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Natural Disaster Essay: How to Write, Topics, & Examples

What would you do if someone told you that a tsunami would wipe out your house tomorrow afternoon? You won’t believe them. It always seems that natural disasters happen in someone else’s life. But every year, millions of people worldwide suffer from various natural calamities. This article attempts to systemize the chaos of nature for you to write an impressive natural disasters essay. You will get acquainted with the seven types of disasters, get a long list of topics and examples of natural disaster essay in 200 words and 300 words.

• 🌪️ Natural Disaster: The Basics
• 💡 114 Essay Topics
• 📑 Outlining Your Essay
• 🌊 Essay Sample (200 Words)
• 🏜️ Essay Sample (300 Words)

🌪️ Natural Disaster Essay: What Is It About?

A natural disaster is a large-scale meteorological or geological event that can to cause loss of life or massive damage to people’s property. Floods and severe storms are the most reported acts of nature in the US, but other incidents also happen from time to time. That is why you can dedicate your essay on natural disasters to earthquakes, droughts, wildfires, floods, tsunamis, hurricanes, or tornadoes.

💡 114 Natural Disasters Essay Topics

What could you write in a natural disaster essay? You can invent your own topic about various types of natural disasters, their causes, and aftermath, or their impact on human life and the economy. Depending on the discipline, you can also describe historic calamities that changed the direction of human civilization. Alternatively, choose one from our comprehensive list below.

• Why are the Great Plains of the central US ideal for tornado formation?
• Global Warming and Climate Change Legislation .
• Research the atmospheric parameters inside a tornado.
• Energy, Technology and Climate Change .
• Why are the boundaries of Tornado Alley in the US so debatable?
• The global climate change as a manmade disaster.
• Which actions should you never do when a tornado is nearby?
• Volunteers’ Role During Disasters .
• Suggest your opinion on the best action strategy in a hurricane.
• The Columbia Disaster and safety violations.
• What were the causes and effects of a flood?
• Analysis on Climate Change and Global Impact .
• Describe the most devastating wildfires in the US and find their common features.
• Earthquake Engineering Considerations and Methods .
• Brainstorm ideas to prevent wildfires.
• Global warming and the greenhouse effect.
• How can building dams cause earthquakes?
• Climate Change and Its Impact on Freshwater .
• Analyze the impact of droughts on tourism .
• Climate Change Effect on Coral Reef Communities .
• Describe the most extended droughts in human history.
• Marine and Coastal Climate Change in Australia .
• Write an essay on natural disasters and earthquakes in particular.
• Air pollution and mortality rates
• What are the distinctive features of droughts in third-world countries ?
• Global Warming, Climate Change, and Society’s Impact on the Environment .
• Study the relationship between global warming and droughts.
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After a Hurricane .
• Evaluate the damage caused by Hurricane Maria in 2017.
• Social Media’s Role in Disaster Response .
• Classify the effects of natural disasters in an essay.
• Sustainability and Climate Change .
• Describe the 1815 volcanic eruption of Mt. Tambora, Indonesia.
• Hurricane Katrina: Overview, Impact, Response .
• Each new leap of civilization causes new responses of nature.
• Animal Exploitation. Animal Agriculture and Climate Change .
• Think of any positive effects a volcanic eruption may have.
• In Arizona, Collaboration Averts Water Disaster .
• Children are the poorest victims of any disaster.
• A Solution to Remedy Climate Change .
• Which ways of disaster risk reduction do you know?
• An Emergency Operations Center During Hurricane Harvey .
• Research the current problems in disaster management.
• Disaster Recovery Plan for Information Technology Organizations .
• Analyze ineffective disaster management in an essay about hurricane Katrina.
• Nurse Competencies and Scope of Practice in Disaster .
• What should a household have at home in the case of a disaster?
• Hurricane Katrina: The Powerful Natural Disaster .
• Describe the humanitarian disaster during the drought in Somalia.
• Technology in Disaster Preparedness .
• Can man-made disasters entail natural calamities?
• Disaster Management in Philadelphia .
• Review the criteria for disaster classification.
• Jeddah Floods and Adaptation Strategies in the City of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia .
• Search for real examples of hybrid disasters.
• Natural Disasters Prevention: A Tabletop Exercise .
• Who is responsible for casualties after a natural disaster?
• The Sand Storms: Remote Sensing and Meteorological Variables .
• List the lessons we could learn from our past disaster experience.
• Fire Development, Growth, and Spreads .
• The ice storm and silver thaw: A gentle disaster.
• Fire Crisis Management in the UAE .
• Rockslides: A pressing issue for rural areas.
• 1d – 2d Flood Modeling Using PCSWMM .
• What are the psychological benefits of disaster preparedness?
• Structural Control and Origin of Volcanism in the Taupo Volcanic Zone .
• When does a blizzard become a disaster?
• Extreme Weather Events + Geographies of Globalization .
• Research the causes of dust storms and name the affected areas.
• Strategies for Sustainable Integrated Oil Disaster Management in West Africa .
• Why did the San Francisco earthquake (1906) cause devastating fires?
• Causes of Climate Change .
• What could be done to help people who lost their homes in an earthquake?
• Book Review: Energy and Global Climate Change .
• Analyze the role of World Vision in humanitarian aid after disasters.
• Tangshan earthquake of 1976 showed that high population density is disastrous.
• The Role of Carbon Dioxide in Climate Change .
• Rock avalanche: Why water is the most powerful geological agent.
• Aspects of Climate Change .
• When do extreme weather conditions turn into a disaster?
• Climate Change: Reasons, Kyoto Protocol .
• Write an article on shelter-providing organizations for disaster victims.
• Establishing an IT Disaster Recovery Plan .
• Describe earthquake cycles in Haiti.
• Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food .
• How can nature damage ecology in natural disasters?
• Climate Change. Problems. Effects .
• Disaster management should include psychological help to the survivors.
• Climate Change Causes: Position and Strategies .
• Suggest ways to prevent damage caused by debris flow.
• HAT 4: Disaster in Franklin Country .
• How did the lack of evacuation after the Bhola cyclone (1970) result in the massive death toll?
• The Effects of Climate Change .
• The most significant Yellow River flood: 2 million deaths in 1887.
• Resilience Building Against Natural Disasters in the Caribbean Islands .
• Sinkholes: A natural disaster or attraction for cavers and water-divers?
• Global Climate Change and Health .
• Describe the dynamics of landslides in California .
• Which early-warning systems to detect avalanches do you know?
• Los Angeles Regional Collaborative for Climate Action .
• Pyroclastic flow: The deadliest volcanic hazard.
• Communication During Disaster Response .
• Describe the volcano eruption of Vesuvius that destroyed the Herculaneum and Pompeii.
• Disaster Planning for Families .
• Disaster prevention measures: Investments that save millions of lives.
• Natural Disaster Management and Historical Prospective Study in the UAE .
• Research the PTSD in survivors of natural disasters.
• Are the latest disasters the nature’s fightback to humanity?
• Estimate the human impact on natural disasters.
• List the countries with the largest number of disasters and find their standard features.
• Everyday Communication on Climate Change .
• Insurance coverage against disasters: Our inevitable future.
• Emergency Planning Before and After Hurricane Katrina .
• One natural disaster could bring the world to its end.

Haven’t found a suitable topic in the list above? Use our essay topic generator to get more ideas.

📑 Natural Disaster Essay Outline

Outlines differ, depending on the assigned length and essay type. It is a reference sample. Feel free to modify it, extending some points and narrowing the others. Still, the overall structure should remain the same. We have chosen the “Causes of Earthquakes” essay topic for demonstrative purposes.

• Hook . There are millions of possible ways to start your essay, from a rhetorical question to any imaginable scenario. The point is to grab the reader’s attention, showing them that your writing is unique and creative. For example: We are always concerned with the consequences of a natural disaster. But what brought us into such a calamity in the first place?
• Concepts. Natural disasters can be studied in the framework of various disciplines. But in all cases, they are linked with geology, biology, chemistry, geography, and some other subjects with broad and complicated terminology. Explain the terms that could be elusive for your readers here. For example: For the purposes of this essay, an earthquake is a sudden displacement of the land surface.
• Background. How did you come to think of this problem? Why is it topical? The causes of earthquakes are numerous and often unrelated. To understand them as a system, we need a strict classification.
• Thesis statement . Clearly state the aim of your essay. This essay attempts to group the causes of earthquakes to determine which factors can be tackled by human forces.
• Transition sentence. It comes in the previous sentence (for paragraphs 2 and 3) and ensures smooth reading. E.g.: Tectonic movements are the most powerful causes of earthquakes, and we cannot influence them. But still, there is something we could do.
• Topic sentence . What will you explain in this paragraph? Human interference with nature can also cause earthquakes.
• Evidence. How can you confirm the topic sentence? Heavy clubbing of dam water can disturbance the crustal balance. Nuclear bombing causes shockwaves that penetrate the surface, changing the tectonic plates and their natural alignment. Mining can also cause earthquakes by removing extensive volumes of stone from under the ground.
• Warrant. Why does the reader need this information, and how does it relate to the thesis statement? Knowing these facts can help us change the old-fashioned approaches and lessen the ecological damage to our planet.
• Summary. Collect and summarize all your arguments here. Tectonic movements, volcano eruptions, and geological faults cause a significant part of earthquakes worldwide. But various man-made causes bring us to the same result.
• Rephrased thesis. We cannot stop the tectonic movements or hinder volcanic eruptions, but we can use natural resources with more care.

🌊 Natural Disaster Essay 200 Words

Below you will find a short natural disaster essay for 200 words. It explores the causes and effects of the tsunami in Japan in 2011.

Tsunami in Japan: Causes and Effects The proximity of the deadliest disasters is often unpredictable. As a result, the consequences of a tsunami can exceed any possible expectations. This essay looks for the decisive factors that caused the tsunami in Japan in 2011 and its results for the local population and other countries. The causes were out of human control and could not be predicted. The Pacific plate moved in the horizontal and vertical plane, advancing beneath the Eurasian Plate. It displaced the seawater above and entailed several destructive waves. The disaster had enormous consequences for the Japanese people and their economy. It killed almost 16,000 people, although the country had a sophisticated alarming system. Besides, the earthquake caused fires and explosions at oil factories. The cooling system of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant went out of service. Two people were lost, and many were injured. Nissan, like many other large corporations, had to suspend the operation of its four factories. The economic losses due to the catastrophe amounted to 300 billion dollars. But the disaster moved to other places. On 24 March 2011, the earthquake in the east of Myanmar claimed the lives of 60 people and destroyed 300 buildings. As we can see, everything is linked on our planet. Movements of the earth’ crust in any part of the world bring about earthquakes and tsunami in other countries. The series of waves in Japan was caused by the underwater earthquake and had horrible consequences.

🏜️ Natural Disaster Essay 300 Words

If your assignment is longer, you will have to provide your opinion in the essay. Or, you can make your argumentation more detailed. Below you can check our 300-word sample of a disaster essay.

The Economic Effects of the Dust Bowl Drought When someone says “a natural disaster,” we usually imagine an earthquake or a tsunami. Buildings are destroyed, and property is lost. But imagine a scenario of a devastating drought, which happened in the US in the 1930s. Its effect is less visible because it lies in the domain of the national economy. This essay reveals the economic consequences of the Dust Bowl drought. During the third decade of the XX century, strong winds raised choking dust in the southern states, from Texas to Nebraska. People and animals died as the crops failed in the area for several years in a row. The Dust Bowl lasted for almost a decade and was also called “the Dirty Thirties.” This drought intensified the impact of the Great Depression. Local farmers had to migrate to urban areas in search of better conditions and other sources of living. About 2.5 million people moved West from the worst-hit states, namely New Mexico, Texas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Kansas. But they found only discrimination, meager salaries, and inhuman working conditions. Many had to live in tents near irrigation ditches. They were called “Okies,” a disdainful name for migrants of any state. Regular rains returned to the southern states by the end of 1939, closing the drought. However, the economic aftermath persisted. The counties that suffered the most failed to recover the agricultural value of their land till the 1950s. Thus, the local population kept decreasing for twenty years. Although a drought does not ruin property, it can tangibly lower human life levels. The Dust Bowl threw people into a lose-lose situation. Their farms were unfit for gaining any profit, and the new places of living gave them no better opportunities. It took two decades to restore public wellbeing in the Southern States.

