- International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
- Mission & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Peer-Review Policy
- Publication Ethics Policy
- Journal Policies
- Join as Reviewer
- Conference Partners
- Call for Papers
- Journal Statistics – 2023-2024
- Submit Manuscript
- Journal Charges (APC)
- Register as Volunteer
- Upcoming Conferences
- CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
- Thesis Archive
- Thesis Publication FAQs
- Thesis Publication Charges
- Author Login
- Reviewer Login
NCETESFT - 2020 (Volume 8 - Issue 14)
A review on water level & quality monitoring system.
- Article Download / Views: 10,435
- Authors : Rakshitha M R, C M Maheshan
- Paper ID : IJERTCONV8IS14019
- Volume & Issue : NCETESFT – 2020 (Volume 8 – Issue 14)
- Published (First Online): 28-08-2020
- ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
- Publisher Name : IJERT
Rakshitha M R1, C M Maheshan2
1Dept. Of Electrical Engineering
2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering
1, 2 University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
Abstract – Water is one of the important natural resource. Many times in household, apartments and offices water is wasted unknowingly. This leads to water scarcity. So, water level monitoring is utmost important. As this prevents wastage of water, saves man power and electricity. Level control is one of the most important tasks for the process control engineer. Level control is one of the most important applications in chemical process industries, food beverages industries, pharmaceutical industries, nuclear power generation plants etc. Therefore, there is a need to maintain a constant level of fluid when the fluid inflows and outflows the tank in these industries. Water quality affects the aquatic life and influence the human health, so water quality monitoring is crucial. This paper focuses on literature review of water level and quality monitoring.
Keywords – Water level; Water quality; Ultrasonic sensor, Arduino; LABVIEW; pH sensor; Turbidity sensor;
INTRODUCTION
The daily routine starts with water. It is one of the basic needs to survive. People depend on overhead tank for their daily usage. The overhead tank is made of opaque material to prevent algae growth and is closed with lid to protect from dust, mosquito infestation. So, the water level present in the tank is unknown. Many times we switch on motor and forget to turn off, because of this most of the water will be wasted unknowingly. This leads to water scarcity. So, there is need for alternative which can automatically turn on, off the motor when water is filled up to the desired level. Ultrasonic sensor provides non- contact water level measurement. Water parameters such as pH, turbidity affects water quality. Turbidity, pH sensor helps in monitoring water quality.
Water level monitoring is commonly used in some of the applications like Flood monitoring, River level monitoring, Wetland studies, Tidal studies, Groundwater monitoring, Surface water monitoring. Clean water is essential to sustain life and quality of water plays a vital role in the well-being and health of human beings. The objective of this paper is to review water level and quality monitoring.
This paper is organized as follows: Section II discusses the complete literature review on water level and quality monitoring; Section III illustrates the proposed methodology and Section IV concludes this paper.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The prototype was developed using microcontroller, pH and turbidity sensor. The water level was indicated using LEDs and pumping was done automatically by the controller. Water quality was tested by pH, turbidity, temperature sensor in real
time and was monitored by agent. For leak detection in water pipes force sensitive resistor (FSR) was used [1].
A liquid level monitoring system was developed using electromagnetic valve, float sensors, MATLAB, LABVIEW to maintain liquid level close to the reference level. The restrictions imposed by configuration and working of float sensor leaded to non-achievement of control of 2 levels [2].
Automatic water level indicator was developed using arduino, ultrasonic sensor and GSM. The water level was sensed by ultrasonic sensor and accordingly the motor was switched on and off automatically, SMS alert was sent to user [3].
The water level detection system was designed using ping sensor, microcontroller AT89S51. The water level was measured by ping sensor and the data was sent to receiver module by transmitter module via wireless communication [4].
The prototype was developed using ultrasonic sensor, nodeMCU, LABVIEW. Ultrasonic sensor measured water level. The sensed value was sent to Google cloud platform by nodeMCU. In the LABVIEW front panel the webpage was accessed and accordingly the water level was monitored by adjusting the valves [5].
The system was developed using ATMEGA328, ultrasonic sensor, buzzer, Xilinx. Three tanks were utilised with corresponding ultrasonic sensors. Arduino was the controller. When system was turned on water flows through tank1 after, that tank2 was filled and buzzer was on to indicate two or more tanks are filled. Next, tank3 was filled until level indicator controller detects it and water supply was stopped. Thus, water wastage was prevented. The same was also designed and executed on FPGA using Xilinx ISE. FPGA has proven more advantageous for automated multiple water tanks over microcontroller [6].
