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(1957) alhaji abubakar tafawa balewa, “unity and diversity in independence”.
In 1957 the Nigerian House of Representatives passed a motion requesting Independence from Great Britain and calling on that colonial power to officially set the date for that Independence as October 1, 1960. After the motion was passed, Alhaji Abubakar Balewa, a member of the House who would soon be named Nigeria’s first prime minister, gave a speech celebrating the nation’s march toward independence. That speech appears below.
Motion: That this House authorizes the Government of the Federation of Nigeria to request Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom as soon as practicable to introduce a legislation in the Parliament of the United Kingdom providing for the establishment of the Federation of Nigeria on October 1, 1960 as an Independent Sovereign State, and to request Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom at the appropriate time to support with the other Member Governments of the Commonwealth, Nigeria’s desire to become a member of the Commonwealth.
This is a great day for Nigeria. It marks the beginning of the last stage of our march toward independence and all of us who are here today should be thankful to Almighty God who has given us the opportunity to witness the events of this most memorable time.
The next three years will see the culmination of a process which has been gathering momentum year by year ever since a part of what is now Nigeria first became a British colony, ninety-six years ago. Many things have happened between 1861, the year of the annexation of Lagos, and 1957, the year in which two regions in the Federation have been granted self-government and in which the independence of the Federation itself looms large upon the horizon. We have traveled a long way and we can congratulate ourselves that after thirty-four years of being associated with what I may loosely call a form of parliamentary government, we, the people of Nigeria, have reached the stages we have today. The old Nigeria Council which was established in 1923, and which survived up to 1951, though under the new name of Legislative Council, could well be regarded as the foundation of this, our House of Representatives. We should therefore express our thanks to those eminent Nigerians, dead and living, who played so great a part in that Council and who thereby made possible the important political advance which we are witnessing today.
It was in 1952 that Nigerians were appointed Ministers and so for the first time in history, Nigerian politicians became directly associated with the formulation of government policy. Then in 1954, as a result of the constitutional discussions of 1953, Nigerian Ministers were charged with both collective and individual responsibilities over departments and other government bodies. But to me the most important result of the constitutional changes in 1954 was the introduction of a federal form of government for Nigeria—a system which I had advocated as far back as 1948 in the old Legislative Council. I am pleased to see that we are now all agreed that the federal system is, under present conditions, the only sure basis on which Nigeria can remain united. We must recognize our diversity and the peculiar conditions under which the different tribal communities live in this country. To us in Nigeria therefore unity in diversity is a source of great strength, and we must do all in our power to see that this federal system of government is strengthened and maintained.
Because of my firm belief in the need for national unity, I decided that the country ought to have a National Government so that the three major political parties, the NCNC, the Action Group, and the NPC, could be closely associated with the making of policy and planning in preparation for 1960. I regard the period between now and 1960 as one of national emergency—a period in which we should bury our political differences and work together as a team so that our ambition to achieve independence may be realized. In all this I must express my gratitude to Dr. Azikiwe, to Chief Awolowo, to Dr. Endeley, and to the leader of my own party, the Sardauna of Sokoto, for their cooperation and support for my decision. At first we shall still need financial and technical assistance, and we trust that our friends abroad and in the Commonwealth will not fail us here; but in the future we ourselves must work to create a balanced and, as far as is humanly possible, a self-sufficient economy.
Nigeria’s economy has been closely linked with that of the United Kingdom, and we intend to strengthen that link to the advantage of both countries. After independence, we shall continue to look first to Britain to supply those technical officers whose services we need so much.
I must return to my main theme. The future of this vast country of Nigeria must depend in the main on the efforts of ourselves to help ourselves. This we cannot do if we are not working together in unity. Indeed unity today is our greatest concern and it is the duty of everyone of us to work to strengthen it. Bitterness due to political differences will carry Nigeria nowhere and I appeal to all political leaders throughout the country to try to control their party extremists. Nigeria is large enough to accommodate us all in spite of our political differences.
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Wilfred Cartey and Martin Kilson, The Africa Reader: Independent Africa (New York: Vintage Books, 1970).
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Unity in Diversity: Re-fixing Nigeria through Socio-cultural Differences
By: Abdulmalik Adetola Lawal
Below-listed are several ways to achieve Unity and even development in diversity;
Socio-Cultural Interaction:
Culture and historic interactions are keys for achieving sustainable development. The culturally sensitive urban environment approach promotes social cohesion and cultural pride through participation in the local community and urban spaces.
Understanding and considering the cultural aspect of society is critical to adapting development approaches to local contexts and ensuring successful outcomes. Artistic rights, heritage, cultural identity, cultural life, and the integration of cultural expression, encapsulated in interactions, are fundamental realities and essential tools which stimulate dialogue and provide legitimacy for collective and participatory governance.
Cultural rehabilitation and conference are crucial for stabilization and sustainable development. The integration of artistic expression is a vital tool in stimulating dialogue. National Conference involves people of different cultural milieu, where the idea is share on various issues facing the Nation. And Coming together with a robust solution might also serve as an integrated means for National development and Unity.
Marrying of Natural Resources:
Nigeria as a country is known as a land blessed with natural resources, not just in a single region but all over the regions. This, therefore, could be a significant measure to fix the country. For instance, Northern Nigeria is blessed with sizeable agricultural production and some specific products unavailable in other regions. Southern Nigeria is bestowed with oil and gas, salt, coal, iron ore, and many more, while western Nigeria with gold, bitumen, coal, lead limestone, and iron zinc. Suppose these numerous natural resources are bind together for trade or exportation, rather than individualistic management. In that case, Nigeria will be the most significant trade market in history and lessen the poverty rate. Thereby, foster Unity and rapid development.
Teaching Ethnographical and Ethnological Studies in Schools:
Education as a tool is a critical way of inculcating an idea and teaching people. It will enlighten people and widen their horizons, which in the long run changes people's psychological predisposition and affects their social and mental behavior and interaction with people. Ethnography is the systematic and scientific investigation of the ways of life of a people. Ethnography is "the account of a particular community, society or culture." Ethnology, on the other hand, is the comparative analysis of cross-cultural accounts. This is to identify similarities and differences to ascertain changes and developments that have taken place across various Nigerian cultures over time and space. With this, cultural differences could be taught in school. And it may enhance the positive orientation of one culture and another, which will, in turn, foster peaceful co-operation of people with different backgrounds and improve positive interactions amongst people in the country.
In an interview with Eniola Abdulroqeeb Arowolo—a student and poet—he said, “As a Yoruba, I think there are many ways the government can consider to eliminate tribalism. One—which I think is mandatory—is the ability to orientate people of different ethnic backgrounds to have a sense of nationalism, i.e., believing that we are all one as a nation. I shouldn’t see an Igbo or Hausa as somewhat inferior, devious, or heinous to me. Another is qualitative education that teaches this mentality. However, this education begins from homes where parents acknowledge the fact that all humans are equal and by instilling these moral values in their children."
According to Sulaiman Tajudeen, speaking from Hausa's perspective, "Although the government has created the National Youth Service Corps to unite people from different ethnic groups, it is not working. Various cultures should be added to compulsory subjects in schools to orient the similarities and cultural diversities. " he stated.
With these recommendations, Nigeria can once come together again through these cultural similarities and differences.
There's a silver lining and a brighter future for us. It will create nothing but a strong country with solid love, fair dealing, positive interaction, and resourceful social and cultural contribution. While also redefining Africa as a Giant.
Senior Lecturer, Covenant University
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Felix Chidozie does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
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Democracy in Nigeria has been characterised by election rigging , rotation of the same set of candidates for various electoral positions and subversion of the rule of law . Thuggery, god-fatherism, imposition of candidates by political parties, internal party rivalry and general apathy by voters are other features.
Some have adopted the view that the British colonial administration in Nigeria interrupted the country’s cultural evolution through premature amalgamation. This resulted in the marriage of strange bed mates. In this vein scholars mention the divide-and-rule policy of the British colonial administration as the beginning of the animosity and divisions among different cultural groups in the country.
Other observers have traced the challenge of democracy to the eagerness of the minority political elites in Nigeria to exploit cultural differences to further their political agenda. To these scholars, the Nigerian elite often trumpets religion, for example, to discredit opponents and win elections.
The above notions are instructive.
But, in my view the crisis facing democracy in Nigeria is not so much in the cultural plurality of the country as in the unwillingness of political elites to create the space capable of dealing with both social complexity and cultural pluralism.
In order words, the problem of Nigeria’s democratic experiment lies in the lack of a constitutional machinery. There have been repeated calls for reforms to the 1999 constitution . Ideas include accommodating the interests of different cultural groups. Changes should also institute the space for public participation and debates. Both are encapsulated in the principle of popular rule.