Researching the worst acts of nature can teach you to value what you have. We hope that this article has made your creative writing more manageable and pleasurable. You can write an essay of any length by simply following our outline. All you will need to do after that is make a cover page for it.

Please share your natural disaster essay ideas in the comments below.

❓ Natural Disaster Essay FAQ

How to write an essay about natural disaster.

Your approach should depend on the discipline. But in any case, you can discuss the types of disasters, their consequences, characteristics, and preconditions. The excellent idea is to select a past disastrous event and analyze it from the economic, social, or individual point of view.

What Is a Disaster Essay?

A disaster essay explores the stages of a natural or man-made calamity and seeks the possible ways to prevent similar emergencies in the future. An article on disaster management studies the correct and efficient activities to lower the casualties and property loss after a disaster.

What Is Disaster Preparedness Essay?

This type of writing analyzes the level of readiness of a region or municipality to an unexpected natural disaster. You can highlight the vulnerable groups of the population that will suffer the most. Or, you may invent measures that could reduce the disaster response and coping time. Such assignments teach you strategic thinking and a systematic approach to problem-solving.

How to Describe a Natural Disaster for an Essay?

You should specify that the event was unexpected and led to many deaths and property loss. The most critical things include the causes of the disaster, its progress and duration, and the negative consequences for the locals. You can also specify the negative effect on the economy and humanitarian condition of the area.

🔗 References

• Natural Disasters and Severe Weather | CDC
• Types of Disasters | SAMHSA
• Natural Disaster – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
• Natural Disasters – National Geographic
• What Is Disaster Management: Prevention and Mitigation

Essays About Natural Disasters: 5 Examples and Prompts

Essays about natural disasters teach us many things; read on to see examples and prompts you can use for your piece.

Natural disasters are the sudden occurrence of natural and severe hazards threatening human welfare and survival. These events can cause injuries, destroy assets such as homes and businesses, and even death. Some examples of natural disasters are tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, wildfires, and storms.

Although emergency protocols are in place to alleviate and prevent natural disasters’ impact on both humanity and the economy, there is still no guarantee that these will be able to protect and save everyone from these misfortunes. Therefore, writing essays about natural disasters helps spread awareness on how to act when one faces these mishaps properly.

Below are five examples you should read to create essays about natural disasters effectively:

1. Planning For a Safer Tomorrow by Jyotsana B

2. natural disasters are often not natural by sandra valdez, 3. natural disasters essay by pradeep, 4. equity during natural disasters by writer kip, 5. natural disasters: nature’s revenge by anonymous on loveliessays.com, 1. my experience with natural disasters, 2. natural disasters: a history, 3. natural disasters and the economy, 4. types of natural disasters, 5. my take on natural disaster management, 6. causes of natural disasters, 7. after effects of natural disasters, 8. recovery from a natural disaster.

“Natural disasters have a severe impact on the society, therefore it is important to plan and develop a safety programme and devise means to efficiently deal with natural disaster. Development programme that go into promoting development at the local level have been left to the general exercise of planning.”

The author shares tips on how to prevent calamities and be prepared in case these natural disasters occur. These steps include proper analysis and risk assessment, adequate information database, modern infrastructure, and networks of knowledge-based institutions. The essay further expounds on each point and gives specific directions on successfully implementing these precautions.

“The word ‘natural’ indicates that humans have not triggered the catastrophe. However, human activity can definitely interfere with nature, which in turn may either cause a natural disaster or make its impacts much worse.”

Although Valdez agrees that “natural disasters” means humans do not directly create them, she also considers human’s significant contributions to these tragedies. She offers an example of earthquakes and the fluid injection incident in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal in Denver, Colorado. She further lists more human activities that trigger earthquakes, blaming human engineering that stresses the Earth’s faults. Finally, she acknowledges human speeds up disasters and human elements are innate in these equations.

“There is no doubt that extending help to someone during tough times is paramount. Rich countries should support poverty-stricken nations with altruistic aid while calamities take place… Being rich, similar nations are in a position to support countries that suffer economically and emotionally during nature havoc. The result of this is, not only induces good relations between countries but also paves the way to commercial transactions with minimized taxes in the future.”

Pradeep supports that countries with more resources should aid those with lesser assets. It’s not only because of altruistic reasons but because it can also be the foundation for good relationships between governments. These relationships can result in successful transactions and give comfort and security to grief-stricken countries.

“Should we allow prices to increase during natural disasters or should we protect against price gouging?… No policy is best for everyone… In the grand scheme of things, the market will return to normal the quickest whenever the market prices are allowed to fluctuate.”

Kip criticizes the way businesses increase the goods’ prices when there is a natural disaster. He questions if it’s the right thing to do to consumers who are only trying to purchase what they need to be ready for catastrophes. 

He also includes business reviews that rationalize high prices by arguing increasing prices prevents product hoarding. He challenges this statement by asking the readers to consider those who don’t have the money to buy these overpriced essentials. The writer also mentions other terms to explain the economy during a natural disaster and even involves the government’s processes to mitigate its harmful effects.

“Our environment is our responsibility… Exactly who polluted our planet so much? There is only one answer: man. It is man’s actions that have caused the problem… Humanity must realize that if the current trends are allowed to continue unchecked, the future of life on Earth is at risk. it must be conserved.”

Is nature retaliating because of humans’ disregard for it? The author offers reports to present the unpredictability of these disasters brought by climate change. To further prove their points, the author lays down facts like the quick rising of the sea and changing rain patterns. 

At the end of the essay, the writer urges man to be an environmentalist because he depends on his surroundings for food and shelter. Therefore, to survive, humans must treat nature well.

A tip: Run your essay through essay writing apps to organize and help you with style and grammar.

8 Prompts on Essays About Natural Disasters

There are many aspects of natural disasters you can zero in on. Here are easy but compelling prompts to tackle:

Share your experience with a calamity, and narrate what happened before, during, and after. Are there certain things you wish you did or didn’t do? Include how it affected your life and how you understand things work, such as the importance of first responders and following authorities in times of panic and chaos.

Then, focus on your personal experience. For example, your family might have to move places because you lost your home. Or that today, you always have an emergency bag packed and ready. You might also be interested in these essays about nature .

List down notable natural disasters that changed the course of the world. This could include volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and hurricanes. Then, explain why they happened, how the government or country dealt with it, and discuss the precautions executed in case the disaster occurs again. Finally, include the lessons you learned from these tragedies.

Explain how natural disasters affect the economy. Then, to make it more relatable, you can relay the impact of these tragedies on your life. For example, did any of your relatives lose their job because of a natural disaster? Was your family forced to close down your business? Include personal anecdotes to create an engaging essay.

List the many natural disasters and discuss them in detail. In this essay, you can delve into the causes of each type of natural disaster and how it impacts nearby civilizations. What do you fear the most in these disasters? To make it easier, you can pick two natural disasters to compare and contrast.

Choose an incident where natural disaster management was applied and give your thoughts about it. Research a recent natural disaster and study how the local and national government managed it. If any failed initiatives or points could be improved upon, make sure to write your thoughts about this in your essay. Then, you can discuss what you believe will aid natural disaster management in the future.

For this prompt, you can split your essay into two sections. One section can discuss environmental causes, while the other delves into human activities that cause natural disasters. Topics can include pollution, climate change, and overpopulation of small areas. To create an emotive essay, write about your thoughts on what we can do as a society to mitigate these harmful activities.

Consider the short and long-term effects of these natural disasters. You can concentrate on a specific tragedy that the general public knows so your reader can easily imagine what you describe in your essay. To make your piece more interesting, you can list natural disasters’ negative and positive effects.

If you want your essay to focus on something positive, choose to discuss new beginnings. For example, you can center on a community and how its people helped each other recover. You can also include the assistance they received from different places and how it aided them in restarting their lives after the disaster.

If you are interested in learning more, check out our essay writing tips !

Maria Caballero is a freelance writer who has been writing since high school. She believes that to be a writer doesn't only refer to excellent syntax and semantics but also knowing how to weave words together to communicate to any reader effectively.

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Natural Disasters Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on natural disasters.

A Natural disaster is an unforeseen occurrence of an event that causes harm to society. There are many Natural disasters that damage the environment and the people living in it. Some of them are earthquakes , cyclones, floods, Tsunami , landslides, volcanic eruption, and avalanches. Spatial extent measures the degree or severity of the disaster.

Levels of Disaster

The severity or degree of damage can be further divided into three categories:

Small Scale Disasters: Small scale disasters are those that extend from 50 Kms. to 100 Kms. So this kind of disasters does not cause much damage.

Medium-scale disasters: Medium Scale disasters extend from 100 Kms to 500 Kms. These cause more damage than a small scale disaster. Moreover, they can cause greater damage if they occur in colonial states.

Large Scale Disasters: These disasters cover an area of more than 1000 Kms. These cause the most severe damage to the environment. Furthermore, these disasters can even take over a country if the degree is high. For instance, the wiping out of the dinosaurs was because of a large scale natural disaster.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Types of Disasters

Causes: These can cause of releasing of the energy. This release is from the core of the earth. Furthermore, the release of energy causes seismic waves. Rupturing of geological faults causes earthquakes. But other events like volcanic eruptions, landslides mine blasts can also cause it.

Landslides: Landslides is the moving of big boulders of rocks or debris down a slope. As a result, landslides occur on mountains and hilly areas. Moreover, landslides can cause destruction to man-made things in many ways.

Causes: Gravitational pull, volcanic eruptions , earthquakes can cause landslides. Moreover, soil erosion due to deforestation is also a cause of landslides.

Avalanches: Avalanches are like landslides. But instead of rocks thousand tons of snow falls down the slope. Moreover, this causes extreme damage to anything that comes in its way. People who live in snowy mountains always have fear of it.

Causes: Avalanches takes places when there is a large accumulation of snow on the mountains. Moreover, they can also occur from earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Furthermore, the chances of surviving an avalanche are very less. This is because people die of hypothermia in it.

Tsunami: Tsunami is the production of very high waves in oceans and seas. Moreover, the displacement of the ground causes these high waves. A tsunami can cause floods if it occurs near shores. A Tsunami can consist of multiple waves. Moreover, these waves have a high current. Therefore it can reach coastlines within minutes. The main threat of a tsunami is if a person sees a Tsunami he cannot outrun it.

Causes: Tsunami is unlike normal eaves that occur due to the wind. But Tsunami is waves that occur by ground displacement. Thus earthquakes are the main causes of Tsunamis.

FAQs on Essay on natural disaster

Q1.What are natural disasters?

A1. Natural Disasters are unforeseen events that cause damage to the environment and the people.

Q2.Name some Natural disasters.

A2. Some Natural Disasters are earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, Landslides, floods, Tsunami, avalanches. Natural disasters can cause great damage to human society. But preventive measures can be taken to reduce the damage from these disasters.

