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• Question suggestion for conversational shopping assistants using product metadata Nikhita Vedula , Oleg Rokhlenko , Shervin Malmasi SIGIR 2024 2024 Digital assistants have become ubiquitous in e-commerce applications, following the recent advancements in Information Retrieval (IR), Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, customers are often unsure or unaware of how to effectively converse with these assistants to meet their shopping needs. In this work, we emphasize the importance of providing customers Conversational AI
• iEdit: Localised text-guided image editing with weak supervision Rumeysa Bodur , Erhan Gundogdu , Binod Bhattarai , Tae-Kyun Kim , Michael Donoser , Loris Bazzani CVPR 2024 Workshop on Generative Models for Computer Vision 2024 Diffusion models (DMs) can generate realistic images with text guidance using large-scale datasets. However, they demonstrate limited controllability on the generated images. We introduce iEdit, a novel method for text-guided image editing conditioned on a source image and textual prompt. As a fully-annotated dataset with target images does not exist, previous approaches perform subject-specific fine-tuning Computer vision
• Diversified ensembling: An experiment in crowdsourced machine learning Ira Globus-Harris , Declan Harrison , Michael Kearns , Pietro Perona , Aaron Roth AISTATS 2024 2024 Crowdsourced machine learning on competition platforms such as Kaggle is a popular and often effective method for generating accurate models. Typically, teams vie for the most accurate model, as measured by overall error on a holdout set, and it is common towards the end of such competitions for teams at the top of the leaderboard to ensemble or average their models outside the platform mechanism to get Machine learning
• MASSIVE Multilingual Abstract Meaning Representation: A dataset and baselines for hallucination detection Michael Regan , Shira Wein , George Baker , Emilio Monti *SEM 2024 2024 Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) is a semantic formalism that captures the core meaning of an utterance. There has been substantial work developing AMR corpora in English and more recently across languages, though the limited size of existing datasets and the cost of collecting more annotations are prohibitive. With both engineering and scientific questions in mind, we introduce MASSIVE-AMR, a dataset Conversational AI
• Fewer truncations improve language modeling Hantian Ding , Zijian Wang , Giovanni Paolini , Varun Kumar , Anoop Deoras , Dan Roth , Stefano Soatto ICML 2024 2024 In large language model training, input documents are typically concatenated together and then split into sequences of equal length to avoid padding tokens. Despite its efficiency, the concatenation approach compromises data integrity—it inevitably breaks many documents into incomplete pieces, leading to excessive truncations that hinder the model from learning to compose logically coherent and factually Conversational AI
• Gender representation across online retail products Dana Pessach Meidler , Barbara Poblete ACM FAccT 2024 2024 We present a broad characterization of gender representation in a large heterogeneous sample of retail products. In particular, we study online product textual information, such as titles and descriptions. Our goal is to understand from a semantic perspective, differences and similarities in how girls (women) and boys (men) are represented. We perform a comparative analysis of the language used in gendered Conversational AI
• Explainable uncertainty attribution for sequential recommendation Carles Balsells Rodas , Fan Yang , Zhishen Huang , Yan Gao SIGIR 2024 2024 Sequential recommendation systems suggest products based on users’ historical behaviours. The inherent sparsity of user-item interactions in a vast product space often leads to unreliable recommendations. Recent research addresses this challenge by leveraging auxiliary product relations to mitigate recommendation uncertainty, and quantifying uncertainty in recommendation scores to modify the candidates Machine learning
• BELIEVE: Belief-enhanced instruction generation and augmentation for zero-shot bias mitigation Lisa Bauer , Ninareh Mehrabi , Palash Goyal , Kai-Wei Chang , Aram Galstyan , Rahul Gupta NAACL 2024 Workshop on TrustNLP 2024 Language models, pre-trained on large amounts of unmoderated content, have been shown to contain societal biases. Mitigating such biases typically requires access to model parameters and training schemas. In this work, we address bias mitigation at inference time, such that it can be applied to any black-box model. To this end, we propose a belief generation and aug-mentation framework, BELIEVE, that demonstrates Conversational AI
