investment casting literature review

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Systematic Review on Investment Casting

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)

IJRASET Publication

The aim of this study was to describe systematically the best available evidence of Additive manufacturing (AM) technology for different casting paths and How Rapid Investment casting (RIC) is revolutionizing the field of casting. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the capabilities and effectiveness of Additive Manufacturing to provide an effective solution for investment casting production. Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Mendeley, ScienceDirect databases are used for research purposes. The conventional method of Investment Casting is less effective in terms of cost and time to develop new hard tooling wax patterns for low volume production and prototypes. To overcome this problem, we introduced additive manufacturing for making patterns for investment casting. This paper reviews the specific applications of Rapid prototyping in the field of casting. After applying the inclusion criteria, we found 40 articles for reviewing. This study concluded that using Additive manufacturing in Investment casting in place of the conventional method is more cost-effective and time-efficient.

Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés

Peter Ikubanni

More reliable and durable parts with high structural integrity are required to meet the increasing advancements in science and technology. This paper reviews five (5) different casting techniques: squeeze casting, sand casting, investment casting, die casting, and continuous casting. Their respective cast products were examined, and their various mechanical properties were discussed. However, these different casting techniques involve a similar fundamental procedure: melting metal, pouring it into a mold, and allowing it to solidify. However, they vary in their physical and mechanical properties, durability, and surface finishing, making one technique more desirable than the other in their application areas. Some techniques were found to be more advantageous and effective than the other, which will aid foundrymen in making the best decision in choosing a technique, considering parameters such as environmental friendliness and cost implications. The appropriate implementation of thes...

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

Tumisang Seodigeng

Conventionally, unfilled wax has been used as a universal pattern material for the investment casting process. With increase in demand for accurate dimensions and complex shapes, various materials have been blended with wax to develop more suitable patterns for investment casting in order to overcome performance limitations exhibited by unfilled wax. The present article initially reviews various investigations on the development of investment casting patterns by exploring pattern materials, type of waxes and their limitations, the effect of filler materials and various additives on unfilled wax, wax blends for pattern materials, plastics and polymers for pattern materials and 3D-printed patterns. The superiority of filled and polymer patterns in terms of dimensional accuracy, pattern strength, surface and flow properties over unfilled wax is also discussed. The present use of 3D patterns following their versatility in the manufacturing sector to revolutionize the investment casting ...

International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

Sana Hussain

Investment casting is synonym with producing precision components and investment casters usually take up the order if the volume is huge enough. This is due to high and unjustifiable tooling cost and long lead times associated with the development of metal moulds for producing wax (sacrificial) patterns for customized single casting or small quantity production. One of the feasible solutions is opt rapid tooling. In so- called rapid investment casting the most critical process will be building the investment shell and protecting it from thermal crack. This work investigates the shell crack and counter. In this work pattern are modeled on rapid prototyping machine. During the ceramic shell preparation cracking is reported. Hence a remedy is explored as to control the thermal expansion of the pattern build material-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) by using different build styles. Thermal expansion of five distinct styled ABS rapid samples were tested on Dilatometer. The investiga...

adnan sheikh

— Rapid product creation is the buzzword of present market. Prototyping market is thriving today. Conventional manufacturing fails to obey the prototyping marketers 'Faster –Cheaper –Better' dictum. The Prototyping market urges to-days' manufacturers to explore technology integration for compliance. Integration of conventional precision casting process with various rapid prototyping technologies is one of the finest logical options opened to the rapid product development research community, in the realm of precision engineering component development. This paper is made on the same theme. Here, SLS technology, the most popular Rapid Prototyping but the least recommended for the stated purpose is selected for experimentation. Equipments used are 1. Dilatometer,2. SLS Sinterstation,3. Precision casting Lab. The test pieces are modelled in Duraform Polyamide powder on SLS machine. Test pieces are tested for its thermal expansion on Dilatometer. A series of tests are carried out on the dilatometer for exploring the possibility of restricting the thermal expansion of Durafrm artifacts. Duraform expansion is compared with one of the recommended investment casting sacrificial pattern material. Interesting observations are made , thermal expansion restricted considerably ie from 2.2 % to0.3% !!!. It is a success on laboratory scale. Hence authors invite RP research community to commercialise the concept suitably, for the benefit of precision casting industry. Authors are working in their RP lab on technology integration in the area of precision components development.

Procedia CIRP

Michele Di Foggia

Elmy Mohamad

The advancement of the rapid prototyping (RP) technologies evolving toward rapid tooling in producing sacrificial patterns rapidly has profoundly benefits the investment casting (IC) process. Direct expendable pattern fabrication via RP techniques in complex and intricate features significantly reduce the cost when associated with single or low volume production. However inappropriate settings of the RP processes and its variables may cause serious defect in the ceramic shell such as cracking during burning out of the patterns, incomplete collapsibility and poor qualities of end products. By implementing the ANOVA at 95% confidence level to study the relative influence of factors and interactions, result shows that Surface Roughness (SR) and Dimensional Accuracy (DA) drastically affected by input variables within 5 % level of significance. Confirmation runs for all responses were carried out to ensure that the models reliability. The error level for ABS P400 was within reasonable ra...

