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Introduction to Judaism

Judaism is a monotheistic religion, believing in one god. It is not a racial group. Individuals may also associate or identify with Judaism primarily through ethnic or cultural characteristics. Jewish communities may differ in belief, practice, politics, geography, language, and autonomy.  Learn more about the practices and beliefs of Judaism.

Jews have lived in many different countries around the world through the centuries.

Major events in the history of Judaism include the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE, the Holocaust, and the founding of the State of Israel in 1948.

Judaism in the 21st century is very diverse, ranging from very Orthodox to more modern denominations.  

• Jewish communities before the war

Jewish Life and Religious Practices

There is a wide variety of acceptance and observance of the following practices by denominations and individual Jews.

Jewish life is guided by its annual and life cycle calendars. The annual calendar is a lunar calendar with approximately 354 days in one year on a 12-month cycle, with an extra month (Adar II) added occasionally to compensate for the difference between the lunar and solar calendars.

The Torah is read ritually in synagogue three times a week, on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturdays, following a yearly cycle through the entirety (or a third, depending on community) of the Five Books of Moses. Additionally, on holidays, special sections are read in synagogue that tie to the themes or origin story of the holiday being observed.

Jewish prayer services are conducted in the Hebrew language in the more traditional denominations of Judaism, and include varied levels of English (or the native language of the community’s Jews) in denominations such as Reform, Reconstructionist and Renewal. A rabbi can lead services but is not required. On weekdays, daily prayers are recited three times—morning, afternoon, and evening—with a fourth prayer service added on the Sabbath and holidays. While many prayers can be recited individually, certain prayers and activities, such as the reading of the Torah, the mourner’s prayer (the kaddish ), require a minyan or quorum of ten Jewish adults. As with the distinctions regarding English in the prayer service, some traditional denominations only count male adults in a minyan , while others count all adults.

Other central aspects of Jewish ritual observance include the dietary laws (laws of kashrut ) which forbid consumption of certain foods (like pork or shellfish), prohibit the mixing of milk and meat, and prescribe special rules for the slaughter of meat and poultry. Denominations and individual Jews may or may not follow these dietary laws strictly.

Major life-cycle events in Jewish tradition include the brit milah (ritual circumcision on the eighth day of a Jewish boy’s life), Bnai Mitzvah (a ceremony marking the passage from childhood to adulthood, at 12 years for a girl and 13 for a boy), marriage, and death.

Following the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE, the synagogue (derived from a Greek word meaning “assembly”), or Jewish prayer and study house, became the focal point of Jewish life. The role of the priesthood, so central to the Temple service, diminished, and the rabbi (literally, “my master”), or scholar versed in Jewish law, rose to a position of prominence in the community.

After the Holocaust

Before the Nazi takeover of power in 1933, Europe had a vibrant and mature Jewish culture.

By 1945, after the Holocaust , most European Jews—two out of every three—had been killed. Most of the surviving remnant of European Jewry decided to leave Europe. Hundreds of thousands established new lives in Israel , the United States , Canada, Australia, Great Britain, South America, and South Africa.

As of 2016, there were approximately 15 million Jews around the world. About 85% of world Jewry lives in Israel or the United States.

Critical Thinking Questions

• Investigate the wide range of observances and traditions in the Jewish communities before, during, and after the Holocaust.
• Learn about the history of the Jewish community in your country.

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The Origins of Judaism PowerPoint and Keynote Presentations

Subject: History

Age range: 12 - 18

Resource type: Other

Last updated

5 January 2019

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Mr. Harms has designed a number of PowerPoint and Keynote presentations to help students understand history. Designed by a teacher for teachers, this PowerPoint focuses on “The Origins of Judaism”. This presentation is designed to give students an overview of how the Hebrew Religion and nation of Israel developed. Students will be shown maps, animations and descriptions detailing these events.

The Topics include: Religion, Canaan, Israel, Judah, Bible, Abraham, God, Torah, Monotheism, Covenant, Exodus, Moses, Ten Commandments, Hebrews, 12 Tribes, Prophets, Saul, David, Solomon, Arc of the Covenant and Exile.

