essay questions on law

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• Studying for a Law School Exam

Students are often tested on their legal knowledge through examinations given at the end of the semester or year. While students may be familiar with final exams that cover a large amount of material, they may be less familiar with the hypothetical format of many law school exams or the unique nature of a law school open book exam. A bit of preparation and practice will help even the newest law students succeed.

How should I study for a law school exam?

Studying for a law school exam can be a daunting task. Some professors may point students to specific topics to study, but often anything covered during class or in the syllabus will be fair game. It is a good idea to gather any study materials recommended by your professor, as well as any of your professor’s old exams or practice exams, which may be posted online in places like your library’s course materials webpage. You may also want to review your outlines and use some of your study time to draft more concise outlines to study or use on an open book exam.

What if my professor allows me to use notes?

You may feel relieved to learn that your exam will be open book, but this does not necessarily mean that you will be able to earn a great score without any preparation. Law school exams are typically limited to two or three hours, and you will probably use all of the allotted time. Crafting specific notes (sometimes called “attack outlines” or “mini outlines”) for open book exams is a great way to ensure that you are using this time efficiently. Your notes should be structured with your particular professor and course in mind, but a good place to start is to make a condensed one-page or half-page outline for each major topic that will allow you to access the relevant information with the flip of a page. For example, a portion of a mini Torts outline may look like this:

• False Imprisonment
• One person intends to confine another without consent or legal authority
• Their actions directly or indirectly cause confinement, and
• The other person is conscious of the confinement or is harmed by it
• The person confined knew of a reasonable means of escape and declined to use it
• Shopkeeper’s privilege — a store owner reasonably believed an individual stole or attempted to steal their property and detained the individual for a reasonable time in a reasonable manner
• Threats of immediate physical force may be sufficient
• Withholding important property, such as a passport, may be sufficient
• Big Town Nursing Home, Inc. v. Newman

As you can see, not all of the information that you will have learned will be contained in these condensed notes. Instead, they should provide you with the bare bones of each topic and jog your memory as to the details. Some professors award extra points when students cite specific cases in their exam answers, but it may be best to leave cases (or at least full case names) out to save space if your professor confirms that citations will not be necessary. Whether or not you include case names, you may also want to include summaries of important concurrences and dissents studied in class. Finally, remember to include notes about the specific points that your professor has noted are important and your professor’s personal interpretations of the law, which may be more helpful on an exam than the general rules that you may find online or in commercial study materials.

Justia provides outlines of key cases for over 30 law school topics, which contain links to the full text of each case. These outlines may be helpful in preparing notes and studying for law school exams.

Once you have completed your attack outlines, you may want to put them to the test by taking at least one practice exam and timing yourself. You will learn not only whether you need to include different information in your notes, but also whether the length or format of your mini outlines is slowing you down.

What is the best way to answer a law school exam question?

While law school exam questions will vary in style and structure, especially for advanced courses, many of these questions are posed as hypotheticals that students must analyze. You may have already heard of the “IRAC” formula: I ssue, R ule, A pplication (or A nalysis), C onclusion. The best exam answers will typically follow a rough outline of this formula, with students identifying each relevant issue contained within the question, correctly recognizing the rule(s) of law implicated, applying the rule of law to the issues, and drawing a clear conclusion based on their analysis.

A student’s issue-spotting section should be little more than a recitation of each issue that the student will address. In the rule section, a student should strive to synthesize a clear rule based on the many cases and resources studied in class. It may be helpful to have already written such a rule in an attack outline in preparation. Students should be careful to save all of their analysis for the application section, where professors are likely to be looking for a few key points. The best students will often also include the caveats or arguments that go against their analysis and distinguish them. Finally, in the conclusion section, a student should be sure to write one clear sentence stating their conclusion and reiterate their issue, rule, and application sections very briefly. Students are sometimes taught to begin their conclusion with “probably yes” or “probably no,” acknowledging when their application may be subject to interpretation or they are lacking sufficient information.

In addition to IRAC, some students are taught “CREAC”: C onclusion, R ule, E xplanation, A pplication, C onclusion; or “TREAT”: T opic sentence, R ule, E xplanation, A pplication, T opic sentence. These formulas are more or less the same and should be used only if required by professors or genuinely helpful to students. Otherwise, clear and organized answers, in whatever form, are best.

The best way to answer a law school exam question is to be as clear and organized as possible. Most students should avoid legalese and superfluous phrases. Outlining answers before answering in full may help students keep themselves on track. They may also find success with using introductory paragraphs, topic sentences, and descriptive headings to distinguish each section of an answer.

How are law school exams graded?

There are many different ways in which a professor may award points for a law school exam question. One professor may give equal weight to each IRAC section, while another may award the majority of points only when a student arrives at the correct conclusion. Some of the nicest professors will actually note, either before the exam or within the exam, how many points each question is worth and how they recommend that students divide their time. It doesn’t hurt to simply ask your professor how they grade exams during class or their office hours. If in doubt, it will likely pay off to give the most attention to your application section.

What are some common mistakes that students make in exams?

The biggest mistake that students can make is assuming that they do not need to prepare for open book exams or neglecting to ask their professors questions. However, even prepared students can make mistakes. One mistake that new law students commonly make is misreading the “call of the question.” The “call of the question” refers to the specific question that the exam is asking the student to answer. While this may seem obvious, law school exam questions, especially hypotheticals, can be extremely long and complicated. Some exam questions even include completely irrelevant information. If a student is not careful, they may end up answering a question not even posed by the exam. Many students find it helpful to highlight or underline the call of the question (there may be more than one!) as they read and to double-check that they have answered it by the time that they are finished drafting.

Another mistake that some law students make is not showing their work. Much like math teachers, many professors will award partial credit when students show their work, even if they do not arrive at the correct conclusion or run out of time answering. One way that a student can show their work is to mark up the question sheet. For example, a student may circle or underline each issue that they spot in a question and outline their answer on the question sheet or within the answer box. If the student then runs out of time or forgets to include something in their answer, a professor may award partial credit. It may be a good idea to mark up each exam question and outline all of your answers before going back to write them out in full.

Is there a difference between law school and undergraduate essay questions?

Undergraduate essay questions are often answered with a recitation of information learned throughout a course, with little of a student’s personal additions. However, law school essay questions are best answered not by regurgitating rules and cases, but by taking the rules that may be extracted from the materials studied in class and continuing your analysis by using the same strand of logic. While it is important to demonstrate to your professor that you can identify the relevant issues and rules, it may be more important to show that you can think like a lawyer by fully analyzing a legal situation.

Last reviewed October 2023

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182 Constitution Essay Topics & Examples for Students

Searching for perfect constitution essay topics can take a while. We did this job for you, so now you can check our compilation of 89 constitutional issues topics in this article

🏆 Best Constitution Essay Topics

👍 good constitution essay topics for students, 💡 most interesting constitutional issues topics, 🎓 good research topics about constitution, ❓ essay questions about the constitution.

