thesis about campus journalism

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QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH - THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENT JOURNALIST OF TCNHS AND THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

2020, Leyte National High School

Up to date many studies have been developed concerning the factors influence students’ performance such as demographic, active learning, students’ attendance, extracurricular activities, and peers influence and course assessment. Students involve themselves in various campus activities than just than sitting in lectures, just like joining some clubs like journalism. High school journalists are reporters, writers, and editors for school newspapers, websites, yearbooks, and audio and video broadcast mediums. They generate story ideas, conduct research on the topic about which they will be writing, and think of probing questions to ask sources during interviews. After the reporting process is complete, they write various types of articles, including: general interest news, breaking news, feature and human-interest stories, sports stories, editorials, columns, and reviews. They proofread, edit, and revise their own work, and if they are editors, they lead this process for other reporters, too. Finally, they publish their finished articles to be read, seen, or heard by an authentic audience. These processes are filled with literacy learning opportunities, and student journalists are receiving explicit instruction from a teacher and peer mentoring throughout. Student journalists, contrary to popular belief, are not solely journalism or English majors, but are enrolled in a myriad of academic programs which help them bring insight into every collective edition of a newspaper. Contributors and other writers form a very diverse group that expresses the voice of the student body and their generation. Local student writers learn from international and out-of-state students, who inevitably incorporate their experience and cultures in voicing their views (Blaunstein, 2018). Student journalism benefits students, giving them the opportunity to express and improve their voice as well as enhance their academic skills. For instance, the ability to develop arguments in journalism pieces is a very important and useful skill in college and in the workplace. Students who want to pursue a career in journalism learn skills that are directly applicable to their future workplaces because student journalism organizations closely mirror industrial journalism and media companies. In connection journalists also learn to express arguments and opinions in an effective and persuasive manner without offending or attacking the opposing perspective. To do so, writers must conduct research on a given topic to ensure the credibility and persuasive nature of the piece. Writing articles, consequently, expands a student’s knowledge of current events and other fields of study. This allows not only safe public communication of opinion, but also pushes students to understand each other’s views, especially on controversial topics (Blaunstein, 2018). Moreover, journalistic writing also can help students write better essays. That learning how to write a lead helps students decide the most important information to include first, and how to use active voice to make clear the angle or purpose of their writing. As the ability to tell a story across multiple mediums. Journalism students also displayed more confidence in their own literacy skills than those non-journalist peers. Experience with high school journalism can help students develop media literacy skills as well (Thompson, 2018). With an aim to study the journalisms impact to a student’s participation in school, the researchers conducted a survey among journalism students in TCNHS on how journalism affect their academic performance.

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Cecilia L . Calub

Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal

Psychology and Education

Campus Journalism is considered as part of the school lives of the learners as it is one of the most participated extracurricular activities in schools. However, as the pandemic threatened everyone, the implementation of this was greatly affected. This study focused on the assessment of pupils' journalistic skills. It was conducted at San Francisco Elementary School during the School Year 2022-2023. Descriptive method of research was used utilizing an online survey questionnaire to gather necessary data regarding the journalistic skills of twenty (20) pupils.Based on the results, it was found out that the pupils' assessment on their journalistic skills obtained an overall mean of 2.53 in terms of knowledge, 2.60 on their writing skills, and 2.72 regarding their behavior towards campus journalism and all verbally interpreted as Agree. In addition, some of the cited challenges of the pupils were the insufficient knowledge regarding the basic guidelines in school papering, no training because of pandemic, and lack of motivation to join in campus journalism. They had suggested that the school should conduct a series of trainings to enhance their skills, engage them in different contests, and recognition of the journalists. The researcher also proposed a training program to further improve the implementation of campus journalism.

Claudia Mellado

Viktorija Car , Manuela Zlateva , Ana Milojevic , Liana Ionescu , Jonila Godole , Christian Spahr , Miroljub Radojkovic

The book provides insights into the students’ perspective on journalism education at universities in South East Europe (Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania and Serbia). The main objective of the survey was to analyse the attitudes of students on the system of journalism education and to give an answer to the following questions: What motivates a student to pursue an education in journalism? To what extent are students satisfied with the learning conditions? What are their recommendations for study program improvement?

Renita Coleman

This mixed-methods study using a national, random sample of journalism students explores their motivations for majoring in journalism and conceptions of the roles of journalists. It showed many similarities among students today and yesterday and some differences between students and professionals. Students' ranking of the importance of roles compared to professionals showed no significant correlation. They still recognize the same four main roles of journalists, but rank them in a different order and define them differently. These future journalists see 'soft news' as being on equal footing, if not more important, than traditional 'hard news'. They consider it fair game for journalists to join the conversation about important issues of the day. They see citizen journalists as not only taking over more of the adversarial duties of journalists but also increasing the amount of information and opinion that people have access to, making the interpretive role of journalists more necessary as someone needs to sift through all this information and let people know what is valid. Suggestions for educators are discussed.

The International Encyclopedia of Journalism Studies

Donica Mensing

This entry summarizes the important role of higher education in the preparation of journalists around the globe. Colleges and universities are the most important source of education for journalists, and through curricula and research, influence journalistic trends and practices. Thousands of journalism education programs now exist on six continents, and many thousands of students graduate annually in journalism and related fields. This professionalization of the journalistic workforce impacts how journalists conceive of their roles, how the journalism industry operates, and how journalism is understood and practiced around the world. As journalism as a field undergoes profound shifts, educators are also changing what and how they teach, refining and defining their mission and purpose.