Number of Slides: 54 $5.40

Included in The Presentation Package:

• Keynote Presentation
• Power Point Presentation
• Text edit file of the outline of the presentation and presenter’s notes.

The package is a digital download (Zip File) of these three items.

Source: McDougal Littel’s World History: Patterns of Interaction Beginnings of Civilization People and Ideas on the Move Chapter 3, Section 4 “The Origin of Judaism”

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Judaism 101 – An Introduction to Judaism

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This 18-week Pathways Into Judaism course is for anyone looking to explore and/or enrich their knowledge about what Judaism has to offer as a spiritual path, evolving culture, and sacred way of life.

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Evolving tradition: deepening our understanding of reform judaism.

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Judaism: Basic Beliefs

Jewish people believe in the Torah, which was the whole of the laws given to the Israelities at Sinai. They believe they must follow God's laws which govern daily life. 

How did Judaism begin?

Judaism began about 4000 years ago with the Hebrew people in the Middle East. Abraham, a Hebrew man, is considered the father of the Jewish faith because he promoted the central idea of the Jewish faith: that there is one God. At the time many people in the Middle East worshipped many gods. It is said that Abraham and his wife Sarah, who were old and childless, were told by God that their children would be as plentiful as the stars in the sky and that they would live in a land of their own -- the Promised Land. This gradually came true.

Abraham's son, Isaac had a son, Jacob, also called Israel. In this way the descendants of Abraham came to be known as the Israelites. God promised the Israelites he would care for them as long as they obeyed God's laws. While still traveling, the Hebrews lived in Egypt where they were enslaved. Moses, a Hebrew, was chosen by God to lead the Hebrew people out of Egypt. Moses led the Hebrew people out of the Sinai Desert toward the promised land. At Mt. Sinai, God gave Moses the Law which would guide the Israelites to today. The laws were called the Ten Commandments and form the basis of the Torah, the book of Jewish law.

It took many years for the Israelites to finally get to what they thought was the Promised Land - Canaan. After some fighting the Jews established the Israelite kingdom. After many years, Canaan was conquered by the Assyrians, the Babylonians and then eventually the Romans. The Israelites once again found themselves enslaved, this time by Babylonians. The Israelites were then taken over by Romans who destroyed much of what had been built in Jerusalem by the Israelites. Most of the Jews were scattered all over the region and eventually moved from place to place to avoid persecution which continues to this day. The dispersion of the Jews is called the Diaspora.

The worst persecution of the Jews was during World War II by the Nazis who murdered more than six million Jews or a third of the world's Jewish population. This was called the Holocaust. Beginning in the 1880's Jews began returning to their homeland in growing numbers, this time to avoid persecution where they lived. After World War II, many Jews believed that for the Jewish people and culture to survive, Jews needed to live in their own country where all Jews from anywhere in the world would have the right to live and be citizens. In 1948, Palestine was divided up and a Jewish state of Israel was formed in the land that was once called Canaan, surrounded by countries with predominantly Muslim populations. Since Muslims also claimed rights to the land where the Jews were living, there was conflict, which continues to this day in the Middle East.

Today nearly fourteen million Jewish people live all over the world. Approximately half of them live in the United States, one quarter live in Israel, and a quarter are still scattered around the world in countries in Europe, Russia, South America, Africa, Asia and other North American and Middle Eastern countries. Anyone born to a Jewish mother is considered a Jew.

What do Jewish people believe?

Jewish people believe in the Torah, which was the whole of the laws given to the Israelities at Sinai. They believe they must follow God's laws which govern daily life. Later legal books, written by rabbis, determine the law as it applies to life in each new place and time.

The Ten Commandments, as written in the Torah, are:

• Worship no other God but Me.
• Do not make images to worship.
• Do not misuse the name of God.
• Observe the Sabbath Day (Saturday). Keep it Holy.
• Honor and respect your father and mother.
• Do not murder.
• Do not commit adultery.
• Do not steal.
• Do not accuse anyone falsely. Do not tell lies about other people.
• Do not envy other's possessions.

