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Study Abroad

PhD After BTech or BE

Updated on 08 november, 2023.

Sr. Content editor

Yes, it is possible to do a PhD after B. Tech or B.E. programs. Pursuing a direct PhD after B.Tech means embarking on a clear educational, research, or professional goal. Doctoral degrees help aspirants venture into advanced research and study after their foundational B.Tech or B.E. courses. Applications are possible via an integrated PhD after B. Tech or a combined program. Here is a guide covering the eligibility, documentation, and application process in detail.

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Many universities across the world offer PhD admission after BTech completion. The given universities are ranked in the top rankings on the basis of their quality of education , infrastructure, research opportunities, and others. Given below is the list of universities offering PhD after BTech programs for international students:

Routes of applying for phd after btech.

How to Apply for a PhD Program after B.Tech or B.E.?

Eligibility for a PhD program after B.Tech. or B.E.

Documents required for a phd program after b. tech or b.e, frequently asked questions.

If you want to pursue PhD courses after BTech, you can follow two options: to apply directly for admission or via a recommendation by academic faculties. Although the former process has been discussed below in this section, the latter involves directly reaching out to your faculty members of the university department. Typically considered as an informal path, the method of direct recommendation can lead to an admission offer if the research interests align, the professor is impressed by your projects and is willing to recommend the candidate to the admissions department of a university. Many professors at elite institutions invite candidates through this method.

How to Apply for a PhD Program after B.Tech or B.E.?

Can we do PhD after B. Tech or B.E. programs? Many institutions offer integrated MS and PhD courses with extensive research-based curricula. They have tenures of three to six years on average. Some courses have tenures going up to even ten years as well. These programs also integrate professional exposure via projects, fellowships, and research assistantships. The first step in the application process is to explore different PhD programs and find your niche or topic that interests you and aligns with your B.Tech degree.

Those looking to apply to colleges offering PhD after B.Tech can choose direct recommendations from faculty members or adopt the conventional application route. The latter method involves approaching the supervisor directly through the mail via an application for recommendations. Follow up with the supervisors to know the status of your application. These may lead to offers of admission for PhD programs. However, the research field must be in sync with the program while the professor should be impressed by the candidate’s academic background and projects.

Getting into universities offering PhD after B.Tech requires prior specialization and coursework in disciplines like mathematics , natural sciences , physical sciences, and varied branches of engineering . Candidates should possess industry or professional experience along with a record of extra-curricular activities and research projects.

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Most universities require solid academic credentials in the study area. Candidates are expected to be proficient in engineering principles, mathematical subjects such as calculus and algebra, and proficiency in software and analytical/statistical tools. They should have good undergraduate scores, projects, assistantships, and relevant experience. Some other requirements include the following:

Good GMAT / GRE scores.
Scores in English language proficiency tests like TOEFL or IELTS .
SOP (Statement of Purpose) and LORs (Letters of Recommendation) .
Many institutions require a research proposal from the candidate, outlining his/her research interests, specific areas of study, and so on.
Candidates may also get admission into PhD programs with double/triple majors in relevant academic/research fields.

Candidates should attach the following documents with their applications (varies across institutions) in most cases:

Well Written Academic transcripts
Score sheets of GRE /GMAT and IELTS /TOEFL
Proof of Funds (if required by the institution)
Research Proposal (if required)

Good academic credentials can help students get direct admission into Ph.D. programs after completing their B. Tech or B.E. degrees. They can also directly reach out to professors at university departments for recommendations, as mentioned. At the same time, they can pursue integrated/combined courses that help them complete their doctoral degrees over an extended time period. Subject selection plays a vital role in admissions.

Simultaneously, a track record of published papers, research projects, and other relevant experience is always recommended. A good statement of purpose also helps immensely in this regard.

Can I do a PhD directly after B.Tech?

Yes, it is possible to directly do a PhD after a B. Tech course. The first way out is to apply for an integrated or combined course that fuses both the master’s and PhD programs. The second way is to look for direct recommendations from professors and departments to pursue PhD programs at leading institutions. In India, for instance, PhDs can be done directly after B. Tech without requiring a Master’s degree.

Can we directly do PhD after B.E.?

Yes, a PhD course can be directly done after B.E. or B. Tech. You can look for direct PhD programs in this regard. You can apply for an integrated/combined course at some institutions, while others may allow direct admissions without a master’s degree. You can also get recommendations from professors, provided there is a convergence of research interests.

Is Gate compulsory for PhD?

No, Gate scores are not compulsory for admissions into PhD programs. Some colleges offer PhD admissions directly to B. Tech graduates with required academic and research credentials. Others offer combined or integrated MS and PhD courses. Gate scores are mandated only by a few institutions.

How many years does it take to do a PhD in India?

PhD courses require at least three years in India. This includes coursework and other related activities. The maximum duration for a PhD in India is six years. M. Phil courses require a year or two semesters in succession at least. The maximum duration is two years or four semesters in succession.

Neha Uppal is a passionate content creator and editor. She carries 7.5+ years of experience working with leading edutech companies where she worked as a Faculty, Community Manager, and Content Marketeer. At upGrad, she is helping out people keep informed about the scopes and opportunities of studying abroad via informational articles/blogs.

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While it is not the norm, there are quite a few universities in USA that allow students to opt for a Ph.D. after bachelor’s. However, while knowing how to apply for PhD after bachelors, the candidates must know that some of these universities do not let students skip their master's degree altogether. In fact, in most cases, the master’s program is clubbed with the Ph.D.

While some universities in USA let students apply for a Ph.D. after a bachelor’s, it is, however, a combined master's and Ph.D. program. Therefore, a student gets a master's degree on his way to a Ph.D. degree. The master's program goes on for 2-3 years and thereafter the student can continue with his Ph.D. studies. Interestingly, some universities automatically confer a master's degree upon admission while some others may require the aspirant to take a few extra credits of coursework to lead to the master's degree. The below table also mentions the details like how many years for Ph.D. after bachelor's.

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Top universities in the US for PhD after bachelor’s degree

(Not all the programs offered by the US universities cover combined MS and PhD. Check the individual sites of the universities for more information)

In case students want to do a PhD in America after their bachelor’s degree, remember that there is no definite list of universities in USA that offer a Ph.D. after a bachelor’s degree. But the good news is many universities do not insist on a master's degree to apply for a Ph.D. program. However the admission for Ph.D. requirements in USA for international students requirements varies between universities and even departments, so they will need to check the requirements before they apply. When applying for a Ph.D. degree after a bachelor’s degree, ensure that they have a strong application because they will be competing for a place in a Ph.D. program with candidates who may have a master's degree.

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How to apply for Ph.D. after a bachelor's degree?

The application process of how to apply for PhD is similar to applying for any other degree in the university. The application can be sent online through the university website but before checking about how to apply for PhD, the candidates need to check a few requirements for PhD.

Requirements to pursue PhD after Bachelors

The entry requirements for a combined MS and Ph.D. program are similar to that of a doctorate, as most applicants for the combined program would not have an advanced degree or journal publications. Admission to a combined degree can also be very competitive with most universities accepting just 3-4 candidates in a session.

1. Strong GPA - Candidates must have an excellent grade point average (GPA) to qualify for the programs. Students from other boards can find the equivalent of the GPA to assess their eligibility.

2. Standardized test scores - Candidates have to score very high points in the standardized scores. Here the student will be asked to submit test scores.

GRE: GRE is mandatory for almost all Ph.D. programs, including management studies, after a bachelor’s in the USA. In the case of doctoral programs, most students are required to present GRE subject scores of the course as well.

GMAT: GMAT is taken for admission to management studies. Business schools offering Ph.Ds in business management accept GMAT scores for admission into a wide range of Ph.D. programs in management.

TOEFL: TOEFL is an English proficiency test for students from non-native English-speaking countries. For international students, a high TOEFL score is a must for admission to Ph.D. courses.

IELTS: IELTS is also accepted for international students' admission to Ph.D. programs. Like TOEFL, it is also an English proficiency test for students from non-native English-speaking countries. The IELTS test measures a candidate’s English language command in four different parameters- Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking.

3. Letter of Recommendation (LOR) - One of the most important elements for admission to direct PhD programmes is a letter of recommendation . The letter of recommendation is an independent assessment of a candidate's potential. Most universities require at least two to three recommendation letters. It is advisable for students to have letters of recommendation written by either their professors or employees

4. Statement of Purpose (SOP) - The statement of purpose is another important element of the application package for admission to direct Ph.D. programs in the USA. It reflects the student's commitment to the Ph.D. program and goals in his life.

5. Resume - At the Ph.D. level, many universities would require the student to submit a resume along with the application. The resume should contain the candidate's basic information like date of birth, academic qualifications, achievements and details of any previous work in his area of interest.

6. Research projects - It is always helpful if the aspirant has the Ph.D. as an elective subject in the final year of their bachelor’s. Also, one can get additional points if the application is accompanied by any research or journal publications or any projects in the related field.

7. Interview - Most of the universities for PhD in the USA offering direct PhD hold a separate interview round for the aspirants. As in most cases, the Ph.D. interviews are conducted by invitation only. The questions are general as well as specific to the subject the candidate wants to pursue.

Saves Time - Pursuing a PhD is a long time-consuming process and commitment for years. So combining a master's with PhD does not totally skip the master's duration but enables to study without a break period.
Early chance for Teaching - While continuing this PhD, students can work as assistant professor lecturers at a young age. Candidates can enjoy the benefits of teaching and learning at the same time.
Expertise in the Field - Rather than focusing time only on the theoretical learning of masters, the candidates get an early chance to research and get experts in their chosen field.

For students who are looking forward to pursuing PhD after bachelors, there are many abroad countries that accept admissions. The process of how to apply for PhD more or less remains the same.

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Even though these countries provide courses for PhD after bachelors, every university has its own course specifications and eligibility. The candidates have to look up each university's PhD requirements individually before applying.

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

The cost of a PhD program varies between universities. The average cost can be between 12,000 to 150,000 USD per year depending on the program or the university. In addition living expenses can be anywhere between 20,000 to 40,000 USD per year.

International students have access to numerous scholarship options when pursuing a PhD program in the USA. They can also apply for assistantships, financial aid and work while studying to reduce their tuition cost for a PhD program.

The average length of a PhD program is between 4 to 6 years. This includes coursework, research projects and dissertation.

Many PhD courses in top universities will be provided with fully-funded scholarships in USA. Few of the PhD programs in USA which are fully funded are: PhD in Business at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, PhD in Anthropology at the University of Chicago, PhD in Chemical Engineering at Cornell University, etc.

To apply for a PhD, the candidates must have completed a bachelor's or master's degree, along with good GRE scores and English proficiency test scores.

Based on the course program the PhD duration after bachelors will be varying from 5 years to 7 years.

Yes, there are many universities abroad that accept PhD admissions on the bachelor's education qualification. This criterion can change depending on the university and course so it is suggested the candidate to check the admission requirements of each course they wish to apply for. However, most of these courses integrate the PhD along with a master's. Here the candidate will complete both the master's and PhD in one go.

The integrated PhD courses that can be applied after completion of a bachelor's, have a course duration of 4 to 7 years. However, these courses also include the master's for 1 to 2 years in the initial phase of their degree.

It is possible to pursue a PhD without obtaining a Master’s degree. However, it depends upon several factors such as your individual background, the field of study you wish to pursue, the duration of the PhD program, and the geographical location. It is to be noted that the specific requirements for admission may differ from country to country.

It usually requires several years of focused study and research to obtain a PhD, usually lasting from 4 to 7 years or even longer. Nevertheless, there exist accelerated programs that enable exceptional students to finish their PhD in a shorter duration, usually within 1-2 years. Such programs usually require students to have already accomplished a substantial amount of pertinent coursework and research at the undergraduate and/or master's level.

The average annual salary for a PhD holder in India is approximately Rs. 24 lakhs. Nevertheless, this figure may vary depending on the employer, industry, and location of work.

Students who have successfully completed their eighth semester of their Bachelor's degree program (or are awaiting their results) and have achieved a minimum CGPA of 7.5/10 or an equivalent percentage are eligible to apply for direct admission to the Ph.D. program.

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Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems.

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software.

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description: A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials.

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story.

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process.

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PhD after BTech

Updated on
Apr 4, 2023

Pursuing a PhD after Btech is for those who have figured early out the answer to “ What to do after BTech? ”. A doctoral degree helps candidates discover advanced-level research opportunities after completing a Bachelor of Technology (BTech) program through the integrated or combined PhD route rather than completing a master’s degree and then applying for a doctoral program. Pursuing a PhD program, individuals can work under professors at universities and organisations that demand research scientists, and associates, amongst others for various projects. Here is a detailed guide on the various aspects of how you can pursue a PhD after BTech and delve deeper into the field of Research directly after graduation.

This Blog Includes:

Overview of combined/integrated master’s and phd, phd after btech: routes of applying, phd after btech: how to apply, background & gpa requirements, how to do phd after btech, phd after btech abroad, eligibility for phd after btech , colleges offering phd after btech in india.

What Next After BTech?
Why MBA after BTech?

In many universities, professors encourage students to pursue research by providing them with necessary exploratory tools and techniques. Further, integrated MS/PhD degree programs are also offered by many academic institutions and these courses have a comprehensive research-oriented curriculum and are designed with flexible duration ranging from 3-6 years and even 10 years. The course also encourages practical experience through research assistantships, projects and fellowships. Increasingly popular in the US, this degree is now being steadily offered at institutions all across the globe.

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PhD after B.Tech or B.E.

Pursuing a PhD after completing a Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) or Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) degree is becoming increasingly popular in India. With the rise in research and development (R&D) centres, research organisations, and technology companies in India, the demand for highly skilled research professionals is increasing rapidly. This has led to many engineering graduates considering pursuing a PhD after completing their engineering studies.

