bibliography for drug presentation

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Drug Resources

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Resources like Lexicomp, Micromedex, CPS, etc.

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NLM Style: Official Title "Citing Medicine"

Citing preprints, nlm style - note about authors, citing drug monographs & ebp resources, citations on presentation slides, additional citation templates.

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Pharmacy Librarian

NLM is the official citation style for the Wegman's School of Pharmacy. 

• Citing Medicine, 2nd Edition This is the link to the official Citing Medicine Manual. This is the html version that is navigable with hyperlinks.
• Citing Medicine - ebook Download This is the link to the pdf ebook of Citing Medicine. If you are accessing this manual from you ipad, you can save it files, to the Book app or to the Notability app.
• Finding Journal Title Abbreviations If you don't know the appropriate abbreviation for a journal title, search the NLM catalog.
• Abbreviated List of NLM Citations This list contains commonly used citations in the Wegmans School of Pharmacy.
• NLM Content Updates A listing of any updates to the Citing Medicine Manual. For example, the 2020 updates for Paper or Poster for a cancelled conference.
• In-Text Citations - National Library of Medicine Style This guide from the Medical University of South Carolina Libraries describes the three different methods for in-text citations in NLM Citation style.
• Citing Medicine - Chapter 14 C.1. Preprints Directions on how to cite preprints in NLM Style

The Citing Medicine Manual has several comments about how many authors to list in a citation. Officially NLM asks for all authors to be listed, and citations automatically generated from PubMed follow this rule.  However, there are other acceptable options.

Chapter 1 Journals, Box 9 Options for Author Names.  

If space is a consideration, the number of authors may be limited to a specific number, such as the first three authors or first six authors. Follow the last named author by a comma and "et al." or "and others."

Rastan S, Hough T, Kierman A, et al.

Adler DG, Baron TH, Davila RE, Egan J, Hirota WK, Leighton JA, and others.

• NLM Chapter 1 Journals Box 9
• NLM Journal Article with many Authors
• NLM Journal Article with Optional Limit to Number of Articles

These templates have been created by Lavery Library at St. John Fisher University in order to address citations for drug monographs and evidence-based practice source entries.  They have been approved by the Wegman's School of Pharmacy for use. 

Omeprazole. [updated 2016 Dec 9; cited 2016 Dec 20]. In: Lexi-Drugs. Lexicomp Online [Internet]. Available from http://online.lexi.com  

Omeprazole. [updated 2017 Mar 8; cited 2017 Mar 9]. In: Pediatric and Neonatal Lexi-Drugs. LexiComp Online [Internet]. Available from http://online.lexi.com 

Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. [updated 2016 Apr 25; cited 2017 Jan 13]. In: Lexi-Drugs [Internet]. Lexicomp Online. Available from http://online.lexi.com

* The updated date is available next to the entry name on the result list in italics. 

Omeprazole and Tylenol. [cited 2020 Nov 13]. In: Interactions.  LexiComp Online [Internet]. Available from http:/online.lexi.com

With no author: Omeprazole.[updated 2017 Jan 6; cited 2017 Jan 13]. In: DynaMed Plus [Internet]. Available from http://dynamed.com 

With author: Use Topic Editor(s) as Author(s). Chisholm A, Siegal Peiser B. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). [updated 2016 Oct 20; cited 2017 Jan 13]. In: DynaMed Plus [Internet]. Available from http://www.dynamed.com

With no Author: Omeprazole: Drug information. [cited 2017 Mar 8]. In: UpToDate [Internet]. Available from http://www.uptodate.com

With Author: Coustan DR. Gestational diabetes mellitus: Glycemic control and maternal prognosis. [updated 2017 Feb 20; cited 2017 Mar 8].  In: UpToDate [Internet].  Available from http://www.uptodate.com 

Omeprazole. [updated 2017 Jan 11; cited 2017 Jan 13]. In: Micromedex Solutions [Internet]. Available from http://www.micromedexsolutions.com * Scroll to the end of the Full Text entry in order to find the updated date or after the references.  

NLM does not have specific directions on how to cite your references on each slide of a presentation. Please check with your professors on their specific requirements. Continue to use NLM for the full references at the end of the presentation.

Other options include a concise citation on each slide and a full reference at the end of the presentation.  See examples below. 

Author, Year, Page(s)

DiPiro, 2017, Chapter 32

Author, Journal. Year;Volume(Issue):Page(s)

Betses M et al. NEJM. 2013;369:989-991

Cancelled Conferences

Chapter 3: Conference Publications, Part B, Conference Papers - Examples of Citations: New example at 16.

Paper for a Cancelled Conference:

Joubert, D. J. (2020, May 10-15). Best Practices for Dealing with Biomedical Data [Conference session canceled]. 12th Annual Congress of Data Scientist, Paris, France.

Chapter 12: Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings, Examples of Citations: New example at 18.

Paper/Poster for a Cancelled Conference:

Package Inserts

Tasimelteon [package insert]. Washington, DC: VANDA Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 2014. 

Stiolto Respimat [package insert]. Ridgefield, CT: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2015. Accessed January 3, 2019. https://docs.boehringer-ingelheim.com/Prescribing%20Informa tion/PIs/Stiolto%20Respimat/stiolto.pdf

(As evidenced by current publications in Journal of Pharmacy Practice).

Book Chapter. Authors are different from editors. 

These are considered Contributions to a book in NLM Style.  Access Pharmacy titles would follow this pattern.

11. Contributed chapter with an optional chapter number instead of pagination

Simon D, Boring JR 3rd. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical methods: the history, physical, and laboratory examinations. Stoneham (MA): Butterworth Publishers; c1990. Chapter 6. 

Whiteside TL, Heberman RB. Effectors of immunity and rationale for immunotherapy. In: Kufe DW, Pollock RE, Weichselbaum RR, Bast RC Jr, Gansler TS, Holland JF, Frei E 3rd, editors. Cancer medicine 6. 6th ed. Hamilton (ON): BC Decker Inc; 2003. Chapter 14. 

• Introduction to Citing Contributions to Books
• Citing Chapter Numbers instead of Pagination
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Pharmacy: Citation Format & Reference Sources

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School of Pharmacy Reference

• School of Pharmacy Reference Style Guide

General Reference Material

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Pharmacy Residents: Citing, Presenting, and Writing

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Find images and videos

• Multimedia Resources (in the Health Sciences) Guide Find videos, audio clips, images, and cases to use in education.

As part of their education, residents will create handouts, cases, and presentations for use in Pharm D courses. These materials should use AMA style for references. Determining what information needs to be cited can be challenging. Explore the content in this guide (the few guidelines below, books and videos linked), reflect upon the use of citations in assignments you received in Pharm D education, or discuss your specific situation with course faculty, residency supervisors  or the library to ensure you strike the right balance between citing and expressing your view clearly.

Guidelines for citing.

- Data, facts, ideas and opinions taken from another source, whether paraphrased, summarized, or quoted, need to be cited. You may be citing articles, books, drug monographs, websites, and other types of materials-- if you took the information from somewhere else, cite it.

- Common knowledge does not need to be cited. Unfortunately, "common knowledge" changes from field to field, so it is difficult to make a single list of common knowledge. As a test to help you assess "common knowledge," pretend that the information you are considering citing is used as a headline in a pharmacy professional newsletter. If your reaction to this headline is, "That doesn't deserve to be a headline-- it's not very new or novel or interesting," you may have found common knowledge. However, as an educator, you are trying to communicate with students who have a different body of knowledge than you do, so you still may find that it is beneficial to cite things you consider common knowledge to aid students in finding relevant additional readings.

• AMA 11th ed Style Guide Guide for citing references using the American Medical Association Citation style.
• USC Libraries Tutorials Browse all these tutorials to find help on citing, avoiding plagiarism, and using numbered reference styles, in addition to other library topics.

Writing, Research, and Style Guides

The library owns many other guides on writing, formatting styles, and research. Search the Health Sciences Libraries Catalog or talk to a librarian to find additional titles.

• Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) This link opens in a new window Provides tutorials and help with research, writing, and citation styles. Provides help on using frequently-used citation styles, especially MLA and APA.
• From Research to Manuscript: A guide to scientific writing by Michael Jay Katz

• Preparing and Delivering Scientific Presentations: A Complete Guide for International Medical Scientists by John Giba This book's focus is on presenting in a second language, but also contains some great tips for presentations in general.

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APA Style Guides

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• APA Poster Purdue University OWL
• APA Format for an Annotated Bibliography Cornell University
• APA Format for an Annotated Bibliography Taft College
• APA Documentation University of Wisconsin

At Leatherby Libraries

• APA Publication Manual 7th ed ISBN: 9781433832154
• In-Text Citations
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I n-Text (Parenthetical) Citation Basics

When you paraphrase or directly quote another author’s work in your paper, APA format requires the use of in-text citations, also called parenthetical citations. These citations include the author’s last name and the year of publication for the source, e.g. (Smith, 2008). When using a direct quotation, the page number is also included (preceded by “p.”), as in the following examples.

Direct quotation with author’s name as part of the narrative:

According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).

Direct quotation with parenthetical citation:

Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199).

Paraphrase or summary of information from another author:

 APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998).

When citing multiple authors

Any reference with more than three authors can now be shortened to the first author followed by et al.

Two authors: Giving credit to another author's work by citing the text is an essential part in writing papers (Johnson and Williams, 2009).

Three or more authors: The humanities has a positive effect on well-being of individuals, communities, and societies (Vaziri et al. 2018).

Reference List Basics

Each source you cite in your paper must be included in your reference list. The reference list should begin on a new page at the end of your essay; label the page “References” in bold and centered at the top of the page.

Basic  guidelines :  

• Double-space   (Please note: all examples shown here are single spaced – be sure to double-space your list!)  
• Use a hanging indent  ​ (the first line of each reference entry is flush left and subsequent lines are indented by 0.5 in ch)  
• Authors’ names are inverted (last name, initials)   
• Entries are  alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work  
• For a work with more than 20 authors, include up to 20 names only  

It  might  be easier to think that  a  reference entry answers the following questions:  

Who   When   What   Where

Following are examples of the basic citation formats for books, for articles in periodicals, and for websites. To see more examples of citations for different types of resources, you can consult the APA style manual or one of the web resources listed in this guide.

Author, A. A. (Year of publication).  Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle . Publisher.

Young, M. A. (1970).  Buttons are to push: Developing your child’s creativity. Pitman.  

Book Chapters

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.),  Title of book  (pp. pages of chapter). Publisher.

Pincus, D., & Guastello, S. J. (2013). Complexity science in the future of behavioral medicine. In J. P. Sturmberg & C. Martin (Eds.),  Handbook of systems and complexity in health  (pp. 889-909). Springer.  

Author, A. A. (Year of publication).  Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle . Publisher. http://www.publisherhomepageurl

Cain, S. (2012).  Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can't stop talking. Broadway Books. 

If the e-book is from an academic research database, cite it like the printed version. Include the DOI link if available.  

Scholarly Journal Articles

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article.  Title of Periodical, volume number (issue number), page numbers or Article number. DOI or URL link if available.

Janzen, L. A. (2010). The evolution of clinical child neuropsychology.  The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 24 (2), 358-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854040903381420

Sakai, C., Ishida, M., Ohba, H., Yamashita, H., Uchida, H., Yoshizumi, M., & Ishida, T. (2017). Fish oil omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in vascular endothelial cells. PLoS ONE, 12 (11), Article e0187934. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187934

M a g a z i n e Articles

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Date). Title of article.  Title of Magazine, volume   number (issue number), pages.

Kluger, J. (2007, January 18). The new map of the brain.  Time, 169 (5), 56.  

Website Pages

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication).  Title of document . Name of Website. http://Web address

American Heart Association. (n.d.). Nutrition basics . https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/nutrition-basics

* The examples shown above are single-spaced. Be sure to  double-space   your list  and use  a hanging indent  (the first line of each reference entry is flush left and subsequent lines are indented by 0.5 inch).  

APA Style 7th

The APA has provided a handy handout to show us how to format a paper in APA Style.

Sample Student Paper

Reproduced with permission from  https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf . Copyright © 2020 American Psychological Association. 

More information about the APA Style 7th is available on the APA Websites.

The  Purdue Online Writing Lab  provides a comprehensive formatting and style guide for APA format, including examples of citations for books, articles, electronic resources and other non-print sources.

Sample student paper

Purdue OWL also provides a  sample student paper  written in APA format.

Print Resources for APA Style

In addition to these web resources, the library has two print editions of the  Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7 t h  E d .  available at the Reference Desk (BF76.7 .P83 2020) and the 2nd Floor Social Science Library (BF76.7 .P83 2020 c.2). Both copies are library use only.

Finding a DOI

When creating a reference list with APA 7th editon, you will have to add the DOI, or digital object identifier, to the citation.

This article was found on the library's database. You can find the DOI number on the abstract page.

You can turn any DOI into a URL by adding https://doi.org/ before the DOI. For example this article has the DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6563.2007.00196.x and would be written as a hyperlink: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2007.00196.x

Here is the full citation:

Szasz, F. M., & Takechi, I. (2007). Atomic Heroes and Atomic Monsters: American and Japanese Cartoonists Confront the Onset of the Nuclear Age, 1945-80. Historian , 69 (4), 728–752. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2007.00196.x

Some articles might have the DOI displayed on the the article page as shown below:

If you are reading a PDF of an article, the DOI may be found on the top or bottom of the page. See the example below:

Keep in mind that not every article will have a DOI assigned to them. For works without DOIs from academic research databases, do not attach a URL. Instead, cite the work the same as the printed version.

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Shiffman - pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences guide.

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• Reference Guide Using AMA (Purdue) This guide provides a standardized AMA citation format for pharmacy students to use throughout the professional program.

APA Style (7th Edition)

• Cite Your Source in APA (Purdue OWL) This guide introduces APA format and style (7th ed) including samples for a variety of sources and an automatic citing tool .
• How To Cite References Using APA Style This guide assembled a core collection of resources available through the Wayne State University Library System, as well as high quality, freely available web resources.
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Citation Management Apps

• Citation Management Compare [Handout] This provides a comparison of EndNote Desktop, EndNote Online, Zotero and RefWorks citation management applications

Zotero Citation Manager (Beginner Level)

Zotero is a free app that lets you create and save a library of your sources, take notes, and use those sources with Word, Google Docs, or LibreOffice to integrate the citations in your paper and create a properly formatted bibliography. Recommended for Undergraduates and all levels of students in the Social Sciences or Humanities. You need to have your own personal computer in order to use the word processor integration to create bibliographies

• Learn more about Zotero

RefWorks Citation Manager (Beginner Level)

RefWorks is a cloud-based licensed citation management app available free to all Wayne State students, faculty, and staff. It can collect citations from databases and Google Scholar, format bibliographies in lots of citations styles, and works with Word and Google Docs to insert citations and build reference lists as you write. Recommended for Undergraduates. RefWorks is also a good option if you work on lots of group research projects, or use public computers and need a cloud-based option.

• Learn more about RefWorks

EndNote Citation Manager (Advanced Level)

EndNote citation management software is licensed software available for purchase (at a significantly discounted rate) by all Wayne State students, faculty and staff. It can format bibliographic entries in almost every citation style and works with most word processors to insert citations and build reference lists as you write. Citation information can be entered manually or export directly from the library's online databases. Recommended for Graduate Students in the Sciences or Engineering.

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In-text citation

Reference list.

• Artificial intelligence
• Audiovisual
• Books and chapters
• Conferences
• Course materials
• Government and business reports

Medicine and health sources

• Music scores
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• Print this page
• Other styles AGLC4 APA 7th Chicago 17th (A) Notes Chicago 17th (B) Author-Date Harvard MLA 9th Vancouver
• Referencing home

Evidence summaries/Point of care tools

(Author’s surname, Year)

(Publisher, Year)

(Malkani, 2018)

(Therapeutic guidelines, 2019)

• Go to  Getting started >  In-text citation  to view other examples such as multiple authors.

