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The Culture of Canada

• Categories: Canada Cultural Identity

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Words: 854 |

Published: Dec 18, 2018

Words: 854 | Pages: 2 | 5 min read

Works Cited:

• Amnesty.org. (2013, August 6). Pussy Riot jailed for hooliganism. https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/pussy-riot-jailed-hooliganism
• BBC News. (2013, August 23). Pussy Riot: Russian Orthodox Church forgives group. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-23837331
• Collins Dictionary. (2019). Hooliganism definition and meaning.
• European Convention on Human Rights. (1950). Article 10 - Freedom of expression.
• Oxford University Press. (2019). Censorship.
• Reporters Without Borders. (2019). World Press Freedom Index 2019.
• Spangler, T. (2019, May 1). What is the FCC, and what does it regulate? Variety. https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/what-is-the-fcc-1203199331/
• Stern, M. (2017). Sounds like censored: the suppression of dissent in the art world. ABC-CLIO.
• Wiggins, T. (2014). Censorship in Vietnam: Brave New World. Routledge.
• Wittern-Keller, L., & Shachar, H. (Eds.). (2010). Freedom of speech: documents decoded. ABC-CLIO.

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Canadian cultural values and beliefs

Posted November 21, 2016

Maple Leaf  by Stephen Ransom .   CC BY-NC-SA

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Canadians are known to be some of the most polite, tactful, and peace-loving human beings on the planet. In fact, a stereotypical Canadian is someone who apologizes despite not being at fault. To a certain extent, this is true. The society greatly values tolerance, humility as well as non-violence.

To be sure, Canadians have individual traits and quirks. However, the following are 10 cultural norms generally observed in Canadian society. Having an idea of these will lead you to a deeper understanding of Canadian culture and guide you in your adaptation:

Egalitarianism

People are seen as equal in an egalitarian society. This is why hierarchies are not very evident. Everyone is deserving of equal rights and opportunities regardless of gender, age, race or beliefs.

Informality

Most Canadians are casual in dress and language. There are no strict dress codes in the workplace (unless you work in a bank or law office). Clothes are casual to informal. Everyone is on a first-name basis. Even seniors (or superiors) are addressed by their first names. However, when meeting a person for the first time, it would be safe to address them by Mr./Mrs./Ms. (or a professional title like Dr.) and their last name. More often than not, they will tell you that you may address them by their first name later on.

Order and space

Canadians value order and their personal space. They also value personal privacy. This is why salary, family life, weight, age, religion and other personal topics are not discussed openly. It is also understood that a person has rights over their own property. It is expected that anyone should ask permission first before using anything that is not theirs. Disruptive behavior, such as cutting in line, speaking out of turn, shouting, talking loudly are frowned upon. Decorum is part of keeping order and respecting other people’s space.

Individualistic yet community-oriented

Canadians are serious about meeting their responsibility to the community. Despite being individualistic, community life is a priority. Canadians get involved by volunteering, donating, and by maintaining affinity to their community.

Punctuality

Being on time is highly valued in Canada. Punctuality is a sign of respect. Everyone is expected to arrive on time or at least five-10 minutes earlier. Similarly, deadlines are taken seriously. It is an indication of your integrity.

Respects is shown through politeness, punctuality, tolerance and social order. It is considered harassment to talk badly about a person’s looks, their beliefs, age, gender and status in life. Communication is indirect and diplomatic. Canadians can disagree, but tactfully. Communication is also practical, especially in the workplace. You are expected to be clear and direct, and speak up for yourself.

Multiculturalism and diversity

Canada developed into a strong nation by welcoming immigrants. It continues to value the diversity that various cultures contribute to society. In 1971, Canada became the first country in the world to adapt multiculturalism as an official policy . This affirmed people’s rights in maintaining their unique cultural identity. The policy also promotes cross-cultural understanding and harmony.

Political correctness

Political correctness means avoiding saying or doing things that exclude, insult or marginalize groups of people. Because Canada is diverse and multicultural, being politically correct is essential to living harmoniously with everyone.

Regionalism

Some say that Canadians have an affinity to their province or region, sometimes more than their country. According to the Canadian Encyclopedia , “regional identities were formed after Europeans settled across the continent among distinct First Nations tribes. Today, regionalism is expressed in various provincial identities, in our economy, and in the daily textures of life in different parts of the land.”

These may be generalizations but it is said that the Atlantic provinces (the Maritimes and Newfoundland and Labrador) are reserved and old-fashioned; Ontario is business-like and conservative; people in Western Canada (Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan) are open and friendly; British Columbia is unconventional and progressive; Quebec is distinct and autonomous; and the North (Yukon, the Northern Territories and Nunavut) has a strong pioneering spirit.

Love for the environment

Canadians are proud of their rich natural resources. They have deep respect for the environment. They appreciate nature. They love camping. They also maintain their parks and open spaces, and adopt environment-friendly policies.   Article updated July 19, 2023.   Sources: Cultural Information-Canada ; Commisceo Global , Canadian Cultures , University of Winnipeg; and Regionalism , The Canadian Encyclopedia. Accessed and updated November 6, 2018.

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1 . Question

1. In an egalitarian society, an individual’s status and position in society will determine how well he/she will be treated.

2 . Question

2. For the most part, Canadians tend to dress ________ at the workplace.

• (a) Informally
• (b) Formally
• (c) Strictly

3 . Question

3. Some sensitive topics to avoid in conversations include

• (a) religion
• (b) food preference

4 . Question

4. What does it mean to “speak out of turn”?

• (a) It means to praise someone in front of others.
• (b) It means to speak very loudly.
• (c) It means to say something you should not have said, especially if you did not have the authority to do so.

5 . Question

5. Select the synonym for “pragmatic”.

• (a) Sensible
• (b) Idealistic
• (c) Punctual

6 . Question

6. Select the definition for “marginalize”.

• (a) To say or write very harsh and critical things about someone.
• (b) To put or keep someone in a powerless or unimportant position within a society or group.
• (c) To treat a person in a harsh or harmful way.

7 . Question

7. According to the article, which province is often seen as open and friendly?

• (a) Newfoundland
• (b) Ontario
• (c) Manitoba

8 . Question

8. Preserving and protecting the environment is important to Canadians.

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• MLA 8TH EDITION
• Blattberg, Charles. "Canadian Identity". The Canadian Encyclopedia , 04 December 2019, Historica Canada . www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-identity. Accessed 25 April 2024.
• The Canadian Encyclopedia , 04 December 2019, Historica Canada . www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-identity. Accessed 25 April 2024." href="#" class="js-copy-clipboard b b-md b-invert b-modal-copy">Copy
• APA 6TH EDITION
• Blattberg, C. (2019). Canadian Identity. In The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-identity
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• CHICAGO 17TH EDITION
• Blattberg, Charles. "Canadian Identity." The Canadian Encyclopedia . Historica Canada. Article published January 02, 2013; Last Edited December 04, 2019.
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Canadian Identity

Article by Charles Blattberg

Updated by Jon Tattrie, Andrew McIntosh

Published Online January 2, 2013

Last Edited December 4, 2019

The question of what it means to be a Canadian has been a difficult and much debated one. Some people see the question itself as central to that identity. Canadians have never reached a consensus on a single, unified conception of the country. Most notions of Canadian identity have shifted between the ideas of unity and plurality. They have emphasized either a vision of “one” Canada or a nation of “many” Canadas. A more recent view of Canadian identity sees it as marked by a combination of both unity and plurality. The pluralist approach sees compromise as the best response to the tensions — national, regional, ethnic, religious and political — that make up Canada.