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103 Natural Disaster Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Natural disasters are events that occur in nature and can cause significant destruction and loss of life. They can take many forms, including hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, wildfires, and tsunamis. Writing an essay on natural disasters can be a daunting task, but with the right topic and approach, you can create a compelling and informative piece of writing. Here are 103 natural disaster essay topic ideas and examples to help you get started:

• The impact of climate change on natural disasters
• How do natural disasters affect the environment?
• The role of technology in predicting and mitigating natural disasters
• The psychological effects of natural disasters on survivors
• The economic impact of natural disasters on communities
• The social impact of natural disasters on vulnerable populations
• How do natural disasters affect wildlife and ecosystems?
• The role of government in responding to natural disasters
• The importance of disaster preparedness and planning
• The relationship between poverty and vulnerability to natural disasters
• The connection between deforestation and increased risk of natural disasters
• The impact of natural disasters on global food security
• The role of international aid in responding to natural disasters
• The long-term effects of natural disasters on communities
• The ethics of disaster response and recovery efforts
• The role of media in reporting on natural disasters
• The impact of natural disasters on mental health
• The connection between natural disasters and climate refugees
• The role of education in preparing communities for natural disasters
• The impact of natural disasters on infrastructure and development
• The relationship between natural disasters and disease outbreaks
• The connection between natural disasters and conflict
• The role of insurance in mitigating the financial impact of natural disasters
• The impact of natural disasters on agriculture and food production
• The connection between natural disasters and water scarcity
• The role of NGOs in responding to natural disasters
• The impact of natural disasters on tourism and the economy
• The relationship between natural disasters and climate justice
• The role of community resilience in recovering from natural disasters
• The impact of natural disasters on coastal communities
• The connection between natural disasters and mental health stigma
• The role of technology in tracking and monitoring natural disasters
• The impact of natural disasters on indigenous communities
• The relationship between natural disasters and climate change adaptation
• The role of gender in disaster response and recovery efforts
• The impact of natural disasters on human rights
• The connection between natural disasters and urbanization
• The role of social media in disaster response and recovery efforts
• The impact of natural disasters on education and schools
• The relationship between natural disasters and biodiversity loss
• The role of community-based organizations in responding to natural disasters
• The impact of natural disasters on clean water access
• The connection between natural disasters and food insecurity
• The role of preparedness drills in communities at risk of natural disasters
• The impact of natural disasters on children and families
• The relationship between natural disasters and displacement
• The role of volunteer groups in disaster response and recovery efforts
• The impact of natural disasters on cultural heritage sites
• The connection between natural disasters and environmental racism
• The role of early warning systems in predicting natural disasters
• The impact of natural disasters on small businesses and local economies
• The relationship between natural disasters and social inequality
• The role of faith-based organizations in disaster response and recovery efforts
• The impact of natural disasters on mental health access and services
• The connection between natural disasters and climate migration
• The role of community gardens in disaster recovery efforts
• The impact of natural disasters on access to healthcare
• The relationship between natural disasters and food deserts
• The role of cultural competency in disaster response and recovery efforts
• The impact of natural disasters on LGBTQ communities
• The connection between natural disasters and environmental justice
• The role of indigenous knowledge in disaster preparedness and response
• The impact of natural disasters on marginalized communities
• The relationship between natural disasters and gentrification
• The role of intersectionality in disaster response and recovery efforts
• The impact of natural disasters on mental health disparities
• The connection between natural disasters and climate denial
• The role of community centers in disaster response and recovery efforts
• The impact of natural disasters on immigrant communities
• The relationship between natural disasters and housing insecurity
• The role of community art projects in disaster recovery efforts
• The impact of natural disasters on access to public transportation
• The connection between natural disasters and environmental activism
• The role of community health clinics in disaster response and recovery efforts
• The impact of natural disasters on access to clean energy
• The relationship between natural disasters and environmental policy
• The role of community shelters in disaster response and recovery efforts
• The impact of natural disasters on access to affordable housing
• The connection between natural disasters and community organizing
• The role of community colleges in disaster response and recovery efforts
• The impact of natural disasters on access to mental health services
• The relationship between natural disasters and community gardens
• The impact of natural disasters on access to public libraries
• The connection between natural disasters and community resilience
• The role of community-based organizations in disaster response and recovery efforts
• The impact of natural disasters on access to affordable healthcare
• The relationship between natural disasters and community art projects
• The connection between natural disasters and environmental policy
• The relationship between natural disasters and community organizing
• The connection between natural disasters and community gardens
• The relationship between natural disasters and community resilience
• The connection between natural disasters and community art projects

These natural disaster essay topics cover a wide range of issues and perspectives, allowing you to explore different aspects of this important and timely subject. Whether you choose to focus on the environmental impact of natural disasters, the social and economic consequences, or the role of communities in responding and recovering, there are plenty of opportunities to explore and analyze in your essay. By selecting a topic that interests you and conducting thorough research, you can create a compelling and informative essay that sheds light on the complexities of natural disasters and their effects on our world.

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88 Natural Disaster Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Writing about risks or management of catastrophes caused by nature? Our experts have prepared a list of topics and essay questions about natural disasters – check them out!

🏆 Best Natural Disaster Essay Topics & Examples

📌 catchy essay titles for natural disasters, 👍 good essay topics on natural disaster, ❓ essay questions about natural disasters.

• Effects of Natural Disasters Essay Various factors influence the effects that a disaster on a country among them the magnitude of the disaster, the geography of the area affected and recovery efforts directed towards reducing the immediate effects of a […]
• “Natural Disaster Management Planning” by Perry Perry writes the article Natural disaster management planning: A study of logistics manager responding to the tsunami with the aim of analysing the tsunami disaster that occurred in 2004, as well as providing comprehensive overview […]
• Natural Disaster Aftermath: Spirituality and Health Care Second, healthcare providers should improve their staff’s cultural sensitivity and awareness of various spiritual practices and denominations in order to develop a flexible blueprint of communication with patients and proper intervention.
• Risk vs. Cost in Natural Disaster Insurance Floods are more predictable, and it is possible to create a map for each flood-prone area that would allow insurance companies to calculate the exact cost of premiums.
• National Response to Terrorism & Natural Disaster The National Response Framework governs the national security and crisis response to dynamic emergencies and natural disasters that occur in the community.
• Natural Disaster Risks Overview The Resilinc indicators provide analysis of the riskiness of the locations, such as real-time monitoring of the disruptions, analysis of the multiple risk indicators, assessment of the suppliers in the risky countries, and analysis of […]
• How Can a Company’s Knowledge Base Be Protected in the Event of a Natural Disaster? In any cases if there is a sudden disaster and there is loss of any data, it becomes highly difficult for the managers to get back the knowledge of the business and also if there […]
• Incident Command System: Natural Disaster Prevention Planning The disaster brought considerable financial losses to the states, and the Sonora government had to provide funding and support in the form of $30 million for the purpose of residential relief.
• Weather and Climate: Tathra Natural Disaster The paper discusses the affected areas, the causes of the hazard, and its impacts. The disaster occurred in the forests near the bank of Bega River and Tathra, a small town in the Far South […]
• Earthquake as a Unique Type of Natural Disaster Earthquakes are believed to be one of the most dangerous natural disasters, and they can have a lot of negative effects on both the community and the environment.
• Australian and Asian Natural Disaster Epidemiology The present paper discusses the disaster epidemiology of Australia and three countries that are located in the Asian region. While the latter did not result in any financial damage, they led to the deaths of […]
• Preparing for a Natural Disaster in US Responders also need to be given the necessary psychological support and training in anticipation of the imminent trauma that they will be exposed to by the devastating effects of the floods.
• Managing Natural Disaster Risks in a Changing Climate Usually, it is difficult to figure out the frequency of natural disasters and the kind of damage that can result from the occurrence of these disasters.
• Indiana University Bloomington Natural Disaster Risk Assessment and Risk Management This high concentration of infrastructure is likely to increase the level of damages because a destruction of many buildings is likely to result in higher human deaths and more financial losses.
• IUB Natural Disaster Risk Assessments and Risk Management Due to the fact that Tornado is a natural disaster that locations around IUB need to be prepared of; there are lots of vulnerabilities in the University.
• Preparing for a Safe Evacuation due to a Natural Disaster: Saving Valuables and Having an Evacuation Plan
• Haiti And Natural Disaster : Causes And Natural Disaster
• Macroeconomic Fluctuations Under Natural Disaster Shocks in Central America and the Caribbean
• Types Of Police Plans For A Natural Disaster
• The People as a Natural Disaster: Redemptive Violence in Jacobin Political Thought
• Federal Natural Disaster Assistance Programs for Livestock Producers, 2008-16
• There’s No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster
• Natural Disaster, Policy Action, and Mental Well Being: The Case of Fukushima
• The Economics of Natural Disaster-Kerala Floods
• Innovations in Agricultural and Natural Disaster Insurance
• Hurricane Katrina: Natural Disaster or Racial Disaster
• Variation in Risk Seeking Behavior in a Natural Experiment on Large Losses Induced by a Natural Disaster
• The Lisbon Earthquake : A Natural Disaster That Evoked
• The Role of Social Media During a Natural Disaster: 2011 Thai Flood
• Ice Storm: Reacting to a Natural Disaster in Quebec
• Natural Disaster Management Strategy For Common People
• The Process of Consumer Reactions to Possession Threats and Losses in a Natural Disaster
• Impact of Disasters and Role of Social Protection in Natural Disaster Risk Management in Cambodia
• Natural Disaster Risk Management in the Philippines : Reducing Vulnerability
• The Returns to Education in the Context of a Natural Disaster: Evidence from the 2010 Earthquake in Haiti
• Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Maps For Natural Disaster Management
• The Effects of Mortality on Fertility: Population Dynamics after a Natural Disaster
• The Political Economy of Natural Disaster Insurance: Lessons from the Failure of a Proposed Compulsory Insurance Scheme in Germany
• Hurricane Katrina Was a Man-Made and Natural Disaster
• Trust, Risk, and Time Preferences After a Natural Disaster: Experimental Evidence from Thailand
• Using Online Assessment to Replace Invigilated Assessment in Times of a Natural Disaster
• Impact Of Natural Disaster On Environment Tourism
• Occurrences Of Natural Disaster Or Man-Made Disaster
• The Causes And Impacts Of A Natural Disaster
• Moral Hazard in Natural Disaster Insurance Markets: Empirical Evidence from Germany and the United States
• Socioeconomic Resilience in Sri Lanka: Natural Disaster Poverty and Wellbeing Impact
• The Effect of Natural Disaster on a Society
• The Devastating Effects of Earthquakes and the Invention and Technologies Created to Minimize the Damage of the Natural Disaster
• Natural Disaster and Possible Harms Drugs
• The Effects Which A Natural Disaster Can Have On A Country
• The Black Death: Europe’s Worst Natural Disaster
• The Impact Of Natural Disaster Shock On Domestic Violence: Evidence From Bangladesh
• Mistreatment of Land, Natural Disaster, and Drought Created the Dust Bowl in America
• Trial by Fire: a Natural Disaster’s Impact on Attitudes toward the Government in Rural Russia
• The Natural Disaster Of Hurricane Katrina
• Tsunami: Science and True Natural Disaster
• The Economic Damage Brought by Natural Disaster
• Decision-Making Problems in Natural Disaster Insurance: Public Intervention
• Tsunami: A Natural Disaster of Biblical Proportions
• The Psychologic Effect on People in a Natural Disaster
• Earth, Wind, and Fire! Federalism and Incentive in Natural Disaster Response
• On the Efficient Management of Natural Disaster Risk Using Credit and Index Insurance
• Why Planning Is An Ongoing Process Of A Natural Disaster
• Does Natural Disaster Only Harm Humankind?
• Why Hasn’t Crop Insurance Eliminated Natural Disaster?
• Does Natural Disaster Bring Positive Social Change?
• How Does Paired Assistance to Natural Disaster-Affected Areas Contribute to Economic Sustainability?
• Does Terrorism Increase After a Natural Disaster?
• How Does Culture Affect Natural Disaster Decision Making?
• What Is Natural Disaster Explain?
• How Are Social Vulnerabilities Important Within Natural Disaster?
• What Is the Positive Effect of Natural Disaster?
• What Happens After a Natural Disaster?
• Can Spiritual Issues Surrounding a Disaster Arise for Individuals, Communities, and Health Care Providers?
• How Do Natural Disasters Help the Earth?
• How and Why Should Companies Prepare Themselves for a Natural Disaster?
• How Can Nurses Help in Natural Disaster Preparedness?
• Does Federal Natural Disaster Assistance Crowd Out Flood Insurance?
• Can Europe Save Itself From Natural Disasters?
• Are You Prepared for a Natural Disaster?
• When and How Natural Disaster Strikes?
• How Natural Disaster Affects Our Lives?
• Why Does Some Natural Disaster Insurance Not Exist?
• Are Natural Disaster Situations a Formidable Obstacle to Growth?
• Why Is Natural Disaster Recovery Plan Vital?
• Does Natural Disasters Affect International Trade?
• Does Economic Growth Really Reduce Natural Disaster Damages?
• Why Do Natural Disasters Happen?
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Cause & Effect Essay: Natural Disasters and Their Causes

Natural disasters happen all over the world, and they can be utterly devastating for people’s lives and the environments in which they live. Although natural disasters are caused by nature and there is nothing that we can do to prevent them happening, there are many different natural causes that lead to natural disasters, and being aware of these causes enables us to be better prepared when such disasters do arrive.

