example of a term paper written in apa style

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APA Sample Papers

Ever wonder how to format your research paper in APA style? If so, you’re in luck! The team at EasyBib.com has put together an example paper to help guide you through your next assignment. (Actually, looking for MLA? Here’s a page on what is MLA format .)

The featured example is a research paper on the uses of biometrics to inform design decisions in the tech industry, authored by our UX Research Intern Peace Iyiewuare. Like most APA style papers, it includes an APA title page , tables, and several references and APA in-text citations to scholarly journals relevant to its topic. References are an important aspect of scientific research papers, and formatting them correctly is critical to getting a good grade.

This paper follows the formatting rules specified in the 6th edition of The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (the APA is not directly associated with this guide) . We’ve left comments and tips throughout the document, so you’ll know the specific rules around how to format titles, spacing, and font, as well as the citations on the APA reference page .

The reference list needs special care, as it demonstrates to the reader that you have accurately portrayed your outside sources and have given credit to the appropriate parties. Be sure to check our full APA citation guide for more information on paper formatting and citing sources in APA style. There is also a guide on  APA footnotes in case that is your preferred form of citation.

Download the APA Visual Guide

When citations are done, don’t forget to finish your paper off with a proofread—EasyBib Plus’s plagiarism and grammar check can help! Got a misspelled adverb ? Missed capitalizing a proper noun ? Struggling with subject-verb agreement ? These are just a few things our checker could help you spot in your paper.

D. Complete Sample APA Paper

We’ve included a full student paper below to give you an idea of what an essay in APA format looks like, complete with a title page, paper, reference list, and index. If you plan to include an APA abstract in your paper, see the Professional Paper for an example.

If you’re looking for an APA format citation generator, we’ve got you covered. Use EasyBib.com! Our APA format machine can help you create every reference for your paper.

Below is an example of a student APA format essay. We also have PDF versions of both a student paper and a professional paper linked below.

See Student Paper                                 See Professional Paper

Using Biometrics to Evaluate Visual Design

Jane Lisa Dekker

Art Department, Northern California Valley State University

UXAD 272: Strategic Web Design

Professor Juan Liu, PhD

January 29, 2020

      A vast amount of research has been conducted regarding the importance of visual design, and its role as a mediator of user’s experience when browsing a site or interacting with an interface. In the literature, visual design is one aspect of website quality. Jones and Kim (2010) define website quality as “the perceived quality of a retail website that involves a [user’s] perceptions of the retailer’s website and comprises consumer reactions towards such attributes as information, entertainment/enjoyment, usability, transaction capabilities, and design aesthetics” (p. 632).  They further examined the impact web quality and retail brand trust has on purchase intentions. Additional research examining e-commerce sites has shown web quality has an impact on both initial and continued purchase intention (Kuan, Bock, & Vathanophas, 2008), as well as consumer satisfaction (Lin, 2007). Moreso, research on the relationship between visual design and perceived usability (Stojmenovic, Pilgrim, & Lindgaard, 2014) has revealed a positive correlation between the two. As users’ ratings of visual quality increase, their ratings of perceived usability follows a similar trend. Although this research spans various domains, the reliance on self-report measures to gauge concepts like visual design and web quality is prevalent throughout much of the literature.

Although some self-report scales are validated within the literature, there are still issues with the use of self-report questionnaires. One is the reliance on the honesty of the participant. This tends to be more of an issue in studies related to questionnaires that measure characteristics of the participant, rather than objective stimuli. More relevant to this study is the issue of introspection and memory. Surveys are often distributed after a task is completed, and its accuracy is dependent on the ability of the participant to remember their experience during the study. Multiple research studies have shown that human memory is far from static. This can

be dangerous if a researcher chooses to solely rely on self-report methods to test a hypothesis. We believe these self-report methods in tandem with biometric methods can help ensure the validity of the questionnaires, and provide information beyond the scope of self-report scales.

Research Questions

      We know from previous research that the quality of websites mediates many aspects of e-commerce, and provides insight as to how consumers view the webpages in general.  However, simply knowing a webpage is perceived as lower quality doesn’t give insight as to what aspects of a page are disliked by a user. Additionally, it’s possible that the user is misremembering aspects of the webpage or being dishonest in their assessment. Using eye tracking metrics, galvanic skin response, and facial expression measures in tandem with a scale aimed at measuring visual design quality has a couple of identifiable benefits. Using both can potentially identify patterns amongst the biometric measures and the questionnaire, which would strengthen the validity of the results. More so, the eye tracking data has the potential to identify patterns amongst websites of lower or higher quality.