One or Many Canadas?

In many old countries, the name of the dominant ethnic group is synonymous with the country’s identity — for example Germans in Germany, or French in France. But Canada had numerous First Nations , as well as multiple ethnic settler groups from the start. This makes it harder to pin down a Canadian identity in the traditional sense.

The question of what it means to be a Canadian — what moral, political or spiritual perspectives it involves — has been a difficult and much-debated one. Some people see the question itself as central to that identity. The main reason for this is that Canadians have never reached anything close to a consensus on a single, unified conception of the country. According to some observers, this is because fundamental social divisions prevent such a conception from taking shape. First, there is the separation between the Indigenous peoples and the European colonists and their descendants. Second, there is the separation between the famous “ two solitudes .” This term referred originally to those colonists with either French or British ancestry. Third, extensive immigration since the Second World War has produced a poly-ethnic society. Some see that as incompatible with a unified idea of the country.

As a result, most notions of Canadian identity have shifted between the ideas of unity and plurality. They have emphasized either a vision of “one” Canada or a nation of “many” Canadas. A more recent, postmodernist view of Canadian identity sees it as marked by a combination of both unity and plurality. Another approach moves in between, rather than combining these two extremes. It views Canada as more-or-less cohesive, characterized by what Charles Taylor called “deep diversity.”

Crown and Economy

The unified idea of Canadian identity has taken various forms throughout history. Often, it depends on which authority is given the final word over matters of profound disagreement.

Originally, there were two main competing views on the question of Canadian identity. Monarchists pointed to the Crown and the country’s ties with Britain. Mercantilists , on the other hand, advocated protectionist economic policies in order to facilitate exports . This view was held by the Chateau Clique in Lower Canada and the Family Compact in Upper Canada . Over time, the Crown lost virtually all its power. It now plays a largely symbolic role in the country. Those that put the economy first believe that Canada is at its best when it can provide its citizens with an “efficient society.”

Populism and the “Just Society”

There have been at least two other contenders for the role of “Canada’s unifying idea.” One argues that in a democracy, the people have ultimate authority. This view draws upon the American republican model. It inspired the failed Canadian rebellions of 1837–38 . It also reflects the various populist movements and parties that have been influential at times. These include the Social Credit parties in the west and Quebec , as well as the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and the Reform Party .

The second is the theory of a “Just Society.” It formed the basis of former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau ’s view of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982). He inserted this into the Constitution during its patriation from Britain . Trudeau’s “Dream of One Canada” calls for uniformly respecting the individual rights of all Canadians. This is why he so strongly opposed the failed Meech Lake Accord (1987). It would have recognized Quebec as a “distinct society” and allowed its citizens to be treated differently than other Canadians.

Threats to Canadian Society

All of these views link to the idea that Northrop Frye called a “garrison mentality.” Margaret Atwood identified it as the “survival” theme present in English Canadian literature . It sees plurality — in the form of certain external “others” — as a threat to the integrity of Canadian society.

These threats include: untamed nature, as symbolized by the harshness of winter , the wilderness, or Indigenous peoples ; the separatist movement of some Québécois nationalists ; and the “balkanization” of the country due to a multicultural policy that some critics believe has led to ethnic ghettos rather than the assimilation of immigrants . This view has led its proponents to take a belligerent stance towards these supposed threats.

Genius for Compromise

The pluralist conception of Canadian identity sees accommodation as the best response to the tensions — national, regional, ethnic, religious and political — that make up Canada. According to this view, the rights contained in the Charter do not form a unified whole. Rather, they must be balanced against each other. This is fully in keeping with Canadian tradition.

Northrop Frye put it this way: “The Canadian genius for compromise is reflected in the existence of Canada itself.” Sir John A. Macdonald , the country’s first prime minister , praised the resolutions that would become the British North America Act (1867) for bearing “the marks of compromise.” Perhaps it is also why the winner of a 1972 CBC Radio contest in search of a Canadian equivalent to the phrase “as American as apple pie” was neither “as Canadian as maple syrup ” nor “as Canadian as hockey .” It was “as Canadian as possible, under the circumstances.”

Conversation, Not Negotiation

The view of Canada as a deeply diverse community stresses the importance of resolving conflicts by using conversation instead of negotiation. This view believes that conversation builds toward the common good by focusing on listening and working to a shared understanding. Negotiations, in contrast, involve rival sides trying to get the best results for themselves.

This view of the common good in Canada encourages a strictly political, rather than national, conception of the country. In this view, Canada constitutes a “civic” community — a community of citizens, rather than a “nation.” National communities are considered largely cultural entities. That said, the civic or political conception of Canada recognizes that the country contains many other kinds of communities, including the national. As a result, those who support this approach tend to describe Canada as “multinational” or as forming a “nations-state.” They call on its citizens to talk through their conflicts rather than negotiate them, though negotiation is often seen as unavoidable.

Indeed, most Canadians have carried out this approach in a way that reflects small-l liberal ideology . In the United States, conservatism is more dominant. In Scandinavian countries, democratic socialism is more typical. As a result of this emphasis on liberalism, Canadian political parties hoping to form a government have stressed the more liberal elements of their platforms.

Recognition for Ethnic Groups

According to this approach, national communities should be distinguished from the civic or political sort. They should also not be equated with ethnic communities. ( See also: Ethnic Identity .) The question is whether the ethnic group wants recognition and self-determination from the state, or if they identify primarily with Canada.

Ethnic groups seeking self-determination and recognition have included Indigenous peoples, French-speaking Québéckers, English-speaking Canadians, and perhaps the Acadians . Examples of ethnic groups not seeking such status include the many hyphenated Canadians (e.g., Scottish , Chinese , African-Canadians ).

English Canadians are sometimes described as forming a “nation that dares not speak its name.” They tend not to see themselves as constituting a distinct community. Instead, they are often viewed as just one of the two linguistic groups in bilingual Canada. English Canadians have had the luxury of subscribing to this view. As the dominant group in the country, it is all too easy to overlook the distinction between one’s national community and the country as a whole.

Each of these positions has been well-represented in the debate over the nature of Canadian identity. There is no reason to think that the argument will end any time soon.

See also: Canadian Identity and Language .

• immigration
• English Canada
• Constitution
• Indigenous Peoples in Canada
• bilingualism
• French Canadian
• multiculturalism
• Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Further Reading

• John Ralston Saul ,  A Fair Country: Telling Truths about Canada  (2008).
• Charles Blattberg,  Shall We Dance? A Patriotic Politics for Canada  (2003).
• Michael Ignatieff ,  The Rights Revolution  (2000).
• Joseph Heath,  The Efficient Society: Why Canada Is as Close to Utopia as It Gets  (2001).
• Sylvia Bashevkin,  True Patriot Love: The Politics of Canadian Nationalism  (1991).
• Richard Gwyn ,  Nationalism without Walls: The Unbearable Lightness of Being Canadian  (1995).
• Charles Taylor , ed. Guy Laforest,  Reconciling the Solitudes: Essays on Canadian Federalism and Nationalism  (1993)
• Will Kymlicka ,  Finding Our Way: Rethinking Ethnocultural Relations in Canada  (1998).

