Visual Analysis Essay

Barbara P

Visual Analysis Essay - A Writing Guide with Format & Sample

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Visual Analysis Essay

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A visual analysis essay is a common assignment for the students of history, art, and communications. It is quite a unique type of academic essay. 

Visual analysis essays are where images meet text. These essays aim to analyze the meanings embedded in the artworks, explaining visual concepts in a written form. 

It may sound difficult to write a visual analysis essay, but it can be done in simple steps by following the right approach. Let’s dive into the writing steps, tips, example essays, and potential topics to help you write an excellent essay. 

Arrow Down

  • 1. What is a Visual Analysis Essay
  • 2. How to Write a Visual Analysis Essay - 7 Simple Steps
  • 3. Tips on How to Analyze a Photograph
  • 4. Tips on How to Analyze a Sculpture
  • 5. Visual Analysis Essay on Advertisement
  • 6. Visual Rhetorical Analysis Essay Examples
  • 7. Visual Analysis Essay Topics

What is a Visual Analysis Essay

A visual analysis essay basically requires you to provide a detailed description of a specific visual work of art. It is a type of analytical essay that deals with imagery and visual art instead of texts.

The subject of a visual analysis essay could be an image, painting, photograph, or any visual medium. 

In this type of essay, you need to describe the artwork and analyze its elements in detail. That is, how different elements and features fit together to make the whole work stand out. In this sense, you need to use a mixture of descriptive writing and analytical language. 

To write a good visual analysis essay, you need to know the basic visual elements and principles of design. Let’s learn about these concepts first before diving into the writing steps.

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Visual Elements for a Visual Analysis Essay

Writing a visual analysis essay involves analyzing the visual elements of a piece of art. These elements form the basis of the features and characteristics of an image. 

Below you can find the common visual elements of a visual analysis essay.

Principles of Design in a Visual Analysis Essay

In addition to visual elements, you must also consider the principles of design for writing a great visual analysis essay. These principles help you identify and explain the characteristics of the image. 

How to Write a Visual Analysis Essay - 7 Simple Steps

Now that you have an idea about visual elements and principles, you are now ready to proceed. 

Here are the steps that you need to follow for writing a visual analysis essay. Let’s discuss them in detail.

Step 1 - Gather General Information About the Artwork

Once you have a specific artwork or image, here is how to start a visual analysis essay. You need to ask some basic questions about the work and jot down your ideas.

This pre-writing step is for brainstorming ideas. Ask these questions to begin:

  • Who and what does the artwork represent? 
  • Who is the author of the piece? 
  • Who did the artist create the work for? Who is the intended audience?
  • When and where was the work created? What is its historical context?
  • Where was this work displayed for the first time?
  • Identify which medium, materials, and techniques were used to create the image?

Step 2 - Note Down the Characteristics of the Artwork

The next thing that you need to do is identify what the image depicts. Moreover, you need to identify and describe the visual art elements and design principles used in the work. 

Here’s what you need to note:

  • The subject matter and its representation.
  • Colors, shapes, and lines used in the composition.
  • The balance, proportion, and harmony within the artwork.
  • Any symbolism or metaphors present.

By pointing out such characteristics, you set the stage for a nuanced analysis in your essay.

Step 3 - Visual Analysis Essay Outline 

Once you have gathered your main points by carefully studying the image, you should now organize them in an outline.

Here is how you make an outline for your visual analysis essay:

Step 4- Write the Introduction

This is the first paragraph of a visual analysis essay in which you need to provide some background information on the topic. After grabbing the readers’ attention with an interesting fact, briefly provide information on the following points. 

  • Talk briefly about the painting and its artist or creator.
  • Provide a brief description of the painting and give historical context
  • Add an interesting fact about the artist or the painting. 

The introduction should end with a thesis statement. The visual analysis essay thesis states the analysis points on the artwork that you aim to discuss in your essay. 

Step 5 - Provide Detailed Description, Analysis, and Interpretation

In the body section, you need to explore the artwork in detail. In the first body paragraph, simply describe the features and characteristics of the work. For instance, talk about the technique being used, shape, color, and other aspects to support your thesis. 

In the next paragraphs, you can go into the analysis and interpretation of these elements and the work as a whole. Present all the details logically and discuss the relationship between the objects. Talk about the meaning, significance, and impact of the work.

Step 6 - Writing a Conclusion

Once you have completed the body section, move to the conclusion paragraph. This is the last paragraph of the essay that should be strong and well-written to create a sense of closure.

Here’s how you can do it

  • Revisit the main insights gained through the analysis, summarizing the key visual elements and principles discussed. 
  • Emphasize the significance of cultural or historical context in interpreting the visual narrative. 
  • Tie together the threads of your analysis to reinforce your thesis or main argument.
  • End with a memorable statement and encourage readers to carry the lessons learned from the analysis into their own encounters with art. 

Step 7 - Edit & Revise Your Essay

Here’s how to end your visual analysis essay: edit and revise your first draft until it becomes the perfect version. Consider these steps for an excellent revision:

  • Review for Clarity: Ensure your ideas flow logically. Clarify any ambiguous or unclear statements to enhance the overall readability of your essay.
  • Trim Unnecessary Details: Trim excess information that doesn't directly contribute to your main points. Keep your analysis focused and concise.
  • Check Consistency: Verify that your writing style remains consistent throughout the essay. Maintain a balance between formal language and engaging expression.
  • Fine-Tune Transitions: Ensure smooth transitions between different sections of your essay. Transitions help guide your reader through the analysis, making the journey more enjoyable and comprehensible.
  • Proofread for Errors: Carefully proofread your essay for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. A polished essay enhances your credibility and the overall professionalism of your work.

With these basic steps, you can craft an amazing visual analysis essay. Read on for some useful tips for analyzing different kinds of visual subjects.

Tips on How to Analyze a Photograph

Painting and photograph analysis are very similar. There are three ways in which photo visual analysis is conducted: description, reflection, and formal analysis.

Although the historical study may be used, it is not necessary.

  • Description -  It implies examining the picture carefully and considering all of the details. The description should be neutral, focusing on simple facts without expressing a personal viewpoint.
  • Reflection -  For the next stage, consider the emotions that the picture stirs in you. Every viewer will have a distinct viewpoint and feelings about the piece. Knowing some historical background might be useful when formulating an educated response.
  • Formal analysis -  Consider the visual components and concepts. How are they shown in the photo?
  • Historical analysis -  For a contextual analysis, keep an eye on the photo's surroundings. Make sure you comprehend the surrounding environment in which the photograph was taken. What era was this image shot during?

Tips on How to Analyze a Sculpture

A sculpture, unlike a painting or photograph, requires a different approach to visual analysis. It still depends on visible components and principles, however it does so in a slightly different way.

When you're writing about sculptures, keep the following in mind:

  • Medium, size, and technique -  What kind of material is it? Is it carved in a negative or positive method?
  • Color and lightning -  Describe the hue of the sculpture, whether it is painted. Was the sculptor concerned with the illumination when creating the work?
  • Human body and scale -  Consider how a human body is portrayed in the piece. Also, assess the sculpture's size compared to that of the viewer.
  • Function -  What was the sculpture's main aim? You could speak about whether it represented a religious conviction or honored someone, for example.
  • Composition -  Examine the placement of the piece and determine whether there is a focal point.

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Visual Analysis Essay on Advertisement

In advertisements, visuals are used to pique interest or persuade the public that what is being advertised is needed. The goal of a visual argument is to generate attention and intrigue. Images are utilized in advertisements to transmit information and interact with the audience.

When conducting a visual analysis of an ad, keep the following in mind:

  • Textual Elements
  • Illustrations
  • Composition

This all has an impact on how people perceive information and how they react to it.

When you analyze the visuals of an ad, you're performing a rhetorical analysis. The study of images and extracting information from them is known as visual rhetoric. It aids in the comprehension of typography, imagery, and the structure of elements on the page.

How to Write a Visual Analysis Paper on an Advertisement

Visual components in advertising are important. It aids in the persuasion of the audience.

Always keep the rhetorical situation in mind while analyzing visual arguments. The following are some key elements to consider:

  • Audience -  Who is the advertisement meant to attract?
  • Purpose -  What message does the photo try to get across to the audience?
  • Design -  What kind of visualizations are included? Are the visuals clear and easy to follow? Are there any patterns or repetitions in the design?
  • Strategies -  Is there any humor, celebrities, or cultural allusions in the graphic's message?
  • Medium -  Is the photograph surrounded by text? Is there any text within the picture? How does it interact with the picture to produce an intended effect if there is any?
  • Context -  What are the characters in an ad? Where are they positioned?
  • Subtext -  Consider the meaning of the picture's words. What are they trying to say?

Visual Rhetorical Analysis Essay Examples

Here are some visual analysis essay samples that you can read to understand this type of essay better. 

Art history Visual Analysis Essay Example

Political Cartoon Visual Analysis Essay

Rhetorical and Visual Analysis Essay Sample

Mona Lisa Visual Analysis Essay

Visual Analysis Essay Topics

Here are some top visual analysis essay topics that you can choose from and begin the writing process.

  • Make a review of your favorite Hollywood production and discuss the visual arts involved.
  • Write about the use of color and action in TV commercials.
  • Discuss how the brand name is displayed in digital media campaigns.
  • Discuss different types of visual appeals used in web ads.
  • What is the special about Cleo Award-winning ads?
  • The Use of Light and Shadow in Caravaggio's "The Calling of Saint Matthew"
  • The Symbolism of Colors in Vincent van Gogh's "Starry Night"
  • What is the importance of art and culture in our life?
  • How has art changed over the last 50 years?
  • The use of colors in marketing and advertising. 

To conclude, 

From gathering information about the artwork to crafting a compelling analysis, we've navigated the essential steps you need for a visual analysis essay. Moreover, with the specific tips and examples, you have everything you need to get started.

So dive into the writing process with confidence and return to this blog whenever you need help on any step!

However, if you have gone through the whole article and are still unsure how to start your essay, we can help you.

Our professional essay writers at MyPerfectWords.com can help you with your visual analysis essay assignment. Contact us with your order details, and we will get it done for you. 

We provide the best essay writing service that you can trust for better grades. Place your order now and get the best visual analysis essay writing help. 

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Barbara P

Dr. Barbara is a highly experienced writer and author who holds a Ph.D. degree in public health from an Ivy League school. She has worked in the medical field for many years, conducting extensive research on various health topics. Her writing has been featured in several top-tier publications.

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How to Write a Visual Analysis Essay: Examples & Template

A visual analysis essay is an academic paper type that history and art students often deal with. It consists of a detailed description of an image or object. It can also include an interpretation or an argument that is supported by visual evidence.

Our specialists will write a custom essay specially for you!

The picture shows the definition of a visual analysis.

In this article, our custom writing experts will:

  • explain what a visual analysis is;
  • share useful tips on how to write a good visual analysis essay;
  • provide an essay sample.
  • 🎨 Visual Analysis Definition
  • 🏺 Artwork Analysis Tips
  • ✅ Visual Analysis Writing Guide
  • 📑 Example & Citation Tips

🎨 What Is a Visual Analysis?

The primary objective of visual analysis is to understand an artwork better by examining the visual elements. There are two types of visual analysis: formal and contextual.