Hugo de Burgh

A B S T R A C T This article argues that journalism can be taught as, and should be regarded as, a serious academic discipline and not simply a vocational training. Trends in society and polity place new responsibilities on, and require a better education of journalists. They must be equipped to make essential contributions as analysts and brokers of information. Journalism education has aspects specific to it: the particular balance of academic, applied and occupational learning; simulations of real working experience and engagement with the world; the conformity to professional standards of behaviour; the involvement with local communities; the application of the competency concept in assessment criteria; the high degree of transferability of skills, particularly research and composition skills. This combination can make for stimulating courses which provide a useful base for many types of work in later life and which compare favourably with other social science and humanities disciplines.

SIMILE: Studies In Media & Information Literacy Education

Brigitta Brunner

Elton Evangelista

This descriptive-correlational study examines the status and the level of writing competence of student-writers from the five Philippine International Schools in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Participants include the 100 student-writers and twelve school paper advisers. The research which used questionnaires and interviews had revealed the following: that female writers outnumbered the male counterparts; most of the writers had high performance in English; most respondents were able to attend seminars and conferences which helped improve their writing competence; highly qualified female teacher-advisers dominated the advising population and were more knowledgeable in scholastic journalism; student-respondents performed " good " in all writing category while the teacher-advisers of school publication had " very good " writing competency in writing. Drawn from the results, the profile of student-writers is certainly significant factors to make them competent in writing editorials, features, sports, copyreading and photojournalism. This is attributed to students' elite performance in English and rich experiences in campus writing; a significant relationship was evident between the profile of teacher-advisers and their level of writing competence in photojournalism; and a very significant relationship between the profile of the advisers and the school writers' writing competence was clearly manifested in this research. INTRODUCTION The campus press plays a crucial role in the campaign to serve the masses and the program of the school and communities as part of continuing experiment. It is the main purveyor of information which is the basis of attitudes and opinions dictating individual actions. And the serious responsibility of the school press to society therefore cannot be overemphasized. Yet to a student journalist who is most responsible for the task and can assume the role in the development thrusts of the school government can be defined clear. The campus journalist is more than a chronicler of human events. He is in a sense a catalyctic being. He articulates issues, identifies problems and if he is knowledgeable or competent enough offers solution. He defines the diverse mood and thinking prevalent in his school milieu. As a keeper of journal he does not merely report or interpret, he, too, makes a stand or becomes an active participant in the national life. He breaks away from the confines of his socio-historic regimen but pursues vital issues and leads his thinking or areas of concern In his blog site, Arao (2013) clearly defines the role of campus journalists. He said that " campus journalists are torch bearers in the sense that they try to shed light on issues…..whatmakes campus journalists different from their so-called professional counterparts is their duty to relate all issues to their respective communities…their role is to keep become real torch bearers, they should help open the minds of students to the situation not only on campus but also in society as a whole…. Truth-telling is fulfilled when they are able to present both the data and the analysis of issues. " Arao further exemplified this contention by citing the expectations from a campus journalist. He said that " a campus journalist should be able to write well and to write fast. In terms of disposition, he or she should develop the 'nose for news' or the ability to discern which is newsworthy in analyzing issues and events….Through a much deeper understanding of what is happening around him or her, a campus journalist is able to analyze the prevailing social contradictions, as well as realize the reasons for the age-old social conflicts. " (Arao, 2013) Since the student journalist

Lynn Schofield Clark

This article examines how involvement in high school journalism contributes to socialization into citizenship and, most crucially, to the development of a collective sensibility. Recent work by W Lance Bennett (2008), Zukin and his colleagues (2006), and Sara-Ellen Amster (2006) provides an interpretive lens for considering young people’s experiences with journalism and with citizenship. Interviews with 45 high school journalists from 19 different schools are analyzed, highlighting emerging definitions of citizenship as reflected in how young people discuss their work as student journalists. The study suggests that participation in the culture of high school journalism can provide young people with opportunities to develop the skills and experiences necessary for civic engagement, including the experience of collective decision-making. This study also argues that some young people come to understand the costs of engaged citizenship after negative experiences with their school’s administration, as such experiences reveal differing understandings of the roles of authority, journalism, and collective responsibility within the high school community that its high school journalism is meant to serve.

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A publication of the University Writing Program

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Campus Newspapers: Withstanding the Journalism Digital Crisis

By Maggie Eastland

Published: July 31, 2021

When I arrived on the Notre Dame campus this August, I noticed something that I had not seen a single time all summer—a printed newspaper. The Observer student newspaper was littered throughout the campus. In an era when journalism is shifting production to online media and websites, the prevalence of the printed newspaper on Notre Dame’s campus seemed like a step back in time. A bit of a technophobe myself, I relished reading the printed newspaper; however, I couldn't help but wonder why this campus newspaper had not been swallowed by online media like its mainstream paper counterparts. Is there some advantage campus papers have over mainstream papers that allows them to thrive, or are these printed copies simply prolonging their inevitable extinction? The answer to this question is important for college students involved in the campus newspaper, future journalists, and even current journalists who can learn from the unique situation of the campus newspaper. Despite the ever-changing journalism industry, the campus newspaper, both online and in-print, finds more success than the traditional newspaper because it caters to a specific audience, reaps the benefits of an advertising advantage, serves an educational purpose that encourages donations, and maintains readership by offering papers for free and highlighting local, personal news stories. For these reasons, campus newspapers will continue to thrive, though with some integration of new technology mediums.