Canadian Identity Essay: 20 Essay Topics and Writing Guide

Canadian identity is something that has become really important for many Canadians in the past fifty years. Canada is a big, multinational country with its own traditions, culture, and history. However, because of quite a large number of foreigners and even Americans, its culture and people are associated with the United States. The reason is very simple.

Our specialists will write a custom essay specially for you!

The US is the biggest and closest neighbor of Canada. The main purpose of writing an essay on Canadian identity is obvious. You have to prove that Canada differs a lot from the United States and that such a thing as Canadian identity does exist.

However, your task is not that simple. There are many things that you have to know to write a powerful Canadian identity essay. But before you continue reading, don’t forget to bookmark our  homepage website.

And now let’s get back to our essay on Canadian identity.

• 📜 Learn More About the Canadian History
• ❓ Who Are the True Canadians?
• 💡 Issues to Introduce in Your Essay on Canadian Identity
• 📑 21 Essay Topics on Canadian Identity

❓ Who Are the True Canadians?

Before you dive into the writing your national identity essay, let’s take a look at how Canadians identify themselves.

In 2016 the Pew Research Center conducted the survey “What It Takes to Truly Be ‘One of Us.” 14,514 people from 14 countries participated in it.

According to the survey results, the most crucial to Canadian identity is an ability to speak French or English and sharing Canadian traditions and customs.

Only 21% of respondents think that being born in Canada is essential for being Canadian.

At the same time, being a Christian really matters only for 15% of respondents. And almost half of surveyed Canadians stated that being a religious person does not important to national identity at all.

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💡 Issues to Introduce in Your Essay on Canadian Identity

What are some other issues that should be introduced in Canadian identity essays? What aspects will make your Canadian essay really strong and complete?

• Essays on Canadian identity should highlight the basic characteristics of the national identity (bicultural nature of the country, historical experience, social structure and policy, geophysical factors and so on).
• In your essay on Canadian identity, you can make a special emphasis on the period after the World War I. It was the period of Canadian identity crisis.

• Essays on Canadian identity can take a form of a compare and contrast essay. You will have to define similarities and differences between Canadians and Americans.

Sure, there are still lots of problems to explore in your assignment. But if you’re struggling with topic ideas, we’re here to help you!

📑 21 Essay Topics on Canadian Identity

Well, we’ve created a list of useful topics for your essay on Canadian identity. Just pick up one of them and start writing!

• Canadian people . Who are they? Try to discover exciting facts about Canadian people.
• Canadian literature and its impact on the sense of nationhood. Explore how Canadian writers influenced the formation of the national identity.
• Traditional Canadian food . Find out more about local cuisine. You may research how the indigenous traditions affected current food preferences.
• Current social issues in Canada . Investigate major problems in social life and make suggestions on how you’d solve them. Provide a few Canadian social norms examples.
• Proud to be Canadian . What makes Canada unique? Why are Canadians pleased to be citizens of this country? Describe Canada as a country.
• Cultural diversity in Canada . How ethnic groups in Canada form its culture? Provide some multiculturalism examples.
• National identity: hockey in Canadian culture . Why Canadians love this game? Explore the history of hockey in Canada .
• US vs. Canada . What does the phrase “meanwhile in Canada” mean? Discover cultural differences between the US and Canada .
• Famous Canadians who made a difference. Make a list of Canadian influencers and their impact on the modern world.

• Canadian culture: customs and traditions . If you’re planning to use this topic, try to find interesting facts about Canada culture . What are some Canadian values?
• Canada as the symbol of freedom . How did Canada gain independence? What were the prerequisites for this? Explore events that shaped Canada.
• Stereotypical Canadian things. Make a Canadian stereotypes list and provide their confirmation or refutation.
• Canada and religion . What are the major religions in Canada? How do they affect its internal policies?
• Canadian personality traits . What makes Canadians stand out from other nations? Think, if you were/are Canadian how you would answer this question: what makes you Canadian?
• Canadian identity crisis. Turn back to history and discover its premises and results.
• British culture in Canada. Canada was British dominion for centuries. Investigate how this fact influenced the development of modern Canadian culture. You may also want to learn more about Canadian culture symbols.
• Canadian immigration laws . How does immigration affect Canadian identity ? Explore the immigration tendencies and prospects.
• Cultural regions of Canada . Learn more about cultural diversity in Canadian provinces . What caused the difference between the cultural differences between provinces?
• Canada is the best country to live in. You can use this topic for your future argumentative essay. You may need to explore the latest surveys and rankings to find supporting evidence.
• Canadian music culture . What distinguishes Canadian music among other countries? Learn more about famous Canadian singers and musicians. Who are they?
• Aboriginal people and their role in Canadian Identity . Learn more about the history of indigenous people. Investigate treaty relationships between the First Nations of Northern America and Europeans. How did Aboriginal people shape Canadian culture?

So, work on your Canadian identity essay is going to be very interesting. Still, without substantial background information, it can be quite tricky. So, be ready for it and start looking for the sources to produce a powerful essay on Canadian identity!

If you could choose where to live in Canada, what city would you choose? Tell us in comments below and provide a brief explanation of why.

Get an originally-written paper according to your instructions!

Further reading:

• Nationalism Essay: An Ultimate Guide and Topics
• Human Trafficking Essay for College: Topics and Examples
• Essay on Corruption: How to Stop It. Quick Guide
• Murder Essay: Top 3 Killing Ideas to Complete your Essay

🔗 References

• What It Takes to Truly Be ‘One of Us’
• The 15 Best Canadian Foods
• Hockey is More Than a Game to Canadians
• Canadian Identity Essay Section at Cram
• Bartleby—Canada’s Identity
• Selection of Canadian Identity Essays
• Canadian Culture and National Identity
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Hi! Thanks for the tips on essays on Canadian identity! They seem very helpful! I hope to apply them for my Canadian identity essay writing successfully!

Hello! I want to thank you for this post on writing essays on Canadian identity. The post to read for everybody writing an essay on it!

106 Canadian History Essay Topics

What do you recall when asked about Canadian history? About controversial events or memorable individuals? Or maybe cross-cultural influences? As Canada has it all. By recognizing the complexity of its past, you can understand the current situation. Through Canada’s history, you can see its national identity and the richness of culture.

When choosing Canadian history topics for an assignment, try to select a focus for your paper from the get-go. Find an engaging event or perspective to write about and research it thoroughly. For that, check our list of Canadian topics for a school or college paper prepared by our team. Besides, see tips on writing your essay on the subject.

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🍁 good canadian history essay topics.

If you are trying to find a good Canadian history essay topic, then you are in the right place. Here you’ll see ideas according to age and school grade. It should help you to navigate and get inspired for the essay writing.