Cultural plurality
Nigeria is one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world. This heterogeneity rests on ethnic, religious, linguistic and historic differences.
Nigeria is made up of over 200 million people . It has 300 ethnic groups , over 520 languages, several dialects and religions.
This unique demographic composition has continued to create problems of cohabitation. An example is the Nigeria Civil War (1967-1970) which had its origin in ethnic and religious politics. The conflict claimed an estimated 100,000 military casualties while between 500,000 and two million Biafran civilians died of starvation.
The First Republic (1 October, 1960 to 15 January, 1966) was a watershed in Nigeria’s democratic practice. An attempt to unify the country failed. The result was election violence and eventually a military coup . Both created a constitutional crisis and deep-seated hostility.
The counter-coup of 28 July 1966 was spurred by what some military establishments from the North tagged a retaliation of the initial “Igbo coup”. It further tore the fabric of ethnic unity in Nigeria.
It was not surprising that the retaliatory coup and the anti-Igbo pogrom that followed in the North, meant that the centre could no longer hold. This led to the bitter civil war, the consequences of which are still with Nigerians today. The nationalist agitations by a segment of the Igbo ethnic group represented by the Indigenous People of Biafra and the trial of its leader, Nnamdi Kanu are evidence.
In effect, the fear of domination of one ethnic group or section by another has persistently undermined efforts at democratic consolidation in Nigeria.
Efforts to deal with the problem
The country has made concerted efforts to address the challenges of nation building and democratic sustainability. These have included:
constitutional reforms. The country has held numerous constitutional conferences all of which have failed.
zoning formula. This has involved political parties allocating their elective positions and offices to different sections of the country.
rotational presidency. There is an informal agreement between different nationalities that the presidential office will be occupied within specified periods and terms.
federal character principle: this is a quota system that accrues to each region of the country in terms of offices at federal establishments.
political restructuring. This refers to the effort being made to enable the federal government to shed some of its powers. It also represents devolution of powers from the centre to the regions.
There is also local government reforms, state creation exercises, bureaucratic reforms and National Youth Service Corps Scheme.
But these institutional efforts to unify Nigeria’s multicultural dilemma have failed.
I think this is because none have attempted to address what I consider to be the biggest threat to democracy in the country – the mixture of ethnicity and religion.
Ethnicity and religion
Almost all social, political and economic relations in Nigeria revolve around two identity formations: the two dominant religious groups in the country – Islam and Christianity.
This unique composition has the Hausa-Fulani to the North who are predominantly Muslims, and the Igbo/Yoruba to the South, who are predominantly Christians.
The geographical arrangement keeps presenting itself in Nigeria’s democratic experiment. This is particularly true in relation to the presidential office which has been occupied much longer by the Hausa-Fulani Muslims to the North.
There is a heavy concentration of power embedded in the presidency. This has enabled the ethnic group occupying the position to allocate more resources to its regions.
Similarly, the ethnic militia agitations and the pressures for secession by some ethnic groups are all in relation to the dominance of the power at the centre by the North.
Looking to the future
It is clear that Nigeria has failed to harness the rich tapestry of its cultural varieties within a constitutional democracy. Consequently, the rich differences in the country’s cultural orientations, which ought to promote the principle of constitutional democracy, have had the opposite effect.
In my view democracy can work to the benefit of Nigeria. Ordinary people should demand that ways are created for them to participate in decisions that affect them, regardless of their ethnic or religious identity. This should be the case in spite of the intervening centrifugal forces of ethnic pluralism and cultural diversity.
For its part, the country’s leadership should minimise the politicisation of ethnicity and religion. And it should replace nepotism and sectionalism with meritocracy.
The excessive powers vested in the federal government should also be decentralised. This would enable different regions to regain autonomy, thus spreading the putative benefits of federalism.
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Nigeria @61: Need for unity in diversity
Unity in diversity is a phrase that signifies the unity among people with diverse cultural, religious beliefs, social status and other demographic differences. Nigeria is a nation of large population consisting of people with different belief, tradition, religion, etc. It is home to over 250 ethnic groups, with over 500 languages, and the variety of customs, and traditions among them gives the country great cultural diversity. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa 27.4% of the population; along with the Yoruba 21% and Igbo 18%. The various ethnic groups differ in language, which is the most remarkable difference which distinguishes one culture from the other in Nigeria. We have over 250 indigenous languages in the country and two major religions – Christianity and Islam. There are various traditional religious beliefs in Nigeria. The difference has been a major rationale behind past conflicts and also present conflicts just like the Kafanchan-Kaduna crisis in the 1980s and 1990s, the Kaduna Sharia riots of 2,000 and the Jos riots of 2001. These conflicts are as a result of colonization, the struggle for position and power, resource control, social class status and land disputes. But all arising conflicts have been managed through uniting various people from different ethnic groups, religion and tradition. This shows why untiy is important, irrespective of our religion, culture, tradition, political interest and socio-economic status.
Unity in diversity plays an important role in the development of our country because a country which is integrated will always attain development. It will face fewer internal issues than a country that is socially unstable and divided. .
Our diversity has been the cause of conflicts in the nation but unity in diversity will help us in maintaining peaceful co-existence despite our diverse culture and backgrounds. It will also help us to stay united despite our disagreements..
Although our country is diverse, but when we unite, it does not only add value to our nation but will also carve a good image of our country to the world. It sets an example globally by displaying the values and morals of the citizens of our country as people who respect and support each other despite being from different backgrounds and cultures..
Just as the saying goes, “United we stand, divided we fall” we must unite as one nation and one people for Nigeria to stand and to progress to be a better place for its people. .Ibrahim Hassan Mshelia,Maiduguri, Borno state
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Speech On Unity In Diversity - 10 Lines, Short and Long Speech
Speech on unity in diversity.
From the different colours of our skin to the various cultures and traditions we come from, it is our differences that make us special and unique. But it is not enough to recognize and appreciate these differences. It is vital that we also strive for unity, for it is only through an agreement that we can truly thrive as a society. As the famous quote by Martin Luther King Jr. says, "We may have all come on different ships, but we are in the same boat now." Here are some sample speeches on unity in diversity.
10 Line Speech On Unity In Diversity
Unity in diversity is the idea that despite our differences, we can come together and work towards a common goal.
It is important to respect and embrace the differences of others and seek to understand their perspectives and experiences.
Unity in diversity can create a sense of community and belong and contribute to the overall strength and success of society.
There are many examples of unity in diversity in the world, from the various cultures and traditions that make up our communities to the diverse backgrounds and experiences of individuals.
Unity in diversity is not about ignoring or erasing our differences but rather about celebrating and embracing them.
It is only through unity that we can truly thrive as a society and work towards creating a more inclusive and harmonious world.
Unity in diversity can be achieved through open communication and dialogue, as well as a willingness to listen and learn from one another.
It is essential to recognize that unity in diversity is not a one-time effort but rather a continuous process of understanding and respecting others.
By embracing unity in diversity, we can create a more compassionate and understanding world where everyone is valued and included.
The beauty and strength of unity in diversity is something that should be celebrated and embraced, as it is through our differences that we can indeed come together and thrive as a society.
Short Speech On Unity In Diversity
Unity in diversity is the idea that we can come together despite our differences and work towards a common goal. It is a concept rooted in the belief that diversity enriches and strengthens society and that unity is the key to creating a harmonious and prosperous community.
From the various cultures and traditions that make up our communities to the diverse backgrounds and experiences of individuals, This diversity is what makes our world unique and special, and it is crucial that we embrace and celebrate it. It is important that we also strive for unity, for it is only through unity that we can truly thrive as a society. As the famous quote by Mahatma Gandhi states, "Unity in diversity is the highest possible attainment of a civilization, a testimony to the noblest possibilities of the human race."
How Do We Achieve Unity In The Midst Of Diversity?
It starts with respect and understanding. We must respect and embrace the differences of others and seek to understand their perspectives and experiences. By doing so, we can create a sense of community and belong and work towards a common goal of creating a harmonious society. It is through our differences that we can truly enrich and strengthen society, and it is vital that we embrace and celebrate them. By striving for unity, we can create a more harmonious and successful world.
Long Speech On Unity In Diversity
As the quote by Desmond Tutu says, "If you want to make peace with your enemy, you have to work with your enemy. Then he becomes your partner."
Unity in diversity is a concept that is essential to the success and well-being of any society. It refers to the idea that despite our differences, we can come together and work towards a common goal. This concept is not about ignoring or erasing our differences but rather about celebrating and embracing them and recognizing that it is through our diversity that we can truly thrive as a society.
Example Of Unity In Diversity
In India, for example, there are over 1,600 languages spoken, and numerous religions and cultural practices coexist alongside one another (Reference: Census of India, 2011). This diversity is celebrated in the country's motto, "Unity in diversity," which highlights the importance of coming together despite our differences. But unity in diversity is not just about celebrating and embracing differences; it is also about respecting and understanding them.