If found, these patterns can be used to evaluate particular aspects of a page that are impacting the quality of a webpage. Overall, we are interested in answering two questions:

Research Question 1 : Can attitudinal changes regarding substantial website redesigns be captured using biometric measures?

Research Question 2 : How do biometric measures correlate with self-reported measures of visual appeal?

      Answering these questions has the potential to provide a method of justification for design changes, ranging from minor tweak to complete rebrands. There is not an easy way for companies to quantitatively analyze visual design decisions. A method for doing so would help companies evaluate visual designs before implementation in order to cost-justify them. To this end, we hope to demonstrate that biometric measurements can be used with questionnaires to verify and validate potential design changes a company or organization might want to implement.

      By examining data from test subjects during a brief exposure to several websites, we hoped to explore the relationship between the self-reported evaluation of visual design quality and key biometric measurements of a subject’s emotional valence and arousal. Subjects were exposed to ten pairs of websites before and after a substantial visual design change and asked to evaluate the website based on their initial impressions of the site’s visual design quality using the VisAWI-S scale, as shown in Table 1.  

During this assessment we collected GSR, facial expressions (limited by errors in initial study configuration), pupillary response, and fixation data using iMotions software coupled with a Tobii eye tracker, Shimmer GSR device, and Affdex facial expression analysis toolkit. This data was analyzed, in Table 2, to discover relationships between the independent and dependent variables, as well as relationships between certain dependent variables.  

Jones, C., & Kim, S. (2010). Influences of retail brand trust, off-line patronage, clothing involvement and website quality on online apparel shopping intention: Online apparel shopping intention. International Journal of Consumer Studies , 34 (6), 627–637. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2010.00871.x

Kuan, H.-H., Bock, G.-W., & Vathanophas, V. (2008). Comparing the effects of website quality on customer initial purchase and continued purchase at e-commerce websites. Behaviour & Information Technology , 27 (1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290600801959

Lin, H.-F. (2007). The impact of website quality dimensions on customer satisfaction in the B2C e-commerce context. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence , 18 (4), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783360701231302

Stojmenovic, M., Pilgrim, C., & Lindgaard, G. (2014). Perceived and objective usability and visual appeal in a website domain with a less developed mental model. Proceedings of the 26 th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference on Designing Futures: The Future of Design , 316–323. https://doi.org/10.1145/2686612.2686660

APA Formatting Guide

APA Formatting

• Annotated Bibliography
• Block Quotes
• et al Usage
• In-text Citations
• Multiple Authors
• Paraphrasing
• Page Numbers
• Parenthetical Citations
• Reference Page
• Sample Paper
• APA 7 Updates
• View APA Guide

Citation Examples

• Book Chapter
• Journal Article
• Magazine Article
• Newspaper Article
• Website (no author)
• View all APA Examples

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APA 7th Edition Style Guide

• Changes/updates
• The Concise APA Handbook: APA 7th Edition
• Article Examples
• Book Examples
• Internet Resources and Other Examples
• Media Examples
• Finding the DOI
• APA Reference Quick Guide
• Legal Cases
• Sample Annotated Student Paper
• Annotated Bibliography
• Handouts and Guides

Sample Annotated Paper - APA Style 7th Edition

• Annotated Student Sample Paper
• Annotated Professional Sample Paper
• Sample Student Paper (no annotations)
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How to Write a Term Paper in APA Format-With Examples

APA stands for American Psychological Association. It is used by most educational institutions in the US and Canada. To keep your term paper organized, it is necessary to follow proper citation styles like the APA style. We will explore more about APA referencing style.

The APA style is primarily used in the social sciences like Psychology, Sociology, etc. It has specific rules for the writing and formatting of term papers. If you are researching in these fields, it is necessary to know and follow the APA format. The main purpose of this reference style is to make your work easy to read by avoiding unnecessary information.

It is important to understand that there is no page limit for a research paper in APA format. However, it should not exceed 30 pages as most educational institutions have a lower limit for a term paper.