One common natural disaster is flooding, which occurs when a river bursts its banks and the water spills out onto the floodplain. This is far more likely to happen when there is a great deal of heavy rain, so during very wet periods, flood warnings are often put in place. There are other risk factors for flooding too: steep-sided channels cause fast surface run-off, while a lack of vegetation or woodland to both break the flow of water and drink the water means that there is little to slow the floodwater down. Drainage basins of impermeable rock also cause the water to run faster over the surface.

Earthquakes are another common natural disaster that can cause many fatalities. The movements of the plates in the earth’s crust cause them. These plates do not always move smoothly and can get stuck, causing a build-up of pressure. It is when this pressure is released that an earthquake occurs. In turn, an earthquake under the water can also cause a tsunami, as the quake causes great waves by pushing large volumes of water to the surface.

Tsunamis can also be caused by underwater volcanic eruptions. Volcanic eruptions are another natural disaster, and they are caused by magma escaping from inside the earth. An explosion takes place, releasing the magma from a confined space, which is why there are often also huge quantities of gas and dust released during a volcanic eruption. The magma travels up the inside of the volcano, and pours out over the surrounding area as lava.

One of the most common natural disasters, but also one of the most commonly forgotten, is wildfires. These take place in many different countries all over the world, particularly during the summer months, and can be caused by a range of different things. Some of the things that can start the wildfires can be totally natural, while others can be manmade, but the speed at which they spread is entirely down to nature. The two natural causes of wildfires are the sun’s heat and lightning strikes, while they can also be caused by campfires, smoking, fireworks and many other things. The reasons that they spread so quickly are prolonged hot, dry weather, where the vegetation dries out, which is why they often take place in woodland.

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• Natural Disasters

Essays on Natural Disasters

The Response to Hurricane Katrina The response to Hurricane Katrina is widely regarded as a failure. This is because of the level of attention directed towards homeland security following the attacks of 9/11 and creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) instead. The government appeared seemingly unable to provide an...

The 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina has gone into history as two of the most critical incidents to have ever occurred in the U.S. On 11th Sept 2001, AL Qaeda hijacked four commercial airliners and crashed into the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon (CBC, 2011). The incident became the most...

Numerous natural catastrophes that have caused significant loss of life and property have plagued the world since the dawn of humanity. The hurricane stands out among these natural catastrophes. It is important to keep in mind that although natural deserters are typically out of human control right away, their impacts...

What did Malagrida think was the reason for the Lisbon earthquake? Did he predict that the metropolis would face more disasters? Can you locate any potential solutions to the city's misery in his pamphlet from which Lisbon citizens might have found solace? Compare Malagrida's and John Wesley's perspectives on Lisbon's situation...

The actions carried out prior to, during, and following catastrophic events are included in disaster recovery. The initiatives are made to lessen the effects of catastrophes in order to protect people and property. The Federal Emergency Management Agency is the entity in charge of planning and carrying out catastrophe recovery...

All incidents in general leave unintentional traces at the site of the crime, whether they are crimes or offenses, accidents, natural disasters, armed conflicts, or other related problems. The investigation's overarching objective is to accurately examine and interpret demonstrable facts, recreate the scene, and comprehend the actual happenstance. The reliability,...

Words: 1322

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Animals and humans both engage in hoarding behavior Animals and humans both engage in the behavior of hoarding, which involves the amassing of particular goods or foods. Animals that gather and store sustenance for later use include rats. When it comes to people, hoarding is either a behavioral disorder or a...

The Mind of an Age The fourth chapter of the book, titled "The Mind of an Age," explores the various ideas that people in the 18th century had about earthquakes and other natural catastrophes that were incredibly destructive. During this time, scientific thought began to expand more widely, which was accompanied...

Words: 1478

Since nothing comparable had ever happened in Europe, the Lisbon earthquake of 1755 was not a typical natural catastrophe. When compared to previous tremors, the earthquake, in Shrady's opinion, was more than just a simple ground trembling. Other things like religion and philosophical beliefs were affected. It was a more...

A variety of events characterize the world's constantly changing environment in which all organisms dwell. These variables paint a picture of the world's shifting dynamic state. As a result, in any preparation for living in the actual coexistence in the world now and beyond, these elements must be carefully considered....

A disaster is an unforeseen event that causes substantial property damage and possibly death. It is therefore critical to plan for such disasters in order to reduce the amount of damage they do. A disaster management plan is a detailed set of regulations and policies that are implemented in the...

Words: 2179

Disasters and Federal Government Involvement Disasters are unavoidable and occur on a daily basis. The majority of the population is unaware that there is a problem. Historically, the federal government's involvement in disaster relief has been limited. In the event of a major disaster, the United States military has pledged help....

Words: 1142

Related topic to Natural Disasters

• Essay On Natural Disasters

Natural Disasters Essay

500+ words essay on natural disasters.

A natural disaster is defined as an event of nature, which overwhelms local resources and threatens the function and safety of the community. Natural disasters are the consequence of natural phenomena unleashing processes that lead to physical damage and the loss of human lives and capital. Earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, windstorms, floods and droughts are some examples of natural disasters. These disasters disrupt the lives of communities and individuals and the economic activity of the affected area. Students must go through this essay on Natural Disaster and gather ideas to write effective essays on topics related to them. Practising essays on such topics will improve the writing skills of the students and help them score better in the English exam.

Classification of Natural Disasters

Natural disasters result from forces of climate and geology. These are perhaps the most “unexpected” and costly overall in terms of loss of human lives and resources.

Disasters are classified into four categories depending on how they arise:

(1) Internal Earth Processes: It covers geophysical phenomena arising from the internal processes of the earth. It includes earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions etc., which human beings cannot usually predict or prevent.

(2) External Earth Processes: These comprise phenomena such as landslides, collapses, flooding, mudslides etc. These hazards can be avoided and are often associated with man-made alterations in the environment, such as deforestation on hillsides or excavations and many more such activities.

(3) Hydrometeorological Hazards: It is associated with changes in air and ocean temperature. This hazard is responsible for the formation of weather phenomena such as hurricanes and tornadoes, and the precipitation and climate variations that sometimes cause extreme flooding, storm surges, droughts and other hydrological phenomena.

(4) Biological Hazards: Biological disasters result from the proliferation of agents such as bacteria, viruses and toxins that can kill or disable people, harm animals, and crops and damage the environment. Some examples of biological hazards are cholera, dengue, yellow fever, Ebola virus and Marburg virus. The current pandemic situation due to Coronavirus is also an example of biological hazards.

Disaster Management

Disasters have massive human and economic costs. They may cause many deaths, severe injuries, and food shortages. Most incidents of severe injuries and deaths occur during the time of impact, whereas disease outbreaks and food shortages often arise much later, depending on the nature and duration of the disaster. Anticipating the potential consequences of disasters can help determine the actions that need to be started before the disaster strikes to minimize its effects.

Disasters are the ultimate test of a community’s emergency response capability. There are 3 major steps that can be taken to manage disaster which include pre-disaster management, during-disaster management and post-disaster management. The pre-disaster management involves generating data and information about the disasters, preparing vulnerability zoning maps and spreading awareness among the people about these. Apart from these, disaster planning, preparedness and preventive measures are other steps that need to be taken in vulnerable areas.

During disasters, rescue and relief operations such as evacuation, construction of shelters and relief camps, supplying of water, food, clothing and medical aids etc. should be done on an emergency basis. Post-disaster operations involve rehabilitation and recovery of victims. It should concentrate on capacity building in order to cope with future disasters, if any. These measures have special significance to India as about two-thirds of its geographical area and an equal proportion of its population are vulnerable to disasters. The Government of India has also taken some steps for disaster management such as passing the disaster management bill and the establishment of the National Institute of Disaster Management.

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Frequently Asked Questions on Natural disasters Essay

What are the types of natural disasters.

Floods/tsunamis, wildfires, drought, hurricane/storms and earthquakes are examples for common natural disasters.

How can we control the impact of a natural disaster?

Impact of natural disasters can be mitigated to an extent by creating awareness among the public about counter measures to be taken. Governments could use disaster prediction technology and install warning systems to alert people about impending disasters. Implementing and enforcing building codes is another measure to reduce the after-effects of disasters.

How do natural disasters affect the environment?

Wildfires, floods, and tornadoes cause structural changes to our ecosystem and also damage the natural inhabitation of that area.

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Essay on Disaster Management: 122 Topics + Writing Guide

Without a doubt, a natural disaster essay is a tough paper to write.

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To begin with, when people encounter a disaster risk, it’s a tragedy. Emergency situations can affect hundreds, thousands, and millions of people. These are the crises and events that change people’s lives drastically. So, disaster and emergency management essay topics aren’t that fun to discuss.

Moreover, an essay on disaster management requires thorough research. Mentioning how people handle natural hazards and recovery from such tragedies is essential for the paper. But you can approach the discussion from different sides.

In this article, our experts will help you with the following:

• How to nail disaster management essay writing.
• What to write your paper about.
• Types of disaster management and their importance.

And good luck!

• 👨‍💼 Disaster Management Definition

✍️ Disasters to Write About

• 🌎 Essay Topics
• ❓ Essay Questions
• 🔥 Essay Title Ideas
• 📑 Writing Guide
• 🖊️ Essay Example 300 Words

🔗 Resources

👨‍💼 essay on disaster management: what is it about.

What is natural disaster management , anyway? What is the role of adults and youth in it?

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Disaster management is the management and organization of responsibilities and resources. Its goal is to deal with the humanitarian aspects of an emergency. Put simply, how to help victims of natural disasters.

There are five stages of the disaster management process:

Let’s see what each of these stages entails.

The name of this stage explains its purpose. Its primary focus is on preventing hazards and potential natural disasters.

Measures are usually taken on different scales, including international and domestic levels. They’re designed to provide reliable protection from possible disasters.

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Of course, it isn’t possible to stop all disasters. But there’s always a chance to minimize the risks of injuries and loss of life. All thanks to environmental planning, evacuation plans, and the introduction of specific design standards.

Mitigation measures are those that are taken before a disaster or emergency happens. It aims to reduce or eliminate the risks and impact a hazard can have on people and the environment.

Mitigation measures come in different forms depending on the hazard itself.

Here are some examples of possible actions:

• Structural changes to buildings
• Securing items inside buildings
• Installation of generators
• Construction of shelters
• Large-scale mitigation measures on the national level
• Preparedness

The focus of this stage is to prepare supplies and equipment. It also involves developing usage procedures when a disaster happens.