Achieving Unity In Diversity In Practice
It starts with open communication and dialogue, as well as a willingness to listen and learn from one another. By coming together and listening to one another, we can learn from each other's experiences and create a sense of community and belonging. It is also essential to recognize that unity in diversity is not a one-time effort but rather a continuous process of understanding and respecting others.
As the old saying goes, "Rome wasn't built in a day," and it takes time and effort to create and maintain unity in diversity. In fact, it is often during times of conflict and disagreement that the importance of unity in diversity becomes most evident. By coming together and working towards a common goal, we can find solutions to even the most difficult problems and challenges.
Belongingness and community | Unity in diversity can lead to increased productivity and economic growth, as well as a decrease in crime and social unrest. As the quote by the Greek philosopher Xenophon states, "A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in." By embracing unity in diversity, we can create a more compassionate and understanding world where everyone is valued and included.
Unity in diversity is about celebrating and embracing our differences and seeking to understand and respect the perspectives and experiences of others. By embracing unity in diversity, we can create a more inclusive, compassionate, and understanding world where everyone is valued and included.
However, it is not enough to recognize and appreciate our differences. It is crucial that we also strive for unity, for it is only through unity that we can truly thrive as a society. As the saying goes, "unity is strength." When we come together and work towards a common goal, we are able to accomplish so much more than we could individually.
Explore Career Options (By Industry)
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- Information Technology
Data Administrator
Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.
Bio Medical Engineer
The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary.
Ethical Hacker
A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.
GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.
Data Analyst
The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.
Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.
Geothermal Engineer
Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.
Database Architect
If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi .
Remote Sensing Technician
Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive.
Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.
Budget Analyst
Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.
Underwriter
An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.
Finance Executive
Product manager.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
Operations Manager
Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.
Stock Analyst
Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.
A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.
Welding Engineer
Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.
Transportation Planner
A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.
Environmental Engineer
Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems.
Safety Manager
A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.
Conservation Architect
A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.
Structural Engineer
A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software.
Highway Engineer
Highway Engineer Job Description: A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.
Field Surveyor
Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials.
Orthotist and Prosthetist
Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.
Pathologist
A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.
Veterinary Doctor
Speech therapist, gynaecologist.
Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.
Audiologist
The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.
An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.
Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.
For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.
Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.
Video Game Designer
Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.
Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.
Radio Jockey
Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.
A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.
Choreographer
The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.
Social Media Manager
A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.
Photographer
Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.
An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story.
They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.
Copy Writer
In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.
In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.
Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.
For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.
Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.
Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.
Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.
Corporate Executive
Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.
Multimedia Specialist
A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.
Quality Controller
A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.
A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.
Production Manager
A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.
Process Development Engineer
The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.
AWS Solution Architect
An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.
Azure Administrator
An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.
Computer Programmer
Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.
Information Security Manager
Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack
ITSM Manager
Automation test engineer.
An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process.
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Promoting Unity in Nigeria
Nigeria is a country that dazzles with diverse cultures, traditions, and languages, yet division mars its promise. Ethnic and religious tensions fuel disunity, which stems from internal and external forces tangled in a complex interplay, posing a perilous challenge.
To surmount division, the government must address root causes like corruption, marginalization, and poverty. Civil groups, religious leaders, and stakeholders promote peace, engage in dialogue, and counter divisive narratives.
Nigeria’s diversity is undoubtedly a source of pride for its citizens, but it also presents unique challenges. The country is home to over 250 ethnic groups, each with its language, culture, and traditions. This diversity should be celebrated, but it can also lead to mistrust and division, which is why unity is crucial.
One way to promote national unity is through education. A robust education system that emphasizes national values and promotes a shared identity can help counter divisive narratives and foster a sense of belonging among Nigerians.
Furthermore, the government should focus on providing equal opportunities for all Nigerians, regardless of their background. Addressing issues like poverty, unemployment, and inequality can help reduce the sense of marginalization and exclusion that often leads to disunity.
Nigeria’s leaders must demonstrate a commitment to unity and act in the best interest of the country. Mindset change is also crucial. Nigerians must see diversity as a strength and embrace a shared identity. Cultural exchanges, national events, and education can foster belonging and pride in the country.
Overcoming disunity requires a multi-pronged effort that addresses the root causes of the problem, builds unity, and empowers Nigerians to forge a common identity and shared destiny.
In conclusion, Nigeria’s diversity is both a strength and a challenge. To promote unity, the country must invest in education, address issues like poverty and inequality, and have leaders committed to the country’s best interests. By doing so, Nigeria can overcome its challenges and create a brighter future for all its citizens. Through a concerted effort by all stakeholders, Nigeria can realize its full potential and become a model for diversity and unity in Africa and the world.
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International Conference on Federalism Mont-Tremblant, October 1999 Session 2A) CSD Theme Plenary: Social Diversity and Federalism NIGERIA’S FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONS AND THE SEARCH FOR “UNITY IN DIVERSITY” By Alex I. Ekwueme Former Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (1979-1983) INTRODUCTION Although parts of present day Nigeria had had contact with Europe as far back as the 15th Century and had developed bilateral relations up to the point of exchange of envoys, and although Lagos, the former capital of Nigeria, had been ceded to the British Crown by a treaty of 1861, it was not until 1914 that modern colonial Nigeria came into being through amalgamation of the Colony of Lagos and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria with the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria. This amalgamation was engineered by Lord Lugard, who became Nigeria’s first Governor General. From the onset, therefore, Nigeria was a country with marked diversity, as between the predominantly Moslem far North with an established feudal system, the West with established traditional institutions overlaid on a fairly volatile subject population, and a republican and ultra-democratic East. This is obviously an over-simplification of a very complex and diverse country comprising about 400 different ethnic groups. From 1914, Nigeria went through the constitutional changes of 1922 which created, for the first time, a Nigerian Legislative Council made up of a majority of official and nominated members but in which some Nigerian nominated and elected members participated for the first time, albeit in an advisory capacity, in law-making. In spite of the diversity of the country, the form of colonial government was a unitary one notwithstanding the application of a system of indirect rule throughout Northern Nigeria. In some of the Northern areas without a strong history of “Emirship” or paramount rulership, these were created by fiat as evidenced, for instance, by the institution of the TOR-TIV over the TIV NA/Division and the OCH’IDOMA over the IDOMA NA/Division. With the end of the second world war, constitutional changes took place rather more rapidly from 1946 to 1951 when a quasi-federal arrangement was put in place and limited ministerial government was for the first time introduced. This arrangement was considered less than satisfactory and Nigeria’s political leaders, after a series of conferences with British colonial authorities, settled on federalism as the most appropriate form of government for Nigeria. The popular slogan for Nigeria in those formative years was “Unity in Diversity”. THE 1954 FEDERAL CONSTITUTION Nigeria became a truly federal country with the coming into force on lst October 1954 of “The Nigeria (Constitution) Order in Council 1954” which was made on 30th August 1954 and laid before the British Parliament on 3rd September of the same year. The constitution provided that “The Northern Region of Nigeria, the Western Region of Nigeria, the Eastern Region of Nigeria, the Southern Cameroons and the Federal Territory of Lagos shall form a federation which shall be styled the Federation of Nigeria”. There was established for the federation a Legislative House, styled the House of Representatives, which also legislated for the Federal Territory of Lagos. The legislatures of the Northern and Western regions were bicameral, each consisting of a House of Assembly and a House of “Chiefs” to accord due emphasis to the influence which the kingship and traditional institutions wielded in these two