In the past few decades, mainstream news has taken a huge hit to profit. Pew Research Center shows that advertising and circulation revenues have dropped steeply since 2006 with very little revenue coming from printed papers (Barthel) and employment in U.S. newsrooms has dropped by half between 2008 and 2019 (Grieco). Despite these industry trends, campus newspapers don’t seem to be laying off staff or reducing circulation at the same drastic rate. In fact, according to Rutgers journalism professor Steve Miller, Alloy Media+Marketing New York “found that 82% of students read their campus newspaper, a rate that more than doubles most major metro dailies” (Miller 10). Despite a need for additional, more recent studies, Miller’s work on campus newspapers sharply contrasts the trends shown by Pew Research Center’s data for mainstream papers, leading to the conclusion that campus newspapers have some inherent advantage over mainstream newspapers.

Several factors set campus newspapers apart and allow them to continue successful circulation. First, college campuses are composed of a very particular audience. Every student on a college campus is pursuing higher education, meaning they have already displayed a thirst for knowledge and an interest in the world. Naturally, this population will be more inclined to read the news, and thus, advertisers are more likely to pay for ads in the campus paper. Data from the Pew Research Center demonstrates how newspaper readership increases as individuals reach higher levels of education. The study compared the readership of high school graduates, those who completed some college, college graduates, those who completed some post graduate, and post graduates from 1999 to 2006. Although readership as a whole sloped downward, findings showed that a higher level of education correlated to higher levels of readership (“Daily Newspaper Readership by Education”). This conclusion suggests one possible reason that college newspapers have survived longer than mainstream papers -- campus newspapers have a concentrated audience of active, engaged individuals who have already chosen the path to higher education. Miller’s study corroborates this evidence for the college newspaper, finding that “more than half (55%) of students reported reading the newspaper in the last week, and close to 30% reported reading every issue” (Miller 10). Journalism scholars Jeremy Lipschultz and Michael Hilt confirm Miller’s findings in their work Predicting Newspaper Readership on the Campus Community . After conducting a phone survey of 402 respondents, some students, some teachers, and some employees, Lipschultz and Hilt concluded that a large majority, “92.0% of students, 97.9% of faculty, and 94.1% of staff reported reading the community daily newspaper” (Lipschultz & Hilt 1052). Based on these numbers, the researchers also noticed that individuals with more education were more likely to read the paper (Lipschultz & Hilt 1053), further proving data from the Pew Research Center. Although the report was compiled in 1999, the data still depicts the high level of readership on college campuses today, especially given the fact that electronic and other media were available to students and professors during that time. Taken together, the Pew Research Center data and the evidence of high readership from Lipschultz, Hilt, and Miller show that the specific audience available on a college campus contributes to the continued success and high readership levels of campus newspapers.

This engaged, filtered audience makes it easier for the paper to maintain strong readership; however, it also helps the campus paper make more revenue through advertising. Miller mentions how only 13% of college students reported avoiding advertisements and 80% of students actually report responding to ads (Miller 10). This research suggests that access to a targeted audience, such as a specific group of college students, strongly appeals to advertisers. Despite their limited income, college students are still large spenders, making them an attractive market to advertisers. Additionally, many companies seek to advertise to college-age communities because they are brand-loyal, geographically stable, and responsive to ads (“Marketing to College Students”). Knowing such a high percentage of readers will notice and respond to advertisements, companies are naturally more willing to pay for ads in campus newspapers. Based on published advertising rates for The Observer , national companies are willing to pay up to $1240 for a full-page printed ad and up to $12 per thousand page views for an online ad (“Rate Card 2019-2020” 3). In contrast, ad revenues for mainstream newspapers have dried up as companies turn to other avenues of Internet advertising, which provide a larger audience and more opportunities to target specific consumers (Kuttner). Campus newspapers, on the other hand, still have some appeal for advertisers over alternate Internet ads because they guarantee the ad will reach a specific population of college students. The combination of a targeted audience and high level of readership helps campus papers remain afloat while traditional papers, facing a much broader, less specified audience, rapidly lose ad revenue and subscription fee profits. Advertisers realize that college students still read the newspaper, and many want to access that specific audience; thus, campus newspapers benefit from these ad revenues and maintain strong circulation.

On top of the concentrated audience, high level of readership, and potential for advertising, campus newspapers have yet another advantage over traditional newspapers that is a direct result of their role in journalism education. While most academics agree that the modes of journalism are changing, many hold fast to the idea that what characterizes good journalism remains unmoved. In his discussion on adapting journalistic education to meet new technologies, journalism academic Martin Hirst contends that while social media skills help a journalist succeed, writing, editing, note-taking, and interviewing skills are still essential (Hirst 447). These critical skills are best formulated and practiced by learning how to write for an actual newspaper. As Roger Pace, Ph.D., of the Communication Studies Department at the University of San Diego is quoted in a University Wire Article, “the best of the online news sources are staffed by trained reporters who were schooled in journalism and ethics at daily papers” (“Fewer Newspapers on Campus”). This quote suggests that the use of print journalism on college campuses is a necessary step that allows students to apply traditional journalistic practices and principles in future digital jobs. For example, the strict deadlines, formatting, and finality of a printed newspaper teach journalism students valuable lessons and skills that can be applied in non-traditional journalism jobs. Maria Leontaras, Editor-In-Chief for The Observer highlights the fact that newspapers “serve as an excellent way for students to learn about journalism and hone their skills if they are looking to pursue a career in the field after graduation” (Leontaras). Leontaras, Pace, and Hirst all reach a similar consensus that the educational aspects of the campus newspaper are very important, suggesting another reason for the campus newspaper’s success. The learning opportunity presented by print newspapers as well as their ability to leave an important historical record (Leontaras) provide another reason for their continued success and point to another source of revenue generated by donors who want to support the education of future journalists.