The water level sensing and controlling system was designed using PIC microcontroller and water level sensor. The water level sensor was designed, the level was detected and was sent to microcontroller which processed the data and further action of pumping was done. In addition, web based water level monitoring was achieved [7].
The water level control system was designed using two different methods one is PID and the other is fuzzy controller in LABVIEW. The main aim was to keep the water level at the desired set point. When comparison was made fuzzy controller yielded better result over PID with no overshoot, low settling and rising time, robustness [8].
The proposed system consists of arduino UNO, ultrasonic sensor, and pump. The water level was sensed by ultrasonic
sensor. There was an interfacing between arduino and LABVIEW. Depending on the sensor reading the arduino switched on, off the pump accordingly and the water was filled to tank and the same was displayed on LABVIEW front panel. When water is not present in the lower tank and if pump is turned on, the pump gets damaged and power is wasted. This is because lower tank doesnt contain ultrasonic sensor, only upper tank contains [9].
The system was developed using arduino, ultrasonic sensor, LCD and relay. Ultrasonic sensor measures the distance, if the distance is 30cm then pump is turned on by arduino and is displayed on LCD and if distance is about 10cm then pump is turned off and is displayed on LCD [10].
The prototype was developed using arduino microcontroller, water level sensor, buzzer and water pump. The water level sensed by the sensor was sent to the controller and the same was transferred to the Bluetooth module where it, in turn sends the information to the registered mobile. In addition, buzzer was used as an indicator. The sensor is of contact type, the measurement range is limited to only 4cm and has short lifespan when exposed to moist environment and having power applied to the probe constantly speeds the rate of corrosion significantly [11].
The prototype was developed using two PIC microcontrollers. One microcontroller was used at the transmitter side and another at the receiver side. The communication between the two was established using zigbee transceivers module. Here the connecting wires were used as water level sensor. The water level was sensed by the conducting strip. The metal strip will become corrosive due to long time usage and accuracy is limited [12].
The prototype was developed using 89S52 microcontroller, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, float switches. In this, 4 tanks were taken. Float was used as sensing element. The sensed information was sent to ESP8266 Wi-Fi module which will upload the data to server. The microcontroller was used for controlling water level sensors and motor driver circuits. The system makes use of 16 float switches. The float switches are of contact type and can easily get stuck and doesntmove, it has low accuracy, precision and requires frequent maintenance [13].
The capacitive sensors, signal conditioning circuit were designed. The design cost was less. The total capacitance formed was equal to the water level of the tank. The length of the sensor has to be designed according to the depth of the water storage tank [14].
The prototype was developed using arduino microcontroller, water level sensor, mobile phone. The level of water sensed by the water level sensor was sent to the controller where it, in turn updates the information to server. The information stored in the server was sent to the mobile phone. The user in turn makes the decision to turn on or turn off the motor by operating the buttons in the mobile. The sensor is of contact-type. Measurement range is limited and has short lifespan when exposed to moist environment. Human intervention is necessary [15].
The Flow, temperature, conductivity, pH, oxidation reduction potential sensors were designed. The measuring node consisted of microcontroller which processed the sensor reading and was sent to notification node for display via zigbee. Thus water quality monitoring was done [16].
Ultrasonic ranging module HC-SR04 provides non-contact measurement ranging from 2cm-400cm, the ranging accuracy can reach to 3mm and measuring angle is 15 degree [17].
PH, commonly used for water measurements is a measure of acidity and alkalinity, or the caustic and base present in a solution [18].
The Turbidity sensor detects water quality by measuring the levels of turbidity. It uses light to detect suspended particles in water by measuring the light transmittance and scattering rate, which changes with the amount of total suspended solids (TSS) in water. As the TTS increases, the liquid turbidity level increases [19].
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
Fig. 1. Block diagram of the proposed system
The block diagram of the proposed system is shown in fig.1. The inputs to the arduino are ultrasonic sensor, pH and turbidity sensor. Interfacing between arduino and LABVIEW will be done. Water level will be detected by ultrasonic sensor. Water quality will be monitored by pH, turbidity sensor. The outputs are buzzer and LCD.
Water level and quality is an important aspect in many applications such as chemical industries, household, pharmaceutical industries, nuclear power generation plants etc. This paper concludes literature review of the level and quality of the water using different international conference and journal papers. The proposed methodology can be used for the objective of this paper. If it is achieved helps in saving man power and electricity.