regions. By contrast, the Legislature in the Eastern Region and the Southern Cameroons where kingship institutions were not so nearly well and widely established consisted only of a House of Assembly (although after three years or so, the Eastern Region also established a House of Chiefs). It is instructive that the Southern Cameroons which was previously administered as part of the Eastern Region was excised and became a separate federating unit. By contrast, the Northern Cameroons, which had stronger religious, cultural and linguistic affinity with other parts of Northern Nigeria, continued to be administered as an integral part of that region. The composition of the membership of the various Legislative Houses also pointed to some diversity. Whereas the Northern House of Assembly, the Western House of Assembly and the House of Assembly of the Southern Cameroons had provision for up to five, four and three “Special Members” respectively to “represent interest or communities not otherwise adequately represented in the House” in addition to the elected members, there was no such provision for the Eastern House of Assembly. The House of Assembly of the Southern Cameroons alone of all the Legislative Houses had provision for six “Native Authority Members” to represent the peculiar interest of the local authority areas. The Northern House of Chiefs had provision for a member who would be an “Adviser on Muslim Law”, the region being predominantly Muslim. No such provision for a member to represent other religious interests existed elsewhere. The constitution also provided that The official language of the House of Representatives and of the Legislative Houses of the Western Region, the Eastern Region and the Southern Cameroons shall be English. The official languages of the Legislative Houses of the Northern Region shall be English and Hausa This arrangement reflected the gap in acquisition of western education as between the rest of the country and the Northern Region. At the executive level, the Constitution provided for the appointment of a Premier from among the members of the Legislative Houses for the Northern, Western and Eastern Regions but not for the Southern Cameroons. There was also, at that time, no provision for a Prime Minister for the Federation. Also, provision was made for a Governor-General for the Federation with power to appoint a Deputy Governor-General, a Governor and Deputy Governor for each of the Western and Eastern Regions, a Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner for the Southern Cameroons, but only a Governor but not a Deputy Governor for the Northern Region. Under this Constitution, the Public Service and the High Courts were also regionalised. It should be noted that apart from excision of the Southern Cameroons from the Eastern Region and excision of the Federal Territory of Lagos (that is, Lagos municipality) from the Western Region, the areas of the regions remained substantially the same as described in “The Nigeria (Constitution) Order in Council, 1951”. With many ethnic nationalities in Nigeria, each of the three regions had within its territory one major ethnic group and several ethnic minorities. In the Northern Region, the almost indistinguishable amalgam between the Hausa and the Fulani referred to, for short, as Hausa-Fulani, represented a majority; in the Western Region, the Yoruba were the majority ethnic group and in the Eastern Region it was the Igbo that constituted the majority ethnic group. Besides, the geographical boundaries, except that between the East and the West which was the River Niger, were largely arbitrary and in most cases paid scant regard to the boundaries between ethnic groups. The leadership of each region as represented by the Premier was in all three regions produced by the majority ethnic group. THE WHILINK “MINORITIES” COMMISSION In the run-up to independence, the minorities within each region became increasingly restive and uncertain as to their future in a Nigeria that would be governed entirely by Nigerians without British supervision or protection. There were demands by them for creation of a Middle Belt Region from the North, a Midwest Region from the West, and a Calabar-Ogoja-Rivers Region from the East. These proposed regions were to embrace some “minorities” from each of the existing regions and it was expected that creation of the new regions would largely allay the fears of the minorities. Accordingly, in 1957, the Colonial Office appointed a Commission known as the Willink Commission after its chairman, Henry Willink To ascertain the fears of minorities in any part of Nigeria and to propose means of allaying those fears whether well or ill founded; To advise what safeguards should be included for this purpose in the Constitution of Nigeria; If, but only if, no other solution seems to the Commission to meet the case; then, as a last resort to make detailed recommendations for the creation of one or more new states Apart from the demand for creation of new states, there was also the renewed demand for merger of the Yoruba-speaking peoples of Ilorin and Kabba with the Western Region. Indeed, as early as 1949, the Western Regional Conference meeting in Ibadan demanded that the Yoruba of Ilonn and Kabba be merged with their kith and kin in the Western Region and that the Igbo of Asaba and Aboh divisions should likewise be merged with their kith and kin in the Eastern Region. The Commission concluded that on its own merits, a separate state would not provide a remedy for the fears expressed; that it was seldom possible within each region to draw a clear boundary which would not create a fresh minority; that the increase in the number of regions each exercising the same power as the existing regions would generate very high cost in overheads, not only financial but in terms of resources, particularly of trained minds. The Commission was of the view that “tribal differences” which had become less acute over time had, with the approach of independence, been exacerbated with a “sharp recrudescence of tribal feeling” which it hoped would, with the reality of independence and the vast responsibility attendant thereto, be reversed in the years ahead. On this premise, the Commission did not consider it necessary to create new states which could enshrine tribal separation in a political form and so render it permanent. The Commission recommended that the fears of minorities could largely be allayed by the declaration of the “Ijaw country” as a special area under a Board that would see to its development jointly by the Eastern and Western Regions and the Federal Government; the creation of an Edo Council in the Western Region and a Calabar Council in the Eastern Region; the reorganisation of the Nigeria Police Force; and the entrenchment in the Constitution of Fundamental Rights including the Right to life, Protection against inhuman treatment, Protection against slavery or forced labour, the Right to liberty, the Right to respect for private and family life, the Right to a public hearing and fair procedure in criminal charges, Protection against retrospective legislation, Freedom of expression, Freedom of peaceful assembly, Freedom of movement, the Right to marry, Freedom of religion, Freedom of religious education, the Enjoyment of fundamental rights without discrimination, and the Enforcement of fundamental rights generally. THE 1960 INDEPENDENCE CONSTITUTION The Constitution of the Federation of Nigeria 1960 (the Independence Constitution), being the Second Schedule to the Nigeria Independence Act 1960 passed by the British Parliament, apart from transferring power from an appointed Governor-General of the Federation and Governors of the Regions to a Federal Prime minister (with his Cabinet) and to Regional Premiers (with their Cabinets), was not radically different in structure from its predecessor, the 1954 Constitution. Under this Constitution, the Queen of England continued to be the Head of State of Nigeria and was represented in Nigeria by the Governor-General irrespective of whether he was British or Nigerian. The final Court of Appeal for Nigeria continued under the Constitution to be the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. For the first time, the Supreme Court of Nigeria was given power to hear appeals from the Sharia Court of Appeal of the Northern Region, an innovation designed to cater to the religious inclination of a majority of Northern Nigerians. Protection of fundamental rights as recommended by the Minorities Commission found a place in Chapter III of the new constitution. By a proclamation of 26th August 1959, a Niger Delta Development Board, as also recommended by the Minorities Commission, was established with headquarters in Port Harcourt in the Eastern Region, to provide for development of the Niger Delta area earlier referred to by the Commission as “the Ijaw Country”. Each of the three regions had its own separate constitution which catered for the peculiar needs of the region. For instance, S.73 of the Constitution of the Eastern Region empowered the Governor to declare any area within the region a Minority Area supervised by a Minority Council. S.74 also empowered the Governor to establish for any Province of the Region a Provincial Administration. This provision was used to divide the Eastern Region into twelve provinces, some of which served specific ethnic nationalities. For instance, Calabar Province served the Efik, the Qua, the Efut and their neighbours; Uyo Province served the Ibibio and the Oron; Annang Province served the Annang; Degema and Yenagoa Provinces served the Ijaw; Port-Harcourt Province served the Ogoni together with the Ikwere/Etche/Ogba-Igbo etc. These regional arrangements served to address, only in a limited way, the problems of diversity within the regions since the powers exercised by the Provincial Administration led by a Provincial Commissioner supported by a Provincial Secretary and with an elected Provincial Assembly were indeed limited. THE 1963 REPUBLICAN CONSTITUTION The 1963 Constitution of the Federation of Nigeria which came into force on 1st October 1963 (three years after independence) is usually referred to, for short, as “the Republican Constitution” because in accordance with Section 2 thereof “Nigeria shall be a Federation comprising regions and a Federal territory and shall be a Republic by the name of the Federal Republic of Nigeria”. It established the office of a (ceremonial) President of the Republic who took over from the Queen, acting through her representative the Governor-General, as the Nigeria Head of State and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federation. Pursuant to S.4(3) of the 1960 Constitution, a new region known as the Midwestern Region had earlier in the year been created from the former Western Region to incorporate mostly the minority (non-Yoruba) parts of the region. Significantly, and curiously, no new regions were created from the Northern and Eastern Regions to satisfy the aspirations of the minorities in those two regions. Appeals from decisions of the Supreme Court ceased, under the Republican Constitution, to lie with the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Provision was made for regions that so desired to establish Courts of Appeal as intermediate courts between the State High Courts and the Supreme Court of Nigeria. The Supreme Court continued to entertain appeals from the Sharia Court of Appeal of Northern Nigeria. The designations Eastern Region, Northern Region, Western Region and MidWestern Region were replaced by the designations Eastern Nigeria, Northern Nigeria, Western Nigeria and Mid-Western Nigeria respectively. As heretofore, each region had its own regional constitution which gave opportunity to the region to accommodate diversity within its borders. The Niger Delta Development Board was now provided for in the Constitution with a life ending on lst July 1969 or such later date as might be prescribed by Parliament. With this arrangement, the constitutional provisions for the NDDB could only be altered by following the cumbersome procedure provided for