While students learn valuable lessons from writing and editing a print newspaper, opportunities for students to practice digital media journalism should not be overlooked, especially since Generation Z, the generation of students in high school and college right now, rely heavily on social media for their news. As one article claims, “a stunning 82% of Gen Z and younger Millennials include among their primary sources Reddit, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Buzzfeed, Instagram, Snapchat and their desktop feed” (Myers). A recent journal article on the news habits of Generation Z confirms Myers’s conclusion by proposing that “Gen Z’s are interested in news and follow news, even though they principally access it through social media” (Click & Schwartz 7). Ignoring the high demand for online news from the college population would be a missed opportunity for the campus newspaper. At the University of Notre Dame, The Observer capitalizes on both print and digital circulation by releasing a printed newspaper three times per week, posting all printed stories on their website, and highlighting top stories on Instagram in conjunction with every print release (Leontaras). Additional evidence shows that campus newspapers such as The Observer once again beat traditional newspapers when it comes to success in the online news sphere.

Research on the use of digital journalism, specifically Twitter, on college campuses shows that campus newspapers are adapting more smoothly than traditional newspapers. Twitter investigators Kris Boyle and Carol Zuenger analyzed the Twitter pages of 25 award-winning campus newspapers, filtering results to determine the “frequency, content, and interactivity of the tweets” (Boyle & Zuenger 12). Unlike mainstream papers, the number of tweets from campus news organizations was strongly correlated with the number of followers, showing that Twitter journalism is more effective on college campuses than it is in mainstream media (Boyle & Zuegner 16). While mainstream newspapers release tweet after tweet, their following does not grow in response. Campus newspapers, on the other hand, face a very responsive audience, gaining more followers the more frequently they tweet. This once again suggests a fundamental difference between audiences, and shows that the active audience on the college campus engages with both printed campus newspapers and digital campus news. In addition, the researchers found that Tweet frequency was positively correlated to publication frequency, implying that newspapers build their Tweets around their print papers (Boyle & Zuegner 16). This style of online journalism mirrors The Observer ’s Instagram posting schedule and supports the claim that paper journalism skills supersede into non-print media, adding value to the campus newspaper. While campus newspapers might begin to use more digital tools, they still experience much greater success with these online platforms than mainstream newspapers due to their targeted audience. Many colleges manage a respectable paper circulation in addition to regular posts on their website, Instagram, and Twitter pages. This development and evidence from Boyle and Zuenger implies that the fundamental advantages of a campus newspaper—audience and educational value—impact both print and digital news formats. For most schools, including Notre Dame, that print newspaper still serves as the centering and grounding force from which digital media arise.

One more key difference between campus newspapers and mainstream newspapers is that campus newspapers are free, or at least not charged for by issue, and stocked around every corner on campus while traditional newspapers require a subscription fee. This means that campus newspapers have to make up even more revenue in advertising and donations in order to offset the free papers. In recent years, the prevalence of social media and online news has tended the narrative that news should be free, but this idea remains somewhat unrealistic. After all, printing papers and paying staff naturally costs a lot of money. Despite the inherent costs of producing a newspaper, evidence shows that college students consider subscription costs a barrier to entry in reading traditional newspapers. After all, why would college students pay for a New York Times subscription when they can simply catch up on all the current events via their Twitter feed? If traditional newspapers were free at the time of reading, like campus newspapers, students would be much more likely to read and engage with them. One survey conducted at the Rochester Institute of Technology mentions how “about 140 colleges in the United States and Canada are experimenting with providing papers to college students” through the College Readership Program in order to boost readership of national news on college campuses (Williams 25). An article published in The Chronicle of Higher Education explores this movement in greater detail through the examination of a specific case study of the College Readership Program at the University of San Diego. The journal article, titled “Free Newspapers Prompt Boom in Campus Readership,” describes how President Graham B. Spanier “arranged to stock the dormitories at all nine residential campuses with open distribution racks carrying the New York Times , USA Today , and the local newspaper” (Reinsberg). The costs are offset by an additional $13 added to room and board costs, and college students now read the mainstream news more often than ever. As the article quantifies, “nearly three-quarters of students read one of the three commercial daily newspapers regularly, at least in part because of their availability” (Reinsberg). This specific example shows that college students take an interest in news; however, the costs of print newspapers present a strong incentive not to read, especially when most news can be sourced for free via social media. This highlights yet another difference between campus and mainstream newspapers that accounts for the relative success of the campus newspaper. Campus papers are free and readily available while mainstream papers require a subscription fee. Even large news outlets recognize the opportunity presented by the captive audience on a college campus and want to capitalize on the unique situation. Ongoing debate surrounds the Collegiate Readership Program as some schools, such as Vanderbilt University, argue that it will destroy campus newspapers and the opportunities they provide for students (Reinsberg). That debate is beyond the scope of this paper; however, the disagreement only testifies to the valuable niche campus newspapers hold and their special advantages in the current news environment.