As we know that there are different types of term papers like pro and cons essays, cause and effect essays, etc., our focus will be on the research paper, which is used to understand problems or situations. We will divide our work into two sections:

• Preparation before writing
• The actual writing of the paper in APA format

Just follow the simple steps below!

Preparation Before You Start Writing

Choosing a topic:.

As you plan to write a term paper in APA format, the first thing you have to do is pick a topic . It could be any concept or idea, but it has to be interesting enough for you to express your views creatively.

Another thing that needs your attention is the length of the research paper. Most universities and colleges have a minimum limit for a term paper that ranges from 10 to 20 pages. You can go ahead with 5-10 pages as an initial draft then edit it based on your professor’s requirement and the length of your research paper.

Finding information related to your topic will help you create a strong background for your paper. You can search online to gather information for your topic. You can also consult books or journals that are related to your topic.

Creating an outline for your paper:

You cannot start writing the actual paper until you create an outline for your research paper. It will help you organize your thoughts and arrange them in a proper format. Moreover, it will make writing the descriptive term paper easier within the limited time frame.

The APA style does not have specific guidelines which must be followed while creating an outline. However, knowing how important an outline is in the writing process, we have created the following outline for you to use as your reference.

Introduction

The introductory paragraph should have a general overview of the topic. To grab your readers’ attention, you can include a personal anecdote related to your topic.

Statement of the problem/research question/hypothesis:

Research papers in APA format must clearly define the research question or hypothesis . You can also include the statement of the problem .

Review of literature:

If you want to include any prior research or studies about your topic, this is the right place where you can make use of it. Make sure that whatever references you include in your work should be credible enough. It will help you establish yourself as an expert on the topic and gain the confidence of your readers.

Statement of the purpose/objective:

Explain why you are doing this research and what is the objective behind it. Use this paragraph to include information related to your hypothesis or main focus point.

This section comprises two parts: Research design and data collection methods, data analysis, and interpretation of results.

In the first part, you will describe how you collected data or information for your research paper. You can include some brief information about surveys, experiments, and observations that other researchers on the topic conducted. In the second part, you have to talk about the methods used to analyze collected data.

Research design and data collection methods:

This section has to thoroughly explain the research design used in collecting data from primary or secondary sources. You must mention if the collected data was quantitative or qualitative . Moreover, you have to include relevant information about sampling techniques that were used for your study. In the case of experiment data, you have to talk about the control variables and independent variables. To prove your written research paper in APA format strong, it is imperative that you take help from a professional writer for this part.

Data analysis and interpretation of results:

In this section, you have to explain how the data collected was analyzed and interpreted. You must go step by step and mention each point included in the data analysis.

Conclusion:

In the concluding paragraph, you have to summarize your findings and opinions about the topic under consideration. Moreover, it is also important that here you include a brief overview of the next steps in your research process. It will help your readers know how your study can be helpful for other researchers in the field.

Actual Writing of the Term Paper in APA Format

Now you have reached the final part, where you will actually start writing your term paper.

Before starting your paper, there are formatting basics that you need to be familiar with.

• All the text in the paper should be doubled spaced
• The margins should be 1 inch.
• Font type- 12 pt, Times New Roman
• Paragraphs- Indent the first line of each paragraph.
• Page number- right-aligned at the top of each page.

Title Pages of a Term Paper in APA Format

The title page of a term paper, also known as the cover page, is the first page of your paper. While some institutions require this page to accompany your paper, some do not. So it is advisable that you check your institution’s guidelines for formatting before submitting your work.

This page should include:

• The title of the paper.
• Names of all the authors.
• Name of the institution/ institution affiliation.
• Course number and course name.
• Name of the instructor

Guidelines for writing the title page in APA format include:

• The title should be written in full without abbreviations.
• The title should be centred and 3-4 lines down from the top.
• Only the title should be bolded. The elements should be written in the standard font with no bolds or italics.
• There should be one extra space line between the title and the author’s name.

Running Heads

The updated 7th edition of APA format does not require a paper to have a running head unless the instructor has asked for it.

Do not confuse running head with page numbers. Page numbers will always appear regardless of whether you have running heads or not.

You might be wondering what a running head is. A running head is a shortened version of the title of your paper. It is situated on the top left-hand corner of every page.

The abstract of a term paper should be no more than 250 words. It is a summary of the entire paper.