amendment of the Constitution. THE FIRST MILITARY INTERREGNUM The 1963 Republican Constitution was in operation for just a little over two years before there was an overthrow of the civilian government by the military on January 15, 1966. The military interregnum which followed and which was initially expected to be of short duration lasted almost 14 years. The first major assault on the Republican Constitution occurred on the eve of the attempted secession of Eastern Nigeria by its declaration as the Republic of Biafra. Twelve states were promptly created out of Nigeria’s four regions. Midwestern Nigeria became Midwest State; Western Nigeria was carved into Lagos State corresponding to the original Lagos Colony Province and Western State comprising the rest of Western Nigeria. Eastern Nigeria was split into South-eastern state made up of the largely minority provinces of Calabar, Ogoja, Uyo and Annang; Rivers State comprising the largely minority provinces of Degema, Yenagoa and Port-Harcourt; and the East Central State comprising the Igbo provinces of Onitsha, Enugu, Abakaliki, Umuahia and Owerri. Northern Nigeria was carved into six states : Kwara State comprising Ilorin and Kabba provinces; Benue-Plateau State comprising Benue and Plateau provinces; Kano State comprising Kano province; North-eastern State comprising Bauchi, Borno, Adamawa and Saradauna provinces; Northcentral State comprising Zaria and Katsina provinces; and North-western State comprising Sokoto and Niger provinces. These states were created extra-constitutionally by decree and their creation was intended, among other things, to free the minorities of the East from perceived Igbo domination (as the minorities in the West had been freed from perceived Yoruba domination by the creation of the Midwest Region four years earlier) and thus get them to support the federal cause and the anti-secession war effort by breaking the solidarity of the peoples of Biafra as declared. The proliferation of states, the prosecution of the civil war and the commandist hierarchical approach of the military to governance, all combined to result in considerable standardisation and centralisation. The states were governed, for instance, by military administrators who answered directly not to the people of their states but to the federal military government at the centre. The climax of this standardisation process was the local government reform of 1976 which saw the adoption of a uniform system of local government for the whole country whereas under our democratic system, the form and structure of the local government was entirely the responsibility of the regional or state governments which would have in mind the need for the local government system to reflect the diversity within the state or region. Also, in 1976, seven new states were created, bringing the total number of states to 19. THE 1979 PRESIDENTIAL CONSTITUTION It is hardly surprising that the 1979 constitution, which was produced by a Constituent Assembly and modified by the military and which was to take effect after almost fourteen years of military dictatorship, should jettison the parliamentary system in which colonial Nigeria had considerable tutelage and opt for the executive presidential system generally along the lines of the practice in the United States of America. Perhaps by way of reaction to the attempted secession of Biafra, the constitution, for the first time in Nigerian constitution-making, provided in its preamble and in S.2 that Nigeria would be “one indivisible, indissoluble Sovereign Nation under God”. The Constituent Assembly confirmed by constitutional fiat the centralising and standardising propensities of the Military. For the first time also in Nigeria’s federal constitution-making, constitutions of the federating states were abolished and there was now only one constitution for Nigeria and its component states. We had seen, for instance, how the constitution of Eastern Nigeria enabled the region to introduce a system of provincial administration which catered, albeit superficially, to the diversities of the peoples of the region. Under the new arrangement, the structure of the legislature of the states, the structure of the state executive and the structure of the State courts were all uniformly regulated by the one constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Even the number and names of the local governments existing in Nigeria were listed in the constitution notwithstanding that Section 7 thereof stated that The system of local government by democratically elected local government councils is under this constitution guaranteed and accordingly, the government of every state shall ensure their existence under a law which provides for the establishment, structure, composition, finance and functions of such councils One conscious effort made in the 1979 Constitution to give every Nigerian a sense of belonging has to do with the composition of Federal, State and Local Governments, to wit: The composition of the Government of the Federation or any of its agencies and the conduct of its affairs shall be carried out in such manner as to reflect the federal character of Nigeria and the need to promote national unity, and also to command national loyalty, thereby ensuring that there shall be no predominance of persons from a few states or from a few ethnic or other sectional groups in that government or any of its agencies. The composition of the government of a State, a Local Government Council, or any of the agencies of such government or council, and the conduct of the affairs of the government or council, or such agencies shall be carried out in such manner as to recognise the diversity of the people within its area of authority and the need to promote a sense of belonging and loyalty among all the peoples of the Federation Unfortunately, the above provisions come under the Chapter of the Constitution dealing with the Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy which under S.6(6)(c) are not Justiciable. However, a system of allocation of places in federal government-owned secondary and tertiary educational institutions was adopted to give opportunity to children from the so-called educationally disadvantaged states. This was a form of affirmative action. The same principle applied to admission to military institutions. In relation to the composition of the Federal Executive, the Constitution provides that “the President shall appoint at least one Minister from each State, who shall be an indigene of such State. But nowhere in the Constitution was the word “Indigene” defined. Nor was there any provision in the constitution as to conditions to be fulfilled before a “non-indigene”, howsoever defined, could acquire the residency status of a State of his domicile. The import of this is that, notwithstanding the protection given by the Constitution of a person’s right to freedom from discrimination couched in the terms that A citizen of Nigeria of a particular community, ethnic group, place of origin, sex, religion or political opinion shall not, by reason only that he is such a person – be subjected either expressly by, or in the practical application of any law in force in Nigeria or any executive or administrative action of the government to disabilities or restrictions to which citizens of Nigeria of other communities, ethnic groups, places of origin, sex, religion or political opinions are not made subject; or be accorded expressly by, or in the practical application of any law in force in Nigeria or any such executive or administrative action, any privilege or advantage that is not accorded to citizens of Nigeria of other communities, ethnic groups, places of origin sex, religion or political opinions; the introduction of the concept of “indigene” in governance has created its own peculiar problems. Given the nomadic and migratory nature of some of Nigeria’s ethnic groups, what length of residence would be required to qualify one as an indigene – 10 years, 20 years, 50 years, a century, two centuries? At which point do we draw the line and achieve, for instance, freedom from discrimination by imposition of differential school fees on children of “non-indigenes”; or freedom from withholding of employment and other opportunities from non-indigenes? The ethnic clashes in Zangon Kataf and Kafanchan areas of Kaduna State and in the Ikale-Ilaje area of Ondo state, among others, attest to the fact that the concept of indigeneship requires further scrutiny. The 1979 Constitution was in operation for a little over four years before the elected civilian administration was once again ousted following another military coup d’etat. A period of four years was hardly enough time to put the Constitution to a critical test and fully assess its merits and demerits in terms of promoting “unity in diversity” THE SECOND MILITARY INTERREGNUM The second military interregnum lasted almost 15_ years – from 31st December 1983 to 29th May 1999. As usual, the presence of the military in governance generated further standardisation and centralisation. Two further attempts were made at constitution-making in 1989 and 1995. The 1989 Constitution which was never fully operational elevated the local government to a third tier of government (the federal and state governments being the first and second tier respectively) relating directly to and collecting revenue directly from the federal government. In 1989 the number of states was increased from 19 to 21; and in 1991 from 21 to 30; and finally in 1997 from 30 to 36. As more and more states were created, new minorities were thrown up within each state, whose fears it was hoped to allay only by creating more states! Although in this process of proliferation state government was brought closer to the people, the investment in personnel and other costs to serve the many states thus created effectively meant that little or no resources were available for actual development by way of capital investment. With as many as 36 states, it became obvious that the states could not exercise the same responsibility that was assigned to the three regions of Nigeria at independence. As a result, the federal government has grown steadily stronger and the state governments have grown steadily weaker throughout the period of military rule. Because of the long period of monopoly of power by the military (now more than 29 years in 39 years of Nigeria’s existence as an independent nation) whose leadership came mostly from the old Northern region, and because of the annulment of the 1993 presidential elections won by a southerner from the old Western region, the National Constitutional Conference which met for one year from June 1994 to June 1995 made proposals which were intended to allay the fears of some Nigerians that they were being continually subjected to unwarranted domination. S.229 of the 1995 Draft Constitution which some consider rather drastic, provides that The office of President shall rotate between the North and the South; The office of Governor shall rotate among the three senatorial districts of that state; The office of Chairman of the Local Government Council shall rotate within the local government area. The State Electoral Commission shall divide the Local Government into three equal parts for the purpose of the rotation of the office of the Chairman; No political party shall be registered under this Constitution until it has reflected the provisions of this section in its constitution The Constitution also provided for three Vice Presidents and for power sharing at the executive level of the federal and state governments. It also established a Federal Character Commission to elevate the federal character provisions of the 1979 Constitution to a level where these provisions become justiciable. Regrettably, the 1995 Constitution was never promulgated. THE 1999 PRESIDENTIAL CONSTITUTION The 1999 Constitution which was promulgated on 5th May 1999 by the then Military Head of State of Nigeria came into force on 29th May 1999, the date of handover to the present elected civilian government of Nigeria. Part of the preamble