Rapid Prototyping Journal

Shwe Sin Soe

PurposeThe main objective of this paper is to analyse all stages of the CastForm™ polystyrene (CF) pattern fabrication process, identify the reasons leading to inferior quality, and outline techniques for its improvement and reduction of failures.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes rapid manufacturing of patterns for shell or flask investment casting using the laser sintering (LS) technique with CF material. The process involves data preparation, LS fabrication of a “green” part, cleaning, and wax infiltration. All process stages are equally important for successful project completion in terms of pattern quality and delivery time. A failure at any stage requires a part or pattern to be produced again, which would incur additional time and cost.FindingsThe conducted experiments show how the CF material strength varies at different process stages and temperatures. Cleaning and wax infiltration are considered the main reasons for part distortion and breakage.Originality/val...

IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering

The objective of this project is to identify defects in investment casting process. A case study has been conducted, involving more than one mechanical part in an investment casting industry. Few of most common defects found in investment cast parts are blowholes, shrinkage cavity, porosity, cold shuts, sand inclusion, misrun, bulging and cracks. Now a days, computational software for investment casting process has begun to complement the design based approach in meeting the demands of higher quality investment cast parts in a cost effective manner. The computations will carry out using Autocast x1 software and the defect will be predicted.

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Formulations, development and characterization techniques of investment casting patterns

Conventionally, unfilled wax has been used as a universal pattern material for the investment casting process. With increase in demand for accurate dimensions and complex shapes, various materials have been blended with wax to develop more suitable patterns for investment casting in order to overcome performance limitations exhibited by unfilled wax. The present article initially reviews various investigations on the development of investment casting patterns by exploring pattern materials, type of waxes and their limitations, the effect of filler materials and various additives on unfilled wax, wax blends for pattern materials, plastics and polymers for pattern materials and 3D-printed patterns. The superiority of filled and polymer patterns in terms of dimensional accuracy, pattern strength, surface and flow properties over unfilled wax is also discussed. The present use of 3D patterns following their versatility in the manufacturing sector to revolutionize the investment casting process is also emphasized. Various studies on wax characterization such as physical (surface and dimensions), thermal (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry), mechanical (thermomechanical analysis, tensile stress testing, dynamic mechanical analysis) and rheological (viscosity and shearing properties) are also discussed.

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support given by the Technology Innovation Authority, South Africa.

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International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management

ISSN : 0265-671X

Article publication date: 26 October 2021

Issue publication date: 17 January 2023

Casting is one of the well-known manufacturing processes to make durable parts of goods and machinery. However, the quality of the casting parts depends on the proper choice of process variables related to properties of the materials used in making a mold and the product itself; hence, variables related to product/process designs are taken into consideration. Understanding casting techniques considering significant process variables is critical to achieving better quality castings and helps to improve the productivity of the casting processes. This study aims to understand the computational models developed for achieving better quality castings using various casting techniques.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review is conducted in the field of casting considering the period 2000–2020. The keyword co-occurrence network and word cloud from the bibliometric analysis and text mining of the articles reveal that optimization and simulation models are extensively developed for various casting techniques, including sand casting, investment casting, die casting and squeeze casting, to improve quality aspects of the casting's product. This study further investigates the optimization and simulation models and has identified various process variables involved in each casting technique that are significantly affecting the outcomes of the processes in terms of defects, mechanical properties, yield, dimensional accuracy and emissions.

This study has drawn out the need for developing smart casting environments with data-driven modeling that will enable dynamic fine-tuning of the casting processes and help in achieving desired outcomes in today's competitive markets. This study highlights the possible technology interventions across the metal casting processes, which can further enhance the quality of the metal casting products and productivity of the casting processes, which show the future scope of this field.

Research limitations/implications

This paper investigates the body of literature on the contributions of various researchers in producing high-quality casting parts and performs bibliometric analysis on the articles. However, research articles from high-quality journals are considered for the literature analysis in identifying the critical parameters influencing quality of metal castings.

Originality/value

The systematic literature review reveals the analytical models developed using simulation and optimization techniques and the important quality characteristics of the casting products. Further, the study also explores critical influencing parameters involved in every casting process that significantly affects the quality characteristics of the metal castings.

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Investors’ acceptance and use of investment-based crowdfunding platforms: an integrated perspective

• Original Article
• Published: 02 May 2024

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• Felix Friederich   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1113-574X 1 ,
• Ramon Palau-Saumell   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4756-624X 1 ,
• Jorge Matute   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-2402-327X 1 &
• José Luis Sánchez-Torelló   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-7703 1  

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Investment-based crowdfunding platforms (IBCP) have revolutionized the financial landscape by providing viable investment opportunities for non-institutional investors. Nonetheless, only a limited amount of attention has been focused on the factors that shape investors’ adoption of these platforms. Therefore, we primarily explore investors’ adoption of IBCP by employing an integrated model combining the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) and the Task-technology Fit model (TTF) while incorporating network externalities and trust. Drawing on a sample of current IBCP investors ( n  = 303), we found that investors’ behavioural intentions and use behaviour can be explained by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, habit, network externalities, trust and the TTF. The integrated model explained a higher variance in the endogenous variables than the two baseline models. We contribute to the emerging literature by delivering a new integrated model and provide platform operators with valuable insights into encouraging investors’ adoption behaviour.

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Friederich, F., Palau-Saumell, R., Matute, J. et al. Investors’ acceptance and use of investment-based crowdfunding platforms: an integrated perspective. J Financ Serv Mark (2024). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-024-00278-4

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Received : 25 October 2023

Revised : 08 April 2024

Accepted : 09 April 2024

Published : 02 May 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-024-00278-4

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