Author, A. A. (Copyright year). Article name.  Name of database . Retrieved Month DD, YYYY, from https://doi.org/xxxx or https://xxxxx

Entry with no editor or author

Article name. (Copyright year).  Name of database.  Retrieved Month DD, YYYY, from https://doi.org/xxxx or https://xxxxx

Dynamed plus

Malkani, S. (Ed.). (2018). Diabetes mellitus type 1.  DynaMed Plus . Retrieved January 13, 2021, from  https://www.dynamed.com/condition/diabetes-mellitus-type-1-39  

Egan, B. M. (2020). Patient adherence and the treatment of hypertension.  UpToDate . Retrieved January 13, 2021, from  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/patient-adherence-and-the-treatment-of-hypertension

Malek, R., & Soufi, S. (2023). Pulmonary Edema. StatPearls . Retrieved April 18, 2024, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557611/

BMJ Best Practice

Hueston, W. J. (2020). Acute bronchitis.  BMJ Best Practice . Retrieved January 13, 2021, from  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/135

JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute)

Johnston, S. (2019). Gestational diabetes: Antenatal care.  Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice Database . Retrieved November 4, 2020, from  https://joannabriggs.org/ebp#database

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Jefferson, T., Del Mar, C., Dooley, L., Ferroni, E., Al-Ansary, L., Bawazeer, G., van Driel, M., Nair, S., Jones, M., Thorning, S., & Conly, J. (2020). Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , (4).  https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub4

DSM5 (diagnostic manual)

American Psychiatric Association. (2013).  Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders  (5th ed.).  https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

DSM5 (diagnostic manual) chapter or section

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder. In  Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders  (5th ed.).  https://doi.org/10.1176/appi. books.9780890425596 .

eTG (Electronic Therapeutic Guidelines)

Therapeutic guidelines. (2019).  Gastro-oesophageal reflux . eTG complete.  https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/

Where there is a DOI - treat it as an article and just use year.

Where there is no DOI then use the retrieved date as work will change over time.

Medicine/Drug information (database)

(“Entry title”, Year)

(“Codeine,” 2021).

Name of drug. (YYYY). In  database . Retrieved Month DD, YYYY, from URL

Entry in a print drug guide

Article name. (Copyright year). In A. A. Editor (Ed.),  Title of work  (xx ed., ​​pp.xxx-xxx). Publisher.

Calciprox. (2021). In  AusDI . Retrieved March 17, 2021, from  https://www.ausdi.com/

AMH (Australian Medicines Handbook)

Codeine. (2021). In  Australian medicines handbook . Retrieved March 17, 2021, from  https://amhonline.amh.net.au/auth

APF (Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary)  Note: print resource

Smoking cessation. (2021). In L. N. Sansom (Ed.),  Australian pharmaceutical formulary and handbook: A guide to best practice  (25th ed., pp.167-171). Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.

Lanoxin. (2019). In  MIMS online . Retrieved September 11, 2020, from  https://www.mimsonline.com.au

Double quotation marks are included for the title in in-text citation when the title is not italicised in reference list eg. article title, chapter title.

Medicine/Drug interactions (electronic)

(“Entry title one, Entry title two”, Year)

(“Paracetamol, Warfarin sodium,” 2021).

Name of drug A, Name of drug B. (YYYY). In  database . Retrieved Month DD, YYYY, from URL

Micromedex (drug interactions)

Acetaminophen, Warfarin. (2021). In  Micromedex . Retrieved January 27, 2021, from  https//www.micromedexsolutions.com  

MIMS online (drug interactions)

Paracetamol, Warfarin sodium. (2021). In  MIMS online . Retrieved January 27, 2021, from  https://www.mimsonline.com.au

PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)

(First author’s surname et al., Year)

...(Page et al., 2021).

Page et al. (2021)...

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S., . . . Author, Z. Z. (year of publication). Title of article. Journal Title, volume number (issue number), page–page. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Aki, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S.,...Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. PLOS Medicine,18 (3), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003583

When referring to the PRISMA, it is recommended to use journal article citations rather than referring to the PRISMA website.

When an article has 21 or more authors, type the first 19 authors' names followed by an ellipsis ( . . .) then the last author's name

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How to cite using AMA in the health sciences: UpToDate Lexidrug (formerly Lexicomp; drug or topic)

• Getting started
• Step 1: When to cite
• Step 2: Citing items in-text
• Book - chapter
• Book - edited
• Book - whole
• ClinicalKey (topics)
• Compounding Today
• CPS (drug or topic)
• Dissertation / thesis
• Emails or conversations
• Journal article - online (DOI)
• Journal article - online (URL only)
• Journal article - pre-print
• Journal article - print journal
• UpToDate Lexidrug (formerly Lexicomp; drug or topic)
• Merck Index Online
• Newspaper article
• Online image
• Online report
• Presentations or lectures
• Social media (Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, etc)
• UpToDate (topic)
• YouTube video
• Formatting tips
• Visual presentation of data

Format, example and tips - UpToDate LexiDrug (formerly Lexicomp)

Drug Monograph - elements to include and formatting

Drug Name. In: Specific database title . Publisher. Publication date (if available). Updated date. Accessed date. URL (no period after the URL)

Drug Monograph - Examples

• Entanercept. In: Lexi-Drugs . UpToDate Inc; 2024.  Updated April 15, 2024. Accessed April 16, 2024. http://online.lexi.com 
• Aspirin. In: Sweetman, SC, ed. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference . UpToDate Inc; 2021. Updated December 15, 2021. Accessed December 20, 2021. http://online.lexi.com 

Topic - Example

• Risk factors for COPD. In: Patient Education – Disease and Procedure . UpToDate Inc; 2021. Updated February 3, 2022. Accessed September 2, 2022. http://online.lexi.com 
• Lexicomp, MicroMedex, and CPS follow the same format for drug monographs.
• Specific database title should be in italics.
• You can obtain the “Updated date” information from the Lexicomp results page. Drug update information comes after each link to a drug in the Lexicomp results page.
• The specific database title can be found on the Lexicomp results page.  It's in bold above each link to the drug.

Questions about the AMA Manual of Style? 

Contact the librarians at the NJM Health Sciences Library [email protected] 200 level, Brodie Centre

The content and design of this page was copied and adapted from the guide " AMA Style: the Basics for Pharmacy Writing " written and developed by Caitlin Carter, University of Waterloo Library.

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*1.  Introduction to the Monograph Assignment

Objective for Chapters 1-3.  Students will understand the guidelines for the monograph assignment and how the various small, week 1 assignments contribute to this major assignment.

As you have already learned, the monograph assignment is one of this course’s two major assignments. You will submit a written drug monograph and present the monograph information orally.

Instructor grading assignment:

• Dr. Podany will grade the content of your written monograph (45 points) and your oral monograph presentation (50 points).
• Dr. Schmidt will grade the in-text citations and reference list in your written monograph (5 points).

Monograph Assignment (MA) guidelines

The “ Monograph Assignment Preparation ” guidelines are available in a couple of locations:

• in the next chapter  

Canvas –> “PHPR 562” –> “Course Documents”–> “Monograph Assignment” folder

The guidelines document includes all the due dates, formatting requirements, suggested sections, etc.

Steps Toward Completion of Monograph Assignment

1) Select and claim a topic today ( MA1 assignment) by following steps a-h below .  You may want to do this now.

•  Go to  Canvas and open the materials for this course.
• Scroll down to the “Week 1” materials
• Click on the “ MA1 assignment. “
• Review the drugs listed in the table on the MA1 assignment page.
• Click the “Edit” button.
• Type your name in the second column directly across from the drug you wish to use as the topic for your monograph assignment.  If the drug you would like to use as your topic doesn’t appear in the list,  type the generic name of the drug (first column) and your name (second column) in the “student entered drugs” section under the other drugs with the same first letter.

Keep in mind that it is usually easier to write a monograph about a single drug preparation (e.g. codeine) rather than a multi-drug preparation (e.g. acetaminophen with codeine).

• Click the “Save” button.
• Check the list to be sure your name appears next to the drug you wish to claim.  If students try to claim the same drug simultaneously, one claimant’s name may be lost.  If you have problems contact Cindy ([email protected], 402-650-5056)
• After you confirm that your name is present in the edited and saved list, enter the name of the drug you have chosen in MA1 assignment part b.  (This is a safeguard in case a student deletes the entire table by mistake.  This may seem unlikely, but something similar did happen a couple years ago.)

2). Prepare to cite your sources using AMA 11th style.

• You will learn the basics of AMA 11th cstyle later this week when you read chapter 3.
• Also later this week, you will learn an approach to simplifying in-text citation and bibliography production when you work on the MA3 assignment and tutorial.   The tutorial will show you how to use Zotero, a freely available citation management program, to format in-text citations and reference lists.  You do not have to use Zotero to format the in-text citations and references in your final written monograph assignment, but most students find it easier to do so.  You will write longer papers during the course of your education.  Zotero will be even more useful then.

3) You will select three resources to use as sources of the information that you will later summarize in your monograph.

a.  A monograph from one of the standard, online, drug information resources listed below:

• Clinical Pharmacology
• Martindale’s: The Complete Drug Reference

  Later this week, you will complete the MA2 assignment and tutorial which will help you find the needed citation information.  

b.  An online package insert (online PPI) from Daily Med.

A portion of the MA3/Zotero tutorial that you will complete later this week will help you find the needed citation information.

c.  A journal article

Again, a portion of the MA3/Zotero tutorial that you will complete later this week will help you find the needed citation information.

4). Write a one-page summary of the most vital information concerning your drug.  Keep track of the sources used as the basis for each statement.   Follow assignment guidelines and review the  correctly formatted sample assignment.  It’s worth emphasizing a couple aspects of the format here:

• The monograph text should not be more than 1 page in length.  (font size 11 or higher, single-spaced).  You may find confining your monograph to one page to be the most difficult aspect of the assignment.
• The reference list may be on a second page.  In fact, if your reference list does not extend onto a second page, you are probably short-changing the coverage of your drug.
• Drug name (generic and trade names),
• Chemical structure,
• Physicochemical properties,
• Biopharmaceutical properties,
• Pharmacokinetics,
• Pharmacological properties,
• Other drugs in same class
• Therapeutic use(s)
• Important drug-drug interactions
• Adverse effects (Most frequent or important AEs only)
• Precautions and/or contraindications
• Doses, Dosage forms and routes of administration
• Patient Counseling

You may not have enough space to include all of these sections.  Also, to save space, you may wish to combine two sections that flow together logically.

5). Either insert AMA 11th style in-text citations , with or without using Zotero.

6). Add your AMA 11th style bibliography, with or without using Zotero.

7).  You may ask Cindy (Dr. Schmidt) to check your in-text citations and bibliography if you get the document to Cindy on or before Thursday, October 27th at midnight.

8).  Submit your written drug monograph through Canvas before midnight on Friday, October 28th.

9).   Submit 5 multiple choice questions concerning your monograph drug through Canvas before  midnight, Friday October 28th.  Dr. Podany will use some of your questions on the quiz given the week following your oral presentation .

10). Present your findings in a 15 minute presentation.  Presentations will begin on Monday, Oct 31.  An announcement will be posted in Canvas when the schedule of oral presentations is available.

You will get tips on preparing your presentation later this week when you listen to Dr. Podany’ “Scientific Presentation Skills” video ( included in chapter 8) .

Questions, Problems, Text Errors?

Before you leave, …

• Do you have any questions or do you feel that clarification of some aspect of the materials would be helpful?
• Have you noticed any errors or problems with course materials that you’d like to report?
• Do you have any other comments?

If so, you can submit questions, comments, corrections, and concerns anonymously — or with your e-mail (your choice) — through this online form .  Alternatively, you’re always welcome to contact Cindy Schmidt directly 402-650-5056, [email protected], or by making an appointment to meet with Cindy via Zoom.

Answers to questions or requests for clarification that are submitted anonymously will be answered in Canvas on the “Discussions” page for this course.

Introduction to Drug Information Copyright © by Cynthia M. Schmidt is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007-.

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition.

Chapter 2 books.

Created: October 10, 2007 ; Last Update: August 11, 2015 .

A. Entire Books

• Sample Citation and Introduction
• Citation Rules with Examples

B. Individual Volumes of Books

(1) Individual Volumes With a Separate Title but Without Separate Authors/Editors

(2) Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors

C. Parts of Books

D. Contributions to Books

Chapter 11B Forthcoming Books

Chapter 15 Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats

Chapter 18 Books and Other Individual Titles on CD-ROM, DVD, or Disk

Chapter 22 Books and Other Individual Titles on the Internet

• A. Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Entire Books

The general format for a reference to a book, including punctuation:

• Examples of Citations to Entire Books

A book is a publication that is complete in one volume or a limited number of volumes; books are therefore often called monographs. Textbooks, technical reports, conference proceedings, master's theses and dissertations, bibliographies, and patents are all examples of monographs. This chapter focuses on the standard book and textbook. Because technical reports and other specific types of monographs have additional special features, they are treated in their own chapters.

References to books in print or in microform (microfilm, microfiche) are included in this chapter. For references to books in audiovisual format, see Chapter 15 ; in electronic form, see Chapter 18 and Chapter 22 .

The chief source for information about a book is its title page. The back of the title page, called the verso or copyright page, and the cover of the book are additional sources of authoritative information not found on the title page.

Note that the rules for creating references to books are not the same as the rules for cataloging books. Therefore records found in the NLM LocatorPlus and the NLM Catalog databases will not always agree with the instructions presented here.

Continue to Citation Rules with Examples for Entire Books .

Continue to Examples of Citations to Entire Books .

• Citation Rules with Examples for Entire Books

Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R after the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after the name means it is optional.

Author/Editor (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title (R) | Content Type (O) | Type of Medium (R) | Edition (R) | Editor and other Secondary Authors (O) | Place of Publication (R) | Publisher (R) | Date of Publication (R) | Pagination (O) | Physical Description (O) | Series (O) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

Author/Editor for Entire Books (required)

General rules for author/editor.

• List names in the order they appear in the text
• Enter surname (family or last name) first for each author/editor
• Capitalize surnames and enter spaces within surnames as they appear in the document cited on the assumption that the author approved the form used. For example: Van Der Horn or van der Horn; De Wolf or de Wolf or DeWolf.
• Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials for a maximum of two initials following each surname
• Give all authors/editors, regardless of the number
• Separate author/editor names from each other by a comma and a space
• If there are no authors, only editors, follow the last named editor with a comma and the word editor or editors; see Editor and Other Secondary Authors below if there are authors and editors
• End author/editor information with a period

Specific Rules for Author/Editor

• Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them
• Other surname rules
• Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle
• Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name
• Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III
• Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese)
• Non-English words for editor
• Organizations as author/editor
• No author can be found
• Options for author names

Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them.

Other surname rules.

Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle.

Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name.

Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III.

Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese).

Non-English words for editor.

Organizations as author/editor.

No author can be found.

Options for author names.

Examples for Author/Editor

1. standard book with initials for authors, 2. book authors with optional full first names given, 3. book with many authors (list all), 4. book with optional limit to the first three authors, 5. book with author/editor name having designations of rank in a family, 6. book authors/editors with particles, prefixes, or prepositions in their names, 7. book authors/editors with compound last names having a hyphen, 8. book authors/editors with compound last names without a hyphen, 9. book with editors or translators when there is no author, 10. book with author(s) and editor(s)/translator(s)/illustrator(s), 11. book with organization as author/editor, 12. book with organization as author and subsidiary department/division named, 13. book with organization as author which is also the publisher, 14. book with organization as author and an editor(s), 15. book with organization as author/editor including a translation, 16. book with multiple organizations as authors, 17. book with no authors or editors, author affiliation for entire books (optional), general rules for author affiliation.

