dental health essay in english

Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Dentistry — The Importance Of Oral Health

The Importance of Oral Health

• Categories: Dentistry Medicare

About this sample

Words: 1213 |

Published: Nov 26, 2019

Words: 1213 | Pages: 3 | 7 min read

Cite this Essay

Let us write you an essay from scratch

• 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
• Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Get high-quality help

Dr Jacklynne

Verified writer

• Expert in: Nursing & Health

+ 120 experts online

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

Related Essays

6 pages / 2570 words

2 pages / 1059 words

2 pages / 891 words

2 pages / 994 words

Remember! This is just a sample.

You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers.

121 writers online

Still can’t find what you need?

Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled

Related Essays on Dentistry

Effective communication lies at the heart of any successful healthcare practice, and the dental office is no exception. The dental office is a unique setting where skilled clinical care meets patient interaction. This essay [...]

When asked, “Why do you want to be a dentist?”, one common answer is “they make so much money, and they get to make their own schedules.” Although those are perks that dentists receive, that was not what drew me to dentistry. I [...]

Dental hygiene is a vital component of healthcare that focuses on promoting oral health and preventing dental diseases. Dental hygienists play a crucial role in educating patients about proper oral hygiene practices, conducting [...]

Dental hygiene is a crucial aspect of overall health, and as a dental hygienist, you play a vital role in ensuring that patients maintain good oral health. To be successful in this field, it is essential to possess a combination [...]

The mouth is the first segment of the digestive system and an airway for the respiratory system. It also contains taste buds and aids in speech production. The oral cavity is a short passage bordered by the lips, hard palate, [...]

Image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple segments and often used to locate objects and boundaries (lines, curves etc.). In this paper, we have proposed image segmentation techniques: [...]

Related Topics

By clicking “Send”, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement . We will occasionally send you account related emails.

Where do you want us to send this sample?

By clicking “Continue”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy.

Be careful. This essay is not unique

This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before

Download this Sample

Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts

Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper.

Please check your inbox.

We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Let's fix your grades together!

Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

• Instructions Followed To The Letter
• Deadlines Met At Every Stage
• Unique And Plagiarism Free

Appointments at Mayo Clinic

• Adult health

Oral health: A window to your overall health

Your oral health is more important than you might realize. Learn how the health of your mouth, teeth and gums can affect your general health.

Did you know that your oral health offers clues about your overall health? Did you know that problems in the mouth can affect the rest of the body? Protect yourself by learning more about the link between your oral health and overall health.

What's the link between oral health and overall health?

Like other areas of the body, the mouth is full of germs. Those germs are mostly harmless. But the mouth is the entry to the digestive tract. That's the long tube of organs from the mouth to the anus that food travels through. The mouth also is the entry to the organs that allow breathing, called the respiratory tracts. So sometimes germs in the mouth can lead to disease throughout the body.

Most often the body's defenses and good oral care keep germs under control. Good oral care includes daily brushing and flossing. Without good oral hygiene, germs can reach levels that might lead to infections, such as tooth decay and gum disease.

Also, certain medicines can lower the flow of spit, called saliva. Those medicines include decongestants, antihistamines, painkillers, water pills and antidepressants. Saliva washes away food and keeps the acids germs make in the mouth in balance. This helps keep germs from spreading and causing disease.

Oral germs and oral swelling and irritation, called inflammation, are linked to a severe form of gum disease, called periodontitis. Studies suggest that these germs and inflammation might play a role in some diseases. And certain diseases, such as diabetes and HIV/AIDS, can lower the body's ability to fight infection. That can make oral health problems worse.

What conditions can be linked to oral health?

Your oral health might play a part in conditions such as:

• Endocarditis. This is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers or valves, called endocardium. It most often happens when germs from another part of the body, such as the mouth, spread through the blood and attach to certain areas in the heart. Infection of the endocardium is rare. But it can be fatal.
• Cardiovascular disease. Some research suggests that heart disease, clogged arteries and stroke might be linked to the inflammation and infections that oral germs can cause.
• Pregnancy and birth complications. Gum disease called periodontitis has been linked to premature birth and low birth weight.
• Pneumonia. Certain germs in the mouth can go into the lungs. This may cause pneumonia and other respiratory diseases.

Certain health conditions also might affect oral health, including:

Diabetes. Diabetes makes the body less able to fight infection. So diabetes can put the gums at risk. Gum disease seems to happen more often and be more serious in people who have diabetes.

Research shows that people who have gum disease have a harder time controlling their blood sugar levels. Regular dental care can improve diabetes control.

• HIV/AIDS. Oral problems, such as painful mouth sores called mucosal lesions, are common in people who have HIV/AIDS.
• Cancer. A number of cancers have been linked to gum disease. These include cancers of the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast, prostate gland and uterus.
• Alzheimer's disease. As Alzheimer's disease gets worse, oral health also tends to get worse.

Other conditions that might be linked to oral health include eating disorders, rheumatoid arthritis and an immune system condition that causes dry mouth called Sjogren's syndrome.

Tell your dentist about the medicines you take. And make sure your dentist knows about any changes in your overall health. This includes recent illnesses or ongoing conditions you may have, such as diabetes.

How can I protect my oral health?

To protect your oral health, take care of your mouth every day.

• Brush your teeth at least twice a day for two minutes each time. Use a brush with soft bristles and fluoride toothpaste. Brush your tongue too.
• Clean between your teeth daily with floss, a water flosser or other products made for that purpose.
• Eat a healthy diet and limit sugary food and drinks.
• Replace your toothbrush every 3 to 4 months. Do it sooner if bristles are worn or flare out.
• See a dentist at least once a year for checkups and cleanings. Your dentist may suggest visits or cleanings more often, depending on your situation. You might be sent to a gum specialist, called a periodontist, if your gums need more care.
• Don't use tobacco.

Contact your dentist right away if you notice any oral health problems. Taking care of your oral health protects your overall health.

There is a problem with information submitted for this request. Review/update the information highlighted below and resubmit the form.

From Mayo Clinic to your inbox

Sign up for free and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips, current health topics, and expertise on managing health. Click here for an email preview.

Error Email field is required

Error Include a valid email address

To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with other information we have about you. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could include protected health information. If we combine this information with your protected health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of privacy practices. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the e-mail.

Thank you for subscribing!

You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox.

Sorry something went wrong with your subscription

Please, try again in a couple of minutes

• Gross EL. Oral and systemic health. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Feb. 1, 2024.
• Oral health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/oral-health. Accessed Feb. 1, 2024.
• Gill SA, et al. Integrating oral health into health professions school curricula. Medical Education Online. 2022; doi:10.1080/10872981.2022.2090308.
• Mark AM. For the patient: Caring for your gums. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2023; doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2023.09.012.
• Tonelli A, et al. The oral microbiome and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2023; doi:10.1038/s41569-022-00825-3.
• Gum disease and other diseases. The American Academy of Periodontology. https://www.perio.org/for-patients/gum-disease-information/gum-disease-and-other-diseases/. Accessed Feb 1, 2024.
• Gum disease prevention. The American Academy of Periodontology. https://www.perio.org/for-patients/gum-disease-information/gum-disease-prevention/. Accessed Feb. 1, 2024.
• Oral health topics: Toothbrushes. American Dental Association. https://www.ada.org/resources/research/science-and-research-institute/oral-health-topics/toothbrushes. Accessed Feb. 1, 2024.
• Issrani R, et al. Exploring the mechanisms and association between oral microflora and systemic diseases. Diagnostics. 2022; doi:10.3390/diagnostics12112800.
• HIV/AIDS & oral health. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/hiv-aids. Accessed Feb. 1, 2024.
• Dental floss vs. water flosser
• Dry mouth relief
• Sensitive teeth
• When to brush your teeth

Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission.

• Opportunities

Mayo Clinic Press

Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press .

• Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic on Incontinence
• The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press The Essential Diabetes Book
• Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance
• FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment
• Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book
• Healthy Lifestyle
• Oral health A window to your overall health

Your gift holds great power – donate today!

Make your tax-deductible gift and be a part of the cutting-edge research and care that's changing medicine.

