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Writing a Paper: Thesis Statements

Basics of thesis statements.

The thesis statement is the brief articulation of your paper's central argument and purpose. You might hear it referred to as simply a "thesis." Every scholarly paper should have a thesis statement, and strong thesis statements are concise, specific, and arguable. Concise means the thesis is short: perhaps one or two sentences for a shorter paper. Specific means the thesis deals with a narrow and focused topic, appropriate to the paper's length. Arguable means that a scholar in your field could disagree (or perhaps already has!).

Strong thesis statements address specific intellectual questions, have clear positions, and use a structure that reflects the overall structure of the paper. Read on to learn more about constructing a strong thesis statement.

Being Specific

This thesis statement has no specific argument:

Needs Improvement: In this essay, I will examine two scholarly articles to find similarities and differences.

This statement is concise, but it is neither specific nor arguable—a reader might wonder, "Which scholarly articles? What is the topic of this paper? What field is the author writing in?" Additionally, the purpose of the paper—to "examine…to find similarities and differences" is not of a scholarly level. Identifying similarities and differences is a good first step, but strong academic argument goes further, analyzing what those similarities and differences might mean or imply.

Better: In this essay, I will argue that Bowler's (2003) autocratic management style, when coupled with Smith's (2007) theory of social cognition, can reduce the expenses associated with employee turnover.

The new revision here is still concise, as well as specific and arguable. We can see that it is specific because the writer is mentioning (a) concrete ideas and (b) exact authors. We can also gather the field (business) and the topic (management and employee turnover). The statement is arguable because the student goes beyond merely comparing; he or she draws conclusions from that comparison ("can reduce the expenses associated with employee turnover").

Making a Unique Argument

This thesis draft repeats the language of the writing prompt without making a unique argument:

Needs Improvement: The purpose of this essay is to monitor, assess, and evaluate an educational program for its strengths and weaknesses. Then, I will provide suggestions for improvement.

You can see here that the student has simply stated the paper's assignment, without articulating specifically how he or she will address it. The student can correct this error simply by phrasing the thesis statement as a specific answer to the assignment prompt.

Better: Through a series of student interviews, I found that Kennedy High School's antibullying program was ineffective. In order to address issues of conflict between students, I argue that Kennedy High School should embrace policies outlined by the California Department of Education (2010).

Words like "ineffective" and "argue" show here that the student has clearly thought through the assignment and analyzed the material; he or she is putting forth a specific and debatable position. The concrete information ("student interviews," "antibullying") further prepares the reader for the body of the paper and demonstrates how the student has addressed the assignment prompt without just restating that language.

Creating a Debate

This thesis statement includes only obvious fact or plot summary instead of argument:

Needs Improvement: Leadership is an important quality in nurse educators.

A good strategy to determine if your thesis statement is too broad (and therefore, not arguable) is to ask yourself, "Would a scholar in my field disagree with this point?" Here, we can see easily that no scholar is likely to argue that leadership is an unimportant quality in nurse educators. The student needs to come up with a more arguable claim, and probably a narrower one; remember that a short paper needs a more focused topic than a dissertation.

Better: Roderick's (2009) theory of participatory leadership is particularly appropriate to nurse educators working within the emergency medicine field, where students benefit most from collegial and kinesthetic learning.

Here, the student has identified a particular type of leadership ("participatory leadership"), narrowing the topic, and has made an arguable claim (this type of leadership is "appropriate" to a specific type of nurse educator). Conceivably, a scholar in the nursing field might disagree with this approach. The student's paper can now proceed, providing specific pieces of evidence to support the arguable central claim.

Choosing the Right Words

This thesis statement uses large or scholarly-sounding words that have no real substance:

Needs Improvement: Scholars should work to seize metacognitive outcomes by harnessing discipline-based networks to empower collaborative infrastructures.

There are many words in this sentence that may be buzzwords in the student's field or key terms taken from other texts, but together they do not communicate a clear, specific meaning. Sometimes students think scholarly writing means constructing complex sentences using special language, but actually it's usually a stronger choice to write clear, simple sentences. When in doubt, remember that your ideas should be complex, not your sentence structure.

Better: Ecologists should work to educate the U.S. public on conservation methods by making use of local and national green organizations to create a widespread communication plan.

Notice in the revision that the field is now clear (ecology), and the language has been made much more field-specific ("conservation methods," "green organizations"), so the reader is able to see concretely the ideas the student is communicating.

Leaving Room for Discussion

This thesis statement is not capable of development or advancement in the paper:

Needs Improvement: There are always alternatives to illegal drug use.

This sample thesis statement makes a claim, but it is not a claim that will sustain extended discussion. This claim is the type of claim that might be appropriate for the conclusion of a paper, but in the beginning of the paper, the student is left with nowhere to go. What further points can be made? If there are "always alternatives" to the problem the student is identifying, then why bother developing a paper around that claim? Ideally, a thesis statement should be complex enough to explore over the length of the entire paper.

Better: The most effective treatment plan for methamphetamine addiction may be a combination of pharmacological and cognitive therapy, as argued by Baker (2008), Smith (2009), and Xavier (2011).

In the revised thesis, you can see the student make a specific, debatable claim that has the potential to generate several pages' worth of discussion. When drafting a thesis statement, think about the questions your thesis statement will generate: What follow-up inquiries might a reader have? In the first example, there are almost no additional questions implied, but the revised example allows for a good deal more exploration.

Thesis Mad Libs

If you are having trouble getting started, try using the models below to generate a rough model of a thesis statement! These models are intended for drafting purposes only and should not appear in your final work.

In this essay, I argue ____, using ______ to assert _____.
While scholars have often argued ______, I argue______, because_______.
Through an analysis of ______, I argue ______, which is important because_______.

Words to Avoid and to Embrace

When drafting your thesis statement, avoid words like explore, investigate, learn, compile, summarize , and explain to describe the main purpose of your paper. These words imply a paper that summarizes or "reports," rather than synthesizing and analyzing.

Instead of the terms above, try words like argue, critique, question , and interrogate . These more analytical words may help you begin strongly, by articulating a specific, critical, scholarly position.

Read Kayla's blog post for tips on taking a stand in a well-crafted thesis statement.

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Module 3: Writing Essentials

Thesis statements, learning objectives.

Identify strong thesis statements

The thesis statement is the key to most academic writing. The purpose of academic writing is to offer your own insights, analyses, and ideas—to show not only that you understand the concepts you’re studying, but also that you have thought about those concepts in your own way and agreed or disagreed, or developed your own unique ideas as a result of your analysis. The thesis statement is the one sentence that encapsulates the result of your thinking, as it offers your main insight or argument in condensed form.

We often use the word “argument” in English courses, but we do not mean it in the traditional sense of a verbal fight with someone else. Instead, you “argue” by taking a position on an issue and supporting it with evidence. Because you’ve taken a position about your topic, someone else may be in a position to disagree (or argue) with the stance you have taken. Think about how a lawyer presents an argument or states their case in a courtroom—similarly, you want to build a case around the main idea of your essay. For example, in 1848, when Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted “The Declaration of Sentiments,” she was thinking about how to convince New York State policymakers to change the laws to allow women to vote. Stanton was making an argument .

Some consider all writing a form of argument—or at least of persuasion. After all, even if you’re writing a letter or an informative essay, you’re implicitly trying to persuade your audience to care about what you’re saying. Your thesis statement represents the main idea—or point—about a topic or issue that you make in an argument. For example, let’s say that your topic is social media. A thesis statement about social media could look like one of the following sentences:

Social media harms the self-esteem of American pre-teen girls.
Social media can help connect researchers when they use hashtags to curate their work.
Social media tools are not tools for social movements, they are marketing tools.

A basic thesis sentence has two main parts:

Topic: What you’re writing about
Angle: What your main idea is about that topic, or your claim

Example Thesis Statements

Thesis: A regular exercise regime leads to multiple benefits, both physical and emotional.

Topic: Regular exercise regime

Angle: Leads to multiple benefits

Thesis: Adult college students have different experiences than typical, younger college students.

Topic: Adult college students

Angle: Have different experiences

Thesis: The economics of television have made the viewing experience challenging for many viewers because shows are not offered regularly, similar programming occurs at the same time, and commercials are rampant.

Topic: Television viewing

Angle: Challenging because shows shifted, similar programming, and commercials

When you read all of the thesis statements above, can you see areas where the writer could be more specific with their angle? The more specific you are with your topic and your claims, the more focused your essay will be for your reader.

Identifying the Thesis Statement

You’ll remember that the first step of the reading process, previewing , allows you to get a big-picture view of the document you’re reading. This way, you can begin to understand the structure of the overall text. The most important step of understanding an essay or a book is to find the thesis statement.

A thesis consists of a specific topic and an angle on the topic. All of the other ideas in the text support and develop the thesis. The thesis statement is often found in the introduction, sometimes after an initial “hook” or interesting story; sometimes, however, the thesis is not explicitly stated until the end of an essay. Sometimes it is not stated at all. In those instances, there is an implied thesis statement. You can generally extract the thesis statement by looking for a few key sentences and ideas.

Most readers expect to see the point of your argument (the thesis statement) within the first few paragraphs. This does not mean that it has to be placed there every time. Some writers place it at the very end, slowly building up to it throughout their work, to explain a point after the fact. Others don’t bother with one at all but feel that their thesis is “implied” anyway. Beginning writers, however, should avoid the implied thesis unless certain of the audience. Almost every professor will expect to see a clearly discernible thesis sentence in the introduction.

Thesis statements vary based on the rhetorical strategy of the essay. Thesis statements typically share the following characteristics:

presents the main idea
is one sentence
tells the reader what to expect
summarizes the essay topic
presents an argument
is written in the third person (does not include the “I” pronoun)

The following “How to Identify a Thesis Statement” video offers advice for locating a text’s thesis statement. It asks you to write one or two sentences that summarize the text. When you write that summary, without looking at the text itself, you’ve most likely paraphrased the thesis statement.

You can view the transcript for “How to Identify the Thesis Statement” here (download).

Writing a Thesis Statement

Remember your thesis should answer two simple questions: What topic are you writing about, and what is your position, or angle, on the topic?

A thesis statement is a single sentence (or sometimes two) that provides the answers to these questions clearly and concisely. Ask yourself, “What is my paper about, exactly?” Answering this question will help you develop a precise and directed thesis, not only for your reader, but for you as well.

A good thesis statement will:

Consist of just one interesting idea
Be specific and written clearly
Have evidence to support it

A good basic structure for a thesis statement is “they say, I say.” What is the prevailing view, and how does your position differ from it? However, avoid limiting the scope of your writing with an either/or thesis under the assumption that your view must be strictly contrary to their view.

Following are some typical thesis statements:

Although many readers believe Romeo and Juliet to be a tale about the ill fate of two star-crossed lovers, it can also be read as an allegory concerning a playwright and his audience.
The “War on Drugs” has not only failed to reduce the frequency of drug-related crimes in America but actually enhanced the popular image of dope peddlers by romanticizing them as desperate rebels fighting for a cause.
The bulk of modern copyright law was conceived in the age of commercial printing, long before the Internet made it so easy for the public to compose and distribute its own texts. Therefore, these laws should be reviewed and revised to better accommodate modern readers and writers.
The usual moral justification for capital punishment is that it deters crime by frightening would-be criminals. However, the statistics tell a different story.
If students really want to improve their writing, they must read often, practice writing, and receive quality feedback from their peers.
Plato’s dialectical method has much to offer those engaged in online writing, which is far more conversational in nature than print.

Thesis Problems to Avoid

Although you have creative control over your thesis sentence, you still should try to avoid the following problems, not for stylistic reasons, but because they indicate a problem in the thinking that underlies the thesis sentence.