• Similarities and Differences between Articles of Confederation and Constitution – Compare and Contrast Essay In both, the laws are made by the legislature, whereby the articles of confederation have only one house which is referred to as Congress, and the constitution has got two houses.
• The Framing of the US Constitution In addition, the UK put these ideas to enhance the fusion of powers, unlike the USA, which framed the constitution to enhance the strict system of separation of powers.
• The Efforts and Activities of the Paparazzi are Protected by the Freedom of the Press Clause of the Constitution The First Amendment of the American constitution protects the paparazzi individually as American citizens through the protection of their freedom of speech and expression and professionally through the freedom of the press clause.
• Why Is the Bill of Rights Important Today Essay The bill of rights is one of the basic provisions of a given constitution and it spells out the rights and freedoms of all the citizens of a given nation.
• Aspects of Arizona Constitution Below the attorney general is the treasurer, while the superintendent of public instruction is at the bottom of the ladder. I believe that the current qualifications for members of the plural executive in Arizona are […]
• Democratic and Undemocratic Elements of the Constitution The judicial arm, also known as the Supreme Court, functioned to establish the jurisdiction of particular cases under the US judicial system; the disposition of convicted prisoners; and the production of evidence and testimonies as […]
• The Border Security Tax and Violation of the U.S. Constitution One of them is known as “taxation without representation,” and its applicability to the case is conditional upon the attempts of the president to make Mexico pay for the prospective wall construction.
• Notwithstanding Clause in the Canadian Constitution In such a case, a legislator might refer to the notwithstanding clause and justify the priority of the collective majority’s rights over individual rights and freedoms of the citizens.
• Democratic Principle: The Constitution of the US The two major democratic principles are closely interrelated and the parties involved into them can actually change places from time to time: the minority has the right to become the majority, thus the latter becomes […]
• Uncodified Constitution of the United Kingdom According to Oxford Dictionary of law, “constitution” is defined as “the rules and practices that determine the composition and functions of the organs of central and local government in a state and regulate the relationship […]
• Double Jeopardy: The Fifth Amendment to the Constitution This therefore means that punishment will only be done ones and in case the offender is tried again, it will be considered as double jeopardy.
• Canada’s Constitution and Its Surprising Aspects The peculiarity of the Canadian Constitution is that it includes two parts, namely: written, which consists of separate judicial precedents and legislative acts, and unwritten in the form of agreements and established legal customs.
• Purpose of Government and Preamble of Constitution The Preamble distilled the objective of the Constitution. Under the Constitution’s Preamble, the government establishes the laws of the land.
• The US Constitution Ratification Dispute Moreover, the anti-federalists argued that the citizens would not be able to participate in administration because of the undemocratic nature of the Constitution.
• Should the Texas Constitution Be Reformed? The structure of the Texas Constitution is quite intricate, and its text is one of the longest in the United States.
• US Constitution and International Law & Policy In international law, popular sovereignty takes on the concept of state sovereignty, which is the ability, power, and immunity of a state or territory to make autonomous choice.
• Aspects of the U.N. Charter and the US Constitution As well-established, the US Constitution is the document that defines the national frame of government in the United States and serves as the supreme “law of the land” being the foundation of US legislation and […]
• Constitution Changes After Pandemic He is a writer who has authored books on legal representation of the low-standard people, the politics of Texas, and the election of judges, among others. Therefore, the issues of vaccination and the related constitutional […]
• The Conception of the American Constitution In the years following America’s victory for independence in 1776, the country was ruled by a small Confederate government consisting of a Congress bound by the Articles of Confederation.
• The Articles of Confederation and the Road to the Constitution The question of the abolition of slavery only received the beginnings of discussion thanks to the representatives of the North, but for the most part, the aspect of taxation and the counting of servants in […]
• Constitution of Trusts and Gifts The law defines capacity as the capability to understand and retain information relating to the decision and to weigh it in balance when making a decision.
• The New Jersey Constitution: The Protection of the Rights of Citizens The constitution of each state enshrined provision for the protection of individual rights of citizens, which also applies to New Jersey.
• The 13th and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution The abolition of slavery across the state has impacted U.S.history and the life of every American citizen, as this process initiated the restoration of individual freedom and nationwide democracy.
• Alan Westin and the US Constitution on Privacy The position of the Supreme Court in this regard is roughly consistent with this in the sense that it does not focus on privacy per se.
• The US Constitution: Creation Process The independence of the United States after the Revolutionary War began with the establishment of the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution that corrected the inefficiencies of the Articles of Confederation was created and established in […]
• Provisions of the Constitution of the United States and the State of Illinois It is also essential to mention Article Three of the Illinois Constitution, which established the suffrage of citizens and the right to elections.
• The Bill of Rights and the Florida Constitution The Constitution of the state of Florida is similar to the bill of rights, yet distinct in a variety of freedoms and protections it offers.
• Neil Gorsuch and the Constitution In the video, the main topic is the discussion of constitutional issues and the organization of state power. The executive branch monitors compliance with the correct execution of the law, while the judiciary relies on […]
• Ratification Process of the Constitution of 1787 The anti-federalists believed that the legal status of the states should remain high and that the states had every right to self-government.
• Shotoku Taishi’s Seventeen Article Constitution of Japan In that, just as the Lord, who is Heaven commands its subject, should obey, the people of Japan should pay heed to their imperial powers and submit to avoid harsh consequences, which are otherwise termed […]
• Personal Jurisdiction: The United States Constitution In reality, the court may reject a case for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction on the spot if the contents of the case transpire the limits of the court’s jurisdiction.
• US Constitution Changes Regarding Electoral College The first lens is the political lens, which is the understanding of the power relationship between those who possess the power and those who lack it.
• The Amendment of the Missouri Constitution However, the addition of the number of women seats according to the demographic sizes directly affects and influences almost every member of the community.
• Happy Coffee Shop: Draft Corporate Constitution Happy Coffee Shop has all legal capacity and power as provided in the Corporations Act (CA). This is the constitution of Happy Coffee Shop Propriety Limited.
• Cell Phone Privacy and the Constitution In this chapter, the authors investigate the concept of privacy and whether government employers’ warrantless searches may be considered reasonable and justified.
• Alexander Stephens on Slavery and Confederate Constitution The speaker remarks that the persistent lack of consensus over the subordination and slavery of the “Negro” between the South and North was the immediate reason why the Confederates decided to secede and establish their […]
• Resolving Disputes and the Constitution Yona Shamir outlines the positive aspects of mediation which include: 1) mediation largely helps in bringing to the forefront the main and contentious issues of the dispute due to the fact that it has the […]
• How Relevant Is the Constitution to Our Government Today? The original text of the Constitution was not perfect, and not even all delegates were ready to sign this document due to the lack of a bill of rights.
• U.S. Constitution, 17 September 1787 The Constitution is the supreme law of the US. It spells out the relationship between the ruled and the ruler.
• Ratifying the New American Constitution James Madison is believed to be one of the most influential people that the US has ever had, his Father was a plantation owner and he studied in the state of Virginia in the US.
• United Sates and Arizona Constitution Final Action: subsequent to both the House and Senate accepting a bill in the same shape, it is propelled to the president.
• Evaluation of the Constitution of the United States of America The Constitution of the United States of America is deemed as the supreme law. The Constitution grants rights to the nation of the United States.
• The Federalist Papers to Understand the United States Constitution The purpose of the federalist papers was to convince the people of New York to ratify the proposed constitution because most of the other states had already done so.
• Double Jeopardy Clause of the U.S. Constitution In as much as the constitution provides for a strict verdict pertaining to continuation of cases, Double Jeopardy Clause is not at all violated in this scenario.”Under the certain circumstances two state trials in two […]
• Analysis of the Constitution of the United States It is also the right of the accused to be informed of the right to call witnesses to support his case.
• National Security Within the Constitution On the other hand, the legislature has the mandate to formulate laws for the sake of citizens because they are representatives of the people; thus, judicial review of laws, which are passed by the legislature, […]
• Zoning Ordinance in Georgian Constitution, US The local government in Atlanta can be compelled by the court to justify the zoning ordinance if Irene Lopez can demonstrate that it has caused financial losses and contradicts public interest.
• Warrantless Search: The 4th Amendment to the US Constitution That is why it is now illegal for the officers to conduct a warrantless search if they are convinced that any time wastage would jeopardize their ability to succeed in making an arrest.
• The Australian Constitution and Council of Australian Governments The first requirement that should be met in the initialization of the process that sets the stage for the amendment of the constitution is prior notice.
• Appeal of Quebec Concerning the Constitution of Canada The appeal was directed at considering the veto set on the First Reference, by the Quebec Court of Appeal. 3 The answer of the Court of Appeal to the question was negative.
• Correctional Law: Amendments in the US Constitution In an incident in which the prisoner was searched by a female officer in the absence of a male officer while in prison, the Fourth Amendment of the prisoner was not violated, because the female […]
• US Constitution and Ruling of Loving vs. Virginia Such examples of the Main Law of the country and the Declaration of Peoples’ Rights violation as in the case of Dr.
• Constitution of the State of Georgia, USA In this regard, below, there is a proposition of a hypothetical modification of the Georgia constitution by the current situation in the United States and the world – for example, it is possible to propose […]
• What the Declaration and the Constitution Mean to Me For me, the Constitution is, first and foremost, the necessary complement to the core values of the Declaration: the notions of equality and irrevocable rights.