A PhD degree is considered the highest academic qualification and is highly valued in academia and industry. Pursuing a PhD in India after a B.Tech or B.E. degree allows one to specialise in a particular field, conduct cutting-edge research, and contribute to developing new knowledge. A PhD also offers an opportunity to work in academia as a professor, researcher, scientist or in industry as a research and development professional or a high-level executive.

The education system in India is divided into different levels: primary, secondary, higher secondary, undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral. B.Tech and B.E. are undergraduate programs that offer a four-year degree in various engineering disciplines, such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science engineering, civil engineering, and more. Doctoral programs are the highest level of education in India and are usually pursued after completing a postgraduate degree.

Eligibility Criteria for Pursuing a PhD after B.Tech or B.E.

You must have completed a B.Tech or B.E. degree from a recognised university.
Your B.Tech or B.E. degree must be in a relevant field.
You must have a minimum of 60% marks in your B.Tech or B.E. degree.
Some universities require applicants to take an entrance examination. The entrance examination typically covers mathematics, physics, chemistry, and engineering.
The entrance examination allows the university to assess your academic abilities and potential for success in a PhD program.
Some universities require applicants to have research experience. Research experience can be gained through internships, summer research programs, or independent research projects.
Research experience is an important factor in the admissions process, as it demonstrates your interest in research and your ability to conduct independent research.
If you are applying to a university in a country where English is not the primary language, you must demonstrate English proficiency. You can take an English language proficiency test, such as the TOEFL or IELTS.
English language proficiency is an important requirement for admission to PhD programs, as most PhD programs are taught in English.

Steps to Pursue a PhD after B.Tech or B.E.’

Choosing the right field of research.

The first step is to choose the right field of research. This is an important decision, as it will determine the focus of your PhD studies. Consider your interests, strengths, and career goals when choosing a field of research.

Identifying Potential Advisors and Universities

Once you have chosen a field of research, you need to identify potential advisors and universities. You can do this by reading research papers, attending conferences, and networking with other researchers.

Applying for PhD Programs

Once you have identified potential advisors and universities, you must apply for PhD programs. The application process typically involves submitting an application form, transcripts, letters of recommendation, and a personal statement.

Completing Coursework and Qualifying Exams

If accepted to a PhD program, you must complete a set of coursework and qualifying exams. The coursework will help you to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to conduct research. The qualifying exams will assess your field knowledge and ability to conduct independent research.

Conducting Research and Writing a Dissertation

The main focus of a PhD program is conducting research and writing a dissertation. The research will be conducted under the supervision of your advisor. The dissertation is a long and challenging project but an important step in becoming a doctor.

Defending the Dissertation

Once you have completed your research and written your dissertation, you will need to defend your dissertation in front of a committee of experts. This is a critical step in the PhD process, as it is your opportunity to demonstrate your knowledge and skills to a panel of experts.

Benefits of Pursuing a PhD after B.Tech or B.E.

There are many benefits to pursuing a PhD after B.Tech or B.E., including:

Career advancement: A PhD degree can open up many opportunities for career advancement in academia, industry, and government. A PhD holder is typically qualified to teach at the college level, conduct research, and lead projects.
Increased earning potential: A PhD degree can lead to increased earning potential. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, PhD holders earn significantly more than those with a bachelor's degree or master's degree.
Enhanced skillset: A PhD program will help you to develop a variety of skills, including research skills, writing skills, and presentation skills. These skills can be valuable in a variety of careers.
Personal fulfilment: Pursuing a PhD can be a rewarding experience. It can allow you to learn about a subject you are passionate about and contribute to your field.

Challenges and Considerations for Pursuing a PhD after B.Tech or B.E.

Here are some of the challenges and considerations for pursuing a PhD after a B.Tech or B.E.:

Length of the Program: A PhD program can take 5 to 7 years. This is a long commitment, and it is important to ensure you are prepared for the time and effort required to complete a PhD.
Funding and Financial Support: PhD programs are typically very expensive. It is important to make sure that you have a way to fund your education before you start a PhD program. Several funding options are available, such as scholarships, fellowships, and teaching assistantships.
High Level of Competition: PhD programs are very competitive. It is important to have a strong academic record and research experience if you want to be accepted to a PhD program.
Limited Job Opportunities: There are limited job opportunities for PhD holders in some fields. It is important to research and ensure that there are job opportunities in your field before you start a PhD program.

Popular PhD Programs after B.Tech or B.E.

Phd in computer science and engineering.

A PhD in Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) is a research-based degree that prepares students for careers in academia, industry, and government. CSE PhD programs typically involve coursework, research, and a dissertation.

Coursework in a CSE PhD program typically covers topics such as algorithms, data structures, computer architecture, operating systems, and software engineering.

Research in a CSE PhD program typically focuses on a specific area of computer science, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, computer graphics, or networking. A dissertation is a long, original research project culminates in a written thesis.

PhD in Electrical Engineering

A PhD in Electrical Engineering (EE) is a research-based degree that prepares students for academic, industry, and government careers. EE PhD programs typically involve coursework, research, and a dissertation.

An EE PhD program's coursework typically covers circuit theory, electromagnetics, signal processing, and control systems. Research in an EE PhD program typically focuses on a specific area of electrical engineering, such as power systems, telecommunications, or biomedical engineering. A dissertation is a long, original research project culminates in a written thesis.

PhD in Mechanical Engineering

A PhD in Mechanical Engineering (ME) is a research-based degree that prepares students for academic, industry, and government careers. ME PhD programs typically involve coursework, research, and a dissertation.

Coursework in an ME PhD program typically covers thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and solid mechanics. Research in an ME PhD program typically focuses on a specific area of mechanical engineering, such as materials science, mechatronics, or robotics. A dissertation is a long, original research project culminates in a written thesis.

PhD in Civil Engineering

A PhD in Civil Engineering (CE) is a research-based degree that prepares students for careers in academia, industry, and government. CE PhD programs typically involve coursework, research, and a dissertation. Coursework in a CE PhD program typically covers structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, environmental engineering, and water resources engineering.

Research in a CE PhD program typically focuses on a specific area of civil engineering, such as transportation, construction, or earthquake engineering. A dissertation is a long, original research project culminates in a written thesis.

PhD in Chemical Engineering

A PhD in Chemical Engineering (ChE) is a research-based degree that prepares students for academic, industry, and government careers. ChE PhD programs typically involve coursework, research, and a dissertation. Coursework in a ChE PhD program typically covers thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and mass transfer.

Research in a ChE PhD program typically focuses on a specific area of chemical engineering, such as process engineering, catalysis, or biochemical engineering. A dissertation is a long, original research project culminates in a written thesis.

Can I pursue a PhD after B.Tech or B.E.?

You can pursue a PhD after completing your B.Tech or B.E. degree in India.

What are the eligibility criteria for a PhD program after B.Tech or B.E.?

The eligibility criteria for a PhD program after B.Tech or B.E. vary depending on the university or institution. However, most universities require a minimum of 60% marks in the undergraduate program and a valid GATE score.

Is clearing the GATE exam for a PhD program after B.Tech or B.E. necessary?

Clearing the GATE exam for a PhD program after B.Tech or B.E is unnecessary. However, many universities require a valid GATE score for admission to their PhD programs.

What is the duration of a PhD program after B.Tech or B.E.?

The duration of a PhD program after B.Tech or B.E. is typically 3-5 years, depending on the university and the research area.

Can I get a scholarship for a PhD program after B.Tech or B.E.?

Yes, many universities and government agencies offer scholarships for PhD programs after B.Tech or B.E. Some of the popular scholarships include the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), Senior Research Fellowship (SRF), and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) fellowship.

What are the career opportunities after completing a PhD program after B.Tech or B.E.?

After completing a PhD program after B.Tech or B.E., you can pursue a career in academia, research and development, or industry. Some popular job roles include research scientist, postdoctoral fellow, data scientist, and academic faculty.

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PhD Handbook

Direct PhD Afte...

Direct PhD After BTech: Is it Possible?

Have you completed your BTech and figured out that research is what you want to opt for? Do you wish to skip 2 years of masters course and directly start with your Phd? Well, the good news is, there are universities abroad offering direct PhD after BTech to international students in different fields.

But then what is the process and eligibility criteria for the same? To help you gather all insights about PhD after Btech and related aspects, we have curated all information in this blog. Read till the end and discover the possible avenues to full your dream of pursuing a PhD after Btech at top universities abroad.

Is it Possible to Apply for a PhD After BTech?

Yes, it is possible . You can find many universities abroad offering PhD after a bachelor's degree in a STEM field or other. But getting into it isn't a cup of tea for everyone. You must go through a long process for a direct PhD after BTech.

So what are the routes to get PhD admission after BTech? Is discussed in the next section.

Suggested: PhD vs Masters

Routes of Applying for PhD After BTech

If you are looking to get PhD courses after BTech, you will have two options: to apply directly for admission or via a recommendation by academic faculties. Although the former process is being discussed in this section, the latter involves reaching out to your faculty members of the university department directly. Your university faculty may recommend you for PhD admission to the admission officials.

You can find many universities offering PhD after BTech courses. Let's have a look at some popular study-abroad destinations:

Recognised for its academic curriculum, top-notch faculties, and fantastic career opportunities in research organisations and enterprises, several US universities have also listed their name in top QS universities worldwide. You will have to find innumerable job prospects with degrees such as engineering, mathematics, etc. A PhD in USA typically takes upto 4 to 6 years to complete. Its academic semester is offered in two semesters, i.e. January to May and August to December.

Suggested: Scholarships for PhD in USA

PhD in Canada

Along with its world-renowned academic institutions and several top avenues for research, Canada is among the most sought-after places to study PhD courses. You will find many research opportunities, from a lively city culture to flourishing businesses and diversity. PhD in Canada courses are usually offered in three different semesters allowing international students to seek admission throughout the seasons in various universities.

Suggested: How to apply for PhD in Canada?

PhD in Germany

With innovative academic curriculum and research development, Germany provides various opportunities for students to explore STEM fields, social sciences, humanities and language subjects. Also, the universities of Germany are quite popular for their affordability and career prospects. PhD in Germany admission is offered during three different seasons: winter, summer and fall.

Suggested: PhD Scholarships in Germany

How to Apply for PhD After BTech

The application process of PhD admission after BTech is quite selective. A relevant degree in Physics with a natural science or Mathematics subject is most important. Also, a previous academic background in subjects like physical sciences, mathematics, natural sciences or engineering is recommended.

Most universities follow the eligibility for PhD after BTech, but there are many other universities that don't have any specific requirements for admission. Here are simple steps you can follow to apply for a PhD directly after the BTech:

The first step is to research available PhD programs and decide the areas or fields you want to pursue.
Select a topic for your PhD dissertation and research for a specific potential supervisor.
Send a well-drafted application to the supervisor.
Ask all relevant questions and doubts you have regarding the course.
Fill up your application form and submit all relevant documents.
Wait for the decision and strengthen your research and mathematical knowledge for your PhD After BTech.

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Background & GPA Requirements for PhD

To get admission into a PhD course after BTech, you need to have a strong academic background in your specified field of study. Some basic requirements for admission are a great score in advanced mathematics such as calculus, algebra, software engineering, economics and statistical tools and more. Having an outstanding score in your post-secondary is also recommended.

However, if you don't have a good academic score in the given field, you can compensate for your profile with assistantship, projects and many more. A few of the eligibility for PhD after BTech are given below:

Entrance Scores

A good entrance score in tests like IELTS , GRE , TOEFL , and GMAT etc., may help you to get an edge in the admission process. Also, good academic scores in last attended institutions are a deciding factor in admission.

Letter of Recommendation & SOP

A well-drafted LOR and SOP is a crucial part of your application showcasing your interest towards the PhD courses. Having a letter of recommendation from academic professors will show what the students want to achieve through the research program.

Research Project

You can also carry out some research projects in a specified area during your bachelor's degree. Having a paper publication or technical presentations and some extra projects in your BTech can show your aptitude and interest towards research. While in some universities, your application may have a research project to submit, which outlines the research areas and the intention towards the academic program.

Majors & Minors

A major and minor degree is your main subject in the specialisation. You can specialise either in 3 (Triple Majors) or 2 (Double Majors) in a relevant field of research. For instance, if you have majored in mathematics and finance, your chances for a PhD in Quantitative Finance or finance will be high.

Suggested: All About BTech Abroad

How to Do PhD Course After BTech?

When pursuing a PhD after BTech, the most suitable move for you is to have a good job or workplace during and after completing the course. You may also align your last year's project with the PhD thesis subjects. Also, note that the work must align with your letter of recommendation from your academic professors. As you don't have a proper master's degree, having possessive peripheral knowledge in the subjects or strong command of research and master's subjects will springboard your application.

Suggested: How to Write LOR Format for PhD Programs?

Universities Offering PhD After BTech Courses

There are many reputed institutions and research universities in the world that offer PhD admission after BTech completion. Most of them are ranked in the top rankings around the world for their quality education, infrastructure, research opportunities and much more. Here we have listed universities offering PhD after BTech programs for international students:

Getting into PhD after BTech requires you to have adequate research experience along with an exceptional academic background in relevant fields. Having a research project in your application profile and a letter of recommendation from academic professors can help you to get into your interested university. Apart from them, good scores also go a long way in determining your eligibility for PhD courses after BTech. Hence, an overall decent academic record is an important prerequisite to pursuing a PhD at the university of your choice. For further guidance and assistance, get in touch with our Yocket Professionals .

Frequently Asked Questions About PhD After BTech

Can I get into PhD admission after BTech?