An article titled “Campus newspapers: hard times, hard choices,” published in the Gateway Journalism Review , highlights this special environment for newspapers, claiming that “the college press has long existed in a kind of alternate universe from the one its commercial counterparts inhabit,” largely due to a concentrated population of educated, involved students (Fiddler). Citing circulation reduction and online shifts at many colleges and universities, the article later argues that this idyllic market for campus news will not last (Fiddler). There is some credibility to the claim that campus newspapers will eventually face the same crisis currently paralyzing traditional newspapers; however, the relatively stable audience demographics, the education-driven approach, and the niche for local news point to the opposite conclusion. While colleges may shift the majority of production to online media, there is no strong evidence to believe that campus newspapers are doomed. Colleges seem to be actually growing more selective in recent years, micro-filtering the audience even further. Additionally, multiple sources contend that Gen-Z’s still have a strong interest in current events despite their changing preference for method of news delivery (Click & Schwartz and Myers). Both of these developments suggest that campus newspapers are not going anywhere. To further disprove the idea that campus newspapers will soon face extinction, the study conducted at the Rochester Institute of Technology finds that college students prefer reading local news in print as opposed to any other type of news (Williams 6). Editor of The Observer , Maria Leontaras emphasizes that the personal appeal of the campus newspaper adds to its popularity, writing in an email interview, “Students also grab physical copies when they are featured in the paper -- families love them” (Leontaras). Since campus newspapers specialize in reporting local campus happenings, the preference for local news in print, presents another reason why campus newspapers will continue to thrive. Finally, the ultimate educational goals of the campus newspaper ensure it will succeed thanks to benefactors and donors who provide the revenue needed to teach students the art of journalism.

Leontaras explains that The Observer receives funding through donations, a small fee added to student costs, and ad revenues both online and in-print (Leontaras). These sources of revenue identify the specific advantages of the campus newspapers for colleges around the nation. First, campus newspapers receive donations because of their educational purpose that mainstream newspapers do not benefit from. In addition, campus newspapers can subtly add a fee to students’ upfront costs so that campus papers are free and accessible at any point during the year. Finally, campus newspapers benefit from a specific, engaged audience that attracts advertisers and increases readership. These advantages and the revenue provided through a unique combination of sources allows The Observer and other student newspapers to remain relevant even as the storm of digital media and declining ad revenues threatens to destroy the outside, real-world newspapers. Understanding these reasons for success will allow current college students who are involved with campus newspapers to continue meeting the needs of their local audience and soliciting supporters for donations in order to preserve the campus newspaper for generations to come. Examining the special case of the campus newspaper and highlighting its causes of success also restores confidence in the campus newspaper’s future for current and future participants and may even provide valuable insight for how traditional newspapers can achieve similar success and stability. For example, mainstream newspapers may want to invest more resources into micro-targeted newspapers to increase readership and create a more attractive audience for advertisers. Traditional newspapers might even attempt to solicit more donations from philanthropists who understand the importance of responsible reporting. Either way, the specific success of the campus newspaper holds important implications for its direct participants and for the journalism industry at large.

Works Cited

Barthel, Michael. “Trends and Facts on Newspapers: State of the News Media.” Pew Research Center's Journalism Project , 4 Feb. 2020, www.journalism.org/fact-sheet/newspapers/.

Boyle, Kris, and Carol Zuegner. “Big Tweets on Campus: College Newspapers’ Use of Twitter.” Teaching Journalism and Mass Communication , vol. 5, no. 1, 2015, pp. 12–21.

Click, Kevin, and Neil Schwartz. “Trending Now: News Habits of Generation Z.” SSRN Electronic Journal , 2018, doi:10.2139/ssrn.3408021.

“Daily Newspaper Readership by Education.” Pew Research Center , 12 Mar. 2007, www.journalism.org/numbers/daily-newspaper-readership-by-education/.

"Fewer Newspapers on Campus." University Wire , Apr 06, 2017 . ProQuest , http://proxy.library.nd.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1885956910?accountid=12874.

Fidler, Eric. "Campus newspapers: hard times, hard choices." Gateway Journalism Review , vol. 42, no. 326, 2012, p. 12+. Gale Academic OneFile Select , https://link.gale.com/apps/

doc/A293666471/ EAIM?u=nd_ref&sid=EAIM&xid=eb9af3eb. Accessed 8 Oct. 2020.

Grieco, Elizabeth. “10 Charts about America's Newsrooms.” Pew Research Center , Pew Research Center, 30 May 2020, www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/28/10

-charts-about-americas-newsrooms/.

Hirst, Martin, and Greg Treadwell. “Blogs Bother Me.” Journalism Practice , vol. 5, no. 4, 2011, pp. 446–461., doi:10.1080/17512786.2011.555367.

Kuttner, Robert, and Hildy Zenger. “Saving the Free Press From Private Equity.” The American Prospect , 27 Dec. 2017, prospect.org/health/saving-free-press-private-equity/.

Leontaras, Maria. Personal email interview. 13 October 2020.

Lipschultz, Jeremy H, and Michael L Hilt. Psychological Reports, 1999, pp. 1051–1053, Predicting Newspaper Readership on the Campus Community .

