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History Gr. 10 T3 W6: Revision - The Rise of the Zulu Kingdom and the Legacies of Shaka

Revision: The Rise of the Zulu Kingdom and the Legacies of Shaka

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Shaka Zulu Essay

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Zulu , Politics , Military , Tribe , Nation , History , Services papers , Region

Words: 1700

Published: 03/31/2021

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Introduction to Shaka Zulu Essay

In this paper, I shall discuss the impact of Shaka King Zulu’s reign in Southern Africa. Specifically taking into account how Shaka was able to use his military genius and political acumen to establish the Zulu Kingdom and stabilize his reign. The purpose of this paper is to discover as to how Shaka struggled to give a name for himself before he became ruler, and how he used his power to usher the creation of the Zulu nation. Other topics this paper would discuss is the military background of Shaka under the Mtetwa, how he rose to power, and how he was killed. This paper will also examine how Shaka became a symbol of nationalism and how his name became a myth and source of debate for many.

Early Years of King Shaka

Shaka Zulu is considered a myth to African history considering that no one is aware of his origins or early career. According to Hodge (2008), he was seen by historians as an illegitimate son of a chief, who had been cast-off from the tribe and paid service to another tribe leader . Others suggest that this record is true as Osei (2001) stated that Shaka was born in 1786 to King Senzangakona, who ruled the tribe living close to the Umvolosi and Umlatusi rivers. His mother was only known as Nandi, the first great woman to ever hold honor and influence in Zulu. Despite the fame of his parents, Shaka was scorned by his tribesmen was some believed him to be an illegitimate child of their chieftain. Once his treatment got so bad, his grandmother took Shaka away and stayed in Mtetwa where he met his future second-in-command Ngomane.

Under Service to Dingiswayo

After seven years of training and staying at the Mtetwa, Shaka entered into the service of Dingiswayo, who was the tribe’s chief at the period. Many commended Shaka’s fighting prowess and his successes were known throughout the tribe. Dingiswayo at that time had only began his reign in 1795 and managed to conquer neighboring tribes like the Quadi, Qwabe, Langeni, Ntshali and many others. However, he was unable to defeat King Zwide of the Ndwande, who was also a military genius in his own right. Shaka had entered into Dingiswayo’s army at that point and immediately became the tribe chief’s favorite as he made a name for himself in many conquests. Some even called him the Sigidi (thousand) after defeating thousands of enemy tribesmen. Shaka easily rose through the ranks in Dingiswayo’s army and became the Commander in Chief of the Izicwe Regiment. Under Dingiswayo, Shaka was able to learn not just military combat, but also governance. He took every detail and analyzed which areas of the tribe’s leadership would be a threat, such as Dingiswayo’s generosity. For Shaka, aggression can be prevented by ensuring that the conquered would no longer be able to retaliate once they are defeated. While earning praises in Mtetwa, Shaka remained in touch with the happenings in his old tribe. Rise of King Shaka

As Shaka slowly honed his political policies, his father had been reported to have passed away in 1810. Dingiswayo, upon hearing the news, knew that Shaka was most trustworthy than his brothers and had asked the Zulu to see him as their king. However, one of Shaka’s half-brothers took the throne, prompting Shaka to execute a conniving scheme to remove his brother from the throne. He had sent one of his half-brothers who went with him to Mtetwa, Ngwadi, and announce to their tribe that he was killed by Dingiswayo and he had barely escaped. Ngwadi had been able to sway their tribesmen and their reigning relatives, getting the chance he needs to assassinate the king. Ngwadi was able to commit the act when the King took a bath one morning, striking him with two spears from behind. Once the act was done and reported to Shaka, Dingiswayo gave his favorite general with an imposing staff and a select group of warriors as a farewell gift. Upon arriving in the tribe, Shaka was accepted immediately and was crowned the eleventh king of the Zulu. Dingiswayo became an ally to Shaka and both of them engaged in various campaigns around the region. However, Shaka knew this would be dangerous in the long run due to the plots by their previous targets. Dingiswayo had been taken out in one of their skirmishes, prompting Shaka to unite both the Mtetwas and Zulus to defeat this alliance and become their king . Leadership and Military under King Shaka