It doesn’t matter if you are a first-grade student or an undergraduate student. This list will be useful for everyone. You don’t have to stick to your age group; it’s only our recommendation. The offered topics vary from sports, food, culture, economy.

😛 Canadian History Essay Topics for Kids

• Where does the word “Canada” come from?
• Indigenous people in Canada . The three categories of indigenous people in Canada are Inuit, Metis, and First Nations. In this essay, children can talk about each group’s cultural identity and their homeland. How do these groups differ from one another?

• The voyageurs and Canadian indigenous people
• Under the French Rule. This topic is quite broad. You can focus on the ways French shaped Canadian culture. Or talk about food, language, and any other aspect they find interesting. There is a lot to discuss!
• Canada’s role in the First World War. This 20th century Canada history essay topic teach several valuable historical lessons. First, kids can enlarge their understanding of the First War War. Why did Canada have to enter the conflict? What role did the Canadian army play in this conflict?
• Canada in the Second World War and how did the war affect the country.
• The Canadian Constitution
• History of hockey in Canada . Hockey is regarded as the national game in Canada. It plays a massive role in the way people perceive Canada in the international arena. Discuss the significance of the game. Mention where it originated and who brought it to Canada.
• The life of Samuel de Champlain
• Maple Syrup as the Symbol of Canadian Culture . Maple syrup is one of Canada’s proudest products. It has a long history of production and distribution. How had Native Canadians been making this delicious sugary treat in the past? How did Europeans evolve their methods?
• History of Canadian Eastern Bunny
• The Acadian Culture . The Acadians are the Native Canadian people of the region. They are the descendants of French colonizers who settled in a beautiful area of Acadia. They speak a very distinct version of French called Acadian French. School students and kids can explore their food, their culture, literature, and music of the Acadians.
• Holidays of the First Natives
• The Causes of Canadian Confederation

🏫 Canadian History Essay Topics: High School

• The Aboriginals and Europeans
• First World War and the role of Canada. This is an interesting Canadian history essay topic for a high school student. Especially if you are looking to write about a significant world event from a non-European perspective.In this work, you can address several issues: Canadian sovereignty, colonial influence, and relationships within the country. Plus, examine in which ways this war changed the country.
• Women’s rights during the First World War. Canadian women play a massive role in the country. Though it wasn’t always this way. Before the First World War, Canadian women had a small role in political and social affairs. It all changed during the war. Women had to take more responsibility, supporting social life and war efforts. It allowed them to be heard. Discuss the positive effects the First World War had on the emancipation of women in Canada.

• World War I and its influence on Canada
• The political climate in the 1920s
• An Anti-Liquor Legislation in Canada
• The Great Depression’s influence on the Canadian identity . Students usually study this period of Canadian history in the 10th Grade. Elaborate on how the Great Depression affected the political and economic situation.
• Second World War and Canada before, during, and after the war
• Trudeau’s Era and how his policies changed the country
• The Settlers influence on the Canadian economy
• History: Native Canadians and Indian Act Essay
• The impact of the Great Depression on Canada . Explore one of the most significant events in Canadian history. Elaborate why Canada got so severely affected by the crisis, especially in the prairie areas. In the end, describe the process of recovery. What steps did the government have to take to help people and the economy to get back on track?
• The history of Canada through immigration . Canada is one of the few countries in the world that is very generous towards immigrants. Why do Canadians have this “open arms attitude”? What influenced the immigration policies?

🎓 Canadian History Essay Topics: University

• No American Slavery and Canada
• Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada
• Bilingualism and Bilingual Identity in Canada
• The Perception of WWI as an “English War”. It is not a secret that the vast majority of Canadians viewed WWI as an “English War.” At that time, the nation’s ties to Great Britain were solid. After Great Britain declared the war, Canada entered it automatically. In this essay, you can talk about common sentiment.
• Canada’s International Relationships during the two World Wars
• Social Conflicts in Canada at the beginning of the 20th Century
• The 20th Century Immigration Waves. Canada is the country built by immigrants. This essay is a great way to explore Canada’s immigrant success. See what policies have been implemented in the 20th century to promote immigration.
• The role of women’s labor in British Columbia
• Wall Street Market Crash in 1929 and how it changed Canada
• Colonization and Aboriginal People’s Loss of Connection to the Land . Talk about “the colonial wound” that the aboriginal people experienced. They lost the connection to the land, to the language, to the core of their identity. Explore the fur trade, the treaties, the residential schools, the Indian act. Think about how it could have affected the people.

• Economic Boost in Canada after WWII. Like many countries in the world, Canada experienced an economic boost after the war. Mention the transformation that the country experienced in the industrial sector.
• Social and Economic Change in Canada after WWII.
• The relationships between English and French Canadians . Anglophone and Francophone relationships in Canada were not always smooth. There was tension back in the 20th century, which led to the separation between the two groups. Comment on the principal reasons for the tension. How does bilingualism fit into modern Canada?
• Mi’kmaq in Culture and in Religion
• Canadian Multiculturalism on Race and Ethnicity
• Feminism in Canada
• The Correlation between Art History and the history of Canada . This essay gives a unique opportunity to look at the history of Canada through art history. Art is a subjective way to process reality, but at the same time, it’s one of the purest forms of history. It focuses on people and their emotions rather than dates and places. A good topic for anyone who likes art and history!
• Overlooked Persons: Women, Workers, & “Others” in 19th Century “Ontario.”

Canadian military history is rich. It starts with the Indigenous Welfare, continues with the French and Iroquois Wars. Then, there are British and French Conflicts, French and Indian Wars. In modern history, the Canadian Army participated in both World Wars. Besides, it took part in the Korean War, in the Gulf War, in the Afghan War, the Cold War, and many others.

Canadian links to Great Britain and the US are very strong. That’s why it usually supports large multinational coalitions. It does not declare wars, but still, you can see the Canadian army forces present.

Nevertheless, Canada tries to remain committed to peacekeeping efforts. It participated in every UN peacekeeping effort from its inception until 1988.

This list focuses on the interesting Canadian military history essay topics.

• Canadian army in Vietnam. Officially, the Canadian Army did not declare the war against Vietnam. However, recent papers revealed that in 1971 Canada was actively supporting the US army. Additionally, 30.000 Canadians volunteered to serve in the American Army during the war. It could be a debatable essay with a lot of historical evidence.
• What role did Canada play during the Cold War? Canada was a founding member of NATO. It played a significant role during the Cold War. Even though it was an American ally, it had a different foreign policy. School students can try to elaborate on the relationships between Canada and the Soviet Union. Comment on post-war paranoia, as well as anti-Communist propaganda. Talk about hockey and the famous Canada versus Soviet Union series.
• Canada’s Involvement in WWII: the causes and effects