This section should not be confused with the introduction of your term paper in APA format. The abstract will appear on its page, after the title page, but before the actual text starts.

It should be written in a standard font and double space.

Here, you need to mention the main purpose, significance, and objective of your study. You also have to give an overview of the study undertaken by you.

Although the abstract follows most of the APA writing guidelines, a few formatting peculiarities are specific to the abstract.

• The first line of the abstract body is not indented.
• The heading is titled “Abstract” and is centred on the page.
• No styling is applied on the heading.
• It is advised to include relevant keywords at the bottom of the abstract to increase its findability in databases.

Citations and the Reference Page

A huge part of writing a term paper in APA format is organizing your information. This is done by adding citations and references throughout the text.

You must include a reference page at the end of your paper. The reference page should be titled “References.” All the sources used for writing the term paper must be cited on this page.

Citations in the APA paper format include in-text citations and full references in the reference page list.

In-text citation.

In-text citations point out where the information in your paper is coming from. These appear within parentheses and immediately after a quote or a paraphrase of another author’s ideas.

Remember to include the author’s name, year of publication, and page number. Follow an APA publication format.

The best way to understand this concept is through examples of in-text citations. These are examples of citing information according to the 7th edition of the APA style guide.

“Jordan (1994) argues that…”

“As James (1900) so aptly puts it …”

“According to James (1900), education plays a major role in social justice.”

However, the research “…” (Stone, 2020, Social Dilemma, p. 4).

Reference page.

The reference page should contain all the sources used to write the term paper. Apart from the normal APA format guidelines, the references list has its unique formatting requirements.

The heading of this page is “References,” which is centred at the top of the page.

The references are listed according to alphabetical order.

Punctuations in APA.

The use of punctuations in APA is somewhat different from that used by other formats. This part discusses the specific uses of commas, semicolons, and periods with examples.

After every punctuation, one space is left before starting the next word or sentence.

In the APA writing style, you use a comma whenever necessary. You do not want to run-on sentences or make it confusing for the reader to understand the ideas presented by you.

It is encouraged to use the Oxford commas. An oxford coma consists of commas between all items in a list, but only two commas if conjunctions separate the items. There is also the last comma after the last item in the list and before the conjunction word “and”

Let’s look at an example of the use of commas in APA format.

My cat likes playing in the water, climbing on the roof, and eating raw fish.

Capital letters.

The first word of the title, subtitles, and headings should be capitalized.

The first word of a sentence must also be capitalized.

Dashes and hyphens

You can use en-dash, em-dash, and hyphen interchangeably in the APA format.

En-dash is used to point out spans of numbers and dates. It is also used as a substitute for the word “to.”

Em-dash, on the other hand, is used to emphasize parenthetical expressions or phrases that are not essential to the meaning of the sentence. You can use it without spaces before and after it.

Hyphens are used in compound adjectives and compound words.

The semicolon is used to separate two independent clauses when no coordinating conjunction is used.

Before using this punctuation in the APA format, make sure that both parts of the sentence are complete and coherent in their own right.

Apostrophes

Using an apostrophe in the APA format is fairly easy because its usage is similar to that of other formats.

Remember that apostrophe is used to show possession “for singular words” and contraction.

When showing possession for singular words, the writer can use an “s” after the apostrophe or not, depending on whether it’s a proper noun or not.

For example, Ryan’s dog (proper noun)

When showing possession for plural words, the writer must use an “s” after the apostrophe.

For example, Drivers’ education (proper noun)

Remember that you should not use an apostrophe when you use possession in a sentence about two subjects or more.

APA Format Numbering Guidelines

In the APA format, there are specific guidelines when it comes to putting numbers on a paper. Let’s take a look at them below.

Numbers less than 10 are written in full text. For example, 4 is written as “four.”

With numbers more than 10, use numerals. For example, twenty-five is written as “25”.

Numbers at the beginning of a sentence should be spelled out. However, if a number starts a statement and is followed by a comma, you can use numerals. For example: “Twelve people came to the party.”

When to use numerals:

• When writing decimals, always have a zero before the decimal point if the number is below 1. For example 0.5
• Roman numerals are left as they are. Do not translate them into Arabic numbers.
• Do not include an apostrophe if you’re writing the numerals in the plural. For example, the 1930s instead of the 1930s.