  • A formal analysis focuses on artwork elements such as texture, color, size, and line. It aims to organize visual information and translate it into words. A formal analysis doesn’t interpret the piece.
  • Unlike formal analysis, contextual analysis’ primary goal is to connect artwork to its purpose or meaning within a culture. A contextual analysis includes formal analysis. Additionally, it discusses an artwork’s social purpose and significance.

Usually, students deal with formal visual analysis. Before starting to work on your essay, make sure to ask your professor whether to include contextual analysis or not.

The Purpose of Analyzing Images

Why is visual analysis important? What does it help to learn? There are several things that visual analysis helps with:

  • It allows students to enhance their appreciation of art.
  • It enables students to develop the ability to synthesize information.
  • It encourages students to seek out answers instead of simply receiving them.
  • It prompts higher-order critical thinking and helps to create a well-reasoned analysis.
  • By conducting visual analysis, students learn how to support and explain their ideas by studying visual information.

What Is Formal Analysis: Art History

When we look at an artwork, we want to know why it was created, who made it, and what its function was. That’s why art historians and researchers pay special attention to the role of artworks within historical contexts.

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Visual analysis is a helpful tool in exploring art. It focuses on the following aspects:

  • Interpretation of subject matter ( iconography). An iconographic analysis is an explanation of the work’s meaning. Art historians try to understand what is shown and why it is depicted in a certain way.
  • The analysis of function. Many works of art were designed to serve a purpose that goes beyond aesthetics. Understanding that purpose by studying their historical use helps learn more about artworks. It also establishes a connection between function and appearance.

Formal Analysis: Art Glossary

Now, let’s look at some visual elements and principles and learn how to define them.

Visual Elements :

Visual Principles :

🏺 How to Analyze Artworks: Different Types

Writing a formal analysis is a skill that requires practice. Being careful and attentive during the pre-writing stage is essential if you want to create a good and well-structured visual analysis. 

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Visual analysis essay mainly consists of two components:

  • Description of the selected image or object,
  • Interpretation built on the visual evidence.

During the pre-writing stage:

  • Collect general information about an artwork. Describe it briefly. Pay special attention to visual elements and principles:
  • Develop an interpretation. Think critically. What does the information in your notes imply? How can it be interpreted?
  • Support your ideas. To do it, refer to the visual elements directly. Avoid generalizing art and double-check your prompts. 

How to Analyze a Painting Using the Elements of Art

To write an excellent formal visual analysis, you need to consider as many visual principles and elements as you can apply. In the formal analysis part:

  • Target your description;
  • Address only those elements relevant to your essay;
  • Pay attention to visual elements and principles;
  • Introduce the subject of the painting and describe it;
  • Explain why you have decided to discuss specific elements;
  • Discuss the relationship between visual elements of the artwork;
  • Use the vocabulary terms.

If you are asked to do a contextual analysis , you may want to:

  • Focus on the historical importance of an artwork;
  • Explore the style or movement associated with an artwork;
  • Learn about the historical context and the public’s reaction to the artwork;
  • Learn about the author and how they’ve created the piece of art.

Painting Analysis Essay Example & Tips

Here is a template you can use for your essay.

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Now, let’s take a look at an essay example.

How to Analyze a Photograph

Analyzing photos has a lot in common with paintings. There are three methods on which photo visual analysis relies: description, reflection, and formal analysis. Historical analysis can be included as well, though it is optional.

  • Description . It implies looking closely at the photo and considering all the details. The description needs to be objective and consists of basic statements that don’t express an opinion.
  • Reflection. For the next step, focus on the emotions that the photograph evokes. Here, every viewer will have a different opinion and feelings about the artwork. Knowing some historical context may be helpful to construct a thoughtful response.
  • Formal analysis . Think of the visual elements and principles. How are they represented in the photograph?
  • Historical analysis. For a contextual analysis, you need to pay attention to the external elements of the photograph. Make sure that you understand the environmental context in which the photo was taken. Under what historical circumstances was the picture made?

Photo Analysis Essay Tips

Now that we’ve talked about analyzing a photograph let’s look at some helpful tips that will help you write an essay.

How to Analyze a Sculpture

Visual analysis of a sculpture is slightly different from the one of a painting or a photograph. However, it still uses similar concepts, relies on visual elements and principles. When you write about sculpture, consider:

Visual Analysis Essay on a Sculpture: Writing Tips

A sculpture analysis consists of the following parts:

  • Description . Include specific details, such as what the sculpture may represent. For instance, the human figure may be an athlete, an ancient God, a poet, etc. Consider their pose, body build, and attire.
  • Formal analysis . Here, visual elements and principles become the focus. Discuss the color, shape, technique, and medium.
  • Contextual analysis . If you decide to include a contextual analysis, you can talk about the sculpture’s function and how it conveys   ideas and sentiments of that period. Mention its historical and cultural importance.

When it comes to sculpture analysis, you may also want to collect technical data such as:

  • The size of the sculpture
  • Medium (the material)
  • The current condition (is it damaged, preserved as a fragment, or as a whole piece)
  • Display (Was a sculpture a part of an architectural setting, or was it an independent piece of work?)

For instance, if you were to do a visual analysis of Laocoön and His Sons , you could first look up such details:

  • Location: Discovered in a Roman vineyard in 1506
  • Current location: Vatican
  • Date: Hellenistic Period (323 BCE – 31 CE)
  • Size: Height 208 cm; Width 163 cm; Depth 112 cm
  • Material: Marble
  • Current condition: Missing several parts.

Visual Analysis Essay: Advertisement Analysis

Visuals are used in advertisements to attract attention or convince the public that they need what is being advertised. The purpose of a visual argument is to create interest. Advertisements use images to convey information and communicate with the audience.

When writing a visual analysis of an advertisement, pay attention to the following:

  • text elements,
  • illustrations,
  • composition.

All of this influences how the viewer perceives the information and reacts to it.

When you write about an advertisement, you conduct a rhetorical analysis of its visual elements. Visual rhetoric is mainly directed at analyzing images and extracting information from them. It helps to understand the use of typography, imagery, and the arrangement of elements on the page.

Think of the famous visual rhetoric examples such as the We can do it! poster or a Chanel №5 commercial. Both examples demonstrate how persuasive imagery has been used throughout history.

How to Write a Visual Analysis Paper on an Advertisement

The presentation of visual elements in advertising is essential. It helps to convince the audience. When you analyze visual arguments, always keep the rhetorical situation in mind. Here are some crucial elements to focus on:

✅ How to Write a Visual Analysis Paper: Step by Step

Now, we’ll focus on the paper itself and how to structure it. But first, check out the list of topics and choose what suits you best.

Visual Analysis Essay Topics

There are a lot of artworks and advertisements that can be analyzed and viewed from different perspectives. Here are some essay topics on visual analysis that you may find helpful:

  • Analyze Gustav Klimt’s The Kiss (1907-1908.)
  • The theme of humanity and The Son of Man (1964) by René Magritte.
  • The use of visual elements in Almond Blossom by Vincent van Gogh (1888-1890.)
  • Identity and Seated Harlequin (1901) by Picasso .
  • Explore the themes of Paul Klee ’s The Tree of Houses , 1918.
  • Objectives, activities, and instructions of Pietro Perugino’s fresco The Delivery of the Keys to Saint Peter .
  • Reflection on social issues of the time in Two Fridas by Frida Kahlo and Untitled by Ramses Younan .
  • Analyze the importance of Mural (1943) by Jackson Pollock .
  • The political message in John Gast’s painting American Progress (1872).
  • Describe the visual techniques used in Toy Pieta by Scott Avett .
  • The interpretation of the painting Indian Fire God by Frederic Remington.
  • Explore the historical significance and aesthetic meaning of Ognissanti Madonna by Giotto di Bondone .
  • Analyze different interpretations of The Three Dancers by Pablo Picasso .

Photography:

  • The idea behind Lindsay Key (1985) by Robert Mapplethorpe.
  • Explore the mythical appeal of Robert Capa’s photograph The Falling Soldier (Spain,1936) from Death in Making photobook.
  • Describe Two Boys with Fish (2018) from Faith series by Mario Macilau.
  • Kevin Carter’s Starving Child and Vulture (1993) as the representation of photojournalism.
  • The story behind Philippe Halsman’s Dali Atomicus , 1948.
  • Describe The Starving Boy in Uganda photograph by Mike Wells
  • Analyse the view of a historic disaster in San Francisco photograph by George R. Lawrence.
  • The statement behind Eddie Adams’s photo Shooting a Viet Cong Prisoner .
  • How is Steve McCurry’s perception of the world reflected in his photo Afghanistan Girl .
  • Analyze the reflection of Ansel Adams’s environmental philosophy in his photo Moon and Half Dome (1960).
  • Describe Girl on the Garda Lake (2016) by Giuseppe Milo.
  • Combination of internal geometry and true-to-life moments in Behind the Gare Saint Lazare by Henri Cartier-Bresson .
  • Modern art and Couple on Seat by Lynn Chadwick (1984.)
  • Analyze the biblical context of Pieta (1498-1499) by Michelangelo.
  • The use of shapes in Louise Bourgeois ’ Spider (1996.)
  • Analysis of the symbolism behind The Thinker (1880) by Rodin.
  • The historical meaning of Fountain (1917) by Duchamp .
  • Analyze the Miniature Statue of Liberty by Willard Wigan
  • The combination of Egyptian culture and classical Greek ideology in statue of Osiris-Antinous .
  • Reflection of the civilization values in emperor Qin’s Terracotta Army .
  • The aesthetic and philosophical significance of Michelangelo’s David .
  • Explore the controversial meaning of Damien Hirst’s sculpture For the Love of God (2007).
  • Analyze the elements of art and design used in The Thinker by August Rodin .
  • Symbolic elements in the Ancient Greek statues of Zeus .
  • Depiction of the fundamental aspects of Buddhism in The Parinirvana of Siddhartha/Shakyamuni.

Advertisement:

  • How Volkswagen : Think Small (1960) ad changed advertising.
  • Analyze the use of figures in California Milk Processor Board: Got Milk? (1993) ad campaign .
  • Analyze the use of colors in Coca-Cola — The Pause that Refreshes (1931.)
  • Explore the historical context of We Can Do It! (1942) campaign.
  • The importance of a slogan in 1947: A Diamond Is Forever by De Beers.
  • Examine the specifics of visual advert: dogs and their humans.
  • Describe the use of visual techniques in Kentucky Fried Chicken company’s advertisement.
  • Analyze the multiple messages behind the print ad of JBL .
  • Discuss the methods used in Toyota Highlander advertisement .
  • Elucidation of people’s dependency on social networks in the advertising campaign Followers by Miller Lite.
  • The use of the visual arguments in Schlitz Brewing Company advertisement .
  • The role of colors and fonts in Viva la Juicy perfume advertisement .

Visual Analysis Essay Outline

You can use this art analysis template to structure your essay:

The picture shows the main steps in writing a visual analysis essay: introduction, main body, conclusion.

How to Start an Art Essay

Every analysis starts with an introduction. In the first paragraph, make sure that:

  • the reader knows that this essay is a visual analysis;
  • you have provided all the necessary background information about an artwork.

It’s also important to know how to introduce an artwork. If you’re dealing with a panting or a photograph, it’s better to integrate them into the first page of your analysis. This way, the reader can see the piece and use it as a reference while reading your paper.

Art Thesis Statement Examples & Tips

Formulating a thesis is an essential step in every essay. Depending on the purpose of your paper, you can either focus your visual analysis thesis statement on formal elements or connect it with the contextual meaning. 