• The Canadian Army in the two World Wars
• Aboriginals in the Canadian Army. This research paper can focus on the role the aboriginals played and are playing in the Canadian Army. Nowadays, more than 1000 Native Canadians serve in the Army. They represent more than 55 languages and almost 650 different tribes. Examine the role of the indigenous troops in the World Wars.
• A history of women in the Canadian Army
• The Canadian military history since 2000
• The Military Involvement of Canada in the Korean War
• The Canadian Army in Afghanistan. Critically examine Canadian Involvement in the conflict in Afghanistan. What was the World’s response? What was the Canadian contribution to the campaign against terrorism? Include some numbers and figures into the essay to make it factual.
• Is Canada a peacekeeping country? Canada tries to play a significant role in peacekeeping efforts, taking part in many related missions in the past years. You can analyze the deployments and missions. What solutions did the Canadian Army promote? Is it possible to keep neutrality in the conflicts?
• Canadian military funding
• Patriotism and Nationalism in Canada
• How the First World War Changed Canada
• The Beaver Wars. Several questions can be asked: why was beaver fur so critical in the Beaver Wars? What caused the Beaver Wars? What was the outcome of these conflicts?
• Canada and the American Revolution
• Invasion of Quebec
• Canada and the Soviet Union. If you decide to write an essay about Canada-Soviet Union relations, you will not regret it. The relationships did not start until 1941, but it evolved significantly during the 20th century. Talk about Pierre Trudeau’s role in changing them for the best and think why he wanted to lessen the ties with the US. What about cultural relations between these two nations? What about hockey?

Canadian Art becomes increasingly popular around the world. Nevertheless, Canada is a young nation, and the creation of Canadian Art is in process. There is still a long and fascinating journey ahead.

Canadian visual art tradition started at the beginning of the 19th. The most celebrated artists were immigrants. For instance, an Irish artist Paul Kane or a Dutch painter Cornelius Krieghoff.

Only at the beginning of the 20th century, Canadian art became genuinely Canadian. Let’s see the most peculiar Canadian Art History essay topics:

• The alternative realism of Kent Monkman
• First Nations Imagery in Emily Carr’s works. Emily Carr was one of the most influential artists in Canada. The Indigenous people inspired her, and her art reflects it. Learn about the artist, understand the work, and what she was trying to say with her art.
• Love and Loss in Maria Chapdelaine
• The Great War in the works of J.E.H. Macdonald
• Women and Girls in Annie Pootoogook’s paintings
• Indigenous Art in Canada. Aboriginal people in Canada have developed a very distinct artistic tradition. See what techniques, colors, shapes, and themes were standard in indigenous art. Use Robert Davidson, Bill Reid, Jerry Whitehead, as an excellent example of indigenous artists.
• The story of the Group of Seven. This essay topic is one of the most important for Canadian Art. It is with this group of artists, a distinctly Canadian art started to develop. Students should write about the group’s proposition and the movement it started. Elaborate why for this group nature was so important, why did they paint landscapes?

• Abstract Art in Canada
• How the totem pole became the symbol of Canadian Art?
• The Barbizon School artists in Canada. The Barbizon School of Art had a very significant influence on the Canadian Artists. You can comment on the school in general. Explain why this theme was so important for Canadian artists. Find several artists that appeal to you and analyze their work.
• Nationalism and the Group of Seven
• Contemporary Canadian Art. Aboriginal Art heavily influenced Canadian art. This connection becomes even more apparent in modern art. Examine contemporary landscape artists, contemporary urban landscape works. Explore photography and video as well.
• Women and the Artistic Field in Canada
• The Indian Group of Seven. This topic is for everyone who loves art for the artistic value of it. That is exactly what this group is promoting. They believe that there should be a shift made from the “aboriginal” to the “artistic” value of their art. However, it is not their only proposition. Talk about the social and cultural aspects of their manifesto.

✒️ How to Write an Essay on Canadian History

A history essay is one of the things every student has to learn how to write. Throughout your studying, you will most probably have to write hundreds of history essays.

Knowing the past is essential, but being able to connect the past with the present is paramount. Without these connections, history remains in the books; it does not become alive.

This mini-guide can help you to write a solid essay on Canadian history.

1) Define your topic

Even though you have the list of ideas available, it can be challenging. To narrow down your topic, ask questions. Here is the best way to do that:

• Identify what interests you
• Review what you have already written
• Find a topic you understand well

For instance, you can talk about “Immigrants in Canada,” or you can narrow down the topic to “Immigrant workers in Canada 1830-1840.”

2) Determine your thesis statement

To define your thesis statement, you will need to turn your topic into a question.

For example:

Your essay topic is “Immigrant workers in Canada 1830-1840”. Your preliminary thesis can be “British pauper children filled an important labor shortage on Canadian farms between 1830 and 1940.”

You can later refine it even further to make it sound more like:

“Canada’s practice of importing young child laborers was the controversial result of Britain’s attempts to deal with the poor and to fill Canada’s labor needs. Changing public perceptions of childhood led to the demise of child labor importation.”

The main goal is to keep the thesis simple enough but also to make it worth exploring and writing about. A good thesis is specific, explanatory, and argumentative.

3) Research

It does not matter how well you know the topic or how simple you think it is. There is one step you can never skip—your research. It is the best point of departure, and it will help you see what others wrote about it.

The bibliography is the foundation of your essay. You won’t be able to build a strong argument without a strong foundation. For this purpose, find trustworthy primary and secondary sources.

To find materials use:

• Encyclopedias
• Online library and databases (JSTOR, Google Books, Google Scholar)
• Shelf search

4) Take Notes

This step is not obligatory, but it can help you save a lot of time. Write down an essential piece of data from your sources. Note where the information comes from and why you need it later.

5) Create an outline

Consider taking this step even before you start writing. Why? It helps you to see your essay (and your arguments) even before you wrote it. It also prevents you from losing sight of your evidence. You can use other essays as your essay template.

6) Write, Revisit, Edit

While writing, keep your thesis in mind and try not to deviate. As you continue writing and reflecting, you will have more questions. So, don’t forget to adjust your thesis if it changes.

Revising and editing the essay are the last steps. Editing consists of looking for errors in grammar, syntax, word usage, spelling, and punctuation.

Thank you for reading, and good luck with the essay! Share the article with those who may find it useful and leave a comment below.