• Beard’s Interpretation of the Constitution The primary aim of the Constitution was to unite the nation and create a number of regulations suitable for all kinds of people, which is why the framers tried to reach compromises in every question.
• Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Review In the current board post, the question on what the 13th Amendment is and how it relates to ongoing free “slave” labor in U.S.prisons will be considered and discussed. The 13th Amendment to the United […]
• The Us Constitution: The Concept of the Lifetime Appointment The main motive for creating Article III was the desire to protect the judges of the Supreme Court from the need to participate in political events, which excludes their bias.
• Creation of Constitution and Bill of Rights The Articles of Confederation failed to unify the nation because in this document, the empowerment of the government of the United States was utterly limited.
• American Government Congress. Referring to Constitution Congress men and women therefore make every effort to attune business on the floor of the house to the perspective of their constituents.
• Courts Seeking the “Original Meaning” of the Constitution As a solution to any misinterpretation of the law, basically because of the probable fact that times have changed and that the original meaning may not make sense, there is usually room for amendments that […]
• Should Courts Seek Original Meaning of Constitution? It is therefore not in the interest of the people that the courts search for the original meaning of the constitution and apply it in deciding the cases involving the people.
• Is the Constitution Supportive of Today’s Democracy? Additionally, one of the dominant elements in most constitutions is the principle of democracy which refers to the government by the people for the people themselves.
• Origin and History of the Democratic Party and the Federal Constitution The acknowledgement of the USA independence by the Great Britain and the ratification of the treaty of peace of the 1783 at once led to the formation of schemes and the organization of factions, having […]
• 1910-1940 Mexican Political Development In this essay, I will discuss the causes of the Mexican revolutions, the major stages in the revolution, immediate and long term effects of the revolution, the constitution and the Presidents who served Mexico from […]
• Justice in America: Constitution, Laws and Reality The metaphysical essence of notions of justice, freedom and intellectual excellence in this country, directly derives out of European mentality and out of European sense of religiosity; therefore, these notions can hardly be thought of […]
• The American Constitution: Short History This makes the US constitution the oldest in the world, where 159 countries of the world had a constitution by the end of the 20th century.
• Britain’s Unwritten Constitution The issue of democracy in many states has led to a lot of criticism of the unwritten constitution in Britain because the disadvantages accompanying it are viewed to make it look bad.
• The Problem of the New Constitution: Eric Foner’s “Give Me Liberty! An American History” The ratification of the Constitution made the representatives of Antifederalists create the list of commentaries related to the new document adoption.
• US Political Science: Constitution Establishing justice is surely also the consequence of injustice that dominated the human and legal relations in the USA in the times of the British reign.
• South Africa: Human Rights in the Constitution The Bill of Rights serves as the foundation upon which the democratic character of the Republic of South Africa is built.
• The Progressive and California’s Changing Constitution According to the author of the aforementioned book, the issue lies with the lack of a proper leadership which would seek to revolutionize the current form of constitutional order by indulging in some of the […]
• Constitution and James Madison’s Influence on It Though, “the natural liberty” of an individual is argued in the work so that to find out the truth in evaluating the concept of freedom in the state supported by the Constitution in our case.
• US Constitution in the E-Commerce Context If we are speaking about E-commerce, one of the most stressful issues is the problem of privacy and confidentiality, because many people who prefer to operate in Web environment, try to make sure that their […]
• The U.S Constitution and National Security The rights of U.S.citizens to non invasion of privacy, unreasonable search and seizures, which are protected by the fourth and ninth amendments of the U.S.
• Formation of the U.S. Constitution Not only did the states have to approve, but also congress did not have the power to take appropriate measures to any state that failed to adhere to the stipulations of the treaty thus making […]
• James Madison and the United States Constitution The formation of the U.S.constitution was faced by challenges due to the existence of the federalists, who supported the constitution and the anti-federalists, who were against the constitution.
• The Constitution of the French Fifth Republic The standard process of constitutional amendment is as follows: the amendment must be accepted in equal periods by both houses of Parliament, they must be either accepted by a simple mainstream in a referendum, or […]
• Drug Testing and 4th Amendment of the US Constitution S Constitution on the drug prevention in the nation and it tries to judge whether legalization, decriminalizing drug use and drug treatment could offer a better solution to the issue of drug use and drug […]
• Montesquieu and the US Constitution The constitution of the United States says that, the power of legislation is vested upon a congress of United States, which consists of a senate and House of Representatives, the executive power is vested on […]
• Canadian Constitution Reform and Charlottetown Accord It was by the intervention of the supreme court of Canada which gave the ruling that the British parliament should pass the Canada act 1982 into law because the constitution applied to all the provinces […]
• Constitution According to Dworkin’s Theory We can observe the consequences of the accident, which appeared to be fatal for its victims; the involvement in the case where the emotional injuries are awarded is regarded from the theory of Dworkin.
• Government Amending the American Constitution The first reference to the use of a convention requested by the States is found in drafts of the Constitution kept by the Committee of Detail.
• Most Significant Amendments to the Constitution At the end of the 19th century, there was very little opportunity at the Constitutional Convention for Madison to support a bill of rights of the conventional sort.
• Texas Government and State Constitution With the thoughts of the civilian revolution still in mind, there arose a need to re-write the constitution that witnessed the creation of a constitution that devolved the powers of the government to the local […]
• Majority Rule in US Constitution and Policies The same document ensures that the majority is not able to infringe on the rights of the minority. The majority rule is the basic principle of U.S.democratic government, which rests on the assumption that policies […]
• Federal Constitution Pros and Cons He also opposed Brutus idea of a small state with absolute liberty and said that it was to be replaced by the bigger state under the confederation.
• The President’s Czars: Undermining Congress and the Constitution Rozell “The President’s Czars: Undermining Congress and the Constitution,” which elaborates a comprehensive definition of a czar, offers a history of the phenomenon, and provides analysis of the matter. The major part of the book […]
• The Preamble to the U.S. Constitution The Preamble is imperative to the constitutional development of the country because it establishes a certain set of goals that the Constitution is aiming to reach: “We the people of the United States, in Order […]
• American Constitution, Its Strengths and Gaps On the one hand, the primary goal of the document was achieved, as it defined the scope of the power of the new state.
• Why Blacks Are Not Mentioned in the Constitution? The fight for supremacy in the congress room was also one of the factors that led to the lack of inclusion of the blacks in the constitution.
• US Constitution as a Source of Contradictions It has to be mentioned that by the time when the Articles of Confederation appeared slavery on the territory of the United States was very popular and the majority of the most outstanding politicians such […]
• Social Inequality, Constitution, and Revolution Rousseau argued that in the past people had no hunger for individual ownership of the property until one person fenced a piece of land and claimed that the land belonged to him; after this, people […]
• Justifying the Bill of Rights: the US Constitution The constitution depends upon the process of amendment to guarantee personal freedom and the nature of the adaptability of the constitution.
• Intrastate Commerce Law and the US Constitution Due to the fact that the interest of the state is higher than that of the country, the statute is thus regarded as unconstitutional since it affects the commerce of the states.
• Articles of Confederation and Constitution of the US Drafted in 1776 and ratified on 1 March 1781, the Articles of Confederation was the first constitution for the government of the colonies.
• United States Constitution and Criminal Procedure The view of the role of the judiciary and the rule of law in society is also provided in the paper.
• Affirmative Action and South African Constitution The police service argued that the National Commissioner had been justified in his decision because he was following the Employment Equity Plan and that since making appointments was his prerogative, he was not bound by […]
• Flag Desecration: US Constitution Amendement 21: “A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States authorizing the Congress to prohibit the physical desecration of the flag of the United States”.
• The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution The original document contained all the provisions of the current legislation except the right of a defendant to get the services of a lawyer.
• Court System vs. the United States Constitution This meant that the judicial districts were matched to the state borders and supported the exploitation of the particular state’s legislation for the majority of court proceedings in the area.
• The United States Constitution and Criminal Justice The legal principle called the Exclusionary Rule is the result of the Supreme Court interpretation of the constitutional right of the United States citizens to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures.
• Reasons Why Britain needs a Written Constitution According to Thompson, Britain is a prominent country in the European region, and in the whole world. A written constitution would, however, ensure the influence of lawmakers is kept in check and that avenues of […]
• The Rise of American Democracy: Influences of the Constitution The American constitution shares similar concepts of the importance of written documents, limited government and the citizen’s rights to modify government forms, should the government fail to act as the citizens recommend.
• U.S. Constitution Law’s Impact on Tanya’s Company For this reason, the state of confusion statue is unconstitutional and therefore, Tanya needs to find the court that has jurisdiction over this case and proceed to file a suit.
• The Constitution of China: the Shaanxi Province Position Thus, in spite of the fact Shaanxi Province was discussed during a long period of time as the centre of the conservative and revolutionary communistic forces in the country, today the governmental representatives of Shaanxi […]
• The Georgia State Constitution and Systems The two branches are the executive branch, which is composed of the governor, the plural executive, and constitutional boards and commissions, and the judicial branch composed of trial courts, appellate courts, and district attorneys and […]
• The Constitution and the African Slave Trade (1787) First of all, the document stresses the need to unite all the states with the purpose of unity of the people.
• The U.S. Constitution: Protection of Rights and Vagueness The premises for the provision of rights to every single denizen of the U.S.population can be viewed as the key asset of the Constitution.