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The primary goal is to reduce the level of people’s vulnerability to a disaster. Also, to mitigate a disaster’s impact. And to be able to have a more effective response in case of an emergency.

Organizations like the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) even develop a disaster management plan. They also make disaster supply kit lists. Other agencies and organizations use them to teach people how to help each other. Or they modify those plans to increase their effectiveness. Those can be found on the web in the form of downloadable PDF files or printed handouts.

The response stage aims at fulfilling the humanitarian needs of the population affected by a disaster. Depending on the consequences, anyone can provide such assistance, including individuals, social workers, organizations, national and international agencies.

The most important part of the proper response is the effective coordination of assistance, especially if there’s a misbalance in the amounts of demand and the available answers.

In the case of massive and overwhelming disasters, donations play a crucial role in the response process. They range from all kinds of gifts to money (which is the most efficient type of assistance).

The question is: can communities recover after the disaster happens?

The recovery stage begins after the threat to human life is gone. The goal here is to bring the affected area back to normal condition as quickly and efficiently as possible.

This stage usually involves numerous processes—reconstructing buildings, refilling food availability, and preparing the equipment.

As we’ve mentioned earlier, disasters are divided into two categories—natural and man-made.

🌪️ Natural Disasters

Natural disasters are phenomena or processes that occur due to a force of nature and hurt the environment and people. They can cause injuries, property damage, environmental damage, and loss of life or other health impacts.

There are two types of natural disasters—geological hazards (involving geological processes) and meteorological hazards (or climate hazards).

Geological Hazards

A geological hazard is an extreme natural event in Earth’s crust that represents a threat to life and property. Now, let’s take a closer look at them.

Meteorological Hazards

Meteorological hazards are calamities caused by extreme weather factors, such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed. So, let’s talk in more detail about these.

⚡ Man-Made Disasters

Man-made disasters (also known as anthropogenic) are events caused by the action or inaction of humans. These disasters also affect the environment, humans, other organisms, and ecosystems.

Let’s now move to describe disasters themselves to give you ideas for your future essay.

Societal Hazards

Most societal hazards can be prevented by taking proper measures and actions. These hazards usually appear due to anti-social and criminal behavior. It all can be reported if spotted at the right time.

Hazards Related to Dangerous Materials

Dangerous materials released from man-made or natural hazards threaten human health by increasing the possibility of human exposure to hazardous materials. So, now, let’s take a look at them.

Transportation Hazards

Transportation hazards include disastrous events that can happen anywhere. On the road, in aviation, on railways, in sea travel, and even in space. Several reasons can cause a crash, from mechanism malfunctions to trivial inattention or carelessness. Such catastrophes not only endanger the people involved in them. They also harm the environment, for example, when freight vehicles are involved.

Environmental Hazards

A man-made disaster is classified as environmental if it affects ecosystems and biomes. Such disasters include air pollution, uncontrollable deforestation, oil spills, and water pollution.

🌎 Disaster Management Topics for Essays 

• The role of the government oeganizations in mitigation of natural disasters.
• Discuss how to address the needs and demands of vulnerable population in disaster management .
• Explain why earthquakes are among the most dangerous natural disasters.
• Natural disasters and the strategies of disaster management in Katmandu.
• Natural disasters and vulnerable health populations.
• Describe the ways to improve disaster response.
• Discuss the cases of post-disaster fraud and how to prevent them.
• Analyze the level of natural disaster preparedness in Texas.
• Compare international and South Africa’s disaster management.
• What disaster mitigation strategies can reduce the consequences of flash floods.
• Examine how natural disasters influence various systems.
• Describe the ways media responds to natural disasters.
• The vital role of SNS in a case of a disaster.
• Analyze ethical and legal issues that arise in case of a natural disaster.
• Explain why hurricane Katrina is considered one of the worst national disasters in the USA.
• Describe 2 different global disasters and explain their causes.
• Discuss the importance of emergency planner in effective disaster preparedness .
• Issues that may arise during rebuilding and recovery after natural disaster.
• The main aspects of safety and disaster training for healthcare workers.
• Analyze winter snow disaster in Philadelphia and its impact on the community.
• Describe the effect of natural disasters on the supply chain .
• Examine the reasons and consequences of the Budalangi flood .
• Explain why the 1900 Galveston hurricane is regarded as disaster management failure .
• Explain why the problem of wildfire in California is getting out of control.
• Discuss the response to the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami .
• Compare and analyze the earthquakes in California and Armenia .
• What were the causes and consequences of Haiti earthquake .
• The management of evacuations from Gulf Coast hurricanes.
• Describe what the emergency response to a volcano eruption should be.
• Why was the blizzard of 1888 so deadly?
• Is it possible to avoid catastrophic drought?
• Analyze how media depicts droughts in Africa.
• Discuss economic and environmental consequences of earthquakes .
• The importance of proper training for an effective disaster management.
• Explain the meaning of “ New Normal” concept after disaster .
• What steps should government take for better protection from wildfire?
• Basic aspects of disaster management in big cities.
• Analyze the issues and lessons of hurricane Katrina.
• Compare the preparedness and response strategies to Haiti and Japan’s earthquake.
• Describe tsunami causes and countermeasures.  

❓ Essay-Type Questions on Disaster Management

• What is the role of community-based organizations in managing regional disasters? 
• What are the major global trends in disaster management? 
• How can we help children cope and adjust after a disaster? 
• What are the pros and cons of AI technology in catastrophe management? 
• What role does early warning play in disaster management? 
• Why is family unification one of the critical issues in disaster planning? 
• What are the social and economic consequences of natural disasters? 
• What characterizes disaster management in developing countries? 
• How does natural ecosystem restoration contribute to disaster risk reduction? 
• What are the key components of a comprehensive disaster management plan? 
• What are the problems associated with organizing international disaster relief efforts? 
• Why is psychological support a critical component of post-disaster management? 
• What key elements should hospital evacuation plans consider? 
• What are the peculiarities of disaster management plans for people with disabilities? 
• How can climate change adaptation strategies be used in disaster management? 
• What are the benefits of the disaster management cycle ? 
• What can a regular person do to help their community recover from a disaster? 
• How can cyberattacks on critical infrastructure exacerbate disaster scenarios? 
• What is the importance of international cooperation in disaster management? 
• How can disaster management motivate individuals to be active in their own safety? 
• What are the ethical considerations in providing humanitarian aid in a disaster zone? 
• How can you help others who might be more vulnerable during disasters? 
• What common mistakes do people make when preparing for a disaster? 
• Why is it important to have a disaster plan for your family or community? 
• What are the specific risks of highly populated urban areas during natural disasters? 
• How can psychological support programs be effective in post-disaster recovery? 
• What is the role of land-use planning in mitigating disaster risks? 
• How can collaboration between hospitals improve response to disaster? 
• Why is mitigation one of the most critical phases of disaster management? 
• How can physiotherapists effectively contribute in disaster situations? 
• What are the key aspects of disaster preparedness? 
• Why is it critical to invest in technologies for improving disaster response strategies? 
• Why do different types of disasters require different management strategies? 
• What are the ethical considerations in disaster mitigation and recovery? 
• Why is effective communication essential during and after a disaster event? 
• What technologies and methods are used to warn people about impending disasters? 
• What role can education programs play in preventing anthropogenic catastrophes? 
• How can urban planning help to minimize the impact of disasters on cities? 
• What are the most effective ways to stay safe during a flood? 
• What is the connection between cultural diversity and disaster preparedness? 

🔥 Disaster Title Ideas for Essays

• Explore the role of disaster preparedness in reducing the effects of disasters. 
• Flood prevention measures and their importance in vulnerable regions. 
• The efficiency of scientific methods and technologies in predicting volcanic activity. 
• Write about the function of social workers in China’s disaster management programs. 
• How past disaster experiences can help prevent future catastrophes. 
• The effectiveness of reforestation programs in restoring ecosystems. 
• Housing programs and their role in post-disaster recovery. 
• Compare the US and UK disaster management systems. 
• Earthquake-resistant materials and their role in mitigating damage during earthquakes. 
• Evaluate the use of coastal infrastructure in protecting from wave surges. 
• The potential of green infrastructure in preventing floods. 
• Cultural heritage preservation and its role in disaster management. 
• The use of the Incident Command System in effective disaster management. 
• Study the factors leading to building collapses and measures to prevent such disasters. 
• The role of volunteers in the disaster management process. 
• Biodegradable disaster cleanup technology and its pitfalls. 
• Ethics in the practices and policies of disaster management. 
• Review the challenges for preserving cultural heritage in coastal areas affected by wave surges. 
• Energy-efficient buildings and their role in temperature regulation. 
• Assess the importance of community education in minimizing the impact of volcanic eruptions. 
• The influence of economic disparities on post-disaster recovery. 
• Insurance and its role in mitigating the financial impacts of disaster. 
• The importance of vaccination programs in preventing pandemics. 
• Man-made disasters and their prevention strategies. 
• Review the key methods of protecting vulnerable populations during heatwaves. 
• The role of NGOs and international aid in volcano recovery. 
• Potential challenges of global disaster management systems. 
• Study the key pitfalls of tourism disaster management. 
• Evacuation plans and their use in minimizing the risks of wildfires. 
• Look into the social-cultural aspects influencing community resilience to disaster. 
• Circular economy principles and their application in waste management. 
• Evaluate the importance of international collaboration in preventing biosecurity risks. 
• Safety practices and regulations to prevent dam failures. 
• The use of risk management protocols in chemical plant explosion prevention. 
• Sustainable agriculture practices and their use in reducing soil erosion. 
• Evaluate the effectiveness of emergency response plans during extreme heat events. 
• Post-tsunami mental health support and its importance. 
• The strategies for minimizing economic impact in regions with active volcanoes. 
• Study how social networks can assist in coordination during disaster events. 
• Cyclone disaster management system and its main issues. 
• Review the core components of a disaster response and their peculiarities. 
• The efficiency of investing in resilience to reduce the impact of future disasters. 

📑 Essay on Disaster Management: How to Write

If you’re writing an essay on such a serious topic, a how-to guide will be of great help. Here, we explore the ideas and issues to explore in your paper and the way to organize it.

Check what information your natural disasters essay can include.

Start with the Basics

We skipped it in this post, but you shouldn’t do this in your paper.

When writing a natural disasters essay of 500 words, or 1000 words, it’s essential to start with some general facts:

• A natural disaster definition would be a good beginning. Tell about various types, too.
• You can also provide information about a national disaster of your choice.
• Talk about countries that suffer from it more frequently than others, like India, Japan, etc.
• You can also write a quick rundown of the latest natural disasters.

Don’t forget to make this part meaningful, leading to your thesis statement, where you state your position.

Go into More In-Depth Details

In the main body, provide specific details about the catastrophe you’ve decided to describe:

• the locations where it can happen,
• causes of natural disasters,
• effects this particular disaster can have (both on the environment and in people’s lives),

Elaborating on each issue, offer evidence. For example, the disaster’s effect on transportation, infrastructure, economy, and so on can be supported by worldwide statistics data. A previously made outline might be a great help here.

Another thing you can do:

You can compare the disaster in question with other ones of the same type. Talk about the damages caused by them and how people dealt with the aftermath. Provide a couple of examples to prove your point.

Be sure to provide as many details as possible. As a result, your essay is maximally useful.

Talk About Disaster Management

Now, you can pass on the details of handling the situation. To be more specific, you’re going to tell your readers what to do in case of a catastrophe.

In this part of your essay on disaster management, you will have to talk about its phases. They are:

We’ll talk more about disaster management later on in the article.

Make Your Disaster Essay Even More Helpful

Do you want to make your disaster management essay more informative and impressive? Then tell about various organizations that deal with managing disasters. These resources can also help natural disaster victims or those who want to be aware of all the necessary information if something terrible happens.