🔗 References

• Canadian History Essay Example: Bartleby
• History Essay Guide: Department of History, University of Ottawa
• Canadian Identity Essay: Cram
• Canadian Literature in English: L’Encyclopédie de l’histoire du Québec / The Quebec History Encyclopedia, Marionapolis College
• History: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Writing Historical Essays, A Guide for Undergraduates: Department of History, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
• Essay Introductions: University of Maryland Global Campus
• Discover Canada – Canada’s History: Canada.ca
• Canada’s History: Canada’s History Society
• How Significant Was the Fur Trade In Canadian History?
• Were Pierre Trudeau’s Policies Effective for Canadian History?
• How Has Charlottetown Conference Influenced Canada’s Unity?
• Should Written Canadian or American History Be Altered to Reflect a Darker Side of Its History?
• Has Canada Been Truly Built by Immigrants?
• What Was the Relationship Really Like Between Voyageurs and Aboriginals?
• What Were the Court Procedures in 19TH Century Ontario?
• Why Is the Group of Seven So Iconic in Canadian Art?
• What Has Caused the Beaver Wars?
• Who Were the Filles du ROI? What Happened to Them for the Most Part? What Was the Ultimate Impact of the Filles du ROI on New France?
• How Has Women’s Work Influenced Columbia?
• What Was Life Like for 19TH Century Families Involved in Ontario Lumber’s Industry?
• When Did Irish Catholics Choose Canada?
• How Did the Fashion of the French and English Upper Class in the Pre-confederation Era Compare to That of France and England?
• Can Canada Be Considered a Peacekeeper?
• Did Henry Alline Have a Lasting Impact on Nova Scotia?
• What Was the Extent of Canadian Involvement in the Spanish Civil War?
• Partisan Attack Ads—Are They Really Worse Nowadays?
• Was Reciprocity Good for British North America?
• What Has Caused Quebec Referendum?
• Beyond the Group of Seven: What Other Canadian Artists Had a Major Impact on the Art World?
• What Was Canada’s Role in the Boer War, and How Did the Public View the War?
• What Was Health Care Like in New France?
• How Did Canadians View Napoleon? How Did the Napoleonic Wars Affect Canada?
• What Was the Deal With Sir. John A. MacDonald and George Brown?
• Were Internment Camps Necessary?
• How Does Modern History Portray the Aboriginal People in Canada?
• What Were the Origins of the Conflict Between the French and the Iroquois?
• Why Was Slavery Abolished in Upper Canada?
• Did Religious Orders Other Than the Jesuits Play an Important Role in New France?
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

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3 Essays on Canada that Carve Out a Deeper Understanding of the Country!

Canada, a mosaic of landscapes, cultures, and histories, is a captivating subject of exploration. In this collection, we delve into three distinct aspects of this diverse nation.

From its breathtaking wilderness to its multicultural society and rich history, these essays provide a glimpse into the multifaceted tapestry that defines Canada.

Table of Contents

Essay 1: Why is Canada a Good Place to Live and Work

Canada, with its picturesque landscapes, vibrant cities, and diverse culture, stands as an attractive destination for individuals seeking a better quality of life and ample opportunities for personal and professional growth.

Its reputation as a welcoming and progressive nation is not unfounded, as it is supported by a multitude of factors that contribute to making Canada a prime choice for living and working.

One of the foremost reasons that make Canada a great place to live and work is its commitment to inclusivity and diversity. The country is often celebrated as a cultural mosaic, where people from various ethnic backgrounds coexist harmoniously.

This commitment to diversity is beautifully epitomized in cities like Toronto, where one can experience a tapestry of cultures, languages, and traditions. Justin Trudeau, the Prime Minister of Canada, succinctly captures this ethos, stating, “Canada is strong not in spite of our differences, but because of them.”

This emphasis on celebrating differences has resulted in an open and accepting society that welcomes immigrants and fosters a sense of belonging.

Furthermore, Canada’s robust healthcare and education systems add to its allure. The country offers universal healthcare, ensuring that every citizen and permanent resident has access to essential medical services.

This safety net provides peace of mind to residents, knowing that their health concerns will be addressed without facing crippling financial burdens. In the realm of education, Canada boasts world-class institutions that consistently rank among the top globally.

The quality of education, coupled with the multicultural environment, attracts students from around the world, creating a dynamic and intellectually stimulating atmosphere.

Canada’s natural beauty is another undeniable draw. From the breathtaking Rocky Mountains to the serene shores of its many lakes, the country offers a plethora of outdoor activities and a chance to reconnect with nature.

The preservation of its environment is a testament to Canada’s commitment to sustainable practices and high quality of life. The words of renowned environmentalist David Suzuki ring true in this context: “Canada is a country whose main exports are hockey players and cold fronts.

Our main imports are baseball players and acid rain.” The emphasis on protecting the environment for future generations underscores the nation’s dedication to both its citizens and the world at large.

Economically, Canada stands as a stable and prosperous nation. Its thriving industries, such as technology, natural resources, and finance, provide ample employment opportunities.

The country’s sound economic policies and prudent financial regulations have shielded it from the worst impacts of global economic downturns. This stability ensures job security and a promising future for those who choose to build their careers within its borders.

In addition, Canada’s commitment to social welfare is admirable. The Canadian social safety net includes unemployment benefits, affordable housing programs, and support for families and seniors.

This safety net promotes social cohesion and alleviates financial stress during challenging times. Former Canadian Prime Minister, Lester B. Pearson, encapsulated this sentiment: “We are not here to boast; we are here to do a job.” This dedication to serving the needs of its citizens speaks volumes about the nation’s values and priorities.

In conclusion, Canada’s well-deserved reputation for quality living and work is supported by diversity, healthcare, education, nature, stability, and welfare. A prime choice for a fulfilling life, Canada’s allegiance to citizens shines as a global opportunity beacon.

Essay 2: Refugees in Canada: A Path to Hope and Opportunity

Canada, renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and diverse culture, has also gained international recognition for its compassionate approach toward refugees.

The topic of refugees in Canada is one that has sparked both admiration and intrigue. In this essay, we will explore the country’s exceptional stance on refugee resettlement, the impact of refugees on Canadian society, and the role of global leaders in promoting this humanitarian cause.

Canada’s commitment to providing a safe haven for refugees is emblematic of its values and principles. Over the years, the Canadian government has consistently demonstrated its dedication to welcoming those fleeing conflict and persecution. The Canadian refugee resettlement program, which has been praised worldwide, is a testament to the nation’s belief in offering a second chance to those in need.

As former Prime Minister Justin Trudeau aptly stated, “Canada is a country built on immigration, and that diversity only makes us stronger.” These words encapsulate the essence of Canada’s approach to refugees, portraying them not as a burden, but as valuable contributors to the nation’s fabric.

In recent years, Canada has witnessed the profound impact of refugees on its society and economy. Far from being a mere humanitarian gesture, the integration of refugees has enriched Canada culturally, socially, and economically.

According to a study conducted by the Conference Board of Canada, immigrants, including refugees, play a crucial role in fostering innovation and driving economic growth. Their unique experiences and perspectives contribute to a vibrant tapestry of ideas, propelling Canada forward in an increasingly interconnected world.

This sentiment is echoed by entrepreneur and philanthropist, Elon Musk, who remarked, “The value of immigrants to the U.S. economy and to innovation is pretty much unassailable.” This sentiment holds true for Canada as well, as refugees continue to invigorate various sectors and communities across the country.

Furthermore, Canada’s support for refugees extends beyond its borders, signaling its commitment to global solidarity. The nation’s participation in international efforts to address the refugee crisis exemplifies its role as a responsible global citizen.

Former United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, António Guterres, praised Canada for being a “model for other countries,” highlighting its dedication to finding sustainable solutions for displaced populations.

Canada’s engagement in diplomatic initiatives and financial contributions underscores its belief in collective action and the importance of shouldering the responsibility of refugee protection on a global scale.

In conclusion, Canada shines as a beacon of compassion, offering hope and setting a global example with its welcoming approach to refugees. Through sanctuary, positive societal impact, and international engagement, Canada’s inclusivity and humanity stand out. Nobel Laureate Malala Yousafzai’s words remind us of the world-changing power of education. Canada’s embrace of refugees parallels this, providing a new book, a fresh start, and the chance to rewrite life stories. In doing so, Canada not only transforms refugees’ lives but also reshapes its own narrative, rooted in empathy, understanding, and the limitless potential of human resilience.