• Enter the affiliation of all authors or only the first author
• Begin with the department and name of the institution, followed by city and state/Canadian province/country
• Use commas to separate parts of the address
• Place the address in parentheses, such as (Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA)
• Separate the affiliation from its author by a space
• Follow the affiliation with a comma placed outside the closing parenthesis, unless the affiliation is for the last author, then use a period

Specific Rules for Author Affiliation

• Abbreviations in affiliations
• E-mail address included
• Organizational names for affiliations not in English
• Names for cities and countries not in English

Abbreviations in affiliations.

E-mail address included.

Organizational names for affiliations not in English.

Names for cities and countries not in English.

Examples for Author Affiliation

18. book with author affiliation included, title for entire books (required), general rules for title.

• Enter the title of a book as it appears in the original document, in the original language
• Capitalize only the first word of a title, proper nouns, proper adjectives, acronyms, and initialisms
• Use a colon followed by a space to separate a title from a subtitle, unless another form of punctuation (such as a question mark, period, or an exclamation point) is already present
• Follow non-English titles with a translation whenever possible; place the translation in square brackets
• End a title with a period unless a question mark or exclamation point already ends it or a Content Type or Type of Medium follows it (see below), then end with a space

Specific Rules for Title

• Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special character
• Titles not in English
• Titles in more than one language
• Titles ending in punctuation other than a period
• No title can be found

Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special character.

Titles not in English.

Titles in more than one language.

Titles ending in punctuation other than a period.

No title can be found.

Examples for Title

19. book title in a language other than english, 20. book published with equal text in two languages, 21. book with text in multiple languages, 22. book title with special characters, content type for entire books (optional), general rules for content type.

• A content type alerts the user that the reference is not to a standard book but to a dissertation, master's thesis, or bibliography
• Place [dissertation], [master's thesis], or [bibliography] after the book title
• Follow the bracketed content type with a period unless the book is in a non-print medium (see Type of Medium below)
• See Chapter 5 Dissertations and Theses and Chapter 6 Bibliographies for more detail

Specific Rules for Content Type

Examples for content type, 23. book with content type added, type of medium for entire books (required), general rules for type of medium.

• Indicate the type of medium (microfiche, ultrafiche, microfilm, microcard, etc.) following the title (and Content Type, if present) when a book is published in a microform
• Place the name of the medium in square brackets and end with a period outside the closing bracket, such as [microfiche].
• Add information about the medium according to the instructions under Physical Description below
• See Chapter 15 for books in audiovisual formats, Chapter 18 for books on CD-ROM, DVD, or disk, and Chapter 22 for Internet books

Specific Rules for Type of Medium

• Both a content type and a type of medium

Both a content type and a type of medium.

Examples for Type of Medium

24. book in a microform with type of medium given, edition for entire books (required), general rules for edition.

• Indicate the edition/version being cited after the title (and Content Type or Type of Medium if present) when a book is published in more than one edition or version
• Abbreviate common words (see Abbreviation rules for editions below)
• Capitalize only the first word of the edition statement, proper nouns, and proper adjectives
• Express numbers representing editions in arabic ordinals. For example: second becomes 2nd and III becomes 3rd.
• End the edition statement with a period

Abbreviation rules for editions.

Specific Rules for Edition

• Abbreviation rules for editions
• Non-English words for editions
• First editions

Non-English words for editions.

First editions.

Examples for Edition

25. book with an edition, 26. book with an edition in a language other than english, editor and other secondary authors for entire books (optional), general rules for editor and other secondary authors.

• A secondary author modifies the work of the author. Examples include editors, translators, and illustrators.
• Place the names of secondary authors after the title, following any Content Type, Type of Medium, or Edition statement
• Use the same rules for the format of names presented in Author/Editor above
• Follow the last named editor with a comma and the word editor or editors; the last named illustrator with a comma and the word illustrator or illustrators, etc.
• End secondary author information with a period
• If there is no author, move secondary authors such as editors and translators to the author position in the reference

Specific Rules for Editor and other Secondary Authors

• More than one type of secondary author
• Secondary author performing more than one role
• Non-English names for secondary authors
• Organization as editor

More than one type of secondary author.

Secondary author performing more than one role.

Non-English names for secondary authors.

Organization as editor.

Examples for Editor and other Secondary Authors

Place of publication for entire books (required), general rules for place of publication.

• Place is defined as the city where the book was published
• Follow US and Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviation for the state or province (see Appendix E ) to avoid confusion when citing lesser known cities or when cities in different locations have the same name, such as Palm Springs (CA) and Palm Springs (FL)
• Follow cities in other countries with the name of the country, either written out or as the two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D ), when citing lesser known cities or when cities in different locations have the same name, such as Cambridge (MA) and Cambridge (England)
• Use the anglicized form for a non-US city, such as Vienna for Wien
• End place information with a colon

Specific Rules for Place of Publication

• Non-US cities
• Joint publication
• Multiple places of publication
• No place of publication can be found

Non-US cities.

Joint publication.

Multiple places of publication.

No place of publication can be found.

Examples for Place of Publication

27. book with well-known place of publication, 28. book place of publication with geographic qualifier added for clarity, 29. book with place of publication inferred, 30. book with unknown place of publication, 36. book with unknown place of publication and publisher, 42. book with unknown place, publisher, and date of publication, publisher for entire books (required), general rules for publisher.

• A publisher is defined as the individual or organization issuing the book
• Record the name of the publisher as it appears in the publication, using whatever capitalization and punctuation is found there
• Abbreviate well-known publisher names if desired but with caution to avoid confusion. For example, "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd." may become simply "Wiley".
• When a division or other subsidiary part of a publisher is given, enter the publisher name first. For example: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division.
• End publisher information with a semicolon

Specific Rules for Publisher

• Abbreviated words in publisher names
• Non-English names for publishers
• Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher
• Multiple publishers
• No publisher can be found

Abbreviated words in publisher names.

Non-English names for publishers.

Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher.

Multiple publishers.

No publisher can be found.

Examples for Publisher

31. book publisher with subsidiary department/division named, 32. book with government agency as publisher, 33. book with joint publishers, 34. book with non-english publisher name including translation, 35. book with unknown publisher, date of publication for entire books (required), general rules for date of publication.

• Always give the year of publication
• Convert roman numerals to arabic numbers. For example: MM to 2000.
• Include the month of publication, if desired, after the year, such as 2004 May
• Use English names for months and abbreviate them using the first three letters, such as Jan
• End date information with a period

Specific Rules for Date of Publication

• Multiple years of publication
• Non-English names for months
• Seasons instead of months
• Date of publication and date of copyright
• No date of publication, but a date of copyright
• No date of publication or copyright can be found
• Options for date of publication

Multiple years of publication.

Non-English names for months.

Seasons instead of months.

Date of publication and date of copyright.

No date of publication, but a date of copyright.

No date of publication or copyright can be found.

Options for date of publication.

Examples for Date of Publication

37. book with multiple dates of publication, 38. book with date of copyright instead of date of publication, 39. book with date of publication and date of copyright, 40. book with estimated date of publication, 41. book with unknown date of publication, pagination for entire books (optional), general rules for pagination.

• Provide the total number of pages on which the text of the book appears
• Do not count pages for such items as introductory material, appendixes, and indexes unless they are included in the pagination of the text
• Follow the page total with a space and the letter p
• For books published in more than one physical volume, cite the total number of volumes instead of the number of pages, such as 4 vol.
• End pagination information with a period

Specific Rules for Pagination

• Roman numerals used as page numbers
• No numbers appear on the pages of the book

Roman numerals used as page numbers.

No numbers appear on the pages of the book.

Examples for Pagination

43. book with standard pagination, 44. book published in more than one volume, 45. book with no numbers on the pages, physical description for entire books (optional), general rules for physical description.

• Give information on the physical characteristics if a book is published in a microform (microfilm, microfiche, etc.), such as 3 microfiche: black & white, 2 x 4 in. Such information helps the reader select the appropriate equipment with which to view the microform.

Specific Rules for Physical Description

• Language for describing physical characteristics

Language for describing physical characteristics.

Examples for Physical Description

Series for entire books (optional), general rules for series.

• Begin with the name of the series
• Capitalize only the first word and proper nouns
• Follow the name with any numbers provided. For example, vol. 3 for a volume or no. 12 for an issue number.
• Separate the title and the number by a semicolon and a space
• Place series information in parentheses
• End series information with a period placed outside the closing parenthesis

Specific Rules for Series

• Series editor's name provided
• Multiple series
• Non-English names for volume

Series editor's name provided.

Multiple series.

Non-English names for volumes.

Examples for Series

46. book in a series with a number given, 47. book in a series without a number, 48. book in a series with editor(s), 49. book in multiple series, 50. book published also as a journal issue, language for entire books (required), general rules for language.

• Give the language of publication if not English
• Capitalize the language name
• Follow the language name with a period

Specific Rules for Language

• Books appearing in more than one language

Books appearing in more than one language.

Examples for Language

Notes for entire books (optional), general rules for notes.

• Notes is a collective term for further information given after the citation itself
• Complete sentences are not required

Specific Rules for Notes

Book accompanied by a videocassette, CD-ROM, DVD, etc.

• Book with an ISBN
• Other types of material to include in notes

Book with an ISBN.

Other types of material to include in notes.

Examples for Notes

51. book accompanied by a cd-rom or other medium, 52. book assigned an international standard book number (isbn), 53. book available from a distributor, 54. book with information on a library where it may be found, 55. book with other note included.

Jenkins PF. Making sense of the chest x-ray: a hands-on guide. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005. 194 p.

Eyre HJ, Lange DP, Morris LB. Informed decisions: the complete book of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. 2nd ed. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; c2002. 768 p.

Hamric, Ann B.; Spross, Judith A.; Hanson, Charlene M. Advanced practice nursing: an integrative approach. 3rd ed. St. Louis (MO): Elsevier Saunders; c2005. 979 p.

Iverson C, Flanagin A, Fontanarosa PB, Glass RM, Glitman P, Lantz JC, Meyer HS, Smith JM, Winker MA, Young RK. American Medical Association manual of style. 9th ed. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins; c1998. 660 p.

Wenger NK, Sivarajan Froelicher E, Smith LK, Ades PA, Berra K, Blumenthal JA, Certo CME, Dattilo AM, Davis D, DeBusk RF, Drozda JP Jr, Fletcher BJ, Franklin BA, Gaston H, Greenland P, McBride PE, McGregor CGA, Oldridge NB, Piscatella JC, Rogers FJ. Cardiac rehabilitation. Rockville (MD): Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (US); 1995. 202 p.

Iverson C, Flanagin A, Fontanarosa PB, et al. American Medical Association manual of style. 9th ed. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins; c1998. 660 p.

Wenger NK, Sivarajan Froelicher E, Smith LK, and others. Cardiac rehabilitation. Rockville (MD): Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (US); 1995. 202 p.

Bodenheimer HC Jr, Chapman R. Q&A color review of hepatobiliary medicine. New York: Thieme; 2003. 192 p.

Lewis RJ Sr. Hazardous chemicals desk reference. 5th ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience; c2002. 1695 p.

Langabeer JR 2nd, Napiewocki J. Competitive business strategy for teaching hospitals. Westport (CT): Quorum Books; 2000. 296 p.

Panjabi MM, White AA 3rd. Biomechanics in the musculoskeletal system. New York: Churchill Livingstone; c2001. 196 p.

Weise WJ 4th. Baby catcher: true stories from the life of an obstetrician. Enumclaw (WA): Pleasant Word; c2003. 105 p.

O'Brien JA. Common problems in clinical laboratory management. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division; c2000. 557 p.

O'Connor KP. Cognitive-behavioral management of tic disorders. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons; c2005. 308 p.

Friedman EA, L'Esperance FA Jr, editors. Diabetic renal-retinal syndrome: pathogenesis and management update 2002. Boston: Kluwer Academic; c2002. 246 p.

MacDonald DD, Ben-Gashir MA, Robson AM. Dermatopathology. Malden (MA): Blackwell Publishing; 2005.

Van de Velde R, Degoulet P. Clinical information systems: a component-based approach. New York: Springer; c2003. 294 p.

de Groot WP, translator and editor. A colour atlas of venous disease. Engl. ed. London: Manson; c2003. 112 p.

Lopez-Goni I, Moriyon I, editors. Brucella: molecular and cellular biology. Wymondham (England): Horizon Bioscience; c2004. 432 p.

Puig-Samper MA, Ruiz R, Galera Andres A, editors. Evolucionismo y cultura: darwinismo en Europa e Iberoamerica. Aranjuez (Spain): Ediciones Doce Calles; 2002. 407 p. Spanish, English, French, Portuguese.

Garcia y Griego M, Verea Campos M. Mexico y Estados Unidos frente a la migracion de indocumentados. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Coordinacion de Humanidades; 1988. 175 p. Spanish.

Lopez Castellano B, Nieto-Sampedro M, editors. Glial cell function. New York: Elsevier; 2001. 757 p.

Izzo JL Jr, Black HR, editors. Hypertension primer: the essentials of high blood pressure. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2003. 532 p.

Celli L, editor. The elbow: traumatic lesions. Warr A, translator. Vienna (Austria): Springer-Verlag; c1991. 203 p.

Flaws B, translator. The classic of difficulties: a translation of the Nan Jing. 3rd ed. Boulder (CO): Blue Poppy Press; 2004. 140 p.

Krachmer JH, Mannis MJ, Holland EJ, editors. Cornea. Finch M, illustrator. St. Louis (MO): Mosby; c1997. 3 vol.

Martin EW. Hazards of medication. 2nd ed. Ruskin A, Napke E, Alexander S, Kelsey FO, Farage DJ, Mills DH, Elkas RW, editors. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1978. 686 p.

Stein E. Anorectal and colon diseases: textbook and color atlas of proctology. 1st Engl. ed. Burgdorf WH, translator. Berlin: Springer; c2003. 522 p.

Richer PM. Artistic anatomy. Hale RB, translator and editor. New York: Watson-Guptill; 1971. 255 p.

Luzikov VN. Mitochondrial biogenesis and breakdown. Galkin AV, translator; Roodyn DB, editor. New York: Consultants Bureau; 1985. 362 p.

Bosch F, Klomp R. Running: biomechanics and exercise physiology applied in practice. Bosch F, illustrator; Boer-Stallman DW, translator. Edinburgh (Scotland): Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; c2005. 413 p.

Advanced Life Support Group. Acute medical emergencies: the practical approach. London: BMJ Books; 2001. 454 p.

Swiss Pharmaceutical Society, editor. Index nominum: international drug directory. 18th ed. Stuttgart (Germany): Medpharm Scientific Publications; 2004. 1823 p.

Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance, editor. Naphthalin. Hicks R, translator. Weinheim (Germany): VCH; c1992. 155 p.

with place added for clarity

Beth Israel Hospital (Boston). Obstetrical decision making. Philadelphia: B.C. Decker; 1987. 320 p.

National Safety Council (US). AED, automated external defibrillation. Sudbury (MA): Jones and Bartlett; c1998. 54 p.

American Occupational Therapy Association, Ad Hoc Committee on Occupational Therapy Manpower. Occupational therapy manpower: a plan for progress. Rockville (MD): The Association; 1985 Apr. 84 p.

Virginia Law Foundation, Committee on Continuing Legal Education. The medical and legal implications of AIDS. Charlottesville (VA): The Foundation; 1987. 148 p.

as an option, the full publisher name may be given

Virginia Law Foundation, Committee on Continuing Legal Education. The medical and legal implications of AIDS. Charlottesville (VA): Virginia Law Foundation; 1987. 148 p.

American Association of Neuroscience Nursing. AANN core curriculum for neuroscience nursing. Bader MK, Littlejohns LR, editors. 4th ed. St. Louis (MO): Saunders; c2004. 1038 p.