T.Deepiga, A.Sivasankari-Smart water monitoring system using wireless sensor network, Journal in Engineering & Technology Science (IRJET), Volume: 02 Issue: 04 , pp 1305-1314, July-2015.
Praseed Kumar, Shamim S Pathan, Bipin Mashilkar, Liquid Level Control using PID Controller Based on Labview & Matlab Software , International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT).
Muthamil Selvan.S , Aratrika Roy, Kurnal Pratap Singh, Ashutosh Kumar, AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL INDICATOR USING ULTRASONIC SENSOR AND GSM MODULE, IJARIIE, Vol-4 , Issue-5, pp 261-269, 2018.
S.Jatmiko, A B.Mutiara, Indriati Prototype of water level detection system with wireless Journal in Theoretical and Applied Information Technology Vol. 37 pp 52-59, 2012.
Charles A, Ayylusamy C, Deepak Raj J, Keerthi Kumar, Thiruvarasan KE, IOT BASED WATER LEVEL MONITORING SYSTEM USING LABVIEW, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics,
Volume 118, No. 20, 2018, pp 9-14
Lukman Adewale Ajao, Blessing Olatunde Abisoye, James Agajo,Abdulzeez Olorundare Ajao, Muhammed Bashir Muazu, Abdulazeez Femi Salami, Automated Multiple Water Tanks Control System Using ATMEGA and FPGA Technology, IEEE MAC 2019, pp 347-353.
S. M. Khaled Reza, Shah Ahsanuzzaman Md. Tariq, S.M. Mohsin Reza, Microcontroller Based Automated Water Level Sensing and Controlling: Design and Implementation Issue, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2010, Vol I October 20-22, 2010.
Laith Abed Sabri, Hussein Ahmed AL-Msha, Implementation of Fuzzy and PID Controller to Water Level System using LabView, International Journal of Computer Applications, Volume 116 No. 11, April 2015.
R. M. Shrenika, S. S. Chikmath, A. V. R. Kumar, Y. V. Divyashree and
R. K. Swamy, "Non-contact Water Level Monitoring System Implemented Using LabVIEW and Arduino," 2017 International Conference on Recent Advances in Electronics and Communication Technology (ICRAECT), Bangalore, 2017, pp. 306-309.
Vardaan Mittal, Automatic Water Level Controller, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Volume: 6, Issue: 5, pp 136-138, May 2017.
Teetla Asha, Vidadala Srija, DESIGN AND IMPLEMNTATION OF WIRELESS BASED WATER LEVEL MONITORING USING ARDUINO AND BLUETOOTH, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJERT), Volume: 07, Issue: 01| Jan 2020.
Naman Gupta, Sanjay Kumar, Manit Kumar, Divisha Mathur, Enjila Jilani, Wireless Water Level Controller Using Zigbee, IJLTEMAS, Volume V, Issue IV, April 2016.
Ashfaque Ahmed et al., Multilevel Water Level Control & Monitoring of Multiple Tanks, International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre), Volume 4, Issue 1, pp 65-71,January- 2018.
Konstantinos Loizou, Eftichios Koutroulis, Dimitrios Zalikas, Georgios Liontas, A Low-cost Capacitive Sensor for Water Level Monitoring in Large-Scale Storage Tanks, 2015 IEEE, pp 1416-1421.
Siddartha Shankar, Dr M Dakshayini, IoT-MOBILE ENABLED SMART WATER LEVEL CONTROLLING SYSTEM TO REGULATE WATER WASTAGE, 2018 IEEE, pp 2045-2048.
NIEL ANDRE CLOETE, REZA MALEKIAN, (Member, IEEE), AND LAKSHMI NAIR, (Member, IEEE), Design of Smart Sensors for Real- Time Water Quality Monitoring, Volume 4, IEEE 2016, pp 3975-3990.
Ultrasonic Ranging Module HC-SR04, Datasheet.
http://sensorex.com>ph-sensors-3.
Turbidity sensor SKU: SEN0189, Datasheet.
Leave a Reply
You must be logged in to post a comment.
We apologize for the inconvenience...
To ensure we keep this website safe, please can you confirm you are a human by ticking the box below.
If you are unable to complete the above request please contact us using the below link, providing a screenshot of your experience.
https://ioppublishing.org/contacts/
Automatic water level sensor and controller system
Ieee account.