Yes. You can get admission directly to PhD after the BTech course, provided you have a great academic background and some research experience.

Is a Letter of recommendation a deciding factor in PhD after BTech?

A letter of recommendation from your academic professors is crucial for PhD admission after BTech. A strong recommendation from your academic professor can help you to get admission to a PhD course after BTech.

Is a GRE or GMAT required for a PhD?

A great GRE or GMAT test score can help you to get an edge among other applications for PhD After BTech.

How can I show my interest towards PhD courses?

You can learn how to publish papers, technical paper presentations, and projects that can showcase your interest in the PhD courses.

What is included in SOP for PhD?

A good Statement of purpose can show your reasons for studying PhD programs. It also describes your interest area, contribution to the research you want to carry out and how you see yourself towards a research degree in the coming years.

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1. Regular PhD

Admissions portal is here.

IITH offers regular PhD programs in the following departments

Artificial Intelligence
Biomedical Engineering
Biotechnology
Center for Interdisciplinary Programs
Chemical Engineering
Civil Engineering
Climate Change
Computer Science and Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Engineering Science
Entrepreneurship and Management
Greenko School of Sustainability
Heritage Science and Technology
Liberal Arts
Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering
Mathematics and Computing
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Basic Eligibility is a Masters degree. If you think you are an exceptionally good candidate, you can apply for a direct PhD after BTech/B.E. with a valid GATE score. IITH typically admits students to the PhD program twice in a year, in the month of Nov and in the month of April. IITH does not make newspaper advertisements regarding admission and the aspirants are requested to follow our website for admission notification. The applications received are screened by the individual departments and the successful applicants will be called for a written test and interview. The financial assistance for the Ph.D. program under MoE (Ministry of Education) and all other funding categories except PMRF and External category across all departments is 5 years.

All the departments at IITH offer PhD program. The eligibility criteria for PhD admission in the engineering departments is a Masters degree. If you think you are an exceptionally good candidate, you can apply for a direct PhD after B.Tech./B.E. with valid GATE score. IITH typically admits students to the PhD program twice a year. IITH do not make newspaper advertisements regarding admission and the aspirants are requested to follow our website for admission notification. Typically the notification comes out in the month of Nov and in the month of April. The applications received are screened by the individual departments and the successful applicants will be called for a written test and interview. The financial assistance for the PhD program under MoE (Ministry of Education) category across all departments is 5 years.

2. Interdisciplinary PhD Program

Seat acceptance fee and refund policy.

See this document for details

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What Does 'PhD' Stand For?

A PhD is a terminal academic degree students typically pursue when they're interested in an academic or research career.

[Featured Image] A PhD student works on his laptop while listening to over-the-ear headphones.

A PhD is the highest possible academic degree a student can obtain. PhD stands for “Doctor of Philosophy,” which refers to the immense knowledge a student gains when earning the degree. While you can actually get a PhD in philosophy, "Doctor of Philosophy" doesn't always refer to someone who has a terminal degree in that discipline. You can get a PhD in a number of fields, such as science or economics, and the word "Philosophy," translated from original Greek to mean "lover of wisdom," can refer to the degree holder's dedication to understanding a subject.

Students typically pursue a PhD when they're interested in an academic or research career—or if they want to take their education as far as it can go.

This article goes beyond the definition of a PhD, and touches on important information you’ll need to know about the degree, so you can decide whether pursuing one is the best choice for you.

What is a PhD?

A PhD is an academic degree that combines general knowledge of a field with specific mastery of an area of subtopic within that field. For example, earning your PhD in political science means you have a general foundation of the field, but likely also specialize in a more focused area, such as American or comparative politics, or political economy.

PhDs—also known as doctorates—are terminal degrees , meaning they are the highest level of degree that you can achieve in certain fields, such as cognitive psychology, mathematics, English, economics, evolutionary biology, and public health.

What does it take to earn a PHD?

PhD programs typically require you to complete advanced coursework, comprehensive exams that test your knowledge of your particular field of study, and a dissertation (or original body of research). The specific requirements will differ by program or university.

How long does a PhD take?

Your PhD studies can take between four and seven years to complete, though it often depends on your field and other commitments. For example, it typically takes less than seven years to earn an engineering PhD, while it can take up to 12 years to earn an education PhD. Writing a dissertation is often credited with adding to the length of time it takes to complete a PhD program. In addition, some doctoral students may be working full-time or raising families while completing degree requirements, and thus may need additional time in their programs.

Learn more: How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD?

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Getting a PhD: what to know

If you're considering getting a PhD, there are some important aspects of doctoral degrees you'll need to know.

To apply for PhD programs, you'll need to provide academic transcripts from your prior education, samples of your academic writing and research, and letters of recommendation from former professors. You will likely also need to write a personal statement that details your academic and professional goals, research interests, why you are applying to a particular program, relevant skills and experience, and strengths.

Before applying, it's a good idea to research different education institutions to get an idea of their reputation, faculty achievements, mission statements, and the kinds of jobs former graduate students have gotten upon completing.

Once enrolled in a doctoral program, expect to complete advanced study in your field. This will likely entail two years of coursework, conducting original research into a specific topic, navigating the world of academic publishing, and working closely with faculty to prepare for an academic or research-based career.

Successful completion of a PhD program typically requires that you write a dissertation or conduct a significant research project on a specific topic related to your field. Most programs have students go through an oral defense to demonstrate mastery of the dissertation topic and describe its contribution to the field.

PhDs vs. other terminal degrees

A PhD is not the only kind of terminal degree you can earn. In fact, there are two other types of terminal degrees that tend to be more career focused.

Professional doctorates

PhDs and professional doctorates are similar in that they are both the most advanced academic degrees you can earn, but a PhD requires a dissertation and a professional doctorate requires a doctoral study.

PhDs are focused on producing original research, whereas professional doctorates typically have some professional experience they apply toward researching a solution to a practical problem. If you have significant experience in a professional field, such as business administration or public health, you might choose to pursue a professional doctorate because you can use your knowledge and expertise in more concrete ways.

Professional degrees

A professional degree is the PhD equivalent for certain professions, like for a medical doctor, dentist, or lawyer. Whereas a PhD tends to promote a historical and theoretical education, a professional degree emphasizes a practical education because it’s designed for you to begin working in medicine or law after you graduate and pass additional licensing requirements.

Did you know?

Honorary degrees at the PhD level are conferred upon people who've made significant contributions to a field or society at large. An "honorary" degree refers to an academic award that distinguished individuals can receive from an academic institution without having to complete the usual requirements of the degree. Here are some celebrity examples:

Meryl Streep has received honorary PhDs from Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and the University of Indiana at Bloomington for her cinematic achievements.

Oprah Winfrey has received honorary PhDs from Princeton, Howard University, Duke University, and Harvard for her philanthropic and business achievements.

John Legend has received honorary Doctorate of Music from the University of Pennsylvania and an honorary doctorate from Howard University.

Education requirements for a PhD

Obtaining your PhD requires earning your bachelor’s degree and likely your master’s degree before you can begin applying to doctorate programs. However, there are some programs that combine the master’s degree with the PhD so that you spend less time earning both and can begin once you finish your bachelor’s degree.

Let's look at the two most important degrees you’ll need to complete before you can begin pursuing your PhD.

Bachelor’s degree

You will need to earn a bachelor’s degree before pursuing more advanced degrees, like a master’s or PhD. You don’t have to choose a major related to your eventual doctorate, though it can help to pick a complementary subject so you have a strong foundation before taking higher-level coursework. For example, if you want to obtain a PhD in economics, then it might help to major in economics, finance, business, or even political science as an undergraduate.

While graduate programs don’t always expect applicants to have studied the same field as the one they’re applying to, you will need to explain your interest in the field of your potential graduate work and have some knowledge about what you want to study within it. Aligning your undergraduate and graduate focuses may also help you move through your graduate coursework faster.

Learn more: How to Get a Bachelor’s Degree

Master’s degree

A master’s degree is an advanced degree you can pursue after earning your undergraduate degree. PhD programs typically require a master’s before admitting you, though as we noted above, some programs may combine degree tracks to decrease the amount of time to completion.

Master’s degrees take between one and three years to finish , depending on whether you’re able to attend part-time or full-time. Master’s degrees enhance your level of expertise in your field, and you can pursue many higher-level careers with the credential—or continue with your education and apply to PhD programs.

Learn more: Is a Master’s Degree Worth It?

4 benefits of a PhD

There are a number of reasons why you might want to pursue your PhD. Let’s hone in on four of them:

1. Become an expert.

People who obtain PhDs have the highest possible education in their field. As such, they're often considered to be genuine experts in that subject matter. You may feel a tremendous amount of personal satisfaction from having achieved this level of mastery.

2. Contribute original research.

Adding to the knowledge of a particular field is no small feat. When you write your dissertation, you will have the opportunity to make a valuable original contribution that either expands people’s understanding of a subject or brings an entirely new perspective to it.

3. Broaden your job opportunities.

Earning a PhD could qualify you to work in academia or research, but it may also increase your qualifications—or help you stand out—for jobs that do not necessarily require a PhD. Holding a PhD may convey to employers that you’re knowledgeable, hardworking, and disciplined because of what it takes to earn the degree.

4. Increase your salary potential.

On average, people with PhDs can potentially make more than those with undergraduate degrees, depending on your profession. The median weekly earnings of a person with a PhD in the United States is $1,885 compared to $1,305 for bachelor's degree holders [ 1 ]. A doctorate can also lead to higher lifetime earnings. A bachelor’s degree graduate will earn an average of $2.2 million over their lifetime, but PhD graduates earn an average of $4 million over their lifetimes [ 2 ].

Careers that typically require a PhD

A PhD is an academic credential necessary to teach at the university level or conduct high-level research in a number of fields, such as the life and social sciences. The following careers typically require a doctorate:

Research associate

Research scientist

Assistant professor

Dean of students

Careers where a PhD may help you advance

While the careers listed below generally require a master’s degree, earning your PhD may help you qualify for more advanced roles within the profession—or help you develop more specialized knowledge to succeed in your career.

Anthropologist

Statistician

Political scientist

Psychologist

Explore further

If you're contemplating getting your PhD and have not yet earned your master’s, explore a number of master’s degree options from prestigious universities in high-growth fields, such as computer science , business , management , or public health. Work toward your degree at your own pace from anywhere with an internet connection.

Article sources

US Bureau of Labor Statistics.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. “ Education Pays, 2020 : Career Outlook , https://www.bls.gov/careeroutlook/2021/data-on-display/education-pays.htm." Accessed August 4, 2023.

Site Selection Magazine. " Education Level Is Only One Part of the Lifetime Earnings Picture , https://siteselection.com/cc/workforce/2022/education-level-is-only-one-part-of-the-lifetime-earnings-picture.cfm." Accessed August 4, 2023.

Keep reading

Coursera staff.

Editorial Team

Coursera’s editorial team is comprised of highly experienced professional editors, writers, and fact...

This content has been made available for informational purposes only. Learners are advised to conduct additional research to ensure that courses and other credentials pursued meet their personal, professional, and financial goals.

Harvard Business School →
Doctoral Programs →

PhD Programs

Accounting & Management
Business Economics
Health Policy (Management)
Organizational Behavior
Technology & Operations Management

Students in our PhD programs are encouraged from day one to think of this experience as their first job in business academia—a training ground for a challenging and rewarding career generating rigorous, relevant research that influences practice.

Our doctoral students work with faculty and access resources throughout HBS and Harvard University. The PhD program curriculum requires coursework at HBS and other Harvard discipline departments, and with HBS and Harvard faculty on advisory committees. Faculty throughout Harvard guide the programs through their participation on advisory committees.

How do I know which program is right for me?

There are many paths, but we are one HBS. Our PhD students draw on diverse personal and professional backgrounds to pursue an ever-expanding range of research topics. Explore more here about each program’s requirements & curriculum, read student profiles for each discipline as well as student research , and placement information.

The PhD in Business Administration grounds students in the disciplinary theories and research methods that form the foundation of an academic career. Jointly administered by HBS and GSAS, the program has five areas of study: Accounting and Management , Management , Marketing , Strategy , and Technology and Operations Management . All areas of study involve roughly two years of coursework culminating in a field exam. The remaining years of the program are spent conducting independent research, working on co-authored publications, and writing the dissertation. Students join these programs from a wide range of backgrounds, from consulting to engineering. Many applicants possess liberal arts degrees, as there is not a requirement to possess a business degree before joining the program

The PhD in Business Economics provides students the opportunity to study in both Harvard’s world-class Economics Department and Harvard Business School. Throughout the program, coursework includes exploration of microeconomic theory, macroeconomic theory, probability and statistics, and econometrics. While some students join the Business Economics program directly from undergraduate or masters programs, others have worked in economic consulting firms or as research assistants at universities or intergovernmental organizations.

The PhD program in Health Policy (Management) is rooted in data-driven research on the managerial, operational, and strategic issues facing a wide range of organizations. Coursework includes the study of microeconomic theory, management, research methods, and statistics. The backgrounds of students in this program are quite varied, with some coming from public health or the healthcare industry, while others arrive at the program with a background in disciplinary research

The PhD program in Organizational Behavior offers two tracks: either a micro or macro approach. In the micro track, students focus on the study of interpersonal relationships within organizations and the effects that groups have on individuals. Students in the macro track use sociological methods to examine organizations, groups, and markets as a whole, including topics such as the influence of individuals on organizational change, or the relationship between social missions and financial objectives. Jointly administered by HBS and GSAS, the program includes core disciplinary training in sociology or psychology, as well as additional coursework in organizational behavior.

Accounting & Management

Business economics , health policy (management) , management , marketing , organizational behavior , strategy , technology & operations management .