Essay 3: Multiculturalism In Canada

Multiculturalism, a concept that celebrates diversity and fosters inclusivity, has become a defining feature of modern societies. Canada, often cited as a paragon of multiculturalism, stands as a shining example of how a nation can embrace various cultures while maintaining social cohesion. This essay delves into the significance of multiculturalism in Canada, exploring its historical roots, societal implications, and the lessons it offers to the world.

Canada’s embrace of multiculturalism can be traced back to its history of immigration and settlement. Waves of immigrants from diverse corners of the globe have shaped the nation’s cultural fabric.

The policy of multiculturalism was officially recognized in 1971 when the Canadian government adopted the Multiculturalism Policy of Canada. This policy not only acknowledges the importance of cultural diversity but also promotes equality and social harmony among all citizens, irrespective of their backgrounds.

One of the remarkable aspects of Canada’s multiculturalism is its positive impact on society. Rather than creating isolated enclaves, multiculturalism has encouraged communities to interact, share, and learn from one another.

The result is a rich tapestry of traditions, languages, and perspectives that contribute to the nation’s dynamism. For instance, in cities like Toronto and Vancouver, one can find neighborhoods where Chinese markets coexist with Indian restaurants, creating a fusion of flavors and experiences that reflect the global village we live in.

In the words of former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau, “A society that emphasizes uniformity is one which creates intolerance and hate.” This sentiment underscores the wisdom of embracing multiculturalism.

When individuals are encouraged to express their unique identities, they are more likely to feel valued and respected, reducing the potential for social tensions. The Canadian approach of recognizing and celebrating diverse cultures has led to a society where citizens proudly identify with their heritage while also considering themselves Canadian.

However, multiculturalism is not without its challenges. Striking a balance between preserving cultural traditions and fostering a unified national identity can be intricate. Some critics argue that multicultural policies may inadvertently lead to cultural silos, hindering the assimilation of immigrants into the broader society.

To address this concern, it is crucial to promote activities that facilitate cross-cultural interactions, such as cultural festivals, language exchange programs, and collaborative community initiatives.

Former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan once remarked, “Tolerance, inter-cultural dialogue, and respect for diversity are more essential than ever in a world where peoples are becoming more and more closely interconnected.”

Canada’s commitment to multiculturalism aligns with this sentiment, offering a model for nations grappling with issues of identity and diversity. As countries face the challenges of globalization and increasing cultural intermingling, the Canadian experience underscores the importance of nurturing an environment where individuals from various backgrounds can coexist harmoniously.

In conclusion, Canada’s multiculturalism shines as a beacon of unity in our divided world. Its history, policies, and societal harmony showcase the power of embracing diversity. Canada celebrates differences, inspiring an inclusive global community. Let’s learn from this model and build a world that thrives on understanding and diversity. endeavor to create a global community that thrives on diversity and understanding.

😍 Want to Read More, Explore 👇 This Essays

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Canada vs USA: Compare And Contrast Essay Sample

10 Jul 2019

People both outside and living within North America have the tendency to view the United States and Canada as one uniform region with homogenous cultural and political structures. The ecology of Canada and the US alone, demonstrate a great contrast, with the US having more diverse climates and ecosystems. Ice is a larger part of the Canadian landscape with the permafrost in the northern portion and more temperate climates toward the US-Canada border. The Canadian tundra and the Mojave Desert of the Southwest US receive fairly equitable rainfall but have vastly different temperatures. Mediterranean climates also make up a larger portion of the United States than in Canada. With the ecological differences in mind, it is also essential to point out the societal divergence between the US and Canada.

Canada is considerably larger than the United States, but contains only 1/10th of the population, with Canada housing more than 36 million inhabitants, and the US having a population of more than 325 million. While both countries reflect many of the values of western culture, the differences between the embodiment of these characteristics can be seen as soon as one crosses the border. Overall, the distinctions between

Canada and the United States can be categorized into three spheres: the political sphere, the economic sphere, and the socio-cultural sphere. Political Sphere With the recent political climate in the United States and the controversy surrounding America’s federal government, the political differences between the United States and Canada have become even more apparent, not only in structure but ideology as well. While both countries have a federal system, The United States has 50 states and 14 other territories, while Canada contains 10 provinces and 3 other territories. As Canada continues to be a nation under the Commonwealth the head of state is currently Queen Elizabeth or the monarchy. The prime minister of Canada, currently Justin Trudeau the 23rd Prime Minister, is the elected head of the federal government and acts as both the chief executive and a leader in the legislative branch. (Hardwick, Shelley & Holtgrieve, 2013).

One may say the separation of powers is of greater importance to US political ideology with the President of the United States being the head of the Executive Branch soley. While the president does have veto power as a check on Congress, he is often criticized when he steps out of his predetermined role in the executive branch and further into the legislative sphere. The process through which the head of government is elected is also somewhat different from each country demonstrating forms of democracy but different party systems.

There are a plethora of pros and cons to the US two-party system. While it makes for more concise politics, the divisive Republican and Democratic parties experience a large amount of gridlock because of the vast political chasm. Canada, on the other hand between four and five parties in the legislative body and even more than lobby for certain initiatives. In this system, voters are even more strongly tied to their party than specific politicians. However, because party leaders gain power through plurality and not an absolute majority like the United States, coalition building is a major part of the legislative process, making compromises more representative of the public’s opinion.

Canada and the United States political ideologies contrast with greater emphasis on different portions of governmental influence. While the precepts of democracy are still evident in both systems, and political freedom is a great source of pride for citizens in each nation, that sense of freedom seems to be founded in diverging practices. A laissez-faire attitude toward economic and political control is more prevalent in the US, with many citizens seeing that their personal freedom begins at the ends or limits of federal government. This can foster greater distrust and resentment toward national government, particularly when the opposing party has a greater disbursement of power. On the other hand, Canadians, on average, demonstrate greater trust in government, relying more on government services, namely healthcare. This leads into the distribution of federal funds. In the US, a larger amount of federal taxes go toward the department of defense and there is an overall greater emphasis on military power while in Canada a greater amount of federal funds are allocated toward socialized healthcare.

According to the Central Intelligence Agency’s World Factbook, in 2016 3.29% of the United States’ gross domestic product was allocated to military expenditures while 0.99% of Canada’s GDP went toward spending on defense programs. ("The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency", 2018) These differences in spending speak to the greater power wielded by the United States in world affairs, with the US having a permanent membership in the United Nations and NATO. Institutionalized violence is another topic of controversy between the United States and Canada. Canada has, in general, established stricter gun laws than the US. With the prevalence of mass shootings in both countries, gun laws have come to the forefront of the news and public policy. “Handguns accounted for 21 per cent of the total homicides [in 2016], and 58 percent of the shooting homicides. In the United States, by comparison, the report notes there were 7,105 homicides committed with a handgun in 2016, accounting for 47 percent of all homicides south of the border that year.” (Fletcher, 2018) Americans stress the protection of the 2nd Amendment of the Constitution, and often describe the United States’ more lenient gun laws as a source of liberty. Another example of the way institutionalized violence differs is with capital punishment.