For example, look at the thesis: Hospice workers need support. This is a thesis sentence; it has a topic (hospice workers) and an angle (need support). But the angle is very broad. When the angle in a thesis sentence is too broad, the writer may not have carefully thought through the specific support for the rest of the writing. A thesis angle that’s too broad makes it easy to fall into the trap of offering information that deviates from that angle.
Consider this thesis: Hospice workers have a 55% turnover rate compared to the general health care population’s 25% turnover rate. This sentence really isn’t a thesis sentence at all, because there’s no angle idea to support. A narrow statistic, or a narrow statement of fact, doesn’t offer the writer’s own ideas or analysis about a topic. A clearer example of a thesis statement with an angle of development would be the following:

Practice identifying strong thesis statements in the following interactive.

argument : in writing, the argument is the main stance, claim, or position that is supported with evidence

explicit thesis : a clear and direct statement of the writer’s claim

thesis statement : a statement of the topic of the piece of writing and the angle the writer has on that topic

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Checklist for a Thesis Statement. Provided by : Excelsior OWL. Located at : https://owl.excelsior.edu/esl-wow/getting-ready-to-write/developing-a-thesis/esl-checklist-for-a-thesis-statement/ . License : CC BY: Attribution
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How to Write a Strong Thesis Statement: 4 Steps + Examples

What’s Covered:

What is the purpose of a thesis statement, writing a good thesis statement: 4 steps, common pitfalls to avoid, where to get your essay edited for free.

When you set out to write an essay, there has to be some kind of point to it, right? Otherwise, your essay would just be a big jumble of word salad that makes absolutely no sense. An essay needs a central point that ties into everything else. That main point is called a thesis statement, and it’s the core of any essay or research paper.

You may hear about Master degree candidates writing a thesis, and that is an entire paper–not to be confused with the thesis statement, which is typically one sentence that contains your paper’s focus.

Read on to learn more about thesis statements and how to write them. We’ve also included some solid examples for you to reference.

Typically the last sentence of your introductory paragraph, the thesis statement serves as the roadmap for your essay. When your reader gets to the thesis statement, they should have a clear outline of your main point, as well as the information you’ll be presenting in order to either prove or support your point.

The thesis statement should not be confused for a topic sentence , which is the first sentence of every paragraph in your essay. If you need help writing topic sentences, numerous resources are available. Topic sentences should go along with your thesis statement, though.

Since the thesis statement is the most important sentence of your entire essay or paper, it’s imperative that you get this part right. Otherwise, your paper will not have a good flow and will seem disjointed. That’s why it’s vital not to rush through developing one. It’s a methodical process with steps that you need to follow in order to create the best thesis statement possible.

Step 1: Decide what kind of paper you’re writing

When you’re assigned an essay, there are several different types you may get. Argumentative essays are designed to get the reader to agree with you on a topic. Informative or expository essays present information to the reader. Analytical essays offer up a point and then expand on it by analyzing relevant information. Thesis statements can look and sound different based on the type of paper you’re writing. For example:

Argumentative: The United States needs a viable third political party to decrease bipartisanship, increase options, and help reduce corruption in government.
Informative: The Libertarian party has thrown off elections before by gaining enough support in states to get on the ballot and by taking away crucial votes from candidates.
Analytical: An analysis of past presidential elections shows that while third party votes may have been the minority, they did affect the outcome of the elections in 2020, 2016, and beyond.

Step 2: Figure out what point you want to make

Once you know what type of paper you’re writing, you then need to figure out the point you want to make with your thesis statement, and subsequently, your paper. In other words, you need to decide to answer a question about something, such as:

What impact did reality TV have on American society?
How has the musical Hamilton affected perception of American history?
Why do I want to major in [chosen major here]?

If you have an argumentative essay, then you will be writing about an opinion. To make it easier, you may want to choose an opinion that you feel passionate about so that you’re writing about something that interests you. For example, if you have an interest in preserving the environment, you may want to choose a topic that relates to that.

If you’re writing your college essay and they ask why you want to attend that school, you may want to have a main point and back it up with information, something along the lines of:

“Attending Harvard University would benefit me both academically and professionally, as it would give me a strong knowledge base upon which to build my career, develop my network, and hopefully give me an advantage in my chosen field.”

Step 3: Determine what information you’ll use to back up your point

Once you have the point you want to make, you need to figure out how you plan to back it up throughout the rest of your essay. Without this information, it will be hard to either prove or argue the main point of your thesis statement. If you decide to write about the Hamilton example, you may decide to address any falsehoods that the writer put into the musical, such as:

“The musical Hamilton, while accurate in many ways, leaves out key parts of American history, presents a nationalist view of founding fathers, and downplays the racism of the times.”

Once you’ve written your initial working thesis statement, you’ll then need to get information to back that up. For example, the musical completely leaves out Benjamin Franklin, portrays the founding fathers in a nationalist way that is too complimentary, and shows Hamilton as a staunch abolitionist despite the fact that his family likely did own slaves.

Step 4: Revise and refine your thesis statement before you start writing

Read through your thesis statement several times before you begin to compose your full essay. You need to make sure the statement is ironclad, since it is the foundation of the entire paper. Edit it or have a peer review it for you to make sure everything makes sense and that you feel like you can truly write a paper on the topic. Once you’ve done that, you can then begin writing your paper.

When writing a thesis statement, there are some common pitfalls you should avoid so that your paper can be as solid as possible. Make sure you always edit the thesis statement before you do anything else. You also want to ensure that the thesis statement is clear and concise. Don’t make your reader hunt for your point. Finally, put your thesis statement at the end of the first paragraph and have your introduction flow toward that statement. Your reader will expect to find your statement in its traditional spot.

If you’re having trouble getting started, or need some guidance on your essay, there are tools available that can help you. CollegeVine offers a free peer essay review tool where one of your peers can read through your essay and provide you with valuable feedback. Getting essay feedback from a peer can help you wow your instructor or college admissions officer with an impactful essay that effectively illustrates your point.

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25 Thesis Statement Examples That Will Make Writing a Breeze

Understanding what makes a good thesis statement is one of the major keys to writing a great research paper or argumentative essay. The thesis statement is where you make a claim that will guide you through your entire paper. If you find yourself struggling to make sense of your paper or your topic, then it's likely due to a weak thesis statement.

Let's take a minute to first understand what makes a solid thesis statement, and what key components you need to write one of your own.

A thesis statement always goes at the beginning of the paper. It will typically be in the first couple of paragraphs of the paper so that it can introduce the body paragraphs, which are the supporting evidence for your thesis statement.

Your thesis statement should clearly identify an argument. You need to have a statement that is not only easy to understand, but one that is debatable. What that means is that you can't just put any statement of fact and have it be your thesis. For example, everyone knows that puppies are cute . An ineffective thesis statement would be, "Puppies are adorable and everyone knows it." This isn't really something that's a debatable topic.

Something that would be more debatable would be, "A puppy's cuteness is derived from its floppy ears, small body, and playfulness." These are three things that can be debated on. Some people might think that the cutest thing about puppies is the fact that they follow you around or that they're really soft and fuzzy.

All cuteness aside, you want to make sure that your thesis statement is not only debatable, but that it also actually thoroughly answers the research question that was posed. You always want to make sure that your evidence is supporting a claim that you made (and not the other way around). This is why it's crucial to read and research about a topic first and come to a conclusion later. If you try to get your research to fit your thesis statement, then it may not work out as neatly as you think. As you learn more, you discover more (and the outcome may not be what you originally thought).

Additionally, your thesis statement shouldn't be too big or too grand. It'll be hard to cover everything in a thesis statement like, "The federal government should act now on climate change." The topic is just too large to actually say something new and meaningful. Instead, a more effective thesis statement might be, "Local governments can combat climate change by providing citizens with larger recycling bins and offering local classes about composting and conservation." This is easier to work with because it's a smaller idea, but you can also discuss the overall topic that you might be interested in, which is climate change.

So, now that we know what makes a good, solid thesis statement, you can start to write your own. If you find that you're getting stuck or you are the type of person who needs to look at examples before you start something, then check out our list of thesis statement examples below.

Thesis statement examples

A quick note that these thesis statements have not been fully researched. These are merely examples to show you what a thesis statement might look like and how you can implement your own ideas into one that you think of independently. As such, you should not use these thesis statements for your own research paper purposes. They are meant to be used as examples only.

Vaccinations Because many children are unable to vaccinate due to illness, we must require that all healthy and able children be vaccinated in order to have herd immunity.
Educational Resources for Low-Income Students Schools should provide educational resources for low-income students during the summers so that they don't forget what they've learned throughout the school year.
School Uniforms School uniforms may be an upfront cost for families, but they eradicate the visual differences in income between students and provide a more egalitarian atmosphere at school.
Populism The rise in populism on the 2016 political stage was in reaction to increasing globalization, the decline of manufacturing jobs, and the Syrian refugee crisis.
Public Libraries Libraries are essential resources for communities and should be funded more heavily by local municipalities.
Cyber Bullying With more and more teens using smartphones and social media, cyber bullying is on the rise. Cyber bullying puts a lot of stress on many teens, and can cause depression, anxiety, and even suicidal thoughts. Parents should limit the usage of smart phones, monitor their children's online activity, and report any cyber bullying to school officials in order to combat this problem.
Medical Marijuana for Veterans Studies have shown that the use of medicinal marijuana has been helpful to veterans who suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Medicinal marijuana prescriptions should be legal in all states and provided to these veterans. Additional medical or therapy services should also be researched and implemented in order to help them re-integrate back into civilian life.
Work-Life Balance Corporations should provide more work from home opportunities and six-hour workdays so that office workers have a better work-life balance and are more likely to be productive when they are in the office.
Teaching Youths about Consensual Sex Although sex education that includes a discussion of consensual sex would likely lead to less sexual assault, parents need to teach their children the meaning of consent from a young age with age appropriate lessons.
Whether or Not to Attend University A degree from a university provides invaluable lessons on life and a future career, but not every high school student should be encouraged to attend a university directly after graduation. Some students may benefit from a trade school or a "gap year" where they can think more intensely about what it is they want to do for a career and how they can accomplish this.
Studying Abroad Studying abroad is one of the most culturally valuable experiences you can have in college. It is the only way to get completely immersed in another language and learn how other cultures and countries are different from your own.
Women's Body Image Magazines have done a lot in the last five years to include a more diverse group of models, but there is still a long way to go to promote a healthy woman's body image collectively as a culture.
Cigarette Tax Heavily taxing and increasing the price of cigarettes is essentially a tax on the poorest Americans, and it doesn't deter them from purchasing. Instead, the state and federal governments should target those economically disenfranchised with early education about the dangers of smoking.
Veganism A vegan diet, while a healthy and ethical way to consume food, indicates a position of privilege. It also limits you to other cultural food experiences if you travel around the world.
University Athletes Should be Compensated University athletes should be compensated for their service to the university, as it is difficult for these students to procure and hold a job with busy academic and athletic schedules. Many student athletes on scholarship also come from low-income neighborhoods and it is a struggle to make ends meet when they are participating in athletics.
Women in the Workforce Sheryl Sandberg makes a lot of interesting points in her best-selling book, Lean In , but she only addressed the very privileged working woman and failed to speak to those in lower-skilled, lower-wage jobs.
Assisted Suicide Assisted suicide should be legal and doctors should have the ability to make sure their patients have the end-of-life care that they want to receive.
Celebrity and Political Activism Although Taylor Swift's lyrics are indicative of a feminist perspective, she should be more politically active and vocal to use her position of power for the betterment of society.
The Civil War The insistence from many Southerners that the South seceded from the Union for states' rights versus the fact that they seceded for the purposes of continuing slavery is a harmful myth that still affects race relations today.
Blue Collar Workers Coal miners and other blue-collar workers whose jobs are slowly disappearing from the workforce should be re-trained in jobs in the technology sector or in renewable energy. A program to re-train these workers would not only improve local economies where jobs have been displaced, but would also lead to lower unemployment nationally.
Diversity in the Workforce Having a diverse group of people in an office setting leads to richer ideas, more cooperation, and more empathy between people with different skin colors or backgrounds.
Re-Imagining the Nuclear Family The nuclear family was traditionally defined as one mother, one father, and 2.5 children. This outdated depiction of family life doesn't quite fit with modern society. The definition of normal family life shouldn't be limited to two-parent households.
Digital Literacy Skills With more information readily available than ever before, it's crucial that students are prepared to examine the material they're reading and determine whether or not it's a good source or if it has misleading information. Teaching students digital literacy and helping them to understand the difference between opinion or propaganda from legitimate, real information is integral.
Beauty Pageants Beauty pageants are presented with the angle that they empower women. However, putting women in a swimsuit on a stage while simultaneously judging them on how well they answer an impossible question in a short period of time is cruel and purely for the amusement of men. Therefore, we should stop televising beauty pageants.
Supporting More Women to Run for a Political Position In order to get more women into political positions, more women must run for office. There must be a grassroots effort to educate women on how to run for office, who among them should run, and support for a future candidate for getting started on a political career.