Many historians considered Shaka to be a revolutionary in terms of reorganizing the entire kingdom. According to Knight (1995), the kingdom remained as a conglomerate of various tribes: either defeated by Shaka in the past or those who allied with him. Each of these clans retained their autonomy from one another and they are represented by regional chiefs or the izikhulu (isikhulu for singular) in the national council. It would be difficult to for Shaka or his successors to argue against these chiefs as they may end up indoctrinating the tribes handled by these chiefs and risk being killed. However, Shaka had showcased that he can balance these chiefs by centralizing power to himself and staving these chiefs away from full control and revert the system back to its previous state before his reign.

Shaka had also reorganized the nation’s military and political system as he permitted young men from other tribes to enter service directly to the king rather than going to the local chiefs. This ensured that Shaka had full control over the military and the economy, binding the clans under his rule. He also established guilds called the amabutho (ibutho), which recruited members based on their age or capacity. Usually, members of the amabutho would need to serve the king for 15 to 20 years. Once their term is finished, they can marry and move around; however, these men can still be called into service in emergencies. Shaka also exerted a tight grip over his constituents since at that time, only his political system existed to unite them . It was said that the first clear contact and record about Shaka was written at this point through the diary of a British medic, Henry Francis Fynn. Fynn was in Durban as the medic of the British ivory traders in 1824. Under his leadership, according to these records, Zulu managed to claim the area now known today as Natal and reached even to the Eastern Cape. His conquests even triggered the movement of many Africans towards southeast Africa or the mfecane. This left many areas in the region underpopulated and undeveloped .

Death of Shaka King and Legacy

Shaka was killed in 1828 by his followers and his half-brother Dingane, who eventually succeeded the throne as the new king. According to Falola (2002), although Shaka had made Zulu a formidable nation, the fact he left the nation without a legitimate heir caused the nation to crumble. Many were also against Shaka’s rule because he had alienated many of his relatives and allies. He was also never married despite having the choice of concubines and royal women to become his bride, killing those found pregnant of his progeny in the fear this heir would claim his position. He was also quite notorious for killing tribesmen who made a single mistake such as in 1827 when he killed several people because they were not morning properly for the death of his mother. However, Shaka’s successor had triggered the downfall of the kingdom as he did not have the same military and political acumen as Shaka. Dingane even directed his attention towards the Boers of South Africa, whom he perceived as rivals to his kingdom . Britain was even requested to intercede to stop the fighting; but, it led to the Zulu War of 1879. Although the British army failed to win in the Battle of Isandhiwana, it had slowly broken the Zulu nation break apart due to the impact of the war .

Regardless of the destruction of the empire he had built, Shaka remained an icon for many ethnic groups, especially for the nationalists. According to Wright (2006), the King’s life became a myth for both whites and blacks alike from 1880 to the 1920s, seeing him as the revolutionary in the region. Historians argued that many of Shaka’s allies may have manipulated the records deliberately to ensure that Shaka would be seen in a negative light by the future generation. Admittedly, he had been the cause of major uprooting and migrations of many tribes due to his violent conquests. However, some viewed him as a prime mover or a revolutionary as he was able to establish a somewhat stable government despite the lack of example. As the years progressed, Shaka was viewed as the face of African nationalism as nationalists used him as an example for South Africans to emulate to regain control of their ‘nation’ which the British government took from them .

While history remains uncertain as to the actual account of King Shaka’s life, it could be argued that Shaka was a revolutionary in his own right. He had used his military and political genius to establish a united nation with its very own political system unlike anything seen in the region. He understood where the existing political regimes were weak and exploited it to gain his throne. He had been the one who raised a revolution around the region to unite tribes into one group. Shaka also showed ruthlessness that earned him enemies, but it had enabled him to secure his throne and nation without putting them into chaos.