Online Learn

The crucial role of dental health: a comprehensive guide, introduction to dental health.

Maintaining optimal dental health is fundamental to overall well-being. It not only ensures a healthy mouth and smile but also guards against various diseases that can impact general health. This article delves into the importance of dental health, outlining preventative measures, restorative treatments, and specific considerations for teens regarding wisdom teeth.

Preventative Measures for Dental Health

Regular dental check-ups and cleanings.

Visiting a dentist every six months for check-ups and professional cleanings is pivotal. These visits help in early detection of potential issues, preventing them from escalating into serious problems. The amount of time you can leave a cavity untreated depends upon the circumstances , so it’s always a good idea to see a dentist regularly for early detection.

Proper Oral Hygiene Practices

Daily brushing with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, and using an antiseptic mouthwash form the cornerstone of oral hygiene. These practices reduce the risk of cavities, gum disease, and other oral health issues.

Balanced Diet for Oral Health

A balanced diet low in sugary snacks and beverages can significantly reduce tooth decay. Foods rich in calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D are essential for healthy teeth and gums.

Wisdom Teeth Challenges in Teens

Impacted Wisdom Teeth

Many teens face issues with wisdom teeth, including impaction, where the teeth do not emerge properly or are misaligned. This can lead to pain, infection, and damage to adjacent teeth.

The Need for Removal

In many cases, the removal of wisdom teeth is necessary to prevent complications. Early evaluation and intervention are key to managing these challenges effectively, and for financial planning. It can be costly for patients who need their wisdom teeth removed but don’t have insurance to cover it.

Common Restorative Treatments

Fillings and crowns.

Fillings are used to repair cavities, while crowns are employed to cover and protect damaged teeth. Both treatments restore the functionality and appearance of teeth.

Root Canal Therapy

This procedure treats infected or inflamed pulp inside a tooth, preserving the tooth’s structure and preventing the need for extraction.

Dental Implants and Bridges

For missing teeth, implants and bridges offer effective solutions, improving oral function and aesthetics.

Conclusion on Good Dental Health Practices

Maintaining dental health is a multifaceted endeavor that encompasses regular dental visits, diligent oral hygiene, a nutritious diet, and timely restorative treatments. For teens, addressing wisdom teeth issues proactively is crucial to avoid complications. Embracing these practices not only ensures a healthy mouth but also contributes significantly to overall health and well-being.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry pp 1–26 Cite as

Introduction to Dentistry and Oral Health

• Khalid Shaikh 7 ,
• Sreelekshmi Vivek Bekal 8 ,
• Hesham Fathi Ahmed Marei 9 ,
• Walid Shaaban Moustafa Elsayed 9 ,
• Dusan Surdilovic 9 &
• Lubna Abdel Jawad 9  
• First Online: 06 December 2022

469 Accesses

Dentistry is believed to be the oldest speciality of Medicine which underwent continuous evolution to emerge as one of the avant-garde domain. Inarguably, good oral health is integral to general health and wellbeing. This chapter provides an illuminating introduction to Dentistry and Oral health. Besides the accredited definitions, this chapter explores the history of dentistry along with the technological evolution through ages and the current specialities of Dentistry. It also sheds light on the key facts of Oral Health and Oral Health Literacy in addition to the determinants.

• Oral health
• Dentistry history
• Dentistry specialities
• Oral health determinants
• Oral health literacy

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution .

Buying options

• Available as PDF
• Read on any device
• Instant download
• Own it forever
• Available as EPUB and PDF
• Compact, lightweight edition
• Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
• Free shipping worldwide - see info
• Durable hardcover edition

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, ADA Definition of Dentistry (1997) http://www.centreoms.com/admin/storage/news/ADA%20Definition%20of%20OMS%20and%20Dentisry.pdf

Kamen S, Dorfman J, Connor RA, Ring ME (2018 Jan 4) dentistry. In: Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/dentistry . Accessed 5 December 2021

Wikipedia Contributors. Dentistry. In: Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dentistry; https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dentistry&oldid=1083404240; https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dentistry&oldid=1083404240"oldid=1083404240 . Accessed 21 Apr 2022

Richards D, Lawrence A (1995) Evidence based dentistry. Br Dent J 179:270–273. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4808896

Article   Google Scholar  

Chiappelli F (2019) Evidence-based dentistry: two decades and beyond. J Evid Based Dent Pract 19(1):7–16., issn 1532-3382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2018.05.001

McGlone P, Watt R, Sheiham A (2001) Evidence-based dentistry: an overview of the challenges in changing professional practice. Br Dent J 190:636–639. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4801062

Wikipedia Contributors. Evidence-based dentistry. In: Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evidence-based_dentistry; HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evidence-based_dentistry&oldid=1058819440 . Accessed 21 Apr 2022

American Dental Education Association. History of dentistry. https://www.adea.org/GoDental/Health_Professions_Advisors/History_of_Dentistry.aspx

Hussain A, Khan FA (2014) History of dentistry. Arch Med Health Sci [serial online] [cited 2022 Apr 21] 2:106–110. Available from: https://www.amhsjournal.org/text.asp?2014/2/1/106/133850

Salgra Dental Group. The evolution of dentistry through ages. https://www.salgradental.com/evolution- dentists-dentistry-through-ages

Spielman AI. NYU dentistry. Technology in dentistry, through the ages. https://dental.nyu.edu/aboutus/history-of-nyucd/technology-in-dentistry-through-the-ages.html

Webster DDS. 12 types of dental specialities. https://websterdds.com/12-types-of-dental-specialties/

National Commission on Recognition of Dental Specialties and Certifying Boards, ADA. https://ncrdscb.ada.org/en/dental-specialties/specialty-definitions

WHO. The world oral health report 2003. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/68506/WHO_NMH_NPH_ORH_03.2.pdf;jsessionid=0E7C2787AB704B48CB037350FADE6F25?sequence=1

Clinical Guidelines and Integrated Care Pathways for the Oral Health Care of People with Learning Disabilities 2012, http://www.wales.nhs.uk/documents/BSDH_Clinical_Guidelines_PwaLD_2012.pdf

World Health Organization. Oral health. https://www.who.int/health- topics/oral-health#tab=tab_1 . Accessed 15 Nov 2021

FDI, World Dental Federation. https://www.fdiworlddental.org/fdis- definition-oral-health . Accessed 15 Nov 2021

Glick M, Williams DM, Kleinman DV, Vujicic M, Watt RG, Weyant RJ A new definition for oral health developed by the FDI World Dental Federation opens the door to a universal definition of oral health. JADA 147(12):915–917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2016.10.001

Baiju RM et al (2017) Oral health and quality of life: current concepts. J Clin Diagn Res 11(6):ZE21–ZE26. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/25866.10110

Patrick DL et al (2006 June 15) Reducing oral health disparities: a focus on social and cultural determinants. BMC Oral Health 6(Suppl 1):S4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-6-S1-S4

Healthy People. Determinants of health. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-of-Health

Healthy People. Social determinants. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/leading-health-indicators/2020-lhi-topics/Social-Determinants

Solar O, Irwin A. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Social determinants of health discussion paper 2 (policy and practice). http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44489/9789241500852_eng.pdf;jsessionid=9FD7242AB8697358DE3F3D374555FF58?sequence=1

Baelum V (2011 Apr 11) Dentistry and population approaches for preventing dental diseases. J Dent 39(Suppl 2):S9–S19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2011.10.015

Watt RG (2012 Oct) Social determinants of oral health inequalities: implications for action. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 40(Suppl 2):44–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2012.00719.x . PMID: 22998304

Oral Diseases – a global public challenge. Watt Lancet paper 1 revised. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10079507/3/Watt%20Lancet%20paper%201%20revised%20- %20clean%201%20copy.pdf

Mialon M (2020 Aug 17) An overview of the commercial determinants of health. Glob Health 16(1):74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00607-x

Peres MA, Macpherson LMD, Weyant RJ, Daly B, Venturelli R, Mathur MR, Listl S, Celeste RK, Guarnizo-Herreño CC, Kearns C, Benzian H, Allison P, Watt RG (2019 July 20) Oral diseases: a global public health challenge. Lancet 394(10194):249–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31146-8 . Erratum in: Lancet. 2019 Sep 21;394(10203):1010. PMID: 31327369

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Prognica Labs Tech FZCO, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Khalid Shaikh

IntelliDent AI, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Sreelekshmi Vivek Bekal

Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

Hesham Fathi Ahmed Marei, Walid Shaaban Moustafa Elsayed, Dusan Surdilovic & Lubna Abdel Jawad

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter.