Canada has abolished the death penalty for all crimes, including capital offenses, while in 30 of the 50 state there exist valid death penalty statutes. Finally one of the greatest contrast between the two countries is their differing ideologies surrounding immigration. Canada is recognized for its very open immigration policies. Canada’s largest immigrant populations come from Asian countries, while in the US, Asians make up a large portion of those immigrating, but the largest percentage is those from Latin America. It is interesting that going forward with immigration policy the US is known as the ‘melting pot’ while Canada calls itself a ‘mosaic’ Economic Sphere The differences between the US and Canada are most apparent when comparing their economies and capital. According to the World Bank’s 2017 report, the United States has a higher gross domestic product per capita at $59,531.7, while Canada’s is $45,032, and the exchange rate between currencies in s about $1.30 of Canadian dollars for every US dollar. ("GDP per capita (current US$) | Data", 2018; "Convert US Dollars to Canadian Dollars - Exchange Rates", 2018).

At first glance, one may say that the US economy and standard of living is higher but in taking a closer look there are pros and cons to each country's economic status. Canada supports a much less diverse economy from oil and lumber, while US is a manufacturing powerhouse, and in spite of growing similar grain-based crops, 44% of the land in the US is viable for agriculture whereas in Canada it's only about 7%. The US exports $1.4 trillion goods. Canada’s imports and exports are fairly equitable while US imports way more than it exports. Canada has a higher unemployment rate, but the US has higher rate of people living under the poverty line. As is evident in many of these statistics, both countries’ economies exemplify strengths and weaknesses.

Now looking at the markets and labor forces in Canada and the US, we observe that there are distinguishing factors of each country. This is particularly true in e-commerce and internet laws in Canada. Because of heavy licensing restrictions, Canada does not allow Spotify or Pandora, and has a very limited selection of programs on Netflix. E-commerce, in general, is less developed, with few stores even offering websites for online shopping, and Canadian Amazon holding a more limited selection of items. The US, on the other hand, has an ever-growing online economy. “During an April 2017 survey, 40 percent of internet users in the United States stated that they purchased items online at several times per month, and 20 percent said they bought items or services online on a weekly basis.” (Facts, 2018) As far as the labor force is concerned, Americans are known for working longer and later than Canadians. In the US, the average workweek is 47 hours and in Canada the workweek is 36-40 hours and at the minimum 2 weeks of paid vacation.

Canadian women in the workforce receive at least 15 weeks of paid maternity leave mandated by the government. In the United States many states mandate vacation time and maternity leave but don’t require that this time be paid and, in some cases, don’t require this time at all. As mentioned previously, socialized healthcare is a major distinguishing factor that sets Canada apart from the United States. The Healthcare Act of 1984 aimed to ensure that all residents of Canada have access to necessary hospital and physician services based on five principles: universality, portability, public administration, accessibility, and comprehensiveness. ("The Canada Health Act", 2018). Canadians do still have to pay for things like prescription drugs, home care, and prescription eyeglasses.

Canadians also live an average of 2 years longer than Americans, with average life expectancy for Canadian women at 82.3 years and 79.3 years for men. American women, on average live to be 80.8 years and 75.6 years for men. While there are many compounding factors that could contribute to this, like lower levels of obesity, or increased physical activity, socialized healthcare has been reported to be a contributing factor in the longer life span. Sociocultural Sphere Lastly, the sociocultural sphere can be used to contrast the United States and Canada, with differing traditions, dialects and colloquialisms, and subtle cultural nuances.

A nation’s overall culture can be broken up into many subcategories, but the following will discuss how language, and cultural celebrations and traditions distinguish Canada from the United state. First, Language is one of the most infamous ways Canadians and Americans claim they can tell each other apart. While the majority of each population speak English, the second most popular languages in each country are distinct and point to different colonial and immigration histories. The US technically does not have an official language, however in every state majority of government sponsored programs use English. Depending on the area of the US one is in effects the other languages that are present. For example, in Clark County, Nevada, (where Las Vegas is located) voter ballots are available in English, Spanish and Tagalog because Las Vegas contains large populations of Hispanic and Filipino residents. For the most part, Spanish appears to be a common second language with the high volume of immigrants from Latin America. In Canada on the other hand, English and French are both official languages, representative of the colonial background of Canada, as well as the federal government's relationship with the province of Quebec. Along with the languages spoken, come the differences in dialects, accents and slang relative to the English spoken in each country. Canada use different spelling for words that contain an ‘or’ sound: colour, favourite, labour.

The second cultural facet that distinguishes Canada and the US are the celebrations and traditions. Thanksgiving in Canada occurs on the second Monday of October however, most people celebrate it on Sunday and take the Monday off school and work. The holiday celebrates the harvests and blessings of the past year and is celebrate earlier because of Canada’s shorter growing season and earlier harvest. American Thanksgiving it is the fourth Thursday in November and celebrates the harvest and the legend of “peace between pilgrims and Native peoples”. Another interesting facet of national celebration is that Canada Day and US Independence Day are only three days apart (July 1st to July 4th) and are both celebrated with traditions like barbeques, parades, and fireworks. (Youtube, 2018).

Food is an essential tenet of not only celebrations but life in general. While the food in both countries is fairly similar accounting for a few distinct delicacies like all-dressed chips, and poutine in Canada, there is one major difference between the US and Canada-- the legal drinking age. In Canada, the drinking age is determined by the local government, with legal age being 19 in the majority of the country, but in Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec young adults can start drinking at 18. In America, the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 and is a federal policy that establishes 21 as the legal age. (Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, 2018). In short, Canada and the United States, while they have a long history of peace, are distinct in government, economy, and culture.

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             Culture is a broad term that describes customs, traditions, institutions and all other human proceedings together considered as being characteristic of a particular community, people or nation. Things such as media, other neighbouring cultures and time can influence and even change a culture.              There is no single culture found in Canada. Instead there are many cultures each equally important and valued, all united to form this great country. Each separate culture is unique and defined although it is part of a whole. Values and ways of life are extracted from each culture and adopted by others, but each culture still remains distinct.              Canada was not always a multicultural country. Canada's first culture was that of the Aboriginals who lived here for hundreds of years before the Europeans discovered Canada. This native culture was greatly influenced by the French Canadians, the first permanent European settlers. However, the greatest influence on Canadian culture came from Britain. British culture was the institutionalized in Canada for many years. British dominated nationality came to an end when other immigrants inhabited Canada and their cultures remained distinct, yet influenced and respected each other.              Multiculturalism is an important part of Canada and is displayed to great extent. Most cities and towns hold festivals celebrating the individual cultures that make up Canada. Festivals such as these can be found here in Saskatoon, and excellent example would be Folkfest. Folkfest gives different cultures that make up Saskatoon a chance to display their customs such as dance and cuisine, and heritage. Each separate culture teaches its customs but is still a part of the entire festival. Cultural displays such as this give fellow Canadians a chance to learn about each other's heritage.              The Canadian government realizes the importance of each culture maintaining its distinctiveness. It has              ...

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