• WikiDT: Visual-based table recognition and question answering dataset Hui Shi , Yusheng Xie , Luis Goncalves , Sicun Gao , Jishen Zhao ICDAR 2024 2024 Companies and organizations grapple with the daily burden of document processing. As manual handling is tedious and error-prune, automating this process is a significant goal. In response to this demand, research on table extraction and information extraction from scanned documents in gaining increasing traction. These extractions are fulfilled by machine learning models that require large-scale and realistic Computer vision
• Prompting vision-language models for aspect-controlled generation of referring expressions Danfeng Guo , Sanchit Agarwal , Arpit Gupta , Jiun-Yu Kao , Emre Barut , Tagyoung Chung , Mohit Bansal NAACL 2024 2024 Referring Expression Generation (REG) is the task of generating a description that unambiguously identifies a given target in the scene. Different from Image Captioning (IC), REG requires learning fine-grained characteristics of not only the scene objects but also their surrounding context. Referring expressions are usually not singular; an object can often be uniquely referenced in numerous ways, for in-stance Computer vision
• TouchUp-G: Improving feature representation through graph-centric finetuning Jing Zhu , Xiang Song , Vassilis N. Ioannidis , Danai Koutra , Christos Faloutsos SIGIR 2024 , KDD 2023 Workshop on Knowledge Augmented Methods for NLP 2024 How can we enhance the node features acquired from Pretrained Models (PMs) to better suit downstream graph learning tasks? Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become the state-of-the-art approach for many high-impact, real-world graph applications. For feature-rich graphs, a prevalent practice involves directly utilizing a PM to generate features. Nevertheless, this practice is suboptimal as the node features Machine learning
• FairRAG: Fair human generation via fair retrieval augmentation Robik Shrestha , Yang Zou , James Chen , Zhiheng Li , Yusheng Xie , Tiffany Deng CVPR 2024 2024 Existing text-to-image generative models reflect or even amplify societal biases ingrained in their training data. This is especially concerning for human image generation where models are biased against certain demographic groups. Existing attempts to rectify this issue are hindered by the inherent limitations of the pre-trained models and fail to substantially improve demographic diversity. In this work Computer vision
• Leveraging interesting facts to enhance user engagement with conversational interfaces Nikhita Vedula , Giuseppe Castellucci , Eugene Agichtein , Oleg Rokhlenko , Shervin Malmasi NAACL 2024 2024 Conversational Task Assistants (CTAs) guide users in performing a multitude of activities, such as making recipes. However, ensuring that interactions remain engaging, interesting, and enjoyable for CTA users is not trivial, especially for time-consuming or challenging tasks. Grounded in psychological theories of human interest, we propose to engage users with con-textual and interesting statements or facts Conversational AI
• AutoGluon-Multimodal (AutoMM): Supercharging multimodal AutoML with foundation models Zhiqiang Tang , Haoyang Fang , Su Zhou , Taojiannan Yang , Zihan Zhong , Tony Hu , Katrin Kirchhoff , George Karypis International Conference on Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) 2024 2024 AutoGluon-Multimodal (AutoMM) is introduced as an open-source AutoML library designed specifically for multimodal learning. Distinguished by its exceptional ease of use, AutoMM enables fine-tuning of foundation models with just three lines of code. Supporting various modalities including image, text, and tabular data, both independently and in combination, the library offers a comprehensive suite of functionalities Machine learning
• A deep dive into large language models for automated bug localization and repair Soneya Binta Hossain , Nan Jiang , Qiang Zhou , Xiaopeng LI , Wen-Hao Chiang , Yingjun Lyu , Hoan Nguyen , Omer Tripp Conference on the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE) 2024 2024 Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive effectiveness in various software engineering tasks, including automated program repair (APR). In this study, we take a deep dive into automated bug localization and repair utilizing LLMs. In contrast to many deep learning-based APR methods that assume known bug locations, rely on line-level localization tools, or address bug prediction and fixing in one Conversational AI