Medicinska Forskningsradet [Medical Research Council] (SE). MFR och forskning om AIDS och HIV: oversyn och rekommendationer av medicinska forskingsradets AIDS-grupp [MFR and research on AIDS and HIV: overview and recommendations of the Medical Research Council's AIDS group]. Stockholm: The Council; 1988. 46 p. Swedish.

Rinsho Shokaki Naika Henshu Iinkai [Clinical Gastroenterology Editorial Committee] (JP), editor. Daicho naishikyo sonyu shugi no kihon [Basic technical procedure of colonoscopy]. Dai 1-pan. Tokyo: Nihon Medikara Senta; 2003. 135 p. Japanese.

National Lawyer's Guild AIDs Network (US); National Gay Rights Advocates (US). AIDS practice manual: a legal and educational guide. 2nd ed. San Francisco: The Network; 1988.

HIV/AIDs resources: a nationwide directory. 10th ed. Longmont (CO): Guides for Living; c2004. 792 p.

Fleisher GR (Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA), Ludwig S, Baskin MN, editors. Atlas of pediatric emergency medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2004. 478 p.

Oermann MH (College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI), Gaberson KB (Department of Nursing Education, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV). Evaluation and testing in nursing education. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; c2006. 403 p.

Katsunori K. [Euthanasia and criminal law]. Shohan. Tokyo: Seibundo; 2003. 198 p. Japanese.

Han'guk yagop 100-yon. Seoul (Korea): Yakop Sinmun; 2004. 2 vol. Korean.

Ochoa S. Base molecular de la expresion del mensaje genetico. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; 2000. 219 p. Spanish.

Tsimmerman IaS. Diagnostika i kompleksnoe lechenie osnovnykh gastroenterologicheskikh zabolevanii: klinicheskie ocherki. Perm (Russia): Permskaia Gosudarstvenennaia Meditsinskaia Akademiia; 2003. 286 p. Russian.

Hartmeier W. Immobilisierte Biokatalysstoren. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1988. 212 p. German.

with translation

Han'guk yagop 100-yon [100-year pharmaceutical industry history]. Seoul (Korea): Yakop Sinmun; 2004. 2 vol. Korean.

Ochoa S. Base molecular de la expresion del mensaje genetico [Molecular basis of gene expression]. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; 2000. 219 p. Spanish.

Tsimmerman IaS. Diagnostika i kompleksnoe lechenie osnovnykh gastroenterologicheskikh zabolevanii: klinicheskie ocherki [Diagnosis and complex treatment of basic gastrointestinal diseases: clinical studies]. Perm (Russia): Permskaia Gosudarstvenennaia Meditsinskaia Akademiia; 2003. 286 p. Russian.

Hartmeier W. Immobilisierte Biokatalysstoren [Immobilized biocatalysts]. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1988. 212 p. German.

Chemically-defined flavouring substances = Substances aromatisantes chimiquement definies. 4th ed. Strasbourg (France): Council of Europe; c2000. 616 p. English, French.

Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier. Le genome: avancees scientifiques et therapeutiques et consequences sociales = The genome: scientific and therapeutic developments and social consequences. Paris: Elsevier; c2002. 271 p. French, English.

Lopez Ferez JA, editor. La lengua cientifica griega: origenes, desarrollo e influencia en las lenguas modernas europeas. Madrid: Ediciones Clasicas; 2000. 2 vol. Spanish, French, German, Greek, Italian.

with translation included

Puig-Samper MA, Ruiz R, Galera Andres A, editors. Evolucionismo y cultura: darwinismo en Europa e Iberoamerica [Evolution and culture: Darwinism in Europe and Latin America]. Aranjuez (Spain): Ediciones Doce Calles; 2002. 407 p. Spanish, English, French, Portuguese.

Lopez Ferez JA, editor. La lengua cientifica griega: origenes, desarrollo e influencia en las lenguas modernas europeas [The Greek scientific language: origins, development and influence on modern European languages]. Madrid: Ediciones Clasicas; 2000. 2 vol. Spanish, French, German, Greek, Italian.

Greek letters may be written out if special fonts are not available

Huang YS, Ziboh VA, editors. γ -linolenic acid: recent advances in biotechnology and clinical applications. Champaign (IL): AOCS Press; 2001. 259 p.

Huang YS, Ziboh VA, editors. Gamma-linolenic acid: recent advances in biotechnology and clinical applications. Champaign (IL): AOCS Press; 2001. 259 p.

Juaristi E, Soloshonok VA. Enantioselective synthesis of β -amino acids. 2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley; c2005. 634 p.

Juaristi E, Soloshonok VA. Enantioselective synthesis of beta-amino acids. 2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley; c2005. 634 p.

Superscripts/subscripts may be enclosed within parentheses if fonts are not available

Schmidt KH, Manheim J. TiO 2 nanoparticles. Weinheim (Germany): VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.; 2005. 278 p.

Schmidt KH, Manheim J. TiO(2) nanoparticles. Weinheim (Germany): VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.; 2005. 278 p.

Liu-Ambrose TY. Studies of fall risk and bone morphology in older women with low bone mass [dissertation]. [Vancouver (BC)]: University of British Columbia; 2004. 290 p.

Grayson L, compiler. Animals in research: for and against [bibliography]. London: British Library; c2000. 320 p.

Pennell S, editor. Women and medicine: remedy books, 1533-1865, from the Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine, London [microfilm]. London: Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine; c2004. 35 reels: black & white, negative, 35 mm.

Lombardo NE, Ooi WL, Gornstein ES. Dance/movement therapy with frail older adults: a controlled experiment to demonstrate effect on mood, social interaction, and physical functioning of nursing home residents and adult day health clients [microfiche]. Boston: Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged, Research and Training Institute; 1996. 2 microfiche: blue & white, negative, 4 x 6 in.

Monnier H. Etude medicale de quelques guerisons survenues a Lourdes [microfilm]. Paris: Frison-Roche; c1997. 1 reel: black & white, negative, 35 mm. French.

Modlin IM, Sachs G. Acid related diseases: biology and treatment. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2004. 522 p.

Brown AF. Accident and emergency: diagnosis and management. 4th ed. New York: Arnold; 2002. 442 p.

Belitz HD, Grosch W, Schieberle P. Food chemistry. 3rd rev. ed. Burghagen MM, translator. Berlin: Springer; 2004. 1070 p.

Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE. Rational phytotherapy: a physician's guide to herbal medicine. 3rd ed., fully rev. and expand. Berlin: Springer; c1998. 306 p.

American Medical Association, Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. Code of medical ethics: current opinions with annotations. 2004-2005 ed. Chicago: AMA Press; c2004. 377 p.

Ness BD, editor. Encyclopedia of genetics. Rev. ed. Pasadena (CA): Salem Press; c2004. 2 vol.

Arrighi AA. Biologia del envejecimiento en la mujer. 2° ed. ampliada y actualizada. Buenos Aires: Editorial Ascune; 2004. 142 p. Spanish.

Maldonado Ballon R. Sexualidad y reproduccion humana: vision medica; enciclopedia. 5a ed. La Paz (Bolivia): [publisher unknown]; 1988. 4 vol. Spanish.

Deutsch E, Lippert HD, editors. Kommentar zum Arzneimittelgesetz (AMG). 2., Aufl. Berlin: Springer; 2007. 885 p. German.

Giberti F. Manuale di psichiatria: per studenti, medici, assistenti sociali, operatori psichiatrici. 5 ed. interamente rielaborata. Padova (Italy): Piccin; c2005. 599 p. Italian.

Radzinskii VE. Biokhimiia platsentarnoi nedostatochnosti: monografiia. Izd. 3-e, rasshirennoe i dop. Moscow: Izd-vo Rossiiskogo Universiteta Druzhby Narodov; 2001. 275 p. Russian.

Katsunori K. Anrakushi to keihoi. Shohan. Tokyo: Seibundo; 2003. 198 p. Japanese.

Li S. Binhu mai xue bai hua jie. Di 3 ban. Beijing (China): Ren min wei sheng chu ban she; 2001. 117 p. Chinese.

Kunzel W. Breech delivery. Paris: Elsevier; c2002. 274 p.

Stocksley M. Abdominal ultrasound. San Francisco: Greenwich Medical Media; 2001. 286 p.

Minkler M. Community organizing and community building for health. 2nd ed. New Brunswick (NJ): Rutgers University Press; c2005. 489 p.

Hall N. The role of the social welfare sector in Africa: strengthening the capacities of vulnerable children and families in the context of HIV/AIDS. Berne (Switzerland): International Federation of Social Workers; 2000. 10 p.

Marquis DK. Advance care planning: a practical guide for physicians. [Chicago]: AMA Press; c2001. 105 p.

Kuttner L. A child in pain: how to help, what to do. [place unknown]: Hartley & Marks; 1996. 271 p.

Hoobler S. Adventures in medicine: one doctor's life amid the great discoveries of 1940-1990. [place unknown]: S.W. Hoobler; 1991. 109 p.

Kinzbrunner BM, Weinreb NJ, Policzer JS, editors. 20 common problems in end-of-life care. New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division; c2002. 446 p.

Grannerg A, Armelius K, Armelius BA. Self-image pattern and treatment outcome in severely disturbed psychiatric patients. Umea (Sweden): Umea University, Department of Psychology; 2001. 13 p.

Allison M, Hubbard RL, Rachal JV. Treatment process in methadone, residential, and outpatient drug free programs. Rockville (MD): National Institute on Drug Abuse (US), Division of Clinical Research; 1985. 89 p.

Chandler F, editor. Herbs: everyday reference for health professionals. Ottawa: Canadian Pharmacists Association; c2000. 240 p. Co-published by the Canadian Medical Association.

Lindholm LH, Agenas I, Beerman B, Berglund G, Dahlgren H, Elmfeldt D, de Faire U, Jern S, Hjemdahl P, Johannesson M, Jonsson E, Jonsson B, Kahan T, Lundvall O, Samuelsson O, Svardsudd K, Waaler HT, Werko L, Aberg H. Mattligt forhojt blodtryck [Moderately elevated blood pressure]. Stockholm: Statens Beredning for Utvardering av Medicinsk Metodik [Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care]; 1994. 340 p. Swedish.

Sciarra C. Harvey Cushing fondatore della neurochirurgia. Rome: [publisher unknown]; [1971?]. Italian.

Amjad H, translator. On the joints, arthritic pain: an early 13th century treatise on arthritis. [place unknown: publisher unknown]; 1996. 13 p.

Wilson JD. Steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 deficiency. [place unknown: publisher unknown]; 1992. 36 p.

de Tartas P. Oeuvres de Ambrose Pare de La Val au Maine. Herni H, illustrator. [place unknown: publisher unknown; 1977?]. 3 vol. French, Latin.

Chang TM. Blood substitutes: principles, methods, products, and clinical trials. New York: Karger Landes Systems; 1997-1998. 2 vol.

Appenzeller O, editor. The autonomic nervous system. Amsterdam (Netherlands): Elsevier; 1999-2000. 2 vol.

Chevalier JM. The 3-D mind. Montreal (QC): McGill-Queen's University Press; 2002-2003. 3 vol.

Kruger L, editor. Pain and touch. San Diego (CA): Academic Press; c1996. 394 p.

Mark BS, Incorvaia J, editors. The handbook of infant, child, and adolescent psychotherapy. Northvale (NJ): Jason Aronson Inc.; c1995-1997. 2 vol.

de Varennes F, editor. Asia-Pacific human rights documents and resources. Boston: M. Nijhoff Publishers; c1998-2000. 2 vol.

Herrick CJ. The thinking machine. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1960, c1932. 372 p. (Chicago reprint series).

Research Task Force on Risk-Based Inservice Testing Guidelines. Risk-based testing: development of guidelines. New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers; 2000, c1996.

Pathak L, editor. Echocardiography non invasive diagnosis. Bombay: Cardiological Society of India; [1980?].

Lederer J. Alimentation et cancer. 3e ed. Brussels: Nauwelaerts; [1986?]. 315 p. French.

Marcuzzi A. Alimentazione: risorse e possibilita. Bologna (Italy): Malipiero S.p.A. Editore; [date unknown]. 72 p. Italian.

Steriu D, Stefanoiu V. Terapia si combaterea zoonozelor parazitare. [place, publisher, date unknown]. 205 p. Romanian.

Annas GJ. American bioethics: crossing human rights and health law boundaries. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005. 244 p.

Blanc B, Siproudhis L. Pelvi-perineologie. Paris: Springer; 2005. 619 p. French.

Hamilton S, editor. Animal welfare & antivivisection 1870-1910: nineteenth century women's mission. London: Routledge; 2004. 3 vol.

Howell E. Access to children's mental health services under Medicaid and SCHIP. Washington: Urban Institute; c2004. 7 leaves.

Zaadstra BM, Staats PG, Davidse W. Aard en omvang van cannabis gebruik bij mensen met MS. Leiden (Netherlands): TNO Preventie en Gezondheid; 1998. 37 leaves. Dutch.

Indryan A, Sarmukaddam SB. Medical biostatistics. New York: Marcel Dekker; c2001. 645 p. (Biostatistics; 7).

Best SJ, Krueger BS. Internet data collection. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications; 2004. 91 p. (Quantitative applications in the social sciences; no. 07/041).

Bergstresser PR, Takashima A, editors. Gamma-delta T cells. New York: Karger; 2001. 142 p. (Chemical immunology; vol. 79).

Evans LK, Lang NM, editors. Academic nursing practice. New York: Springer; c2004. 278 p. (Springer series on the teaching of nursing).

Forsman RB, editor. Administration and management in health sciences libraries. Lanham (MD): Medical Library Association; c2000. 222 p. (Bunting A, editor. Current practice in health sciences librarianship; vol. 8).

Redmond CK, Colton T, editors. Biostatistics in clinical trials. Chichester (England): John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; c2001. 501 p. (Armitage P, Colton T, editors. Wiley reference series in biostatistics).

Ollendick T, editor. Children & adolescents: clinical formulation and treatment. Amsterdam (Netherlands): Elsevier Science; 1998. 754 p. (Bellack AS, Hersen M, editors. Comprehensive clinical psychology; vol. 5).

Rugg DL, Peersman G, Carael M, editors. Global advances in HIV/AIDS monitoring and evaluation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; c2004. 180 p. (New directions for evaluation; no. 103); (Jossey-Bass education series).

Cardena E, Croyle K, editors. Acute reactions to trauma and psychotherapy: a multidisciplinary and international perspective. Binghamton (NY): Haworth Medical Press; 2005. 130 p. (Journal of trauma & dissociation; vol. 6, no. 2).

Franco KL, Verrier ED, editors. Advanced therapy in cardiac surgery. 2nd ed. Hamilton (ON): B.C. Decker; 2003. 642 p. Accompanied by: 1 CD-ROM.

Stern SD, Cifu AS, Altkorn D. Symptom to diagnosis: an evidence-based guide. New York: Lange Medical Books; c2006. 434 p. ISBN: 9780071463898.

What kind of birth control is best for you? Rockville (MD): Food and Drug Administration (US); 2000. 12 p. Available from: US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; HE 20.4050:B 53/2000.

Lederer J. Alimentation et cancer. 3e ed. Brussels: Nauwelaerts; [1986?]. 315 p. French. Located at: National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD; FF9414.

McRae J. AIDS, agencies and drug abuse: the Edinburgh experience. Norwich (England): Social Work Monographs; 1989. 40 p. Revised version of a dissertation originally submitted as part of an MSc. in applied social studies at Oxford University.

Stahl PH, Wermuth CG, editors. Handbook of pharmaceutical salts: properties, selection, and use. New York: Wiley-VCH; c2002. 374 p. Prepared for the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

Amjad H, translator. On the joints, arthritic pain: an early 13th century treatise on arthritis. [place unknown: publisher unknown]; 1996. 13 p. Translation from the Arabic of the work by Al-Sammarqandi.

Palazzo RE, Davis TN, editors. Centrosomes and spindle pole bodies. San Diego: Academic Press; c2001. 375 p. 16 pages of plates, some color.