Say a few words about the following organizations:

• International Association of Emergency Managers
• PreventionWeb
• United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
• FEMA Recovery Resources
• Disaster Resource Guide
• Disaster Assistance
• American Red Cross
• Habitat for Humanity
• The Salvation Army
• World Confederation for Physical Therapy disaster management resources

These resources provide information about the prevention of natural disasters and what types of assistance are available. How to find missing friends or family members? What are the ways of recovering after disaster strikes? There are also community resources that can help with recovery.

End on a High Note

You don’t want to frustrate your reader, leaving them with a bitter impression. No matter how long your natural disaster essay is – 200 words, 300 words, or a thousand. It’s crucial to deliver a positive message.

Here’s what you can do;

• Talk about the consequences. Tell about the lessons that catastrophic events you’ve described teach us, as human beings. Spreading awareness about the consequences is essential, especially if we talk about man-made disasters. You might mention the role of the media in spreading awareness about environmental disasters.
• Talk about dealing with disasters. It might be a natural disaster, such as a tsunami, or human-made, like the Chernobyl disaster. Your essay should include info about how people dealt with them. The experience individuals get from dealing with disasters is priceless.
• Mention the value of human life. Encountering natural disasters reminds people of how fragile their lives are. It shows the importance of cherishing the life given.

In the end, you’ll have to summarize your essay and restate your thesis. While you try not to leave a negative message, don’t present any new thoughts or concepts. Draw a clear conclusion from the info mentioned in the body.

🖊️ Natural Disasters Essay 300 Words

Check out our essay example on natural disasters below to learn more about structuring your paper. And if you want more examples, try our free Chat GPT Essay Writer to generate a custom-made disaster essay sample tailored to your requirements. 

Hurricane Katrina: Disaster Management Strategies

Introduction

In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina hit the southeastern United States. It became one of the most devastating natural disasters in the history of the country, resulting in 1,833 fatalities and $108 billion in damage . The experience learned from Hurricane Katrina, including both successes and failures, provides important insights for improving disaster management strategies.

Among the effective measures implemented were immediate rescue and social media coordination. Despite initial logistical challenges, the quick deployment of rescue teams, including the Coast Guard and volunteer organizations, saved countless lives. At the same time, social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook have become effective tools for spreading information as well as reuniting families and organizing volunteers. The emergence of crowdfunding websites such as GoFundMe also helped affected communities and families by providing them with financial support.

Despite all efforts, Katrina also revealed shortcomings in disaster response and preparedness. Levee failures, in particular, which are a result of inadequate infrastructure, made the flooding more destructive. Besides, the government faced long-term recovery challenges due to bureaucratic obstacles. There were also challenges caused by inequitable resource distribution and limited access to mental health services. All these factors made reconstruction more difficult and isolated some communities, which highlighted the need for more inclusive and equitable strategies for recovery.

The struggle with the consequences of Hurricane Katrina became a lesson for the United States and the whole world. Recognizing both successful and unsuccessful strategies allows us to draw important conclusions for the next decades. In the event of future disasters, it will be crucial to prioritize community-based preparedness, efficient communication, a robust infrastructure, and equitable resource distribution to boost resilience and save more lives.

Want to see a fully-formatted natural disasters essay sample? Feel free to download it in PDF format below: 

The inevitability of natural disasters and the frequent occurrence of human-made disasters necessitate well-planned effective emergency management approaches that employ functional and cost-efficient methods. Since disasters entail multiple financial losses, property damage, and most importantly, impose a significant threat to human health and life, medical preparedness constitutes a pivotal part of the disaster management process.

Hopefully, you’ve found this guide on natural disaster essay writing useful.

If you have any thoughts on writing disaster essays—make sure to leave a comment about it below. You can also leave a comment if you want to share more disaster resources. Have any questions, suggestions, or even a story to tell? Leave a comment!

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It’s really superb!

Wow. It is very helpful. Thanks.

What is the most effective process of prevention disasters?

It’s quite a complex process, and there’s definitely more than one choice.

Thank you a lot. I found this post very helpful in writing my essay on disaster management. Best regards, Michael

Thanks for the excellent guide to writing an essay on disaster management. Very helpful points to include in a disaster management paper! I wish you good luck!

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Essay on Natural Disasters for Students in English [Easy Words]

January 16, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Natural Disasters: Natural calamities like earthquakes, floods, cyclones tsunamis and landslides have increased due to manmade factors like pollution, ozone depletion and global warming. The extreme exploitation of forests and natural resources has created a severe imbalance in our ecosystem, leading to many natural disasters. A warning management system issues early warnings of a possible calamity and networks with relief operations, rehabilitation support and rescue planning measures.

Essay on Natural Disasters 500 Words in English

Below we have provided Natural Disasters Essay in English, suitable for class 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

Natural disasters are major unpredicted events that have harmful effects on our society. They are severe, and they damage everything in their surrounding space. They pose a threat to the health and well-being of all living populations. Natural disasters include tsunamis, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, floods, volcanic eruptions, and avalanches. Their destruction capacity can be calculated by their spatial extent.

The spatial extent helps in determining the level of severity of a natural hazard. With the rising population and the growth in the number of industries, man has exploited almost all the natural resources present on our planet. This has left our ecosystem in a state of imbalance. Nature is all-powerful, and there is no escape to its wrath. Our selfish activities have led to disasters like pollution , global warming , and ozone depletion. Natural disasters cause a loss in one form or another. We cannot prevent them, but we can certainly take some controlled steps to minimize their effects.

Types of Natural Disasters

Tsunami: A tsunami can be identified as a very large seismic wave in an ocean or a sea. It is caused by any kind of geophysical activity on the ocean floor. These activities can be earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. Tsunamis consist of multiple waves of high current capacity. Tsunami waves are very high when they reach the coastal areas. They can easily flood the shores. People living in these areas cannot outrun these gigantic waves. Loss of life and property follows.

Cyclone: Cyclones are violent storms that are associated with thunder, lightning and torrential rains. They are robust swirling winds which can bring a lot of damage to the affected areas. They do not have any specific direction and can have a speed of about 240-1200 miles per hour. Cyclones mostly hit the warm countries and can result in loss of life, damage to crops, fallen trees, and sinking of boats.

Earthquake: The sudden movement of Earth’s tectonic plate, which results in a shake or vibration of the ground is termed as an earthquake . It is mostly caused by the rupture of geological faults. However, volcanic eruptions and mine blasts can also initiate them.

Landslide: Movement of rock and debris down a sloped portion of land is known as a landslide. It is caused by rain, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Soil erosion (due to deforestation) makes the land unstable and also causes landslides. Landslides mostly occur in mountain areas. Therefore, life in hilly terrains is always susceptible to these kinds of events.

Avalanche: Avalanche is also known as a snow slide. It occurs when a mass of snow rapidly slides along a sloped region (mountain tops). These can also originate as a result of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Avalanches commonly occur on convex slopes and also on slopes covered with grass. Surviving an avalanche is rare because here, death happens due to hypothermia.

Flood: A flood can be defined as the overflow of water on a dry piece of land. Floods can be caused by excessive rainfalls, breaking of dams, storm surges, and tsunamis. Besides being life-threatening, floods can cause sediment deposition and drainage congestion. Coastal plains are the worst-hit zones during floods.

Volcanic Eruption: A volcano is a passage in the crust of Earth through which magma (molten silicate rock) flows out to the surface of the earth. A volcanic eruption can release liquid lava, debris, ash and gases into the environment. These eruptions contribute to the various hazardous events that take place on the Earth’s surface. They can lead to glacier bursts, mud flows, and acid rain.

Disaster Management

Home — Essay Samples — Environment — Earthquake — The natural disaster: Earthquake

The Natural Disaster: Earthquake

• Categories: Earthquake Natural Disasters

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Words: 477 |

Published: Dec 5, 2018

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The Impacts of Natural Disasters: A Framework for Loss Estimation (1999)

Chapter: 4 conclusions and recommendations, 4 conclusions and recommendations.

This report has explained the gaps in our knowledge of natural disaster losses and why these gaps should be filled. Poor knowledge of the resulting economic losses hinders implementation of effective disaster mitigation policies and emergency response programs. Better loss estimates would benefit federal, state, and local governments, insurers, scientists and researchers, and private citizens (both as taxpayers and insurance purchasers).

It is clear that data on economic losses of natural disasters to the nation are incomplete and spread widely across the public and private sectors. Information on both direct and indirect costs is lacking. If data on uninsured direct losses are limited, our understanding of indirect losses is even more incomplete. These indirect losses are clearly difficult to identify and measure. However, in large disasters they may be significant and, within the immediately affected regions, potentially greater than the direct losses due to physical destruction, especially in large disasters.

Losses Versus Costs

In generating a national indicator of disaster damage, the focus should be upon the losses resulting from disasters, rather than costs. Losses encompass a broader set of damages than costs. Losses include direct physical destruction to property, infrastructure, and crops, plus indirect losses that are the consequence of disasters, such as temporary unemployment and lost business. Costs typically refer only to cash payouts from insurers and governments. The term "losses," as defined above, better portrays the true economic impacts of disasters.

Direct Losses: Data Collection, Reporting, and Agency and Organizational Roles

One step toward producing more complete loss estimates would be to assign one agency of the federal government to compile a comprehensive data base identifying the direct costs of natural disasters, as well as the individuals and groups who bear these costs. These data should be collected according to the framework described in Chapter 2 , for each natural disaster exceeding a given dollar loss threshold. The U.S. Department of Commerce's Bureau of Economic Analysis appears to have the capabilities to compile such a data base, with considerable input and assistance from FEMA and other relevant federal agencies. Whatever agency is selected should be given sufficient resources to accomplish this assignment.

The recommended loss estimate data base would be compiled from many sources, including organizations such as Property Claims Services and the Institute for Business and Home Safety (which compile data on paid insurance claims) and other federal, state, and local agencies. The assistance of relevant professional associations, such as the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, should be enlisted to obtain other relevant data. A synthesis report containing data on disaster losses should be published periodically, preferably annually. One way the federal government might make sure it receives at least the state and local data is by amending the Stafford Act, requiring the data to be submitted as a condition for future federal disaster aid.

A related recommendation is for the federal Office of Management and Budget, with advice from FEMA, to develop annual, comprehensive estimates of the payouts for the direct losses (due directly physical damage) made by federal agencies. These data should be divided into at least four categories:

• compensation payments to individuals and businesses (including subsidies on loans to help cover disaster-related expenses);
• response costs;
• losses to government-owned infrastructure (including state and local costs that are reimbursed by the federal government); and,
• payouts from federal disaster insurance programs (with annual premiums shown separately).

These data should be assembled for some historic period in order to provide information of trends of disaster losses and payouts. Such an effort is critical if the federal government and policymakers are to better plan for future disaster-related expenditures, including mitigation programs and activities.

The largest current gap in direct loss data involves uninsured losses borne by businesses and individuals. These data might be obtained through post-event sampling (in large disasters) and extrapolating these losses from other data

bases. Data from loan applicants to the SBA's disaster relief program or data from insurers like PCS would indicate the deductibles paid by insured businesses and individuals.

Indirect Losses: Modeling the Losses and Constructing a Loss Data Base

Indirect losses in natural disasters stem from the consequences of physical damage (direct losses). Physical damages in disasters typically initiate events that alter economic flows. Businesses may be disrupted after a disaster due to damaged infrastructure (power, water, transportation, communications), and many workers may be temporarily unemployed. These indirect losses have not been studied or measured as closely as direct losses, largely because they are notoriously difficult to identify and accurately measure.

Due to the limited sources of indirect loss data, statistical models are often used to compile indirect loss estimates. Though these models may help address problems due to a lack of available data, they must become more reliable if they are to be used as guides in setting mitigation and other hazard-related policies.