There are three basic groups of Jewish people who have a different understanding of the interpretation of the Torah.

Orthodox Jews believe that all of the practices in the Torah which it is practical to obey must be obeyed without question.

Conservative and Reform Jews believe that the ancient laws and practices have to be interpreted for modern life with inclusion of contemporary sources and with more concern with community practices than with ritual practices.

Reform Jews also allow everyone to sit together, men and women, and both Hebrew and the local language are spoken in services.

What are the sacred texts of the Jewish people?

The Tenakh is the ancient collection of writings that are sacred to the Jews. They were written over almost a thousand years from 1000 to 100 BCE. The word Tenakh comes from the three first letters of the three books included in this text: the Torah, plus the Nev'im (prophets) and the Ki'tuvim (writings, which include histories, prophecies, poems, hymns and sayings).

The Torah is written on scrolls and kept in a special cabinet called the aron hakodish, the holy ark, in synagogues. The Torah is read with a pointer called a yad (hand) to keep it from being spoiled. Each week, one section is read until the entire Torah is completed and the reading begins again.

The Talmud is also an important collection of Jewish writings. Written about 2000 years ago, it is a recording of the rabbis' discussion of the way to follow the Torah at that time. Later texts, the Mishnah Torah and the Shulhan Aruch, are recordings of rabbinic discussions from later periods.

A Summary of Judaism

Abner & Roslyn Goldstine Dean’s Chair Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies Vice President, American Jewish University

Rabbi Dr Bradley Shavit Artson ( www.bradartson.com ) has long been a passionate advocate for social justice, human dignity, diversity and inclusion. He wrote a book on Jewish teachings on war, peace and nuclear annihilation in the late 80s, became a leading voice advocating for GLBT marriage and ordination in the 90s, and has published and spoken widely on environmental ethics, special needs inclusion, racial and economic justice, cultural and religious dialogue and cooperation, and working for a just and secure peace for Israel and the Middle East. He is particularly interested in theology, ethics, and the integration of science and religion. He supervises the Miller Introduction to Judaism Program and mentors Camp Ramah in California in Ojai and Ramah of Northern California in the Bay Area. He is also dean of the Zacharias Frankel College in Potsdam, Germany, ordaining Conservative rabbis for Europe. A frequent contributor for the Huffington Post and for the Times of Israel, and a public figure Facebook page with over 60,000 likes, he is the author of 12 books and over 250 articles, most recently Renewing the Process of Creation: A Jewish Integration of Science and Spirit. Married to Elana Artson, they are the proud parents of twins, Jacob and Shira.   Learn more infomation about Rabbi Artson .

One of the ironies of modern Judaism is that so many of us consider the sermon to be the high point of the Shabbat service.  In fact, a sermon in the vernacular is a relatively recent addition to the service, and our tradition, as a whole, generally minimizes the significance of preaching. 

The Torah prefers to teach through the concrete examples of peoples' lives, or through the presentation of rules that make for a sacred and compassionate society. This week’s Torah portion is no exception to that general premise. Here, in very clear terms, the Torah presents a concise description of biblical and rabbinic Judaism:

Heed the Lord your God diligently, doing what is right in His sight, giving ear to His commandments and keeping all his laws.

The central focus of Judaism--from the liberation of our ancestors from Egyptian slavery to the present moment--has been the translation of Jewish values into acts of sacred obedience.  As the Mishnah insists, "it is not the explanation that is essential, but the deed itself." Religions which focus primarily on matters of faith or true belief ultimately provide neither standards of behavior nor ingrained belief.  Only those creeds which are hardened on the forge of actual living, which are refined in the bellows of daily practice are able to provide guidance and comfort in moments of crisis or despair.  The greatness of Judaism testifies that  true religiosity is demonstrated through godly behavior, rather than in an acquiescence to approved beliefs. The rabbis of antiquity recognized a special kind of love between God and the Jewish People in the very fact of our having been commanded. 