Falola, T. (2002). Key Events in African History: A Reference Guide. Westport: Greenwood Publishing. Hodge, C. C. (2008). Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800-1914. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. Knight, I. (1995). Zulu, 1816-1906. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. Osei, G. K. (2001). Shaka the Great. Baltimore: Black Classic Press. Wright, J. (2006). Reconstituting Shaka Zulu for the twenty-first century. Southern African Humanities, 18(3), 139-153.

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IsiZulu Grade 10 Past Exam Papers and Memos pdf download

Get access to all the grade 10 isizulu past exam papers and memos from previous years to help you prepare for your upcoming test..

Are you looking for the IsiZulu Grade 10 past Exam Papers and Memos? Do you want to get ready for your upcoming school exams? If yes, then this article is for you. Read on to know more about the grade 10 IsiZulu exam past papers, memos and notes. Also, we have listed some of the best study materials to crack your upcoming exams and interviews. Read on to know more.

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What is a Grade 10 IsiZulu past papers?

Grade 10 IsiXhosa past papers are academic papers that were written by students who took the IsiXhosa language course in Grade 10. These papers can be useful for current Grade 10 students who are preparing for their final exams, as well as for anyone who wants to learn more about the IsiXhosa language. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including grammar, vocabulary, and cultural aspects of the language. 

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Home — Essay Samples — History — Historical Figures — Shaka Zulu

Essays on Shaka Zulu

Shaka Zulu was a powerful and influential leader of the Zulu Kingdom in South Africa during the early 19th century. His military prowess and strategic innovations reshaped the political landscape of the region, and his legacy continues to be studied and debated by historians and scholars. Writing an essay on Shaka Zulu provides an opportunity to delve into the complex history of this iconic figure and explore the impact of his rule on African society and beyond.

The Importance of the Topic

The study of Shaka Zulu is significant for a number of reasons. First and foremost, his leadership and military strategies had a profound impact on the Zulu Kingdom and its neighboring regions. By examining his life and legacy, we can gain insight into the social, political, and military dynamics of the time. Additionally, Shaka Zulu's influence has reverberated throughout history, shaping the perceptions of African leadership and the broader narrative of colonialism and imperialism. By exploring this topic, students and scholars can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of African history and the enduring legacy of colonialism.

Advice on Choosing a Topic

When selecting a topic for an essay on Shaka Zulu, it's important to consider the various aspects of his life and legacy. Some potential topics include:

• The rise of Shaka Zulu: Explore the early life and ascent to power of Shaka Zulu, including his relationships with other leaders and his military campaigns.
• Shaka Zulu's military strategies: Analyze the innovative military tactics employed by Shaka Zulu and their impact on the Zulu Kingdom and beyond.
• The impact of Shaka Zulu's rule: Examine the social and political changes that occurred under Shaka Zulu's leadership and their lasting effects on African society.
• Shaka Zulu's legacy: Discuss the ways in which Shaka Zulu's influence has been remembered and interpreted in the centuries since his rule, including his portrayal in popular culture and historical narratives.

These are just a few examples of the many possible essay topics related to Shaka Zulu. When choosing a topic, consider your own interests and the specific aspects of Shaka Zulu's life and legacy that you find most compelling.

Writing an essay on Shaka Zulu offers a valuable opportunity to explore the complex history and enduring legacy of this influential leader. By delving into the social, political, and military dynamics of his rule, students and scholars can gain a deeper understanding of African history and the impact of colonialism. Whether examining his military strategies, his impact on the Zulu Kingdom, or his lasting legacy, there are many compelling topics to explore within the study of Shaka Zulu. Ultimately, writing about Shaka Zulu allows for a deeper understanding of African history and the enduring legacy of colonialism and imperialism.

Shaka Zulu; His Life, Times and Legacy

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A Comparison of The Development of States in Africa and America

c. July 1787

22 September 1828 (age 41)

1816 – 1828

Shaka kaSenzangakhona, Sigidi kaSenzangakhona

Shaka was born in the lunar month of uNtulikazi (July) in the year of 1787 near Melmoth, KwaZulu-Natal Province. Shaka was the son of Senzangakona, chieftain of the Zulu, and Nandi, an orphaned princess of the neighbouring Langeni clan. When he was 23, Dingiswayo called up Shaka’s Dletsheni age group for military service.