to the Promulgation Decree made it clear that the country would be reverting substantially to the 1979 Presidential Constitution, to wit: And whereas it is necessary in accordance with the programme of transition to civil rule for the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1979 after necessary amendments and approval by the Provisional Ruling Council to be promulgated into a new Constitution for the Federal Republic of Nigeria in order to give the same force of law with effect from 29th May 1999 As has already been pointed out, the 1979 Constitution was tested for just a little over four years before military interruption thereof. The “necessary amendments” approved by the Provisional Ruling Council did not appear to have addressed some of the problems already identified during operation of that Constitution such as the untenable position of a State Governor being the Chief Security Officer of the State without any control whatsoever of the Nigeria Police Force, which is the only Police Force and the main law-enforcement agency in the country and which is totally under Federal control. On the contrary, the Constitution manifested a greater pull toward more centralisation. For instance, the National Judicial Council, a creature of the new Constitution, in which only 5 chief judges of the 36 states are represented, now has the power to recommend to State Governors fit and proper persons to be appointed as chief Judges and Judges of the High Courts of their States and also to recommend those to be removed from office! The unlimited jurisdiction which state high courts enjoyed under the 1979 constitution was also withdrawn under the 1999 Constitution. EVALUATION AND PROPOSALS The general body of vocal opinion in Nigeria today is that the present 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a military imposition and has not sufficiently addressed the problems of the multi-ethnic, multilingual and multireligious construct of the Nigerian federation. The operation of previous Nigerian federal constitutions over a period of forty-five years, with intermittent interruption and suspension by the military, does not also appear to have solved Nigeria’s problems of diversity. Evidence of this may be seen in the fact that the Niger Delta question which was of concern during the Minorities Commission of 1957/58 and which was intended to have been solved by the proclamation of August 1959 and the setting up of the Niger Delta Development Board (NDDB) is still here with us today in 1999 after over forty years. A bill is now before the National Assembly for the establishment of a Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) to address substantially similar problems to those which the NDDB was set up to address. Meanwhile the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) has tabled an “Ogoni Bill of Rights”. And as recently as 28th September 1999, the fourth meeting of the Pan-Yoruba National Congress, held at Ibadan, passed, inter alia, the following resolution: That in conformity with recognised and acceptable principles of federalism, and in accordance with the long-standing popular demand that all ethnic nationalities including Yoruba people should be grouped together in the same zone or region, Congress demands that the 12 Yoruba speaking local government areas of Kwara and the seven Yoruba speaking local government areas of Kogi State should be constitutionally integrated into the Southwest. This is an echo of the demand for Ilorin-Kabba West merger which was first formally raised at the September 1949 Western Regional Conference held in Ibadan over 50 years ago! One solution that has been proposed to address the diversity in Nigeria is that the country should revert to the regional form of federal government which the founding fathers successfully negotiated for us with Britain, Nigeria’s erstwhile colonial master. But that there should now be six regions – Northeast, Northwest, Northcentral, Southeast, Southwest and Southsouth – in place of the three regions East, West and North – which Nigeria had at independence. These six proposed regions would generally correspond to the present six zones of the country which have been recognised in practical application of Nigerian politics today but have not been recognised in the Constitution. These six regions would be the federating units. Indeed the memoranda submitted to the National Constitutional Conference in 1994 by a) “the Southern Minorities” and b) “the Obas, Elders and Leaders of the Yoruba” and c) “the Igbo speaking Peoples of Nigeria” were all along the same line. The regions would then, within their own regional constitutions, provide for their peculiar diversities through states, local governments and other administrative structures. In some regions the solution could be one of a federation within a federation, like the Russian Federation within the former Soviet Union; in others the structure could be based on layers of federations, one federation enclosing another and that enclosing yet another like an onion bulb. A more radical view that today appears popular in the South-western zone of Nigeria is that Nigeria should, as it were, return to the drawing board and convoke a “Sovereign National Conference” where all Nigeria’s ethnic nationalities would be represented and have the opportunity to renegotiate from scratch the basis of their coexistence as Nigerians. If it is remembered that more or less the same process of negotiation took place over a period of 10 years from 1949 to 1959 under British colonial supervision before the independence constitution of 1960 was agreed upon, it becomes quite easy to imagine what would happen in the event of failure to reach a modus vivendi at a “Sovereign National Conference” of Nigerians alone. Happily, Nigeria has now returned to democratic civilian governance. Basically, most Nigerians believe faithfully in the indivisibility and indissolubility of the Nigerian nation state based on the principles of freedom, equality, equity and justice for all her citizens as enshrined in the Constitution. True, our present constitution is far from perfect. But in a civilian democratic milieu, the possibilities for making changes based on reasonable consensus are almost limitless. Many Nigerians are optimistic that as the search for “unity in diversity” continues over time, an acceptable constitutional and conventional arrangement will be evolved which will satisfactorily address the ethnic, cultural, social, and religious diversity of the Nigerian population. The search for “unity in diversity” continues. Forum of Federations / Forum des fédérations [email protected]
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SEDC: Bold Step Towards National Unity and Cohesion
Don Ubani writes on the bold steps being taken to ensure that the South East Development Commission Bill before the National Assembly is passed before long.
Following the end of Nigerian Civil War, otherwise known as Nigeria/Biafra War, on 15th January, 1970, the Federal Government under General Yakubu Gowon as Head of State, declared there was ‘No Victor, No Vanquished’.
Sequel to the said Declaration, General Gowon announced what became known as the three Rs, Reconciliation, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation. As the three Rs implied, they were aimed at a seamless reintegration of the war-battered Igbo into the Nigerian State.
However, as time went on, it became obvious that apart from the only £20 each adult Igbo was given by the Federal Government, not minding how much such a person had in his or her bank account before the outbreak of the Civil War, and the emergence of late Dr Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme as Vice President of Nigeria to late President Shehu Shagari in 1979, no other facility or opportunity was created for the Igbo for meaningful reintegration into the new Nigerian State.
Though, through exceptional entrepreneurial ingenuity, the Igbo in Nigeria live almost like a people who have never heard, much more witnessed a war, the feeling of marginalisation has been very high in them. This feeling got to its climax during the eight-year tenure of Major-General Muhammadu Buhari as Nigeria’s President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria, 2015-2023. He did not, at any time, hide his hatred for the Igbo whom he publicly derogatorily described as ‘a dot in a circle’.
Due to very destructive ravages of the North-East Region by Islamist Boko Haram insurgents, the Federal Government under General Buhari established the North-East Development Commission in 2017 to rehabilitate the Boko Haram infested Region.
But an attempt by the South-East Caucus in the National Assembly to have what had been established for the People of North-East replicated in the South-East was frustrated and thrown out in the same 2017. The same effort was repeated in 2018 but was, again, thrown out.
It is, therefore, a very big delight and assurance that in 2024, following his strategic relentless pursuit for the overall welfare and collective interest of the people of South-East of Nigeria, the unassuming assiduously team-playing Deputy Speaker of the 10th House of Representatives, Hon. Benjamin Kalu, has, without any iota of effrontery or orchestrated publicity, systematically galvanized concerted efforts of both the House of Representatives and the Senate to pass the Bill for the establishment of the much-needed and long canvassed but earlier abandoned South-East Development Commission (SEDC).
While commending the very erudite and patriotic Deputy Speaker, Honourable Members of the House of Representatives, the President of the Senate, Most Distinguished Senator Godswill Akpabio, and his colleagues in the Red Chambers, and believing that a Conference Committee will soon be set up to harmonize likely differences in their respective passages, special thanks must be given to President Bola Tinubu for depicting clear attributes of a Statesman and Nationalist. If he had behaved like General Buhari, the Bill would not have seen the light of the day. It would have ‘died premature and thrown out like it was done both in 2017 and 2018.
The South-East, I honestly believe, is grateful to Mr President who is most likely disposed to give assent to the Bill once it gets to his table.
Hopefully, as soon as it becomes an Act, with a high expectation of effective implementation, the South-East Development Commission (SEDC) which would usher in employment, infrastructural development, growth in agriculture, rapid educational advancement, guarantee health insurance, and improvement in technologically-driven security, would signal an end to the Nigerian Civil War that should really have ended 55 years ago but was allowed to linger due to lack of patriotic touch by previous leaders.
Through the Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives, Hon Ben Kalu, President Bola Tinubu stands unwaveringly distinguished, deserving and qualified to receive unmitigated applause from the entire People of South-East, even as there is high expectation that the President would, in like manner, consider the plight of Mazi Nnamdi Kanu from its political angle.
Once these two anticipations are accomplished, the South-East Region would be next to no other Region both in terms of peace and development.
-Sir Ubani writes from Aba, Abia state.
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- Speech on Unity In Diversity
Speech on Unity in Diversity
Unity in diversity is a term used to praise the feeling of togetherness shown by people. There is a Swahili proverb that says, “Unity is strength, division is weakness.” Do you want to know more about the power of unity? Use this article for more information regarding the topic and present an enlightening speech on unity in diversity.
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Unity in diversity speech in english, one-minute speech on unity in diversity, speech on unity in diversity in 150 words, top quotes to use in a speech on unity in diversity, frequently asked questions on unity in diversity, sample speeches on unity in diversity.