• Confederation Articles and 1787 Constitution The article created slack independent states giving limited powers to the overall central government, the major weakness with this part of the article was that each state possessed a single vote in the house of […]
• The US Constitution Overview and Its Aspects In the constitution a lot of individual rights are mentioned and seem to be the top agenda in the composition of its text. The interpretation of the constitution should not be left to the politically […]
• US Constitution: Amendments, Agreements, Compromises The major agreement and compromises that were mainly discussed in the US constitution were the issue of slavery, and the content of the legislature.
• Government and Constitution of the United States of America The sharing of power is essential in the process of governance because government services are taken closer to the citizens and the citizens’ views are considered by leaders.
• The Constitution, Social Rights, and Liberal Political Justification Also, the critique investigates research designs and conceptualized results, which are quantifiable and assess the same in terms of relevance in the present application of the law.
• The Equal Rights in the U.S. Constitution In the first part of the article, the authors present the history of the debates on the topic, highlighting the main ideas expressed in favor and against of the ERA ratification in the U.S.
• The U.S. Constitution: Fifth Amendment While the Fifth Amendment applies to the rights of the accused to an attorney during interrogation, the Sixth Amendment is applicable after the indictment.
• Comparing the Articles of Confederation with the Federal Constitution The Articles of Confederation and the Federal Constitution agreed on the title of “The United States of America” as the official name of the newly united colonies.
• Title VII of the Constitution In the organization, article VII requires that the religious beliefs and practices of employees should be given priority over the interests of the company.
• Attorney General in Charter of Rights and Freedoms Cases Edwards argued that in an event that the attorney general represented the government in the Charter of Rights litigation, he had a constitutional duty to protect the interests of the public.
• The Constitution of Medina The constitution of Medina outlines a series of agreements that were drawn up in the first three years after the Hirja to end the differences between the people of Yatrib and the Muhajirun.
• Components of the American Constitution that reflect pluralis These intentions include the successful distribution of powers between the three arms of the government, which are the judiciary, the executive and the legislature, establishing a system of checks and balances and limiting the control […]
• Leadership and Constitution According to the United States constitution, the President is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Article 1, section 2 of the US constitution stipulates that the president has the power to appoint and dismiss high-ranking […]
• Objections to the U.S. Constitution of 1787 It is also observed that it was not representative a huge percentage of the populace was not guaranteed of representation of its views. The constitution even threatened the very existence of the states.
• Gay Marriages and US Constitution 37 % of voters in the United States of America are of the opinion that gays and lesbians should be allowed to marry legally.
• National Security and the Constitution The major causes of these contradictions include: The 1996 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [HIPAA], the Financial Services Modernization Act [FSMA] enacted in 1999, the Homeland Security Act enacted in 2002, information-sharing, national security, […]
• American Revolution and the Crisis of the Constitution of the USA In whole, the American people paving the way to independence have to face challenges in the form of restricted provisions of Constitution, wrong interpretation and understanding of the American Revolution, and false representation of conservative […]
• O’Connor and Sabato: “The Constitution” Chapter The authors of the book believe that the issue of slavery was one of the most important issues in the US legislature.
• History of Slavery Constitution in US The framers of the constitution did not tackle clearly the issue of slavery and they were compelled to make a temporary compromise in order to unite the states in the country.
• Thomas Jefferson and the Writing of the Bill of Rights and the US Constitution The important nature of the Declaration of Independence cannot be overstated; it was through the statement that the 13 colonies in America declared their independence from the British Empire.
• The Constitution in Public Administration: A Report on Education The constitution should be the overall law that governs issues and management of public institutions; in some instances, the constitution may have some bureaucracy that hinders efficiency among public administrators however it is normative that […]
• Presidential Powers in the United States Constitution The establishment of the senate, congress, electoral system, and limitation of the presidential term to four years is some of the systems that control presidential powers.
• Differences Between State of Nature, State of War and United States Constitution The state of the nature allows people the state of liberty to dispose of themselves or their possession in nobler instances. The nature of the state accords the jurisdiction to take law in the hands […]
• American Constitution as a Critical Component of American Government The American constitution is also a critical component of American government.[1] The constitution is used as the supreme law of the land since all other statutes operate below it.
• The Constitution of the US : Issues and Amendments The constitution of the US is the absolute law of the nation, which acts as a guide to the political culture of the Americans and the law.
• New Constitution of USA in 1787 Contrary to the Virginia plan, the New Jersey plan called for equal state representation in the congress regardless of the size of the state.
• Concept of Living Constitution in “Essential of American Government: Root and Reforms” a Book by O’Connor, Yanus and Sabato Therefore, the constitution had to be made in such a way as to allow its evolution in order to accommodate the needs of the society.
• Political Concepts: the New Kenyan Constitution In the article, the author suggests that the former president is the winner in the recently concluded elections because his political students made it to power.
• The Specifics of Society Genetic Constitution In other words, in order for a particular rich individual to be admitted to the ‘club’, he or she would have to prove the sincereness of its commitment to the existential values, shared by the […]
• Robert A. Dahl’s book – “How Democratic is the American Constitution” In this book, Dahl reminds the American society of the missing link in their constitution; a flaw that makes the sacred draft unqualified as a basis for the country’s democratic system.
• Killing Someone Without Going Against the Constitution Elder and Terkel illustrate that “if the death penalty is not abolished, the population of death row inmates in the US will exceed 4,000 by the end of the decade”. This confirms the fact that […]
• Does the Constitution represent a fulfillment or a betrayal? The term federalists in American history mainly referred to two instances and in the first case the term is used to refer to the public figures or statesmen who made the ratification of the proposed […]
• The Constitution and Civil Liberties It grants rights and freedoms namely, freedom of religion, freedom of press, and freedom of speech, among others. It also provides rights to equal protection, freedom of conscience, opinion and religion, as well as speech […]
• The United States Constitution The United States’ constitution is a legal framework that anchors several amendments and provisions in view of evolving legal issues of governance in the modern world.
• The Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others.are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment”.
• Declaration of Independence – Constitution Thirteen to 22 abuses describe in detail the use of parliament by the King to destroy the colonies’ right to independence.
• Role of the American Constitution in America’s Political Process In analysing the power of the constitution when defining the American political landscape, this study will evaluate the role of the constitution in establishing checks and balances in government from an analysis of the senate, […]
• On the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution The freedom that Americans experience comes at a price because there are conflicts and problems that arise from the interpretation and implementation of the First Amendment, however, many legal experts are saying that it is […]
• Constitution and Government System Federalism is the embryonic rapport “between the states and the federal government of the United Stases”. The powers of federal administration are officiated in the constitution and the rest belong to regional governments.
• Constitution Ethical Issues However, the United States constitution has put checks and balances in place in order to ensure that in maintaining law and order, the police officers respect the rights of the populace.
• The Right to Bear Arms in the US Constitution The research paper seeks to explore the Right to bear arms and the Right of search and seizure as stipulated in the US constitution.
• How the Constitution Applies to Being a Military Leader/Officer On the other hand, it must be mentioned that though it is the duty of the military to protect the Constitution it is only through the Constitution itself and its various amendments that the military […]
• The Relevance of the US Constitution The principles which are presented in the Constitution of the USA are the significant components of the Americans’ national identity. These associations are the results of the country’s policy which is based on the principles […]
• US Constitution Reflections on the First Amendment Paper The first amendments made on the constitution of the United States of America in the year 1789 concerned the bill of rights.
• How Did the Constitution Attempt to Correct the Flaws of the Articles of Confederation?
• Does the Constitution Forbid Religious Displays on Public Property?
• How Did Abraham Lincoln Shed the Constitution to Become the Greatest President the Nation Has Seen?
• Did the Constitution Intend for a Multi-Party Political System?
• How Does Constitution Affect Arizona?
• Does the Constitution Guarantee the Right to Clone?
• How Did the Constitution Cause Our Nation?
• Should Courts Seek the Original Meaning of the Constitution?
• How Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny?
• Does the Constitution’s Fourth Amendment Protect Information Contained in a Paging Device?
• How Did the Constitution Set the Precedent for the Civil War?
• Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny?
• How Did the Framers Create the Constitution?
• Does the U.S. Constitution Need an Equal Rights Amendment?
• How Did the Nineteenth Amendment Come To Be Part of Our Constitution and Why Was It Significant?
• What Is the Role of the US Constitution and the US Legal System in Business Regulation?
• How Did the U.S. Constitution Cause Separation?
• Does the U.S. Constitution Stand the Test of Time?
• How Does Digital Evidence Affect the Digital Constitution Act?
• Did the Constitution Contribute to the Failure of the Union It Created?
• How Does the Australian Constitution Empower the Commonwealth Parliament to Make the Most of the Country’s Laws?
• Does the Constitution Define Marriage?
• How Are Abortion, Freedom, and Corruption Depicted in the Constitution’s Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments?
• Should Banning Same-Sex Marriages Be in the US Constitution?
• How Does the Constitution Affect Governance Today?
• Should Terrorists Have Miranda Rights Based on the Constitution?
• How Does the Constitution Effectively Protect Freedom?
• Should the UK’s Constitution Remain Uncodified?
• Why Did the United States Dump the Articles of Confederation for the Constitution of 1787?
• What Were the Most Important Weaknesses of the Weimar Constitution?
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