- Change Username/Password
- Update Address
Purchase Details
- Payment Options
- Order History
- View Purchased Documents
Profile Information
- Communications Preferences
- Profession and Education
- Technical Interests
- US & Canada: +1 800 678 4333
- Worldwide: +1 732 981 0060
- Contact & Support
- About IEEE Xplore
- Accessibility
- Terms of Use
- Nondiscrimination Policy
- Privacy & Opting Out of Cookies
A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. © Copyright 2024 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.
- ₦ 0.00 0 items
Design And Construction Of A Simple Water Level Indicator Using Bc547 Transistor
This project is titled the design and construction of a water level sensor system. It is designed to indicate the level of water to over-head tank.
₦ 3,000.00 ₦ 2,999.00
Description
- Reviews (0)
This device is unique because this water level indicator circuit also has an alarm feature. It not only indicates the amount of water present in the overhead tank but also gives an alarm when the tank is full.
TABLE OF CONTENT
APPROVAL PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
1.1 AIM OF THE PROJECT
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.7 PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
1.8 PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER SENSOR
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTIONS
3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.3 CIRCUIT OPERATION OF THE WATER INDICATOR
3.4 COMPONENTS USED
3.5 THE WORKING PRINCIPLE
3.5 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
3.6 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
3.7 SPECIFICATION AND OPERATION OF SYSTEM COMPONENT
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETE DESIGN
4.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.3 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.4 ASSEMBLING OF SECTION
4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
5.0 INTRODUCTION
Water level indicator is widely used in many industries and houses. People generally worry about the wastage of water, when the switch ON the motor and forget to OFF them. An Water Level Indicator may be defined as a system by which we can get the information of any water reservoir .Water level indicator system are quite useful to reduce the wastage of water from any reservoir, while filling such reservoir. But for domestic purpose we cannot go for the instruments which use radar or ultrasonic principle that costs high. Water tank overflow is a common problem which leads to the wastage of water. In this project I am using the BC 547 transistor based water level indicator circuit is very useful to indicate the water levels in a tank. Whenever tank gets filled, we get alerts on particular levels. The LEDs is generally used for indicate the water levels. If the water level is full, then the circuits beeps through the buzzer notifying that the water level is full.
1.1 AIM OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this work is build a water level alarm using BC 547 transistors.
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of the project is to control the Over flow problems of water, to prevent waste of energy, to prevent waste of water and to reduce the attention of the user
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- To institutionalize social regulations level that govern the allocation, use and management of water for the different purposes.
- To achieve equitable and sustainable access to groundwater to all farmers through sharing of resources and socially regulated demand management of the resource.
- To achieve equitable and secure access to water for drinking, sanitation and domestic needs at affordable costs for all households or company within the project area and project period.
- To construct an electronic device that can automatically detect water level (high and low) with high precision.
- To control the supply of water.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The water level circuit is a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the level of water in the overhead tank and also in the other containers. Nowadays, all the householders/owners are storing the water in overhead tanks by using the pumps. When the water is stored in the tank, no one can identify the level of water and also, no one can know when the water tank will fill. Hence there is an overflow of water in the tank, thus there is a wastage of energy and water. To resolve this type of problems by using the water level alarm circuit using transistor helps and indicated the level of water in the overhead tanks
1.4 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- Suitability : These water level controllers are ideally suited for normal water as well as for ultra low conductivity water with less than 1 micro/moh.
- Easy to Operate: this system come fitted with sensitivity setting which can be provided externally on a dial or with internal settings.
- Settings: It is equipped with technology which works on low or high sensitivity settings on the same machine and thereby saves costs of buying and using two different machines.
- Materials of Construction: this water indicator system is protected the against corrosion.
- Safety : This system is highly insulated, leakage proof and works without creating any noise.
- Save electricity
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This device is used in the following:
- overhead water tanks,
- swimming pool boilers,
- chemical plants,
- Science fair
- Technical college
- Industry or factory
- Role mode of water level indicator
- Fuel level indicate in vehicle
- electrical substations and also in other liquid storage systems.
1.6 PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
The only problem discovered in this work on the probes. Sensor probes will likely rust at a fast rate, while high mineral content in the water will likely plate to the probes enforcing failure or Causing inaccurate readings.
1.7 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, application, objective, problem of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
There are no reviews yet.
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *
Your review *
Name *
Email *
Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.