According to the Mekhilta, it is through providing the mitzvot that God "bestowed greatness upon them."  High standards are only demanded from people or issues who matter in one's life.   The Mekhilta continues by explaining just what those standards are: "The voice of the Lord" means the Ten Commandments. "What is right in His sight" refers to praiseworthy conduct which are apparent to all humanity.  "Give ear to His commandments" refers to decrees that accord to reason, and "all his laws" refers to those practices which have no reason but are simply performed because the tradition requires it. How striking, the wide range of Jewish responsibility!  We are accustomed to think of Judaism in terms of specific rituals--lighting Shabbat candles, or keeping the dietary laws of kashrut, but the rabbis here explain that those decent practices which all humanity insists on--not murdering, fair business practices, not stealing--these too are a part of the fabric of Jewish living.   Just because a deed or an insight is not unique to Jews does not mean it is not essential to Judaism. Yet, at the same time, those deeds which cannot be explained simply according to logic may be among the most essential.  Civilizations cultivate and signify belonging through practices that are largely arbitrary.  Why wear a tie around the neck?  Why smear bright colored paint only on the lips?  These practices demonstrate belonging and associated values--their justification has little to do with reason and everything to do with community. 

So too, says Rashi (11th Century France),  with those commandments in the Torah that appear to have no basis in reason.  The commandment not to mix linen and wool in the same garment, to refrain from pork, and other such rules provide Jews with a common identity and a set of symbols which can remind us of the lofty values and moral impulse underlying all of Jewish practice. 

Those inexplicable practices are the very foundation of Jewish civilization, the ongoing training grounds for Jewish belonging. Judaism--a network of sacred deeds--provides a path to holiness and goodness through the tangible acts of moral and ritual living.  By cultivating the practice of mitzvot, the Jew learns to identify with a glorious and ancient history, to exemplify and caring and a rigorous morality, and to demonstrate reverence and obedience to the God who liberates slaves and who has chosen us in love. That same God calls to us now.  Will you do  something about it?

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Widescreen (16:9) Presentation Templates. Change size...

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Judaism:� A Religion and a Way of Life

6th Grade World Religions Unit

Originating in the Middle East region, especially referring to language and religion

A day of religious observance and abstinence from work, kept by Jews from Friday evening to Saturday evening

A short saying, stating a general truth or piece of advice

Preparing food according to the requirements of Jewish law

A Jewish religious leader or teacher

Bar Mitzvah

The religious initiation ceremony of a Jewish boy who has reached the age of thirteen and is regarded as ready to take part in public worship

Bat Mitzvah

A religious initiation ceremony for a Jewish girl who has reached the age of twelve and is regarded as the age of religious maturity

• The Tanakh is the Jewish holy book
• It was originally written in Hebrew, the language of the Jews
• Many Tanakhs are available in Hebrew and English
• The Torah is made up of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible
• The torah is written on large scrolls and kept in an ark in Jewish synagogues
• Idolatry is worshipping an image or idol
• Idolatry is considered a sin because it violates one of the Ten Commandments
• A proverb is a saying that contains wisdom
• Proverbs is the 20th book of the Tanakh
• It was written by King Solomon around 960 BCE
• “One who seeks love overlooks faults, but one who harps on a matter alienates a friend.” (Proverbs 19:7)

King Solomon

• Known for his wisdom, his wealth and his writings.
• His kingdom extended from the Euphrates River in the north to Egypt in the south.
• People from surrounding nations also came to hear Solomon’s wisdom. He composed 3,000 proverbs
• A patriarch is the father or male head of a family, tribe, or nation
• Abraham is the patriarch of the Jews and the founding father of Judaism

Important Jewish �Objects and Symbols

• A Kipp ah or Yarmulke is a small round cap worn on the head
• It is usually worn by men, but some women wear them also
• They come in many different colors and designs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28JrULJb5fQ