When to spell out numbers:

When writing a common phrase. For example, “hundred year’s war” (one hundred years war)

In certain technical or formal writing.

In making a list or sequence. For example, First, second, and third place awards should be given to winners in a particular competition

Need Help Writing a Term Paper in APA Format?

Writing a term paper can be a very daunting task for students. It becomes even more challenging when writing it in APA format.

If you find yourself at this crossroads, there’s no need to panic. Our writers are waiting to help you.

Should you get professional help formatting a term paper in APA style?

The APA style is considered one of the most popular standards for formatting academic papers in different disciplines and fields.

It can also be used in writing professional reports and resumes. Knowing how to format a document according to the APA standard makes it easier for you to create a document that can be easily understood.

What if you are struggling to remember all the guidelines? Don’t get frustrated if you’re finding it challenging to keep up with all the formatting rules. Here are a few reasons why you should consider hiring a professional to format your term paper in APA style for you.

• It saves time

When writing term papers, students are already swamped with all the academic requirements they have to comply with. Adding formatting to the list can be very overwhelming. You’d find yourself spending countless hours trying to figure out how to standardize your document.

You’d waste a lot of time formatting the document as opposed to writing it. If you are pressed for time, get someone to format your paper for you. This way, you can concentrate on the content of your paper while ensuring that it is written according to APA style guidelines.

• You get properly cited references.

When writing a term paper, you will need to cite your sources properly. Using the APA style ensures that every time you reference an author or work, it matches the references at the end of your document.

If all this sounds like too much to handle on your own, get in touch with us for help formatting a term paper in APA style. Our writers are standing by to offer their professional assistance.

Who Will Help me Format my Term Paper in APA?

Hiring an expert to help you format your paper can be expensive. Are there any alternatives?

If you’re looking for an affordable solution, you may want to consider using our website, tutorsplit.com, which provides formatting services at very reasonable rates.

Our writers are well-versed in formatting research papers according to APA style guidelines.

What Can I Get From You to Format my Paper for Me?

Formatting your term paper involves several steps that involve proper selection, development, and placement of content. We can help you with all these steps so that your paper is written according to the correct style.

Our writers will help format a term paper according to APA guidelines that include:

1) Selection of appropriate headings and subheadings that follow the sequence indicated by the APA manual.

2) Ensuring that all in-text citations are written according to APA style

3) Select appropriate features such as graphs, figures, and charts that match your writing style.

4) We can help you select an appropriate title for your paper.

5) Our writers will check the first page and the references list to ensure that they are properly formatted.

Our writers have the experience needed to format your term paper according to APA guidelines. Rely on us for all your formatting needs and get a professionally formatted document in no time.

Advantages of Hiring our APA Formatting Services.

Hiring our writers to help you format a term paper in APA style has numerous advantages.

1) You get a properly formatted paper that follows APA guidelines from the first page to the last.

2) Our writers have extensive experience formatting research papers in APA. They know the rules and follow them, so you don’t have to worry about any violations.

3) You get a properly formatted APA-style document that is free of plagiarism.

4) All your formatting needs are taken care of by our writers so you can focus on the research and writing aspects of your term paper.

5) Our writers are available 24/7 to help format your paper. We offer affordable prices and great discounts.

I ‘m a freelance content and SEO writer with a passion for finding the perfect combination of words to capture attention and express a message . I create catchy, SEO-friendly content for websites, blogs, articles, and social media. My experience spans many industries, including health and wellness, technology, education, business, and lifestyle. My clients appreciate my ability to craft compelling stories that engage their target audience, but also help to improve their website’s search engine rankings. I’m also an avid learner and stay up to date on the latest SEO trends. I enjoy exploring new places and reading up on the latest marketing and SEO strategies in my free time.

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The Writing Process - Step by Step

• Getting Started
• Finding a Topic
• Active Reading
• Background Information Locator
• Thesis Statements
• Essay Planning and Writing
• Basics of APA
• Popular VS. Scholarly Publications
• APA - American Psychological Association Citation Style Guide
• Citation Builders

Why do we cite our sources?