A couple of sample speeches on unity in diversity are given below. Go through them and utilise the resource to better understand the topic.
As we all know, India is a secular country. We, in India, are diverse in language, religion, culture, etc. Despite all these differences, there exists a remarkable sense of unity among us, which is why India is presented before the world as a nation that exhibits unity in diversity.
In India, there are nearly 1.38 billion people, and all of them share different thoughts and ideologies. The freedom struggle for Indian independence is enough to highlight the unity in diversity of our nation. People belonging to different religious and cultural beliefs unitedly fought in the movements for the liberation of our nation.
India is one of the world’s largest countries and has people believing in various religions, and each of these religions has got its religious festivals. The people of India speak numerous languages like English, Sanskrit, Hindi, Bhojpuri, Punjabi, Marathi, Gujarati, Malayalam, Tamil, Odia, and so on. In spite of all these diversities, everyone lives in India with a strong love for the nation. It is this love that brings people together. It is never an easy thing to bring unity among these people. Nationalism and patriotism play a vital role in uniting the people of India. Unity in diversity increases the harmony and peace of a nation, and it shows the strength of a nation.
Unity in diversity is a dream for many nations and organisations. In 2000, the European Union adopted “Unity in Diversity” as their official motto. The adoption of this motto highlighted the unity of diverse nations who were members of the European Union. This concept is integral for the betterment of human society. People have to develop faith in such uniting concepts. Then only can the world bloom in its full colours. People have to respect and love each other irrespective of their differences. With such virtues developed, people can easily eradicate civil challenges like discrimination and oppression from society. Let’s unite together and spread love for a better world.
Unity in diversity can be stated as a conceptualisation for uniting people with different characteristics. The concept of secularism and unity in diversity has been used in our nation since time immemorial to symbolise the unity of people under one title – India. The thought of unity in diversity helps individuals to accept people. People start respecting the individuality of living beings, value their uniqueness, and respect the opinions of the people. It develops a trust and connection between the people. Such coordination helps in effective decision making and aids in the growth of the nation. By improving mutual respect, solutions for various social issues, riots and other disturbances can be easily attained. It helps to reduce the hatred among the people and increases the overall contentment of the nation.
- “Unity, to be real, must stand the severest strain without breaking.” – Mahatma Gandhi.
- “Our ability to reach unity in diversity will be the beauty and the test of our civilization.” – Mahatma Gandhi.
- “There is beauty and power in unity. We must be united in heart and mind. One world, one people.” – Lailah Gifty Akita.
- “Unity is strength…when there is teamwork and collaboration, wonderful things can be achieved.” – Mattie Stepanek.
- “Find the good. Seek the unity. Ignore the divisions among us.” – Aristotle.
- “There is more power in unity than division.” – Emanuel Cleaver.
- “Unity, not uniformity, must be our aim. We attain unity only through variety. Differences must be integrated, not annihilated, not absorbed.” – Mary Parker Follett.
- “Only humility will lead us to unity, and unity will lead to peace.” – Mother Teresa.
- “Even the weak become strong when they are united.” – Friedrich Schiller.
- “So powerful is the light of unity that it can illuminate the whole earth.- Bahaullah.
What is the importance of unity in diversity?
Unity in diversity can be stated as a conceptualisation for uniting people with different characteristics. People can easily eradicate civil challenges like discrimination and oppression from society with such concepts. Unity in diversity increases the harmony and peace of a nation, and it shows the strength of a nation.
How is India an example of unity in diversity?
In India, people are diverse in language, religion, culture, festivals, etc. Despite all these differences, a remarkable sense of unity exists among us. That is why India is presented before the world as a nation that exhibits unity in diversity.
List some quotes to use in a speech on unity in diversity.
- “Unity, to be real, must stand the severest strain without breaking.” – Mahatma Gandhi.
- “Our ability to reach unity in diversity will be the beauty and the test of our civilization.” – Mahatma Gandhi.
- “There is beauty and power in unity. We must be united in heart and mind. One world, one people.” – Lailah Gifty Akita.
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Unity in Diversity the Nigerian Youth Nigerian Pidgin English and the Nigerian Language Policy
2012, Journal of Educational and Social Research
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Speech on Unity in Diversity
Unity in diversity is a beautiful concept that celebrates the differences among us. It’s like a colorful mosaic, where each piece contributes to a stunning overall picture.
You can think of it as a grand feast. Each dish is unique, but together, they create a meal that is rich and fulfilling.
1-minute Speech on Unity in Diversity
Good day everyone,
Today, I would like to talk about a very significant topic, ‘Unity in Diversity’. This phrase implies that we should celebrate our differences and not let them divide us, but rather, let them unite us.
Each one of us is unique, and that’s the beauty of our world. We come from different cultures, follow different traditions, speak various languages, yet we all are humans. These differences should not create a wall between us but should act as bridges, building a path towards a harmonious society.
It is important to understand that the strength of a nation lies in the unity of its people. When we stand together, no challenge is big enough. Just like the fingers of a hand, though all are different, they unite to work collectively. Similarly, we, with our diverse cultures, languages and traditions, should come together to create a strong and prosperous society.
Our diversity is our power. It fosters creativity and innovation, encourages different viewpoints, and broadens our perspective. It makes us more understanding, tolerant, and accepting. It teaches us the essence of coexistence and makes our society vibrant and dynamic.
In closing, I urge each one of us to celebrate this diversity. Let us not allow our differences to divide us but let our unique features enrich us. Remember, unity in diversity is not just a phrase; it’s a way of life, a route to a peaceful and prosperous society.
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2-minute Speech on Unity in Diversity
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I stand before you today to speak on a topic that is particularly close to my heart, ‘Unity in Diversity’. This phrase holds a profound and substantial meaning, it signifies the sense of unity we feel towards our fellow human beings, regardless of our cultural, ethnic or religious differences.
In our world, we have a multitude of cultures and societies, each unique in its own way. There are numerous languages, traditions, and belief systems. Diversity is a beautiful tapestry, a colorful mosaic of human existence. It adds richness to our world and deepens our understanding. And yet, within this multiplicity, we find unity. We find a common thread of humanity that binds us together.
Unity in diversity is not just about accepting differences. It is about celebrating them. It is about understanding that each individual, each community, each culture, and each religion contributes to the intricate puzzle that forms our world. We become stronger, not in spite of our differences, but because of them. Imagine the beauty of a garden. Would it be as beautiful if it had only one kind of flower? No, it is the variety of colors, shapes, and sizes that make it captivating.
While we are diverse in so many ways, we share common needs and aspirations. We all seek love, happiness, security, and fulfillment. We are united in our quest for knowledge, in our struggle against adversity, and in our dreams for a better tomorrow. This is where the essence of unity in diversity lies, in recognizing that our differences do not divide us, but rather, they make us more connected.
In today’s world, where boundaries are shrinking and cultures are blending, unity in diversity has become more pertinent. It is the path towards peace and harmony. It forms the basis of a tolerant and inclusive society. It is a potent force against divisive elements that seek to create discord and hatred. To promote unity in diversity, we need to foster mutual respect and understanding.
To understand unity in diversity, it is important for us to instill empathy for others. We need to appreciate and respect the differences that exist among us. We should be open to learning from each other, to sharing our experiences, and to growing together. In this way, we can move beyond mere tolerance to true acceptance.
In conclusion, unity in diversity represents the idea that we can, and we should, stand together as one, while still maintaining and cherishing our unique identities. The power of unity is immense. It brings strength, it fosters peace, it promotes progress. It takes all the colors of the rainbow to make a beautiful spectrum, and it takes all of us, in our glorious diversity, to make a harmonious world.
Let us embrace our diversity, let us cherish our unity, and let us work together for a better, more inclusive world. Unity in diversity is not just a concept, it is a way of life. It is the path to peace, progress, and prosperity.
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Speech on Unity in diversity [1, 2, 3, 5 Minutes]
1, 2, 3 minutes speech on unity in diversity.
Dear teachers and students!
Greetings to all. and thank you to all of you to give me chance to give a speech.
The idea of unity in diversity encourages harmony and a sense of belonging among people while recognising and valuing their differences. It’s the notion that despite all of our differences, we are all connected and ought to make an effort to live in peace.
Recognizing and respecting the distinctive qualities and characteristics that make each person different is one of the fundamental components of unity in diversity. This covers variations in racial, ethnic, religious, cultural, linguistic, and other backgrounds. We can learn from one another and develop a deeper understanding and appreciation of the world around us by embracing these differences.
However, unity in diversity also highlights the significance of identifying points of agreement and cooperating to achieve a common objective. Building communication and understanding between various groups as well as encouraging a sense of community and belonging can all be part of this.