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PhD after B.Tech

Keerthana R ,

Mar 4, 2024

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Many students are wondering whether you can do a PhD after B.Tech or not. This article is written to help you answer that question as we have told you how to do it as well.

The most significant advantage of doing a Ph.D. right now after you complete B.Tech is that you get a chance to study with highly competitive students. Most of the students are worried about one thing, and that is just the amount of Ph.D. pressure and research aptitude you need right after B.Tech completes. But experts say that this will not be an issue.

There is no clarity on what is the Ph.D. eligibility as it differs with every institute. If you have future research plans and are thinking about it, then doing a Ph.D. after B.Tech or B.E. would be a great plan as this idea is indeed possible ! In this article, we will be talking about Ph.D. after B.Tech and if it is possible or not and if it is indeed possible to do it, how can one do it? So read more to find out the answer.

Table of Contents

Why Ph.D. After B.Tech?

Ph.d. after b.tech: how to apply, how to do ph.d. after b.tech.

Specializations

Documents Prerequisites

Important Points
Universities

It is known that the Master’s program can get very expensive. Usually, students interested in a research program enroll for the same, i.e., a Master’s program, later converting it to a Ph.D. But a direct admission to any of the well-known Ph.D. courses after a Bachelor’s degree is also an option, as a student can do it, provided when they work hard. There are specific criteria that the applicant needs to meet. Hence, you need to check for each university to apply for a Direct Ph.D. admission after a Bachelor’s, i.e., a B.Tech or a B.E program.

For directly joining Ph.D. after B.Tech, you have to follow the below mentioned steps:

First you have to crack the GATE examination.
Your B.Tech CGPA must be at least 8.0 out of 10.
You must have a good “SOP” (Study of Purpose) and a good “SOR”(Statement of Research).
Then you need to prepare for the interview calls of various Institutes like IITs, IISC and others
After clearing the interview, you can join your dream University as a direct PhD student.

Whenever you try building a profile for a Ph.D. application, having a Master’s is the key. In most current scenarios, work experience in the field of interest for at least a year or two is good. The student can carry out whatever research work they require in the relevant area while doing their Bachelor’s program.

Students can also learn how to work under their guides after graduation to show different experiences in research.
A paper publication that is otherwise called a technical paper presentation is in the form of seminars and other projects during your Bachelor’s program that you need to do, reflecting your aptitude and interest in research.
The final year project topic given to you at the end of the day can be selected as per your future research target.
There is also a particular concept of Majors and Minors that students do not know about.
It is better to choose your majors to try to make your profile stronger for a direct Ph.D. application.
Care should be taken to ensure that the coursework is covered in proper time and that the Bachelor’s program is equivalent to the corresponding program in the US.

Ph.D. Entrance Exams

There is usually an entrance exam, whether you go for a Ph.D. from IIT, IIM, or any other higher education institution, to qualify for a Ph.D. Here's a breakdown of some of the top Ph.D. entrance exams that you should be familiar with:

UGC Net Exam
CSIR-UGC NET exam
ARC Ph.D. Admission Test
DU Ph.D. Entrance Exam
IGNOU Ph.D. Entrance Exam

Ph.D. Specializations after B.Tech

Suppose you are currently prominent in the field of Mathematics and Finance. In that case, your chances of getting an admit for a Ph.D. in Quantitative Finance, which is otherwise called only Finance, can get better. Some of the Ph.D. specializations after B.Tech are:

Ph.D. in Engineering
Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering
Ph.D. in Civil Engineering
Ph.D. in Fluid mechanics, Turbomachinery and Energy Fluid
Material, Mechanics, and Design
Ph.D. in Information Engineering
Ph.D. in Management and Manufacturing
Ph.D. in Graphene Technology
Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering
Ph.D. in Robotics Engineering
Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence
Ph.D. in Computer Engineering

Apart from all of the points mentioned above in the paragraph, the essential factors you need to take care of while backing a profile are the documents you need to have that go along with your application.

A Statement of Purpose (SOP) might be required, and it must be well written. It should describe why you want to make it and your reason behind pursuing a Ph.D. and stuff like your area of interest, application, and contribution of the research you wish to carry out, how you see yourself progressing with the research work, etc.
An SOP can either make or break the deal for you. Your caliber and aptitude need to be exemplary in the SOP that you write.
The next set of essential documents that you need to have is Letters of Recommendation from professors. These should come from your guides or your mentors from your university. Your equation and the work that you do with the focus matter a lot here. Hence maintaining a healthy rapport with staff and the hard work you need to do are a must.

Therefore, applying for a Ph.D. after a Bachelor’s program without ever needing to do a Master’s program is entirely possible. It involves a lot of hard work from your side over 3 to 4 years of Undergraduate life, but it works in your favor at the end of the day.

Important Points on Ph.D. After B.Tech

The following points listed below give you a summary of the topics listed above. We have listed them out in such a way that it looks like a list of the essential points to note about the topic Ph.D. after B.Tech:

You can carry out any research work in a relevant area even though you are doing a Bachelor’s.
Get lots of knowledge on publishing papers, writing technical paper presentations, and working on different projects. This will showcase your talent as well as your research interest.
Get strong Letters of Recommendation from your professors in college, as it is essential to have a LOR in hand with you.
A well-written statement of purpose will always be an added advantage to you if you have an SOP.
Doing double or Triple Majors in any relevant kind of field related to that of research.
Get good GRE scores and TOEFL scores or even IELTS scores, as they matter a lot.
Make sure that your academic background is placed well as it plays a crucial role later on.
Put in lots of long study hours so that you can achieve your target.

Universities Offering Ph.D. Programs in India

Listed below are the popular universities in India from where you can pursue Ph.D. directly after B.Tech:

IIT Guwahati
IIT Hyderabad
IIT Kharagpur
BITS Pilani
Chandigarh University, Mohali
Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar
Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth, Faridabad
Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai
Awadhesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa

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How to Know When It's Time to Quit Your Ph.D. Program

Here are some pointers on when to stay in a Ph.D. program and when to drop out.

When to Quit Your Ph.D. Program

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Alumni of Ph.D. programs say one valid reason to exit a Ph.D. program is if having a Ph.D. is not necessary for you to achieve your professional aspirations.

Earning a doctorate of any sort is difficult. After years of study, candidates must pass a qualification exam, write a lengthy dissertation or complete a capstone project, and defend their research and conclusions in front of a panel.

And unlike most other degree programs, research doctorates - commonly known as Doctor of Philosophy, or Ph.D., degrees - frequently do not have precise parameters on how long they take to finish.

Uncertainty surrounding when graduation day will arrive is one of the challenging aspects of these programs, and Ph.D. students often struggle to plan for the future when they don't have an end date in mind, says Adam Ruben, who has a Ph.D. degree in biochemistry and molecular biology from Johns Hopkins University in Maryland.

"It's so indeterminate, how long it will last," says Ruben, who wrote a satirical book called "Surviving Your Stupid, Stupid Decision to Go to Grad School."

"People ask you how long it will be until you graduate, and most of the time you tell them you have no idea," he adds. "It's not really until that last six-month stretch or so, when you have a thesis defense date scheduled, and you can see the light at the end of the tunnel, that you know how long it is going to be."

Students who have started to regret their decision to enter a Ph.D. program should carefully evaluate whether it makes sense to stay in graduate school, experts say.

"Sometimes, openly considering quitting as a real option can help you to reconnect with why you started the PhD in the first place, and why you would like to stay," Katherine Firth, an academic adviser at the University of Melbourne in Australia, who has a Ph.D. and supervises Ph.D. students, wrote in an email.

Noncompletion and Academic Delays

Many people who enroll in Ph.D. programs leave those programs without Ph.D. degrees or take longer than eight years to finish their studies.

Ph.D. completion statistics from the American Academy of Arts and Sciences reveal that only 42% of humanities Ph.D. students in the U.S. who began pursuing their degrees sometime between 1996 and 2006 had doctorates eight years later.

Research on Ph.D. program attrition indicates that conflict between Ph.D. students and their academic advisers increases the odds that students will leave grad school. Frustration that arises while coming up with ideas for a dissertation or capstone, completing that project and defending it can be a major source of stress for Ph.D. students, many of whom leave their programs after completing doctoral coursework but before finalizing and successfully defending their work, research shows.

Additionally, Ph.D. students often express a need for additional funding, mental health services and professional mentoring.

Ph.D. program alumni often say they were mistreated by faculty during graduate school. A global survey of graduate students and postdoctoral researchers at academic science institutions, published in May 2021, revealed that 84% of current and former science Ph.D. students and postdocs felt that an academic supervisor had treated them abusively.

"Cases where people are facing harassment, bullying or exclusion for example, might mean a person decides the only safe option is to quit, but a better academic culture would let them stay and complete," says Firth.

Reasons to Leave a Ph.D. Program

When a ph.d. won't help you get where you want to go.

Lt. Col. Robert Solano, a U.S. Army aviator and commander for the federal Defense Contract Management Agency, exited a distance learning, predominantly online Ph.D. program in aviation science several years ago. He realized he could advance in the military and thrive as an entrepreneur and investor without a doctorate.

"You don't need Ph.D. behind your name to show the world your self-worth and the value that you bring," he adds. "I wish I'd understood that sooner in the process."

Solano, who was a part-time Ph.D. student with a full-time military career and military scholarships, had acquired around $15,000 of debt to finance his Ph.D. studies, he says.

"One of my biggest deciding factors was that I felt like the dissertation process didn't allow me to be creative and pursue research that was going to be really meaningful and impactful in my career and my life," Solano says, adding that he submitted three dissertation research proposals that were rejected. "I could not imagine doing that for the next two to four years of my life, struggling with a dissertation board, and I think that was really the biggest factor for me."

When Your Well-Being Is at Risk

Experts say it's worth considering pausing or ending your studies if they are significantly interfering with other important aspects of your life, such as your family, health and relationships.

For Solano, the volume of Ph.D. reading and writing assignments he had to complete often felt overwhelming when combined with his professional duties. "I was declining in happiness and declining in health," he says.

Solano also worried that time spent on doctoral studies would take away from time with the woman who later became his wife, he says.

"If I could have done one thing differently, it would have been paying closer attention to that and not sacrificing those two things - my happiness and health," he says.

When You Find Another Way

Sometimes Ph.D. students receive job offers for their dream positions during their Ph.D. studies. In those cases, "they might choose to leave because they have already achieved their goals," Firth says.

Another valid reason to leave a Ph.D. program, she says, is if a student discovers that the actual experience of obtaining a Ph.D. "is not what they signed up for, and it doesn’t suit them after all."

What to Do if You're Considering Quitting

Ask for advice from someone other than your thesis adviser.

Certain problems with Ph.D. programs, such as disagreements and misunderstandings with advisers, may be addressed by seeking help from various faculty members or administrators at your grad school and outside experts who aren't on your thesis committee, experts say.

"There are other folks that (students) can go to for help and perspective, on and off campus," says Jennifer Polk, a Ph.D. recipient who provides career consulting to Ph.D. students and alumni via her consulting firm, "From Ph.D. to Life."

Ph.D. students often feel disempowered and isolated, Polk says, but "if the decision is whether to quit or not, that actually gives you power."

"If you're willing to walk away, you have power, so you can go and talk to other professors," she adds. "You can go and talk to the chair of the department. ... You can escalate to the graduate dean. There might be other offices you can go to before you burn it all down."

Firth notes that sometimes changes to a Ph.D. program – such as a switch from one adviser to another or a change to a thesis committee – can address a Ph.D. student's concerns and negate the desire to quit. Transitioning to part-time study or taking a leave of absence could make sense, and so could shifting between locations if a university has multiple campuses, she adds.

"Sometimes people think they have to quit, but they could seek out other adjustments," Firth wrote. It's also important for Ph.D. students in distress to evaluate whether their "current problems might go away with time or are here to stay," she says.

Consider Whether You Are Being Too Self-Critical

It is common for Ph.D. students to have a crisis of confidence in the middle of their studies, but Ruben cautions that doubts about personal competence may simply be impostor syndrome in disguise.

Though skepticism is frequently beneficial when conducting academic research, it can become destructive if it compromises someone's faith in themselves, he says.

"The problem is if you apply that skepticism to your own abilities and you apply it too harshly and say, 'I'm no good. I'm the worst person here. I don't deserve to be here,'" Ruben says. "You're going to feel terrible and you may also make some decisions that you wouldn't necessarily have made if you had a better sense of your own abilities and interests."

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Is it Possible to Get My PhD After My MBA?

In academia, numerous accomplishments can be achieved. You can earn a dual degree and have expertise in multiple fields, or further your career potential by going back to school . But what about progressing from an MBA to a PhD?

In regards to higher education, many consider earning a PhD, or doctorate degree, the pinnacle of success. Usually, due to passion for a particular industry or subject, a PhD candidate will spend years of rigorous research to unpack its intricacies and become a leading expert in the field. At the end of their studies, they are able to finally see their work come to fruition when they receive their doctorate and join alongside other scholars. However, is it typical for an MBA graduate to move onto pursuing their PhD? And is there a specific purpose? Are there different types of PhD programs? What is the difference between a PhD and DBA?

To answer the budding question: yes, you can pursue your PhD after earning your MBA, and choosing to earn a doctorate is entirely up to you and your aspirations. To help you better understand if getting a PhD is the right choice, we look at the path an MBA graduate can take to earn their PhD, one of the higher purposes of a doctorate, and the different types of academic programs.

What is a PhD, and What is it Used For?

By definition, a PhD is a Doctor of Philosophy in a particular discipline, which is why it's also referred to as a doctorate. This focus is typically for individuals highly passionate about a specific subject matter, driven by the pursuit to understand it better through rigorous research. A majority of students seeking their PhD are eager researchers, although there are always exceptions, and each carries out years of highly intensive research to conclude their original thesis and earn their doctorate.