“Marketing to College Students.” Business.com , 2020, www.business.com/articles/marketing-to-college-students/.

Miller, Steve. “Study: College Newspapers Are the Ad Rage on Campus .” Brandweek , 2008, www-proquest-com.proxy.library.nd.edu/docview/218083335/5E6FD9A29C96485BPQ/

2?accountid=12874.

Myers, Jack. “How Generation Z Gets Their News.” The Ripon Society , 16 Feb. 2018, riponsociety.org/article/how-generation-z-gets-their-news/.

“Rate Card 2019-2020.” The Observer , 1 Aug. 2019, ndsmcobserver.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1568167994-11032662657c922.pdf.

Reisberg, Leo. “Free Newspapers Prompt Boom in Campus Readership.” The Chronicle of Higher Education , 23 July 2020, www.chronicle.com/article/free-newspapers-prompt-boom-in-campus-readership/.

Williams, Kristin A. “Students' Self-Reported Preferences for Print and Online Newspapers.” RIT Scholar Works , Rochester Institute of Technology , 2003, scholarworks.rit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3553&context=theses.

Complete a reverse-outline of this essay and analyze the essay’s structure . What is the purpose and function of each paragraph? How are the ideas sequenced? Which ideas get the most space in the essay, and why?

How does this student writer develop their ethos? Point to specific sentences that demonstrate the writer’s trustworthiness, character, and investment in the topic. Then, compare these moves to another research paper published in this edition of Fresh Writing; how are the approaches to cultivating ethos similar? How are they different?

Maggie Eastland

Maggie Eastland is a Michigan native living in Pasquerilla West Hall. She is majoring in Finance and English with a minor in Journalism, Ethics, and Democracy. Her interest in the journalism industry and The Observer student newspaper spurred her research for this essay. Since writing her essay on campus newspapers and community journalism, she joined The Observer and currently works as an Associate News Editor. "Campus Newspapers: Withstanding the Journalism Digital Crisis" examines and reevaluates the supposed death of news in the context of college campus; however, as an aspiring journalist, Maggie hopes her findings can have implications for the industry as a whole and allow news outlets to remain in the business of disseminating truth. Maggie thanks Dr. Erin McLaughlin, her Writing & Rhetoric professor, for encouraging her and offering advice throughout the research and writing process.

Effects of Journalism to the Academic Standing of Student-journalists in Secondary Schools of San Juan, Batangas

• Joyce Ann Medrano

INTRODUCTION

Campus journalism provides platforms in which students highlight their skills in collecting data to come upon an article for school paper publication. However, as they go along with different journalism activities, time for academic ventures are being affected. The time supposed to allow in different academic works is allocated to fulfill journalism-related endeavors assigned. In some cases, the school protects the grades of the student-journalists by means of retaining it and exempting them from missed activities and examinations. In a way, they are able to balance their academic standing and journalism-related activities. As such, this study aimed at determining how journalism affects the academic standing of student-journalists in secondary schools of San Juan, Batangas. It also revealed the difficulties encountered in participating in Journalism.

A descriptive method was used in this study with a validated questionnaire as a research instrument. The study made use of the student journalists from different secondary schools of San Juan, Batangas as respondents, obtained through purposive sampling. Before conducting the study, the researcher secured permits to authorities.

As revealed in the study, most of the respondents are Editors of sections such as news, features, sports, and science. Likewise, most of the respondents are student-journalists for almost four years and have participated in various contests held in the Division Level. This study further revealed that students'attendance is greatly affected by their participation in Journalism-related activities. It is evident on the generated composite mean of 2.83 interpreted as frequently encountered. Likewise, they also encountered problems during examinations, output preparation, and class discussion. It is supported by the obtained composite means of 2.75, 2.71 and 2.61, respectively.

DISCUSSIONS

Journalism has a great impact on the academic standing of every student-journalists. However, their attendance, examinations, output preparation, and class discussion are greatly affected by their participation in Journalism-related activities. Despite being unable to attend classes and submit the prescribed academic requirements, the schools are making its way to provide remediation and enrichment activities to provide them with the needed skills and knowledge required in different learning areas. As such, strengthening specialized programs for student-journalists is highly recommended.

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What is campus journalism & why do students need it.

In 1991, the Philippine Government passed the Campus Journalism Act, one of the strongest laws which supports the development and promotion of student journalism, rights of the youth, and preserving the integrity of student publications. The law also states that anyone who obstructs or coerces any student publication and a student journalist shall be penalized.

Since the 18 th century, students raised their voices to demand social and political changes in their universities and countries. They then began to write letters and petitions as a form of protest. By the end of the 19 th century, universities and colleges in the U.S had weekly newspapers and many of them even had dailies. By 1973, more than 1,200 university newspapers had been published

We’ve all been a part of our school/college newspapers or magazines, be it in photos, published articles, essays, and more. However, there is more to it than just commissioning, writing and editing articles, it fosters a sense of liberalism, freedom of speech, the expression of societal issues, and other ‘tabooed’ topics that you won’t find in textbooks. Typically, a campus newspaper or magazine functions exactly how the media is supposed to – reporting the news, help determine which issues should be discussed, and keep people actively involved in society and politics.

Campus journalism exists in three main forms –

• School-sponsored – where the income arrives from university.
• Independent – a student publication not affiliated with the school
• Online – in the form of blogs, podcasts, or PDF copies of printed versions.