The idea of unity in diversity is more crucial than ever in today’s world, where globalisation and the rapid pace of change are bringing people from all over the world together. It serves as a reminder that we are all in this together and that one of our greatest assets is our diversity.
Promoting unity in diversity can, in practise, take many different forms. It may involve initiatives to advance cultural sensitivity and understanding as well as inclusiveness and equity-promoting laws and programmes.
This might entail creating a curriculum that incorporates a variety of viewpoints and experiences and making a safe and welcoming environment for students from all backgrounds in a school setting, for instance.
It can also mean fostering an environment of mutual respect and understanding among coworkers, as well as promoting diversity and inclusion in hiring and leadership.
Building bridges of understanding and communication between various groups within the community can mean collaborating to address shared problems and concerns.
Promoting harmony among differences is not always simple. It necessitates a dedication to appreciating and comprehending one another’s differences as well as a readiness to cooperate in order to achieve a common objective.
We can, however, create societies and communities that are stronger, more inclusive, and more equitable if we embrace our diversity and work together. We can unlock the full potential of our human family and create a world that is genuinely united in diversity by recognising the distinct strengths and contributions of each individual.
In conclusion, the idea of unity in diversity is a potent one that fosters a sense of community and belonging while promoting understanding and respect for differences. We can create a more just and equitable world for all people if we embrace diversity and work together.
5 Minutes Speech on Unity in diversity
One of the most wonderful characteristics of our world is its unity in diversity. It serves as a reminder that despite all of our differences, we are all just people with the same aspirations, concerns, and desires.
There are many different cultures, languages, religions, and customs in the globe around us. Each of these components enriches the tapestry of people and adds to the vibrancy and appeal of our world. However, it’s crucial to keep in mind that diversity also refers to the distinctive viewpoints and experiences that each of us brings to the table, not just our external distinctions.
Being able to learn from one another is one of the most potent effects of variety in unity. We become more receptive to fresh viewpoints and ways of thinking when we embrace and celebrate the differences among us. As a result, we are able to advance both as a society and as individuals.
However, finding common ground is just as important for achieving unity in variety as it is for accepting our differences. We may cooperate to accomplish shared objectives and create a brighter future for all of us by realising that we are all members of the same human family.
It is more crucial than ever for us to unite and enjoy our variety in a world where disputes and misunderstandings frequently cause division. We can all benefit from a society that is more inclusive, caring, and egalitarian if we work together.
So let’s celebrate our differences, share knowledge, and cooperate to create a better future for everybody. I’m grateful.
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Public Domain Image. In 1957 the Nigerian House of Representatives passed a motion requesting Independence from Great Britain and calling on that colonial power to officially set the date for that Independence as October 1, 1960. After the motion was passed, Alhaji Abubakar Balewa, a member of the House who would soon be named Nigeria's first ...
Unity in Diversity. BEING A SPEECH DELIVERED BY HIS EXCELLENCY, ALHAJI ATIKU ABUBAKAR, WAZIRIN ADAMAWA AND FORMER VICE PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA ON UNITY IN DIVERSITY AT AREWA HOUSE ON THURSDAY, 4TH NOVEMBER 2021. HE Alhaji Atiku Abubakar (Former Vice President of Nigeria), 1999-2007. Image Credit: Kashope Faje.
A speech delivered by Atiku Abubakar, a former vice president of the federal republic of Nigeria on 'Unity in Diversity' at Arewa House on Thursday, November 4, 2021 Protocol. Unity in Diversity. Unity in diversity is living in peace despite the differences among people. It is about acceptance, not even tolerance.
Nigeria's diversity should be celebrated, cherished, and seen as a source of strength that can propel the country forward on the path of progress and unity. With over 250 ethnic groups and multiple languages, the country is a melting pot of diverse traditions, customs, and beliefs. This diversity has the power to fuel creativity, innovation ...
Fostering unity in diversity in Nigeria: Learning from the American e xperience. Remarks by Ambassador Ter ence P . McCulley at Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Alumni Association of Nigeria Annual ...
Unity in Diversity: Re-fixing Nigeria through Socio-cultural Differences. Nigeria has a population of 192 million people, making it the seventh most populous country in the world. The capital city is Abuja, located in the Nation's center, while Lagos is the most populated and country's economic hub. Spoken languages are English (official ...
Minority issues in Nigeria. 28 February 2014. ABUJA (28 February 2014) - Good and inclusive governance is essential to ensuring minority rights, equality and peaceful coexistence for all of Nigeria's citizens, the United Nations Independent Expert on minority issues, Rita Izsák, said* today at the end of her first official visit to the ...
Nigeria is one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world. This heterogeneity rests on ethnic, religious, linguistic and historic differences. Nigeria is made up of over 200 million people.
of national unity in Nigeria since most conflicts and crises rocking the nation are guided by such factors. Social Studies as a school subject is a unique subject that seeks after a unified nation. This paper therefore examines how Social Studies can assist in promoting unity in diversity in Nigeria by taking a retrospective approach
Unity in diversity is a phrase that signifies the unity among people with diverse cultural, religious beliefs, social status and other demographic differences. Nigeria is a nation of large population consisting of people with different belief, tradition, religion, etc. It is home to over 250 ethnic groups, with over 500 languages, and the variety of customs,...
Nigeria has a population of 192million people (UN est. in 2017), making it the seventh most populous country in the world. Capital city is Abuja, located in the center of the Nation, while Lagos is…
10 Line Speech On Unity In Diversity. Unity in diversity is the idea that despite our differences, we can come together and work towards a common goal. It is important to respect and embrace the differences of others and seek to understand their perspectives and experiences. Unity in diversity can create a sense of community and belong and ...
The study found that: unity and cooperation are essential to Nigeria's economic, political and social prosperity, harmony and achieving common national objectives; Nigeria's national development is an embodiment of central, states and local interests involving heterogeneities as portrayed in the Nigerian make up; Nigeria has been practicing ...
From the Unity in Diversity team in Nigeria; Youth for Transparency International Rising Voices Center for Innovative and Pragmatic Development Initiative CIPDI Photo album click here. GLOBAL DIALOGUE FOUNDATION Illuminating the World Celebrating Life Remembering who we are GDF IS A NOT FOR PROFIT ORGANISATION REGISTERED IN AUSTRALIA - ACN: 140 ...
In conclusion, Nigeria's diversity is both a strength and a challenge. To promote unity, the country must invest in education, address issues like poverty and inequality, and have leaders committed to the country's best interests. By doing so, Nigeria can overcome its challenges and create a brighter future for all its citizens.
The popular slogan for Nigeria in those formative years was "Unity in Diversity". THE 1954 FEDERAL CONSTITUTION Nigeria became a truly federal country with the coming into force on lst October 1954 of "The Nigeria (Constitution) Order in Council 1954" which was made on 30th August 1954 and laid before the British Parliament on 3rd ...
This feeling got to its climax during the eight-year tenure of Major-General Muhammadu Buhari as Nigeria's President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria, 2015-2023.
Top Quotes to Use in a Speech on Unity in Diversity. "Unity, to be real, must stand the severest strain without breaking.". - Mahatma Gandhi. "Our ability to reach unity in diversity will be the beauty and the test of our civilization.". - Mahatma Gandhi. "There is beauty and power in unity. We must be united in heart and mind.
The study concluded that Pidgin English with its neutrality had the potentials to become a wider language of unity, largely at the informal level, than the major indigenous languages; this would contribute positively to Nigeria's search for unity in diversity. Keywords: Unity, Nigerian youth, Pidgin English and Nigeria language policy. 1.
July 1967 and lasted till January 1970. Since then, Nigeria has been grappling with ethno-religious criseswhich are . History and the Quest for Unity in Nigeria . Ojong Echum Tangban . International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, Vol. 4, No. 5, September 2014. DOI: 10.7763/IJSSH.2014.V4.382 378
2-minute Speech on Unity in Diversity. Ladies and Gentlemen, I stand before you today to speak on a topic that is particularly close to my heart, 'Unity in Diversity'. This phrase holds a profound and substantial meaning, it signifies the sense of unity we feel towards our fellow human beings, regardless of our cultural, ethnic or religious ...
Unity in Diversity: A Comparative Study of Selected Idioms in Nembe (Nigeria) and English ... and express the original native speech of a people, is it possible to observe the same idioms in ...
1, 2, 3 Minutes Speech on Unity in diversity. Dear teachers and students! Greetings to all. and thank you to all of you to give me chance to give a speech. The idea of unity in diversity encourages harmony and a sense of belonging among people while recognising and valuing their differences. It's the notion that despite all of our differences ...
Unity in diversity is used as an expression of harmony and unity between dissimilar individuals or groups. It is a concept of "unity without uniformity and diversity without fragmentation" [1] that shifts focus from unity based on a mere tolerance of physical, cultural, linguistic, social, religious, political, ideological and/or psychological ...