Related products
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC LED STREET LIGHT USING ELECTRONICS LDR AND PIR SENSOR
Rectification and repair of a faulty air conditioner, design and construction of an automatic intruder alarm system using infrared and 7-segment display, design and construction of a 555 timer and 4026 ic based digital countdown timer.
- Uncategorized 32 32 products
- Accountancy (Ac) Project Topics 9 9 products
- Accounting Project Topics 108 108 products
- Agricultural And Bio Environmental Engineering Project Topics 38 38 products
- Agricultural engineering project topics 32 32 products
- Agricultural Science Education Project Topics 29 29 products
- Agricultural Science Project Topics 35 35 products
- Banking And Finance (Bf) Project Topics 15 15 products
- Banking and Finance Project Topics 111 111 products
- Basic Education Project Topics 5 5 products
- Biology Education Project Topics 26 26 products
- Biomedical Topics Project Topics 20 20 products
- Building Engineering/Technology Project Topics 30 30 products
- Business Administration And Management (Bam) Project Topics 93 93 products
- Chemical And Geological Sciences Project Topics 30 30 products
- Chemical Engineering Project Topics 42 42 products
- Chemistry Education Project Topics 27 27 products
- Civic Education Project Topics 6 6 products
- Civil And Environmental Engineering Project Topics 44 44 products
- Civil Engineering Project Topics 68 68 products
- Co-Operative Economics And Management Project Topics 3 3 products
- Community Health Project Topics 44 44 products
- Computer Engineering Project Topics 35 35 products
- Computer Science Project Topics 167 167 products
- Cooperative Studies Guidance And Counseling Project Topics 1 1 product
- Economics Education Project Topics 13 13 products
- Education Project Topics 163 163 products
- Electrical And Electronic Engineering Project Topics 2557 2557 products
- Environmental Health Science School 60 60 products
- Estate Management Project Topics 36 36 products
- Farm Power And Machinery Project Topics 5 5 products
- Food and Nutrition project topics 37 37 products
- Health Education Project Topics 52 52 products
- Highway And Transportation Engineering Project Topics 14 14 products
- History project topics 3 3 products
- Hospitality And Transportation Department Project Topics 7 7 products
- Hospitality Management Project Topics 17 17 products
- Human Kinetics and Health Education Project Topics 24 24 products
- Industrial Safety And Environmental Project Topics 21 21 products
- Islamic Studies Project Topics 4 4 products
- Law Project Topics 20 20 products
- Marine Engineering Project Topics 53 53 products
- Maritime Transport Project Topics 14 14 products
- Marketing Department Project Topics 33 33 products
- Mass Communication Project Topics 49 49 products
- Mathematics And Statistics Project Topics 12 12 products
- Mechanical Engineering Project Topics 120 120 products
- Mechatronics engineering 40 40 products
- Medical And Health Science Project Topics 54 54 products
- Medical Laboratory Science Project Topics 48 48 products
- Metallurgical engineering topics 30 30 products
- Microbiology Project Topics 142 142 products
- Minerals And Petroleum Resources Engineering Project Topics 25 25 products
- Nursing And Midwifery Project Topics 22 22 products
- Nutrition And Dietetics Project Topics 32 32 products
- Office Technology And Management Project Topics 12 12 products
- Oil And Gas Engineering Project Topics 14 14 products
- Paramedic Project Topics 39 39 products
- Petroleum Engineering Project Topics 23 23 products
- Pharmacy Project Topics 32 32 products
- Physics Education Project Topics 44 44 products
- Physics Project Topics 416 416 products
- Public Administration Project Topics 61 61 products
- Public Health Education Project Topics 26 26 products
- Public Relations Project Topics 1 1 product
- Purchasing And Supply Project Topics 29 29 products
- Quantity Surveying Project Topics 6 6 products
- Religious Studies Education Project Topics 7 7 products
- Science Laboratory Technology Project Topics 7 7 products
- Seminar topics 2 2 products
- Sex Education Project Topics 1 1 product
- Social Studies Education Project Topics 1 1 product
- Soil And Water Engineering Project Topics 13 13 products
- Student Industrial Working Experience Scheme A Technical Report 3 3 products
- Surveying And Geoinformatic Project Topics 7 7 products
- Water and Waste Engineering 7 7 products
- Submit Paper
- Check Paper Status
- Download Certificate/Paper
- --> --> --> --> --> E-mail [email protected] --> -->