Shaikh, K., Vivek Bekal, S., Marei, H.F.A., Elsayed, W.S.M., Surdilovic, D., Jawad, L.A. (2023). Introduction to Dentistry and Oral Health. In: Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19715-4_1

Download citation

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19715-4_1

Published : 06 December 2022

Publisher Name : Springer, Cham

Print ISBN : 978-3-031-19714-7

Online ISBN : 978-3-031-19715-4

eBook Packages : Engineering Engineering (R0)

Share this chapter

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Publish with us

Policies and ethics

• Find a journal
• Track your research

• Undergraduate
• High School
• Architecture
• American History
• Asian History
• Antique Literature
• American Literature
• Asian Literature
• Classic English Literature
• World Literature
• Creative Writing
• Linguistics
• Criminal Justice
• Legal Issues
• Anthropology
• Archaeology
• Political Science
• World Affairs
• African-American Studies
• East European Studies
• Latin-American Studies
• Native-American Studies
• West European Studies
• Family and Consumer Science
• Social Issues
• Women and Gender Studies
• Social Work
• Natural Sciences
• Pharmacology
• Earth science
• Agriculture
• Agricultural Studies
• Computer Science
• IT Management
• Mathematics
• Investments
• Engineering and Technology
• Engineering
• Aeronautics
• Medicine and Health
• Alternative Medicine
• Communications and Media
• Advertising
• Communication Strategies
• Public Relations
• Educational Theories
• Teacher's Career
• Chicago/Turabian
• Company Analysis
• Education Theories
• Shakespeare
• Canadian Studies
• Food Safety
• Relation of Global Warming and Extreme Weather Condition
• Movie Review
• Admission Essay
• Annotated Bibliography
• Application Essay
• Article Critique
• Article Review
• Article Writing
• Book Review
• Business Plan
• Business Proposal
• Capstone Project
• Cover Letter
• Creative Essay
• Dissertation
• Dissertation - Abstract
• Dissertation - Conclusion
• Dissertation - Discussion
• Dissertation - Hypothesis
• Dissertation - Introduction
• Dissertation - Literature
• Dissertation - Methodology
• Dissertation - Results
• GCSE Coursework
• Grant Proposal
• Marketing Plan
• Multiple Choice Quiz
• Personal Statement
• Power Point Presentation
• Power Point Presentation With Speaker Notes
• Questionnaire
• Reaction Paper
• Research Paper
• Research Proposal
• SWOT analysis
• Thesis Paper
• Online Quiz
• Literature Review
• Movie Analysis
• Statistics problem
• Math Problem
• All papers examples
• How It Works
• Money Back Policy
• Terms of Use
• Privacy Policy
• We Are Hiring

The Importance of Dental Care, Essay Example

Pages: 1

Words: 312

Hire a Writer for Custom Essay

Use 10% Off Discount: "custom10" in 1 Click 👇

You are free to use it as an inspiration or a source for your own work.

Consider the importance of dental care; many would argue that all good health, or bad, can be traced to the state of the teeth. In fact, there are many known links between health problems in general and periodontal disease in particular. As such, what are the strategies of identifying and preventing childhood dental problems so that kids can grow into health adults? Better yet, how can dental health be assured across generations?

“Research has shown,” “that there is an association between periodontal diseases and other chronic inflammatory conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease” (**). The connection was originally believed to be in connection with bacteria present in the body but new evidence suggests that in reality inflammation is what is actually wreaking the havoc within the rest of the body.

There are several ways to identify periodontal disease but some of the more common include, “bad breath that will not go away,” “red or swollen gums,” “tender or bleeding gums,” “painful chewing,” “loose teeth,” “sensitive teeth,” etc… (“Preiodontal Disease- Six Signs for Identifying Periodontal Disease,” 2010). The easiest ways to go about preventing the onset of this disease are generally common knowledge; things like going to the dentist regularly, brushing, flossing, and using mouth wash. Teaching children these habits at a young age can get them into the habit of following a health routing; ultimately leading them to a healthier adulthood.

The same can really be stated for insuring dental health through multiple generations. Education upon health related topics can be passed down from adult to child and over time general health can be increased across the family lines.

(2010). “Preiodontal Disease- Six Signs for Identifying Periodontal Disease.” Massivelinks.com. Retrieved from: http://published.massivelinks.com/articles/_/health-and-fitness/dental-care/periodontal-disease-6-signs-in-identifying-pe-r23336

(2011). “Mouth- Body Connection.” American Academy of Periodontology. Perio.org . Chicago, Illinois. Retrieved from: http://www.perio.org/consumer/mbc.top2.htm

McGuire, Michael k. (2008). “Should Our Focus on Inflammation Change the Way We Practice?” Journal of Periodontology. Retrieved from: http://www.joponline.org/doi/abs/10.1902/jop.2008.080137?journalCode=jop

Stuck with your Essay?

Get in touch with one of our experts for instant help!

Underserved Children, Essay Example

Immigrant Health Issues, Essay Example

Time is precious

don’t waste it!

Plagiarism-free guarantee

Privacy guarantee

Secure checkout

Money back guarantee

Related Essay Samples & Examples

Voting as a civic responsibility, essay example.

Words: 287

Utilitarianism and Its Applications, Essay Example

Words: 356

The Age-Related Changes of the Older Person, Essay Example

Pages: 2

Words: 448

The Problems ESOL Teachers Face, Essay Example

Pages: 8

Words: 2293

Should English Be the Primary Language? Essay Example

Pages: 4

Words: 999

The Term “Social Construction of Reality”, Essay Example

Words: 371

Why good dental care is important to your overall health

A great smile can do so many things. It can light up the room. It can win over new friends. And it can reveal a lot about your health, both inside the mouth and throughout the body. The key to keeping that great smile is taking care of your teeth. That means brushing and flossing, of course — and seeing the dentist at least every 6 months for preventive care. 

Otherwise, you could put yourself at risk of dental problems. Dentists now think there’s a link between cavities, tooth decay, gum disease and chronic health problems, including diabetes and heart disease. 1 Learn about the connection and how to help safeguard your health.

3 common dental problems for adults

Many things contribute to dental issues, including your age and your lifestyle habits, including drinking and smoking.2 But so can skipping or putting off dental checkups. 2

Here are some potential problems that may be avoided with routine checkups:

Gum disease

“Initially, your gums will become inflamed, red and swollen, and they’ll bleed while brushing,” says Fatima Khan, D.M.D., a dentist with Altus Dental in Houston. And as the disease progresses, bacteria can get below the gumline and break down the tissue and bone surrounding your teeth, she adds.

With time, the gums can pull away from the tooth. About 42% of adults ages 30 and older have gum disease, also known as periodontitis. 3 And that increases to about 68% in people 65 years and older. 4

As we get older, we may make less saliva, says Dr. Khan. That might not seem like a serious problem. But it can be. We need a healthy amount of saliva to keep our mouths lubricated and to neutralize the acids that can attack the teeth, she adds. Without enough saliva, it’s easier for acid produced by bacteria in the mouth to stick around and cause tooth decay. 5

Tooth decay and cavities

If your teeth have a lot of bacteria, it can combine with food to form a sticky film (known as plaque), which can lead to cavities. 1 A cavity is a small hole in the surface of your tooth. Dentists stop the damage by filling it in. 

If your dentist doesn’t fill the hole, the tooth decay starts to spread. That can cause infections throughout your body.1 And if the decay is not addressed, your tooth can become unable to be restored and you could lose it. 6

UnitedHealthcare Medicare Advantage members with dental coverage can download the UnitedHealthcare® app to find dental care, manage plan details and more.