To create a strong thesis, you should relate it to an artwork’s meaning, significance, or effect. Your interpretation should put out an argument that someone could potentially disagree with. 

  • For instance, you can consider how formal elements or principles impact the meaning of an artwork. Here are some options you can consider:
  • If your focus is the contextual analysis, you can find the connection between the artwork and the artist’s personal life or a historical event.

How to Write Visual Analysis Body Paragraphs

Body paragraphs of formal analysis consist of two parts—the description and the analysis itself. Let’s take Klimt’s The Kiss as an example:

The contextual analysis includes interpretation and evaluation.

Visual Analysis Essay Conclusion

When you work on the conclusion, try to conclude your paper without restating the thesis. At the end of your essay, you can present an interesting fact. You can also try to:

  • Compare an artwork to similar ones;
  • Contrast your own ideas on the piece with the reaction people had when it was first revealed.
  • Talk about an artwork’s significance to the culture and art in general.

📑 Visual Analysis Essay Example & Citation Tips

In this section of the article, we will share some tips on how to reference an artwork in a paper. We will also provide an essay example.

How to Reference a Painting in an Essay

When you work on visual analysis, it is important to know how to write the title of an artwork properly. Citing a painting, a photograph, or any other visual source, will require a little more information than citing a book or an article. Here is what you will need:

  • Size dimensions
  • Current location
  • Name of the piece
  • Artist’s name
  • Date when artwork was created

If you want to cite a painting or an artwork you saw online, you will also need:

  • The name of the website
  • Website URL
  • Page’s publication date
  • Date of your access

How to Properly Credit an Artwork in APA

How to properly credit an artwork in mla, how to properly credit an artwork in chicago format.

Finally, here’s a sample visual analysis of Rodin’s sculpture The Thinker in APA format. Feel free to download it below.

Many people believe that works of art are bound to be immortal. Indeed, some remarkable masterpieces have outlived their artists by many years, gaining more and more popularity with time. Among them is The Thinker, a brilliant sculpture made by Auguste Rodin, depicting a young, athletic man, immersed deep into his thoughts.

You can also look at the following essay samples to get even more ideas.

  • The Protestors Cartoon by Clay Bennett: Visual Analysis
  • Visual Analysis – Editorial Cartoon
  • Visual Analysis: “Dust Storm” Photo by Steve McCurry
  • Visual, Aural, Read & Write, Kinesthetic Analysis
  • Schlitz Brewing Company Advertisement: Visual Arguments Analysis

Thanks for reading through our article! We hope you found it helpful. Don’t hesitate to share it with your friends.

Further reading:

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  • How to Write a Term Paper: The Ultimate Guide and Tips

❓ Visual Analysis FAQs

To write a visual argument essay, you need to use rhetorical analysis. Visual rhetoric is directed at analyzing images and extracting the information they contain. It helps to analyze the visuals and the arrangement of elements on the page.

A well-though contextual analysis will include:

1. formal analysis, 2. some information about the artist, 3. details on when and where the piece was created, 4. the social purpose of the work, 5. its cultural meaning.

It is better to include pictures  in the introduction  part of your paper. Make sure to cite them correctly according to the format you’re using. Don’t forget to add the website name, the URL, and the access date.

To analyze means not only to describe but also to evaluate and synthesize visual information. To do that, you need to learn about visual elements and principles and see how and why they are used within artworks.

🔍 References

  • Art History: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  • Visual Analysis: Duke University
  • Writing a Formal Analysis in Art History: Hamilton College
  • Contextual Analysis: Pine-Richland School District
  • How to Analyze an Artwork: Student Art Guide
  • Introduction to Art Historical Analysis: Khan Academy
  • Guidelines for Analysis of Art: University of Arkansas at Little Rock
  • Elements of Art: Getty.edu
  • Formal or Critical Analysis: LibreTexts
  • Analyzing a Photograph: University of Oregon
  • Picture Composition Analysis and Photo Essay: University of Northern Iowa
  • Visual Analysis Guidelines: Skidmore College
  • How to Analyze Sculpture: NLA Design and Visual Arts: WordPress
  • Visual Rhetoric: Purdue University
  • Formal Visual Analysis: The Elements & Principles of Composition
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What is a Visual Analysis Essay? 

A visual analysis essay is a type of analytical writing that asks the reader to examine a work of art. This style of writing analyzes different aspects of art through the use of images. 

A common misconception about this type of essay is that it is just a text with pictures and captions. However, its unique form requires you to present your point with visual images. So, a reader can fully understand what you're trying to explain. 

These essays are creative and engaging, which allows you to analyze the visual elements of literature. It gives you an in-depth look at various aspects of art pieces such as paintings and sculptures. 

It is important to use descriptive words if you want your essay to be interesting and engaging.

How to Conduct Visual Analysis? 

By closely examining the elements, techniques, and context of an artwork, we can uncover its hidden messages and appreciate its artistic qualities. 

Here are some steps to help you conduct a visual analysis effectively:

  • Observe and Describe

Start by carefully observing the artwork. Take your time to look at every detail, from the overall composition to the smallest elements. 

Pay attention to the colors, lines, shapes, textures, and any other visual elements that stand out. 

  • Analyze the Elements

Next, analyze the visual elements of the artwork and how they interact with each other. Consider the use of color and its emotional impact. 

Examine the lines and shapes and how they contribute to the overall composition. 

  • Interpret the Meaning

Consider the subject matter and any symbolism or metaphors used. Look for clues in the context of the artwork, such as historical, cultural, or social references. 

Think about the artist's intention and what they might be trying to convey through their work.

  • Research and Contextualize

Conduct research to learn more about the artist, the art movement or period it belongs to, and the historical or cultural context in which it was created.

  • Formulate Your Analysis

Finally, synthesize your observations, analysis, and research into a coherent analysis of the artwork. Develop a thesis statement that encapsulates your interpretation of the artwork and support it with evidence and examples from your analysis.

Elements of a Visual Analysis Essay

The most important concepts to know when writing a visual analysis essay are the essay's visual elements. These elements offer a good visual display of its visual characteristics. 

A student cannot analyze an image or visual display without mentioning how these elements relate to the subject's characteristics.

A list of common visual elements used in writing visual analysis essays is given below.

Design Principles of a Visual Analysis Essay

For a great visual analysis essay, you must recognize design principles in addition to visual elements. 

These principles assist you in highlighting and describing the visual characteristics.

How to Write a Visual Analysis Essay?

Here are six steps you must take to write a visual analysis essay.

  • Provide Basic Information 

To start the creative writing process, you must first collect information on the following elements. 

  • Who wrote the piece?
  • A piece created for whom? 
  • What medium was chosen?
  • Why was that medium significant? 
  • Where was this art originally shown for the first time? 
  • Who or what does the artwork reflect?
  • What elements were used?
  • When and where was the work created?
  • Describe the Painting

The following step is to determine what the image portrays. This part is similar to an abstract in which you must summarize all the observable elements. The following are the essential characteristics to search for.

  • Identify the story on which the artwork is based if you are examining a classical painting.
  • Discuss the primary setting.
  • Highlight the characters and what they stand for?
  • Describe the painting's overall vibe that the artist intends to communicate.
  • Examine Thoroughly 

Every piece of art is unique; consider what art elements and design principles you will apply in your writing.

This section takes the most time. Because here, you have to examine the artwork elements as well as its design concepts thoroughly.

  • Make an Outline 

For your visual analysis essay, the five-paragraph style is recommended. Find out significant elements of the artwork and create your thesis statement around it.

Visual analysis papers must follow standard citation guidelines. Include a source citation page with a list of all your references used.

  • Edit & Revise Your Essay

After you've finished writing your essay, revise and proofread it to ensure it's free of grammatical mistakes.

For a detailed guide, you can also check out this video:

Visual Analysis Essay Outline

Below outlines the fundamental structure for a visual analysis essay.

  • Visual Analysis Essay Introduction 

This is the opening paragraph of a visual analysis essay, and this is where you should make your reader interested. It should provide some basic information about the subject. After the introductory part, offer brief information on the following points.

  • Give an overview of the painting and the artist. 
  • Explain the painting's main elements. 
  • Include intriguing information about the artist’s intent on the picture.
  • Remember to add the first sentence that grabs attention.
  • Add thesis statement 

The thesis statement should be included at the ending of the essay introduction . The thesis statement for a visual analysis essay provides the points you intend to cover in your essay.

  • Visual Analysis Essay Body Paragraphs

You must analyze the artwork in-depth in the body part of your essay. Provide three or more suggestions to support your thesis. Write and examine the entire piece, including the method used, form, colors, and everything else that backs up your thesis. 

Only discuss the parts of the artwork that support your argument. Present all of the facts rationally and describe the elements and their relationship with each other. You should evaluate your ideas about the artwork under examination in response to a visual argument created by the artist.

  • Visual Analysis Essay Conclusion

This is the essay's final paragraph, so it should be powerful and well-written. Here, you must reinforce your thesis statement once again and make it effective.

Top Visual Analysis Essay Examples

Below are samples of different types of visual analysis essays for you to improve your understanding of this type of essay.

Visual Analysis Essay of a Painting

Conducting a visual analysis essay of a painting involves four key steps:

  • Carefully observe the artwork, noting its composition, brushwork, color palette, and symbolic elements. 
  • Analyze the artist's techniques and choices, such as brushstrokes, use of light and shadow, and perspective. 
  • Interpret the artwork, considering its emotional impact, themes, and potential messages. 
  • Evaluate the painting's overall effectiveness, considering its artistic value, innovation, and ability to engage the viewer.

Visual Analysis Essay of a Photograph

For conducting a visual analysis essay of a photograph, follow these three key steps. 

  • First, closely examine the composition, lighting, and subject matter of the image. 
  • Second, interpret the emotions, themes, and narratives conveyed by the photograph. 
  • Finally, evaluate the overall effectiveness of the photograph in engaging the viewer and conveying its intended message.

Visual Analysis Essay of a Sculpture

Conducting a visual analysis essay of a sculpture involves three essential steps. 

  • First, carefully observe the sculpture's form, materials, and spatial arrangement. 
  • Second, interpret the sculpture's symbolism, themes, and artistic intent. 
  • Finally, evaluate the sculpture's aesthetic value, technical craftsmanship, and its ability to evoke emotional responses.

Visual Analysis of an Advertisement

Conducting a visual analysis of an advertisement involves several key steps. 

  • First, carefully observe the advertisement, noting its visual elements such as imagery, colors, typography, and layout. 
  • Second, analyze how these elements work together to convey the message and appeal to the target audience. 
  • Third, interpret the intended meaning and the emotions evoked by the advertisement. 
  • Finally, evaluate the effectiveness of the advertisement in terms of engagement, communication, and marketing objectives.

Here are some more samples of visual analysis essays:

Rhetorical and Visual Analysis Essay Sample

Art History Visual Analysis Essay Sample

Political Cartoon Visual Analysis Sample

Visual Analysis Essay Advertisement

Visual Analysis Essay Format

Visual Analysis Essay Template

Mona Lisa Visual Analysis Essay Example

Visual Analysis Essay Thesis Example

Visual Analysis Essay Topics

Following are some excellent visual analysis essay ideas from which you can start your own writing.