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Case Study: Strategizing at Amazon When Globalization Comes Under Pressure

• First Online: 10 September 2019

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• Jeremy Ghez 2  

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Amazon’s success depends on the access it enjoys to a single and global market. While this has been true for now, the firm’s CEO wonders whether he and others have taken globalization for granted. The case reviews the evidence and discusses the extent to which globalization could go into reverse mode. It then explores the options a firm like Amazon would have to hedge against this risk. The case has several implications for architects of change. In particular, it shows how important it is for them to consider what they are taking for granted and how much they depend on it. It also shows the importance for actors looking for impact of remaining nimble in a turbulent business environment.

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“The Steam Has Gone out of Globalisation,” The Economist , January 24, 2019, https://www.economist.com/leaders/2019/01/24/the-steam-has-gone-out-of-globalisation .

Martin Sandbu, “Three Reasons Why Globalisation Will Survive Protectionist Rebellions,” Financial Times , March 9, 2017, https://www.ft.com/content/1a4e31ce-0333-11e7-aa5b-6bb07f5c8e12 .

Martin Wolf, “Donald Trump Faces the Reality of World Trade,” Financial Times , November 22, 2016, https://www.ft.com/content/064d51b0-aff4-11e6-9c37-5787335499a0 .

See Wolf; Wen Wang, “Emerging Markets Are Set to Lead Globalisation,” Financial Times , April 10, 2017, https://www.ft.com/content/f60d77a4-1ded-11e7-b7d3-163f5a7f229c .

“Globalisation Has Faltered,” The Economist , January 24, 2019, https://www.economist.com/briefing/2019/01/24/globalisation-has-faltered?fsrc=scn/tw/te/rfd/pe .

Ralf Dreischmeier, Karalee Close, and Philippe Trichet, “The Digital Imperative,” The Boston Consulting Group (blog), March 2, 2015, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2015/digital-imperative.aspx .

Jeff Desjardins, “This Is What Happens in an Internet Minute in 2018,” World Economic Forum (blog), May 16, 2018, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/05/what-happens-in-an-internet-minute-in-2018/ .

New York Times journalist Tom Friedman called this the Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention which he stated this way: “No two countries that are both part of a major global supply chain, like Dell’s, will ever fight a war against each other as long as they are both part of the same global supply chain.”

Niall Ferguson, The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World , 1 edition (New York London: Penguin Books, 2009).

Graham Allison, “The Thucydides Trap: Are the U.S. and China Headed for War?,” The Atlantic , September 24, 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/09/united-states-china-war-thucydides-trap/406756/ .

“Why Is World Trade Growth Slowing?,” The Economist , October 12, 2016, http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2016/10/economist-explains-5 .

Shawn Donnan, “Global Trade Slowdown Worse than Thought,” Financial Times , July 13, 2016, https://www.ft.com/content/97a10864-490b-11e6-8d68-72e9211e86ab .

World Trade Organization, “WTO Downgrades Outlook for Global Trade as Risks Accumulate,” September 27, 2018, https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres18_e/pr822_e.htm .

International Monetary Fund, “Global Trade: What’s Behind the Slowdown,” in World Economic Outlook , 2016, 63–87, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/ .

Greg Ip, “Can Globalization Be Salvaged?,” Wall Street Journal , November 2, 2016, sec. Economy, http://www.wsj.com/articles/can-globalization-be-salvaged-1478102789 .

See for instance Claire Jones, “G7 Signs off on Watered-down Free Trade Pledge,” Financial Times , May 13, 2017, https://www.ft.com/content/6cdbdba6-37c9-11e7-821a-6027b8a20f23; Claire Jones and Sam Fleming, “G20 Drops Vow to Resist All Forms of Protectionism,” Financial Times , March 18, 2017, https://www.ft.com/content/241cdf2a-0be9-11e7-a88c-50ba212dce4d .

Jinping Xi, “Speech to Davos” (January 17, 2017), https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/full-text-of-xi-jinping-keynote-at-the-world-economic-forum/ .

Allison, “The Thucydides Trap.”

“Globalisation Has Faltered.”