Citing your sources....

helps readers of your paper to identify the sources of the information you used

helps you find the information you used, later on

helps you avoid plagiarism because it shows which ideas are yours and which ideas belong to another person

is expected for college-level and professional-level academic work

"Plagiarism" means submitting work that is someone else's as one's own. For example, copying material from a book or other source without acknowledging that the words or ideas are someone else's, and not one's own, is plagiarism. If a student copies an author's words exactly, he or she should treat the passage as a direct quotation and supply the appropriate citation. If someone else's ideas are used, even if it is paraphrased, appropriate credit should be given. Lastly, a student commits plagiarism when a term paper is purchased and/or submitted which he or she did not write.  For more information on Plagiarism see the tab: Avoiding Plagiarism on this page.

APA style is a set of guidelines developed to help writers express their ideas and research findings clearly and consistently. APA Style was developed by the American Psychological Association and is used in the social sciences, including psychology.

This online guide is designed to help students with several basic areas of APA Style including:

• Citing print and online sources in a references page at the end of a paper
• Citing sources in the body of the paper (sometimes called in-text citations)
• Basic formatting of the paper
• Avoiding plagiarism

Here is a great example of how to construct your paper in APA Style. A special thanks to our own Ginger Glodowske for developing this example for Beal University.

• APA Style Example

Writing Style in APA

WRITING STYLE

Avoid writing in first-person.  APA style papers should be written in third-person.

• Avoid: I studied the effect of...
• Allowed: We studied the effect of...
• Preferred: Respondents indicated their preference for...

Be concise and clear

• Avoid vague statements
• Present information clearly
• Eliminate unnecessary words

Style matters

• Write objectively
• Avoid poetic or flowery language

AVOIDING BIAS

Be sensitive to labels

• Avoid identifying groups by a disorder Avoid:  schizophrenics Allowed:  people diagnosed with schizophrenia
• Avoid outdated or inappropriate labels
• When you must label a group, try to use a term that group prefers

Gender pronouns

• Gender  refers to a social role
• Sex  refers to biological characteristics

How to cite sources in APA Format

How To Cite Books

How to Cite Journal Articles

How to Cite Web Sites and Electronic Material

How to Cite Audiovisual Material

How to cite Films and Media

How to Cite Other Sources

How to Cite Social Media

APA - Reference List

Informative video on how to set up your paper in Google Docs.

Informative video on how to set up your paper using Microsoft Word.

• How to create an In Text  Citations - An in-text citation provides sourcing information about quoted or paraphrased text in your paper.

APA In-Text Citations Made Ea sy

• How to cite a Secondary Source   - In your research you will often encounter resources where an author refers to another researcher's work. This  source  within a  source  is known as a ' secondary source ' and is referenced in a particular way.

APA - How to do your reference list.

APA Citing Journal Articles

APA - in-Text Citations

APA - Book Citations

APA - Website Citations

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Reference List: Textual Sources

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

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Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

Basic Format for Books

Edited book, no author, edited book with an author or authors, a translation.

Note : When you cite a republished work, like the one above, in your text, it should appear with both dates: Plato (385-378/1989)

Edition Other Than the First

Article or chapter in an edited book.

Note : When you list the pages of the chapter or essay in parentheses after the book title, use "pp." before the numbers: (pp. 1-21). This abbreviation, however, does not appear before the page numbers in periodical references, except for newspapers. List any edition number in the same set of parentheses as the page numbers, separated by a comma: (2nd ed., pp. 66-72).

Multivolume Work

Articles in periodicals.

APA style dictates that authors are named with their last name followed by their initials; publication year goes between parentheses, followed by a period. The title of the article is in sentence-case, meaning only the first word and proper nouns in the title are capitalized. The periodical title is run in title case, and is followed by the volume number which, with the title, is also italicized. If a DOI has been assigned to the article that you are using, you should include this after the page numbers for the article. If no DOI has been assigned and you are accessing the periodical online, use the URL of the website from which you are retrieving the periodical.

Article in Print Journal

Note: APA 7 advises writers to include a DOI (if available), even when using the print source. The example above assumes no DOI is available.

Article in Electronic Journal

Note :  This content also appears on Reference List: Online Media .

As noted above, when citing an article in an electronic journal, include a DOI if one is associated with the article.

DOIs may not always be available. In these cases, use a URL. Many academic journals provide stable URLs that function similarly to DOIs. These are preferable to ordinary URLs copied and pasted from the browser's address bar.

Article in a Magazine

Article in a newspaper.