  • What impact does advertising have on our lives? 
  • Discuss the forms of emotional appeals shown in web advertisements. 
  • Review your favorite movie and analyze the visual arts in it. 
  • What is the importance of historical context? 
  • Discuss the action involved in television ads.
  • Colors are used in marketing and advertising.
  • What makes Oscar awards unique from other awards?
  • How has art evolved in the past 50 years? 
  • Explain how digital media campaigns display brand names?
  • What role do art and culture have in our lives? 

Tips For Writing the Visual Analysis Essay

Here are some tips on how to write a great essay, so take a look at them and make your writing process easy.

  • Your visual analysis essay should be written in a clear and organized way. The audience will not stick around if the ideas are not presented in an organized way.
  • If the essay is written in an appropriate format, the data will be easy for the audience to understand. 
  • You need to rely on your thesis statement when writing your essay. You also need to do research before making any arguments.
  • The emotions we feel when looking at artwork often counter the artist's argument. The writer should be aware of how the audience perceives the artwork.
  • When you write the visual analysis essay, proofread it carefully to make sure there are no mistakes. Any errors in grammar or context will count against you in the final grade.

Working on your visual analysis essay and need help? Luckily you can rely on a writing service like CollegeEssay.org and get your essay within the set deadline.

We provide the best essay-writing service for students . No matter if it is a simple college essay or a complete research paper , we are here to help you.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is visual analysis.

Visual analysis is a method of understanding the visual elements of an artwork. Elements such as color, line, texture, and scale are frequently used in historical art writing.

What is a visual rhetorical analysis?

The visually rhetorical analysis mainly interacts via images or the engagement of image and text. The author of such visual documents thinks in the same way as writers do. They select the elements of the images and organize them and their thoughts based on rhetorical considerations.

What is the purpose of visual literacy?

Visual literacy aims to allow a person to effectively interpret, evaluate, find, use, and create images and visual media.

How do you write a visual analysis conclusion?

The conclusion should be the strongest part of your paper because it's where you can leave a lasting impression. Don't just restate what you said in the thesis statement but strengthen and form those thoughts by adding an interesting fact that will make it more convincing and credible to readers.

What is a visual text example?

Visual texts are those in which pictures and shapes communicate rather than words. Photographs, illustrations, pictures in books, DVDs, web pages, billboards, advertisements, cartoons, artworks, book covers are examples of visual texts.

Caleb S. (Literature, Marketing)

Caleb S. has extensive experience in writing and holds a Masters from Oxford University. He takes great satisfaction in helping students exceed their academic goals. Caleb always puts the needs of his clients first and is dedicated to providing quality service.

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Visual Analysis Essay: Everything You Have To Know

visual analysis essay

Whether you have handled a visual analysis essay before or not, this post is relevant for you. It will give you fresh and top-grade visual analysis ideas to get you on the leaderboard.

Journey with me then as we make writing visual analysis essays faster and easier!

What is a Visual Analysis Essay?

Your lecturer expects you to carefully analyze the various elements of an image and how they bring out the intended message.

Now, there are standard design elements that are key to this type of essay. These are:

Shape, Color, Line, and Size.

Using these principles of design, you will provide a detailed description of the image in question. I can’t wait to tell you how the Monalisa portrait would fit into such an essay. Imagine how Leonardo da Vinci incorporated all these aspects to come up with such a masterpiece drawing!

We are only but starting. Let us move on to some soft meat.

Visual Analysis Essay Example

Ralph Ellison’s “Battle Royale” chapter in Invisible Man provides a rich ground for analysis. Importantly, Ellison is writing about the topic of how rights for African-Americans developed over the course of history. He writes about the experience of being black in an America that often makes that more difficult than it should be. Ellison had a deep understanding not only of the existing civil rights environment, but also the history that gave it context. With that in mind, he was able to connect the past to the present in a way that was supremely compelling. This particular work is all about his process of learning who he was and what his purpose was in a world that may have wanted to strip him of any dignity. With this in mind, “Battle Royale” shows that the ghosts of slavery still haunted African-Americans, who may have been nominally “accepted,” but had not yet achieve social equality in an altogether racist society.

The meaning of the text begins with the scene in which Ellison is haunted by the ghost of his grandfather. His grandfather had come up during slavery, and thus, the deathbed scene in which Ellison’s character grapples with his grandfather’s legacy is meant to serve as a symbol for the bigger struggle for black rights. Ultimately Ralph Ellison understands that although slavery may have been gone, it was still around, impacting everything that happened to black people in their interactions with society, with power structures, and also with white people, as well. Interestingly, Ellison comes to understand that the vestiges of slavery are the very things that allow him to become an invisible man. He is not seen as fully human with a wide range of compelling interests. Rather, he is seen as a person who is just there to entertain white people. By using the ghost of his grandfather to show this, the author is communicating how African-Americans at that time had no choice but to live and grapple with the realities of history. Slavery was all around them, and it had not really been defeated at that point. Instead, it was just laying idle and creating additional barriers that the people had to clear.

The author writes to demonstrate that social equality was far away for African-Americans. The imagery of the boxing match he had to engage in is one way in which he shows this. He does not know it when he agrees, but when he shows up to the celebration with a bunch of old white men, he is not just there to receive a scholarship. He is also there to be a part of a show that keeps these people entertained. Because it is a boxing match, he is still being treated not as a full person, but as a body to be used at will by powerful white people according to their own whims. This links closely to slavery, as well. The use of black bodies for white gain was a long-running theme in America, and linking a boxing match to white enjoyment is another of the critical ways in which the author goes about demonstrating this important truth. Likewise, that he got a scholarship to a “negro” school showed that even though some progress had been made, black people were still being held back.

In a number of ways, Ellison in this chapter conveys meaning. He uses the scene of a dying grandfather to convey how temporally close slavery was and how it never truly left the African-Americans who were under its hold. By using the boxing match, he showed the continued exploitation of black bodies that seemingly never stopped.

How To Write a Visual Analysis Essay Like a Pro

We have to note that such an essay is in the following subject areas:

  • Art History,
  • Photography
  • English courses

I am sure some are already groaning, ‘but I don’t major in any those subjects, does it mean I am disadvantaged?’ Not at all, dear reader. With what we are about to discuss, you will find a visual analysis essay the easiest. Even if you are taking a course in Engineering, you can do it!

So how do you write a visual analysis like a guru? Follow the outline below and have your question answered:

  • The introduction

Arouse your reader with basic but interesting facts about the piece of art or the artist. Now, how do you start a visual analysis essay? With:

  • A vivid description of the image
  • The inspiration behind the art
  • What the artist purposed to communicate with the image
  • A peculiar and fantastic fact about the art or artist

Remember to give a thesis statement that will tell the meaning of visual art.

It is where you explore the various elements of the painting or picture in detail. The body should originate from your thesis statement. Here is how to write a visual analysis essay body paragraph:

  • Have a claim (topic sentence)
  • Provide evidence
  • Provide a specific connection between your argument and the thesis statement

Ensure that you exhaust every element fully and its relation to the image in the body section.

After analyzing the visual image, provide your opinions and thoughts on the work. Perhaps you can use the ideas below to sweeten your visual analysis essay conclusion:

  • Criticism from people on the piece of art
  • Are there other similar images? If so, how do they compare?
  • What is the difference between the first reception to the image and that of today?

Either way, do not introduce any new ideas in this part. Only restate and emphasize what you have discussed in the body.

And that is how to write a visual analysis essay, easy-peasy! You can ask for a visual analysis essay example from our expert writers to familiarize themselves with the structure. For your information, we have the best minds there are in visual analysis!

What To Look At in A Visual Analysis Essay

Whenever college students want to analyze a visual image, they get stuck at the pointers. Herein are some of the professionally handpicked aspects that you will have to zoom in your binoculars to:

What is the purpose of the artist? Who was his audience in mind when drawing the image or portrait? How has he composed the various elements of the image? Historically, where does the image lie in context? When was the image viewed?

These and many more should inspire you to write a compelling and award-winning visual analysis essay.

Tip-Top Visual Analysis Essay Topics

On top of our visual analysis essay examples, we also have a plethora of top-notch topics:

  • The controversy surrounding the Monalisa painting
  • Visual analysis of ‘The Starry Night’ by Vincent van Gogh
  • ‘The Birth of Venus’ – Did Sandro Botticelli go too far?
  • Why Michelangelo’s ‘Creation of Adam’ is the most replicated image in history
  • Who was the audience of “The Night Watch”?
  • A critical analysis of “American Gothic”.
  • What was Pablo’s intention in ‘Guernica’?
  • Impact of ‘The Last Supper’ on religious imagery

We can give more examples of visual analysis essay topics at your request.

Writing a visual analysis essay doesn’t have to make you lose some pounds. You can seek our custom essay writing help and get it done sooner than you know.

Give it a try.

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Visual Analysis Essay

Last updated on: Feb 9, 2023

Writing Guide of Visual Analysis Essay for Beginners

By: Cordon J.

Reviewed By: Chris H.

Published on: Nov 9, 2021

Visual analysis essay

A visual analysis essay is different from other essays because it requires you to study the design elements and principles. These include color, size, shape, and line are design elements. And balance, texture, contrast, and proportion are the main principles.

However, if you have confusion in writing this type of essay, read this blog and learn everything about it.

Below is a stepwise guide to writing a visual analysis essay along with some tips and examples. You can also pick a topic from the given list to get started.

Visual analysis essay

On this Page

What is a Visual Analysis Essay?

A visual analysis essay is an essay in which the writer provides an engaging description of the pictures, architecture, or photos. This type of essay is common in art, history, and English classes and requires in-depth research skills.

The main purpose of the visual analysis essay is to:

  • Describe the piece of art, image, or other visual work.
  • Examine the artwork from your point of view.
  • Discuss the elements of visual display in detail.
  • Give interesting facts about the art and the artist

Moreover, the language in the visual analysis essay should be descriptive. Also, you should have a detailed grasp of the few things, such as:

  • Other contemporary art forms
  • Background in which the artist created it

Therefore, without these, you would never create a well-written visual analysis essay.

Visual Analysis Essay Format

The format of the visual analysis essay is similar to different types of essays. Without a proper format, you will never write a great essay.

Below is the essay format that you should follow when writing your essay.

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How to Write a Visual Analysis Essay?

Before you start writing the essay, you must do some planning and preparation. However, writing a visual analysis essay is not difficult if you follow the proper steps and procedures.

Therefore, for your help, we have gathered some steps that can help you in writing a great essay.

1. Understand your Teacher’s Requirements

When you first start writing your essay, you should always ask the teacher for specific instructions. Some teachers provide written guidelines and require students to follow them. When you are unsure, ask them for clarification before proceeding with anything else

2. Choose the Topic

One of the most important steps in writing a successful essay is finding an interesting topic. You should choose something that will intrigue your audience and be easy to research. Otherwise, it can turn into a time-consuming task.

3. Gather Information

After selecting the essay topic, start collecting information. You should know:

  • When and where was the work created?
  • Who is the author of the piece?
  • What does the artwork represent?
  • Identify which materials were used.
  • What medium was used?

Therefore, keep these points in your mind and collect data according to them.

4. Create the Visual Analysis Thesis Statement

The  thesis statement  is the backbone of an essay. Therefore, it should be clear and concise while also covering your main point in a way that's engaging for readers.

5. Draft the Visual Analysis Essay Outline

With the help of an  essay outline , you can easily make your writing phase easier. You will figure out what structure to use and plan how to organize everything before working on it.