The mouth-body connection

Many dental problems are caused by bacteria. And bacteria can go from your mouth into your bloodstream through bleeding gums or infected or decaying teeth, explains Kami Hoss, D.D.S., the chief executive officer of The Super Dentists, a dental practice in San Diego, and the author of If Your Mouth Could Talk .  

Once they’re in the bloodstream, bacteria can go everywhere in the body. That produces infections and inflammation, says Dr. Hoss. And that can trigger serious diseases, including the following:

Heart disease and stroke

Gum disease, missing teeth and even bad brushing habits can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke, according to the American Heart Association. 7 The bacteria can trigger infections in the heart valves, especially if a person already has heart valve disease. And they may also contribute to clogged arteries, increasing the chance of a heart attack. 8

9</sup>">Diabetes 9

With diabetes, the sugar levels in your blood are high – that means they’re high in your saliva, too. And that leads to more bacteria, increasing the risk of gum disease. But the relationship goes both ways. Having gum disease can raise your blood sugar levels. And that can up the chances of developing diabetes.

Lung infections and kidney disease

People who already have serious diseases can make things worse if they have gum disease and cavities. If a person has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including chronic bronchitis, mouth bacteria can cause more infections in weakened lungs. 10 Periodontal inflammation from gum disease may also make chronic kidney disease worse in patients with the condition, and potentially put those people at risk of kidney failure. 11

Gastrointestinal issues

There are strains of oral bacteria that can affect the health of the GI tract when you swallow, says Dr. Khan. Most of the time, your stomach acid can kill the bacteria. But some strains can get into the intestines. There they can trigger inflammation and an imbalance between good and bad bacteria, she says. And that can lead to inflammatory bowel disease. 12

What helps take care of your teeth

• Find a good dentist and go every 6 months for routine care. That will help keep small cavities from turning into bigger (and more expensive) problems.
• Use a soft or extra-soft toothbrush that won’t damage tooth enamel or irritate gums. 
• Ask the dentist to recommend a toothpaste that’s right for you. If you’re more prone to getting cavities, a toothpaste with sodium fluoride may help, recommends Dr. Hoss. 
• Look for a mouthwash with prebiotics, such as inulin and xylitol, says Dr. Hoss. Those ingredients kill off bad bacteria and help the beneficial ones thrive. 
• Don’t smoke. People who smoke have twice the risk of gum disease as those who don’t. And if you already have gum disease, smoking makes it harder for the gums to heal. 13

Schedule a routine dental cleaning and checkup. Preventing problems may be easier than treating them. It may also be easier to treat a small cavity or the first signs of gum disease than conditions that have progressed. And that’s something to smile about.

Haven’t had a dental visit in a while? It’s never too late to start taking care of your teeth and gums. Already a UnitedHealthcare Medicare Advantage member with dental coverage? Sign in to your plan website to review dental benefits and schedule an appointment.

• Medicare Advantage
• Dual Special Needs Plan

Already a UnitedHealthcare® Medicare Advantage member?

Get more to smile about. Have dental coverage? Review coverage and benefits and schedule routine cleanings and exams with a dentist.

More articles

October 17, 2020

Do you dream of becoming a top-notch dentist someday?  Dental students go through some of the most rigorous academic work in any discipline. The coursework is demanding because much is expected from a qualified dentist. Writing excellent essays is part of the coursework just like in other courses.  When the coursework is too heavy, you can buy cheap essay and engage the services of professionals to assist you in generating perfect dental essays.

Step 1: The Essay Topic

Dental medicine is a broad subject, which gives you plenty of options in picking an essay topic. You will also find lots of research material if you have to work with a given essay topic.  The 3 broad areas of dental care to write about are;

#1 Basic dental hygiene

Some of the topics here would be; • The correct use of a toothbrush • Must-have ingredients of healthy toothpaste • How to pick the correct dental products for different people • Dental hygiene for very young children • Making dental experiences friendlier

#2 Dental health and dieting

You can write on; • Different foods and their impacts on dental health • Food supplements for healthy dental  • Children diets for healthy dental development • Proper nutrition to avoid dental loss in old age

#3 Dental ailments

Some of the topics here would include; • Identifying early symptoms of common dental ailments and their causes • Explaining common dental ailments such as cavities and gingivitis • Highlighting uncommon dental conditions such as bruxism • Explaining different dental procedures to treat dental ailments There is a variety of topics to write from these three broad areas.  However, you are not confined to these three areas. You can write on what you see fit, or work with a given essay topic.

Step 2: Research

Writing an essay is easy when you have taken the time to research and gather supporting material for your essay.  While the internet is full of information, you should also extend your research to special research databases e.g. Web of Science. You can also reach out to professionals who write essay for money to supplement your research. This would take much of the research load off your shoulders while enriching what you already have.

Step 3: Writing a Rough Draft

This is the basic structure for any essay;

• Introduction – This is where you introduce the topic and the one or two hypotheses your essay is proving or disproving • Body – This is where you make your arguments.  You can do a paragraph for each argument.   Support your argument with statistics, field data, and past arguments that support your points. An essay typically has 2-3 body paragraphs. Keep the required essay length in mind. • Conclusion – This is a summary of your whole essay.  Ensure to tie your arguments to prove or disprove your hypothesis.

Step 4: Citations

All work that you use that is not originally yours should be cited and attributed. This includes internet sources. Ensure to use proper formatting e.g. AMA when doing the citations.

Step 5: Edit and submit

Always go over your first draft carefully. Check for missing information, gaps in evidence, and incoherent statements. Have a friend look at the essay before submitting it. Writing essays is part of every student’s life. It is inescapable. What you can do is take time to understand the basics of good essay writing. Your academic life becomes considerably easier when you internalize good essay writing skills.

Partners and Sponsors

• Advertising with DentaGama
• Terms and Conditions
• Privacy Policy
• Cookies Policy
• Reviews Policy

© 2023 DentaGama All rights reserved

• Member Login

Oral Health Topics

The Oral Health Topics section on ADA.org is intended to provide dentists with clinically relevant, evidence-based science behind the issues that may affect their patients and their practice. Refer to the Oral Health Topics for current scientific reviews of subjects that relate to oral health, from amalgam separators and antibiotic prophylaxis to xerostomia and X-rays.

Featured oral health topics

Learn which oral analgesics  are used for the management of acute dental pain.

Understand Occupational Safety and Health Administration  (OSHA) safety standards.

Learn about special considerations for pregnant patients and pregnant dental personnel .

Efficacy information about whitening  treatments for extrinsic and intrinsic staining.

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• J Oral Biol Craniofac Res
• v.13(5); Sep-Oct 2023
• PMC10314291

Importance of oral health in mental health disorders: An updated review

Hans erling skallevold.

a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

Nabin Rokaya

b Humla Hospital District, Huma, 21000, Nepal

Natthamet Wongsirichat

c Faculty of Dentistry, Bangkok Thonburi University, 16/10 Taweewatana, Bangkok, 10170, Thailand

Dinesh Rokaya

d Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

Mental disorders are indeed an expanding threat, which requires raised awareness, education, prevention, and treatment initiatives nationally and globally. This review presents an updated review on the relationships between oral health and mental health disorders and the importance of oral health in mental health disorders.

A literature search was done regarding mental disorders and oral health approaches in Google Scholar and PubMed from the year 1995 until 2023. All the English-language papers were evaluated based on the inclusion criteria. Publications included original research papers, review articles and book chapters.

Common mental disorders include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, dementia, and alcohol and drug use disorders. The interplay of oral health and mental disorders involves dysregulated microbiome, translocated bacteria, and systemic inflammation, among others.

There is a complex relationship between mental disorders and oral diseases. Various oral health problems are associated with mental health problems. The interplay of oral health and mental disorders involves dysregulated microbiome, translocated bacteria, and systemic inflammation, among others. Mental health nurses including physicians and dental professionals should be involved in the oral health care of mental health disorder patients. Therefore, multidisciplinary should be involved in the care of mental health disorders, and they should consider oral health care as an essential part of their care for patients with mental health disorders. Future investigations should strive to elucidate the exact biological relationships, to develop new directions for treatment.