Still stuck? Need some help with your thesis statement?

If you are still uncertain about how to write a thesis statement or what a good thesis statement is, be sure to consult with your teacher or professor to make sure you're on the right track. It's always a good idea to check in and make sure that your thesis statement is making a solid argument and that it can be supported by your research.

After you're done writing, it's important to have someone take a second look at your paper so that you can ensure there are no mistakes or errors. It's difficult to spot your own mistakes, which is why it's always recommended to have someone help you with the revision process, whether that's a teacher, the writing center at school, or a professional editor such as one from ServiceScape .

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Think of yourself as a member of a jury, listening to a lawyer who is presenting an opening argument. You'll want to know very soon whether the lawyer believes the accused to be guilty or not guilty, and how the lawyer plans to convince you. Readers of academic essays are like jury members: before they have read too far, they want to know what the essay argues as well as how the writer plans to make the argument. After reading your thesis statement, the reader should think, "This essay is going to try to convince me of something. I'm not convinced yet, but I'm interested to see how I might be."

An effective thesis cannot be answered with a simple "yes" or "no." A thesis is not a topic; nor is it a fact; nor is it an opinion. "Reasons for the fall of communism" is a topic. "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe" is a fact known by educated people. "The fall of communism is the best thing that ever happened in Europe" is an opinion. (Superlatives like "the best" almost always lead to trouble. It's impossible to weigh every "thing" that ever happened in Europe. And what about the fall of Hitler? Couldn't that be "the best thing"?)

A good thesis has two parts. It should tell what you plan to argue, and it should "telegraph" how you plan to argue—that is, what particular support for your claim is going where in your essay.

Steps in Constructing a Thesis

First, analyze your primary sources. Look for tension, interest, ambiguity, controversy, and/or complication. Does the author contradict himself or herself? Is a point made and later reversed? What are the deeper implications of the author's argument? Figuring out the why to one or more of these questions, or to related questions, will put you on the path to developing a working thesis. (Without the why, you probably have only come up with an observation—that there are, for instance, many different metaphors in such-and-such a poem—which is not a thesis.)

Once you have a working thesis, write it down. There is nothing as frustrating as hitting on a great idea for a thesis, then forgetting it when you lose concentration. And by writing down your thesis you will be forced to think of it clearly, logically, and concisely. You probably will not be able to write out a final-draft version of your thesis the first time you try, but you'll get yourself on the right track by writing down what you have.

Keep your thesis prominent in your introduction. A good, standard place for your thesis statement is at the end of an introductory paragraph, especially in shorter (5-15 page) essays. Readers are used to finding theses there, so they automatically pay more attention when they read the last sentence of your introduction. Although this is not required in all academic essays, it is a good rule of thumb.

Anticipate the counterarguments. Once you have a working thesis, you should think about what might be said against it. This will help you to refine your thesis, and it will also make you think of the arguments that you'll need to refute later on in your essay. (Every argument has a counterargument. If yours doesn't, then it's not an argument—it may be a fact, or an opinion, but it is not an argument.)

This statement is on its way to being a thesis. However, it is too easy to imagine possible counterarguments. For example, a political observer might believe that Dukakis lost because he suffered from a "soft-on-crime" image. If you complicate your thesis by anticipating the counterargument, you'll strengthen your argument, as shown in the sentence below.

Some Caveats and Some Examples

A thesis is never a question. Readers of academic essays expect to have questions discussed, explored, or even answered. A question ("Why did communism collapse in Eastern Europe?") is not an argument, and without an argument, a thesis is dead in the water.

A thesis is never a list. "For political, economic, social and cultural reasons, communism collapsed in Eastern Europe" does a good job of "telegraphing" the reader what to expect in the essay—a section about political reasons, a section about economic reasons, a section about social reasons, and a section about cultural reasons. However, political, economic, social and cultural reasons are pretty much the only possible reasons why communism could collapse. This sentence lacks tension and doesn't advance an argument. Everyone knows that politics, economics, and culture are important.

A thesis should never be vague, combative or confrontational. An ineffective thesis would be, "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe because communism is evil." This is hard to argue (evil from whose perspective? what does evil mean?) and it is likely to mark you as moralistic and judgmental rather than rational and thorough. It also may spark a defensive reaction from readers sympathetic to communism. If readers strongly disagree with you right off the bat, they may stop reading.

An effective thesis has a definable, arguable claim. "While cultural forces contributed to the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, the disintegration of economies played the key role in driving its decline" is an effective thesis sentence that "telegraphs," so that the reader expects the essay to have a section about cultural forces and another about the disintegration of economies. This thesis makes a definite, arguable claim: that the disintegration of economies played a more important role than cultural forces in defeating communism in Eastern Europe. The reader would react to this statement by thinking, "Perhaps what the author says is true, but I am not convinced. I want to read further to see how the author argues this claim."

A thesis should be as clear and specific as possible. Avoid overused, general terms and abstractions. For example, "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe because of the ruling elite's inability to address the economic concerns of the people" is more powerful than "Communism collapsed due to societal discontent."

The Writing Center • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Thesis Statements

What this handout is about.

This handout describes what a thesis statement is, how thesis statements work in your writing, and how you can craft or refine one for your draft.

Introduction

Writing in college often takes the form of persuasion—convincing others that you have an interesting, logical point of view on the subject you are studying. Persuasion is a skill you practice regularly in your daily life. You persuade your roommate to clean up, your parents to let you borrow the car, your friend to vote for your favorite candidate or policy. In college, course assignments often ask you to make a persuasive case in writing. You are asked to convince your reader of your point of view. This form of persuasion, often called academic argument, follows a predictable pattern in writing. After a brief introduction of your topic, you state your point of view on the topic directly and often in one sentence. This sentence is the thesis statement, and it serves as a summary of the argument you’ll make in the rest of your paper.

What is a thesis statement?

A thesis statement:

tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion.
is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper.
directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick; a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel.
makes a claim that others might dispute.
is usually a single sentence near the beginning of your paper (most often, at the end of the first paragraph) that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.

If your assignment asks you to take a position or develop a claim about a subject, you may need to convey that position or claim in a thesis statement near the beginning of your draft. The assignment may not explicitly state that you need a thesis statement because your instructor may assume you will include one. When in doubt, ask your instructor if the assignment requires a thesis statement. When an assignment asks you to analyze, to interpret, to compare and contrast, to demonstrate cause and effect, or to take a stand on an issue, it is likely that you are being asked to develop a thesis and to support it persuasively. (Check out our handout on understanding assignments for more information.)

How do I create a thesis?

A thesis is the result of a lengthy thinking process. Formulating a thesis is not the first thing you do after reading an essay assignment. Before you develop an argument on any topic, you have to collect and organize evidence, look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the significance of these relationships. Once you do this thinking, you will probably have a “working thesis” that presents a basic or main idea and an argument that you think you can support with evidence. Both the argument and your thesis are likely to need adjustment along the way.

Writers use all kinds of techniques to stimulate their thinking and to help them clarify relationships or comprehend the broader significance of a topic and arrive at a thesis statement. For more ideas on how to get started, see our handout on brainstorming .

How do I know if my thesis is strong?

If there’s time, run it by your instructor or make an appointment at the Writing Center to get some feedback. Even if you do not have time to get advice elsewhere, you can do some thesis evaluation of your own. When reviewing your first draft and its working thesis, ask yourself the following :

Do I answer the question? Re-reading the question prompt after constructing a working thesis can help you fix an argument that misses the focus of the question. If the prompt isn’t phrased as a question, try to rephrase it. For example, “Discuss the effect of X on Y” can be rephrased as “What is the effect of X on Y?”
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? If your thesis simply states facts that no one would, or even could, disagree with, it’s possible that you are simply providing a summary, rather than making an argument.
Is my thesis statement specific enough? Thesis statements that are too vague often do not have a strong argument. If your thesis contains words like “good” or “successful,” see if you could be more specific: why is something “good”; what specifically makes something “successful”?
Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? If a reader’s first response is likely to be “So what?” then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to connect to a larger issue.
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering? If your thesis and the body of your essay do not seem to go together, one of them has to change. It’s okay to change your working thesis to reflect things you have figured out in the course of writing your paper. Remember, always reassess and revise your writing as necessary.
Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? If a reader’s first response is “how?” or “why?” your thesis may be too open-ended and lack guidance for the reader. See what you can add to give the reader a better take on your position right from the beginning.

Suppose you are taking a course on contemporary communication, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: “Discuss the impact of social media on public awareness.” Looking back at your notes, you might start with this working thesis:

Social media impacts public awareness in both positive and negative ways.

You can use the questions above to help you revise this general statement into a stronger thesis.

Do I answer the question? You can analyze this if you rephrase “discuss the impact” as “what is the impact?” This way, you can see that you’ve answered the question only very generally with the vague “positive and negative ways.”
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not likely. Only people who maintain that social media has a solely positive or solely negative impact could disagree.
Is my thesis statement specific enough? No. What are the positive effects? What are the negative effects?
Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? No. Why are they positive? How are they positive? What are their causes? Why are they negative? How are they negative? What are their causes?
Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? No. Why should anyone care about the positive and/or negative impact of social media?

After thinking about your answers to these questions, you decide to focus on the one impact you feel strongly about and have strong evidence for:

Because not every voice on social media is reliable, people have become much more critical consumers of information, and thus, more informed voters.

This version is a much stronger thesis! It answers the question, takes a specific position that others can challenge, and it gives a sense of why it matters.

Let’s try another. Suppose your literature professor hands out the following assignment in a class on the American novel: Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark Twain’s novel Huckleberry Finn. “This will be easy,” you think. “I loved Huckleberry Finn!” You grab a pad of paper and write:

Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel.

You begin to analyze your thesis:

Do I answer the question? No. The prompt asks you to analyze some aspect of the novel. Your working thesis is a statement of general appreciation for the entire novel.

Think about aspects of the novel that are important to its structure or meaning—for example, the role of storytelling, the contrasting scenes between the shore and the river, or the relationships between adults and children. Now you write:

In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.

Do I answer the question? Yes!
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not really. This contrast is well-known and accepted.
Is my thesis statement specific enough? It’s getting there–you have highlighted an important aspect of the novel for investigation. However, it’s still not clear what your analysis will reveal.
Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? Not yet. Compare scenes from the book and see what you discover. Free write, make lists, jot down Huck’s actions and reactions and anything else that seems interesting.
Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? What’s the point of this contrast? What does it signify?”

After examining the evidence and considering your own insights, you write:

Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain’s Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave “civilized” society and go back to nature.

This final thesis statement presents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content. Of course, for the essay itself to be successful, you must now present evidence from the novel that will convince the reader of your interpretation.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Anson, Chris M., and Robert A. Schwegler. 2010. The Longman Handbook for Writers and Readers , 6th ed. New York: Longman.

Lunsford, Andrea A. 2015. The St. Martin’s Handbook , 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St Martin’s.

Ramage, John D., John C. Bean, and June Johnson. 2018. The Allyn & Bacon Guide to Writing , 8th ed. New York: Pearson.

Ruszkiewicz, John J., Christy Friend, Daniel Seward, and Maxine Hairston. 2010. The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers , 9th ed. Boston: Pearson Education.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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Jerz's Literacy Weblog (est. 1999)

Thesis statement tips: helpful hacks for how to write a thesis for academic essays.

Precise Opinion : the book challenges a stereotype (a good thesis is debatable, so a good paper would also cover ways that this book perpetuates this same stereotype)
A strong blueprint would hint at why these three details add up to support the thesis statement.
A less impressive blueprint might simply list the main points the essay will cover.