The visual analysis essay outline consists of:

An essay introduction serves as the basic foundation of the essay where you summarize the point of discussion, including:

  • Start with an attention-grabbing hook statement.
  • Briefly describe the essay topic.
  • Give interesting facts about the artwork to give readers some context.
  • State the thesis statement.

So, you need to include these things in the introductory paragraph.

The essay body presents the main arguments and thoughts. In this section, explore the artwork and all its aspects in detail. Also, in each body paragraph, discuss each idea in detail that supports your thesis statement without giving inaccurate information.

The conclusion is the last section of the essay, where you give your thoughts and opinion about the subject.

Restate the major arguments and the thesis statement. It is supposed to sum up the entire purpose of your argument, which means it's important to impress readers with your statements.

6. Proofreading and Revising

Proofreading is the most important step in ensuring a successful essay. You'll need to read it again and make sure that all your points are clear, logical, and well-supported. You can also ask your friends, seniors, or family members to proofread your work.

Without proofreading, never submit or publish your essay. It gives a bad impact on your readers if there are any typos - even minor ones.

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Visual Analysis Essay Examples

Visual analysis essays give you a chance to show off your creativity. Therefore, we have gathered some great examples from professional writers just for your help.

VISUAL ANALYSIS ESSAY SAMPLE

ART VISUAL ANALYSIS ESSAY EXAMPLE

RHETORICAL AND VISUAL ANALYSIS ESSAY

Visual Analysis Essay Topics

The topic has a huge impact on people. The reader decides whether they read the entire essay or not based on your topic.

For your help, we gathered some essay topics that you can use for your visual analysis essay.

  • Don’t forget how revolutionary Cubism was to the art world at the time.
  • Exercising, the latest workouts, and who uses them.
  • Discuss different types of emotional appeals used in web ads.
  • What is the special feature of Cleo Award-winning ads?
  • An animation in favor of equality for the poor.
  • Analyze the society’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Write about superstitions and their impact on society.
  • Does the artwork contain items that symbolize something?
  • The use of colors in marketing and advertising.
  • Examine the way weather conditions affect one’s well-being.

So, choose the best one from the list mentioned above that you find interesting and easy to write.

Tips for Writing the Visual Analysis Essay

Below given are tips that you should follow and create a perfect visual analysis essay.

  • Follow the proper essay structure.
  • Choose an engaging essay topic.
  • Never forget to create an essay outline.
  • Discuss the visual elements and visual art.
  • Use several elements of design to create an image.
  • Understand the focal point.
  • Start with the strongest qualities and finish with less valuable ones or vice versa.
  • Keep the audience’s interest in mind.
  • Be precise.
  • Include only relevant information.
  • Pick powerful arguments for the body section.
  • Don’t write vague words or sentences.
  • Write a good essay introduction that grabs the reader’s attention.
  • Create a strong visual argument.
  • Look at the historical context of the artwork.
  • Analyze an artwork based on your own observations.
  • In the pre-writing phase, do drafting, in-depth research, revision, and editing.
  • Try to conclude your essay, not just restate the thesis statement.
  • Proofread it several times and correct all the mistakes.

Now, you get a detailed guide to the visual analysis essay with professionally written examples. However, if you lack writing skills and need a professional writer’s help for your visual analysis paper, consult 5StarEssays.com .

We offer the best essay writing services at affordable rates. All our writers deliver original work in no time. All you have to say is ‘ write my essay for me? ,’ and our writers are ready for your help.

So, contact us now and get the best essay writing help.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long is a visual analysis essay.

There is no specific limit set for the visual analysis essay. It depends on your chosen topic. However, it is better to use the five-paragraph essay structure for your essay.

What should a visual analysis essay include?

Here are some things that you should include in the visual analysis essay.

  • Discuss the purpose of the artist.
  • Explain how the image was created.
  • Talk about the controversy or misunderstanding about the art.

How many paragraphs should an analysis essay have?

An analysis essay contains five paragraphs, and each has some analysis components:

  • Introduction with thesis statement
  • Three main body paragraphs

Cordon J.

Speech, Finance Essay

Cordon. is a published author and writing specialist. He has worked in the publishing industry for many years, providing writing services and digital content. His own writing career began with a focus on literature and linguistics, which he continues to pursue. Cordon is an engaging and professional individual, always looking to help others achieve their goals.

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Visual Analysis Essay Guide

13 October, 2020

14 minutes read

Author:  Tomas White

Art is everywhere. It’s in the advertisement you’ll see on the monitor of your laptop, a postcard you’ll receive from your friend, pictures at a local museum, and even graffiti on a neighboring building. Every piece of art has its unique message, story, form, and influence on the audience. Those studying Art, Art History, and Communication understand it perfectly. They often have to complete the assignments that require in-depth knowledge of a researched subject, analytical thinking, and excellent descriptive skills to explain the characteristics of the piece.

visual analysis essay

Many students find it hard to write a visual analysis essay because they don’t understand how to explain the meaning of a graphic object. Moreover, they face difficulties when trying to interpret the value of the piece. If you’re one of these students, you should read our article – it contains all the necessary information about analyzing visual objects.

What Is Visual Analysis?

You’ve definitely heard about the secret symbolism of Leonardo da Vinci’s “ Mona Lisa ” and “ The Last Supper. ” The chances are that your teacher will ask you to explore these artworks someday, and it will be the visual analysis. Observing these masterpieces, researching symbolism, explaining the hidden meaning of colors, and evaluating the influence on generations are only a small part of the task.

These are only two examples of visual analysis, but typically it includes various tasks. Students often have to examine photos, movies, and other objects that consist of graphic elements. If you’re studying Communications and Advertising, a professor may even ask you to analyze a famous poster or promotional video.

Reading between the lines is an essential skill that helps conduct visual analysis excellently. Every beautiful or arguably ugly picture has a special meaning that brings us the message. Thus, investigating the artist’s hidden purpose is one of the key aspects of visual analysis. Additionally, you’ll have to explore the audience of the piece, main methods of creation, and how the perception of this artwork was changing over the years. When working on analysis, you’ll focus on content, form, and context to present an exhaustive evaluation of the graphic object. However, it’s necessary to keep the professor’s requirements in your mind, as they’ll expect you to analyze artwork from different perspectives.

How to Write a Visual Analysis Essay?

Before you start writing a visual analysis essay, it’s necessary to prepare yourself for hours of research. In some cases, you’ll even have to dedicate a few days to the investigation. You should study the objects represented in the artwork, as well as colors, mood, and painting manner if we’re speaking about a picture. While you’re researching the piece, different thoughts connected with the graphic elements and meaning may cross your mind. So, you’ll have to write down all the ideas concerning the overall theme, message, and symbolism the artist aims to demonstrate through their artwork.

After you’ve written down all the thoughts representing your perception of the artwork, you’ll have to take the next step. When working on a visual analysis paper, you can’t limit your research only to exploring the significance of the piece and your feelings connected with the graphic object. You should go further and explore the background, composition, texture, colors, etc. Researching the artwork a few times will help you find the missing details in your analysis.

Analyzing a visual object has much in common with completing a jigsaw puzzle. Artwork observation is an essential part of the process, and now you have to check all your notes. It’s easier to work on your essay if you already have some ideas on a paper rather than to start researching the piece once again. In simple words, you have a draft that will help you connect the dots and present a good thesis statement. Here are some other steps you’ll have to take when working on a visual analysis essay:

  • List the artwork characteristics to strengthen your thesis statement. You can start with the strongest qualities and finish with less valuable ones, or vice versa.
  • Research the emotions evoked by the piece. The mental response is essential for analyzing an artwork as it should correspond to the artist’s purpose. However, your reaction can differ from the response of other people, so it’s necessary to research the audience’s reaction as well.
  • Outline your visual analysis essay. It will be the skeleton of your paper, and it will help you determine the right structure and ideas that should appear in your work.
  • Craft a draft. It’s not the same as writing an outline because it’s an extended variant of your essay. But when creating a draft, you should focus on the content, and not on a writing style.
  • Check your draft and write a visual analysis essay. You’ll have to revise and edit your draft to prepare an excellent paper. Sometimes it’s necessary to work on the essay structure, use online checkers to get rid of different grammar errors, and even remove some of the ideas. But you don’t have to doubt about deleting sentences or unnecessary phrases because it’s a part of the editing process. If you don’t know whether some thoughts are essential for your essay, you can freely remove them.

The Process of Analyzing Visual Art

After you’ve learned how to write a visual analysis, you should clarify some questions connected with the process of analyzing artworks. As we’ve mentioned earlier, it requires a comprehensive investigation of different aspects, so you’ll have to concentrate on the piece and dedicate some time to investigate. Since a college professor can ask you to write about any artwork, including a picture, photograph, or commercial promo video, we’ve decided to discuss painting. Here’s what you have to look for to analyze the piece:

1. Main details connected with the painter

Who painted the piece? What kind of person were they? It’s necessary to read the painter’s biography to understand their artwork because their features and stories influence their work. Besides, the period when the picture was painted also matters because political situation, wars, and economic instability also became motivating aspects for many artists.

2. The artist’s purpose

Many paintings reflect the artist’s mood or present a hidden message and symbols that should influence human minds. But you should consider that most famous painters like Michelangelo and Dali earned money by selling their artworks. So, you should learn the background of the piece to understand the artist’s purpose and figure out whether it has some special message.

3. The audience

Every artist knows their audience, and you should research this aspect. For example, some artists don’t limit their audience to a specific niche and communicate with everyone through their paintings. Dali was an extraordinary person, and he preferred adding strange objects to his pictures. His surrealism aims to provoke and confuse, and it’s definitely not for everyone. That’s why if you explore the artist’s audience, it will be easier to understand the meaning of the painting.

4. Art movement

The art movement goes hand in hand with the artist’s purpose. The painting manner and main characteristics of the movement help the painter present his thoughts in their paintings. If you know basic rules like symbolism representation, object location in a painting, and the hidden meaning of color, you’ll easily interpret the artwork’s message.

Visual Analysis Essay Outline

The most efficient way to increase the quality of visual analysis essays is to craft an outline. It’s not only a brief representation of your paper but also the first result of your research. An outline will contain all the pieces of information you’ve collected during the investigation. So, you’ll check the gathered details once again and decide whether all of them are valuable for your essay. It’s unnecessary to describe everything you’re going to write about in your paper – you should include only the key thoughts. Follow this simple structure to write an outline:

  • Introduction. In this part, you should explain the background of your topic. You can write a few words about an artist, the piece under research, and an intriguing fact you’d like to present in the introductory sentences.
  • Body section. You’ll present the main arguments and thoughts of your paper in this part. But you should remember that it’s necessary to separate your ideas by describing them in different paragraphs. A number of sections in a body text will depend on the level of analysis complexity and the professor’s requirements. To demonstrate the beginning of the next paragraph in the outline, you’ll write topic sentences that describe your thoughts. You should also list the main arguments that will prove the power of your idea.
  • Conclusion. If you decide to mention the thesis statement key point in this section again, you should support it by listing your paper’s core arguments. It should sum up the entire purpose of your visual analysis, so it’s necessary to try hard to impress a reader and make them trust your statements.