Graphical abstract

• • Mental health problems are increasing as the consequences of the covid-19 pandemic.
• • Various oral health problems are associated with mental health problems.
• • Oral health and mental disorders involve dysregulated microbiome and inflammation.

1. Introduction

Recently, the importance of mental health has been highlighted in light of the consequences of the covid-19 pandemic. 1 The sudden change of living, involving quarantine and social distancing during the pandemic may have contributed to the growing number of reports of mental health problems. 2 The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes mental health as an integral part of general health, as they define it as the state of “well-being where an individual realizes his or her abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and can make a contribution to his or her community”. 3 Mental health is necessary for a well-functioning individual and community, through interaction and development. When an individual's mental state exhibits certain behavioral or psychological patterns; a mental disorder may be diagnosed based on criteria in The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, the DSM-5 for short. 4 The term mental disorder, influences several aspects of life and is sometimes interchangeably used with psychological and psychiatric disorders. Prior to the pandemic, the number of persons with a mental disorder was counted to be around 792 million globally, this prevalence has surged by about 25%. 2 , 5 , 6

Several socio-economic aspects, typically unemployment, social isolation, and poverty, impact mental disorders. 7 , 8 A number of modifications in people's health behaviors have occurred as an effect of the covid-19 pandemic, such as a rise in snacking, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and decreased physical activity. 9 When negative health behaviors combine with stressors such as fear of infections, lack of supplies and information, or financial loss (these are relevant for the covid-19 pandemic), oral health may deteriorate. 10 As mental disorders are on the rise, one may expect an increase in anti-psychotics and depressants. These medications involve the risk of adverse effects, such as bruxism and xerostomia, which adversely affect the oral. 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 The notion that fear of infection and social interaction, associated with the pandemic, may hinder access to dental, has been reported. 15 Worsened anxiety or phobia of dental treatment can result from non-attendance, 16 , 17 making patients exclusively seek dental care during emergencies. 18

The pandemic's impact on mental health is distressing, 19 however, this may just be among the first of several sequelae to appear. For example, the pandemic may have fueled anxiety through elevated use and addiction to social media, 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 social media may also influence the perception of dental treatment. 24 , 25 Indeed, about 3.5 billion individuals have untreated oral conditions, 26 and the number may grow with the growing prevalence of mental disorders and as a consequence of the pandemic. Mental disorders and oral health's reciprocal influence is generally neglected and little-known issue. 27 However, this issue is highly relevant following the pandemic and needs to be brought to awareness by health professionals to guide policymaking. This review presents an updated review on the relationships between oral health and mental health disorders and the importance of oral health in mental health disorders.

A literature search was done regarding mental disorders and oral health approaches in Google Scholar and PubMed from the year 1995 until 2023. All the English-language papers were evaluated based on the inclusion criteria. Publications included original research papers, review articles, and book chapters.

3. Psycho-disorders/mental disorders definition, prevalence, types, symptoms, or habits

In 2017, about 792 million individuals were diagnosed with a mental disorder on a global scale, with females as the dominating gender. 28 Mental disorders encompass a diverse spectrum, as summarized in Table 1 . A mental disorder involves a person's behavioral or psychological patterns; based on criteria in the DSM-5. 4 Most encountered disorders are depression and anxiety, affecting around 3.8% of the world population. Recently, the global prevalence of depression and anxiety, in adolescents was estimated to be 25–31%. 29 More than half of middle‐ and high‐income countries' populations are expected to suffer from one, or more, mental disorders during their lives. 30 Poor mental health is a growing burden globally, in the span from 1990 to 2019, the global proportion of disability-adjusted life-years ascribed to mental disorders went from 3.1 to 4.9%. 31 This has a profound impact on the world economy, as costs involve more than direct costs such as medication and hospitalization, 32 but also income losses because of lost production because of missing work or swift retirement. 32 , 33 Such indirect costs did make up 1.7 trillion USD in 2010, while the total costs totaled 2.5 trillion, these numbers are only expected to rise with the growing prevalence. 33 The projected lost economic output globally, from 2011 to 2030, is estimated to reach 16.3 trillion USD, which surpasses that of cancer and is similar to cardiovascular diseases. 33 Mental disorders are indeed an expanding threat, which requires raised awareness, education, prevention, and treatment initiatives nationally and globally. 31 Common metal disorders include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, dementia, and alcohol and drug use disorders ( Table 2 ).

Overview of the global prevalence in 2017 of common mental disorders. Adapted with permission from Dattani et al. 28

Common mental health disorders and their common symptoms.

3.1. Depression

Depression is, together with anxiety, the most common mental disorder and one of the major reasons for disability. 28 Symptoms mostly involve sadness and loss of interest or pleasure. 34 Compromised social function, impacting education or work, is common and involves a significant risk of suicide. 35

3.2. Anxiety

Anxiety sets off in the presence of an overactivation of a recognized threat or erroneous danger assessment, leading to an excessive and unfitting fight-or-flight reaction. 36 Such irrational fear responses give off a wide scope of symptoms; fear of losing control or of death, diminished concentration, elevated confusion, impaired memory, tachycardia, shortness of breath, chest pains, syncope, and so on. People with anxiety tend to avoid triggering situations. 37 Several subtypes of anxiety exist, a common one is dental anxiety or dental fear. The more severe version is known as dental phobia, or odontophobia; an extremely irrational fear or aversion to dental-related situations. 38 A recent meta-analysis estimated the global prevalence of dental anxiety in children and adolescents to be 23.9%. Whereas 36.5% of preschoolers, 25.8% of school children, and 13.3% of adolescents, reported dental anxiety. 39 Dental anxiety is common with a 36% prevalence, while dental phobia affects a smaller proportion of the population, about 10% globally. 40 Dental anxiety and phobia impact oral health and general well-being negatively and make necessary dental treatment challenging. For these patients, it is vital for the practitioner to offer a safe environment and trust, and use an array of approaches; information, show-do-tell, coping skills, cognitive behavior therapy, preventive and minimally invasive treatment. 41 Specialists, both medical and dental, or psychologists, with or without sedation with nitrous oxide or benzodiazepines, or even general anesthesia, may be necessary in select cases. 38

3.3. Bipolar disorder

Close to 46 million people worldwide 28 are affected by bipolar disorder. Usually, it comprises manic and depressive episodes, with periods of normal mood in-between. High-speed speech, elevated self-esteem, and reduced need for sleep, typically characterize a manic episode. Bipolar disorder impacts several aspects, such as increased mortality and disability, and diminished quality of life. 42

3.4. Schizophrenia and other psychoses

Schizophrenia is a typical psychosis, characterized by distorted thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior, with hallucinations of auditory and visual types. Untreated schizophrenia is not compatible with a normal function or role in society, however, effective treatment and support can re-integrate the person into society with a productive life. 43

3.5. Dementia

Objective findings of cognitive decline compared to a former time point, while the person remains independent and well-functioning in daily life, is diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment. The diagnosis of dementia requires supplemental findings of significant difficulties in daily life, and that negatively influence the person's independence. 44 That is the consequence of impaired cognitive functions such as memory, motivation, thinking, orientation, emotional control, and communication, among others. Dementia is mostly the product of Alzheimer's disease or stroke. The most apparent and significant risk factor is age. 45 , 46

The global scale prevalence is projected to grow from 57 million individuals to 152 million by 2050, 47 this increase is mainly attributed to the extension of life expectancy. The risk of developing dementia grows with increasing age, for 65–69-year-olds the disease will annually occur in 2.4 per 1000 persons, for 90+ year-olds, the incidence rate is 70.2 per 1000 persons. 48

Dementia has no curative or course-altering treatment, preventive measures and early diagnosis are therefore vital 49 and should aim to influence modifiable risk factors; such as cardiovascular and lifestyle factors, depression, and head injuries. 45 , 50

4. Brain-stomatognathic axis

The neurological impact of oral health has received little attention. However, oral health and the brain may influence the development of several diseases, reflecting interesting directions of research and potential management methods. A complex communication system between the brain, and the stomatognathic system – consisting of the jaws, the oral cavity's interior, and surrounding tissues, constitute the brain-stomatognathic axis. 51 This system explains the relationship between observable changes in the brain and oral status. 51 , 52