There is nothing magically “correct” about a thesis on challenging a cultural stereotype. Instead of claiming that a book “ challenges a genre’s stereotypes ,” you might instead argue that some text “ provides a more expensive but more ethical solution than X ” or “ undermines Jim Smith’s observation that ‘[some quote from Smith here]’ ”. (Don’t automatically use “challenges a genre’s stereotype” in the hopes of coming up with the “correct” thesis.)

A more complicated thesis statement for a paper that asks you to demonstrate your ability engage with someone else’s ideas (rather than simply summarize or react to someone else’s ideas) might follow a formula like this:

For a short paper (1-2 pages), the thesis statement is often the first sentence. A complex thesis statement for a long paper may be part of a thesis paragraph. But it’s hard to go wrong if you put your thesis first.

Useful Formulae for Thesis Statements

If you’re not sure whether you have a good thesis statement, see whether you can fit your ideas into one of these basic patterns.

If you are just starting out, and you are still developing an original, evidence-based claim to defend, a simpler formula is probably best. Once you have done the research, and you understand the subject, then a formula like the following won’t look like random words; it will suggest a way to frame a nuanced, complex argument that goes beyond making non-controversial factual statements.

Academic Argument: Evidence-based Defense of a Non-obvious Position

Unlike a personal essay , which can rely on personal experience and general observations, a research paper must draw on evidence — usually in the form of direct quotations or statistics from peer-reviewed academic journals .
You have no reason to “defend” a position unless some expert has presented credible evidence that challenges a claim you want to make. (Finding, quoting, and engaging with that evidence is part of your task as an academic writer.)
An academic argument is not a squabble, a difference of opinions, or an attorney’s courtroom statement. The author of an academic argument is more like the judge, who, after hearing out the best arguments in favor of various possible solutions, supports the best one. An academic argument is part of a discussion that respects multiple viewpoints (as long as those viewpoints are backed by credible evidence).

Parts of a Thesis Statement

The thesis statement has 3 main parts : the limited subject , the precise opinion , and the blueprint of reasons .

1. Limited Subject

Make sure you’ve chosen a subject that meets your instructor’s requirements for the assignment. (It never hurts to ask.)

2. Precise Opinion

The precise opinion gives your answer to a question about the subject. A good precise opinion is vital to the reader’s comprehension of the goal of the essay .

3. Blueprint of Reasons

A blueprint is a plan. It lets the builder know that the foyer will be here, the living room will be to the east, the dining room to the west, and the family room will be north.The blueprint of an essay permits you to see the whole shape of your ideas before you start churning out whole paragraphs.While it’s okay for you to start writing down your ideas before you have a clear sense of your blueprint, your reader should never encounter a list of details without being told exactly what point these details are supposed to support. (For more details on the reasoning blueprint, see Blueprinting .)

If your thesis statement introduces three reasons A, B and C, the reader will expect a section on reason A, a section on reason B, and a section on reason C.

For a single paragraph, you might only spend one sentence on each reason. For a 2-3 page paper, each reason might get its own paragraph. For a 10-page paper, each reason might contain its own local thesis statement, with its own list of reasons, so that each section involves several paragraphs.To emphasize the structure of your essay, repeat keywords or paraphrased ideas from the blueprint as you introduce the sections in which you expand on each point. Crafting good transitions is a skill that takes time and practice. ( See Transitions and Reminders of Thesis ).

Note : If you repeat your blueprint phrases and your thesis statement robotically (“The third point I want to talk about is how Black Elk Speaks accurately represents the Indian lifestyle through its direct quotes from Black Elk.”), your writing will be rather dry and lifeless. Dull writing is probably better than aimless rambling, although neither is terribly effective. |

Note : A thesis statement amounts to nothing if the paper is not completely focused on that main point . Blueprinting helps create the coherency of the thesis throughout the entire essay, which makes it a necessary part of the thesis statement.

17 Oct 2000 — originally posted by Nicci Jordan, UWEC Junior 08 Dec 2000 — first posted here. Maintained by Prof. Jerz. 13 Dec 2003 — links updated 22 Sep 2006 — moderate revisions by Jerz 29 Oct 2011 — updated by Jerz 14 June 2015 — minor adjustments

Blueprinting: Planning Your Essay A blueprint is a rough but specific plan , or outline, which defines the structure of your whole essay. The blueprint, usually located within the thesis statement, is a brief list of the points you plan to make, compressed into just a few words each, in the same order in which they appear in the body of your paper.

Hochstein, Jordan, and Jerz Thesis Reminders A thesis reminder is a direct echo of the thesis statement . In a short paper, the topic sentence of each paragraph should repeat words or phrases from the thesis statement.

Dennis G. Jerz Timed Essays: Planning and Organizing in a Crunch

222 thoughts on “ Thesis Statement Tips: Helpful Hacks for How to Write a Thesis for Academic Essays ”

this did not help at all

I can’t win them all.

Gibberish person may be skimming too fast. This always helps. I’m in the middle of replying to a student email on how to rework her thesis statement and I use your explanation as a clear explanation.

This has helped a lot, thank you.

I find this page helpful. Thank you!

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please I want some more examples of how to construct a very good acedamic essays

From this class，I kind of know what is thesis statement.It is a strong support of a whole passage，it can inform people of what the passage is telling，only by using a few words .It should have the keywords and a good organization to make itself brief but rich.After learning this class，I think I will be better at writing the thesis statement.Thanks

I am doing a project for my MST…but iam finding it difficult in putting up my paragraphs which needs to include my subject and limited subject…..pliz advice me on how to put up my paragraph

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I am doing preparation of ielts exam . but I faface difficulty in grammar and especially in thesis line which I confuse that what should i write in thesis line among all kinds of essay …plz tell me but should I do to improve it.

I think you should read more and write more.After writing,you can ask someone that is good at English learning to help you know what your mistakes are.

Vehicles has become a essential part of human being life. People used to bicycle but by the time mode of commute has been replaced by car .however, still in some cities people prefer to ride bicycle for travelling.

Plz tell me how can I impressive to my intro and how can I improve my writing skill

Jonu, I’d say the most important helpful thing you can do is expose yourself to English as spoken by native English speakers, talking with people who know the language well enough that they can correct you immediately, in casual conversation, when you make one of the word-level errors that only an expert user of the language would spot. There is no shortcut — exposing yourself to a language is the only way to learn it.

I happened to come across this video, which is geared towards a young audience, but is written for English language learners. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqxuNrhKhMc

Hi i am doing the preparation of competitive exam , i have to write an Essay of 2500-2800 words, data should be critical and researched base, for example there is Essay on Climate change , then please tell me how i develop a thesis statement, and how we write thesis statement, is it is written in the start of Essay or in the end of introduction, some people said that thesis satement should be written in start other say that this written in end of introductory paragraph. please help me with example thanks

Rab, if you are looking for my advice on thesis statements, you have found the right page. If you have any specific questions or comments about the content of this page, I’d be happy to address them. I’ve already put lots of time into this page, and at the moment I can’t think of a way to present my advice any more clearly.

Although you did say “please,” even so, “tell me how I develop a thesis statement” is asking for quite a lot.

What is your college major or your area of professonal expertise? If I asked you to tell me, right here on my blog, what I need to know in order to succeed in a competitive exam in your field, what would you say?

If I went to a doctor and said “Tell me how to diagnose a patient,” or I went to a judge and said “Tell me how to interpret the law,” or I went to an artist and said “Tell me how to be creative,” do you think they would be able give me a few sentences that completely answer my question and prepare me for professional work as a doctor, judge, or artist? If they had spent years as students learning their subject matter, and additional years teaching or writing a textbook on their specialty, they might be very good in their professions but I’d bet they’d all find it tough to answer such a question in any meaningful way.

I won’t be evaluating your submission, so my opinion on debatable topics such as where the thesis should go won’t be of any specific use to you.

thesis statement should be the last statement in your introductory paragraph, it will consist of a short explanation as to why you are writing the essay and what is involved.

That’s certainly a valid place to put a thesis statement, jentar. If your instructor tells you to put a thesis statement in a certain place, then putting it anywhere else is risky. But it’s also possible to start with a paragraph that grabs the reader’s attention with a gripping example that illustrates what’s at stake, and then give the thesis statement in the second paragraph.

This is great stuff. I wonder if you didn’t mean expansive rather than expensive in the following sentence. “Instead of claiming that a book “challenges a genre’s stereotypes,” you might instead argue that some text “provides a more expensive but more ethical solution than X” or “challenges Jim Smith’s observation that ‘[some quote from Smith here]’” instead.

Thanks for your feedback. I’m glad you found the page useful. I really did mean “expensive” in that example, though I am simply suggesting that considering cost is worth exploring in an argument, depending on the kind of argument you are making.

I found the information to be very informative and easy to understand. Thank you

Hi. I began an essay on the topic ; reasons why pursuing college education is important. I had it started off this way… Aristotle said it best when he stated, “Education is the best provision for life’s journey.” Pursuing a college education provides individuals with career pportunities, higher income and experiences necessary in the journey of life. Please do you think I started off good or too weak? I need your help as this is a great assignment for me to make up for my mid semester examination which I was unable to attend!

Your instructor is the one who will grade the assignment, so he or she is the best source of feedback. Without knowing what grade/level you are, or what kind of class you are taking, I can’t really advise you. However, unless you have read Aristotle’s works yourself and can place that quote in its context, I would not recommend pulling a random quote from a website and using it to start a paper. The complete quote is “Education is the best provision for the journey to old age,” but what does that mean?

The word “best” means there is at least a “good” and a “better,” and that by some measurement or judgement, a third thing is “best.” What are the two other sayings (at least) that you have compared to Aristotle, and what are the two other things (at least) that Aristotle thinks are not as good provision for life’s journey to old age? Why does your opinion (on at least three different sayings, of which the best is Aristotle’s), and at least three different provisions for old age (of which the best is education) help you to answer your instructor’s prompt about the reasons for pursing a college education?

What we think of as “college” is very different from the education that Aristotle would have received (or provided). I suggest you look into ways that a college education encourages critical thinking, which is a different way of thinking than “Did I get the right answer? Will my teacher approve? What’s the secret ‘correct’ answer in the back of my instructor’s book that I should memorize and spit back?” Maybe your instructor wants you to determine for yourself whether you feel gaining a college education is worth the intellectual effort.

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Developing Strong Thesis Statements

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These OWL resources will help you develop and refine the arguments in your writing.

The thesis statement or main claim must be debatable

An argumentative or persuasive piece of writing must begin with a debatable thesis or claim. In other words, the thesis must be something that people could reasonably have differing opinions on. If your thesis is something that is generally agreed upon or accepted as fact then there is no reason to try to persuade people.

Example of a non-debatable thesis statement:

This thesis statement is not debatable. First, the word pollution implies that something is bad or negative in some way. Furthermore, all studies agree that pollution is a problem; they simply disagree on the impact it will have or the scope of the problem. No one could reasonably argue that pollution is unambiguously good.

Example of a debatable thesis statement:

This is an example of a debatable thesis because reasonable people could disagree with it. Some people might think that this is how we should spend the nation's money. Others might feel that we should be spending more money on education. Still others could argue that corporations, not the government, should be paying to limit pollution.

Another example of a debatable thesis statement:

In this example there is also room for disagreement between rational individuals. Some citizens might think focusing on recycling programs rather than private automobiles is the most effective strategy.

The thesis needs to be narrow

Although the scope of your paper might seem overwhelming at the start, generally the narrower the thesis the more effective your argument will be. Your thesis or claim must be supported by evidence. The broader your claim is, the more evidence you will need to convince readers that your position is right.

Example of a thesis that is too broad:

There are several reasons this statement is too broad to argue. First, what is included in the category "drugs"? Is the author talking about illegal drug use, recreational drug use (which might include alcohol and cigarettes), or all uses of medication in general? Second, in what ways are drugs detrimental? Is drug use causing deaths (and is the author equating deaths from overdoses and deaths from drug related violence)? Is drug use changing the moral climate or causing the economy to decline? Finally, what does the author mean by "society"? Is the author referring only to America or to the global population? Does the author make any distinction between the effects on children and adults? There are just too many questions that the claim leaves open. The author could not cover all of the topics listed above, yet the generality of the claim leaves all of these possibilities open to debate.