• The Star of David, or Shield of David, is a six-pointed star that is formed by overlapping two triangles
• It is named after King David
• It is also on the flag of Israel
• Became king of Israel after he defeats Goliath
• The Star of David is the symbol for God’s rule in all six directions
• King David is the father of King Solomon

Important Jewish�Objects and Symbols

• A Mezuzah is a special type of case attached to the right side of a door
• Many Jewish families only have a Mezuzah outside their front door
• It has the first two paragraphs of the Shema inscribed on a small piece of parchment inside it

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o7PX-O_Xi2Y

• A Shofar is a ram’s horn blown during the month prior to Rosh Hashanah (New Year) and at the end of Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)
• The shofar is blown to remind people of their responsibility to ask for forgiveness for sins
• A Dreidel is a four-sided top
• Each side has a Hebrew letter on it
• Players spin the dreidel to try and win tokens such as candy, nuts, or coins

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EkTLN1T17p4

Jewish Food

• Many Jews follow dietary laws that restrict what types of food they can eat
• Cattle, sheep, goats, deer and bison are kosher meats as long as they are killed in accordance with kosher law

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifKFC4jYqS8

• Challah is a braided egg bread eaten on Shabbat and Jewish holidays
• Latkes are potato pancakes which are usually served as a side dish at Hanukkah meals

Basic Beliefs

• They are the “chosen people” – have the responsibility of receiving the Torah and spreading God’s message
• Awaiting the Messiah, who they believe will be a descendant of King David, bring peace to Earth, and everyone will worship one God
• A cornerstone of Jewish faith is active personal and social responsibility. They believe you may not shut your eyes to injustice or the sufferings of others.
• The Jewish house of worship
• Sometimes called a temple
• The rabbi is the religious leader and teacher
• Mitzvot means commandments in Hebrew
• The mitzvot guide how a Jewish person lives, worships, and behaves
• Expected to pray 3 times a day
• Prayers include the Shema and the Amidah
• They ask God for health, wisdom, and safety

Tzedakah - Charity

• Jews are obligated to donate to charity
• Standard amount is 10-15% of their income

Shabbat – The Sabbath

• Starts at sundown on Friday and ends at sundown on Saturday
• Enjoy a special family meal
• Do not use modern conveniences or perform creative acts

Bar Mitzvah & Bat Mitzvah

• Boys – 13 years
• Girls – 12 years
• Means “son/ daughter of the commandments”
• Rite of passage to adulthood
• Includes a synagogue ceremony and a party
• Sign a marriage contract called a ketubah
• Brides wear veils
• Ceremony takes place under a chupah
• The groom breaks a glass at the end

Jewish Calendar

• Jewish calendar is a lunar calendar based on the phases of the moon
• This calendar is about 12 days shorter than a solar year
• Every 2 or 3 years, they add a “leap month”
• On a Jewish calendar, it is year 5774

Jewish Holidays

• Rosh Hashanah is the Jewish New Year and is usually in late September
• Yom Kippur is the Day of Atonement and is usually in early October
• Hanukkah is the festival of the rededication of the Temple and is in December
• Passover commemorates the Exodus from Egypt and is in late March or early April

Anti-Semitism

• Anti-Semitism is acts of violence and hatred against Jewish people
• Over thousands of years the Jews have been enslaved by the Egyptians, attacked by the Syrian Greeks, slaughtered by Christians during the Crusades, and murdered by Muslims in countless battles over the Holy Lands

The Holocaust

• Before and during World War II, Adolph Hitler and the Nazis blamed Germany’s problems on the Jews and other minority groups
• The Nazis imprisoned millions of Jews in concentration camps
• About 6 million Jews were killed during the Holocaust

Don’t Be a Hater

Treat people with kindness, compassion, and understanding.

Defend the right to religious freedom - ALL religions, not just your own.

Examples of groups that defend religious freedom

Anti-Defamation League

American Civil Liberties Union

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History of the Jewish People

History of the jewish people presentation, free google slides theme and powerpoint template.

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