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Chapter 14: How to Conquer Remedies on the California Bar Exam

Remedies on the california bar exam.

Remedies is regularly tested on the California Bar Exam and is often combined with other subjects. The California Bar Exam often tests Remedies in the same way. In fact, some Remedies essay questions are nearly identical to one another!

Here, we tell you how to approach Remedies on the California Bar Exam, including some of the highly tested issues in Remedies questions.

1. First, know how Remedies is tested. 

California has virtually always tested general law (rather than California law) on Remedies questions.

When answering Remedies essay, it is helpful to determine the claim that might be raised as well as any remedies that the party might seek. Discuss legal, restitutionary, and equitable remedies. Be sure to analyze legal remedies prior to analyzing equitable remedies. Note that Remedies fact patterns often will specifically ask about the remedy, remedies, or relief that could be granted. Those are your cues that a Remedies issue is being tested.

Remedies is often tested on its own but is sometimes combined with another subject, such as Contracts, Constitutional Law, Torts, Evidence, and/or Professional Responsibility. Note that sometimes Remedies issues appear in Torts and Contracts questions even though the examiners do not classify the question as a Remedies question.

2. Be aware of the highly tested issues. 

The State Bar of California tests certain issues repeatedly on Remedies questions. (We have a nice summary of these in our  California Bar Exam One-Sheets!)

Some of the most highly tested Remedies issues on the essay portion of the California Bar Exam include the following:

• Compensatory damages, punitive damages, and restitutionary damages in tort: Compensatory damages look to the harm done to the plaintiff and seek to put the plaintiff in the position they would have been in had the tort not occurred . Putative damages seek to punish the defendant and deter future conduct by the defendant or others. Restitutionary damages seek to avoid unjust enrichment by the defendant by allowing the plaintiff to recover the value of the benefit conferred on the defendant.

• Temporary restraining orders (TROs) and preliminary injunctions: (These are tested together so, if you see one, discuss the other!) TROs are emergency orders issued before a preliminary injunction to maintain the status quo until a hearing for a preliminary injunction can be held. The moving party must show that they will suffer an irreparable injury before a preliminary injunction can be obtained and a likelihood that they will prevail on the merits of the underlying claim.

• A preliminary injunction is granted before a full trial on the merits takes place. Courts consider four factors when deciding whether to grant a preliminary injunction: (1) h arm (the danger that the party seeking the injunction will suffer irreparable injury if the injunction is not granted); (2) courts will e valuate the risk if the injunction is not granted ; (3) l ikelihood that the party seeking the injunction will prevail on the merits; and (4) p ublic interest harm if the injunction is granted (mnemonic = HELP).

• Compensatory damages in contracts: Expectation damages are calculated as the loss of the value of the breaching party’s performance + incidental damages + consequential damages – expenses saved as a result of the breach.

• Incidental damages are those that relate to avoiding the loss from the breach. Consequential damages are those that a reasonable party would have foreseen at the time of entry into the contract.
• Specific performance in contracts: Instead of receiving money damages, the buyer will receive what they contracted for . Specific performance may be available for land or unique goods .
• Equitable defenses: Unclean hands is a defense if the plaintiff is acting in bad faith with respect to the same transaction and the defendant has been harmed by the plaintiff’s wrongful conduct. Laches is an equitable version of a statute of limitations defense that is available if the plaintiff unreasonably delays in pursuing a claim and prejudice to the defendant results. These two defenses are tested repeatedly on Remedies essays.

3. Be aware of how to approach highly tested Remedies topics.  

If you look over past Remedies essays questions, you will notice some patterns.

For example:

• When specific performance is tested, the examiners are looking for the following information: Plaintiff must first show (1) a valid contract , (2) all conditions have been met and plaintiff has performed (or is ready to perform) under the contract, (3) the legal remedy is inadequate , (4) it is feasible for a court to enter a decree for specific performance, and (5) the defendant does not have any defenses . Examinees should briefly discuss each of these five things.
• When a constructive trust is tested, an equitable lien is virtually always mentioned with it (even if a constructive trust is the more appropriate remedy). Look at the July 2003 essay and February 2013 essay to see how similar some of these Remedies fact patterns are!
• Certain damages principles are tested repeatedly. For example, damages must be foreseeable and not speculative . The plaintiff must mitigate damages. And punitive damages are not appropriate in negligence cases.

Getting a general approach for what the examiners expect to see when certain issues are tested will help you maximize your score on a Remedies question.

4. Practice!

The best way to get good at Remedies essay questions is to practice writing answers to essay questions. This will help you become acquainted with how Remedies is tested and help you to master the highly tested issues.