Example of a narrow or focused thesis:

In this example the topic of drugs has been narrowed down to illegal drugs and the detriment has been narrowed down to gang violence. This is a much more manageable topic.

We could narrow each debatable thesis from the previous examples in the following way:

Narrowed debatable thesis 1:

This thesis narrows the scope of the argument by specifying not just the amount of money used but also how the money could actually help to control pollution.

Narrowed debatable thesis 2:

This thesis narrows the scope of the argument by specifying not just what the focus of a national anti-pollution campaign should be but also why this is the appropriate focus.

Qualifiers such as " typically ," " generally ," " usually ," or " on average " also help to limit the scope of your claim by allowing for the almost inevitable exception to the rule.

Types of claims

Claims typically fall into one of four categories. Thinking about how you want to approach your topic, or, in other words, what type of claim you want to make, is one way to focus your thesis on one particular aspect of your broader topic.

Claims of fact or definition: These claims argue about what the definition of something is or whether something is a settled fact. Example:

Claims of cause and effect: These claims argue that one person, thing, or event caused another thing or event to occur. Example:

Claims about value: These are claims made of what something is worth, whether we value it or not, how we would rate or categorize something. Example:

Claims about solutions or policies: These are claims that argue for or against a certain solution or policy approach to a problem. Example:

Which type of claim is right for your argument? Which type of thesis or claim you use for your argument will depend on your position and knowledge of the topic, your audience, and the context of your paper. You might want to think about where you imagine your audience to be on this topic and pinpoint where you think the biggest difference in viewpoints might be. Even if you start with one type of claim you probably will be using several within the paper. Regardless of the type of claim you choose to utilize it is key to identify the controversy or debate you are addressing and to define your position early on in the paper.

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What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

Published on September 14, 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on November 21, 2023.

A thesis is a type of research paper based on your original research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a master’s program or a capstone to a bachelor’s degree.

Writing a thesis can be a daunting experience. Other than a dissertation , it is one of the longest pieces of writing students typically complete. It relies on your ability to conduct research from start to finish: choosing a relevant topic , crafting a proposal , designing your research , collecting data , developing a robust analysis, drawing strong conclusions , and writing concisely .

Thesis template

You can also download our full thesis template in the format of your choice below. Our template includes a ready-made table of contents , as well as guidance for what each chapter should include. It’s easy to make it your own, and can help you get started.

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Thesis vs. thesis statement, how to structure a thesis, acknowledgements or preface, list of figures and tables, list of abbreviations, introduction, literature review, methodology, reference list, proofreading and editing, defending your thesis, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about theses.

You may have heard the word thesis as a standalone term or as a component of academic writing called a thesis statement . Keep in mind that these are two very different things.

A thesis statement is a very common component of an essay, particularly in the humanities. It usually comprises 1 or 2 sentences in the introduction of your essay , and should clearly and concisely summarize the central points of your academic essay .
A thesis is a long-form piece of academic writing, often taking more than a full semester to complete. It is generally a degree requirement for Master’s programs, and is also sometimes required to complete a bachelor’s degree in liberal arts colleges.
In the US, a dissertation is generally written as a final step toward obtaining a PhD.
In other countries (particularly the UK), a dissertation is generally written at the bachelor’s or master’s level.

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The final structure of your thesis depends on a variety of components, such as:

Your discipline
Your theoretical approach

Humanities theses are often structured more like a longer-form essay . Just like in an essay, you build an argument to support a central thesis.

In both hard and social sciences, theses typically include an introduction , literature review , methodology section , results section , discussion section , and conclusion section . These are each presented in their own dedicated section or chapter. In some cases, you might want to add an appendix .

Thesis examples

We’ve compiled a short list of thesis examples to help you get started.

Example thesis #1: “Abolition, Africans, and Abstraction: the Influence of the ‘Noble Savage’ on British and French Antislavery Thought, 1787-1807” by Suchait Kahlon.
Example thesis #2: “’A Starving Man Helping Another Starving Man’: UNRRA, India, and the Genesis of Global Relief, 1943-1947″ by Julian Saint Reiman.

The very first page of your thesis contains all necessary identifying information, including:

Your full title
Your full name
Your department
Your institution and degree program
Your submission date.

Sometimes the title page also includes your student ID, the name of your supervisor, or the university’s logo. Check out your university’s guidelines if you’re not sure.

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An abstract is a short summary of your thesis. Usually a maximum of 300 words long, it’s should include brief descriptions of your research objectives , methods, results, and conclusions. Though it may seem short, it introduces your work to your audience, serving as a first impression of your thesis.

Theoretical framework

Your literature review can often form the basis for your theoretical framework, but these are not the same thing. A theoretical framework defines and analyzes the concepts and theories that your research hinges on.

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Best Thesis Statement Examples with Expert Comments

“Where is your thesis statement?” asks your teacher in a dramatic tone. “Where is my what?” you want to reply, but instead, you quickly point your finger at a random sentence in your paper, saying, “Here it is…”

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To avoid this sad situation (which is usually followed by a bad mark), you should clearly understand what a thesis sentence is and how to make it stronger. Discover the best and worst thesis statement examples for research papers with expert comments on them in the sections below (or simply try Custom-writing.org , and you will never have a headache with any assignments).

❓ What Is a Thesis Statement?

✅ Thesis Checklist
😃 Essay Thesis Examples
👨‍🎓️ Research Paper Thesis Examples

🔗 References

What is a thesis statement, after all? A thesis statement is a logical center and a roadmap of your paper, clearly and concisely expressed in the introduction. It aims to convince your reader of the point you are making in your research. The thesis statement summarizes your argument in one sentence.

✅ Thesis Statement Checklist

Below is a thesis statement checklist. It is a good idea to use it any time after you’ve made your statement. Make sure that it is specific, arguable, and meaningful!

This Checklist Will Help You Make Sure that Your Thesis Statement Is Specific, Arguable, and Meaningful

😃 Thesis Statement Examples for an Essay

Find good and bad examples of essay thesis statements with comments below!

👨‍🎓️ Examples of Thesis Statements for Research Papers

The situation is somewhat different with thesis sentences for research papers . Expressing your personal position is not enough for a good research paper. You should find truly weighty arguments and include them in your thesis statement.

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Take a look at the same checklist to differentiate between the worst and best thesis statement samples for research papers.

Now you can see the difference between good and bad thesis statements. This will help you create a marvelous thesis statement example of your own!

Thesis Statements – UNC Writing Center
Developing A Thesis | – Harvard College Writing Center
How to Write a Thesis Statement: Indiana State University
Creating a Thesis Statement, Thesis Statement Tips // Purdue OWL
Guide to Writing Thesis Statements – University of Washington
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Always keep your Thesis Statement under 30 words. If you do go over, you are accidentaly writing a run-on sentence.

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Competition Law Research Paper Topics

This page presents a comprehensive exploration of competition law research paper topics , designed to assist law students in their pursuit of academic excellence. As competition law continues to play a critical role in regulating market dynamics, students often face the challenge of choosing compelling research topics that reflect the evolving complexities of this field. Here, we highlight the diverse range of competition law research paper topics covered in this page, encompassing anti-competitive agreements, abuse of dominant market position, mergers and acquisitions, intellectual property issues, digital markets, international antitrust enforcement, consumer protection, public policy implications, and emerging issues in the digital era. Through this curated list of topics, students will gain insights into the multifaceted dimensions of competition law, fostering critical thinking and the ability to address real-world challenges in an ever-changing legal landscape. Whether investigating the intersection of competition law and technology or exploring the impact of global trade on market competition, this page aims to empower students with an array of research paper ideas to embark on their scholarly endeavors in competition law.

100 Competition Law Research Paper Topics

Competition law is a dynamic and multifaceted field that addresses various issues related to market competition, monopolies, consumer welfare, and economic efficiency. As law students delve into this intricate domain, they often encounter the challenge of selecting compelling research paper topics that reflect the evolving complexities of competition law. To aid students in their academic journey, we present a comprehensive list of competition law research paper topics, carefully curated and divided into ten categories, each offering unique insights into the realm of market regulation and antitrust enforcement.

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Anti-competitive Agreements:

The Role of Cartels in Market Manipulation: Case Studies and Impact on Consumers
Horizontal vs. Vertical Agreements: Analyzing the Distinctions and Legal Implications
Price Fixing and Collusion: Assessing the Challenges of Detecting and Prosecuting Anti-competitive Conduct
Leniency Programs: Evaluating the Effectiveness in Combating Cartels and Encouraging Cooperation
Trade Associations and Competition Law: Balancing Industry Cooperation and Compliance with Antitrust Regulations
Technology Cartels and the Digital Age: Investigating Anti-competitive Practices in Tech Markets
Intellectual Property and Competition: Antitrust Implications of Patent Pools and Cross-Licensing Agreements
Compliance Mechanisms for Agreements: Promoting Ethical Business Practices and Preventing Collusion
Bundling and Tying Arrangements: Analyzing the Impact on Market Entry and Consumer Choice
Antitrust Enforcement in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Addressing Market Distortions and Access to Medicine.

Abuse of Dominant Market Position:

Monopolization and Market Power: Analyzing the Criteria for Identifying Dominant Firms
Predatory Pricing and Market Entry Barriers: Evaluating the Impact on Competitors and Consumers
Exclusionary Practices by Tech Giants: The Intersection of Dominance and Digital Markets
Leveraging Dominant Position to Enter Adjacent Markets: Examining the Antitrust Implications
Essential Facilities Doctrine: Balancing Market Dominance and Access to Key Infrastructure
Market Definition and Dominant Market Shares: Methodological Challenges in Identifying Dominant Firms
Refusal to Deal and Essential Inputs: Assessing the Role of Dominant Entities in Supply Chains
Intellectual Property and Dominant Firms: Exploring the Intersection of Competition Law and Patents
Abusive Discrimination and Market Access: Analyzing the Legal Framework and Enforcement Challenges
Monopoly Regulation in Developing Economies: Promoting Fair Competition and Economic Growth.

Mergers and Acquisitions:

Merger Control Thresholds: The Balance between Market Concentration and Facilitating Business Transactions
Failing Firm Defense: Evaluating the Criteria for Allowing Mergers in Distressed Companies
Killer Acquisitions: Assessing the Impact of Acquiring Potential Competitors on Innovation
Conglomerate Mergers and Market Power: The Challenges of Analyzing Diversified Entities
Gun-Jumping and Pre-merger Coordination: The Role of Antitrust Agencies in Preventing Premature Actions
Cross-Border Mergers: Analyzing the Challenges of Harmonizing Antitrust Enforcement in Global Transactions
Market Definition in Merger Analysis: The Significance of Product and Geographic Market Definition
Remedies in Merger Control: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Divestitures and Behavioral Conditions
Merger Waves and Economic Cycles: Examining the Relationship between M&A Activities and Market Performance
Merger Notification Procedures: Streamlining the Review Process and Ensuring Effective Decision-Making.

Intellectual Property and Competition Law:

Standard-Essential Patents and FRAND Commitments: Balancing Innovation Incentives and Access to Essential Technologies
Patent Thickets and Competition: Addressing Patent Pools and Overlapping Rights
Intellectual Property Rights and Market Power: Antitrust Scrutiny of Dominant Firms with Strong IP Portfolios
Technology Transfer Agreements and Antitrust Compliance: Evaluating Licensing Practices and Competition
Trademarks and Market Distinctiveness: Analyzing the Antitrust Implications of Branding Strategies
Copyright Licensing and Competition: The Interface between Copyright and Market Competition
Big Data and Antitrust: The Impact of Data Dominance on Market Concentration and Consumer Choice
Digital Rights Management and Competition Law: Striking a Balance between Copyright Protection and Market Access
Antitrust Enforcement in the Digital Media Industry: Implications for Content Creators and Distribution Platforms
Innovation and Market Dominance: The Interaction between Patent Protection and Competition Law.