In terms of translating your education into a career, a doctorate can be used in a plethora of fields, especially if one’s thesis is around a wider subject matter and can be a discipline applied to various industries (take organizational development, for example). For those who are passionate about a career in research, a doctoral degree is a perfect fit. Possibly the most popular field for those with a doctorate is a fruitful career in academia, teaching their subject matter to others interested in the same area. Many graduates become faculty members at business schools upon completing their PhD and provide their expertise to their students. Regardless of which industry you choose, you can be assured that a PhD will provide you with numerous opportunities.

How Long Does it Take to Progress from an MBA to PhD?

The timeframe for earning your PhD can vary depending on program and location. Many countries have varying timelines of how long the completion of a doctoral program will take. In the United States, the average is around 4-5 years of completion after receiving your Master of Business Administration.

Do You Need an MBA to Get a PhD?

To be accepted into a doctoral program, you must have a master’s degree. It does not have to be a Master of Business Administration, but it does need to be a master’s of some form. Depending on your area of specialization, it could be advantageous to earn your MBA in pursuit of a PhD if you are planning to embark on a career in business upon completion of your doctorate. Additionally, one important aspect to consider is the program itself. It is important to look into a program’s requirements before applying to meet the eligibility criteria.

The Difference Between a DBA and a PhD

For those specifically interested in a career in business, a Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) is a highly beneficial doctoral program. A DBA focuses on a broader spectrum of business disciplines, dedicating research toward multiple corporate facets, and practical implementation. On the contrary, a PhD narrows into a specific area of discipline and research, emphasizing theory, and it’s potential implications. While both are heavily centered around research and implementation, a DBA sets business executives and leaders on a path to discover new possibilities for their organizations and businesses. In a way, it allows established business professionals to “trailblaze” the way for new and innovative ideas that can disrupt the market and set a precedent for the future of business.

Get Your MBA or DBA at Pepperdine Graziadio Business School

At Pepperdine Graziadio, we proudly offer degrees to accommodate business professionals at any stage of their lives and careers. Our full and part-time MBA programs are designed to prepare candidates for a successful career in values-based business leadership. All of our MBA programs offer a personalized learning approach executed by our world-class faculty. Each program is characterized by its top-ranked business curriculum that can be coupled with an academic concentration.

Our Executive Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) program has been carefully designed for the tenured business leader looking to drive groundbreaking innovations. This rigorous program allows candidates to gain in-depth knowledge and finetune their expertise through applied research. Also, executives enjoy learning alongside changemakers in various industries and participating in exclusive opportunities available only to DBA candidates.

Learn more about which programs fit your career aspirations and academic interests.

Learn more about how to achieve your career goals with a degree from Pepperdine Graziadio Business School.

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What to Do After PhD? – Pros and Cons of Pursuing Postdoc

“Received my PhD. Where do I go from here? What to do after PhD?”—is one of the most common challenges for students who have recently graduated. So if you’re stuck at this point of deciding whether to go ahead with academia or switch to a non-academic career, you’re not alone! How do you plan on taking what you have learned in your PhD and capitalize on it? How do you start your new career or use your PhD to take the next step in your existing one?

What to Do After PhD?

After having spent endless hours conducting your research and passing up enjoyable opportunities to complete your dissertation, you have finally attained the coveted doctorate degree. It’s a remarkable feat! But one struggle that holds on to you is—what do you do now that you’ve finished your PhD?

Be it from your seniors at the university or just having heard it from scholars in your field, one thing you may have realized is that tenure-track positions in academia are hard to come by. Despite the “default” propensity of PhD graduates pursuing academic research positions, they’re now moving beyond it. Additionally, an uncertain future in academia is a factor of concern amongst all. Here we shall discuss what to do after PhD?—and focus on the pros and cons of pursuing postdoc to make a calculated decision.

Should I Pursue Postdoc?

Navigating through the career waters after PhD can be quite treacherous. Moreover, with the job market in academia being intensely competitive, even students with excellent academic caliber aren’t assured of getting a position.

While the competition is persistent, doing a postdoc is becoming a prerequisite for a successful career. However, your zeal and confidence of wanting to stay in academia can take you a long way. The preliminary postdoc benefits to consider while applying for postdoc are:

Additional time to expand your research through funding.
Publish more research work to support or expand your research conducted during Phd.
More opportunities for networking and collaboration.

Pros of Pursuing Postdoc

While the answer to “What to do after postdoc?” can vary for every researcher depending on their interests, the undeniable benefits of a postdoc position can’t be overseen.

1. Career Development Prospects:

Pursuing career as a postdoc fellow allows you an extended period to work on your research after your PhD. Furthermore, it offers you more flexible opportunities to leverage laboratory facilities than you could during your PhD. It allows you to travel freely for conferences, which lead to meeting scholars from your field and making newer professional connections. Additionally, a postdoc fellow gets opportunity to upskill themselves in their research field and allied domains.

2. Advanced Research Opportunities:

Given the immense value that a postdoc position poses, it opens doors to newer research opportunities. This is not just restricted to independent research but also to collaborative research. Consequently, due to lesser teaching and administrative responsibilities, it will provide you with time to publish more research work. Additionally, it allows you to revise your project cycle, begin a new project, and gain expertise in a given subject. Furthermore, it lets you collaborate with international researchers to work on similar projects. More importantly, as a postdoc your chances of receiving grants increases based on your success as a researcher during PhD.

3. Technique Development Opportunities :

As a postdoc fellow, you have more time to acquire new technology and research skills. In addition, it lets you gain experience in allied fields that you work in with your colleagues. This leads to an excellent opportunity to perfect your distinctive set of skills and learn advanced techniques in growing times.

4. Intellectual Development:

A postdoc fellowship is a distinguished phase in your career to focus exclusively on your intellectual development. Moreover, it is an important and most influential part of your research training. Therefore, choosing a postdoc can bolster your ability to pursue an advanced and successful research career.

Cons of Pursuing Postdoc

Despite the impressive benefits, considering the flip side of pursuing a postdoc position is imperative before taking the big decision.

1. No Tenure-track Guarantee

The uncertain career prospects in academia does not guarantee a tenure-track position even after completing your postdoc. According to a survey, only 30% of postdocs in the United States, and 20% postdocs in the United Kingdom succeed in acquiring a long term academic position. Moreover, some even have to climb through a series of postdoc positions before reaching a stable academic position. This predicament often leads many postdocs to quit academia and move to an industrial career.

2. Lack of Support

As postdocs are expected to work as an independent researcher, they often receive little to no professional advice or training from experienced researchers at the university. On the contrary, some institutions take advantages of the postdoc fellow as a teaching or researching captive. Furthermore, you may also experience poor working conditions as a result of being neglected by your department and surviving postdoc position becomes difficult.

3. Monetary Challenges

One of the major disadvantages of pursuing a postdoc position is meager salaries. The financial situation of postdoc fellows is so critical that an assistant professor is paid more than them, although fractionally, but yes!

4. Over-qualification

After struggling to acquire a stable academic position, postdocs often try to switch to industrial jobs. In this process, it is found that postdocs are over-qualified for industrial jobs and have to begin from scratch in the new field.

It’s undoubtedly a great feat to have successfully defended your PhD dissertation. How do you decide? What to do after PhD? What do you choose? Let these pros and cons help you in taking a well thought out decision. Tell us how this article helped you in the comments section below! You can also visit our Q&A forum for frequently asked questions related to different aspects of research writing and publishing answered by our team that comprises subject-matter experts, eminent researchers, and publication experts.

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How to use the PhD title and all the little doctorate “rules”

There are many conventions in the academic world that can make it difficult to navigate the PhD title. The PhD title is awarded to those who have completed a doctoral degree but, not many people know how to use it once they have it.

This article will go through everything you need to know about using the PhD title and when you can start using it.

The “rules” are relatively simple and can be broken as they are not officially set in stone – other than when you can officially call yourself a doctor.

There is no one correct answer but it may be misleading if you use the PhD title incorrectly. Here are the recommendations for effective communication.

It very much depends on the setting. Here are some examples of how I would use my PhD titles awarded to me after my PhD degree.

How do you Write PhD correctly after a name? Is it ph d or phd?

It can be confusing to know exactly how to write PhD after your name. Which bits are capitalised? Is there a ‘.’ In the middle?

When writing a name with a PhD after it, the correct way to do so is to use “PhD” or “Ph.D. or Ph.D”

Depending on the preference of the individual, either form can be used.

However, if the individual has a business card that states their degree in full, then the more formal “Doctor of Philosophy” should be used.

It is important to note that using “PhD” without any periods is incorrect; this abbreviation should only be used in informal contexts such as emails or text messages. I tend to use PhD in my YouTube videos and some people have pointed out that this is incorrect…

Following the individual’s preferred format will ensure that their name and credentials are properly represented.

Should you use Dr as well as PhD?

Some people like to use Dr and PhD in their official titles. There are a couple of important points that you need to know about markers and academic titles.

A person can have more than one marker in their name. For example my full title is Dr Andrew Stapleton, PhD, MChem.
The doctor title at the front can be used as a variant to the PhD at the end.

It can be a little bit ambiguous if I was to use Dr Andrew Stapleton, PhD as there are two markers. This could mean that I have two PhD’s, it could mean that I have a PhD and a medical doctorate, or it could just be that I want to use both the doctor and the PhD tags for the one degree.

However, in my experience, I still like to use the doctor title at the front and the PhD tag at the end of my name for official purposes.

Academics would rarely use the PhD suffix in everyday communication. They would much rather just use the doctor title.

What is the proper title for a PhD?

The proper title for a PhD is Doctor of Philosophy. However, some teachers and professors like to be referred to without their official title.

If you are not sure about how your professor, lecturer, or friend with a PhD wishes to be officially addressed you can ask them.

Most of the time, I like to refer to my colleagues with their doctor title for official purposes, but I do not include the PhD at the end of their name. That is much better suited to a business card.

Your lecture may wish to be referred to as:

Dr [last name]
Dr [first name]

Asking them in the early stages of your relationship is the best way to work out which one they prefer.

If in doubt, always go for the more formal name and nomenclature.

When can you start to use your PhD title after your doctorate?

When you have earned your PhD, you can start using your title immediately. Although, it can be a little bit confusing as to when you have actually passed your PhD. Is it when you have submitted your dissertation? Is it when you have received the comments back?

The University of Adelaide says that you can use it from your conferral date:

Students can be conferred on one of five dates during the year and for PhD students the conferral date will be the first available following the completion of all the academic requirements of your degree, including final thesis lodgement and the disbursement of any outstanding financial obligations to the University.

I started using my PhD title as soon as my confirmation letter arrived at my house. It was the first letter from the University that referred to me as Dr Stapleton. It was incredibly excited.

Generally, it is acceptable to use the title “Dr.” both professionally and socially but socially, people very rarely use it – at least in Australia. But you should never use it if you are a PhD student, PhD candidate or enrolled in a PhD program without a previous PhD qualification.

I do use it in professional settings but it always makes me feel a little bit awkward.

However, there may be some restrictions for certain settings. For example, if have a research degree resulting in a doctor title and you are working in a medical setting – some institutions do not like you to use Dr as it can confuse patients into thinking that you have a medical degree.

Instead, they ask that you use the PhD tag at the end of your name rather than the doctoral title for official and professional communications.

What is the correct way to write PhD?

When writing about someone’s PhD, the correct way is to write the term in full and capitalize each letter.

This should be done for all academic degrees, not just PhDs.

For example, it would be “Doctor of Philosophy” or “PhD” instead of “Ph.D.”, “Dr.”, or “DPhil”.

Additionally, it is common to mention the field of study in which the degree was earned if known, such as “Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics”. It is also good practice to include the institution that granted the degree if it is a recognized one.

When writing about someone’s PhD, use proper capitalization and include relevant information like field of study and institution if known to ensure accuracy.

How do you put a PhD in a title?

Putting a PhD in a title is not as complicated as it may sound.

Generally speaking, the proper way to list a PhD in an academic or professional setting is by writing “Dr.” before the name, followed by the person’s full name and the appropriate abbreviations for their degree.

For example, if John Smith has earned a doctorate in psychology, his credentials would be listed as “Dr. John Smith, Ph.D.”

In some cases, such as when addressing someone formally in speech or on a business card, it may also be acceptable to list their credentials as “John Smith, Ph.D.”

Depending on context and personal preference, some people may also choose to list their higher degrees after their names by writing out the entire degree instead of just its abbreviation.

For example, John Smith could choose to write his full title as “John Smith, Doctor of Psychology”

However, I have not seen this in real academic life.

Should the font size of Ph.D. be the same as someone’s name?

The question of whether the font size of a Ph.D. should be the same as someone’s name is an interesting one.

On one hand, it could be argued that the Ph.D. deserves to be highlighted and therefore should be given a larger font size than someone’s name to denote its importance.

On the other, it could be argued that this would not be necessary or appropriate, and that treating everyone equally regardless of their title or degree is more important.

It depends on context and usage – if both names appear in the same document then they should likely have the same font size; however, if one appears in a formal setting such as a diploma or certificate, then it may make sense to give it a larger font size than someone’s name to emphasize its importance and significance.

Ph.Ds (or PhDs) are an important academic achievement and should be respected accordingly but without going overboard by giving them overly large fonts sizes which can take away from rather than add to their importance.

Wrapping up – doctoral title rules

this article has been over everything you need to know that using the PhD title properly and effectively.

The doctor title can be used in place of the PhD and for incredibly formal communications, such as a business email or card, you can use both.