Duac topical gel. Coral Gables (FL): Stiefel Laboratories, Inc.; 2008 Jan. Package insert. NDC 0145-2371-05.

Nasarel (flunisolide) nasal spray, 29 mcg. Mississauga (ON): Pantheon, Inc.; 2006 Sep. Package insert. Distributed by TEVA Specialty Pharmaceuticals.

• B(1). Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Individual Volumes With a Separate Title but Without Separate Authors/Editors

The general format for a reference to a volume of a book with a separate title but without separate authors/editors, including pagination:

Examples of Citations to Individual Volumes With a Separate Title but Without Separate Authors/Editors

Many medical texts are published in more than one volume because the number of pages is too large to be contained in one physical volume. If a book is published in multiple volumes, and if each volume has a separate title, the volumes may be cited individually:

• Use the title page and the verso (back) of the title page of the individual volume as the source for authoritative information.
• Place volume information immediately following the overall title for the book and any edition information or secondary author.
• Give the pagination for the individual volume following the date of publication.

Continue to Citation Rules with Examples for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title but Without Separate Authors/Editors .

Continue to Examples of Citations to Individual Volumes With a Separate Title but Without Separate Authors/Editors .

• Citation Rules with Examples for One Volume of a Book Without Separate Authors/Editors

Book (R) | Volume and Number (R) | Title (R) | Location (Pagination) (O)

Book (required)

General rules for book.

• Cite the overall book according to Chapter 2A Entire Books , but omit the Pagination

Volume and Number of Volume (required)

General rules for volume and number of volume.

• Place volume and number information after the title of the book and any Content Type, Type of Medium, Edition statement, or Secondary Author
• Enter "Vol." and a space
• Follow the abbreviation for volume with the number of the volume
• Use arabic numbers only. For example: convert VI or Six to 6.
• End volume information with a comma and a space

Specific Rules for Volume and Number of Volume

• Non-English names for volumes
• Numbers labeled other than volume

Numbers labeled other than volume.

Examples for Volume and Number of Volume

1. standard volume of a book without separate authors/editors, 2. volumes of books without separate authors/editors following an edition statement, 3. volumes of books without separate authors/editors following an edition statement and secondary authors, 4. volumes of books without separate authors/editors following a content type, 5. volumes of books without separate authors/editors with numbers labeled other than volume, 6. volumes of non-english books without separate authors/editors, title of volume (required), general rules for title of volume.

• Enter the title of the volume as it appears in the book
• End title information with a period

Specific Rules for Title of Volume

• Non-English titles for volumes

Non-English titles for volumes.

Examples for Title of Volume

Location (pagination) of volume (optional), general rules for pagination of volume.

• Place pagination after the date of publication
• Provide the total number of pages on which the text of the volume appears
• Follow the number by a space and "p." Examples: 438 p. and 1025 p.

Specific Rules for Pagination of Volume

• Roman numerals for page numbers
• Volumes continuously paginated

Roman numerals for page numbers.

Volumes continuously paginated.

Examples for Pagination of Volume

7. volumes of books without separate authors/editors continuously paginated.

• Examples of Citations to Volumes of Books with a Separate Title for the Volume but Without Separate Authors/Editors

Tos M. Manual of middle ear surgery. Vol. 3, Surgery of the external auditory canal. Stuttgart (Germany): Georg Thieme Verlag; 1997. 305 p.

Cicchetti D, Cohen DJ, editors. Developmental psychopathology. Vol. 1, Theory and methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; c1995. 787 p.

Krachmer JH, Mannis MJ, Holland DJ. Cornea. 2nd ed. Vol. 1, Fundamentals, diagnosis and management. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2005. 1409 p.

Voet D, Voet JG. Biochemistry. 3rd ed. Vol. 2, The expression and transmission of genetic information. New York: J. Wiley & Sons; c2004. p. 1107-560.

Moller TB, Reif E. Pocket atlas of sectional anatomy: computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. 2nd ed., rev. and enl. Telger T, translator. Vol. 2, Thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. Stuttgart (Germany): Thieme; 2001. 226 p.

Merbach W, Muller-Uri C. Lead in the environment [bibliography]. Pt. 3, Distribution of the environmental lead. Halle (Germany): Universitats- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt; 1993. 211 p. English, German, French, Spanish, Polish, Italian.

Lagunas Rodriguez Z. Manual de osteologia antropologica. 1. ed. Vol. 1, Principios de anatomia osea y dental. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia; 2000. 216 p. Spanish.

Han'guk yagop 100-yon. 2-kwon, 21-segi yakop ui chwapyo wa pijon. Seoul (Korea): Yakop Sinmun; 2004. Korean.

Lagunas Rodriguez Z. Manual de osteologia antropologica [Manual of anthropologic osteology]. 1. ed. Vol. 1, Principios de anatomia osea y dental [Vol. 1, Principles of bone and dental anatomy]. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia; 2000. 216 p. Spanish.

Han'guk yagop 100-yon [100-year pharmaceutical industry history]. 2-kwon, 21-segi yakop ui chwapyo wa pijon [Vol. 2, Pharmaceutical perspective and vision in the 21st century]. Seoul (Korea): Yakop Sinmun; 2004. Korean.

Oppenheim JJ, Feldmann M, Durum SK, Hirano T, Vilcek J, Nicola NA, editors. Cytokine reference: a compendium of cytokines and other mediators of host defense. Vol. 2, Receptors. London: Academic Press; c2001. p. 1437-2260.

Goldstein RE, Haywood VA, editors. Esthetics in dentistry. 2nd ed. Vol. 2, Esthetic problems of individual teeth, missing teeth, malocclusion, special populations. Hamilton (ON): BC Decker Inc; 2002. p. 471-884.

• B(2). Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors

The general format for a reference to a volume with a separate title and separate authors/editors:

Examples of Citations to Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors

If each volume of a book in a multivolume set has its own author(s) or its own editor(s) distinct from the authors/editors of the set of volumes, the individual volume may be cited. Begin the reference with the authors or editors and title of the individual volume; cite the overall set of volumes as a series.

For example, each volume in the following publication has its own editors, who are not the editors of the publication as a whole:

• Bellack AS, Hersen M, editors. Comprehensive clinical psychology. Amsterdam (Netherlands): Elsevier Science; 1998. 11 vols.

To cite one volume only of this multivolume set:

• Ollendick T, editor. Children & adolescents: clinical formulation and treatment. Amsterdam (Netherlands): Elsevier Science; 1998. 723 p. (Bellack AS, Hersen M, editors. Comprehensive clinical psychology; vol. 5).

Multivolume sets are bound alike with an essentially identical appearance and have one publisher. The volumes in them are considered primarily as a part of the set and often, but not always, have the same date of publication or are published over a short span of years. This is in contrast to large open series such as Methods in Enzymology and Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences which have published hundreds of volumes over decades. Such large series may be cited as journals (see Chapter 1 ), as NLM does in PubMed, but individual volumes may also be cited as part of the series.

Each volume in a multivolume set may have two title pages, one for the set and one for the individual volume. Use these title pages or their verso (back) for authoritative information to use in a citation. See also Chapter 2A for further details on the components of books.

Continue to Citation Rules with Examples for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors .

Continue to Examples of Citations to Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors .

• Citation Rules with Examples for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors

Author/Editor (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title (R) | Type of Medium (R) | Edition (R) | Editor and other Secondary Authors (O) | Place of Publication (R) | Publisher (R) | Date of Publication (R) | Pagination (O) | Physical Description (O) | Series (O) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

Author/Editor for the Volume (required)

1. standard volume with a separate title and separate authors/editors for each volume, 2. volume with optional full first names for editors, 3. volume editor/series editor with designation of family rank, 4. volume with author(s), not editor(s), author affiliation for the volume (optional), 5. volume with author/editor affiliation, title for the volume (required).

• Enter the title of a volume as it appears in the original document, in the original language
• End a title with a period unless a question mark or exclamation point already ends it

6. Volume title with special characters

7. volume not in english, 8. volume published in multiple languages, 9. volume published with equal text in two or more languages, type of medium for the volume (required), edition for the volume (required).

• Indicate the edition/version being cited after the title when a volume is published in more than one edition or version

10. Volume with edition

Editor and other secondary authors for the volume (optional).

• Place the names of secondary authors after the title, following any Type of Medium or Edition statement

11. Volume with secondary author(s)

Place of publication for the volume (required).

• Place is defined as the city where the volume was published

12. Volume with well-known place of publication

13. volume with geographic qualifier added to place of publication for clarity, publisher for the volume (required).

• A publisher is defined as the individual or organization issuing the volume

14. Volume with government agency as publisher

15. volume with unknown publisher, date of publication for the volume (required), 16. volume with date of publication, 17. volume with date of copyright instead of date of publication, 18. volume with estimated date of publication, pagination for the volume (optional).

• For volumes published in more than one physical book, cite the total number of volumes instead of the number of pages, such as 4 vol.
• Volume in a set continuously paginated
• No numbers appear on the pages of the volume

Volume in a set continuously paginated.

No numbers appear on the pages of the volume.

19. Volume in more than one physical volume

20. volume with standard pagination, 21. volume in a set continuously paginated, physical description for the volume (optional).

• Give information on the physical characteristics if a volume is published in a microform (microfilm, microfiche, etc.), such as 3 microfiche: black & white, 2 x 4 in. Such information helps the reader select the appropriate equipment with which to view the microform.

Series for the Volume (optional)

Non-English names for volume.

22. Volume in a series with multiple editors

23. volume with optional full names for series editors, 24. volume without an editor for the series, 25. volume with series title having a subtitle, 26. volume with series title published with equal text in two or more languages, 27. volume with other name for series number than volume, 28. volume without a series number, language for the volume (required).

• Volumes appearing in more than one language

Volumes appearing in more than one language.

Notes for the Volume (optional)

Volume accompanied by a videocassette, CD-ROM, DVD, etc.

• Volume with an ISBN

Volume with an ISBN.

29. Volume with accompaniment

30. volume with an isbn, 31. other types of notes.

• Examples of Citations to Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Author/Editors

Bays RA, Quinn PD, editors. Temporomandibular disorders. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; c2000. 426 p. (Fonseca RJ, editor. Oral and maxillofacial surgery; vol. 4).

Frank RG, Baum A, Wallander JL, editors. Models and perspectives in health psychology. Washington: American Psychological Association; c2004. 641 p. (Boll TJ, editor. Handbook of clinical health psychology; vol. 3).

Stephens D, editor. Adult audiology. Oxford (UK): Butterworth-Heinemann; c1997. 657 p. (Kerr AG, editor. Scott-Brown's otolaryngology; vol. 2).

Gottsch, John D.; Stark, Walter J.; Goldberg, Morton F., editors. Ophthalmic surgery. 5th ed. London: Arnold; c1999. 506 p. (Carter, David C.; Russell, R.C.; Pitt, Henry A., editors. Operative surgery; vol. 6).

Mishell DR Jr, editor. Reproductive endocrinology. Philadelphia: Appleton & Lange; c1999. (Stenshever MA, editor. Atlas of clinical gynecology; vol. 3).

Guyuron B, editor. Aesthetic surgery. Kanasz J, illustrator. St. Louis (MO): Mosby; c2000. p. 2427-887. (Achauer BM, Eriksson E, Guyuron B, Coleman JJ 3rd, Russell RC, Vander Kolk CA, editors. Plastic surgery: indications, operations, and outcomes; vol. 5).

Reichart PA, Philipson HP. Oral pathology. Hassel T, translator; Hormann J, illustrator. Stuttgart (Germany): Thieme; 2000. 285 p. (Rateitschak KH, Wolf HF, editors. Color atlas of dental medicine).

Pott S. Medizin, Medizinethik und schone Literatur. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter; 2002. 284 p. (Sakularisierung in den Wissenschaften seit der Fruhen Neuzeit; bd. 3). German.

Schachat AP (Johns Hopkins University and Hospital, Baltimore, MD), editor. Medical retina. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; c2006. p. 873-1889. (Ryan SJ, editor. Retina; vol. 2).

Poppas D (New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY), Retik AB, editors. Pediatric urology. Philadelphia: Current Medicine, Inc.; c2003. 182 p. (Vaughan ED Jr, Perlmutter AP, editors. Atlas of clinical urology; vol. 4).

Reichart PA (Zentrum fur Zahnmedizin Charite, Berlin, Germany), Philipson HP (San Pedro de Alcantara, Spain). Oral pathology. Hassel T, translator; Hormann J, illustrator. Stuttgart (Germany): Thieme; 2000. 285 p. (Rateitschak KH, Wolf HF, editors. Color atlas of dental medicine).

Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, editors. The proteobacteria . Part C, The alpha -, beta -, delta -, and epsilonproteobacteria . 2nd ed. New York: Springer; c2005. 1388 p. (Garrity GM, editor. Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology; vol. 2, pt. C).

Stoopen ME, Kimura K, Ros PR, editors. Abdomen: higado, bazo, vias biliares, pancreas y peritoneo. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998. 415 p. (Taveras JM, Cardoso JM, editors. Radiologia e imagen diagnostica y terapeutica; t. 2). Spanish.

Kastenbauer E, editor. Nase, Nasennebenhohlen, Gesicht, Mundhohle und Pharynx, Kopfspeicheldrusen. Stuttgart (Germany): George Thieme Verlag; 1992. 823 p. (Naumann HH, Helms J, Herberhold C, Kastenbauer, editors. Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie in Klinik und Praxis; bd. 2). German.

Stoopen ME, Kimura K, Ros PR, editors. Abdomen: higado, bazo, vias biliares, pancreas y peritoneo [Abdomen: liver, spleen, bile ducts, pancreas and peritoneum]. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998. 415 p. (Taveras JM, Cardoso JM, editors. Radiologia e imagen diagnostica y terapeutica; t. 2 [Radiology and diagnostic and therapeutic imaging; vol. 2]). Spanish.

Toomingas A, editor. Yttre arbetsmiljofaktorer som halsorisker bland halso- och sjukvardspersonal. Copenhagen: Nordisk Ministerrad; 1994. 195 p. (Halsovardens arbetsmiljo i Norden; d. 2). Swedish, Norwegian, Danish.

Toomingas A, Pettersen RB, Lindstrom K, Bach E, editors. Yttre arbetsmiljofaktorer som halsorisker bland halso- och sjukvardspersonal [Health risks in the work environment of health care personnel]. Copenhagen: Nordisk Ministerrad; 1994. 195 p. (Halsovardens arbetsmiljo i Norden [The work and health of health care personnel in the Nordic countries]; d. 2). Swedish, Norwegian, Danish.

Klunker W. Sleep, dreams, sexuality = Sommeil, reves, sexualite = Schlaf, Traume, Sexualitit. 3rd improved ed. Schmidt P, Baur J, translators. Heidelberg (Germany): Karl F. Haug Verlag; 1987. 611 p. (Barthel H, editor. Synthetic repertory: psychic and general symptoms of the homeopathic materia medica = Repertoire synthetique: symptomes psychiques et generaux de la matiere medicale homeopathique = Synthetisches Reportorium: Gemuts- und Allgemeinsymptome der homoopathischen Materia hedica; vol. 3). English. French, German.

Kaufmann SH, Steward MW, editors. Immunology. 10th ed. London: Hodder Arnold; c2005. 1033 p. (Topley and Wilson's microbiology & microbial infections; vol. 7).

Freedman DX, Dyrud JE, editors. Treatment. 2nd ed. New York: Basic Books; c1975. 1009 p. (Arieti S, editor. American handbook of psychiatry; vol. 5).