Visual Analysis Essay Examples

Examining a famous artwork is a complicated task, so you might need to look for some inspiration during research. It’s totally Ok to check how other students cope with this assignment because even the greatest artists and writers need to evoke their creativity from time to time. So, take a look at each  visual analysis essay example to ease the writing process:

visual analysis essay example

  •  https://ualr.edu/art/files/2013/05/Sample_Paper_1.pdf
  • https://ualr.edu/art/files/2013/05/Sample_Paper_2.pdf

Writing Tips for a Visual Analysis Essay

Analyzing one of Michelangelo’s or Monet’s artworks may be challenging and exhausting if you don’t even know where to start. But you shouldn’t worry about this assignment because we’ve collected some important details that will help you improve your writing and craft a brilliant visual analysis essay. Follow our guidelines, and you’ll definitely achieve the best results:

1. Select a good topic

Once a professor gives you the freedom to choose a topic, you should investigate which artists or artwork you like most of all. If you pick visual analysis essay topics you’re interested in, you’ll turn into a passionate researcher and enjoy the process. Besides, selecting the subject you really like is a guarantee that you’ll do anything to increase the quality of your paper. Many students demonstrate low academic performance just because they have to work on boring topics that don’t evoke interest.

 2. Write a catchy introduction

Everyone knows that introduction is crucial for the entire essay. It aims to complete a few missions at a time – to grab the reader’s attention, describe the paper’s background, and demonstrate the core statement.  When writing a visual analysis essay introduction, mention the audience’s perception of the artwork and your emotional response. It’s Ok if these two points differ from each other because it’s a nice subject for discussion. You can also add a surprising fact connected with this piece or the artist and promise that you’ll provide more details in the body section.

3. Pick powerful arguments for the body section

Naturally, you’ll collect different details during research, and some of them will be weaker and some of them will be stronger than others. Focusing on the most powerful ones is the best way to persuade a reader that your opinion is supported by hard evidence. But it’s necessary to pick relevant arguments connected with your ideas, and not to overload your paper with too much information.

4. Impress the audience with the conclusion

Your final words often matter even more than any other essay section. The conclusion should contain a powerful statement that reflects your confidence in the strength of your ideas. Clarify the importance of the artwork, how it influenced generations, and mention the emotions it brought you. You should also list the supporting details to accentuate the value of your opinion.

Write a Poetry Visual Analysis With HandmadeWriting

We hope that our article will become a powerful tool for every student. But if you’re still confused or don’t have much time to complete this assignment, it’s Ok to ask for help. HandmadeWriting will help you craft a flawless visual argument analysis essay even within the tightest timeframe. You can discuss different aspects of your assignment with an essay writer and control the entire process to receive papers that will improve your academic performance.

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How to Write a Visual Analysis Essay In a Short Time and Enjoy It

Essential Tips and Tricks to Writing a Visual Analysis Essay

Introduction to a Visual Analysis Essay

Let’s start from the basics, which in this case are briefly defining a visual analysis essay. There are familiar elements you can find in the subject of our discussion with other types of essays, yet a visual analysis is not identical to a descriptive essay as one might think.

This type of academic writing does require a detailed description of an artwork, yet there’s more to it than simply writing down what you see on a painting, photo, music video, ad, sculpture, architecture, etc. There’s a reason why it is called a visual analysis essay, and so you are expected to analyze how various elements relate to each other, what they might mean, what was the idea an author tried to convey and what artistic means he used to do that.

The Purpose of Writing a Visual Analysis Essay

It doesn’t take a genius to realize that this type of an essay is usually assigned to art students, who can also analyze pieces of art using their knowledge of art history, various movements, and practices used to achieve a certain effect. If you are not an art student, however, you may be wondering what you are getting assigned a visual analysis paper for.

There are various advantages of writing this type of paper, but if for whatever reason you do not have time to explore this guide or not in the mood to work on your art analysis essay, we have professional writers who are ready to take care of that as they have done so multiple times before. If you are interested in writing this essay yourself, please continue reading, we have lots of useful tips and explanations for you, as well as a visual analysis essay sample for better understanding.

Now, carefully preparing and conducting a visual analysis can broaden your outlook and perhaps expand your range of interests. Depending on whether you are given a subject for a visual analysis essay or free to choose one yourself, you may learn about some artist that will make you want you to explore more of his works, artistic movement, or a historical period.

In the second case, you get to write about something near and dear to your heart. Not only will you practice describing it to someone else in a fascinating manner by writing an analysis essay, it’s also possible to discover some elements and meanings that you’ve been unaware of until now.

Either way, this task requires thorough observation and creativity, and as a result, a visual analysis essay will be a test of your critical and analytical skills. Besides, there’s a challenge to not simply describe an object in a matter-of-fact manner but to do it in an engaging way.

Now let’s get down to the business and learn how to write a visual analysis essay.

Stages of Writing a Visual Analysis Essay

How to come up with a subject for analysis.

Unless you were given a topic, or, in our case, an object for analysis by your teacher or professor, the first step will be establishing that. There may be other requirements provided with your assignment, but in any case, it is best to select an object based on one of the following principles for a successful visual argument essay .

The first option would be to choose a piece of art that causes a strong emotional response for you. That way, you can explore in more detail which elements are responsible for that.

Another visual analysis essay example of approaching a topic would be to look for an artwork that has stirred some controversy recently. An author’s intention can often be misunderstood at first, so you get to analyze his or her work and see whether the reaction was justified or whether it was a result of false interpretation.

The next approach to selecting a topic for a style analysis essay is very similar to the previous one, only in this case, you should focus on a piece of work that is now perceived differently than it was in its time. You can also compare your own impressions and analyze what caused different perception in each case.

Obviously, you can mix those approaches, and these are not the only ways you can come up with a subject for a visual analysis paper. Now, let’s move on to the actions one should take once he or she already has a topic.

Examination and Description

Start by examining the image, photo, painting, video clip, or whatever it is you have. Do this with a notepad at hand and record the whole process of your discoveries. You will need to interpret and organize all these notes later, and an art analysis essay example can help you to see what a final result should be like.

Do not worry if you don’t know all the terms. Art is often subjective, and when trying to convey an idea, an artist uses all the known and intuitive tools that can help a viewer decode the message correctly. Or he or she may be trying to deceive you, but that may become evident after a little research, which should be your next step in writing an analysis essay.

Learning about the Context and History

After you are done with recording your impressions and observations, it’s time to research background information. Such research for a painting analysis example may include:

  • the date of creation and possible sources of inspiration;
  • the initial audience’s reaction and after some time;
  • the author’s comments about that particular piece and general views on related subjects;
  • the changes in the artwork’s importance over time.

How to Structure a Visual Analysis Essay

A visual analysis essay has the same structure as any other essay, the only difference is the contents, as usual. So, once you feel that you have enough notes and research materials to start writing, you can style analysis essay in the following way.

Introduction

Start by providing the basic information like an author’s name, the object itself, whether it is a painting, a sculpture, a photograph, an art installation, or else, its name, date of creation, size, materials used, being part of a series of works, a gallery or other place where it’s currently stored or displayed.

An art analysis essay is also not different from the rest in the sense that your introduction has to end with a thesis statement.

Body Paragraphs

As you will see in any visual analysis essay sample, each body paragraph is dedicated to some particular elements of an artwork. For example, you can start by describing what is shown on a painting and what the idea behind it all is. In further paragraphs of your visual analysis essay, you should introduce a new aspect supporting that interpretation, like shapes, colors, light, contrast, the nature of lines, etc.

The number of body paragraphs may vary based on your visual analysis paper’s requirements and on the elements you can discover to support the claim.

To conclude your visual analysis essay, briefly summarize all the details that were topics of previous paragraphs, restate the thesis, and provide the conclusion that would be a logical continuation of it and a final touch for your paper. Remember, no new information should be introduced in this paragraph.

What Visual Elements of Design Are There?

Knowing the structure and the steps is one thing, but you still can’t say you know how to write a visual analysis essay if you keep staring at an artwork and don’t quite understand what it is you need to dedicate your body paragraphs to. Another potential problem is managing to complete your first style analysis essay. However, if you are assigned this work often enough, you can’t keep talking about the same couple of elements, and the following table will help you expand the number of an artwork’s components you can analyze.

A Visual Analysis Essay Example as an Icing on the Cake

Girl with a Pearl Earring

“Girl with a Pearl Earring” is a famous 17.5x15 inches oil painting on canvas by a Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer. It was created around 1665, and it has been a part of the collection of the Mauritshuis art museum in The Hague for over a century now. The painting was known under different names over its history, and the original title remains unknown. Its present title was deemed more appropriate than the previous ones in the 90’s of the 20th century and describes exactly what we see on the painting, although there have been objections to the material of the earring. There have been numerous interpretations of the painting and who the girl is, but my version is that it’s a portrait of a young servant who is facing a choice between remaining loyal to her master or abandoning her moral principles and giving in to the dark circumstances surrounding her.

The painting shows a young girl, her head and face fully visible, as well as her shoulder as she is presumably turning away from a viewer or a painter. The girl is likely of European descent and is wearing what looks like a Japanese coat of the time, an oriental turban completely covering her hair, and a large earring. The girl’s face is turned towards the viewer, and her eyes are either fixed on the painter or on what is behind him. The girl is surrounded by a black background, but her face and clothes are brightly lit, although only from the front. Starting from her left cheek, the darkness is already swallowing the rest of her body. The earring is only visible because of its size and reflection of the light  coming from the top left of the painting without the source been shown. The girl’s lips are slightly parted, and her facial expression reveals sadness and hesitance. Her gaze towards the person she is looking is soft, thankful, and somewhat regretful.

As you can see from this visual analysis essay example, there’s much to be written even about such an uneventful painting. So, don’t worry if there’s not much you can see on your object of analysis at first. As long as it has something fascinating about it and some mystery behind it, you should have enough to describe and discuss, just consult with our visual analysis essay guide.

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III. Rhetorical Situation

3.13 Writing a Visual Analysis

Terri Pantuso

While visuals such as graphs and charts can enhance an argument when used to present evidence, visuals themselves can also present an argument. Every time you encounter an ad for a certain product, stop and consider what exactly the creators of that visual want you to believe. Who is the target audience? Does the message resonate more with one group of people than another? While most advertisements or political cartoons seem to be nebulous conveyors of commerce, if you look closely you will uncover an argument presented to you, the audience.

So how do you write a visual rhetorical analysis essay? First, you’ll want to begin by examining the rhetorical strengths and weaknesses of your chosen visual. If your purpose is to write an argument about the visual, such as what artworks are considered “fine art,” then your focus will be on demonstrating how the visual meets the criteria you establish in your thesis . To do this, try a method adapted from one on working with primary sources where you Observe, Reflect and Question. [1]

Arguments About a Visual

Take for example Vincent Van Gogh’s “The Starry Night” (Figure 3.13.1). [2] If you want to argue that the painting is a classic example of fine art, you’ll first have to define the criteria for your terms “classic” and “fine art.” Next, you’ll want to look for elements within the painting to support your claim. As you study the painting, try the following strategy for analysis: Describe/Observe ; Respond/Reflect ; Analyze/Question .

This is an image of Van Gogh's Starry Night.

Describe/Observe

First, describe what you see in the visual quite literally. Begin by focusing on colors, shading, shapes, and font if you’re analyzing an advertisement. In the case of “The Starry Night,” you might begin by describing the various shades of blue, the black figures that resemble buildings, or shades of yellow that cast light. As you describe them, observe the texture, shape, contour, etc. about each element. For this initial stage, you are simply describing what you observe. Do not look deeper at this point.