Senzangakona died in 1816, and Shaka was sent to take over the Zulu. He was one of the most influential monarchs of the Zulu. His first act was to reorganize the army. His reign coincided with the start of the Mfecane/Difaqane, a period of devastating warfare southern Africa between 1815 and 1840.

Shaka's half-brothers, Dingane and Mhlangana, together with an induna named Mbopa, murdered him in September 1828.

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History Grade 10 - Topic 2 Essay Questions

Impact of Slave Trade and Colonisation on Indigenous Societies at the Cape

Based on the 2012 Grade 10 NSC Exemplar Paper:

Grade 10 Past Exam Paper

Grade 10 Source Addendum

Grade 10 Past Exam Memo

"The slave trade had a huge impact on the indigenous people living in the Cape in the 18th Century."  Do you agree with this statement? Substantiate your answer by using relevant examples. 

In 1602 The Dutch East India Company (VOC) was established to trade spices, silks and calico with the East Indies. [1] These voyages took months and as a result the Dutch established a refreshment post at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652. Initially, the Dutch did not plan to colonize the Cape, but rather wanted to trade goods, such as alcohol and tabacco with the Khoikhoi for sheep and cattle. [2] However, after the refreshment post was established employees of the company became settlers who farmed with vegetables and bought livestock from the Khoikhoi, which they would trade to passing ships. By the start of the eighteenth century the expanding settlers experienced a shortage in labour and by 1717 slave labour, which was already prevalent in the Cape, was declared as the main form of labour. [3] Therefore, one could argue that colonisation process and the slave trade had a major impact on the indigenous societies at the Cape as they fought for freedom, land and their lives.

Firstly, the growing Dutch settlement and the increasing need for agricultural labourers resulted in the use of slave labour as the main form of labour at the Cape. Wine and wheat farmers started to buy imported slaves from Madagascar, Mozambique and Indonesia from the VOC. [4] The slave trade and colonization of the Cape created a racial hierarchy where Europeans viewed themselves as superior to the Khoikhoi, San, imported slaves and Africans. [5] Black people were viewed as suitable slaves and these ideas remained prevalent in South Africa after the colonization process had ended and the slave trade was abolished. These slaves were subjected to Dutch laws, customs and were exposed to racist ideologies where they were treated as inferior to Europeans based on their skin colour and slave status. [6] These racist ideologies, which justified slavery, enabled Europeans to abuse their slaves. Slaves were exposed to sexual and physical abuse, forced to live in unsanitary and overcrowded conditions while working for long hours. Slaves were also regarded as possessions, who had no rights to marry and whose children were also born as possessions of the slave owners. [7] The slaves also became assimilated into Western societies and became culturally disintegrated as their African identity and traditions were torn away. The Cape became characterized by the Dutch culture which was enforced upon the slaves. Slaves, however, were not often baptized as the Dutch believed that a fellow Christian could not be enslaved. Slaves and Khoikhoi were not encouraged to become Christians as the Dutch wanted to enforce inequality amongst them with the indigenous societies and their slaves. [8] The Khoikhoi were also treated unequal to a Dutch settler in the court of law based on a racial hierarchy which promoted the white man as superior due to his race. [9]

Secondly, the establishment of a refreshment post resulted in more Europeans becoming settlers at the Cape who expanded agricultural production and obtained livestock for herding. This led to indigenous societies, such as the Khoikhoi losing their land and cattle as the European settlements grew. [10] This loss of land and cattle led to conflict between the indigenous societies and the Dutch settlers. Chief Gonnema of the Cochoqua refused to trade with the Dutch. This resulted in the Dutch using rival Khoikhoi clans to raid the Cochoqua herds between 1673 and 1677. This was the second Khoi-Khoi Dutch War which sprout out of the colonisation process at the Cape. [11] The nomadic Khoikhoi, who moved around the Cape according to the different seasons and in search of good grazing ground, often came into conflict with settlers the more they moved inland. Settlers would take the Khoikhoi’s livestock by force or if they did trade with the Khoikhoi they would pay far less than what the items were valued. [12] The Khoikhoi retaliated by poising the water holes of the Dutch and entered two wars with the Dutch settlers. By the eighteenth century the Khoikhoi living within the borders of the Cape Colony were forced to become servants of the Dutch settlers. [13]