Klunker W. Sleep, dreams, sexuality = Sommeil, reves, sexualite = Schlaf, Traume, Sexualitit. 3rd improved ed. Schmidt P, Baur J, translators. Heidelberg (Germany): Karl F. Haug Verlag; 1987. 611 p. (Barthel H, editor. Synthetic repertory: psychic and general symptoms of the homeopathic materia medica = Repertoire synthetique: symptomes psychiques et generaux de la matiere medicale homeopathique = Synthetisches Reportorium: Gemuts- und Allgemeinsymptome der homoopathischen Materia medica; vol. 3). English. French, German.

Reves JG, editor. Cardiothoracic anesthesia. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; c1999. (Miller RD, editor. Atlas of anesthesia; vol.8).

Moss J, Iglewski B, Vaughan M, Tu AT, editors. Bacterial toxins and virulence factors in disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.; c1995. 627 p. (Tu AT, editor. Handbook of natural toxins; vol. 8).

Goldstein RE, Haywood VB, editors. Esthetic problems of individual teeth, missing teeth, malocclusion, special populations. 2nd ed. London: BC Dekker, Inc.; 2002. p. 473-884. (Goldstein RE, editor. Esthetics in dentistry; vol. 2).

Borman WC, Ilgen DR, Klimoski RJ, editors. Industrial and organizational psychology. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; c2003. 649 p. (Weiner IB, editor. Handbook of psychology; vol. 12).

Gross AM, Drabman RS, editors. Child clinical applications. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications; c2005. p. 653-1118. (Hersen M, editor. Encyclopedia of behavior modification and cognitive behavior therapy; vol. 2).

Sudarshan SR, editor. Diseases and their causes. Taredo (India): Popular Prakashan; 2005. 319 p. (Encyclopaedia of Indian medicine; vol. 6).

Adams DA, Cinnamond MJ, editors. Paediatric otolaryngology. Oxford (UK): Butterworth Heinemann; c1997. (Kerr AG, editor. Scott-Brown's otolaryngology; vol. 6).

Jones FD, Sparacino LR, Wilcox VL, Rothberg JM, Stokes JW, editors. War psychiatry. Falls Church (VA): Department of the Army (US), Office of the Surgeon General; 1995. 508 p. (Lounsbury DE, editor. Textbooks of military medicine).

Alizai S, Zia A. [Chanesar Goth and Landhi]. Islamabad (Pakistan): [publisher unknown]; [1993?]. 53 p. (Gender differentials in access to health care for Pakistani children; vol. 3). Study conducted for Unicef in November 1990.

Belar CD, editor. Sociocultural and individual differences. New York: Pergamon; 1998. 384 p. (Bellack AS, Hersen M, editors. Comprehensive clinical psychology; vol. 10).

Renninger KA, Sigel IE, editors. Child psychology in practice. 6th ed. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; c2006. 1073 p. (Damon W, Lerner RM, editors. Handbook of child psychology; vol. 4).

Wilcox CS, editor. Hypertension and the kidney. Philadelphia: Current Medicine, Inc.; c1999. (Schrier RW, editor. Atlas of diseases of the kidney; vol. 3).

Alizai S, Zia A. [Chanesar Goth and Landhi]. Islamabad (Pakistan): [publisher unknown]; [1993?]. 53 p. (Gender differentials in access to health care for Pakistani children; vol. 3).

Page E, Fozzard HA, Solaro RJ, editors. The cardiovascular system. Vol. 1, The heart. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 2002. 822 p. (Handbook of physiology; Sect. 2).

Harrison SI, Eth S, editors. Clinical assessment and intervention planning. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; c1998. 832 p. (Noshpitz JD, editor. Handbook of child and adolescent psychiatry; vol. 5).

Porter TM, Ross D, editors. The modern social sciences. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press; c2003. 762 p. (Lindberg DC, Numbers RL, editors. Cambridge history of science; vol. 7).

Ammerman RT, editor. Child psychopathology. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; c2006. 493 p. (Hersen M, Thomas JC, editors. Comprehensive handbook of personality and psychopathology; vol. 3).

Klunker W. Sleep, dreams, sexuality = Sommeil, reves, sexualite = Schlaf, Traume, Sexualitit. 3rd improved ed. Schmidt P, Baur J, translators. Heidelberg (Germany): Karl F. Haug Verlag; 1987. 611 p. (Barthel H, editor. Synthetic repertory: psychic and general symptoms of the homeopathic materia medica = Repertoire synthetique: symptomes psychiques et generaux de la matiere medicale homeopathique = Synthetisches Reportorium: Gemuts- und Allgemeinsymptome der Homoopathischen Materia Medica; vol. 3). English. French, German.

Hoffman JH, Jamieson JD, editors. Cell physiology. New York: Oxford; 1997. 960 p. (Handbook of physiology; Sect. 14).

Goldstein RE, Haywood VB, editors. Esthetic problems of individual teeth, missing teeth, malocclusion, special populations. 2nd ed. London: BC Dekker, Inc.; 2002. p. 473-884. (Goldstein RE, editor. Esthetics in dentistry; vol. 2). Accompanied by: 1 CD-ROM.

Bays RA, Quinn PD, editors. Temporomandibular disorders. Winn WM, illustrator. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; c2000. 426 p. (Fonseca RJ, editor. Oral and maxillofacial surgery; vol. 4). ISBN: 9780721696355.

Jones FD, Sparacino LR, Wilcox VL, Rothberg JM, Stokes JW, editors. War psychiatry. Falls Church (VA): Department of the Army (US), Office of the Surgeon General; 1995. 508 p. (Lounsbury DE, editor. Textbooks of military medicine). Available from: US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; D 104.35:PT.1/V.4.

Sudarshan SR, editor. Diseases and their causes. Taredo (India): Popular Prakashan; 2005. 319 p. (Encyclopaedia of Indian medicine; vol. 6). Located at: National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD; WZ 13 E56 1985.

Alizai S, Zia A. [Chanesar Goth and Landhi]. Islamabad (Pakistan): [publisher unknown]; [1993?]. 53 p. (Gender differentials in access to health care for Pakistani children; vol. 3). Study conducted for UNICEF in November 1990.

• C. Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Parts of Books

The general format for a reference to a part of a book, including pagination:

• Examples of Citations to Parts of Books

Rather than citing a book as a whole, separately identified portions of a book may be cited. Chapters, sections, tables, charts, graphs, photographs, appendixes, and the like are considered parts of books when they are written or compiled by the authors of the book. They are contributions when the book has an overall editor or editors and the individual chapters or other components in the book are written by various authors, usually called contributors.

In general, most modern texts have standardized to three types of parts: figures, tables, and appendixes. However, other names may be found for parts, including section, chart, graph, box, and photograph.

Because a reference should start with the individual or organization with responsibility for the intellectual content of the publication:

• Begin a reference to a part of a book with the book itself, then follow it with information about the part.
• Begin a reference to a contribution with information about the contribution, followed by the word "In:" and information about the book itself. See Chapter 2D Contributions to Books for details.
• For instructions on citing one volume of a book published in multiple volumes, see Chapter 2B Individual Volumes of Books ( Chapter 2B(1) Individual Volumes With a Separate Title but Without Separate Authors/Editors or Chapter 2B(2) Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors ).

Medical texts frequently contain charts, figures, and other illustrative material that have been reproduced with permission from other sources. Do not cite these as parts using the instructions presented here. Consult the original publication and cite the particular item from there.

Continue to Citation Rules with Examples for Parts of Books .

Continue to Examples of Citations to Parts of Books .

• Citation Rules with Examples for Parts of Books

Book (R) | Name and Number/Letter (R) | Title (R) | Location (Pagination) (R) | Language (R)

• Cite the book according to Chapter 2A Entire Books but omit the Pagination

Name and Number/Letter of the Part of a Book (required)

General rules for name and number/letter.

• Enter the name of the part as it appears in the book
• Capitalize the name, such as Chapter, Table, Figure, or Appendix
• Do not abbreviate names. For example, convert Fig. to Figure.
• Follow the name with any accompanying number or letter, such as Chapter 12, Table 2, Figure 3.1, or Appendix A
• End name and number/letter information with a comma and a space

Specific Rules for Name and Number/Letter

• Non-English names for parts
• No letter or number follows the name
• No name appears

Non-English names for parts.

No letter or number follows the name.

No name appears.

Examples for Name and Number/Letter

1. standard chapter in a book, 2. chapter in a book with optional full first names of authors, 3. standard figure in a book with number, 4. figure in a book with a letter, 5. figure in a book without a number or letter, 6. figure in a book without a number with name implied, 8. standard table in a book with a number, 9. table in a book with a letter, 10. table in a book without a number or letter, 11. table in a book without a number or letter with name implied, 12. standard appendix in a book with a number, 13. appendix in a book with a letter, 14. appendix in a book without a number or letter, 15. appendix in a book with name implied, 17. other named parts in a book with numbers, 18. other named parts in a book with letters, 19. other parts in a book with numbers with name implied, 20. other parts in a book without numbers or letters with name implied, 22. dictionary entry, unsigned, 23. encyclopedia article, unsigned, 27. parts of non-english books, title of the part of a book (required).

• Enter the title of the part as it appears in the book
• Use a colon followed by a space to separate a title from a subtitle unless some other form of punctuation (such as a question mark, period, or an exclamation point) is already present
• Follow non-English titles with a translation when possible; place the translation in square brackets
• End title information with a semicolon and a space
• Titles for parts not in English
• Titles for parts in more than one language
• Titles for parts containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special character
• No title appears

Titles for parts not in English.

Titles for parts in more than one language.

Titles for parts containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special character.

No title appears.

7. Figure in a book with a constructed title

16. appendix in a book with a constructed title, 24. part in a book with greek letters or other special symbols in the title, 25. part in a book with superscripts or subscripts in the title, location (pagination) of the part of a book (required), general rules for location (pagination).

• Begin location with "p." followed by a space
• Enter the page number or numbers on which the part appears. Examples: p. 438 and p. 663-4
• Do not repeat page numbers unless they are followed by a letter. For example: 126-127 becomes p. 126-7, but p. 126A-127A is correct.
• Include a letter (often S for Supplement or A for Appendix) when it precedes the page number. For example: p. S10-8.
• End location information with a period

Specific Rules for Location (Pagination)

• Part paginated separately
• No page numbers appear on the part

Part paginated separately.

No page numbers appear on the part.

Examples for Location (Pagination)

26. part in a book with unusual pagination or no pagination, language of the part of a book (required).

Riffenburgh RH. Statistics in medicine. 2nd ed. Amsterdam (Netherlands): Elsevier Academic Press; c2006. Chapter 24, Regression and correlation methods; p. 447-86.

Reed JG, Baxter PM. Library use: handbook for psychology. 3rd ed. Washington: American Psychological Association; c2003. Chapter 2, Selecting and defining the topic; p. 11-25.

Goldstein RE. Esthetics in dentistry. 2nd ed. Vol. 1, Principles, communications, treatment methods. Hamilton (ON): B.C. Decker; c1998. Chapter 13, Composite resin bonding; p. 277-338.

Speroff, Leon; Fritz, Marc A. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2005. Chapter 29, Endometriosis; p. 1103-33.

Lashley FR. Clinical genetics in nursing practice. 3rd ed. New York: Springer Publishing Company; c2005. Figure 2.5, Meiosis with two autosomal chromosome pairs; p. 27-8.

Thibodeau GA, Patton KT. Anatomy & physiology. 5th ed. St. Louis (MO): Mosby; c2003. Figure 6-13, Onycholysis; p. 179.

Munro BH. Statistical methods for health care research. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2005. Exercise figure 14-1, Factor analysis of IPA items; p. 347.

Lancaster FW, Joncich MJ. The measure and evaluation of library services. Washington: Information Resources Press; c1977. Figure 9, Questionnaire used in U.K. catalog use study; p. 47-50.

Nielsen-Bohlman L, Panzer AM, Kindig DA, editors. Health literacy: a prescription to end confusion. Washington: National Academies Press; c2004. Figure B-2, Improving chronic disease care: a framework based on health literacy and related research; p. 271.

Wood AF, Smith MJ. Online communication: linking technology, identity, and culture. Mahwah (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; c2001. Figure A.1, Linear versus hypertext; p. 204.

Eroschenko VP. Di Fiore's atlas of histology with functional correlations. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2005. Overview figure, Comparison (transverse sections) of a muscular artery, large vein, and the three types of capillaries; p. 152.

American health: demographics and spending of health care consumers. Ithaca (NY): New Strategist Publications, Inc.; c2005. [Figure], Percent distribution of visits to emergency rooms by urgency of problem, 2002; p. 383.

Grundy F, Grundy PF. Community health and social services: an introduction for medical undergraduates, health visitors, social workers and midwives. London: H.K. Lewis & Co. Ltd.; 1974. Figure 4, [Map of County Councils and District Councils in Wales]; p. 24.

Larone DH. Medically important fungi: a guide to identification. 4th ed. Washington: ASM Press; c2002. Table 15, Characteristics of some of the "black yeasts"; p. 200.

American health: demographics and spending of health care consumers. Ithaca (NY): New Strategist Publications, Inc.; c2005. Table 11.19, Percent distribution of hospital discharges by diagnosis and age, 2002; p. 395-6.

Burant CF. Medical management of type 2 diabetes. 5th ed. Alexandria (VA): American Diabetes Association; c2004. Table 3.12, Sample regimens for achieving glycemic control; p. 68.

Moore KL, Persaud TV. The developing human: clinically oriented embryology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; c2003. Table 6-1, Criteria for estimating fertilization age during the fetal period; p.103.

Nielsen-Bohlman L, Panzer AM, Kindig DA, editors. Health literacy: a prescription to end confusion. Washington: National Academies Press; c2004. Table B-7, Percentage of adult population groups with literacy skills at NALS levels 1 or 2; p. 294.

Pennington JA, Douglas JS. Bowes & Church's food values of portions commonly used. 18th ed. Baltimore (MD): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2005. Supplementary tables: Fatty acids; p. 331-7.

Lide DR, editor. CRC handbook of chemistry and physics: a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data. 86th ed. Boca Raton (FL): Taylor & Francis; 2005. [Table], Vapor pressure of fluids at temperatures below 300 K; p. 6–84-6–91.

Mosley AD, Romaine DS. The encyclopedia of Parkinson's disease. New York: Facts on File; c2004. [Table], Hoehn and Yahr stage scale for Parkinson's disease; p. 158.

Finberg L, Kravath RE, Hellerstein S, Saenger P. Water and electrolytes in pediatrics: physiology, pathology, and treatment. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; c1993. Appendix 2, Time line; p. 267-70.

Zuber TJ, Mayeaux EJ. Atlas of primary care procedures. Jackelow WB, Gast P, Duprey LP, illustrators. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2004. Appendix H, Skin preparation recommendations; p. 596.

Moore KL, Persaud TV. The developing human: clinically oriented embryology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; c2003. Appendix, Timetable of human prenatal development 1 to 6 weeks; p. 516-7.

Reed JG, Baxter PM. Library use: handbook for psychology. 3rd ed. Washington: American Psychological Association; c2003. Appendix, Brief guide to literature searching; p. 145-7.

University of Cape Town, Medical School, Department of Pharmacology. South African medicines formulary. 4th ed. Pinelands (South Africa): Medical Association of South Africa; c1997. [Appendix], Adverse drug event and product quality problem report form; [following p. 510.].

Blumenthal M, Hall T, Goldberg A, Kunz T, Dinda D, editors. The ABC clinical guide to herbs. Austin (TX): American Botanical Council; 2003. [Appendix], Post test; p. 425-30.

Woelfel JB, Scheid RC. Dental anatomy: its relevance to dentistry. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2002. Appendix, [Drawings of permanent and primary teeth which are labeled (with letters) to highlight features of each tooth]; Appendix page 1-10.

Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC. Textbook of veterinary medicine: diseases of the dog and cat. 6th ed. St. Louis (MO): Elsevier Saunders; c2005. Section 7, Dietary considerations of systemic problems; p. 553-98.