Respond/Reflect

Next, respond to the ways in which the things you described have impacted you as a viewer. What emotions are evoked from the various shadings and colors used in the ad or painting? If there are words present, what does the artist’s font selection do for the image? This is where you’ll want to look for appeals to ethos and pathos. In the case of “The Starry Night,” how does the use of black create depth and for what reason? Reflect on how the intermittent use of shades of blue impacts the overall impression of the painting. At this stage, you are questioning the elements used so that you may move to the final stage of analysis.

Analyze/Question

After you’ve described and reflected upon the various elements of the visual, question what you have noted and decide if there is an argument presented by the visual. This assessment should be made based upon what you’ve observed and reflected upon in terms of the content of the image alone. Ask yourself if the arrangement of each item in the visual impacts the message? Could there be something more the artist wants you to gather from this visual besides the obvious? Question the criteria you established in your thesis and introduction to see if it holds up throughout your analysis. Now you are ready to begin writing a visual rhetorical analysis of your selected image.

Arguments Presented By/Within a Visual

In the summer of 2015, the Bureau of Land Management ran an ad campaign with the #mypubliclandsroadtrip tag. The goal of this campaign was to “explore the diverse landscapes and resources on [our] public lands, from the best camping sites to cool rock formations to ghost towns.” [3] The photo below (Figure 3.13.2) [4] is of the King Range National Conservation Area (NCA) in California which was the first NCA designated by Congress in 1970. [5] Returning to the Observe, Reflect and Question method, analysis of this photo might focus on what the image presents overall as well as arguments embedded within the image.

This image is a perspective looking down on the beach at King Ranch National Conservation Area. In the center of the photo, waves are crashing onto the beach with a single individual standing at the edge of the water. On the right side of the photo are rocks and land. At the top left, the sun is setting above the ocean. In the top right corner is the Bureau of Land Management logo. At the bottom is the name of the area and the hashtag #mypubliclandsroadtrip

As with “The Starry Night”, you might start by describing what you see in the visual quite literally. Begin by focusing on colors, shading, shapes, and font. With the Bureau of Land Management ad, you could begin by describing the multiple shades of blues and browns in the landscape. Next, you might focus on the contrasts between the sea and land, and the sea and sky. Making note of textures presented by various rock formations and the sand would add depth to your analysis. You might also note the solitary person walking along the shoreline. Finally, you would want to observe the placement of the sun in the sky at the horizon.

Next, respond to the ways in which the things you described have impacted you as a viewer. What emotions are evoked from the various shadings and colors used in the photo? How does the artist’s font selection impact the image? Through these observations, you will be able to identify appeals to ethos and pathos. In the Bureau of Land Management ad, you might respond to the various shades of blue as seemingly unreal yet reflect on their natural beauty as a way of creating an inviting tone. Next, reflect on the textures presented by the rocks and sand as a way of adding texture to the image. This texture further contributes to the welcoming mood of the image. By focusing on the solitary person in the image, you might respond that this landscape offers a welcoming place to reflect on life decisions or to simply enjoy the surroundings. Finally, you might respond to the placement of the sun as being either sunrise or sunset.

After describing and reflecting on the various elements of the visual, question what you have noted and decide if there is an argument presented by the image. Again, this assessment should be made based upon what you’ve observed and reflected upon in terms of the content of the image alone. Using the Bureau of Land Management ad, you might ask if the font choice was intentional to replicate the rolling waves, or if the framing around the edges of the image is done intentionally to tie back into the Bureau logo in the upper right-hand corner. Once you’ve moved beyond the surface image, question the criteria you established in your thesis and introduction to see if it holds up throughout your analysis. Now you are ready to begin writing a visual rhetorical analysis of an argument presented by/within your selected image.

  • This exercise was inspired by a workshop titled “Working with Primary Sources,” hosted by Meg Steele, given at the Library of Congress alongside the National Council of Teachers of English Convention in Washington, D.C. in November 2014. ↵
  • Vincent Van Gogh, The Starry Night, 1889, oil on canvas, Museum of Modern Art, New York City, Wikimedia Commons, accessed November 15, 2021, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg. ↵
  • "Drop A Line: Explore Your Lands! My Public Lands Summer Roadtrip 2016," Bureau of Land Management, accessed November 14, 2021, https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?appid=0d3fdf6ca0e44d258adde314479b3bdb . ↵
  • Bureau of Land Management, My Public Lands Roadtrip, June 3, 2015, digital photograph, Flickr, accessed January 6, 2021, https://www.flickr.com/photos/91981596@N06/18607529954 . Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License . ↵
  • “King Range National Conservation Area,” U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management, accessed January 14, 2021, https://www.blm.gov/programs/national-conservation-lands/california/king-range-national-conservation-area . ↵

To resound, reverberate, or vibrate; to produce a positive emotional response about a subject.

Cloudy, hazy, or murky; ambiguous, imprecise, or vague.

A statement, usually one sentence, that summarizes an argument that will later be explained, expanded upon, and developed in a longer essay or research paper. In undergraduate writing, a thesis statement is often found in the introductory paragraph of an essay. The plural of thesis is theses .

Ceasing and beginning or stopping and starting in a recurrent, cyclical or periodic pattern.

3.13 Writing a Visual Analysis Copyright © 2022 by Terri Pantuso is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

Visual Analysis Photo

This essay about the photograph “Untitled” examines its visual elements, composition, and contextual cues to uncover its underlying message. Through a meticulous analysis, it reveals themes of isolation, resilience, and existential contemplation. The minimalist composition and somber atmosphere invite viewers to ponder the human condition and confront their own existential uncertainties. “Untitled” serves as a powerful testament to the evocative nature of photography, transcending language barriers to communicate universal truths about the complexities of human experience.

How it works

In the realm of visual analysis, the photograph stands as a potent medium, encapsulating narratives, emotions, and perspectives within a single frame. Each photograph possesses the power to evoke myriad interpretations, influenced by the viewer’s unique experiences, cultural background, and personal biases. Through a meticulous examination of visual elements, composition, and contextual cues, a deeper understanding of the photograph’s underlying message can be unraveled. In this essay, we embark on a journey of visual analysis, focusing on an enigmatic photograph simply titled “Untitled”.

Visual Elements: At first glance, “Untitled” appears deceptively simple, featuring a solitary figure against a stark backdrop. The composition is dominated by negative space, with the figure positioned off-center, drawing immediate attention. The use of monochrome further accentuates the sense of isolation and introspection. The figure, clad in dark attire, stands in sharp contrast to the desolate surroundings, their posture evoking a sense of contemplation or resignation. The play of light and shadow adds depth to the image, casting subtle nuances on the subject’s expression.

Composition: The composition of “Untitled” is characterized by its minimalist approach, with the absence of extraneous elements directing focus solely on the central figure. The rule of thirds is subtly employed, with the figure positioned along the left vertical axis, creating visual balance and tension. The deliberate choice to leave negative space on the right enhances the feeling of emptiness and solitude, inviting viewers to ponder the significance of the figure’s presence within the frame. The use of leading lines, albeit subtle, guides the viewer’s gaze towards the subject, reinforcing their importance within the narrative.

Contextual Cues: While the title “Untitled” offers little insight into the photograph’s narrative, contextual cues such as setting, attire, and facial expression provide valuable clues for interpretation. The barren landscape suggests a sense of desolation or abandonment, hinting at themes of isolation or existential contemplation. The figure’s somber attire further reinforces this interpretation, perhaps symbolizing mourning or inner turmoil. The ambiguous facial expression, neither overtly sad nor joyful, leaves room for subjective interpretation, allowing viewers to project their own emotions onto the subject.

Interpretation: Drawing upon the visual elements and contextual cues presented in “Untitled,” one can discern a multitude of interpretations. The photograph may serve as a poignant commentary on the human condition, exploring themes of loneliness, introspection, and the search for meaning amidst a vast and indifferent world. The solitary figure, cast against the bleak backdrop, becomes a symbol of resilience in the face of adversity, a reminder of the inherent strength found within solitude. Alternatively, the photograph may evoke a sense of existential angst, confronting viewers with the inevitability of their own mortality and the fleeting nature of existence.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the process of visual analysis allows us to peel back the layers of meaning embedded within a photograph, revealing the intricate tapestry of narratives, emotions, and perspectives woven into its composition. Through a careful examination of visual elements, composition, and contextual cues, we gain deeper insight into the photograph’s underlying message and the themes it seeks to explore. “Untitled” serves as a testament to the power of photography as a medium of expression, transcending language barriers to communicate universal truths about the human experience. As viewers, we are invited to engage with the photograph on a visceral level, confronting our own fears, desires, and existential uncertainties in the process.

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Organizing Your Analysis

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There is no one perfect way to organize a rhetorical analysis essay. In fact, writers should always be a bit leery of plug-in formulas that offer a perfect essay format. Remember, organization itself is not the enemy, only organization without considering the specific demands of your particular writing task. That said, here are some general tips for plotting out the overall form of your essay.

Introduction

Like any rhetorical analysis essay, an essay analyzing a visual document should quickly set the stage for what you’re doing. Try to cover the following concerns in the initial paragraphs:

  • Make sure to let the reader know you’re performing a rhetorical analysis. Otherwise, they may expect you to take positions or make an evaluative argument that may not be coming.
  • Clearly state what the document under consideration is and possibly give some pertinent background information about its history or development. The intro can be a good place for a quick, narrative summary of the document. The key word here is “quick, for you may be dealing with something large (for example, an entire episode of a cartoon like the Simpsons). Save more in-depth descriptions for your body paragraph analysis.
  • If you’re dealing with a smaller document (like a photograph or an advertisement), and copyright allows, the introduction or first page is a good place to integrate it into your page.
  • Give a basic run down of the rhetorical situation surrounding the document: the author, the audience, the purpose, the context, etc.

Thesis Statements and Focus

Many authors struggle with thesis statements or controlling ideas in regards to rhetorical analysis essays. There may be a temptation to think that merely announcing the text as a rhetorical analysis is purpose enough. However, especially depending on your essay’s length, your reader may need a more direct and clear statement of your intentions. Below are a few examples.

1. Clearly narrow the focus of what your essay will cover. Ask yourself if one or two design aspects of the document is interesting and complex enough to warrant a full analytical treatment.

The website for Amazon.com provides an excellent example of alignment and proximity to assist its visitors in navigating a potentially large and confusing amount of information.

2. Since visual documents often seek to move people towards a certain action (buying a product, attending an event, expressing a sentiment), an essay may analyze the rhetorical techniques used to accomplish this purpose. The thesis statement should reflect this goal.

The call-out flyer for the Purdue Rowing Team uses a mixture of dynamic imagery and tantalizing promises to create interest in potential, new members.

3. Rhetorical analysis can also easily lead to making original arguments. Performing the analysis may lead you to an argument; or vice versa, you may start with an argument and search for proof that supports it.

A close analysis of the female body images in the July 2007 issue of Cosmopolitan magazine reveals contradictions between the articles’ calls for self-esteem and the advertisements’ unrealistic, beauty demands.

These are merely suggestions. The best measure for what your focus and thesis statement should be the document itself and the demands of your writing situation. Remember that the main thrust of your thesis statement should be on how the document creates meaning and accomplishes its purposes. The OWl has additional information on writing thesis statements.