Here are a few essay questions with student answers that we recommend you practice to get exposed to some highly tested topics in Remedies essay questions:

• February 2021 Remedies essay (combined with Contracts): this essay applies the UCC and covers contract formation, the Statute of Frauds, the perfect-tender rule, warranties, revocation of acceptance, expectations, compensatory damages, and rescission (see essay question #2 on the exam).
• July 2017 Remedies essay: this essay applies general law and covers TROs, preliminary injunctions, specific performance, unclean hands, misrepresentation, and unilateral and mutual mistakes (see essay question #3 on the exam).
• February 2017 Remedies essay (combined with Torts): this essay applies general law and covers fraudulent misrepresentation, expectation damages, consequential damages, incidental damages, rescission, restitution, and punitive damages (see essay question #2 on the exam).
• February 2016 Remedies essay: this essay applies general law and covers rescission, mutual and unilateral mistake, unclean hands, laches, and reformation of contract (see essay question #4 on the exam).

Good luck studying for the California Bar Exam!

Go to the next topic, Chapter 15: Torts .

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Working with Multiple Choice Questions

Students often find answering multiple-choice questions more challenging than writing essay exams. In contrast to essay questions where there’s some leeway, you’re either right or wrong with multiple-choice questions. Moreover, because multiple-choice questions are such an integral part of the bar exam and have come to figure more prominently in law school exams, students must learn to master them.

What follows is a step-by-step process showing how to practice multiple-choice questions and what to do when one has been answered incorrectly.

When practicing multiple-choice questions, if you answer a question incorrectly, you must go back to that question and re-read it to reflect on what you were thinking the first time you read the question. Specifically, your task is to recreate your thought process, retrace your steps, and compare your reasoning in the two instances to find the flaw in your analysis. This may be the only way to figure out how you made a mistake. And until you know why you select wrong answer choices, you can’t make the necessary corrections. That’s why it’s essential — absolutely essential — that you answer only one question at a time when working with multiple-choice questions. If you try to answer more than one at a time, you won’t remember what you were thinking when you selected an answer choice with respect to a particular question.

How to proceed:

• Reading actively from the call-of-the-question and then to the fact pattern
• Finding the issue
• Identifying the rule that applies to the issue, applying the rule to the facts, and forming your own answer
• Translating your “answer” to fit an available “answer choice”

Read the explanation for the correct answer choice if explanations are available. Even if you answered correctly, you want to make sure that you did so for the right reason. If you got the “right” answer for the “wrong” reason, proceed as if you answered incorrectly.

If you made an incorrect answer choice, you must go back to the question and read it again, beginning with the stem. As you read, pay close attention to what you are thinking and compare what you are thinking now to the first time you read the question. As you proceed, ask yourself the questions I’ve outlined below and really, really try to answer them.

What’s most important in this exercise is the real-time feedback. If I were sitting with you while you were reading, I would stop you every 30 seconds or so and ask you to tell me what you were thinking. This process forces you to put into words exactly what’s going on in your head at the moment, something you’re probably not doing — at least not consciously — but that you must do it. That’s because the only way to identify if you’ve gone down a wrong path is while your thoughts are fresh in your mind.

You can learn to see why a thought is the wrong one to be having at the time by answering the questions I’ve posed for you below. Even though I’m not with you to lead you through these steps, you can do it for yourself by asking the questions I would ask:

• Look at the question stem: was my first answer choice one that answered the precise question that was asked?
• As I re-read the fact pattern, am I noticing facts that I overlooked the first time?
• Did I confuse the parties and that’s why I evaluated the problem incorrectly?
• Did I overlook legally significant words such as “reasonable,” “unexpectedly,” or “accurately”?
• Do I find my mind wandering as I read?
• Am I re-reading the same sentence because I have trouble remembering what I’ve just read?
• Start by examining your incorrect answer choice. Re-read it and ask yourself what led you to choose that answer.
• This requires that you go back to the fact pattern and see if you can find which words or facts led you to select that particular answer choice.
• Identify the basis for your answer. There had to be a reason — some basis you relied on for selecting that particular answer. We know it was the wrong reason, but we still need to know what your reasoning was at the time in order to step in and correct it at that point.
• Determine whether you “read into the facts” or added your own. This alters the nature of the problem. You must never “assume” facts. Your professor has carefully constructed the question to contain all the facts you need to answer the question. You must rely solely on these facts and no others. Of course you may draw reasonable inferences, but you cannot fabricate your own facts or create “what if” scenarios. Unfortunately, far too many students allow their creative side to surface when reading these questions, and they stray from the fact pattern.
• Don’t let yourself go off on tangents based on possible theories you see raised in the facts. Sometimes when you read a fact pattern, you’ll see the potential for a number of possible causes of action. Let the stem, or interrogatory for the question, guide your analysis.
• Sometimes you don’t “add” facts but see implications which have no basis in the facts. This leads you astray in your analysis as well. Let the facts dictate your direction.
• Am I disregarding an important exception and jumping immediately to the general rule?
• Am I not seeing the significance of the facts and that’s why I can’t identify the legal problem?
• Does this question require application of statutory law and not the common law? Did I disregard this before?
• Am I applying the minority view instead of the majority rule?
• Am I misapplying the rule to the facts?
• Am I “reacting” to answer choices instead of “acting” in response with an analysis of the issue presented?
• Did I get emotionally involved with the problem and substitute my instincts for what I know is legally correct?
• Did I become “practical” and replace the black letter law for what I thought would occur in actual practice?

If you answered “yes” to questions 1 through 7, then you most likely have a reading problem.

You therefore choose the incorrect answer choices because you’ve misread a fact either in the fact pattern or the answer choice. This is usually the result of sloppy reading because you’re intent on reading quickly rather than carefully. A hasty reader is likely to overlook the specific use of vocabulary and the significance of modifiers in the answer choices. These types of errors and omissions go directly to your reading of the problem, not necessarily to your knowledge of the substantive law or to your analysis of the legal question. In fact, your difficulties with reading may prevent you from getting to the actual problem in controversy.

If you’ve been able to identify your problem as one of reading, now you have a direction in which to work. You can and must learn to read questions “actively.” Because of time constraints on an exam, you may have time for only one reading of the fact pattern. However, you can’t sacrifice a careful reading for a quick one. You must read carefully to spot signal words and legally significant facts. Slow down and watch what happens. Train yourself to look for the following as you read and if you may write in your test booklet, do not hesitate to circle the relevant language:

• Relationships between parties that signal the area of law and legal duties: landlord/tenant, employer/employee, principal/agent, buyer/seller;
• Amounts of money, dates, quantities, and ages;
• Words such as “oral” and “written” and “reasonable” and “unreasonable”, among others; and
• Words that indicate the actor’s state of mind such as “intended,” “decided,” “mistakenly thought,” and “deliberately,” among others.

If you answered “yes” to questions 8 through 15, then you may have a problem with either application or the rule.

It’s often difficult to distinguish between the two problems because they are closely related in the dynamic of answering multiple-choice questions. Problems with analysis are process-oriented while problems with the rule are substance-based. But they can and do overlap as evidenced in these questions.

Analysis Problems

Conquering a problem with analytical skills not only involves close, accurate readingof the text, but it also requires exactness in following the structure of legal analysis in the context of multiple choice questions. This requires that as you re-read the question, you focus on answering the following:

Did you properly analyze the question?

• Did you begin by reading the stem?
• Did you identify the issue in the fact pattern?
• Did you move from finding the issue to forming your answer?
• Did you fill the gap from “your answer” to find one of the answer choices?

Did you properly analyze the answer choices?

• Did you identify the issue in each answer choice?
• Was the answer choice completely correct?
• Did the answer choice misstate or misapply a rule of law?
• Did the answer choice mischaracterize the facts?

The basic cure for reading and application-based problems is practice — lots and lots of it. There’s no real secret: the more questions you work your way through, the more careful and conscious a reader you become. In some ways, answering a multiple-choice question is more a science than an art but rigor in application of the method will yield favorable results.