You can find a summary of the debate here: Lorenzo Bini Smaghi, “How Far Will the Pendulum Swing against Globalisation?,” Financial Times (blog), November 15, 2016, https://www.ft.com/content/0c777dda-bed4-326e-b130-2ab08079e5a9 .

Branko Milanovic, “Why the Global 1% and the Asian Middle Class Have Gained the Most from Globalization,” Harvard Business Review (blog), May 13, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/05/why-the-global-1-and-the-asian-middle-class-have-gained-the-most-from-globalization .

Dani Rodrik, “There Is No Need to Fret about Deglobalisation,” Financial Times , October 4, 2016, https://www.ft.com/content/d9a28a08-895c-11e6-8cb7-e7ada1d123b1 .

Kim Hart, “Dave McClure’s Investment Strategy for the Trump Era,” Axios , March 16, 2017, https://www.axios.com/dave-mcclures-investment-strategy-for-the-trump-era-2316191240.html .

Gilles Sengès, “Carlos Diaz: «Le Mur de Trump, C’est La Silicon Valley Qui L’a Construit»,” L’Opinion , November 13, 2016, http://www.lopinion.fr/edition/international/carlos-diaz-mur-trump-c-est-silicon-valley-qui-l-a-construit-114167 .

“The Steam Has Gone out of Globalisation.”

Laura Stevens and Sarah Nassauer, “Amazon Fights Wal-Mart for Low-Income Shoppers,” Wall Street Journal , June 6, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-fights-wal-mart-for-low-income-shoppers-1496732400 .

Louise Lucas, “Alibaba Kicks off Ambitious Plan for Frontier-Free Global Trade,” Financial Times , March 22, 2017, https://www.ft.com/content/590d815a-0ec6-11e7-a88c-50ba212dce4d .

Elizabeth Weise, “Alibaba Launches Program to Help 1 Million U.S. Businesses Sell to China,” USA Today , April 25, 2017, https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2017/04/25/alibaba-launches-program-help-1-million-us-businesses-sell-china/100827290/ .

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Ghez, J. (2019). Case Study: Strategizing at Amazon When Globalization Comes Under Pressure. In: Architects of Change. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20684-0_8

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The Amazon Company’s Story of Success Research Paper

Introduction, the history of amazon, stakeholders influence, the most significant characteristics of an organization, organization missed opportunity.

Amazon focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing and artificial intelligence. Amazon is widely known for selling and delivering goods over the Internet and is the largest retail company by market capitalization. Amazon’s success story is an open book for those who want to learn from the growth of a profitable and innovative multinational corporation. Therefore, it is important to identify the main services of the company and determine what its success is based on.

The history of Amazon started with the wish of Jeff Bezos, who left highly paid job, to launch a business. The future founder of the largest company worked in a hedge fund, where he was deputy prime minister and had a good stable income. Bezos’ idea was to create a store that sells any goods. But there were many obstacles on the way to the goal: the future entrepreneur lacked funds, investments and experience. Jeffrey started his new activity by creating his own website. He planned to sell everything, but decided to focus on 20 areas, primarily books (Rikap, 2022). Among the goods that could be sold well over the Internet, he attributed office supplies, computer software, movies and music.

In general, there are two types of project stakeholders: internal and external. Internal stakeholders are those whom you usually consider to be project participants. This category includes all employees of the company involved in the project — from one’s direct subordinates to senior management (Liberty et al., 2020). On the other hand, external stakeholders are not part of your organization. These can be clients, an agency or contractor, users, investors, suppliers, and other external contractors. If we consider investors, they can increase the company’s income by investing in it. In addition, investors can stage a reduction of the company. The management, being an internal stakeholder, can actually reduce employees or change the concept of the company, which will also affect the financial part.

Each organization differs from the others in various aspects (Liberty et al., 2020). Key features of a company are an inseparable attachment to the external and internal environment (Liberty et al., 2020). The success of an organization can be influenced by factors such as competitiveness in the market and the economic situation in the country. If there is no or little alternative in the chosen niche, the success of the organization will be achieved faster. The favorable economic situation in the country has a good effect on the development of the company. For example, the absence of crisis and inflation gives the company the opportunity to develop fully.