Thirdly, the colonisation process at the Cape exposed indigenous societies to European diseases, which they were not accustomed to. In 1713 the Khoikhoi and San were exposed to the smallpox after a Dutch ship infected with the disease landed at the Cape. [14] This wiped out nearly 90% of the indigenous populations as they had not yet encountered this disease. [15]

In conclusion, the colonization process and slave trade at the Cape had a vast impact on the indigenous societies. Colonization led to the loss of land and livestock of indigenous societies, while exposure to diseases cost the lives of 90% of the indigenous population. Colonization and the use of slave labour also reinforced the idea of a racial hierarchy at the Cape Colony, which resulted in the unequal treatment amongst different races. Slaves were also exposed to abuse as they were viewed as inferior to Dutch settlers. Finally, colonization also entailed the loss of the indigenous societies and slaves’ cultural identity as they became assimilated into a Western culture.

Tips & Notes:

• Check out our Essay Writing Skills  for more tips on writing essays.
• Remember, this is just an example essay.  You still need to use the work provided by your teacher or learned in class.
• It is important to check in with your teacher and make sure this meets his/her requirements.  For example, they might prefer that you do not use headings in your essay.

This content was originally produced for the SAHO classroom by Ilse Brookes, Amber Fox-Martin & Simone van der Colff

[1] Author Unknown, “Africa, Portugal”, South African History Online, (Uploaded: 9 November 2011), (Accessed: 31 July 2020), Available at: https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/africa-portugal

[5] The Department of Basic Education South Africa, “National Senior Certificate: Grade 10 History Exemplar 2012 Memorandum”, (Uploaded: November 2012), (Accessed: 31 July 2020), Available at: https://www.mycomlink.co.za/exams/History%20GR%2010%20Exemplar%202012%20Memo%20Eng.pdf

[6] Author Unknown, “Africa, Portugal”, South African History Online, (Uploaded: 9 November 2011), (Accessed: 31 July 2020), Available at: https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/africa-portugal

[9] The Department of Basic Education South Africa, “National Senior Certificate: Grade 10 History Exemplar 2012 Memorandum”, (Uploaded: November 2012), (Accessed: 31 July 2020), Available at: https://www.mycomlink.co.za/exams/History%20GR%2010%20Exemplar%202012%20Memo%20Eng.pdf

[10] Author Unknown, “Africa, Portugal”, South African History Online, (Uploaded: 9 November 2011), (Accessed: 31 July 2020), Available at: https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/africa-portugal

[12] The Department of Basic Education South Africa, “National Senior Certificate: Grade 10 History Exemplar 2012 Memorandum”, (Uploaded: November 2012), (Accessed: 31 July 2020), Available at: https://www.mycomlink.co.za/exams/History%20GR%2010%20Exemplar%202012%20Memo%20Eng.pdf

[13] The Department of Basic Education South Africa, “National Senior Certificate: Grade 10 History Exemplar 2012 Memorandum”, (Uploaded: November 2012), (Accessed: 31 July 2020), Available at: https://www.mycomlink.co.za/exams/History%20GR%2010%20Exemplar%202012%20Memo%20Eng.pdf

• Author Unknown, “Africa, Portugal”, South African History Online, (Uploaded: 9 November 2011), (Accessed: 31 July 2020), Available at: https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/africa-portugal
• The Department of Basic Education South Africa, “National Senior Certificate: Grade 10 History Exemplar 2012 Memorandum”, (Uploaded: November 2012), (Accessed: 31 July 2020), Available at: https://www.mycomlink.co.za/exams/History%20GR%2010%20Exemplar%202012%20Memo%20Eng.pdf

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