Berman A, Snyder S, Kozier B, Erb G. Kozier and Erb's techniques in clinical nursing. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River (NJ): Prentice Hall; c2002. Unit 3, Mobility and safety; p. 173-257.

Thibodeau GA, Patton KT. Anatomy & physiology. 5th ed. St. Louis (MO): Mosby; c2003. Box 10-1, Sports and fitness: assessing muscle strength; p. 283.

Timby BK. Fundamental skills and concepts in patient care. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2005. Skill 16-4, Giving oral care to unconscious patients; p. 332-4.

Katz DL. Nutrition in clinical practice: a comprehensive, evidence-based manual for the practitioner. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2001. Part B, Dietary management in clinical practice: diet and exercise; p. 35-194.

Chapman CB. Dartmouth medical school: the first 100 years. Hanover (NH): University Press of New England; 1973. [Photograph] 8, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Professor of Anatomy and Physiology from 1838 to 1841; p. 31.

Gillmer M, Gordon D, Sever P, Steer P. 100 cases for students of medicine: medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology. Edinburgh (Scotland): Churchill Livingstone; 1979. [Case] 26, [Two patients were admitted complaining of difficulty in swallowing]; p. 71-2.

American Medical Association. American Medical Association family medical guide. 4th ed., completely rev. and updated. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons; c2004. [Chart], Impaired memory: difficulty remembering specific facts, events, or periods of time; p. 236.

21. Unnamed parts in a book without numbers or letters

Riffenburgh RH. Statistics in medicine. 2nd ed. Amsterdam (Netherlands): Elsevier Academic Press; c2006. Data and calculations required for a life table; p. 146.

Larone DH. Medically important fungi: a guide to identification. 4th ed. Washington: ASM Press; c2002. Malassezia furfur ; p. 136.

Pagana KD, Pagana TJ. Mosby's manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests. 2nd ed. St. Louis (MO): Mosby; c2002. Sialography; p. 1029-30.

United States Pharmacopeial Convention. The United States pharmacopeia. The national formulary. USP 32nd rev., NF 27th ed. Vol 2. Rockville (MD): The Convention; 2009. Doxycycline capsules; p. 2211-2.

Physicians' desk reference: PDR. 63rd ed. Montvale (NJ): Thomson Reuters; c2008. Wellbutrin XL; p. 1659-66.

Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary. 30th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; c2003. Encephalomalacia; p. 609.

Turkington C, Tzeel A. The encyclopedia of children's health and wellness. New York: Facts on File, Inc.; c2004. Papilloma virus, human (HPV); p. 381-3.

The Merck index: an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals. 13th ed. Whitehouse Station (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc.; 2001. α-Bisabolol; p. 212.

The Merck index: an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals. 13th ed. Whitehouse Station (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc.; 2001. alpha-Bisabolol; p. 212.

Kahl G. The dictionary of gene technology: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics. 3rd ed. Weinheim (Germany): Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; c2004. Melting temperature (T m , t m , t 1/2m ; melting point); p. 639-40.

Kahl G. The dictionary of gene technology: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics. 3rd ed. Weinheim (Germany): Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; c2004. Melting temperature (T(m), t(m), t(1/2m); melting point); p. 639.

Owens RE. Language disorders: a functional approach to assessment and intervention. 4th ed. Boston: Pearson; c2004. Appendix D, Language tests for children with LEP and different dialects; p. A15-25.

Shingleton HM, Orr JW Jr. Cancer of the cervix. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company; c1995. Color figure 7-7, Excised uterus with wide vaginal cuff and parauterine tissues; [preceding p. 1].

University of Cape Town, Medical School, Department of Pharmacology. South African medicines formulary. 4th ed. Pinelands (South Africa): Medical Association of South Africa; c1997. [Appendix], Adverse drug event and product quality problem report form; [following p. 510].

Tappan FM, Benjamin PJ. Tappan's handbook of healing massage techniques: classic, holistic, and emerging methods. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River (NJ): Pearson/Prentice Hall; c2005. [Figure], Energy channels of traditional Asian medicine; [inside back cover and facing page].

Tischendorf FW. Blickdiagnostik: Compactatlas der klinischen Inspektion und Differenzialdiagnostik. 3., vollstandig uberarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Stuttgart (Germany): Schattauer; c2005. Abbildung 15, β-Thalassaemia minor; p. 9. German.

Fleta Zaragozano J. Enfremedades importadas en pediatria. Zaragoza (Spain): Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza; 2001. Tabla 10, Etiologia de la esplenomegalia secundaria a procesos infecciosos; p. 109. Spanish.

Bercherie P. Lacan. Paris: L'Harmattan; 2004. Chapitre 4, Le virage de la jouissance; p. 91-102. French.

Corea Fonseca E. Historia de la medicina en Nicaragua. Managua (Nicaragua): [publisher unknown]; 2000 Dec. Anexo, Creacion de las especialidades medicas; p. 275-81. Spanish.

Basdekis JC. L'alimentation des personnes agees: et la prevention de la denutrition. Paris: ESTEM; c2004. Tableau 5, Principaux marqueurs biologiques de l'etat nutritionnel; p. 33. French.

Basdekis JC. L'alimentation des personnes agees: et la prevention de la denutrition [Nutrition in older people: and the prevention of malnutrition]. Paris: ESTEM; c2004. Tableau 5, Principaux marqueurs biologiques de l'etat nutritionnel [Table 5, Principal biological markers of nutritional state]; p. 33. French.

• D. Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Contributions to Books

The general format for a reference to a contribution to a book, including punctuation:

• Examples of Citations to Contributions to Books

Contributions are found when a book has an overall editor or editors and the individual chapters or other components of the book are written by various authors, usually called contributors. One or all of the editors may also be contributing authors. Because a reference should start with the individual or organization responsible for the intellectual content of the publication, begin a reference to a contribution with the author and title of the contribution, followed by the word "In:" and information about the entire book.

Medical texts frequently contain charts, figures, and other illustrative material that have been reproduced with permission from other sources. Do not cite these as contributions using the instructions presented here. Consult the original publication and cite the chart or other item from there.

Continue to Citation Rules with Examples for Contributions to Books .

Continue to Examples of Citations to Contributions to Books .

• Citation Rules with Examples for Contributions to Books

Author/Editor (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title (R) | Connective Phrase (R) | Book Information (R) | Location (Pagination) (R) | Part (R)

Author/Editor of a Contribution to a Book (required)

• Enter surname (family or last name) first for each author
• Capitalize names and enter spaces within surnames as they appear in the document cited on the assumption that the author approved the form used. For example: Van Der Horn or van der Horn; De Wolf or de Wolf or DeWolf.
• Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials, for a maximum of two initials following each surname
• If there are no authors, only editors, follow the last named editor with a comma and the word editor or editors
• Organizations as author

Organizations as author.

1. Standard reference to a contributed chapter

2. contributed chapter with optional full first names for authors and editors, 3. contributed chapter authors with a family designation following their names, 4. contributed chapter author names with a particle, prefix, or preposition, 5. contributed chapter authors with compound last names, 6. contributed section with editor(s), 7. signed encyclopedia article, author affiliation for a contribution to a book (optional).

• Use commas to separate parts of the affiliation
• Place the affiliation in parentheses, such as (Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA)
• Follow the affiliation with a comma placed outside the closing parenthesis, unless it is the affiliation of the last author, then use a period

8. Contributed chapter with author address included

Title of a contribution to a book (required).

• Enter the title of the chapter or other contribution as it appears in the original document, in the original language

9. Contributed chapter with a title beginning with a lower-case letter or containing a special symbol or character

10. contributed chapter with a non-english title, connective phrase for a contribution to a book (required), general rules for connective phrase.

• Place a space and the word "In" after the title of the contribution
• Follow "In" with a colon and a space

Examples for Connective Phrase

Book information (required), general rules for book information.

• Cite the book in which the contribution appears according to Chapter 2A Entire Books but omit the Pagination

Examples for Book Information

12. contributed chapter in a book with translators or illustrators, 13. contributed chapter in a book with an edition statement, 14. contributed chapter in a book with subordinate division to the publisher, 15. contributed chapter in a book that is part of a series, 16. contributed chapter in one volume of a multivolume book, location (pagination) for a contribution to a book (required).

• Enter the page number or numbers on which the contribution appears. Examples: p. 438 and p. 663-4
• End page information with a period
• No page numbers appear on the pages of the contribution
• Optional chapter number

No page numbers appear on the pages of the contribution.

Optional chapter number.

11. Contributed chapter with an optional chapter number instead of pagination

Part of a contribution to a book (required), general rules for a part of a contribution.

• Cite a part of a contribution, such as a table or figure, according to Chapter 2A Entire Books

Examples for a Part of a Contribution

17. part of a contributed chapter, 18. part of a contributed chapter in one volume of a multivolume book.

Whiteside TL, Heberman RB. Effectors of immunity and rationale for immunotherapy. In: Kufe DW, Pollock RE, Weichselbaum RR, Bast RC Jr, Gansler TS, Holland JF, Frei E 3rd, editors. Cancer medicine 6. Hamilton (ON): BC Decker Inc; 2003. p. 221-8.

Rojko JL, Hardy WD Jr. Feline leukemia virus and other retroviruses. In: Sherding RG, editor. The cat: diseases and clinical management. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1989. p. 229-332.

Kone BC. Metabolic basis of solute transport. In: Brenner BM, Rector FC, editors. Brenner and Rector’s the kidney. 8th ed. Vol. 1. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; c2008. p. 130-55.

Erin, Jane N.; Fazzi, Diane L.; Gordon, Robert L.; Isenberg, Sherwin J.; Paysse, Evelyn A. Vision focus: understanding the medical and functional implications of vision loss. In: Pogrund, Rona L.; Fazzi, Diane L., editors. Early focus: working with young children who are blind or visually impaired and their families. 2nd ed. New York: AFB Press; c2002. p. 52-106.

Buckenmaier CC 3rd. Austere environment anesthesia. In: Steele SM, Nielsen KC, Klein SM, editors. Ambulatory anesthesia and perioperative analgesia. New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Publications Division; c2005. p. 357-70.

Otado JA, Akukwe C, Collins JW Jr. Disparate African American and white infant mortality rates in the United States. In: Livingston IL, editor. Praeger handbook of Black American health: policies and issues behind disparities in health. 2nd ed. Westport (CT): Praeger; 2004. p. 355-68.

de Mattiello ML, Maneiro M, Buglione S. Sensitivity to movement of configurations of achromatic and chromatic points in amblyopic patients. In: Mellon JD, Pokorny J, Knoblauch K, editors. Normal and defective colour vision. New York: Oxford University Press; 2003. p. 154-9.

O'Connell MA, Jewell DM. Human resources management in group practice. In: Wolper LF, editor. Physician practice management: essential operational and financial knowledge. Sudbury (MA): Jones Bartlett Publishers; c2005. p. 139-70.

von Campenhausen C, Schramme J. Some properties of the physiological colour system. In: Mellon JD, Pokorny J, Knoblauch K, editors. Normal and defective colour vision. New York: Oxford University Press; 2003. p. 288-98.

Von Hoff DD, Hanauske AR. Preclinical and early clinical development of new anticancer agents. In: Kufe DW, Bast RC Jr, Hait WN, Hong WK, Pollock RE, Weichselbaum RR, Holland JF, Frei E 3rd, editors. Holland-Frei cancer medicine 7. 7th ed. Hamilton (ON): BC Decker Inc; 2006. p. 600-16.

Al-Ibrahim MS, Gross JY. Tobacco use. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical methods: the history, physical, and laboratory examinations. Stoneham (MA): Butterworth Publishers; c1990. p. 214-6.

Le Rohellec J, Brettel H, Vienot F. Contribution of achromatic and chromatic contrast signals to Fechner-Benham subjective colours. In: Mellon JD, Pokorny J, Knoblauch K, editors. Normal and defective colour vision. New York: Oxford University Press; 2003. p. 145-53.

Hill-Tout J. Four nations delivering a National Health Service. In: Rawlins M, Littlejohns P, editors. Delivering quality in the NHS, 2004. Oxford (United Kingdom): Radcliffe Medical Press; c2004. p. 58-60.

Caldas de Castro M, Yamagata Y, Mtasiwa D, Tanner M, Utzinger J, Keiser J, Singer BH. Integrated urban malaria control: a case study in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. In: Breman JG, Alilio MS, Mills A, editors. The intolerable burden of malaria: II. What's new, what's needed. Cleveland (OH): The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; c2004. p. 103-17.

Johnson D, Ellis H, Collins P, editors. Pectoral girdle and upper limb. In: Standring S, editor. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. 29th ed. Edinburgh (Scotland): Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005. p. 799-942.

Robinson A, Fridovich-Keil JL, Fridovich I. The principles of genetics and heredity. In: The new encyclopaedia Brittanica. 15th ed. Vol. 19. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Brittanica, Inc.; c2002. p. 699-740.

Hazeltine WA. AIDS. In: The encyclopedia Americana. International ed. Vol. 1. Danbury (CT): Grolier Incorporated; 1990. p. 365-6.

for all authors

Maisto SA (Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY), McKay JR (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA), Tiffany ST (Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN). Diagnosis. In: Allen JP, Wilson VB, editors. Assessing alcohol problems: a guide for clinicians and researchers. 2nd ed. Bethesda (MD): National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (US); 2003. p. 55-73.

for only the first author

Cohen AH (Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA), Nast CC. Renal injury caused by human immunodeficiency virus infection. In: Jennette JC, Olson JL, Schwartz MM, Silva FG, editors. Hepinstall's pathology of the kidney. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; c1998. p. 785-810.

Brooks M. von Willebrand disease. In: Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC, editors. Schalm's veterinary hematology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2000. p. 509-15.

Bush K. Other β-lactam antibiotics. In: Finch RG, Greenwood D, Norrby SR, Whitley RJ, editors. Antibiotic and chemotherapy: anti-infective agents and their use in therapy. 8th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2003. p. 259-78.

Bush K. Other beta-lactam antibiotics. In: Finch RG, Greenwood D, Norrby SR, Whitley RJ, editors. Antibiotic and chemotherapy: anti-infective agents and their use in therapy. 8th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2003. p. 259-78.

Menu Y. Imagerie des cancers du pancreas exocrine. In: Lledo G, editor. Le cancer du pancreas exocrine. Montrouge (France): Editions John Libbey Eurotext; c2004. p. 27-44. French.

Luis DA, Izaola O. Modificacion de la dieta durante las diferentes etapas de la vida. In: Aller de la Fuente R, Izaola Jauregui O, Gonzalez Martin J, de Luis Roman DA, de Luis Roman J, editors. Dietetica aplicada a la practica clinica. Valladolid (Spain): Universidad de Valladolid, Secretariado de Publicaciones e Intercambio Editorial; c2002. p. 35-51. Spanish.

Menu Y. Imagerie des cancers du pancreas exocrine [Images of cancer of the exocrine pancreas]. In: Lledo G, editor. Le cancer du pancreas exocrine [Cancer of the exocrine pancreas]. Montrouge (France): Editions John Libbey Eurotext; c2004. p. 27-44. French.

Simon D, Boring JR 3rd. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical methods: the history, physical, and laboratory examinations. Stoneham (MA): Butterworth Publishers; c1990. Chapter 6.

Whiteside TL, Heberman RB. Effectors of immunity and rationale for immunotherapy. In: Kufe DW, Pollock RE, Weichselbaum RR, Bast RC Jr, Gansler TS, Holland JF, Frei E 3rd, editors. Cancer medicine 6. 6th ed. Hamilton (ON): BC Decker Inc; 2003. Chapter 14.

Jackman DS, Willoughby JH. Odontogenic infections: anatomy and surgical management. In: Dym H, Ogle OE, editors. Atlas of minor oral surgery. Wettan HL, illustrator. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; c2001. p. 137-49.

Newton CW, Brown CE Jr. Geriatric endodontics. In: Cohen S, Burns RC, editors. Pathways of the pulp. 7th ed. Burns RC, illustrator. St. Louis: Mosby; 1998. p. 759-90.