Dash Button buttons made it easy to order consumable products on Amazon. To do this, it was necessary to link any product and its required quantity to the button. To place an order, just click on it. The device could be attached to a cabinet or to a washing machine. This year Amazon stopped selling Dash Button (Berg & Knights, 2021). The product was a phenomenal success, because thanks to it, customers could make purchases without using screen devices. As a result, the rash act of curtailing this new technology had a negative impact on the company. The curtailment of this function caused a wave of indignation among customers and the company’s revenue significantly decreased.

In conclusion, established business empire Amazon has no precedent in the history of American entrepreneurship. The company is at the forefront of endless changes in customer service and technological advances. As a result, Amazon has a constant upward trajectory, and its dominance in the e–commerce arena does not weaken. Amazon is not only an online shopping site, but also much more: one of the most influential economic and cultural forces in the world.

Berg, N., & Knights, M. (2021). Amazon: How the world’s most relentless retailer will continue to revolutionize commerce . Kogan Page Publishers.

Liberty, E., Karnin, Z., Xiang, B., Rouesnel, L., Coskun, B., Nallapati, R., & Smola, A. (2020). Elastic machine learning algorithms in amazon sagemaker . In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data , 731-737. Web.

Rikap, C. (2022). Amazon: A story of accumulation through intellectual rentiership and predation. Competition & Change , 26 (3-4), 436-466. Web.

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IvyPanda. (2024, March 6). The Amazon Company's Story of Success. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-amazon-companys-story-of-success/

"The Amazon Company's Story of Success." IvyPanda , 6 Mar. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/the-amazon-companys-story-of-success/.

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IvyPanda . 2024. "The Amazon Company's Story of Success." March 6, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-amazon-companys-story-of-success/.

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IvyPanda . "The Amazon Company's Story of Success." March 6, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-amazon-companys-story-of-success/.

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Amazon.com Inc. Company Report

• Published: March 2022
• 17639 Words

• DESCRIPTION
• TABLE OF CONTENTS
• COMPANIES MENTIONED

Amazon.com Inc. was founded in 1994 in Washington and Amazon.com as a website became first active in July 1995 to become the largest online retailer in the world to offer Earth’s Biggest Selection in less than two decades. The e-commerce and cloud computing company generated revenues of USD 386 billion and earned a net income of USD 21.3 billion in 2020 alone (Annual Report, 2020)

The e-commerce giant employs approximately 1,3 million full-time and part-time employees referred to as Amazonians (Annual Report, 2020). Amazon has declared its adherence to four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence and long-term thinking. These principles represent sources of Amazon’s competitive advantage.

Amazon business strategy is a hybrid of cost leadership and business diversification. The online retailer also benefits from encouraging communication between various elements within its ecosystem and promotion of its leadership principles consisting of 16 points discussed in this report. The founder and former CEO Jeff Bezos prefers to base business strategy on things that do not change. Specifically, consumers will always want low prices, variety and speedy delivery of their orders. Amazon focuses on these facts via effective integration of information technology into various business processes.

Combination of pragmatist, visionary and autocratic leadership styles are exercised at various levels at Amazon. The company has a hierarchical organizational structure. Nevertheless, it remains highly flexible to adapt to frequent changes in the external marketplace. Amazon organizational culture, on the other hand, is based on the principles of high level of cost-consciousness, constant reinvention and improvement of organizational culture and customer obsession.

Major weaknesses associated with Amazon include seasonality of the business, low profit margins and lack of focus on specific product or service categories. Moreover, a weak competitive position of Amazon’s Fire Phone and damage to the brand image due to tax avoidance scandal in the UK can be listed as weaknesses of Amazon. Furthermore, harsh working conditions for warehouse employees is a noteworthy weakness for the tech giant.