Analysis Order (Body Paragraphs)

Depending on the genre and size of the document under analysis, there are a number of logical ways to organize your body paragraphs. Below are a few possible options. Which ever you choose, the goal of your body paragraphs is to present parts of the document, give an extended analysis of how that part functions, and suggest how the part ties into a larger point (your thesis statement or goal).

Chronological

This is the most straight-forward approach, but it can also be effective if done for a reason (as opposed to not being able to think of another way). For example, if you are analyzing a photo essay on the web or in a booklet, a chronological treatment allows you to present your insights in the same order that a viewer of the document experiences those images. It is likely that the images have been put in that order and juxtaposed for a reason, so this line of analysis can be easily integrated into the essay.

Be careful using chronological ordering when dealing with a document that contains a narrative (i.e. a television show or music video). Focusing on the chronological could easily lead you to plot summary which is not the point of a rhetorical analysis.

A spatial ordering covers the parts of a document in the order the eye is likely to scan them. This is different than chronological order, for that is dictated by pages or screens where spatial order concerns order amongst a single page or plane. There are no unwavering guidelines for this, but you can use the following general guidelines.

  • Left to right and top to down is still the normal reading and scanning pattern for English-speaking countries.
  • The eye will naturally look for centers. This may be the technical center of the page or the center of the largest item on the page.
  • Lines are often used to provide directions and paths for the eye to follow.
  • Research has shown that on web pages, the eye tends to linger in the top left quadrant before moving left to right. Only after spending a considerable amount of time on the top, visible portion of the page will they then scroll down.

Persuasive Appeals

The classic, rhetorical appeals are logos, pathos, and ethos. These concepts roughly correspond to the logic, emotion, and character of the document’s attempt to persuade. You can find more information on these concepts elsewhere on the OWL. Once you understand these devices, you could potentially order your essay by analyzing the document’s use of logos, ethos, and pathos in different sections.

The conclusion of a rhetorical analysis essay may not operate too differently from the conclusion of any other kind of essay. Still, many writers struggle with what a conclusion should or should not do. You can find tips elsewhere on the OWL on writing conclusions. In short, however, you should restate your main ideas and explain why they are important; restate your thesis; and outline further research or work you believe should be completed to further your efforts.

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10.8.1: Annotated Sample Visual Argument Analysis

  • Last updated
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  • Page ID 92721

  • Saramanda Swigart
  • City College of San Francisco

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Listen to an audio version of this page (10 min, 27 sec):

Format note: This version is accessible to screen reader users.  Refer to these  tips for reading our annotated sample arguments with a screen reader . For a more traditional visual format, see  the PDF version of "An Image Is Worth a Thousand Calls to Arms."

Prof. Swigart

An Image Is Worth a Thousand Calls to Arms

It may be tempting to think of arguments as being, well, wordy: lengthy essays or speeches designed to make a point and defend it. However, arguments can be entirely or primarily visual. (Note: The author introduces visual arguments as an everyday phenomenon that the reader may often encounter without consciously recognizing as arguments. Virtually every man-made image is meant to communicate something, and even things so simple and everyday as magazine advertisements or internet banner ads—things we see so often that we often no longer consciously notice—convey the implied argument that we should buy a product, subscribe to a service, or otherwise do what the advertisement wants us to do. The same is nonetheless true of military recruitment posters and ads, which generally share the same common argument: the viewer should join the Armed Forces. (Note: This statement narrows the broad topic of visual arguments down to a particular example: military recruitment posters and ads.

The entry of the United States into World War I led to a massive recruitment drive for military service as a nation without a large standing army was drawn into an ongoing conflict and forced to rapidly mobilize the population. (Note: This paragraph provides historical context for the posters under discussion, focusing the lens on WWI recruitment in the United States. Although a draft was issued, making military service for draftees compulsory, there was understandably a vested national interest in recruiting as many volunteers for the armed services as possible. These two recruitment posters below (Figs. 1 and 2), originally printed during World War I and for the United States Army and Navy respectively, use different techniques to appeal to potential recruits' sensibilities and desires. (Note: This is the essay's real thesis, citing the Army and Navy posters as using different techniques to appeal to readers. Comparing these techniques is the focus of the essay's body paragraphs.

A caucasian man with white hair and beard points at the viewer.  He wears a red bowtie, a blue jacket, and a white top hat with a blue band featuring white stars. Below, we see the words "I WANT YOU FOR THE U.S. ARMY" and under them, in smaller letters, "Nearest recruiting center." The image is on a white background, framed by a red and blue border.

The “I Want YOU for U.S. Army” poster, featuring James Montgomery Flagg's iconic illustration of Uncle Sam, is an image so instantly recognizable that it has become part of the American cultural vocabulary (Fig. 1). (Note: The beginning of this body paragraph introduces the name and source for Figure 1. Uncle Sam, with his red, white, and blue wardrobe and star-spangled hat, draws on the iconography of the American flag to represent something of the American national spirit. (Note: The author describes the poster's imagery and typography, what the poster denotes. Although depicted as an older man, with longish white beard and hair and bushy white eyebrows, he is depicted as active and authoritative, staring and pointing with one finger at the viewer. Even without the text, it is clear from Uncle Sam's posture and gesture that we, the viewer, are the one being addressed. The text makes the poster's appeal explicit: “I Want YOU for U.S. Army,” with the “YOU” highlighted in red text for added emphasis. (Note: The author here shifts into an analysis of what that imagery may mean, or what feelings or ideas it may arouse (what the poster connotes). The appeal here is primarily one to trust: this character of the national spirit, drawn as an older and paternalistic figure, calls on the viewer directly to go to the “Nearest Recruiting Station.” Given that the average Army recruit is bound to be a younger man, this appeal from an older, paternal figure endows the appeal to enlist with an almost filial sense of obligation: if obeying one's father is what a good son does, obeying Uncle Sam is what a good citizen does. Uncle Sam's unsmiling expression signals to the recruit that this appeal to join is a matter of grave importance and urgency, and clearly no laughing matter.

A man in blue uniform with a white sailor's cap sits astride a torpedo with his hand raised, holding a short red stick. The torpedo is half in water with spray rising from both sides. The caption reads "Join the Navy: the service for fighting men."

The naval recruitment poster, featuring Richard Fayerweather Babcock's illustration of a sailor riding a torpedo, employs an entirely different aesthetic and makes a radically different appeal to its audience. (Note: The author introduces the name and source of Figure 2, while also emphasizing its contrast with Figure 1. If the Army recruitment poster invokes a sense of solemn duty, the Navy recruitment poster invokes a sense of adventure. (Note: Here a different pattern is employed: instead of talking about the imagery or type first, the author first describes the feelings aroused by the poster, contrasting these with Figure 1. Rather than a figure addressing the viewer, we see a sailor riding a torpedo in the manner of a rodeo cowboy riding a bull--even with reins (somewhat inexplicably) in hand. (Note: This passage describes Figure 2's imagery and typography, its content, similar to how the last paragraph described the imagery of Figure 1… The torpedo, rather than submerged in the water, kicks up spray by the sailor's feet as it skims the water's surface. The sailor's right hand wields a length of rope to act as a crop, showing that he is not a passive passenger on his unlikely steed but in control, whipping it forward, onward. Without context, this image might be confusing as it employs not only an unrealistic depiction of the life of the average sailor but also one that seems as reckless and suicidal as well, riding a bomb. However, the poster's text clarifies its appeal and makes it explicit: “Join the Navy, the Service for Fighting Men.” (Note: Here the argument shifts again into an analysis of the emotional appeal being made there. The characterization of the Navy as the “Service for Fighting Men,” combined with the rodeo cowboy imagery, the inherent and obvious danger of riding an (arguably phallic) torpedo qualify the poster's call to wild adventure with a macho, masculine sensibility. Again, given that the average recruit is a young man, these subtle and not-so-subtle appeals to the viewer's masculinity qualify as appeals to the viewer's emotions and self-image. If the Uncle Sam poster gravely calls on dutiful citizens to join the Army, the Navy poster calls on adventurous “Fighting Men.” While this poster may have been effective at reaching the audience of its time, it must be noted that audience of a modern Naval recruitment poster has changed. (Note: Unlike the previous paragraph, there is an additional analysis provided of how the appeal of Figure 2's argument has perhaps not aged as well as that of Figure 1. With the abolition of gender restrictions in the Armed Forces and the re-orientation of recruitment efforts, it's likely that a poster calling on “Fighting Men” to enlist would prove less appealing to a broader audience. Also, the cultural connotation of riding a bomb has itself changed, and would today perhaps be sooner associated with Dr. Strangelove and catastrophic self-destruction than a call to adventure.

Analysis of visual arguments can be rewarding and surprising. (Note: The essay returns to the broader subject of visual arguments and how visual elements can enhance, strengthen, or complicate the argument beyond what can be achieved through words alone. Images can subtly convey a rich and dense amount of information, saying a lot without necessarily saying anything at all. In these examples, most of the message is carried in image alone. Text slogans like “I Want You for U.S. Army” and “Join the Navy” would hardly capture a sense of grave patriotic duty or wild, dangerous adventure without such evocative illustrations to appeal to patriotism and a collective national identity or a wild adventure on the high seas. The effectiveness and appeal of these posters are enough to show how effective a non-verbal argument can be.

Works Cited 

(Note: Works Cited page uses MLA documentation style appropriate for an English class.

Babcock, Richard Fayerweather, Artist. Join the Navy, the service for fighting men / Babcock . Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/2002699393/

Flagg, James Montgomery, Artist. I want you for U.S. Army: nearest recruiting station / James Montgomery Flagg . Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/96507165/

Attribution

This sample essay and annotations are by Saramanda Swigart, edited by Anna Mills. Licensed CC BY-NC 4.0 .

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    Visual analysis is a helpful tool in exploring art. It focuses on the following aspects: Interpretation of subject matter (iconography). An iconographic analysis is an explanation of the work's meaning. Art historians try to understand what is shown and why it is depicted in a certain way. The analysis of function.

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    Example of a Visual Analysis Essay: "The Solitude of Autumn" by Elena Vásquez. Introduction. The captivating allure of Elena Vásquez's "The Solitude of Autumn" invites viewers into a reflective exploration of solitude and the passage of time. Created in 2020, this oil on canvas painting masterfully captures the essence of autumn ...

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    To write a winning visual analysis essay, you must also consider the principles of design. The principles help you to identify and explain various aspects of the visual display. Balance — Balance is the distribution of visual elements in the art. Consider if the elements have symmetrical, radial, or asymmetrical balance.

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    Visual Analysis Essay Conclusion; This is the essay's final paragraph, so it should be powerful and well-written. Here, you must reinforce your thesis statement once again and make it effective. Top Visual Analysis Essay Examples. Below are samples of different types of visual analysis essays for you to improve your understanding of this type ...

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  19. 3.13 Writing a Visual Analysis

    3.13 Writing a Visual Analysis. Terri Pantuso. While visuals such as graphs and charts can enhance an argument when used to present evidence, visuals themselves can also present an argument. Every time you encounter an ad for a certain product, stop and consider what exactly the creators of that visual want you to believe.

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  24. 10.8.1: Annotated Sample Visual Argument Analysis

    However, the poster's text clarifies its appeal and makes it explicit: "Join the Navy, the Service for Fighting Men." (Note: Here the argument shifts again into an analysis of the emotional appeal being made there. The characterization of the Navy as the "Service for Fighting Men," combined with the rodeo cowboy imagery, the inherent ...