However, sometimes using both can cause confusion as to whether or not there is a reason first using both the doctor and PhD tags. Nonetheless, many people still use both.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

Thank you for visiting Academia Insider.

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Can we do a PhD after BTech?

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There has been a lot of confusion and doubts regarding whether it is possible to pursue a PhD after BTech. The answer is "Yes". You have the option to study a Doctoral degree after completing your BTech. A Master's degree abroad generally tends to be expensive, which is why several students hesitate to pursue the course abroad. The reality is that there is another alternative available.

Quick Facts

How to do a PhD after BTech?
Which are the PhD courses available after BTech?
Which are the top universities to choose for PhD after BTech?

If you want answers to these questions, you can read the blog completely. The blog contains detailed information on the eligibility criteria for a direct PhD admission after BTech. The process is not difficult, but you need to know about it in detail.

How to do a phd after btech, how to build a profile for a direct phd after btech, list of phd courses after btech, universities offering phd courses abroad, eligibility for a phd program after btech, documents required for a phd after btech, how to apply for phd abroad from india, jobs and salary after phd abroad.

As we state that it is possible to pursue a PhD directly after BTech, it is essential to explain how. There are several universities that offer an integrated PhD program whereby you can combine your MS and PhD programs. The course duration will be 3-6 years. You should first choose your specialisation and identify the topic in which you want to pursue your Doctorate. The other method is to apply for a PhD directly after your BTech. You can consult your faculty members or supervisors for a direct recommendation. It is to be noted that you are expected to have thorough knowledge and prior experience in the field you wish to pursue your PhD in. It will be beneficial to have research papers or publications to boost your chances of getting admission. It is also good to have your BTech final year project aligned with the topic of your PhD research.

You can submit Letters Of Recommendation (LORs) to uplift your application. If you are proven to have at least a surface knowledge of the subject that is taught in the Master's program, it will make things easier for you. If you attach a distinguished Statement Of Purpose (SOP) with it, you are sure to get admission to your desired program.

If you are planning to pursue a PhD right after your BTech, it is essential that you have a good profile. Your application should stand out from the others, and it is always good to have a few years of work experience. After completing your BTech, you can work for a year or two or extend your work under your project guide. You can also choose to do an internship. All these will help uplift your application. You can also try participating in seminars, submitting a research paper or doing an extra research project during your BTech. You should align your final year project with your PhD topic. Additionally, having a good Letter Of Recommendation from your mentor or guide is also advisable. You should maintain a good rapport with your guides so that they give an apt recommendation for you.

You can also pursue Double or Triple Majors in your Undergraduate program. This will also make a bonus point for you. For instance, if you have Double Majors in Finance and Mathematics, you can pursue your PhD in Finance. After having all these, there is something else that is equally important. It is to have all the important documents to back your application. Have a good Statement Of Purpose that states why you are a fit for admission to the course. You should also explain the contributions you will be able to make in the area. Hence, though the process may seem a bit tiring, it is equally rewarding as well.

There are a few courses you can pursue right after completing your BTech. It should be noted that not all universities offer these courses. As such, it is essential that you make a list of the universities that offer these courses and then proceed. The list of PhD courses you can choose after your BTech is given below.

PhD in Artificial Intelligence
PhD in Civil Engineering
PhD in Computer Engineering
PhD in Electrical Engineering
PhD in Engineering
PhD in Fluid Mechanics, Turbomachinery and Energy Fluid
PhD in Graphene Technology
PhD in Information Engineering
PhD in Management and Manufacturing
PhD in Material, Mechanics and Design
PhD in Mechanical Engineering
PhD in Robotics Engineering

There are several renowned universities in the world that offer PhD after BTech. The average cost of pursuing PhD after BTech ranges from INR 18,00,000 to INR 44,00,000. We have compiled a list of such prominent universities and have tabulated them below for your reference. You can keep note of these universities so that you do not need to do extensive research for them.

When you apply for a PhD program directly after BTech, you are required to meet a few eligibility criteria, which can vary depending on your chosen university. However, a few requirements will remain the same. You are expected to be proficient in a few areas of Engineering, like calculus, algebra etc. A few general requirements are listed below. Apart from the ones below, you will also need proof of the projects and assistantships you did.

Good English proficiency test scores.
Letters Of Recommendation (LORs).
Statement Of Purpose (SOP).
Good GMAT / GRE scores.
A research proposal specifying your interests in research.
Preferable to have Double/Triple Majors.

While you apply for a PhD directly after your BTech, you need to submit a few documents. These documents can vary depending on the university you apply to, but there are a few documents that almost all universities ask for. They are given below.

Score sheets of GRE/GMAT, IELTS / PTE / TOEFL .
Statement Of Purpose (SOP)
Letters Of Recommendation (LORs)
Research Proposal
Proof of funds

If you wish to apply for PhD abroad from India, you need to follow a few steps. They are mentioned below for your reference. It is essential that you keep a note of it so that you can plan everything accordingly. You should start applying early, so you have enough time to arrange everything. Also, you should visit the official website of the universities to get detailed information.

Research the PhD courses available.
Finalise the area you want to specialise in.
Choose the topic you want to do your research in.
Search for the best supervisor to guide you.
Send a formal application letter to your supervisor.
Ensure to follow up regularly through email or call.
Clear all your doubts by asking questions.
Fill out the application form.

PhD is one of the most prestigious degrees you can pursue abroad. Almost all universities in top study destinations like Australia , the USA , the UK , Canada etc., offer PhD in several specialisations. A Doctoral degree will help you get a well-paid job easily. It is a wide misconception that becoming a college professor is the only job one can take up after completing a PhD. However, this is not true. There are a few other career options available. They are given below.

If you have a good academic credential, you are sure to get admission to a PhD program at your preferred university after your BTech. You can directly apply for a PhD or opt for a combined Master's and Doctoral program. We hope to have covered all details regarding the possibilities of pursuing a PhD directly after BTech. If you wish to know more about the cost of studying and living in popular study destinations, courses etc., you can read our blogs on them.

If you feel the need for any further help and assistance during your application to universities abroad, you can contact AECC . We have expert professionals and counsellors to help you throughout the process, from researching the best universities and courses to visa guidance. Don't hesitate to contact us for free assistance!

Contact aecc

Is doing a PhD difficult?

PhD is not a very easy program to pursue, and you should work hard to complete your Doctoral degree. However, if you are truly interested and are ready to work hard, you will surely find the program interesting and easy.

Is PhD possible after BTech?

Yes, it is possible to pursue PhD after BTech, provided you satisfy a few requirements. You can either go for an integrated Master's and PhD program or get direct recommendations from your professors or supervisors.

Is GATE required for PhD?

No, GATE is not a compulsory requirement for admission to PhD programs. Some several universities and colleges offer admission based on your academic preference.

How much CGPA is required for PhD?

You will need a CGPA of 7.5 to get admission to a PhD. However, there can be changes in this based on the university you choose.

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Btech in canada for indian students, btech in computer science, btech subjects & syllabus.

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After a PhD

Learn about life after a PhD, from employability statistics to career prospects. Find out the skills you’ll gain, how to apply these to a range of professions and how to continue enhancing your profile as a researcher.

Key Resources

Postdocs: The Definitive Guide

A postdoc can be a crucial stepping stone to a successful career after completing a PhD. Find out what they are, what they involve and much more.

Transferable PhD Skills You Can Use in Any Career

From communication to time management, you will gain a large variety of transferable skills from completing a PhD. Learn what these are and how to use them in your CV.

Life After a PhD: What Can You Do?

Find out the most common career paths for doctorates both within and outside of the academic world.

Supporting Resources

What is a Research Assistant?

Research assistants are employed by research institutes to assist with academic or private research. Find out all you need to know about the role.

Lecturer and Professor Salaries – Explained

Thinking about becoming a University Lecturer? If so, you’re going to want to learn all about the teaching and researching life, including the salary you can expect!

The Journal Peer Review Process

The journal peer review process to publish a research paper can take several months to complete. Learn more about all the different steps involved here.

What You Can Expect as a New University Lecturer

Starting a career as a university lecturer can be one of the most rewarding highlights of your academic journey. Learn more about what to expect in this demanding role.

What Can You Do with A PhD in Public Health?

Studying public health is a wonderful choice for those who wish to dedicate their career to advancing healthcare delivery and improving the health and wellbeing of the public.

What Can You Do With A PhD In Sociology?

A PhD in sociology provides insight into social concepts and requires a strong understanding of statistics and data; learn more about career options afterwards.

Turn Your PhD Thesis Into a Paper

There may be opportunities to convert your thesis into a form ready for peer-review. Here’re a few tips to help you on your paper writing journey.

Gain valuable insight from our collection of exclusive interviews with both current and past PhD students. Learn from their best advice, personal challenges and career path after completing their doctorate.

Educational resources and simple solutions for your research journey

What Next After PhD? Decoding Your Life After a PhD

Acquiring a doctoral degree is undoubtedly a momentous occasion worthy of celebrations—students can relax, unwind, and let go of the many stresses associated with the past few years of hard work. But soon, these celebrations are followed by questions on the steps needed to grow professionally after a PhD. In this post, I hope to guide you toward finding an answer to the question “What comes after a PhD?”

So what does life after a PhD look like? It is inevitable that your PhD will leave you with an array of skills that are transferable across different sectors. These could be technical skills that are domain-specific and, more importantly, broad skills such as project management, data analysis, and effective communication. Often, it takes a while after a PhD for students to acknowledge that they are indeed equipped with these skills. Hence, it is a good idea to create a portfolio, mapping different skills to the projects and tasks that were undertaken during and after your PhD.

Choosing the next step in your career and life after PhD would then trickle down to your personal preferences and leveraging your skills tactfully. If you’ve felt stuck with the question of what to do after a PhD, here are some career options to consider:

Postdoctoral fellowship. After a PhD, if you are keen to continue doing research, you can pursue a postdoctoral fellowship in an academic institution and then work toward securing a tenure-track professorship. And while this path surely has its perks, especially if you want to set up your own research lab, it may be helpful to know that this is not the only worthwhile career path in life after a PhD.
Industry research. If you are not keen on research in academia after a PhD, you can opt to join the industry directly or after a few years of academic or industrial postdoctoral fellowship. If you choose this life after a PhD, you may need to invest additional time and energy in understanding the differences in work ethic and culture between industry and academia. However, orientation to these aspects is usually part of the training that you might receive as a new employee. Upon entering the industry, you can expand your portfolio by exploring sales and marketing, product development, and business development options.
Publication support. If you envision your life after PhD to be closely associated with research, but not directly involved in it, you can opt for careers in publication support, and work with publishers/journals or organizations specializing in scholarly communications.
Science journalism and social outreach. If after a PhD, you are keen to explore your communication skills and contribute to filling the gap between science and society, you can opt for a career in science journalism/communication and can look for organizations that are involved in science outreach and social engagement.

If you have wondered about your career after a PhD, by now it may be clear that what comes after PhD is not a question you should stress about as there is no dearth of career options. However, here are a few additional points to consider helping you shape your life after PhD and to ensure that your career choice aligns well with your personal preferences.

Financial aspirations. Financial perks vary drastically across the above-mentioned career options, and it is important to understand your personal financial goals before deciding what to do after PhD. Choosing an option that will help you grow both professionally and financially will keep you happier in the long run.
Working in a team vs. working solo. As a PhD student, you may be used to working on your own and taking complete ownership of your projects and ideas. You may not always have this option in your life after PhD. It is important to acknowledge your preference regarding the change that might occur in an organization where you are expected to engage in teamwork and share credit for your ideas.
Fixed work hours vs. flexible work hours . The doctoral journey is filled with unpredictability and you might have started getting used to the flexible work hours. However, after a PhD if you are planning to work in an organization where fixed work hours are a norm, then you might want to relook at your preferences and reconsider what to do after a PhD.
Hierarchical vs. non-hierarchical work environment. This can be an important point to consider when assessing where you can thrive the most in your life after a PhD. A structured work environment, like an established company with a defined hierarchy may provide you security, stability, and opportunities for a steady rise up the career ladder. On the other hand, working in a non-hierarchical or non-structured environment like a start-up may require you to perform a variety of roles simultaneously, give you the flexibility and chance to explore new domains and acquire new skills regularly, and could be rewarding in its own way after a PhD.

Through this article, we hope you found an answer to the common conundrum of what’s next after a PhD. Ultimately, for a happy and satisfying life after PhD, adopting a growth mindset will take you far in your career, no matter which direction you choose.

R Discovery is a literature search and research reading platform that accelerates your research discovery journey by keeping you updated on the latest, most relevant scholarly content. With 250M+ research articles sourced from trusted aggregators like CrossRef, Unpaywall, PubMed, PubMed Central, Open Alex and top publishing houses like Springer Nature, JAMA, IOP, Taylor & Francis, NEJM, BMJ, Karger, SAGE, Emerald Publishing and more, R Discovery puts a world of research at your fingertips.

Try R Discovery Prime FREE for 1 week or upgrade at just US$72 a year to access premium features that let you listen to research on the go, read in your language, collaborate with peers, auto sync with reference managers, and much more. Choose a simpler, smarter way to find and read research – Download the app and start your free 7-day trial today !

How to Write a Research Paper Outline (with Examples)

How Can We Support Underrepresented Groups in Science?

Education News

UGC introduces direct PhD entry for four-year degree holders via NET

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Students with 4-year bachelor's degrees, 75% can directly pursue PhD: UGC chief

The candidates with four-year undergraduate degrees can now directly pursue phd and appear for net. such candidates are allowed to appear (for tests) in a subject in which they want to pursue a phd irrespective of the discipline in which they have obtained the four-year bachelor's degree.