Amazon.com Inc. Report contains the application of the major analytical strategic frameworks in business studies such as SWOT, PESTEL, Porter’s Five Forces, Value Chain analysis, Ansoff Matrix and McKinsey 7S Model on Amazon. Moreover, the report contains analyses of Amazon business strategy, leadership and organizational structure and ecosystem. The report also analysis marketing strategy, ecosystem and discusses the issues of corporate social responsibility.

1. Executive Summary 2. Business Strategy 3. Leadership 4. Organisational Structure 5. Organizational Culture 6. Amazon and Ansoff Matrix 7. SWOT Analysis 7.1 Strengths 7.2 Weaknesses 7.3 Opportunities 7.4 Threats 8. PESTEL Analysis 8.1 Political Factors 8.2 Economic Factors 8.3 Social Factors 8.4 Technological Factors 8.5 Environmental Factors 8.6 Legal Factors 9. Marketing Strategy 9.1 7Ps of Marketing 9.2 Segmentation, Targeting & Positioning 9.3 Marketing Communication Mix 9.3.1 Print and Media Advertising 9.3.2 Sales Promotions 9.3.3 Events & Experiences 9.3.4 Public Relations 9.3.5 Direct Marketing 9.3.6 Personal Selling 10. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 10.1 Threat of new entrants 10.2 Bargaining power of buyers 10.3 Bargaining power of suppliers 10.4 Threat of substitute products or services 10.5 Rivalry among existing firms 11. Amazon Value-Chain Analysis 11.1 Primary Activities 11.1.1 Inbound logistics 11.1.2 Operations 11.1.3 Outbound logistics 11.1.4 Marketing and Sales 11.1.5 Service 11.2 Support Activities 11.2.1 Infrastructure. 11.2.2 Human Resource Management 11.2.3 Technology Development 11.2.4 Procurement 12. McKinsey 7S Model 12.1 Hard Elements 12.2 Soft Elements 13. Amazon Ecosystem 14. Corporate Social Responsibility 14.1 CSR Programs and Initiatives 14.2 Recommendations

List of Figures

Figure 1 Amazon Organizational Structure Figure 2 Amazon Ansoff Matrix Figure 3 Changes in annual lobbying budget in Amazon Figure 4 Porter’s Five Forces Figure 5 Retail e-commerce sales worldwide Figure 6 Value chain analysis Figure 7 McKinsey 7S model Figure 8 Amazon Ecosystem Figure 9 The ecosystem of Amazon Kindle Figure 10 Changes in Amazon carbon emissions and carbon intensity

Airbnb Alibaba Austro-Mechana Beijing Century Joyo Courier Services Best Buy Big Baboon, Inc. Dropbox eBay Facebook FedEx GE Google Home Depot Qantas Kroger MGM OIP Technologies, Inc. Pinterest Smartflash LLC Tata Motors Target TNT UPS Wal-Mart Stores Walker Digital LLC Whole Foods

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Speaking is one of the four macro skills of English. It is also a productive skill that requires language learners to gain much exposure to use it. Accuracy and fluency are two elements to be used as parameters of speaking ability for foreign language learners. Apart from this, language learners still find it hard to express out their speaking ability in front of classroom as well as outside the class. Lack of self confidence, limited vocabulary acquisition, and English grammar have become obstacles for learners to develop their speaking ability. Through this hands-on workshop, we introduced three educational games, namely, hot seat, comic strip, and that’s an unusual view to students and teachers at panti Asuhan Sentosa Banjarmasin. These games are intended to make learning english more fun, to help students gain self confidence to use the language, and to boost cooperative work between students and teachers. The participants responded positively to the ideas and they would use tho...

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Noor sharida Badri Shah

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

Zuosheng Yang

Metabolomics

Hannes Botha

roberto biloslavo

The basic purpose of this research is to study the influence change method selection factors show on the effectiveness of evolutionary changes in construction companies in Slovenia. A combination of the qualitative and quantitative approaches to research work were applied in the course of conceptualisation and implementation of the empirical research. The findings established in the process of this research, about the nature of the application of the studied selection factors in methods of evolutionary changes implemented in business management, will enable a more effective selection from the vast pool of methods available for the implementation of changes and their more effective application. As a result, the business efficiency in companies can be expected to increase, while at the same time providing companies with more equal opportunities to compete on an international level, which is of crucial importance when it comes to corporate entities that operate in post-transition envir...