Competition Law and Digital Markets:

Big Tech and Platform Dominance: Investigating the Role of Technology Giants in Shaping Digital Markets
Data Privacy and Antitrust: Analyzing the Relationship between Consumer Data and Market Power
Online Platforms and Self-Preferencing: The Legal Boundaries of Fair Competition in E-Commerce
Algorithmic Collusion: Detecting and Addressing Collusive Behavior in Automated Systems
Digital Advertising and Competition: The Intersection of Targeted Ads and Market Concentration
The Sharing Economy and Antitrust Regulation: The Challenges of Promoting Competition in Peer-to-Peer Platforms
Internet Intermediaries and Market Fairness: Examining the Role of Online Intermediaries in Facilitating Market Access
Digital Market Definition and Geographic Boundaries: The Challenges in Defining Online Markets
Data Ownership and Market Power: The Antitrust Implications of Data Dominance in the Digital Era
E-Commerce Platforms and Exclusionary Practices: Analyzing Anti-competitive Behavior in Online Markets.

International Antitrust Enforcement:

Extraterritorial Application of Competition Law: The Legal Challenges and Global Cooperation Efforts
Cross-Border Cartels: Investigating the Challenges of Multi-Jurisdictional Prosecution and Enforcement
Regional Competition Agreements: Assessing the Role of Regional Bodies in Promoting Cross-Border Competition
Merger Control in a Globalized Economy: Harmonization and Divergence of Merger Review Procedures
Antitrust in the Digital Silk Road: The Impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative on Global Markets
International Trade and Market Access: Analyzing the Link between Antitrust and Trade Policies
Antitrust and Developing Economies: Tailoring Enforcement to Local Contexts and Economic Development
Antitrust Compliance in Cross-Border Mergers: Navigating the Legal Landscape of International Transactions
Cross-Border Antitrust Investigations: Examining the Challenges of Collecting and Sharing Evidence
Competition Advocacy in International Forums: Promoting Global Cooperation and Convergence.

Consumer Protection and Competition Law:

Misleading Advertising and Consumer Deception: The Intersection of Consumer Rights and Market Competition
Price Discrimination and Consumer Welfare: Analyzing the Impact on Vulnerable Populations
Online Consumer Rights in Digital Markets: Ensuring Fair Practices and Redress Mechanisms
Competition Law and Healthcare: Addressing Market Concentration and Access to Medicine
Financial Services and Market Regulation: Consumer Protection in the Banking Sector
Consumer Data and Privacy in the Digital Age: The Intersection of Consumer Protection and Data Dominance
Unfair Competition Practices: Analyzing the Role of Unfair Competition in Restraining Market Access and Consumer Choice
Product Safety and Market Competition: Balancing Innovation and Consumer Welfare
Consumer Empowerment and Market Information: The Impact of Market Transparency on Consumer Decision-Making
Competition Law Remedies for Consumer Harm: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Compensation Mechanisms.

Public Policy and Competition Law:

Antitrust and Innovation: The Interplay between Market Competition and Technological Advancements
Competition Policy and Economic Development: The Role of Antitrust in Fostering Economic Growth
Political Influence and Market Concentration: Analyzing the Impact of Lobbying on Antitrust Regulation
Market Regulation in Times of Crisis: Addressing Competition Challenges during Economic Downturns
National Security and Competition Law: Balancing National Interests and Open Markets
Market Power and Income Inequality: The Socioeconomic Implications of Market Concentration
Technology Transfer and National Interest: Assessing the Role of Competition Law in Safeguarding Innovation
Corporate Social Responsibility and Market Dominance: Examining Ethical Business Practices and Market Influence
Environmental Sustainability and Competition Law: The Relationship between Competition and Green Business Practices
Digital Sovereignty and Market Control: Navigating the Challenges of Global Technology Regulation.

Emerging Issues in the Digital Era:

Artificial Intelligence and Antitrust: The Challenges of Addressing Algorithmic Collusion
Blockchain Technology and Market Competition: The Potential of Decentralized Markets
Data Monopolies and Market Distortion: Antitrust Implications in Data-Driven Economies
Internet of Things and Market Dominance: The Intersection of Connected Devices and Competition Law
Virtual Markets and Market Power: Analyzing the Antitrust Impact of Virtual Goods and Services
Privacy Regulation and Competition Law: The Balancing Act between Data Protection and Market Competition
Digital Disinformation and Competition Law: Addressing Misinformation and Consumer Manipulation
Competition Law Enforcement in the Gig Economy: The Challenges of Regulating Flexible Work Arrangements
Smart Cities and Antitrust: The Impact of Technological Urbanization on Market Concentration
Cybersecurity and Market Competition: The Role of Antitrust in Protecting Against Cyber Threats.

Case Studies in Competition Law:

Microsoft Antitrust Case: Analyzing the Legacy of the U.S. v. Microsoft Corp. Case
Google Antitrust Cases: Assessing the EU’s Multiple Investigations into Google’s Market Dominance
Apple vs. Epic Games: The Antitrust Battle over App Store Policies and Market Access
Qualcomm vs. FTC: The Antitrust Litigation over Qualcomm’s Licensing Practices
Intel Antitrust Case: Examining the European Commission’s Decision on Intel’s Market Dominance
Amazon and Antitrust: Investigating Amazon’s Role as a Dominant E-Commerce Platform
Facebook and Market Dominance: The Antitrust Scrutiny of Social Media Platforms
Standard Oil and the Origins of Antitrust: A Historical Perspective on Competition Regulation
Uber and Antitrust: Addressing the Competition Challenges in the Ride-Hailing Industry
Visa and Mastercard Antitrust Cases: Analyzing the Legal Battle over Credit Card Network Fees.

In conclusion, this comprehensive list of competition law research paper topics offers a diverse and extensive range of areas for exploration in the dynamic field of antitrust regulation and market competition. From examining the implications of anti-competitive agreements to navigating the challenges of regulating digital markets, students will find ample opportunities to delve into complex legal issues and contribute to the ongoing evolution of competition law. By exploring these thought-provoking topics, students can enhance their critical thinking skills, develop a deeper understanding of legal complexities, and contribute to the advancement of competition law jurisprudence. This carefully curated collection aims to empower law students in their academic pursuits and inspire them to undertake impactful research in the realm of competition law.

Competition Law: Exploring the Range of Research Paper Topics

Competition law, also known as antitrust law in some jurisdictions, is a crucial area of legal study that aims to promote fair competition and prevent anti-competitive practices in the marketplace. It plays a vital role in maintaining a level playing field for businesses, safeguarding consumer interests, and fostering economic efficiency. As students of law venture into the realm of competition law, they are presented with a vast and ever-evolving landscape of legal issues to explore and analyze. This section delves into the multifaceted world of competition law research paper topics, highlighting key areas of interest and offering valuable insights to inspire law students in their academic pursuits.

The Evolution of Competition Law

To begin our exploration, it is essential to understand the historical development of competition law. Students can investigate the origins of antitrust regulation, examining landmark cases and legislative milestones that have shaped the field over time. They can explore how competition law has evolved to adapt to new economic challenges and technological advancements, such as the impact of globalization and the digital era on market competition.

Theoretical Perspectives in Competition Law

Competition law draws upon various economic theories to justify its existence and guide its application. Students can delve into different theoretical perspectives, such as the Chicago School of thought, the Harvard School, and the Post-Chicago School, and critically analyze their implications for antitrust policy and enforcement. This area of research allows students to explore the tensions between economic efficiency and consumer welfare, as well as the role of competition authorities in balancing competing objectives.

Comparative Analysis of Competition Laws

Conducting a comparative study of competition laws across different jurisdictions provides an enriching research opportunity. Students can compare and contrast the legal frameworks, enforcement approaches, and policy objectives of various countries, shedding light on the diversity of approaches to competition regulation and identifying potential areas of harmonization or cooperation in the global context.

Market Definition and Dominance Assessment

Defining relevant markets and assessing market dominance are critical steps in competition law analysis. Research papers in this area can explore the methodologies used by competition authorities to define markets, measure market power, and identify dominant firms. Students can examine the challenges of market definition in emerging sectors, such as digital markets and technology-driven industries.

Anti-competitive Agreements

The prohibition of anti-competitive agreements lies at the core of competition law. Students can investigate the different types of agreements, such as cartels, price-fixing arrangements, and bid-rigging, and explore the legal and economic consequences of such collusive practices. Research papers may delve into leniency programs, the role of whistleblowers, and the use of technology in detecting and prosecuting anti-competitive agreements.

Abuse of Dominant Market Position

Analyzing cases of market dominance and abuse is an area of significant interest in competition law research. Students can examine the factors that contribute to market power, such as barriers to entry, network effects, and economies of scale, and explore how dominant firms may engage in exclusionary conduct to maintain or strengthen their position in the market. This research can include the examination of cases involving monopolization, predatory pricing, and refusal to deal.

Merger Control and Consolidation

Mergers and acquisitions have the potential to impact market competition significantly. Research papers in this area can focus on the effectiveness of merger control regulations in preventing anti-competitive consolidation, the role of economic analysis in merger reviews, and the challenges of regulating cross-border mergers. Students can explore the factors considered by competition authorities when evaluating the competitive effects of mergers and the design of remedies to address potential anti-competitive concerns.

Competition Law Enforcement in the Digital Age

As the world becomes increasingly digitalized, competition law faces new challenges in addressing the unique issues arising in the digital marketplace. Students can investigate the role of competition law in regulating online platforms, data-driven markets, and the use of algorithms. They may examine the complexities of applying traditional competition principles to the digital economy and consider the role of big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning in competition enforcement.

Sector-Specific Competition Law

Competition law is often tailored to address specific industries or sectors. Students can explore sector-specific competition regulations, such as competition law in the healthcare industry, telecommunications, financial services, or energy markets. This research allows for an in-depth examination of the particular challenges and policy objectives that arise in different sectors and how competition law can be adapted to address sector-specific issues.

Competition Policy and Public Interest Considerations

Competition law enforcement is not only about promoting efficiency and consumer welfare but also involves considerations of public interest and broader societal objectives. Students can delve into the interface between competition law and public policy, examining cases where competition enforcement has been influenced by non-economic concerns, such as environmental protection, access to essential services, or cultural preservation.

The realm of competition law research offers a vast landscape of compelling topics that reflect the intricacies of market regulation, antitrust enforcement, and consumer protection. As law students engage in exploring these research paper topics, they embark on a journey to understand the complexities and significance of competition law in shaping the competitive dynamics of modern economies. Through their scholarly pursuits, students not only contribute to the academic discourse but also play a crucial role in advancing the field of competition law and its impact on society and economic welfare.

How to Choose Competition Law Research Paper Topics

Selecting a research paper topic is a crucial step in the academic journey of law students. The field of competition law offers a diverse range of fascinating and relevant issues for exploration, making the process of choosing the right research topic both exciting and challenging. This section provides valuable insights and practical tips to help students navigate the process of selecting compelling and well-defined competition law research paper topics that align with their interests, expertise, and academic goals.

Identify Your Area of Interest : Begin by identifying your area of interest within the broad scope of competition law. Are you intrigued by antitrust enforcement in the digital economy, mergers and acquisitions, or the economic implications of market dominance? By narrowing down your interests, you can focus on specific topics that resonate with your passion for the subject.
Conduct Preliminary Research : Before finalizing your research topic, conduct preliminary research to familiarize yourself with recent developments and emerging trends in competition law. Stay updated with landmark cases, policy changes, and academic publications in the field. This background research will help you identify gaps in the existing literature and potential areas for further exploration.
Define Your Research Objectives : Clearly define your research objectives and the specific questions you aim to answer in your paper. Are you seeking to analyze the effectiveness of certain competition law regulations, explore the impact of market consolidation, or evaluate the role of competition enforcement in specific industries? Having well-defined research objectives will guide your selection of a focused and relevant topic.
Analyze the Legal Framework : Competition law operates within a legal framework that varies across jurisdictions. If you are interested in conducting a comparative analysis, choose a topic that allows for a meaningful comparison of competition laws in different countries. Understanding the legal context is essential for framing your research question and methodology.
Consider Practical Implications : Assess the practical implications of your chosen research topic. How does your research contribute to the ongoing discourse on competition law? Is there potential for your findings to inform competition policy or impact the enforcement practices of competition authorities? Topics with practical significance can add value to your research and demonstrate its relevance in the real world.
Consult with Faculty and Peers : Engage in discussions with your faculty members and peers to seek their input and feedback on potential research topics. Collaborating with others can provide new perspectives, help refine your ideas, and ensure that your research aligns with academic standards and expectations.
Access to Data and Resources : Consider the availability of data and resources relevant to your research topic. Access to comprehensive data and credible sources can significantly enhance the quality and depth of your research. Ensure that you have access to the necessary legal texts, court decisions, economic data, and academic literature to support your analysis.
Timeliness and Relevance : Choose a research topic that is timely and relevant to the current state of competition law. Topics that address emerging issues, recent court decisions, or changes in regulatory approaches can attract greater interest from readers and contribute to ongoing debates in the field.
Originality and Contribution : Strive for originality in your research topic and aim to make a unique contribution to the field of competition law. Avoid topics that have been extensively covered or lack novelty. Consider how your research can fill gaps in existing literature or offer fresh perspectives on well-known issues.
Stay Open to Exploration : Finally, remain open to exploring new ideas and adjusting your research focus as you delve deeper into the literature. As you progress in your research journey, new insights may lead you to refine your research question or explore related areas that enrich your paper.