The colloquially known “Nun study”, began in 1986 and is still ongoing, with a focus on aging and Alzheimer's disease. 678 women with a mean age of 83 years, agreed to receive cognitive assessments annually, and brain donation on death. Additionally, several of these individuals have dental data. 53 The study has shown that the number of missing teeth was associated with an increased risk of dementia, 53 highlighting the association between cognitive decline and masticatory dysfunction, supported by clinical 54 and animal observations. 55 These observations suggest tooth loss, is a possible risk factor for cognitive decline 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 and dementia. 57 , 58 , 60 7.6% of the global population is edentulous, the prevalence increases to 14% in 50+ year-olds. 61 Edentulism and tooth loss lead to diminished mastication, so-called masticatory dysfunction. 62 As the Nun study sparked interest in the association of dementia and tooth loss and the brain-stomatognathic, it may imply that rehabilitating one's masticatory function can prevent cognitive decline. 51

Rehabilitation of masticatory dysfunction may be achievable by prosthodontic means, such as dentures or dental implants, or by exercise. Both approaches show positive findings. The effects on cognitive function with masticatory exercise intervention exhibit promising results 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 Jaw-tapping, a form of masticatory exercise, for four weeks improves memory function in cognitively impaired patients. 63 The oral rehabilitation of four edentulous patients, in the case of converting from removable dentures to implant-retained dentures, resulted in improved working memory and oral health quality of life. The pilot investigation suggested that oral rehabilitation influences neurocognitive changes positively. 64 Evidence suggests that masticatory function has a positive influence on cognitive function. 51 , 60 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67

Animal studies shed light on possible mechanisms explaining the influence of mastication, 59 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 and involve cognitive decline as a result of decreased cellular proliferation 70 , 71 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 68 increased nitrous oxide 75 and extracellular dopamine concentrations 76 in the hippocampus. These changes have been suggested to be regulated by the cerebellum or movement-compensation in the brain, or sensory-feedback mechanisms pertaining to the stomatognathic complex. 51 However, caution must be exercised as other factors may influence these relationships. For example, the chronological order of whether cognitive impairment favors poor oral health and thus tooth loss and reduced function of mastication, or if masticatory dysfunction leads to cognitive decline, is challenging to prove. 56 In addition, the role of another cause of tooth loss, specifically periodontitis, needs to be taken into consideration. 77

5. Relationship between oral health and mental health

Dental caries, severe periodontitis, and tooth loss 26 are the main oral diseases that remain untreated among 3.5 billion individuals, which reflects oral health as a globally underestimated and undervalued health challenge. 78 , 79 In 2017, the global burden of all oral diseases reached 18.3 million years lived with disability (disability-adjusted life-years for oral conditions), representing a 19.9% increase since 1990, 80 whereas the global economic burden is 544 billion USD, 187 billion of these are due to productivity losses. 81

Indirect costs, such as productivity losses, may be attributed to oral health's influence on social withdrawal and isolation, pain and reduced mastication, self-esteem, lack of oral health awareness, and mistrust of dental health care providers. 82 Individuals with mental disorders may be considered a vulnerable group because of those influences. 82 , 83 Additionally, oral health impacts general health, evidence supports an intimate association with coronary and respiratory diseases, stroke, and diabetes. 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 Such conditions are frequent comorbidities in those suffering from mental disorders. 14 , 88 Studies report plenty of associations between oral and mental health problems: dental erosion in the eating disorders anorexia and bulimia, burning mouth syndrome in anxiety and depression, 89 dental caries due to high consumption of sugar, 90 and increased incidence of periodontal disease due to poor hygiene and excessive smoking, 14 , 82 , 91 and increased risk of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. 92 Reportedly, serious mental disorders involve 2.8 times higher risk of becoming edentulous in contrast to the general population. 14 , 27 Predictors and determinants of poor oral health involve mental disorders and lifestyle factors, illustrating the complicated interplay of influencing factors in mental and oral health ( Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 ).

An overview of predictors of poor oral health. Adapted with permission from Kenny et al.. 27

Overview of determinants of poor oral health. Adapted with permission from Kenny et al.. 27

Suspicion of mental disorders should be raised at the dental office when atypical presentations of common oral diseases, or uncommon oral diseases, are observed. Common conditions such as loss of surface tooth substance may be attributed to a number of mental disorders based on their representations. Dental erosions are present in 38% of patients with an eating disorder, 93 the palatal dental surfaces are usually affected because of self-induced vomiting, in contrast to the common labial erosions due to extrinsic consumption of acidic drinks. 94 Bruxism, colloquially known as teeth grinding, is likely to suffer from anxiety or depression. 95 Bruxism can result in vertical loss of tooth substance, whereas labial surface loss due to frantic tooth brushing, tends to be linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder. 96 Xerostomia, the feeling of dry mouth, and hyposalivation are associated with antidepressants and psychotics. For example, tricyclic antidepressants can halve a person's rate of salivation. 97 A dry mouth increases dental caries risk, weakens denture retention and raises the risk of candida infections. 98

6. Effect of oral health approaches for psycho-disorders

There is a complex relationship between mental disorders and oral diseases due to the shared social determinants and bidirectional interaction mechanisms that involve interconnected social, behavioral, psychological, and biological processes. 99 Poor oral health has an effect on daily functioning and quality of life especially in patients with mental health disorders. 100 , 101 , 102 Therefore, patients with mental disorders are three times more likely to lose their teeth compared to general people. 103 There is a burden of oral health-related quality of life in patients with a mental health disorder. It is important to develop an oral health toolkit considering its potential effect on oral health-related quality of life in mental health. 100 Oral health programs should be provided tailored to the needs of the patient. Effective oral care is necessary for maintaining the oral health of mental health patients. 104 When caring for patients with mental health disorders, it is essential to consider oral health care as an essential part of their daily tasks and provide necessary nursing support. Mental health nurses have an important role in the care of patients with mental health disorders. 100 In clinics, mental health nurses including physicians and dental professionals should be involved in the oral health care of mental health disorder patients. Mental health nurses should be more aware of oral health and oral health risk and should provide long-term interventions to improve oral health. Therefore, multidisciplinary teams involved in the care of mental health disorders, and should consider oral health care as an essential part of their care for patients with mental health disorders. 105

7. Mental disorders and dental diseases

Periodontitis is a chronic disease, that affects the tissue surrounding the tooth structure, with inflammatory disorder, degradation, and ultimately loss of the tooth. The treatment constitutes the removal of bacterial biofilm on the tooth surface regularly by dental professionals and demands a high level of adherence to excellent oral hygiene routines. Beyond tooth loss and subsequent masticatory dysfunction, periodontitis also affects general health. 84 , 85 , 86 , 106 , 107 Globally, periodontitis is among the most prevalent diseases with 20–50% of the population affected. 108 The prevalence of periodontitis is projected to increase with the aging population and as a larger portion of older adults retain their natural teeth. 109 Mental disorders and their relationship with oral disease, in particular periodontitis, are gaining increasingly more attention in the research communities. Several of the relationships are suggested to be bi-directional, which opens up for future therapeutic, diagnostic, and preventive measures. 110

7.1. Alzheimer's disease

Recent meta-analyses suggest a significant association between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease. 77 , 111 Indeed, a number of studies support this association and propose several explanations, 112 , 113 however, the mechanism of bacterial translocation contributing to systemic inflammation, seems plausible. 110 This is supported as the DNA of Porphyromonas gingivalis , one of the main pathogens of periodontitis has been isolated in Alzheimer-diagnosed individuals, 114 as well as antibodies against several periodontitis-associated bacteria. 115 , 116 Additionally, an association between periodontitis severity and Alzheimer's disease has been reported. 111 , 117 , 118 Further support for this evidence is attributed to animal studies where murine subjects were administered live P. gingivalis or their endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide. The administrations resulted in observable reductions of learning and memory functions, and plaques of amyloid-β, a typical histological finding associated with Alzheimer's disease, in the animals' hippocampus. 119 , 120 , 121 Consequently, these findings have inspired the development of gingipain inhibitors, which inhibit P. gingivalis ' proteases. The inhibitors resulted in decreased plaque formation, bacterial volumes, and protective effects on hippocampus cells. 114