Rule Problems

Let’s face it: if you don’t know the black letter law, you can’t distinguish between the answer choices. The key in analyzing the question after you’ve identified the issue is to articulate the rule of law that addresses that issue. If you don’t know the rule, you can’t get to this step. Remember, it’s not enough to know bits and pieces of rules or simply be familiar with the terminology. The only thing that works is complete and thorough understanding of the rule.

If you answered “yes” to questions 8 through 12, consider this: if you cannot summon to mind the relevant rule as soon as you’ve articulated the issue, then you must return to your notes and review the substantive law in detail. Your problem is with knowledge of the rules and you must be comfortable with answering the following questions as soon as you read a fact pattern:

• What is the legal problem presented by the facts?
• What area of law is implicated?
• What is the specific rule of law that governs under these facts?

On the other hand, if you answered “yes” to questions 13 through 15, then something slightly different may be happening, which requires a different approach. Let’s look at each one individually.

If you react instead of act:

When you find yourself “reacting” to answer choices instead of “acting” in response to them with a careful analysis of the issue presented, then some changes in procedure are required. This type of problem is basically one of control: because you’ve lost control of your thought process in analyzing the problem, you’ve placed yourself at the mercy of the answer choices. They then pick you, instead of the other way around. How do you act and not react to the answer choices? The answer is simple: formulate your own answer to the interrogatory before you even look at the answer choices. Practice questions this way until it becomes habit and you’ll see what a difference it makes.

If you ignore the rule:

If you find yourself substituting your instincts for what you know is legally correct, you’re headed for trouble. You must apply the rule of law to the facts without equivocation. You can’t get afford to get emotionally involved with the parties and let your sympathies interfere with what you know is legally correct. It’s not your place to find a criminal defendant not guilty when in fact her actions satisfy every element of the crime. Conversely, if an act doesn’t violate the provisions of a given statute, then whatever you happen to think about the nature of the act (or actor) doesn’t matter. It’s not a crime if the jurisdiction doesn’t make it one. Your job is to follow the law and apply it to the facts mechanically.

If you substitute “practice” for “theory”:

If you find that you become practical on exams and replace the black letter law for what you think would occur in the real world, then you’re going to end up with some incorrect answers. Your exam is not the time or place to become “practical” and consider what you think would happen in actual practice. Many students have defended incorrect answer choices to me by explaining “I know it couldn’t happen like that in practice. That’s why I didn’t choose that answer.” My response is that this isn’t “real” life. It’s a law school exam! This is not to say, however, that exam questions have nothing to do with the practice of law or the “real rules.” It’s just that in law school, we are studying and working with the theoretical rule of law and what should be, not necessarily what is. When answering a question from your professor, apply the rule of law as you’ve learned it and you’ll be fine.

The Competition

We want to hear your opinions on the current Real World Questions being asked of lawyers, public and business professionals today.

Choose one of the three questions below and write an essay that argues the differing views across the industry. Be inquisitive, research to expand your knowledge in the area and develop key skills that will help you achieve your ambitions.

We have given possible ideas you may want to explore and provided resources to get you started .

Find out about The University of Law’s Real World Questions campaign by clicking here .

Does the world need more entrepreneurs?

Things to consider:

• What is entrepreneurship?
• Do individual people make a business succeed?
• What role does Organisational Structure play in the success of a business?
• To what extent do People and Dynamics influence a thriving business?
• How much of a business’ success is due to Environment and Competitive Advantage?

Will stop and search protect or polarise our society?

Things to do consider:

• What rights do police officers have to stop and search under the Criminal Justice and Public Order act?
• Is stop and search effective in leading to lawful arrests?
• Are perceptions of stop and search affected by cognitive and/or implicit biases?
• What role does Procedural Justice Theory play in how society views stop and search?
• What role do future generations of police officers have?

How is Mental Health protected by the Law and is it enough?

• What does ‘Mental Health Disorder’ mean under the Mental Health Act?
• What rights do patients with Mental Health Disorders have?
• How does the Mental Health Act operate to protect people with Mental Health Disorders?
• How do Human Rights interact with the Mental Health Act?

Why should you take part?

Develop key study skills for future study (Researching, referencing and essay writing)

Support and enhance your current study (subject area and EPQ)

Strengthen your Personal Statement and CV

Gain professional knowledge

2021 Law winning Essay

Click the icon to download the winning essay for 2021 in the Law category.

2021 Business winning Essay

Click the icon to download the winning essay for 2021 in the Business category.

2021 Criminal Justice winning Essay

Click the icon to download the winning essay for 2021 in the Criminal Justice category.

Find out what our winners have to say

Hear from our 2021 winners on their experience; how they felt receiving their first prize awards, their cash, laptops, mentoring and work experience placements

Entry instructions

How to enter.

The competition is open to all students studying in years 10-13. See the entry page for more details and to submit your essay. Don’t miss out, the closing date is 18 September 2022.

Choose a title

Judging criteria, terms and conditions, meet the judges.

Our judging panel draws from a wide range of backgrounds and expertise. Click below for details of our eight judges.

Director of Employability, University of Law

John watkins.

Campus Dean, University of Law

Lawyer and Project Coordinator at Deutsche Bank

Chris miller.

General Counsel, Food and Ventures, the Co-op

Gill gardner, the university of law.

What really sets us apart from other universities is the guiding principle that future lawyers and business leaders should learn in a realistic, professional and contemporary context, with plenty of practical interactive engagement. That's why we keep our contact hours high and our teaching groups small.

Our undergraduate courses   combine academic rigour with practical skills to provide you with the essential groundwork needed to begin your journey into a variety of careers. 

You can attend a variety of live virtual events that will help support your decision making around future career pathways.

Our track record of excellence in learning and development has helped us establish worldwide connections within the legal and business industries. More than 250 of our tutors are qualified lawyers and business professionals, all have extensive practical experience which they are able to pass on to our students. 

Find more about our staff and alumni competition judges here .

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Need a Good Free Law Essay Example and Some Topic Ideas?

Without a good law essay example and list of ideas that you may discuss, it is not that easy to write a good paper for this class. Before providing you with the list of possible law essay topics and writing tips, we would like to speak about how to write this essay in brief. We will have a look at the recommended structure.

Start writing with the introduction where you offer a specific legal issue to observe, its significance, and a thesis statement – your central argument stating your position towards the large problem. With the help of a transition, an author should move to the body part.

Prepare three body paragraphs. Every topic sentence should relate to the thesis statement. It means, by defending every claim, you defend a thesis. Every paragraph of the body should also include some vivid examples and supporting evidence collected from books, magazines, newspapers, videos, scholarly articles, etc.

End up with a powerful conclusion. Begin with paraphrasing the thesis statement. Then, briefly summarize and list the topic sentences from the body paragraphs. Offer some ideas for the implementation of problem solution or end with the forecasts for the future. Motivate the audience to continue the research. You may finish your work with something like a rhetorical question to leave a long-lasting impression and make your audience think about the significance of the research problem.

When it comes to defending your position towards a particular problem, you should write an argumentative or persuasive essay. The major difference is that you will also have to convince the people of your truth in the second case.

24 Law Essay Topics for You to Get Inspired

Now, we have divided all topics into separate categories for your ease. After all, there are many branches of law that you should not confuse. We would like to start with the category of law enforcement essay topics:

• The signs of gender discrimination in the police office and preventive measurements
• Do the representatives of law treat rich and poor citizens equally today?
• How should juvenile offenders be punished compared to adult offenders?
• How life-threatening is it to serve as a policeman in a rural area?
• The effects of corruption on the promotions up the police career ladder
• The possible consequences of marijuana legalization

Now, what is the first word that may come to your mind when hearing the term “law?” Many people associate it with “criminal.” Thus, criminal law essay topics are also very demanded:

• Can we call insanity defense a loophole for dangerous criminal elements?
• Gang crimes: exploring and assessing the effectiveness of laws against gang crimes
• Can high school bullying be considered a severe type of crime and punished respectively?
• Describing the field work of the criminologists: from the beginning to nowadays
• Is it possible to achieve full privacy in the Internet age?
• The importance of reacting to criminal actions while off-duty

We deal with laws in everyday life. While buying something in the shop or crossing the street. That is why it might also be interesting to pick some law of life essay topics:

• Why are some US citizens more prone to breaking the law than others?
• Various laws of life for various species of animals
• What is the opinion of Christianity as the most popular religion of the world about the laws of life
• Achieving professional and personal objectives through a better understanding of the laws of life
• The consequences of violating the laws of life
• Living a rightful yet enjoyable life: possible or not?