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May 14, 2024    

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Valor International / Business

• Minha conta

Paper Excellence advances plan for new plant in Brazil

The company is not willing to buy land, but entering into wood supply agreements for the future factory.

Por Stella Fontes — São Paulo

15/05/2024 07h47 Atualizado 15/05/2024

Multinational pulp manufacturer Paper Excellence, a partner of J&F Investimentos at Eldorado, is advancing talks for a new plant in Brazil, with an estimated investment of R$20 billion, Valor learned.

Paper Excellence has been competing for Eldorado’s control with J&F, the holding company owned by the Batista family, for almost six years. It’s in talks with several Brazilian states, but Minas Gerais is the most engaged in the race for the project, according to people familiar with the forest sector.

The state has mapped two possible areas for setting up the factory if Paper Excellence decides to move forward with the project in Minas Gerais. Outside of Pirapora, a municipality located in the north of the state, the Grão Mogol area, in the Jequitinhonha Valley, would also be an option. According to the sources, who see chances of the project being confirmed in Minas Gerais due to the availability of wood in the state, the conversations are in early stages and there is no agreement or formal commitment signed to date.

People familiar with the company say Paper Excellence is not willing to buy land, but rather to enter into wood supply agreements for the future factory. The purchase of land by foreign investors in Brazil is limited by law and a preliminary injunction by the Federal Regional Court of the 4th Region (TRF-4), based on this matter, is a hurdle to the completion of the acquisition of Eldorado’s control.

The areas are mentioned in a preliminary survey by Canopy consultancy based on the availability of eucalyptus planted to supply one plant. The areas are included in a presentation by state investment promotion agency Invest Minas reviewed by Valor.

According to the study, “after aligning with the company” and considering a range of 200 kilometers from Pirapora and Buritizeiro, which is 10 kilometers away, a consultation with 28 eucalyptus producers or land owners revealed that there are 466,000 hectares of planted areas and 380,500 hectares available for planting. The survey brings up some names that could enter into contracts, which would facilitate “future negotiations.”

Between January and March, five meetings were carried out by municipalities and farmers in Pirapora, Montes Claros, Buritizeiro, Augusto de Lima, and Belo Horizonte, the latter on March 18th. On January 19, the government provided Paper Excellence with information on the benefits of setting its facilities in the state: deferral in the import and acquisition of goods intended for industrial operations, raw materials, and packaging materials and in the interstate acquisition of plant assets, in addition to renewable energy exemption.

VLI, the company operating the Pirapora Integrator Terminal (TIPI), which transports agricultural commodities coming via Centro-Atlântica Railway (FCA), would be willing to negotiate with Paper Excellence. That would be a way to get to know the nature of the cargo and its annual volumes, according to the survey.

A year ago, businessman Jackson Wijaya, the owner of Paper Excellence and grandson of the founder of Asian conglomerate Sinar Mas, which includees Asia Pulp & Paper (APP), announced his growth plans in Brazil in a meeting attended by seven Brazilian governors in New York.

Mr. Wijaya said that, in addition to its intention to move forward with the Eldorado expansion project, Paper Excellence plans to invest in a new factory in Brazil with a production capacity of 2.5 million tonnes per year. The governors of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Pará, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, and Mato Grosso attended the meeting.

In the most recent chapter of the dispute, J&F and Paper Excellence fell out over the dividends that could be distributed by Eldorado. Paper Excellence, which previously opposed the distribution of dividends, voted in favor but J&F, with a majority on the board, blocked the proposal.

In addition to the 49.41% stake in Eldorado, which last year produced 1.78 million tonnes of pulp at the Três Lagoas factory, in Mato Grosso do Sul, Paper Excellence has six pulp and paper plants in Canada and annual production of more than 2.5 million tonnes.

Paper Excellence and the Minas Gerais government declined to comment.

Translation: Liliana Hage

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First Published: May 14 2024 | 9:58 PM IST

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