Taken together, the literature suggests periodontitis to be a modifiable risk factor for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, and can therefore be an aim for therapeutic and prophylactic measures. 122

7.2. Depression

The role of bacteria may also play a role in the relationship between periodontitis and depression. Indeed, significant differences in the oral microbiome in depressed individuals have been reported. 21 taxa differed in abundance between the healthy and depressed subjects, and elevated levels of Neisseria spp. and Prevotella nigrescens were noted (REF: Variations in the oral microbiome are associated with depression in young adults. 123 Animal studies support the notion that oral administration of lipopolysaccharide or live periodontitis-associated pathogens results in elevated inflammatory markers systemically, including the brain, and depressive-like behavior. 124 , 125 , 126 A genetic relationship has been suggested. An elegant study investigated the role of crosstalk genes and neuropeptides in these two diseases. The neuropeptides adrenomedullin, insulin-like growth factor 2, prodynorphin, and resistin were identified as mutually expressed in both periodontitis and depression, also playing a role in identifying depression. 127

Epidemiological data reports a 62.5% comorbidity rate of depression among periodontitis patients, compared to healthy individuals (38.86%). 128 Another study, for 10 years, followed over 60,000 subjects and reported elevated depression incidence among the ones with periodontitis. 129 Depression is influenced by psychological and social factors. Periodontitis symptoms, such as malodor, poor oral hygiene, and edentulousness may negatively influence psychosocial factors by favoring social isolation, shame, and reduced self-esteem, and thus contribute to depression. 130 , 131 When a tooth is lost, it may be replaced by a dental implant, however, an implant may also develop peri-implantitis, similar to periodontitis. Ultimately, the implant may be lost. Several of the effects and disease relationships may be extrapolated from periodontitis to peri-implantitis. 132 Periodontitis and peri-implantitis may be suggestive modifiable risk factors for depression, and if so, simple periodontal intervention and oral hygiene instruction may prevent or aid in the treatment of depression. 133

7.3. Bipolar disorder

Chronic inflammation has been reported as a factor in bipolar disorder. The relationship between bipolar disorder and periodontitis was examined from 2001 to 2012 in Taiwan. For bipolar disorder, an elevated risk was reported among the periodontitis subjects, compared to the non-periodontitis subjects. 134 Higher bacterial loads of periodontitis-associated pathogens were reported in subjects with periodontitis and bipolar disorder, compared to patients with periodontitis but mentally healthy. 135 These studies support a possible relationship between bipolar disorder and periodontitis, which warrants further investigations.

7.4. Parkinson's disease

The biological relationship between Parkinson's disease and periodontitis is less understood. However, some studies do report an elevated prevalence of periodontitis among Parkinson's patients. 136 Parkinson's disease causes motor disruption and cognitive impairment resulting from neuronal cell death in the brain's dopamine-producing neurons of the substantia nigra. 137 Hand tremors and rigidity are common symptoms, which make it challenging to maintain adequate daily oral hygiene. The disease itself can arguably be a risk factor for periodontitis, however, epidemiological evidence supports that periodontitis increases the risk of Parkinson's disease. 138 , 139 A protective effect against Parkinson's disease has been observed in patients receiving periodontal treatment over 5 consecutive years, compared to patients who did not receive treatment at all or for 5 consecutive years. 138 , 139 Authors speculate that inflammation initiated and maintained by periodontitis-associated pathogens entering the brain ultimately contributes to or causes Parkinson's disease. 140 Further research to elaborate mechanistic relationships and the influence of periodontal treatment on established Parkinson's disease may be interesting for future directions.

7.5. Schizophrenia

Supportive literature on the relationship between periodontitis and schizophrenia is scarce. A few studies have reported that patients with schizophrenia carry an elevated risk of periodontitis and an even higher risk for those consuming antipsychotics. 141 Cortisol, commonly implicated in periodontitis, has been ruled out as the levels were lower among schizophrenia patients compared to healthy ones. 142 Interestingly, the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene's D allele is reportedly a protective factor against schizophrenia 143 and periodontitis, 144 and may prove to be a biological connection. In addition, the role of the oropharyngeal microbiome, the salivary microbiome, and periodontitis was suggested to potentially be associated with schizophrenia, and that periodontitis reinforces the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, saliva is a bodily fluid of diagnostic interest for several conditions, 145 and may be useful in the diagnostics of schizophrenia as well, however, the current evidence is still limited. 146

8. Social media influence oral health and mental health

The impact of social media on mental health, 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 represents another mechanism of the mental health-oral health relationship. Social media constitute an array of web-based services allowing users to interact both verbally and visually. 147 Social media use is particularly widespread among teenagers between 13 and 17 years old. 148 , 149 This demographic is worrying as accumulating evidence supports social media's negative influence on mental health, as research suggests that half of the mental disorders are formed by the age of 14 and 75% by 18 years old. 150 , 151 A recent systematic review highlighted that depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in adolescents correlated with time spent, activity, investment, and addiction to social media. 152

Dental practitioners enjoy posting cases on social media, 153 , 154 this may be interesting for dental professionals, however, the impact of such posts has shown an inclination among patients to seek cosmetic modifications for their smiles. 155 Indeed, exposure to “ideal” facial pictures, increased smiles, and face dissatisfaction among young adults. 156 Smile dissatisfaction and self-perceived need for dental makeovers affect mental well-being, 157 , 158 and may lead to reduced social function and negative coping strategies; such as abstaining from showing teeth during laughing, eating, and in social settings. 157 , 159 , 160 A severe engrossment of a self-recognized defect in appearance is known as body dysmorphic disorder. The engrossment is exaggerated as others do not notice the defect. 161 Individuals affected by body dysmorphic disorder may present in dental practices, influenced by social media, seeking treatment that is unrealistic and not needed. Dental practitioners need to recognize the role of social media in treatment-seeking and to carefully evaluate the patient's request with one's clinical judgment. 25

9. Management of mental disorders

Several mental disorders are associated with oral diseases, specifically periodontitis, proposing a possible bi-directional relationship. Treatment and prevention of periodontitis may yield protective effects against several mental disorders. 110 , 112 , 139 , 162 However, the management of patients with mental disorders is multidimensional and highly dynamic, needing individual assessments and management modifications from patient to patient and from appointment to appointment, 27 making them a challenging patient group. However, in general, patients with mental health disorders should receive thorough oral and periodontal health information, hygiene instruction, education, and regular follow-ups, to improve patient's awareness, habits, and literacy. 91 , 163 Multidisciplinary interventions may further improve compliance, dental fear, oral health, and habits, and contribute to a more positive prognosis. 132 , 164 Dental practitioners should receive education on mental disorders, to better manage, communicate with, and identify these patients, as well as to cooperate with other health professionals. Dental health care should be integrated with existing psychiatric rehabilitation and preventive programs. 82 Other health professionals should be educated on the impact of oral health on mental health and be aware of the need for dental services to achieve a fully and easily accessible multidisciplinary program taking the whole individual into consideration.

10. Future directions

Several proposed explanations for the interplay of oral health and mental disorders involve dysregulated microbiomes, translocated bacteria, and systemic inflammation, among others. Future investigations should strive to elucidate the exact biological relationships, to develop new directions for treatment. An example is the gingipain inhibitor, COR388, for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, currently in a phase 2/3 clinical trial. 114 , 165 Potential protective effects of periodontal treatment should be investigated by longitudinal studies with sizable populations for similar effects. 132 The therapeutic potential of oral health interventions on mental disorders is a little-researched area that deserves further investigation. For patients with mental disorders, studies should investigate the effect of, and obstacles in, multidisciplinary interventions and preventive programs to guide management recommendations and guidelines.