Kiesewetter H, Jung F. Rheological therapy in peripheral arterial occlusion. In: Lawin P, Zander J, Weidler B, editors. Hydroxyethyl starch: a current overview. Ladak A, translator. Stuttgart (Germany): Georg Thieme Verlag; 1992. p. 121-8. Translation of: Hydroxyethylstarke: eine aktuelle Ubersicht.

Pier GB, Ramphal R. Pseudomas aeruginosa . In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; c2005. p. 2587-615.

Sobell LC, Sobell MB. Alcohol consumption measures. In: Allen JP, Wilson VB, editors. Assessing alcohol problems: a guide for clinicians and researchers. 2nd ed. Bethesda (MD): National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (US); 2003. p. 75-99.

Rogers ZR, Aquino VM, Buchanan GR. Hematologic supportive care and hematopoietic cytokines. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG, editors. Principles and practice of pediatric oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002. p. 1205-38.

Scott DL. Ambulatory anesthesia for cosmetic surgery. In: Steele SM, Nielsen KC, Klein SM, editors. Ambulatory anesthesia and perioperative analgesia. New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Publications Division; c2005. p. 311-20.

Sobell LC, Sobell MB. Alcohol consumption measures. In: Allen JP, Wilson VB, editors. Assessing alcohol problems: a guide for clinicians and researchers. 2nd ed. Bethesda (MD): National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (US); 2003. p. 75-99. (NIH publication; no. 03-3745).

Murphy PM. Chemokine receptors: overview. In: Oppenheim JJ, Feldmann M, Durum SK, Hirano T, Vilcek J, Nicola NA, editors. Cytokine reference: a compendium of cytokines and other mediators of host defense. Vol. 2, Receptors. London: Academic Press; c2001. p. 1971-80.

Rygaard J, Povlsen CO. Athymic (nude) mice. In: Foster HL, Small JD, Fox JG, editors. The mouse in biomedical research. Vol. 4, Experimental biology and oncology. New York: Academic Press; 1982. p. 51-67.

Whiteside TL, Heberman RB. Effectors of immunity and rationale for immunotherapy. In: Kufe DW, Pollock RE, Weichselbaum RR, Bast RC Jr, Gansler TS, Holland JF, Frei E 3rd, editors. Cancer medicine 6. Hamilton (ON): BC Decker Inc; 2003. Figure 14-4, Accumulation of Vβ 23-restricted CD3+ T lymphocytes in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in a patient with head and neck cancer; p. 223.

Misulis KE. Hemiplegia and monoplegia. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, editors. Neurology in clinical practice. 4th ed. Vol. 1, Principles of diagnosis and management. Philadelphia: Butterworth-Heinemann; c2004. Table 26.2, Brainstem lesions; p. 341.

• Cite this Page Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007-. Chapter 2, Books. 2007 Oct 10 [Updated 2015 Aug 11].
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Citation Guide: ICMJE - Drug Databases

• Introduction

Drug Databases

• Print and Electronic Journal Articles
• Books and Book Chapters
• Package Inserts

The URL you get when logged in to PCOM Library resources is specific to you at the moment you're using it. The link will not be usable by anyone else or access the same information.  Make sure you only use the company or vendor URL for your reference. For additional information about citing this type of resource please see Chapter 24 of Citing Medicine or #40 and #41 in Electronic Material from NLM Samples of Formatted References .

Specific database or Author(s). Title of Database [Type of Medium]. Place of Publication: Publisher. Date of Publication of Database. Title of Part; [Date of Update (if applicable); Date of Citation of Part]; Availability

Specific database. Lexicomp [Internet]. Hudson, OH: Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 1978-. Monograph, topic, or chart name; [cited Year Abbr Mo Day]. Available from: http://online.lexi.com

Example Lexi-Drugs. Lexicomp [Internet].  Hudson, OH: Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 1978-2019. Acetaminophen; [ 201 9   Mar  1 ]. Available from: http://online.lexi.com

Specific database. Micromedex [Internet]. Greenwood Village, CO: Truven Health Analytics, Inc. Year of copyright. Title of Monograph or document; [cited Year Abbr Mo Day]. Available from: http://www.micromedexsolutions.com

Example DRUGDEX. Micromedex [Internet]. Greenwood Village, CO: Truven Health Analytics, Inc. 2019. Infliximab; [ 201 9   Mar  1 ]. Available from: http://www.micromedexsolutions.com

Gold Standard, Inc. Clinical Pharmacology [Internet]. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Year of copyright. Title of Monograph or document; [cited Year Abbr Mo Day]. Available from: https://www.clinicalkey.com/pharmacology/

Example Gold Standard, Inc. Clinical Pharmacology [Internet]. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. 2019. Amoxicillin 125mg Chewable Tablet; [2019 Mar 1]. Available from: https://www.clinicalkey.com/pharmacology/

Specific database. Natural Medicines [Internet]. Somerville, MA: Natural Medicines. Year of copyright. Title of Monograph or document; [cited Year Abbr Mo Day]. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/ 

Example Foods, Herbs & Supplements. Natural Medicines [Internet]. Somerville, MA: Natural Medicines. 2019. Aloe; [2019 Mar 1]. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/

Author(s). UpToDate [Internet]. Waltham, MA: UpToDate. Year of copyright. Title of Part; [Date of Update (if applicable); Date of Citation of Part]. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/

Example Pichler, WJ. UpToDate [Internet]. Waltham, MA: UpToDate. 2019. Drug hypersensitivity: Classification and clinical features; [updated 2019 Feb 18; 2019 Mar 1]. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/

The Drug Information Portal connects users to information from a variety of sources. When citing information from this website make sure you cite from the website or database it leads you to, such as DailyMed or ClinicalTrials.gov.

• << Previous: Introduction
• Next: Print and Electronic Journal Articles >>

Guide Information

How to Do a Bibliography on Powerpoint: A Step-by-Step Guide

Creating a bibliography in PowerPoint is straightforward. You simply add a new slide at the end of your presentation where you list all of your sources. This is essential for crediting the work of others and avoiding plagiarism. It’s also a great way to provide your audience with resources for further reading.

After completing your bibliography, you’ll have a professional and credible PowerPoint presentation. Your audience will appreciate your attention to detail and your respect for the intellectual property of others.

Introduction

When it comes to giving presentations, the devil is often in the details. One important detail that sometimes gets overlooked is the bibliography. Whether you’re a student presenting a research project or a professional sharing industry insights, citing your sources is crucial. It not only gives credit where credit is due but also strengthens your own credibility. So, how do you go about adding a bibliography to your PowerPoint presentation? And why is this step so essential?

A bibliography in PowerPoint serves as a reference point for your audience, allowing them to verify the facts you present and explore the topic further on their own time. It’s also a mark of professionalism and academic integrity. This is particularly relevant for students, researchers, and professionals who rely on the work of others to support their own findings. In a world where information is easily accessible, it’s important to distinguish between original ideas and borrowed insights.

How to Do a Bibliography on PowerPoint

The following steps will guide you through adding a bibliography to your PowerPoint presentation. This will ensure that you properly acknowledge the sources of your information.

Step 1: Add a New Slide

Add a new slide at the end of your presentation for your bibliography.

This new slide will be dedicated entirely to your bibliography. It is typically the last slide of your presentation. Make sure it’s clearly titled so that your audience knows what it is.

Step 2: List Your Sources

List all the sources you used in your presentation in the new slide.

Your sources should be listed in a clear and organized manner. You can choose to format them alphabetically by the author’s last name or in the order that they appear in your presentation. Be consistent with your formatting choice throughout.

Step 3: Use a Consistent Format

Use a consistent format for each source, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago style.

The formatting style you choose will depend on your field of study or the preferences of your audience. Whatever style you opt for, make sure that every source is formatted the same way. This includes the order of information and punctuation.

Step 4: Include All Necessary Information

Make sure to include all necessary information such as the author’s name, title, publisher, and publication date.

For each source, there are specific details that must be included to make it a complete citation. This typically includes the author’s name, the title of the work, the publisher, and the date of publication. For online sources, you might also need to include the URL and the date you accessed the information.

Step 5: Review and Revise

Review your bibliography for accuracy and completeness.

Go over your bibliography one more time to ensure that all sources are correctly cited and that you haven’t missed anything. A small error in your bibliography can call into question the accuracy of your entire presentation.

Additional Information

When compiling your bibliography on PowerPoint, it’s important to remember the small details that can make a big difference. For instance, did you know that the order in which you list authors’ names may change based on the citation style you’re using? And what about those pesky URLs for online sources – should you include the date you accessed them or just the date they were published?

It’s also wise to consider the design of your bibliography slide. Just because it’s the last slide in your presentation doesn’t mean it should be an afterthought. Ensure that it’s consistent with the overall design and theme of your presentation. Use the same fonts and color schemes, and make sure the text is readable. Remember, people will likely refer back to this slide, so it should be as polished as the rest of your presentation.

Lastly, while PowerPoint is a fantastic tool for presenting visual information, it may not always be the best for displaying a lot of text, such as a lengthy bibliography. In such cases, consider providing a handout with your bibliography or directing your audience to a URL where they can access it online.

• Add a new slide for your bibliography
• List your sources on the new slide
• Use a consistent citation format
• Include all necessary source information
• Review your bibliography for accuracy

Frequently Asked Questions

Can i use bullet points for my bibliography entries.

Yes, bullet points are a great way to organize your bibliography entries clearly and concisely.

Do I need to include a bibliography even if I only used one source?

Yes, even if you only used one source, you should still include a bibliography slide to give proper credit.

What if I can’t find all the information needed for a citation?

If certain information is missing, do your best to provide as much detail as possible and indicate if a particular piece of information is not available.

Can I just use hyperlinks for online sources instead of full citations?

While hyperlinks are useful, they may not be accessible if the presentation is printed or shared as a PDF, so full citations are still necessary.

How many sources are too many for a PowerPoint bibliography?

There’s no set limit, but if your bibliography is very long, consider providing it in a separate handout or document.

Creating a bibliography on PowerPoint may seem like a minor detail in the grand scheme of your presentation, but it holds significant weight in the professional and academic realms. It not only showcases the depth of your research but also upholds the integrity of your presentation by acknowledging the authors and creators of the content you’ve referenced.

Remember, your bibliography is a testament to the work you’ve put into your presentation. It adds to your credibility as a presenter and informs your audience about the sources of your information. So, next time you’re wrapping up that PowerPoint presentation, take the extra time to ensure your bibliography is polished and professional. It’s a small step that can have a big impact.

Matthew Burleigh has been writing tech tutorials since 2008. His writing has appeared on dozens of different websites and been read over 50 million times.

After receiving his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Computer Science he spent several years working in IT management for small businesses. However, he now works full time writing content online and creating websites.

His main writing topics include iPhones, Microsoft Office, Google Apps, Android, and Photoshop, but he has also written about many other tech topics as well.

Read his full bio here.

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Building bright futures: an annotated bibliography on substance abuse prevention for families with young children, additional details.

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Antibacterial Drugs Clasification

9 out of ten doctors recommend this template. Why? Because it is a very complete template! Classifying antibacterial drugs can be tricky (there are, for example, a wide variety of penicillins, and with very similar names!), but this medical design will make it easy for you. To go along with...

Harmful Effects of Nicotine

Download the "Harmful Effects of Nicotine" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. Healthcare goes beyond curing patients and combating illnesses. Raising awareness about diseases, informing people about prevention methods, discussing some good practices, or even talking about a balanced diet—there are many topics related to medicine that you could be...

Drugs Awareness Workshop

Drugs carry many, many dangers. And yet, they are there, some legally, others illegally, but it is a consumption that is present in our society. Being aware of how dangerous it is to use them is of vital importance, because knowing how to say "no" to them, can save our...

Drugs and Substance Abuse Clinical Case

When you need to talk about a serious topic as drugs and substance abuse, especially in medical contexts, you need clarity. Let us provide you with a presentation template that will work as a visual support for your speech. After gathering data from a clinical case on this matter, take...

Drugs and Substance Abuse Infographics

Teachers' work goes beyond teaching academic knowledge, there are many other areas in which they can help and teach good decision making to their students. For that, we bring you this template so you can deal with such a delicate subject as drugs in a pleasant, clear and concise way....

International Day Against Drug Abuse

Drug abuse is one of the biggest problems in the 21st century’s society. That is one of the reasons the UN decided to establish 26 June as the International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit trafficking. The goal of such a day is to express determination to fight against this...

Alcoholism Treatment Drugs Breakthrough

Drug addictions are a difficult condition to treat, but thanks to the investigations and studies conducted by health professionals, new breakthroughs are appearing to help people who suffer them. Speak about it with this visual design for breakthrough news and share the treatment you have discovered with the medical community!...

Anti-Illicit Drugs Campaign

Download the "Anti-Illicit Drugs Campaign" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. Improve your campaigns’ management with this template that will definitely make a difference. It will empower you to organize, execute, and track the effectiveness of your campaign. Enriched with innovative resources, it facilitates seamless communication, meticulous planning, and provides...

Group Therapy Center for Drug and Alcohol Addiction

It’s always easier to heal together! Group therapy can be really helpful for people who suffer from substance addiction, and there are specialized centers who offer these kinds of sessions. With this beautiful template you can give the necessary details about your center so that your new patients trust you...

Controversial Medical Substances

There are certain substances that are used for medical purposes, but they are considered controversial. If you need to give a speech on this topic, then this template will come in handy. With illustrations, icons and some wavy shapes on the backgrounds, you can be sure to convey your points...

Medical Marijuana for Veterans Thesis Statement

As controversial as this topic can get, a lot of people advocate the medical use of marijuana, especially since studies show that it's helpful for veterans who suffer from PTSD. Have you conducted your own research on this topic? Try using these infographics to support your ideas and provide your...

Substance Abuse Prevention and Intervention - Health - 10th Grade

It's important to take pro-active steps in preventing and intervening in substance abuse. Prevention efforts can focus on education and community outreach to raise awareness of the dangers of substance abuse and provide healthy coping mechanisms to deal with stress and other challenges. Intervention is crucial to provide support and...

Methamphetamine Overdose Case Report

Download the "Methamphetamine Overdose Case Report" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. A clinical case is more than just a set of symptoms and a diagnosis. It is a unique story of a patient, their experiences, and their journey towards healing. Each case is an opportunity for healthcare professionals to...

Pharmacology - Bachelor of Science in Nursing

Introduce your Bachelor students to the world of pharmacology with this comprehensive Google Slides and PowerPoint template. It’s fully customizable and perfect for building a strong foundational knowledge. From outlining various medications and their administration routes to discussing potential side effects, the blue and gray slides decorated with medication illustrations...

Substance Abuse and Addiction Prevention - Health - 9th Grade

Introduce your 9th graders to the important topic of substance abuse and addiction prevention with this fully customizable Google Slides and PowerPoint template. With its eye-catching design and ready thinking exercises, you'll be able to grab your students' attention and foster meaningful discussions about the dangers of drug use. From...

Health Subject for Elementary - 2nd Grade: Drugs Awareness

It is very important to raise awareness from an early age about how harmful drug use is. The consequences in our lives can be horrible and not only affect us, but also our loved ones. This template we bring you is perfect to raise awareness on this issue to students...

Substance Abuse Prevention - 4th Grade

Download the "Substance Abuse Prevention - 4th Grade" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and easily edit it to fit your own lesson plan! Designed specifically for elementary school education, this eye-catching design features engaging graphics and age-appropriate fonts; elements that capture the students' attention and make the learning experience...

Substance Abuse Prevention - 3rd Grade

Download the "Substance Abuse Prevention - 3rd Grade" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and easily edit it to fit your own lesson plan! Designed specifically for elementary school education, this design features vibrant colors, engaging graphics, and age-appropriate fonts; elements that capture the students' attention and make the learning...

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