If this is to occur, however, accurate, firsthand (primary) data on indirect losses must be available for model calibration and validation. The recommended data collection and coordination program should thus also include surveys for the collection of detailed primary data on indirect economic losses from recent disasters (again, sufficient resources for this effort must be budgeted). Once a sufficiently reliable data base of these indirect losses has been generated, the agency should continue to collect indirect loss data on large disasters—those with model estimates of greater than $10 billion in losses. While the indirect loss data base is being constructed, efforts toward more effective uses of secondary data (data generated for purposes other than indirect loss estimation, such as unemployment insurance payouts) should be continued. We thus recommend that an assessment of methods for estimating indirect losses with secondary data be conducted.

It is important to understand the timing of economic disruptions that trigger indirect losses in order to plan for efficient emergency responses and to assess the cost-effectiveness of alternate mitigation strategies. The committee recommends that a microsimulation model be developed to create a timeline of regional commercial and industrial closures. Other models that should be devised include a formal restoration model and a comprehensive indirect loss model.

Moving Toward Better Knowledge of Disaster Losses

The lack of accurate information on these losses is a barrier to more effective hazard mitigation. As a step toward improving mitigation programs, efforts at centralizing these data and compiling better loss estimates must be strengthened. The federal government and private sector should combine their knowledge and data in providing better estimates of direct losses. The federal government must mount and back a significant data collection and research effort if better estimates of losses due to disasters are to be compiled, especially indirect losses. With a strong commitment, this could be accomplished within the next ten years. Until relatively accurate estimates are available, the true economic losses in natural disasters will remain poorly understood and the benefits of disaster mitigation activities only imprecisely evaluated.

We in the United States have almost come to accept natural disasters as part of our nation's social fabric. News of property damage, economic and social disruption, and injuries follow earthquakes, fires, floods and hurricanes. Surprisingly, however, the total losses that follow these natural disasters are not consistently calculated. We have no formal system in either the public or private sector for compiling this information. The National Academies recommends what types of data should be assembled and tracked.

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Natural Disaster Outline

Directions: Type your outline following this format.

• Title (Make it interesting):

How to Prepare for an Earthquake

• Start with an intriguing question or a surprising fact:

The earth experiences approximately 500,000 earthquakes per year as detected by relevant instruments.  About a 100 of these earthquakes cause destruction, and 100,000 can be felt.

• Why should your reader care about this natural disaster? Why is this natural disaster a problem? (Briefly explain the problem, saving more details for later.)

People need to get more information about earthquakes so that are aware of what to do in case one strikes. Over the years, earthquakes have caused a lot of deaths, some of which could have been avoided.

• Write your thesis statement (How can people be prepared for this natural disaster?):

People can be prepared for earthquakes by identifying safe places to spend their time, store vital supplies and plan how to communicate with family members during the earthquake.

• Define the natural disaster (example: What is avolcano? ).

”An earthquake is a geological event in which rock masses below the surface of the earth suddenly shift, releasing energy and sending out strong vibrations to the surface” ( Environmental Encyclopedia ).

• What causes this natural disaster?

Most of the earthquakes are normally caused by movements occurring along fault lines, which can be regarded as fractures in the earth’s crust.

• What source(s) are you using for this section of your paper?

“Earthquake.” Environmental Encyclopedia . Gale, 2011. Opposing Viewpoints in Context . Web. 25 Apr. 2016.

“Earthquakes.” Ready . Department of Homeland Security, n.d. Web. 25 Apr. 2016.

Earthquakes result to destruction of property. In 1960, the earthquake that occurred in Chile resulted to $675 million damage of property.

              Earthquakes end up killing people. In 2010, the earthquake in Haiti killed between 250,000 to 300,000 people.

• (Optional) Problem 3:

  Earthquakes also have a tendency of displacing people since millions are usually left homeless once they strike. The cases in Haiti and Chile are good examples.

• What source(s) are you using for this section of your paper? (You can re-use sources)
• Preparation before :

  People should ensure that the places they spend their time are safe , should have a family emergency communication plan and ensure they store critical supplies.

• Preparation during:

  People should remain in their initial positions until the tremors stop and should be on their hands and knees to avoid the possibility of being knocked down.

• Preparation after:

  One should search for safety once the shaking has stopped, or call out for help if trapped.

• (Optional) Explain how the government or other organizations can help before or after a natural disaster .

After the earthquake, the government should inform people on what to do, and take all the necessary steps to help the affected people.

• What source(s) are you using for this section of your paper?(You can re-use sources)
• Restate the main problems :

  i).Earthquakes result to destruction of property. In 1960, the earthquake that occurred in Chile resulted to $675 million damage of property.

ii).Earthquakes end up killing people. In 2010, the earthquake in Haiti killed between 250,000 to 300,000 people.

iii).Earthquakes also have a tendency of displacing people since millions are usually left homeless they strike. The cases in Haiti and Chile are good examples.

• Restate the main solutions:

  i).People should ensure that the places they spend their time are safe, should have a family emergency communication plan and ensure they store critical supplies.

ii). People should remain in their initial positions until the tremors stop and should be on their hands and knees to avoid the possibility of being knocked down.

iii). One should search for safety once the shaking has stopped, or call out for help if trapped.

• Give your readers advice on what they should do,
• OR Give a prediction (if X happens, then Y will follow)

In case there is an earthquake, people should remain in their initial positions until the tremors stop and should be on their hands and knees to avoid the possibility of being knocked down.

• Works Cited (list all your sources here again, in MLA format. Check Bb for a Works Cited page.)

  Do you need an Original High Quality Academic Custom Essay ?

NT budget reveals record net debt of more than $11 billion, with big hit to mining royalties

Analysis NT budget reveals record net debt of more than $11 billion, with big hit to mining royalties

If the Northern Territory was a small business, it'd be in serious financial trouble.

The newly released NT budget for 2024-25 reveals the jurisdiction is tipping into record levels of net debt at more than $11 billion for the looming financial year.

For the number-crunchers out there, that's about $42,649 per Northern Territory resident, per year.

And that's predicted to worsen by more than a billion in the next three years ahead.

The debt has risen far above predicted levels from last year due primarily to NT government spending – roads, infrastructure, hundreds of millions more for police, more for education.

Chief Minister and Treasurer Eva Lawler conceded in her budget speech on Tuesday morning that it was "not a glamorous budget".

"You cannot just breathe hot air on the issues and given them a bit of shine with your t-shirt," Ms Lawler said.

The territory leader's point refers to her government's hefty spends on the difficult issues of remote housing, health, education and on the police force.

The long-term intergenerational challenges of the territory have never been glamorous.

But there are also alarming indications that the NT's financial situation is going to get much more difficult before it improves – and it won't be easily solved by government spending.

Huge public service, lower mining royalties

Of this year's NT budget, 41 per cent of the government's overall operating expenses came from its huge public service base of around 22,000 people.

The budget papers say it's "the territory's largest expenditure".

In recent years, this Labor government has attempted to place caps and pay freezes on its departments and executives, but yet public service employee costs continue to stay high.

There's also the issue of falling mining royalties to help cover these daunting costs.

In the past year, Cyclone Megan caused significant damage at mines on Groote Eylandt and McArthur River, which due to prolonged closures saw a royalty drop of around $191 million.

While this was a freak occurrence caused by natural disaster, it may be a harbinger of things to come when revenue-raising mines on Groote and in Gove close for good around 2030.

Unless the NT sees substantial new private sector projects and changes to its public service, it's hard to envision a way that it can ever manage to claw its way out of its huge financial hole.

Chief minister's 'commonsense' budget refrain

Ms Lawler repeated the phrase in her speech on Tuesday that her latest financial output is a "commonsense" budget for territorians "to lower crime and improve community safety".

She says it's not an election budget – but it's hard to argue against this being precisely what it is, especially with the huge spends on hundreds more police and two new prisons.

Despite having a new chief minister, the third in three years , this is the same Labor government that has now been in parliament for nearly eight years.

Where were those "commonsense" spends on these same departments last year?

At the time, Ms Lawler was criticised for low spends on police and education.

She can argue that there was a recent police resources review that guided her team to make the latest budget boost, but the public sentiment to do more for public safety is nothing new.

The NT government is now trying to convince the population that it has read the room and is focused on delivering change to high crime rates and low economic activity.

"Saying simple slogans will not change outcomes for people in the territory," Ms Lawler said.

"We need a responsible budget that sets us up for long-term fixes."

What budget 2024 doesn't do is show any viable pathway forward to shed the seemingly impossible levels of long-term debt the territory is shooting towards at full pelt.

Whichever party wins the election in August has an unenviable task ahead.

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Bank of Japan Accounts (May 10, 2024)

May 14, 2024 Bank of Japan

• Coins reserved for circulation.
• Comprises the following types, in dematerialized or physical form: (1) commercial paper issued by domestic corporations; (2) commercial paper issued by foreign corporations with guarantees (dematerialized only); (3) asset-backed commercial paper; and (4) commercial paper issued by real estate investment corporations.
• Includes bonds issued by real estate investment corporations.
• Stocks purchased from financial institutions through a trust bank.
• Beneficiary interests in index-linked exchange-traded funds purchased through a trust bank.
• Investment equity issued by real estate investment corporations purchased through a trust bank.
• Foreign currency deposits held at foreign central banks and the Bank for International Settlements, securities issued by foreign governments, foreign currency mutual funds, and foreign currency loans, such as (1) loans by U.S. dollar funds-supplying operations against pooled collateral and (2) loans pursuant to the special rules for the U.S. dollar lending arrangement to enhance the fund-provisioning measure to support strengthening the foundations for economic growth conducted through the loan support program.
• Deposits held at agents that conduct operations relating to treasury funds and Japanese government securities on behalf of the Bank of Japan. These deposits are reserved for such operations.
• Deposits held by foreign central banks and others.
• Includes miscellaneous liabilities and current income (net accumulated profits). For reports at the beginning of the fiscal year, net income for the previous fiscal year is also included prior to its appropriation.

(Annex Table 1)

(Annex Table 2)

• The figure for the loans other than those pursuant to the special rules for the U.S. dollar lending arrangement is included in "Loans" as Assets, and that for the loans pursuant to the special rules for the U.S. dollar lending arrangement is included in "Foreign currency assets" as Assets.

(Annex Table 3)

Key takeaways as ex-Trump lawyer Michael Cohen testifies in New York trial

Cohen testifies in former president’s hush-money trial about efforts to quash negative stories before 2016 election.

Michael Cohen, the key prosecution witness in Donald Trump’s hush-money case, has testified against the former United States president in one of the most widely anticipated days in court since the trial began .

Cohen, Trump’s former personal lawyer and fixer, told the court on Monday that he lied and bullied on behalf of his former boss.

Keep reading

Star witness cohen testifies against trump in hush money trial, michael cohen heads to court to testify against ex-boss donald trump, five takeaways from day 15 of donald trump’s new york hush-money trial.

“It was what was needed in order to accomplish the task,” said Cohen, periodically glancing over at Trump, who was slouched in his chair at the defendant’s table in the New York City courtroom.

Prosecutors have accused Trump of falsifying business records related to hush-money payments made before the 2016 election, which he won.

The prosecution’s case hinges on a $130,000 payment Cohen made to adult film star Stormy Daniels before the vote, in an effort to keep her from speaking publicly about a 2006 sexual encounter she says she had with Trump.

The former president has denied that any such encounter took place. He also has rejected the charges against him as politically motivated. The trial has come as Trump campaigns for re-election in November.

Here are the key takeaways from Cohen’s testimony on day 16 of the trial.

Cohen says he did ‘whatever’ Trump wanted

Cohen, 57, testified on Monday that it was fair to describe his role as being a fixer for Trump, testifying that he took care of “whatever he wanted”.

Rather than work as a traditional corporate lawyer, Cohen reported directly to Trump and was never part of the general counsel’s office for the Trump Organization.