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Students with 4-year bachelor's degrees, 75% can directly pursue PhD: UGC chief

Four-year undergraduate degree holders now eligible for NET and PhD, per UGC Chairman
UGC relaxes NET eligibility criteria, allows four-year degree holders to pursue PhD directly
UGC-NET exam this year to be offline, scheduled for June 16; application process open till May

Students with four-year undergraduate degrees can now directly appear for NET and pursue PhD, according to University Grants Commission (UGC) Chairman Jagadesh Kumar. To pursue a PhD with or without a Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), the candidates will require a minimum of 75 percent marks or equivalent grades in their four-year undergraduate course.

So far, a candidate for the National Eligibility Test (NET) needed a master's degree with a minimum of 55 percent marks. The exam this year will be conducted in offline mode instead of a Computer-Based Test. Tests for all subjects will be conducted on June 16.

"The candidates with four-year undergraduate degrees can now directly pursue PhD and appear for NET. Such candidates are allowed to appear (for tests) in a subject in which they want to pursue a PhD irrespective of the discipline in which they have obtained the four-year bachelor's degree," Kumar told PTI.

"Candidates having passed a four-year or eight-semester bachelor's degree programme should have a minimum of 75 percent marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade on a point scale wherever the grading system is followed," the UGC chairman said.

A relaxation of five percent marks or its equivalent grade may be allowed for those belonging to SC, ST, OBC (non-creamy layer), differently-abled, economically weaker sections and other categories of candidates as per the decision of the UGC from time to time, he added. UGC-NET is an exam to determine the eligibility of Indian nationals for the "award of Junior Research Fellowship and appointment as assistant professor", "appointment as assistant professor and admission to PhD" and "admission to PhD only" in Indian universities and colleges.

International

April 25, 2024 - US university protests

By Elise Hammond, Chandelis Duster, Kathleen Magramo, Elizabeth Wolfe, Aya Elamroussi, Lauren Mascarenhas and Tori B. Powell, CNN

Our live coverage of the pro-Palestinian protests on US campuses has moved here .

Progress in negotiations between Columbia protesters and administrators, university says

From CNN’s Paradise Afshar

Negotiations between Columbia University administrators and pro-Palestinian protesters who've been occupying a campus lawn with a sprawling encampment "have shown progress and are continuing as planned," the school said in a statement late Thursday.

"For several days, a small group of faculty, administrators, and University Senators have been in dialogue with student organizers to discuss the basis for dismantling the encampment, dispersing, and following University policies going forward," the university said.

"We have our demands; they have theirs."

The university also denied rumors that the NYPD had been called to campus, calling them "false."

Some context: Columbia announced late Tuesday that it had given protesters a midnight deadline to agree to dismantle their encampment. But the university then said early Wednesday that it had extended the talks for another 48 hours . If no agreement is reached, the school has said it will consider "alternative options," which many protesters have interpreted to mean calling in police to clear the site.

Protests continue at campuses across the US as more arrests are announced. Here’s the latest

A wave of pro-Palestinian campus protests is rippling across the US, with hundreds of people arrested at universities throughout the country this week.

At New York's Columbia University, the epicenter of the demonstrations, protesting students said they won’t disperse until the school agrees to cut ties with Israeli academic institutions and disinvest its funds from entities connected to Israel, among other demands. Protesters at other campuses have similar demands .

The campus encampments spreading across the nation have brought together students from a variety of backgrounds — including Palestinians, Arabs, Jews and Muslims — to decry Israel's bombardment of Gaza .

Here are the latest developments:

Columbia University : The faculty senate is expected to vote on a resolution admonishing the school’s president, Minouche Shafik, on Friday over several of her decisions, according to The New York Times. Shafik has faced criticism for authorizing police to shut down student protests on campus.

Brown University: The university identified about 130 students who it alleges violated a school conduct code that forbids encampments on campus. Students found responsible will be disciplined depending on their behavior and other factors, including any prior conduct violations, the university said.

Emory University : 28 people were arrested , including 20 Emory community members, during a protest at the school, Vice President for Public Safety Cheryl Elliott said. Troopers deployed pepper balls “to control the unruly crowd” during the protest, Georgie State Patrol said. A group of Democratic Georgia state lawmakers condemned the “ excessive force used by Georgia State Patrol” during arrests at Emory.

Emerson College: More than 100 people were arrested and four police officers injured during an encampment clearing at the Boston liberal arts college, according to the Boston Police Department. President Jay Bernhardt said he recognized and respected "the civic activism and passion that sparked the protest" after dozens of arrests.

Indiana University : At least 33 people were detained on campus Thursday following encampment protests.

George Washington University : DC Metropolitan Police were asked to assist in relocating an “unauthorized protest encampment” on campus, university president Ellen M. Granberg said. The decision came "after multiple instructions made by GWPD to relocate to an alternative demonstration site on campus went unheeded by encampment participants," she said.

University of Southern California : The university canceled its main commencement ceremony next month, citing "new safety measures in place.” Nearly 100 people have been arrested on the campus.

University of California, Los Angeles : A "demonstration with encampments" formed at UCLA on Thursday.

Northeastern University: An encampment formed at Northeastern University in Boston, where dozens of protesters were seen forming a human chain around several tents.

Other campuses: Since last Thursday, several campuses have been protest sites, including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , University of Texas at Austin, University of Michigan, University of New Mexico , University of California, Berkeley, Yale University , and Harvard University.

Protesters at the University of Texas at Austin asked to disperse at 10 p.m.

Protesters at the University of Texas at Austin were asked to leave the campus's South Mall at 10 p.m. local time, university spokesperson Brian Davis told CNN.

No arrests have been made as of 10 p.m., Davis said.

"There is no curfew on campus. Leadership asked that students clear the South Mall at 10 p.m."

Just last night, more than 30 demonstrators were arrested after UT Austin police issued a dispersal at the school.

Protesters at Ohio State University arrested after refusing to disperse, university says

From CNN’s Joe Sutton and Jamiel Lynch

Protestors wave Palestinian flags and call for Ohio State University to divest investment in businesses linked to Israel at a demonstration outside the Ohio Union on April 25.

Demonstrators at Ohio State University were arrested on Thursday night after refusing to disperse, according to university spokesperson Benjamin Johnson.

Johnson did not know how many arrests were made.

“Well established university rules prohibit camping and overnight events. Demonstrators exercised their first amendment rights for several hours and were then instructed to disperse. Individuals who refused to leave after multiple warnings were arrested and charged with criminal trespass,” he said.

Columbia University senate is redrafting resolution to admonish school's president, New York Times reports

From CNN's Rob Frehse

Columbia University’s faculty senate is expected to vote Friday on a resolution admonishing embattled school president Minouche Shafik over several of her recent decisions, including calling in police to clear a student encampment last week, the New York Times reports .

The resolution would allow the school senate to avoid a censure vote during a critical time for the school, the Times reports, citing several unnamed senators who attended a closed-door meeting Wednesday. Some feared a censure vote would be perceived as giving in to Republican lawmakers, according to the paper.

A Columbia University spokesperson confirmed Shafik’s closed-door meeting with the senate on Wednesday but would not comment on the resolution to CNN.

“The President met with the Senate plenary in a closed-door session for close to an hour, giving remarks and taking questions. She reiterated the shared goal of restoring calm to campus so everyone can pursue their educational activities.”

Some context: Shafik has faced immense criticism from some students, faculty and Democratic lawmakers for her decision to authorize police to break up pro-Palestinian student protests last week— a move that resulted in more than 100 arrests .

Other students, Jewish advocacy groups and Republican lawmakers are slamming Shafik for not cracking down on protests — which they say have included antisemitic rhetoric — both on campus and outside its gates.

Several Republicans, including House Speaker Mike Johnson, have called for Shafik to resign.

CNN’s Maria Sole Campinoti contributed to this report.

What to know about the protests erupting on college campuses across the US

From CNN's Jordan Valinsky

Colleges across the country have erupted with pro-Palestinian protests, and school administrators are trying — and largely failing — to defuse the situation.

Several schools have called the police on protesters, leading to the arrests of hundreds across US campuses.

The recent surge in protests have inflamed tensions among students, forcing leadership to decide when free speech on campus crosses a line. The atmosphere was so charged that officials at Columbia – the epicenter of the protests that began last week – announced students can attend classes virtually starting Monday.

Passover, a major Jewish holiday, began this week, heightening fears among a number of Jewish students who have reported hearing antisemitic comments at some of the protests. The anxiety comes as reports of antisemitic acts have surged across America since October 7.

When did the protests start?

The situation escalated last week at Columbia University, where encampments were organized by Columbia University Apartheid Divest , a student-led coalition of more than 100 organizations, including Students for Justice in Palestine and Jewish Voice for Peace, to protest what they describe as the university’s “continued financial investment in corporations that profit from Israeli apartheid, genocide, and military occupation of Palestine,” according to its news release.

What are they asking for?

Columbia protesters say they won’t disperse until the school commits to a “complete divestment” of its funds from entities connected to Israel.

Other protesters are similarly calling on their campuses to divest from companies that sell weapons, construction equipment, technology services and other items to Israel.

Where else are protests happening?

Since last Thursday, a slew of campuses have had protests and encampments, as well as arrests. That includes the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , University of Texas at Austin, University of Michigan, University of New Mexico and University of California, Berkeley.

Police arrested nearly 100 protesters at the University of Southern California Wednesday after a dispersal order.

At Emerson College, more than 100 people were arrested Wednesday during a pro-Palestinian protest, according to the Boston Police Department.

Yale University police arrested at least 45 protesters Monday on suspicion of criminal trespassing, though dozens remained Tuesday.

Harvard University officials suspended a pro-Palestinian student organization for allegedly violating school policies.

Brown University says about 130 students violated school policy banning encampments

From CNN’s Isabel Rosales and Devon Sayers

Brown University has identified about 130 students who it alleges violated a school conduct code that forbids encampments on campus, a university spokesperson said.

The university's Office of Student Conduct and Community Standards has notified the students, who were identified through ID checks, spokesperson Brian Clark said in a release.

An encampment of about 90 people had formed on the school's Providence, Rhode Island campus Wednesday morning, according to Brown.

"Encampment on Brown University’s historic and residential greens is a violation of University policy, and participants in the encampment have been verbally informed of this fact and that they will face conduct proceedings,” the school's release said.

Students found responsible will be disciplined depending on their behavior and other factors, including any prior conduct violations, the university said, noting students could face probation or separation from the school.

“The University continues to ask individuals in or in immediate proximity to the encampment to present their Brown IDs for two reasons: to verify association with Brown for safety and security reasons, and to appropriately address potential violations of policy."

Protesters at Emory University briefly clash with police

From CNN's Elizabeth Wolfe

A confrontation between Emory University protesters and police resulted in officers being pressed up against a building on campus.

Protesters briefly clashed with police at Emory University in Georgia on Thursday, the university told CNN.

A confrontation between protesters and police outside the school's Candler School of Theology prompted an "increased law enforcement presence" on campus, according to the university.

"A group of about 100 people left the Quad and marched to the Candler School of Theology, where some protesters pinned police officers against building doors and attempted to access the building," the university said.

"The crowd ultimately returned to the Quad before dispersing."

Video from CNN affiliate WSB shows some protesters using large posters to push into a line of police officers whose backs are against the doors of the building. As officers push back against the posters, one demonstrator chucks their sign at the row of officers.

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ASU grad, a former zoo employee, explores how humans connect with animals

A woman in a red jacket smiling in front of a river.

Cassandra Lyon

Editor’s note: This story is part of a series of profiles of notable spring 2024 graduates . W

While some people perceive science to be all facts and numbers, that is hardly true for Cassandra Lyon, a recent PhD graduate from ASU's biology and society program, whose care shines through her work.

In her dissertation, Lyon investigated how zoos navigate anthropomorphism, or the act of assigning human attributes to non-human things.

“Anthropomorphism is just part of the way we interact with the world, particularly other animals,” Lyon says.

But many animal behavior researchers have denounced anthropomorphism, saying that it prevents humans from truly understanding other creatures. Lyon came away from her dissertation with a more nuanced view: though anthropomorphism should not be unconditionally promoted, it can be a useful tool in helping zoo visitors connect with animals and get invested in their wellbeing, and ultimately, their conservation.

“I’ve always admired the creativity of Cassi’s research, and the nuance she brings to the question of how we should see and understand zoo animals,” says her PhD advisor, Ben Minteer, “Her work makes us think more carefully about their worlds, especially the often shaky assumptions we carry with us through the zoo turnstiles. And because Cassi cares so deeply about improving animal lives, both in zoos and beyond, I’m a little more hopeful for their future.”

Lyon also cares about other people just as deeply as she cares for animals, something that’s driven her to spend much of her PhD doing community service. In her last year, Lyon served as vice president of the e-board for the School of Life Sciences.

Over the years, she’s also led graduate student recruitment, coordinated student events and designed educational material for Jane Goodall's Roots and Shoots program.

In her spare time, she would up at 5 a.m. every Saturday to volunteer with Robinson Ranch , a horse therapy service, and she also works as a crisis counselor providing anonymous support over the phone for people in mental health crises.

Before pursuing a PhD, Lyon worked at Disney's Animal Kingdom, an experience that pushed her to ask deeper questions about how humans connect with animals in her PhD. Now, she hopes to return to working with zoos in someway, where she can keep working to connect people to animals, and inspiring others to care.

Question: What was your favorite spot on campus, whether for studying, meeting friends or just thinking about life?

Answer: When the weather is good, it’s the outside tables at Hayden. When it’s a lot hotter, I like my office –– it’s fun in there.

Q: What’s the best piece of advice you’d give to those still in school?