It gives students the opportunity to hone and practice their journalistic skills, and be the voice of change by getting readers to think about pressing issues that they probably wouldn’t have read anywhere else. Certain student communities also look to expand their horizons beyond just the campus, and discuss topics such as gender equality, human rights or even the protection of animals.

One of the biggest benefits of campus journalism is that you never get into trouble, unlike the case with mainstream media in society. However, this does not mean that reportage has ‘no limits’. Campus newspapers and magazines have established certain boundaries and authorities can even take action should these boundaries be crossed. An article in Careers 360 says the The Scholar’s Avenue lost it’s funding after publishing a report on the poor condition of the hospital, at IIT-Kharagpur. However, articles that are controversial in nature often get heavy editing or may even be completely scrapped.

Certain campus newspapers are always solely run by the students themselves, they have a presiding faculty member steering the ship. However, this doesn’t mean you will have to filter out your opinions, the faculty’s sole purpose is to serve as an advisor, that will be instrument in establishment and growth. However, being a part of a dynamic team will teach you soft-skills more than any classroom could, like effective communication and management skills.

Campus Journalism does not have to limit itself to the university level, but should also have an important stake at a National level too. Afterall, the youth are the change makers, and will determine he future of any society by formulating, amending, and implementing national policies.

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Philippine E-Journals

Home ⇛ international journal of education research for higher learning ⇛ vol. 22 no. 1 (2016), campus journalism-related factors and journalistic merits: basis for upgrading of the student paper in response to asean integration 2015.

Jan Vincent B. Laroya | Renan P. Limjuco

There are issues and concerns which confront student journalism these days, and these include concerns regarding the needs of the students especially due to the upcoming ASEAN Integration 2015. This study aimed to determine whether the campus journalism-related factors affect the journalistic merits of student publications in Davao City. The researcher made use of descriptive correlation design as well as the descriptive comparative approach involving 87 student journalists from 13 student publications of selected colleges and universities. Utilizing researcher-made questionnaires and employing mean, standard deviation, t-test, Chi-square, and Pearson r, this investigation found that the student writers have high levels of journalism proficiency; the writers’ journalistic freedom is granted and provisions of RA 7079 are implemented. Also, the relevance of issues is rated high, periodicity and regularity is rated very high, while volume of relevant articles and recognitions and awards are moderate. Moreover, the journalism proficiency is significantly correlated with the volume of relevant articles and recognitions and awards while the writers’ journalistic freedom is significantly correlated with the relevance of issues and periodicity. Lastly, the extent of implementation of RA 7079 is significantly correlated with relevance of issues. Thus, the more proficient the student writers are, the more relevant articles can be found in the issues of the student papers and the higher the quality of the write-ups are. The results suggested for the creation of an action plan for the improvement and upgrade of the student publications which would make them more adoptive and responsive to the needs of ASEAN Integration 2015.

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Nevada Today

Three journalism students win prestigious hearst awards, students zoe malen, madison lloyd and sophia holm placed in the multimedia and audio categories.

Three Reynolds School of Journalism students placed in the 2023-2024 Hearst Journalism Awards Program national competition. Zoe Malen and Madison Lloyd were awarded in the Multimedia Innovative Storytelling category and Sophia Holm placed 10th in the Audio category.

Zoe Malen won with her submission titled “Seven Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Brands to Support,” placing 13th in the Multimedia Innovative Storytelli ng Competition. Malen is currently the photo editor at the Nevada Sagebrush, and will be graduating this spring.

“Graduation is very bittersweet for me as of now. It is sad to leave the Reynolds School but I am so excited for what is to come,” said Malen.

Malen hopes to work in the film industry and to keep creating art, while also continuing her work as a photojournalist and expanding her visual storytelling skills.

The inspiration behind her story stems from her passion for environmentalism and the small steps individuals can take to help protect the planet.

“The video promotes that even just paying attention to the smaller decisions of your everyday lifestyle can really make a difference,” Malen said.

Madison Lloyd

Madison Lloyd (’23) earned 10th place in the Multimedia Innovative Storytelling Competition with her story “What Would Happen if the Yellowstone Supervolcano Were to Erupt?” Lloyd, who graduated last spring, has always been interested in the environment and natural disasters and she had recently visited Yellowstone before her project. Lloyd was very proud to place in the top ten and says this award has motivated her to put more of her work out into the world.

Since graduation, Lloyd has been pursuing freelance photography in Las Vegas and taking campaign portraits for local political candidates ahead of the 2024 election.

Sophia Holm

Sophia Holm was awarded 10th place in the audio category for reporting she did at KUNR, including her stories “Reno Fire Department Enlists Goats to Fight Fire” and “Sparks-Based Auto Shop Restores Classic Cars for Lowriding While Aiming to Help Community.”   Holm strives to report on topics that have never been reported on before in the Reno-Sparks area. When she found out she had won a Hearst award, she didn’t believe it at first.

“I was honestly shocked when I learned I was a Hearst winner," Holm said. "I got the email and didn’t open it at first because I didn’t expect to place. Then, I received an email from Nico congratulating me, and I was in disbelief. It’s an incredible honor, and I’m very grateful to have even had the opportunity to submit my work.”

Holm currently interns at KUNR Public Radio and hopes to stay at the station permanently. She is also looking at attending grad school.