Selecting the right competition law research paper topic is a critical step in producing a compelling and impactful academic work. By identifying your interests, conducting thorough research, defining your objectives, and considering practical implications, you can narrow down your choices and choose a topic that aligns with your academic goals and contributes meaningfully to the field of competition law. Remember to seek guidance from faculty and peers, access credible resources, and stay open to exploration as you embark on your research journey.

How to Write a Competition Law Research Paper

Writing a competition law research paper requires a systematic approach that combines legal analysis, economic insights, and critical thinking. As law students delve into the complexities of competition law, they must effectively communicate their findings and arguments in a well-structured and coherent manner. This section provides valuable guidance on how to write a compelling competition law research paper, from planning and conducting research to structuring the paper and presenting the analysis effectively.

Define Your Research Question : At the outset, clearly define your research question or thesis statement. Your research question should be specific, focused, and aligned with the objectives of your study. It serves as the guiding compass throughout the writing process and ensures that your paper remains cohesive and on track.
Conduct Thorough Research : Competition law research papers require a comprehensive examination of legal texts, court decisions, academic literature, and economic data. Conduct thorough research using authoritative sources to gather relevant information, legal precedents, and empirical evidence to support your arguments.
Create an Outline : Before diving into writing, create a detailed outline that outlines the structure of your paper. An outline helps organize your thoughts, provides a logical flow to your arguments, and ensures that you cover all essential aspects of your research.
Introduction : The introduction should provide context for your research topic, present the research question, and outline the scope and objectives of your paper. Engage your readers with a compelling opening and highlight the significance of your research in the context of competition law.
Literature Review : Conduct a thorough literature review to situate your research within the existing body of scholarship on competition law. Identify key theories, legal principles, and economic concepts that inform your research and highlight any gaps in the literature that your paper aims to address.
Legal Analysis : Present a detailed legal analysis of the relevant competition law principles, statutes, and court decisions that are central to your research question. Analyze how these legal frameworks apply to the specific issues or cases you are examining. Use clear and precise legal language while supporting your analysis with authoritative sources.
Economic Analysis : If your research involves economic aspects, provide an economic analysis that complements your legal analysis. Integrate economic concepts, such as market power, consumer welfare, and efficiency, into your arguments. Use empirical data, economic models, and economic theory to support your findings.
Case Studies : Consider incorporating case studies or real-world examples to illustrate your arguments and demonstrate how competition law principles are applied in practice. Case studies provide valuable insights and strengthen the practical relevance of your research.
Antitrust Policy Implications : Discuss the policy implications of your research findings. Consider how your analysis informs antitrust policy, enforcement practices, and potential legislative reforms. Offer practical recommendations for policymakers and competition authorities based on your research.
Conclusion : In the conclusion, restate your research question and summarize the main findings of your paper. Emphasize the significance of your research and its contribution to the field of competition law. Discuss any limitations of your study and propose areas for further research.
Citations and References : Ensure that you use proper citations and references throughout your paper to acknowledge the sources of your information and ideas. Follow the appropriate citation style, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago, as required by your academic institution.
Review and Revise : Writing a competition law research paper is an iterative process. After completing the first draft, review your paper for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Revise your arguments, strengthen your analysis, and ensure that your paper adheres to academic standards.
Seek Feedback : Seek feedback from professors, mentors, or peers to get valuable insights and suggestions for improvement. Feedback from others can help refine your arguments, clarify your writing, and enhance the overall quality of your research paper.

Writing a competition law research paper requires a rigorous approach that integrates legal analysis, economic insights, and scholarly research. By defining a clear research question, conducting thorough research, and structuring your paper effectively, you can craft a compelling and impactful research paper that contributes to the vibrant field of competition law. Through careful writing and presentation of your analysis, you can convey your expertise, critical thinking, and understanding of complex legal issues to your readers.

iResearchNet’s Custom Research Paper Writing Services

At iResearchNet, we understand the challenges that law students face when tasked with writing a competition law research paper. The field of competition law is dynamic and complex, requiring a deep understanding of legal principles, economic theories, and real-world applications. We recognize the importance of producing high-quality research papers that not only meet academic standards but also contribute to the advancement of competition law knowledge. To support students in their academic journey, we offer custom competition law research paper writing services that cater to their unique needs and requirements.

Expert Degree-Holding Writers : At iResearchNet, we pride ourselves on having a team of expert writers who possess advanced degrees in law and related fields. Our writers are well-versed in competition law and have a keen understanding of legal principles and economic concepts. With their expertise, they can deliver comprehensive and well-researched papers that meet the highest academic standards.
Custom Written Works : We believe in providing personalized solutions to our clients. Each competition law research paper is custom written based on the specific requirements and instructions provided by the student. Our writers conduct thorough research, analyze legal and economic aspects, and craft original papers that address the unique research questions and objectives of each client.
In-Depth Research : Competition law research papers require in-depth research and analysis. Our writers have access to extensive academic databases, legal texts, court decisions, and economic data, enabling them to gather credible and relevant information for each paper. We ensure that our research papers are comprehensive, well-supported, and up-to-date.
Custom Formatting : Academic formatting is a crucial aspect of research papers. Our writers are proficient in various citation styles, including APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, and Harvard. They meticulously adhere to the specified formatting guidelines, ensuring that each paper is presented professionally and in accordance with the academic requirements.
Top Quality : At iResearchNet, we prioritize quality above all else. Our dedicated quality assurance team reviews each research paper to ensure accuracy, coherence, and adherence to the client’s instructions. We aim to deliver research papers that demonstrate thorough analysis, critical thinking, and a deep understanding of competition law.
Customized Solutions : We understand that each competition law research paper is unique, requiring individualized attention and focus. Our writers work closely with clients to understand their research objectives, preferences, and specific areas of interest. This collaborative approach allows us to deliver customized solutions that align with each student’s academic goals.
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How To Judge Impromptu

Basic understanding.

Impromptu is a public speaking event where students have seven minutes to select a topic, brainstorm their ideas, outline the speech, and finally, deliver the speech. The speech is given without notes and uses an introduction, body, and conclusion. The speech can be light-hearted or serious. The speech can be based upon prompts that range from nursery rhymes, current events, celebrities, organizations, and more.

In an Impromptu round the speaker draws three prompts from an envelope. After drawing the three prompts, the student must select one and begin brainstorming their ideas for the speech. In total, a student has seven minutes. This seven minutes may be divided up by the student however they see fit. For instance, they could brainstorm and outline their ideas for three minutes and then deliver a four-minute speech; or they could brainstorm and outline for one minute and speak for six minutes. There is no minimum amount of time required for brainstorming and no minimum amount of time for speaking. Therefore, the student should work to develop the best possible structure and reasoning in as short amount of time as possible. Sometimes students think it’s more impressive to speak longer, but if the ideas aren’t clear or well developed, it can detract from the overall performance.

Conversely, a well-thought out but short speech restricts a student’s ability to spend adequate time analyzing the prompt. Therefore, examine which students struck the best balance between preparation and speaking. An Impromptu speech follows a basic structure in which a student presents an introduction, body, and conclusion. Similar to other public speaking events, the introduction should provide adequate context for the trajectory of the speech. If a student has illustrated an example, conveyed their chosen prompt, and provided a thesis statement for the speech, they have created a structurally sound introduction! The most common formulation for the body of the speech is to explore two or three topic areas in greater depth. For example, if a student’s thesis focuses on cultivating innovation, they would likely introduce two effective ways to do so and use examples to prove their point. Following this, the student will conclude the speech by reiterating the prompt, thesis, and main arguments.

As a judge, ask yourself if the speaker has created sound arguments, used a structure that was easy to follow, and held your attention for the duration of their speaking time. Students who do well in those three categories have demonstrated effective Impromptu speaking skills.

Evaluating the Round

When evaluating an Impromptu round, consider three main criteria.

First, organization . Does the student have a clear structure to their speech? Are transitions used to move effectively between each part of the speech? Does the development of the speech make sense?

Second, analysis . Does the student directly address the prompt? Does the student develop justifications for their ideas and establish significance to the points?

Third, delivery . Does the student use voice, movement, and expression effectively? Is the speaker confident? Is there consistent eye contact? Is the volume appropriate?

Filling Out the Ballot

Performers are ranked compared to the other students in their room with the best performance receiving the one ranking. The judge may also assign speaker points, typically in a range from 90 and 100, with 100 being outstanding.

The judge writes on the ballot how the speaker can improve (e.g., eye contact, clarity, emotion, etc.) and what the student did well. This is an educational activity and all feedback is welcome. Please make sure the feedback is constructive and not merely critical.

The Graduate College at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

2024 research live winners.

The Graduate College is pleased to announce the winners of the 2024 Research Live! competition.

Now in its ninth year, Research Live! is a fun, fast-paced competition that celebrates graduate student research at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Twelve finalists shared their passions in three minutes or less at the Campus Instructional Facility Atrium on Tuesday, April 2.

The winners are:

The Visionary Award : $200 Vincent Carlson , Theatre, "Shatterpoints: An Adaptation Theory"

The Storyteller Award : $200 Vignesh Srinivasakumar , Computer Science, "AI Teaches AI to Teach"

The Impact Award : $200 Satinderpal Kaur , Entomology, "Flooding, Food Security and Plant-insect Interactions"

The Design Award : $200 Andrew Freeman , Electrical Engineering, "Breaking the Ice: Fast and Reliable Aircraft Wing Deicing"

The People's Choice Award : $200 Dhanush Gandavadi , Bioengineering, "Origami for Cancer Therapy"

The Grand Prize : $500 Kyle Timmer , Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, "A Biomimetic Scaffold to Improve Rotator Cuff Shoulder Repair"

Learn more about Research Live! and see the complete list of finalists.

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Honors students raise the “Barr” in inaugural Thesis in Three competition

https://www.wm.edu/as/charlescenter/about/news/honors-students-raise-the-barr-in-inaugural-thesis-in-three-competition.php

Government and anthropology double-major Erin Cearlock '24 (left) received the inaugural Barr Prize for public speaking from Stanley "Butch" Barr '62 (right) at the Charles Center's "Thesis in Three" event as a part of the Graduate & Honors Research Symposium March 22 in Sadler. (Photo by Emmanuel Sampson)

“As a Texan, the public school system made sure that I would always remember the Alamo,” explained government and anthropology major Erin Cearlock ’24, as she opened her “ Thesis in Three ” talk at the Graduate & Honors Research Symposium March 22 in Sadler.

“On the Pacific island of Rurutu, some 6,000 miles away in French Polynesia, the communities’ histories are at risk of not being remembered – or even worse – not remembered on their own terms,” Cearlock said. Cearlock reflected upon oral histories she collected and documented while on a Charles Center Honors Fellowship in Rurutu last summer. “I will always remember the Alamo,” Cearlock concluded, before honoring locals on the island who hope “that future Rurutuans will always remember the real Rurutu.” So began and ended Cearlock’s three-minute distillation of her 10,000-word Honors thesis, inviting the audience to journey through history and memory from Texas to Rurutu and back. The around-the-world trip in less than 180 seconds earned her the inaugural Barr Prize in public speaking and an accompanying $500 award. Though challenging and time consuming, the opportunity to participate in the event was well worth it, according to Cearlock. “This competition was really important for helping me to understand what the main goals of my research were and how to convey academic research to a non-academic audience,” she said.