A: There’s lots of times that I felt I needed to put myself or my work in a box, or fit in certain “scientific parameters,” to make myself and my work seem valid in our department. Looking back, I wish I had just leaned into it more ... rather than trying to make my work seem palatable to scientists. So, I just think, to anyone, whether they’re doing bench lab work or not, maybe they have other things they’re interested in, like science communication or social impacts research — explore that. Your PhD is really whatever you want; your dissertation is truly just defined by you and the people in your committee.

Q: Which professor taught you the most important lesson while at ASU?

A: I came to ASU to work with Ben (Minteer), because he does interesting work that no one else does, and looks at really complex things and embraces them, which is super cool. I never regretted that decision. He’s the main reason that my advice is to lean in and try new stuff, because he was so willing to do that ... I’m really grateful to him because he showed me you can do different things and still fit in and still be valued by your community.

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Editor’s note: This story is part of a series of profiles of notable spring 2024 graduates. You can take a guy out of the South, but can you get rid of his accent? And does it matter? These…

Art history graduate student: ‘Here at ASU, I learned just how capable I am’

Editor’s note: This story is part of a series of profiles of notable spring 2024 graduates. Sarah “Gigi” Brazeal never thought she would get a college degree from a four-year university. “Higher…

Journalism grad merges photojournalism with sustainability, design

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Students at a degree ceremony at Harvard University in Massachusetts.

Chinese students in US tell of ‘chilling’ interrogations and deportations

As tensions with China rise, scientists at America’s leading universities complain of stalled research after crackdown at airports

Stopped at the border, interrogated on national security grounds, laptops and mobile phones checked, held for several hours, plans for future research shattered.

Many western scholars are nervous about travelling to China in the current political climate. But lately it is Chinese researchers working at US universities who are increasingly reporting interrogations – and in several cases deportations – at US airports, despite holding valid work or study visas for scientific research.

Earlier this month the Chinese embassy in Washington said more than 70 students “with legal and valid materials” had been deported from the US since July 2021, with more than 10 cases since November 2023. The embassy said it had complained to the US authorities about each case.

The exact number of incidents is difficult to verify, as the US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agency does not provide detailed statistics about refusals at airports. A spokesperson said that “all international travellers attempting to enter the United States, including all US citizens, are subject to examination”.

But testimonies have circulated on Chinese social media, and academics are becoming increasingly outspoken about what they say is the unfair treatment of their colleagues and students.

“The impact is huge,” says Qin Yan, a professor of pathology at Yale School of Medicine in Connecticut, who says that he is aware of more than a dozen Chinese students from Yale and other universities who have been rejected by the US in recent months, despite holding valid visas. Experiments have stalled, and there is a “chilling effect” for the next generation of Chinese scientists.

The number of people affected is a tiny fraction of the total number of Chinese students in the US. The State Department issued nearly 300,000 visas to Chinese students in the year to September 2023. But the personal accounts speak to a broader concern that people-to-people exchanges between the world’s two biggest economies and scientific leaders are straining.

The refusals appear to be linked to a 2020 US rule that barred Chinese postgraduate students with links to China’s “military-civil fusion strategy”, which aims to leverage civilian infrastructure to support military development. The Australian Strategic Policy Institute thinktank estimates that 95 civilian universities in China have links to the defence sector.

Nearly 2,000 visas applications were rejected on that basis in 2021 . But now people who pass the security checks necessary to be granted a visa by the State Department are being turned away at the border by CBP, a different branch of government.

“It is very hard for a CBP officer to really evaluate the risk of espionage,” said Dan Berger, an immigration lawyer in Massachusetts, who represents a graduate student at Yale who, midway through her PhD, was sent back from Washington’s Dulles airport in December, and banned from re-entering the US for five years.

“It is sudden,” Berger said. “She has an apartment in the US. Thankfully, she doesn’t have a cat. But there are experiments that were in progress.”

Academics say that scrutiny has widened to different fields – particularly medical sciences – with the reasons for the refusals not made clear.

X Edward Guo, a professor of biomedical engineering at Columbia University, said that part of the problem is that, unlike in the US, military research does sometimes take place on university campuses. “It’s not black and white … there are medical universities that also do military. But 99% of those professors are doing biomedical research and have nothing to do with the military.”

But “if you want to come to the US to study AI, forget it,” Guo said.

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One scientist who studies the use of artificial intelligence to model the impact of vaccines said he was rejected at Boston Logan International airport. He was arriving to take up a place at Harvard Medical School as a postdoctoral researcher. “I never thought I would be humiliated like this,” he wrote on the Xiaohongshu app, where he recounted being quizzed about his masters’ studies in China and asked if he could guarantee that his teachers in China had not passed on any of his research to the military.

He did not respond to an interview request from the Observer . Harvard Medical School declined to confirm or comment on the specifics of individual cases, but said that “decisions regarding entry into the United States are under the purview of the federal government and outside of the school’s and the university’s jurisdiction.”

The increased scrutiny comes as Beijing and Washington are struggling to come to an agreement about the US-China Science and Technology Agreement , a landmark treaty signed in 1979 that governs scientific cooperation between the two countries. Normally renewed every five years, since August it has been sputtering through six-month extensions.

But following years of scrutiny from the Department of Justice investigation into funding links to China, and a rise in anti-Asian sentiment during the pandemic, ethnically Chinese scientists say the atmosphere is becoming increasingly hostile.

“Before 2016, I felt like I’m just an American,” said Guo, who became a naturalised US citizen in the late 1990s. “This is really the first time I’ve thought, OK, you’re an American but you’re not exactly an American.”

Additional research by Chi Hui Lin

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COMMENTS

PhD After BTech or BE
Pursuing a direct PhD after B.Tech means embarking on a clear educational, research, or professional goal. Doctoral degrees help aspirants venture into advanced research and study after their foundational B.Tech or B.E. courses. Applications are possible via an integrated PhD after B. Tech or a combined program. Here is a guide covering the ...
How to Apply for PhD After Bachelors
7. Interview - Most of the universities for PhD in the USA offering direct PhD hold a separate interview round for the aspirants. As in most cases, the Ph.D. interviews are conducted by invitation only. The questions are general as well as specific to the subject the candidate wants to pursue.
PhD after BTech
PhD after BTech: Routes of Applying. Individuals looking to pursue a PhD after Btech can either follow the traditional application process or opt for direct faculty recommendations. While the former has been discussed below, the latter involves reaching to faculty members of a university department directly.
PhD after B.Tech or B.E.
Benefits of Pursuing a PhD after B.Tech or B.E. There are many benefits to pursuing a PhD after B.Tech or B.E., including: Career advancement: A PhD degree can open up many opportunities for career advancement in academia, industry, and government. A PhD holder is typically qualified to teach at the college level, conduct research, and lead ...
How Long Does It Take To Get a PhD?
A PhD program typically takes four to seven years, but a variety of factors can impact that timeline. A PhD, or doctorate degree, is the highest degree you can earn in certain disciplines, such as psychology, engineering, education, and mathematics. As a result, it often takes longer to earn than it does for a bachelor's or master's degree.
Direct PhD After BTech: Is it Possible?
Routes of Applying for PhD After BTech. If you are looking to get PhD courses after BTech, you will have two options: to apply directly for admission or via a recommendation by academic faculties. Although the former process is being discussed in this section, the latter involves reaching out to your faculty members of the university department ...
Ph. D
The financial assistance for the Ph.D. program under MoE (Ministry of Education) and all other funding categories except PMRF and External category across all departments is 5 years. All the departments at IITH offer PhD program. The eligibility criteria for PhD admission in the engineering departments is a Masters degree. If you think you are ...
What Does 'PhD' Stand For?
A PhD is a terminal academic degree students typically pursue when they're interested in an academic or research career. A PhD is the highest possible academic degree a student can obtain. PhD stands for "Doctor of Philosophy," which refers to the immense knowledge a student gains when earning the degree. While you can actually get a PhD in ...
PhD Programs
The PhD program in Health Policy (Management) prepares students to effect powerful change rooted in data-driven research on the managerial, operational, and strategic issues facing a wide range of organizations. Coursework includes the study of microeconomics theory, management, research methods, and statistics.
PhD after B.Tech
Ph.D. after B.Tech: How to Apply. For directly joining Ph.D. after B.Tech, you have to follow the below mentioned steps: First you have to crack the GATE examination. Your B.Tech CGPA must be at least 8.0 out of 10. You must have a good "SOP" (Study of Purpose) and a good "SOR" (Statement of Research).
Master's vs PhD
The two most common types of graduate degrees are master's and doctoral degrees: A master's is a 1-2 year degree that can prepare you for a multitude of careers. A PhD, or doctoral degree, takes 3-7 years to complete (depending on the country) and prepares you for a career in academic research. A master's is also the necessary first ...
What To Do After You Get Your PhD: A Complete Guide
Once you study and complete a Ph.D., you have expert knowledge in a focused portion of the field. As an expert, you can begin writing publications concerning the industry as an authority in the field. With a Ph.D. credential, it may become easier to gain a following based on your work as a writer. Depending on your industry, publication may be ...
How to Know When It's Time to Quit Your Ph.D. Program
Oct. 27, 2022, at 3:35 p.m. When to Quit Your Ph.D. Program. More. Getty Images. Alumni of Ph.D. programs say one valid reason to exit a Ph.D. program is if having a Ph.D. is not necessary for you ...
Is it Possible to Get My PhD After My MBA?
What is the difference between a PhD and DBA? To answer the budding question: yes, you can pursue your PhD after earning your MBA, and choosing to earn a doctorate is entirely up to you and your aspirations. To help you better understand if getting a PhD is the right choice, we look at the path an MBA graduate can take to earn their PhD, one of ...
PhD Careers
After finishing a PhD there are two different routes that can be taken to achieve a permanent position: The first route focuses more on teaching. After completing a PhD, graduates might take up part-time teaching roles. The experience gained will make them more competitive candidates to apply for research or teaching fellowships and permanent ...
What to Do After PhD?
Cons of Pursuing Postdoc. Despite the impressive benefits, considering the flip side of pursuing a postdoc position is imperative before taking the big decision. 1. No Tenure-track Guarantee. The uncertain career prospects in academia does not guarantee a tenure-track position even after completing your postdoc.
How to use the PhD title and all the little doctorate "rules"
When writing a name with a PhD after it, the correct way to do so is to use "PhD" or "Ph.D. or Ph.D". Depending on the preference of the individual, either form can be used. However, if the individual has a business card that states their degree in full, then the more formal "Doctor of Philosophy" should be used.
Can we do a PhD after BTech?
Monday, 12 December 2022. There has been a lot of confusion and doubts regarding whether it is possible to pursue a PhD after BTech. The answer is "Yes". You have the option to study a Doctoral degree after completing your BTech. A Master's degree abroad generally tends to be expensive, which is why several students hesitate to pursue the ...
Life After a PhD: What Can You Do?
In fact, the opposite is true - in completing your PhD, you'll have built a set of skills and knowledge that are highly sought after by many employers. Your CV will show that you're self-motivated, able to work well both within a team and individually, keep to deadlines and can present complex ideas. Highly educated, skilled people are in ...
After a PhD
Gain valuable insight from our collection of exclusive interviews with both current and past PhD students. Learn from their best advice, personal challenges and career path after completing their doctorate. Learn about life after a PhD, from employability statistics to career prospects. Learn the skills you'll gain and how to apply these to a ...
After the PhD, What's Next?
This is often an overwhelming question for freshly minted doctorates. After so many years of tedious laboratory work, your next step seems more crucial than ever. It could determine the direction in which your career heads! Frankly, fresh doctorates in Singapore today have many more choices than ever before. During my own time--I got my PhD a ...
What Next After PhD? Decoding Your Life After a PhD
It is inevitable that your PhD will leave you with an array of skills that are transferable across different sectors. These could be technical skills that are domain-specific and, more importantly, broad skills such as project management, data analysis, and effective communication. Often, it takes a while after a PhD for students to acknowledge ...
UGC introduces direct PhD entry for four-year degree holders via NET
News News: Students with four-year degrees can now sit for NET and pursue a PhD. June 16 offline exam, subject flexibility, and eligibility relaxation. Applicati
Students with 4-year bachelor's degrees, 75% can directly pursue PhD
The candidates with four-year undergraduate degrees can now directly pursue PhD and appear for NET. Such candidates are allowed to appear (for tests) in a subject in which they want to pursue a PhD irrespective of the discipline in which they have obtained the four-year bachelor's degree
What title do you hold after you've defended but before you graduate?
As it is an honorific I think it is perfectly reasonable to bestow that honor to someone during a party to celebrate a doctoral defence. Similarly when seeing someone the first time after the defence using doctor is a nice why of honoring them. In some countries one can pass the defence and still need to make substantial revisions.
April 25, 2024
Individuals who refused to leave after multiple warnings were arrested and charged with criminal trespass," he said. 11:23 p.m. ET, April 25, 2024 Columbia University senate is redrafting ...
ASU grad, a former zoo employee, explores how humans connect with
Editor's note: This story is part of a series of profiles of notable spring 2024 graduates. W. While some people perceive science to be all facts and numbers, that is hardly true for Cassandra Lyon, a recent PhD graduate from ASU's biology and society program, whose care shines through her work. In her dissertation, Lyon investigated how zoos navigate anthropomorphism, or the act of ...
Chinese students in US tell of 'chilling' interrogations and
after newsletter promotion One scientist who studies the use of artificial intelligence to model the impact of vaccines said he was rejected at Boston Logan International airport.
Firehouse Subs agencies now include Orchard, PHD and others
Firehouse Subs has opted for a multi-agency approach after parting ways with TRG in March.. Orchard is the brand's new lead creative agency and PHD will handle media. Quality Meats will work on ...