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On Columbia’s Campus, a Protest Encampment Grows and Tensions Flare

On a day the university president asked students to stay home, a tent city on a campus lawn kept growing, protesters met in tense confrontations and police and politicians converged to weigh in.

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By Katherine Rosman

Reporting from Columbia University’s campus

• April 22, 2024

With a light blue academic robe tucked under her arm, Professor Marianne Hirsch hurried to get through a security line at a Columbia University entryway on Monday morning. To pass the gates, everyone had to scan IDs, in compliance with an announcement from the university’s administration that only students and faculty would be allowed on campus.

Dr. Hirsch was not on her way to a graduation ceremony, however, but to protest the university’s president, Nemat Shafik. Last Wednesday, Dr. Shafik testified at a tense congressional hearing about antisemitism on college campuses, and the next day she called in the police to empty an encampment of demonstrators protesting the war in Gaza and the university’s ties to Israel. More than 100 students were arrested .

“I am here because of her infringement on academic freedom in the congressional hearing and because of her decision to bring police on to campus to arrest students,” said Dr. Hirsch, a professor emerita in the English and Comparative Literature Department.

Around and on Columbia’s campus on Monday — as protests unfolded under perfect blue skies, just hours before the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover — there was one sentiment shared by nearly everyone, no matter their viewpoint on the war: anger at Dr. Shafik.

Students have been sleeping in tents on campus for several nights, and confrontations between protesters and counterprotesters have occasionally broken out both inside and outside Columbia’s gates. On Monday, the action on Broadway began at about 9:30 a.m., when several dozen people, several wrapped in Israeli flags, listened to a speech from Professor Shai Davidai, who has been a vocal critic of Columbia’s response to antisemitism on campus.

A trio of women who live nearby saw Dr. Davidai’s posts saying he would be at Columbia and felt an urge to attend, despite needing to prepare Passover meals for dozens of guests.

Another woman, Peggy Sarlin, attended the rally swaddled in an Israeli flag. She said she was reminded of a 2004 documentary called “Columbia Unbecoming,” about antisemitism on campus, which was hotly debated at the time of its release .

“No one has done anything to address the problem since then,” she said.

Caroline Bissonnette, a graduate student studying journalism and international affairs, was waiting in the security line to get on campus. She said the protests had been peaceful and any escalation in tension had come as a result of the university’s response. “The biggest disruption has come from the police,” she said.

By 10:30 a.m. a throng of N.Y.P.D. officers began to mass on Broadway, some in riot gear. “Is this necessary?” asked Rabbi Michael Feinberg, who runs an nonprofit that supports worker rights and economic justice, as he walked to an interfaith Earth Day celebration. “I think it’s distressing that things have reached this point where there is this kind of police presence. It is especially sad that this is happening as we prepare to celebrate Passover.”

As the police kept watch, the verbal rancor and tension escalated.

A man holding a sign that said, “Israel Kills 14,000 Kids!” shouted antisemitic slurs at onlookers. A woman who was holding a poster of an Israeli hostage engaged in a shouting match with the man until she began to cry. A man shouting, “Palestine will be free,” was escorted by police officers toward a mobile command center.

A student dressed in a graduation gown and Birkenstocks sipped a coffee as she walked down Broadway. Graduation ceremonies are on May 15, but she was dressed for a photo shoot with her sorority sister. She said she was upset at the restrictions set up so close to graduation, but also at the way students had been treated.

Within the campus itself, workers had already set up chairs for graduation ceremonies. On a lawn nearby, student protesters and reporters milled around a large encampment of about 70 tents decorated with signs and Palestinian flags.

Shouts from the crowds on Broadway could be heard on campus, but inside the gate, the tenor was quieter and less intense. A large crowd of faculty members held a walkout and news conference, then migrated across Broadway to Barnard College to continue their protest over the arrests and suspensions of students.

Groups of students took in the scene. A second-year student who asked to be identified by only her first name, Linda, hung out with friends. She said was pleased to see professors speak out against the arrest of students. She said she supported the protesters’ right to gather and also said she understood why some Jewish students felt unsafe.

Nearby, two Barnard students wearing kaffiyehs — one carrying a large Palestinian flag — made their way toward the encampment after attending a Zoom class in their dorms. They said they did not feel any regret that the end of their school year had been dominated by unrest and protest. One said the cause was more important than their education.

Inside the campus gate near West 117th Street, a mother and son hugged goodbye. They did not share their names, citing safety concerns. She had stopped by to assess his safety, after he told her he no longer felt safe at school.

He has applied to transfer to another university in the fall.

Karla Marie Sanford contributed reporting.

An earlier version of this article misstated the last name of Professor Marianne Hirsch. It is Hirsch not Hirsh.

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Katherine Rosman covers newsmakers, power players and individuals making an imprint on New York City. More about Katherine Rosman

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More than 5,000 ducks earn spot on dean's list for winter 2024.

Each term, the University of Oregon names its top students to the dean’s list in recognition of their academic achievements, and 5,055 UO students qualified for the honor for winter term 2024.

A searchable spreadsheet listing all the students on the dean’s list can be found online. The information is organized in alphabetical order by name. Note: Some students opted not to share their information.

The dean’s list is compiled for fall, winter and spring terms. To qualify, a student must be an admitted undergraduate and complete at least 12 credits with a letter grade and with a grade-point average of at least 3.75. Total undergraduate enrollment at the end of fall term was 18,974.

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