11. Conclusion

Mental disorders are indeed an expanding threat, which requires raised awareness, education, prevention, and treatment initiatives nationally and globally. There is a complex relationship between mental disorders and oral diseases. Various oral health problems are associated with mental health problems. The interplay of oral health and mental disorders involves dysregulated microbiome, translocated bacteria, and systemic inflammation, among others. Mental health nurses including physicians and dental professionals should be involved in the oral health care of mental health disorder patients. Therefore, multidisciplinary should be involved in the care of mental health disorders, and they should consider oral health care as an essential part of their care for patients with mental health disorders. Future investigations should strive to elucidate the exact biological relationships, to develop new directions for treatment.

Why I Want to Enter the Dental Hygiene Profession Essay

Introduction.

Setting the right health-related career goals requires identifying the professional field that causes the greatest degree of fascination. Due to requiring honesty and the analysis of the initial assumptions’ feasibility and potential in the long-term perspective, self-exploration linked with career field choices has never been an easy process to complete. In this essay, I justify my decision to choose dental hygiene as a profession with reference to experience-based and security-focused factors and explain the profession’s meanings, including promoting happiness and the culture of self-care.

Dental Hygiene: The Reasons for Selecting the Field

The various reasons that have informed my decision could be divided into two large groups, with the first set of factors incorporating some personal or experience-related considerations. A personal history of teeth issues in childhood, including hypersensitivity, tooth decay from high sugar intake, and plaque accumulation, made dental visits and receiving patient education common occurrences in my life before adolescence. Instead of instilling any fears, these experiences have filled me with an inspiration to address dental exacerbation early by providing high-quality preventive dental care and assisting others in maintaining good oral health habits. Interestingly, as per dentistry students’ career choice motivation profiles, over 20% of dental hygienists cite inspiration from their own dental experiences as the key rationale for choice (Shaikh & Inglehart, 2018). Increases in the quality of life achieved due to post-treatment self-care recommendations from dental hygienists, including dietary guidance, have been strong enough to make me willing to continue their mission.

The second type of motivators refers to factors that are more pragmatic in nature, including job security, demand, and having an appropriate skill set to succeed in the field. Despite the advancements in oral care products for clients with dissimilar need profiles and such products’ affordability, the job outlook for the profession is still positive, adding to my determination to enter the field. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2022) predicts the change in employment between 2020 and 2030 to exceed 10% for the dental hygiene field, which is higher than the average growth rate for all occupations. These security and demand projections add to the possibility of finding stable employment and having a range of potential employers to choose from, resulting in optimal job satisfaction. Another decision-making factor pertains to the presence of adequate skills that will aid in fulfilling the dental hygienist’s responsibilities with both pediatric and adult clients. My key competencies relevant to the profession include manual dexterity, fine motor skills, and eye-hand coordination. Finally, certain psychological assets, for instance, attention to detail in problem-solving and cooperation/communication skills, could facilitate ongoing learning in my case.

The Meaning of Dental Hygiene and a Discussion of the Profession’s Aspects

Regarding the personal meaning of dental hygiene, my definition of the field’s importance would stress the profession’s links to public health, oral cavity disease prevention, and fighting the culture of dental neglect. In other words, although engagement in diagnostic and cleaning procedures is paramount, in my perception, dental hygiene is about working with a culturally diverse clientele’s health-related mindsets. From my perspective, along with consisting of safe and effective care based on the client’s actual health condition, each dental hygiene visit should be perceived as an opportunity for spreading the philosophies of self-care. With an emphasis on oral health, professionals should make the clients recognize that health is a finite resource. Every early sign of pathological processes in the mouth that gets ignored might progress into serious concerns years later, sometimes even leading to life-threatening systemic diseases starting in the oral cavity (Coppola et al., 2022). Therefore, I see efforts to raise patients’ awareness of dental health from the systems-level perspective and the need for early intervention in case of concerns as the profession’s critical meaning.

At an individual level, aside from disease prevention, I also see the profession’s aspects, ranging from the initial assessment to patient education, as endeavors to prevent clients’ psychological discomfort from aesthetic flaws. Dental hygienists can engage in assessments, documentation, decision-making peculiar to preventative care, oral cancer screening, administering local anesthetics, collaborating with dentists, and providing nutrition and oral hygiene counseling to diverse populations (Coppola et al., 2022). In addition to tooth loss prevention, these dimensions of practice, despite being different in nature and the involved skills, aid in addressing certain visible flaws and supporting individuals’ dental health without invasive treatments. By means of aesthetic improvements, including tartar and stain removal, professionals in the field can help their patients to feel more attractive and cope with some of the barriers to expressing emotions. In certain cases, a more pleasant-looking smile can even change a person’s life and create more opportunities for successful personal and professional relationships, making the effects of dental hygienists’ work all-encompassing. With that in mind, these specialists promote holistic well-being by means of administering the right preventative interventions.

To sum up, my career decision is rooted in the idealistic goals of maximizing happiness and some more utilitarian arguments, including the profession’s alignment with my assets and security-focused expectations. The selected career option’s meanings for public health, shifts in people’s attitudes to health, and mental well-being have also been influential in personal decision-making. Hopefully, these attitudes will support me in developing specialized skills and seeking professional excellence.

Coppola, N., Rivieccio, I., Blasi, A., Ferrigno, R., Baldares, S., Mignogna, M. D., & Leuci, S. (2022). Current knowledge, attitude and practice among dental hygienists in oral cancer awareness: Systematic review . International Journal of Dental Hygiene , 20 (2), 249-261.

Shaikh, M. A., & Inglehart, M. R. (2018). Dental and dental hygiene students’ career choice motivations in 2009–17: A mixed methods approach . Journal of Dental Education , 82 (8), 848-856.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2022). Dental hygienists : Summary .

• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2023, April 6). Why I Want to Enter the Dental Hygiene Profession. https://ivypanda.com/essays/why-i-want-to-enter-the-dental-hygiene-profession/

"Why I Want to Enter the Dental Hygiene Profession." IvyPanda , 6 Apr. 2023, ivypanda.com/essays/why-i-want-to-enter-the-dental-hygiene-profession/.

IvyPanda . (2023) 'Why I Want to Enter the Dental Hygiene Profession'. 6 April.

IvyPanda . 2023. "Why I Want to Enter the Dental Hygiene Profession." April 6, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/why-i-want-to-enter-the-dental-hygiene-profession/.

1. IvyPanda . "Why I Want to Enter the Dental Hygiene Profession." April 6, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/why-i-want-to-enter-the-dental-hygiene-profession/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Why I Want to Enter the Dental Hygiene Profession." April 6, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/why-i-want-to-enter-the-dental-hygiene-profession/.

• The Significance of Dental Hygienists
• Dental Hygienist Career and Job Setting
• Self-Assessment in Dental Hygiene
• Alternative Dental Hygienist Career
• Who Should Perform Dental Scaling?
• Applying to Dental Hygienist Program
• COVID-19 Dentistry-Related Aspects
• Dental Professionals and Current Issues in Dentistry
• Importance of Patient-Centered Collaborative Relations
• Dental Hygienist: Reasons for Choosing This Career
• Implant Overdentures With Two Attachment Systems
• The Dental Health Program in Preventing Dental Caries
• Dental Caries Among Adults
• “Assessing the Effect of Fluoride Varnish...” by Autio-Gold
• Oral Health Indicators

NHS dental charges from 1 April 2024

The Department of Health and Social Care has announced the NHS dental patient charges uplift for 2024/25 .

From 1 April 2024, NHS dental treatment charges in England will rise by 4%.

The cost of your dental treatment depends on what treatment you need, it will either be Band 1, Band 2 or Band 3. NHS dental charges from 1 April 2024 will be:

• £26.80 for Band 1 course of treatment
• £73.50 for Band 2 course of treatment
• £319.10 for Band 3 course of treatment

Check if you’re eligible for free or reduced cost NHS dental treatment using the NHS eligibility checker at www.nhsbsa.nhs.uk/check .

If you’re not exempt from charges, you will only pay one charge for each complete course of treatment, even if you need to go to the dentist more than once to finish it. Your dentist may collect this charge in instalments.

Contact Information

Helen johnston.

Media and Campaigns Officer

NHS Business Services Authority

[email protected]