Biology major Jessica Horner '24, neuroscience major Gabrielle Riddlemoser '24, psychological sciences major Sam Gruber '24, history major Kendall McKinley '24, and government and anthropology double-major Erin Cearlock '24 (shown left to right) competed for the Inaugural Barr Prize in public speaking March 22 in Sadler. (Photo by Emmanuel Sampson)

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PGR Three Minute Thesis (3MT®) Competition Deadline – 2pm, Monday, 8 April

The Three-Minute Thesis (3MT®) competition was developed by the University of Queensland to celebrate the exciting research conducted by doctoral research students.

Since the inaugural event at the University of Queensland in 2008 the popularity of the competition has reached global heights with 900 universities holding events across 85 countries.

In 2024, The Academy will host the competition to decide who will represent the University of Liverpool at the national 3MT® competition run by Vitae . The deadline to submit your 3MT® entry for the Faculty Heats is 2pm on Monday 8 th April 2024. The first ten submissions will each receive a prize of Presentation Clickers. The Registration Form is available by clicking here .

It is increasingly important to be able to communicate your research in an accessible and succinct style suitable for a range of audiences. The 3MT® is a fantastic way to develop these presentation and public-engagement skills whilst also competing for prizes and the prestige of becoming a 3MT® winner.

You can find out more about the competition rules, eligibility requirements and the entry process for the University of Liverpool 3MT® Competition 2024 by visiting this page . Here you will find a link to the recent online introductory session, delivered by The Academy Researcher Development team. You can read about the experience of last year’s winner in this blogpost

An online drop-in is scheduled for 3 rd April from 2pm-3pm . This is to offer practical help and support in submitting your application. No booking is required and a Zoom link to join the session is available on Canvas.

Further events and information

Starting Postgraduate Research events:

There are three online faculty forums coming up for PGRs who have recently started their PGR programmes. These sessions are tailored by Faculty and provide an opportunity, for those who are in the first year of their postgraduate research programme, to understand the typical structure of a postgraduate programme identifying what to expect and how to deal with challenges, consider different approaches to planning their research and to identify key relationships.

An experienced academic colleague from the Faculty will be in attendance to answer questions. Dates and booking links are as follows:

15 th April, 2pm, Starting Postgraduate Research in Humanities and Social Sciences
17 th April, 2pm, Starting Postgraduate Research in Health and Life Sciences
18 th April, 10am, Starting Postgraduate Research in Sciences and Engineering

You may also be interested in our upcoming Introduction to Public Engagement workshop. This will be facilitated by Laura Winters, who is the Public Engagement Officer for the Faculty of Health of Life Sciences. This session is aimed at people who are new to public engagement and will include:

An introduction to public engagement and why it’s important
An overview of all the key things you need to think about in order to create a successful public engagement activity
Examples of activities and events that have been run in the past
Opportunities to get involved in public engagement here at UoL

Details for how to book on are available here:

18 th April, 2pm, Introduction to Public Engagement

The Academy’s Researcher Development and Culture Team is committed to offering support for all researchers, academics, research-enabling staff and postgraduate researchers at all career levels, providing opportunities and developing initiatives that meet their career aspirations. Colleagues are encouraged to regularly access the Researcher Hub for a range of on-demand development opportunities to support professional practice, supplementing the live upcoming researcher development activities

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IMAGES

How To Write A Thesis Statement (with Useful Steps and Tips) • 7ESL
45 Perfect Thesis Statement Templates (+ Examples) ᐅ TemplateLab
Mastering the Thesis Statement: Examples and Tips for Academic Success
COMPETITION ESSAY
25 Thesis Statement Examples (2024)
45 Perfect Thesis Statement Templates (+ Examples) ᐅ TemplateLab

VIDEO

How to Write a THESIS Statement
Teaching class how to write thesis statement
Thesis Statement and Outline Reading Text|GROUP 4
What is a Thesis Statement?
Lecture : 4 Thesis Statement and Introduction (English Essay)
Competition in Business

COMMENTS

How to Write a Thesis Statement
Step 2: Write your initial answer. After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process. The internet has had more of a positive than a negative effect on education.
PDF Writing Center Quick reference Thesis Statements
the sense of fair play, and they should be banned from competition. TESTING YOUR THESIS It is important to test your thesis in order to make sure it answers the appropriate questions and arguments. Here are some sample questions to evaluate a thesis: • Does your thesis answer a question, propose a solution to a problem, or take a position
15 Thesis Statement Examples to Inspire Your Next Argumentative ...
Schools should start at a later time of day. Inspired by this sample essay about school start times. Beginning the school day at a later time would stabilize students' sleep patterns, improve students' moods, and increase students' academic success. #15. Schools should distribute birth control to teens.
Academic Guides: Writing a Paper: Thesis Statements
When drafting your thesis statement, avoid words like explore, investigate, learn, compile, summarize, and explain to describe the main purpose of your paper. These words imply a paper that summarizes or "reports," rather than synthesizing and analyzing. Instead of the terms above, try words like argue, critique, question, and interrogate.
Thesis Statements
The thesis statement is the key to most academic writing. The purpose of academic writing is to offer your own insights, analyses, and ideas—to show not only that you understand the concepts you're studying, but also that you have thought about those concepts in your own way and agreed or disagreed, or developed your own unique ideas as a result of your analysis.
PDF THESIS STATEMENTS
Thesis statement - A thesis statement is a direct statement that explains the topic of your essay, what you believe about that topic, and why you believe it. ... educators think high school sports do have a positive influence because the lessons learned from athletic competition add to the lessons learned in the classroom. Other educations ...
How to Write a Strong Thesis Statement: 4 Steps + Examples
Step 4: Revise and refine your thesis statement before you start writing. Read through your thesis statement several times before you begin to compose your full essay. You need to make sure the statement is ironclad, since it is the foundation of the entire paper. Edit it or have a peer review it for you to make sure everything makes sense and ...
25 Thesis Statement Examples That Will Make Writing a Breeze
What that means is that you can't just put any statement of fact and have it be your thesis. For example, everyone knows that puppies are cute. An ineffective thesis statement would be, "Puppies are adorable and everyone knows it." This isn't really something that's a debatable topic. Something that would be more debatable would be, "A puppy's ...
Developing A Thesis
A good thesis has two parts. It should tell what you plan to argue, and it should "telegraph" how you plan to argue—that is, what particular support for your claim is going where in your essay. Steps in Constructing a Thesis. First, analyze your primary sources. Look for tension, interest, ambiguity, controversy, and/or complication.
Thesis Statements
A thesis statement: tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion. is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper. directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself.
PDF Essay Planning: How to Develop a Working Thesis Statement
examine why thesis statements are crucial to a paper. For a Reader Thesis statements act as a roadmap that drive readers from one paragraph to another. Having a thesis statement gives the reader a "notice" on points that will be discussed in the paper. Moreover, having a thesis statement gives the reader a reason to continue reading. Without a
Thesis Statement Throwdown!
Thesis throwdown is a quirky combination of group collaboration, writing practice, funky music, and competition. Here's how it works: ... I edit each thesis statement and "think out loud" as I work, so students can hear what I am responding to in a positive way-strong vocabulary, parallel language, and clearly stated assertion-and ...
Creating a Thesis Statement, Thesis Statement Tips
Tips for Writing Your Thesis Statement. 1. Determine what kind of paper you are writing: An analytical paper breaks down an issue or an idea into its component parts, evaluates the issue or idea, and presents this breakdown and evaluation to the audience.; An expository (explanatory) paper explains something to the audience.; An argumentative paper makes a claim about a topic and justifies ...
Full article: Competition when cooperation is the means to success
Cooperation and competition are interactions between two or more people towards a goal with interdependent results (Pepitone, Citation 1985).Competitive behavior occurs when there is a goal that not all participants can achieve equally, and cooperative behavior occurs with a shared goal by all participants, ideally enhancing the efforts of those involved (Deutsch, Citation 2006).
Thesis Statement Tips: Helpful Hacks for How to Write a Thesis for
A thesis statement is the single, specific claim that your essay supports. A strong thesis answers the question you want to raise; it does so by presenting a topic, the position you wish to defend, and a reasoning blueprint that sketches out your defense of your chosen position. A good thesis is not merely a factual statement, an observation, a personal opinion or preference, or the question ...
Strong Thesis Statements
Using paper checkers responsibly. Pollution is bad for the environment. This thesis statement is not debatable. First, the word pollution implies that something is bad or negative in some way. Furthermore, all studies agree that pollution is a problem; they simply disagree on the impact it will have or the scope of the problem.
What Is a Thesis?
A thesis statement is a very common component of an essay, particularly in the humanities. It usually comprises 1 or 2 sentences in the introduction of your essay, and should clearly and concisely summarize the central points of your academic essay. A thesis is a long-form piece of academic writing, often taking more than a full semester to ...
Best Thesis Statement Examples with Expert Comments
Find here best thesis statement examples learn how to write strong thesis statements for your essays! Search for: Search form clear. Search. Writing Tools. ... Students should wear uniforms so that they can better concentrate on their studies and avoid unnecessary competition. Comment: This statement is clear, argumentative and, persuasive.
Competition Law Research Paper Topics
100 Competition Law Research Paper Topics. Competition law is a dynamic and multifaceted field that addresses various issues related to market competition, monopolies, consumer welfare, and economic efficiency. As law students delve into this intricate domain, they often encounter the challenge of selecting compelling research paper topics that ...
Competition: Good Or Bad? Argumentative And Thesis Essay Example (600
Competition is healthy and can produce excellence, even when a person loses, but it must be kept under control. Competition helps people to better themselves, leads to better products and results, and promotes growth. Competition is a force that drives people to succeed. Without it, it would be harder to motivate people.
How To Judge Impromptu
In an Impromptu round the speaker draws three prompts from an envelope. After drawing the three prompts, the student must select one and begin brainstorming their ideas for the speech. In total, a student has seven minutes. This seven minutes may be divided up by the student however they see fit. For instance, they could brainstorm and outline ...
Effects of Video Games: 15 Articles for a Compelling Essay
Create a strong thesis statement that clearly indicates your stance on the effects of video games - typically positive or negative. Find popular or scholarly sources that are credible and provide solid ethos , logos , and pathos (note that some sources may lean more towards logos or pathos, and that's fine, so long as you find a balance in ...
Czech Lab Graduate Student Najihah Aziz Wins UMass Chan Medical School
Czech Lab Graduate Student Najihah Aziz Wins UMass Chan Medical School Three Minute Thesis Competition. Congratulations to Czech lab PhD student Najihah Aziz, who took first prize in a UMass Chan Medical School Three Minute Thesis competition.Her 180 second talk titled "Fat is not a foe, but a future cure" described how brown fat could be used to treat diabetes.
2024 Research Live! Winners
Posted: March 29, 2024. The Graduate College is pleased to announce the winners of the 2024 Research Live! competition. Now in its ninth year, Research Live! is a fun, fast-paced competition that celebrates graduate student research at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Twelve finalists shared their passions in three minutes or less ...
Thesis Statement Of Competition And Cooperation
Thesis Statement Of Competition And Cooperation - The first step in making your write my essay request is filling out a 10-minute order form. Submit the instructions, desired sources, and deadline. If you want us to mimic your writing style, feel free to send us your works. In case you need assistance, reach out to our 24/7 support team.
Honors students raise the "Barr" in inaugural Thesis in Three competition
So began and ended Cearlock's three-minute distillation of her 10,000-word Honors thesis, inviting the audience to journey through history and memory from Texas to Rurutu and back. The around-the-world trip in less than 180 seconds earned her the inaugural Barr Prize in public speaking and an accompanying $500 award.
PGR Three Minute Thesis (3MT®) Competition Deadline
The Three-Minute Thesis (3MT®) competition was developed by the University of Queensland to celebrate the exciting research conducted by doctoral research students. Since the inaugural event at the University of Queensland in 2008 the popularity of the competition has reached global heights with 900 universities holding events across 85 countries.