Among his duties were renegotiating bills from business partners, threatening to sue people and planting positive stories in the press, he said.

Trump, he added, communicated primarily by phone or in person and never set up an email address.

“He would comment that emails are like written papers, that he knows too many people who have gone down as a direct result of having emails that prosecutors can use in a case,” Cohen said.

Cohen details effort to quash bad press

Cohen testified that — at a meeting in 2015 with Trump and David Pecker , then-publisher of the National Enquirer — the trio discussed using the supermarket tabloid to boost Trump’s candidacy while attacking his rivals.

According to the testimony, Trump told Pecker to let Cohen know if he became aware of negative press that might arise, and the three men agreed that Pecker would try to suppress any such stories.

As Trump prepared to announce his campaign for president, he allegedly told Cohen that there would be “a lot of women coming forward”.

Cohen further explained that, as Trump’s then-lawyer, he sought to harness the power of the National Enquirer for his boss’s benefit, given its high visibility next to the cash registers at tens of thousands of supermarkets across the US.

He testified that he went to Trump immediately after the National Enquirer alerted him to a story being peddled about an alleged affair with former Playboy model Karen McDougal.

Cohen recalled going to Trump’s office and asking him if he knew McDougal or anything about the story. Cohen said Trump then told him to make sure that the story doesn’t get released.

Cohen said he thought the story would have a “significant” impact on Trump’s presidential campaign if it were to be published.

The McDougal news came shortly after the National Enquirer paid $30,000 to squash a doorman’s false rumour that Trump had a child out of wedlock. “You handle it,” Cohen remembers Trump telling him after learning that the doorman had come forward.

Cohen’s testimony on Monday echoed similar claims from Pecker, the publisher, earlier in the trial. Pecker testified about the so-called “catch-and-kill” scheme to suppress stories that could negatively affect Trump before the 2016 vote.

Publisher pressed him for reimbursement, Cohen says

After the National Enquirer paid $150,000 to suppress McDougal’s story, Cohen testified that the tabloid’s publisher was hounding him to get Trump to reimburse him for the cost.

Cohen recounted meeting Pecker at his favourite Italian restaurant and the publisher being upset about not being repaid for burying the story about Trump’s alleged affair with the ex-Playboy model.

Pecker was concerned, Cohen said, that “it was too much money for him to hide from the CEO of the parent company” and he’d already laid out $30,000 to suppress the doorman’s story.

Cohen added that, at some point, Pecker had also expressed to him that his company, American Media Inc, had a “file drawer — or a locked drawer as he described it — where files related to Mr Trump were located”.

Cohen said he was concerned because the publisher’s relationship with Trump went back years and that Pecker was in the running to head another media company. Cohen feared what would happen to the files if Pecker left.

Trump furious at Daniels’ claims, Cohen says

Cohen also told jurors on Monday that Trump was furious that Daniels, the adult film star, was shopping a story about the sexual encounter she says she had with the ex-president.

“He said to me, ‘This is a disaster, a total disaster. Women are going to hate me,'” Cohen testified. “‘Guys, they think it’s cool, but this is going to be a disaster for the campaign.'”

Cohen explained he learned that Daniels was selling her story at a critical moment for Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign. An audio recording had just been leaked from the TV show Access Hollywood, in which Trump bragged about grabbing women’s genitals .

The tape left the Trump campaign scrambling to contain the damage only weeks before Election Day in November 2016.

The ex-president’s defence team has suggested the payment to Daniels could have been made to spare Trump and his family embarrassment, not to boost his campaign. But Cohen testified that Trump appeared solely concerned with the effect on his presidential bid.

“He wasn’t thinking about Melania. This was all about the campaign,” said Cohen, referring to Trump’s wife. At the defence table, Trump shook his head.

Cohen added that he recalled Trump saying, “Just get past the election, because if I win, it will have no relevance because I’m the president, and if I lose, I won’t really care.”

‘Just do it,’ Cohen says Trump told him

Cohen also provided detailed testimony about the hush-money payment that he made to Daniels, which is at the heart of the prosecution’s case.

Cohen said Trump urged him to delay sending payment to Daniels’s lawyer until after the election, telling him that the story would no longer matter. In October 2016, with Daniels’s story about to come out, Cohen said Trump told him to finally pay up.

“He expressed to me: Just do it,” Cohen testified, saying Trump advised him to meet Trump Organization executive Allen Weisselberg and figure it out. Weisselberg baulked at paying, however, so Cohen said he decided to come up with the money himself.

“I ultimately said, ‘OK, I’ll pay it,’” Cohen testified, explaining that he resisted paying out of his own pocket, but eventually relented after Trump promised him, “You’ll get the money back.”

Trump’s lawyers have argued that Cohen acted on his own, a notion he rejected on the witness stand. “Everything required Mr Trump’s sign-off,” Cohen said on Monday.

Cohen also described during his testimony how he set up a shell company — falsely listed as a “real estate consulting company” — to facilitate the payment through a bank across the street from Trump Tower.

Prosecutors showed phone records to jurors indicating that Cohen called Trump’s line twice on the morning he visited the bank.

Trump’s defence team is expected to challenge Cohen’s credibility during cross-examination later this week and paint him as a liar who cannot be trusted.

Cohen pleaded guilty in 2018 to federal charges related to the hush-money payments, as well as for lying to Congress. He was sentenced to three years in prison.

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State Cannabis Director to Step Down as Governor Orders Overhaul

The departure of Chris Alexander, an architect of legalization in New York, follows a report that was critical of his leadership.

By Ashley Southall

The head of New York State’s cannabis agency will step down at the end of his three-year term in September as part of an overhaul of the embattled agency, Gov. Kathy Hochul said on Friday.

The governor made the announcement at a news conference in Albany where the official, Chris Alexander, the executive director of the Office of Cannabis Management, was notably absent. It came after a task force found a startup-like culture at the agency contributed to “confusion, difficulty and delay” in the rollout of the state’s legal market, according to a report released on Friday.

The report was ordered by Gov. Hochul in March after she declared the rollout a “disaster.” It cited inexperience among the agency’s leadership as one of the critical factors undermining the agency’s ability to expand the market with more licensed retailers and deliver the promised benefits of legalization.

However, at the news conference on Friday, Gov. Hochul insisted her changes were not about assigning blame.

“It’s about pointing O.C.M. in a new direction and implementing solutions that work for everyone,” she said.

Mr. Alexander was attending a meeting of the Cannabis Control Board, which oversees his agency, and could not be reached for comment on Friday. The Office of Cannabis Management did not immediately respond to an email seeking comment.

Speculation about the departure of Mr. Alexander, an architect of the law that in 2021 legalized recreational cannabis in New York, had been brewing since the governor began publicly expressing her disappointment with the rollout. Both critics and supporters of the agency saw the review as the justification for a change in leadership, and reports circulated suggesting that she had asked Mr. Alexander to step aside.

“The governor has been tremendously embarrassed by this,” Jeffrey Hoffman, a cannabis lawyer, said. “I do think that once this report comes out, there’s going to be very serious discussions in the halls of power of what kind of changes are going to be made,” he added.

The review paints the clearest picture yet of a licensing process that has been criticized as clunky and opaque. and of an embattled agency. It also outlines ways to clear roadblocks that have helped the illicit market steal the advantage the state had intended for small businesses and people who were harmed by the war on drugs.

There are just 122 recreational dispensaries open across the state, while officials say the number of illicit shops in New York City alone has nearly doubled to 2,900. At the end of April, more than 5.600 applications, mostly for retail and craft businesses that submitted them as far back as August 2022, were still waiting to be reviewed.

The report describes a licensing team that is understaffed and a scattered review process that leaves applicants in the dark. It recommends doubling the number of staff members devoted to licensing, developing a public dashboard to show the status of licenses and issuing formal denials rather than leaving applicants in limbo.

Jeanette Moy, the commissioner of the Office of General Services, who led the review, said that 90 percent of applications required corrections, a staggering figure that underscores the complexity of the process and the inadequacy of the agency’s guidance to employees and the public.

“We have to fix the process. We have to clear the backlog. We need to get these legal cannabis stores up and going,” she said in an interview.

The report acknowledged that the agency had worked quickly under difficult circumstances to get the legal market up and running. But a “perceived uniqueness of the agency’s work” is “a significant cultural roadblock to its willingness to adopt processes and systems that have proved successful elsewhere.”

As a result, the state has lost months of time and millions of dollars that were spent developing several software systems that could have been adapted from other agencies, the report said.

But the report immediately drew backlash from critics who said it painted an incomplete portrait. Some said it omitted or glossed over the role of the governor, the Legislature and the many lawsuits against the agency in the challenges facing the cannabis program.

“I know for a fact that the executive director was consistently asking for more staff and more help, and they were completely ignored,” State Senator Liz Krueger, a co-author of the cannabis law, said. “So I feel like the governor should have done this 18 months ago. And I wish that they had listened to the agency.”

At the Cannabis Control Board meeting on Friday, members expressed frustration that they had not seen the report before its findings were published by The New York Times.

Adam W. Perry, a business and employment lawyer who sits on the board, said that it was unusual that the board was not allowed to review the report and give feedback.

Ms. Moy’s review did not look at one of the most significant obstacles to the rollout, which was the state’s failure to deliver on promised low-interest loans and leased storefronts for the first 150 licensed dispensaries. Fewer than 30 dispensaries have opened with the assistance.

The idea had been suggested of the state Dormitory Authority, who received approval of Gov. Hochul to set up a loan fund over the objections of the Office of Cannabis Management. The fund struggled for months to secure just one investor, and when it did, the loan terms it offered dispensaries were criticized as predatory .

The fund’s failure forced the Office of Cannabis Management to pivot to issue more licenses than initially planned, which fueled lawsuits from people and businesses that had been left out of the initial round of licensing.

The current waiting list includes 1,200 business that submitted applications last fall and spent thousands of dollars to secure properties where they intended to set up shop. Regulators promised them an expedited review, but that was impossible because the cannabis agency had the capacity to vet only 75 applications at a time, Ms. Moy said. Regulators also denied an additional 309 applications without telling the applicants, some of whom have waited almost two years for a decision, the report said.

The Office of Cannabis Management already appears to be making some changes based on the review. For the first time on Thursday, the agency recommended that its board vote on denying some licenses — a move that Ms. Moy said was aimed at giving those applicants “closure.” But at a meeting on Friday, the control board set the issue aside.

The board approved a policy, proposed by the agency at the behest of the governor’s office, that would require regulators to review all 1,200 of the applications from people who have secured locations before moving on to the remaining applicants.

Critics say the policy gives people with the resources to obtain real estate an unfair advantage over those who have a harder time getting funding and leases or mortgages. The applicants who would be at a disadvantage are more likely to be low-income applicants from neighborhoods hit hardest by arrests, whom the cannabis law gives the most priority in licensing. But supporters say the move is necessary because the state urgently needs to open more stores.

Grace Ashford contributed reporting

Ashley Southall writes about cannabis legalization in New York. More about Ashley Southall

Politics in the New York Region

Office of Cannabis Management: The head of New York State’s cannabis agency will step down at the end of his three-year term in September as part of an overhaul of the embattled agency , Gov. Kathy Hochul said.

A Thorny Mayoral Race: Zellnor Myrie, an Afro-Latino state senator from Brooklyn known for backing progressive causes, announced that he is moving to challenge  Mayor Eric Adams in next year’s Democratic primary in New York City.

Special House Election: Timothy Kennedy, a Democratic New York State senator, easily won a special House election  to replace a retiring congressman in western New York, narrowing the Republican majority in Washington.

A $237 Billion Budget: Hochul and New York City emerged as two of the winners from a budget process that blew past the April 1 deadline. Here’s a look at how things went .

Concessions From N.Y. Lawmakers: Hochul used the budget to wedge in contentious issues  like extending Adams’s control over New York City schools.