Students who are enrolled in MBA programs face such subject as business law. They may find these business law essay topics useful:

• How non-disclosure agreements protect businesses in long runs
• The gaps and disadvantages of affirmative action programs
• Pros and cons of the proprietary and contract security
• The ways to avoid copyrights when trying to replicate a competitor’s service
• The advantages of being excluded from anti-trust laws
• The ways businesses prevent disastrous lawsuits when supervised by powerful leaders

There are more categories to think about and come up with. Stay original and try to raise questions that were not discussed by anyone else. Perhaps, watching the news and following the trends will help to get inspired. Now, it is time to have a look at admission essay for law school as well as the laws of life sample essay.

Free Law Essay Sample to Help You Have an Overall Picture

We have analyzed the winning law school admission essay samples to come up with the original one for you. There is no need to choose specific law school essay topics – it is about sharing your experience and skills along with giving some good reasons why you are the best applicant to become part of the law program. You may focus on the topic you know best of all, but do not forget to reflect your personality, academic achievements, life goals, and how you can contribute to the development of the legal community. Here we go with an example for you.

“I sat down today to write this essay in order to prove my sincere interest in the legal issues as well as my desire to become part of your large community. It is one of the numerous papers following the same format you will get, but I am sure that my skills and experience will impress you more than others.

All of my life my dad who worked for the local police office impressed upon me the need to obtain a higher education. In 1997, it all changed because of the death of my father. Perhaps, I could go through it and start living a new life. However, I could not as it was later declared as a murder. His colleagues were rather upset for having insufficient evidence to punish the guilty one. I promised myself that I will make his dreams to achieve justice for all come true one day, and that is why I am writing this application letter right now.

We live in an age when young women idealize Hollywood actresses and famous singers. Everyone, except for me. I think that show business does nothing in terms of protecting human rights. Being a part of the legal system is much more important nowadays. Women are no longer weak, and they have a right to join any field they want. My decision is to study law in-depth and obtain the corresponding degree in your Harvard Law School to improve our society.

As a child, I was trained by my father. He taught me the main principles of the legal system, the ways police officers work and even provided me with a worthy physical education. He was my main teacher, but my high school achievements and numerous internships also impress. Having a GPA of 3.9, I have an in-depth knowledge of many subjects related to law: psychology, political science, sociology, history, etc. I used to defend a dissertation in juvenile crimes before even graduating.

That is one of the law school personal statement sample essays which plays with the committee’s emotions, shows the pure interest in the program, and offers some evidence of the candidate’s competence. It is not finished, but you have an overall idea of how you can start your personal statement now.

As for the best law school essay examples of introduction, we decided to pick a specific topic and show how it works. Examine the piece below and think about a good start for your own work:

“After analyzing all possible forms of direct discrimination, I have discovered that direct age discrimination is, perhaps, the only type that can be justified on all levels. The motive for discriminating a human is never relevant or ethical. However, the recruiting side could increase the defense that the signs of discrimination were just a means of achieving a legitimate purpose. The Tribunal should study proportionality are distinct problems separately. It should define the balance between the consequences of discrimination and the initial business goals. If the person being fired because of age cannot continue their work as a result of health issues, the Tribunal can justify the decision of the Tribunal to continue such cooperation. The rest of my essay will prove that there should be a demand for the provision and it should be obviously important.”

That is one of the great laws of life essay examples. As the law, in general, is a rather contradictive discipline, you may always think about offering a debate and sharing your personal vision.

Need Help with Law Study Material?

After reading this article and reviewing the offered sample law school essays, you may still have some questions left. Receiving a custom paper written especially for you based on your requirements is always way better than having only a law essay sample. If you wish to impress your teacher or admission officer for sure, it is better to rely on our competitive team of writers with vast experience. We deal with all types of academic writing:

• Research papers
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Thus, if you have no time, lack sources, or have other obstacles on the way to perfect grade, feel free to contact our team at any time. We offer good prices, and we are available 24/7!

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Ready to Apply

Ready to apply to our j.d. program navigate through these links to learn about the application requirements, individual components, and more. , application checklist, timeline for applying, early decision program, academic record, standardized tests, personal statement & resume, optional statements, required addenda, letters of recommendation, application fee waivers, concurrent & combined degree programs, transfer & visiting status.

The application process begins when you visit the Law School Admission Council website , where you must establish an account, register for the Law School Admission Test (LSAT), and submit an application.

The following materials are required for an application to Berkeley Law:

• $75 non-refundable application fee. The fee cannot be used for processing applications to other law schools within the University of California System.

Continue reading to learn about each component in depth.

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Consult this timeline as you prepare your application. Although the application deadline is not until February, consider applying early as we have a rolling admissions process. 

This timeline does not include steps you may wish to take in the months leading up to the opening of the application. We highly recommend taking time to prepare for the LSAT, write several drafts of your personal statement, ask your letters of recommendation, and gather all of your required transcripts.

If you have researched your law school options thoroughly and have determined that Berkeley Law is your first choice law school, then you may wish to apply through the binding early decision (BED) application. Click on the graphic below to read about the requirements, benefits, and important dates for the BED application:

BED Application Overview

Berkeley Law’s early decision program is binding . If you are admitted, this means that you must commit to enrolling at Berkeley Law the following fall and that you must submit a Statement of Intent to Register (SIR) by the date indicated in your admission notification. No deposit will be required, but you must withdraw all other law school applications and not initiate any new applications. Early decision admission offers may not be deferred.  You must be completely certain that you will begin your legal studies at Berkeley in the fall of 2024.

To apply, complete the separate early decision application available beginning September 1 on the LSAC website. There is no application fee for the early decision program. 

You may not be an early decision applicant at another law school with a binding contract. If you elect to apply to Berkeley’s binding early decision program, then ours can be the only such application you submit.

BED Scholarship and Other Financial Aid

If you are admitted, you automatically will receive a  $90,000 merit scholarship , split evenly over the three years (six semesters) while at Berkeley Law. The only requirement to renew this scholarship is to maintain good academic standing and to make satisfactory academic progress.  If admitted, you should presume that the $90,000 associated scholarship will comprise your total gift aid.

You may apply for other named or programmatic scholarships, such as the Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship, however decisions for these programs, which are competitive, are not typically released until mid-March or later. If you anticipate that financial aid will be a significant factor in determining where you will attend law school, then you should consider carefully whether or not to apply to a binding early decision program. 

BED Timeline and Notification

Your application must be completed and submitted by 11:59pm PST on November 15, 2023 to be considered for the program. To ensure that your application is complete by that deadline, we strongly recommend that you submit an application before November 1, 2023. The October LSAT is the last test score that we will consider for early decision. If submitting a GRE or GMAT score, it must be taken by October 31, 2023 in order to be received in our office by the application deadline.

You will receive an admissions decision by December 4, 2023. If you are admitted, you will be required to submit a Statement of Intent to Register by December 8 and to withdraw all of your other law school applications immediately. 

If you are not admitted through early decision program, then your application will be included in the applicant pool for the regular decision process and you will receive an admissions decision at a later date.  No application fee will be required in these cases.

BED Certification Form

When you apply, you also must complete and submit the electronic Early Decision Certification form to confirm that you wish to be considered for early decision and that you understand the rules that govern the program. The certification must be submitted by November 15, and ideally by November 1.  Your early decision application will not be considered complete until we receive the certification form. 

If the certification form is not received by November 15, 2023, then we will assume that you have decided to withdraw from early decision consideration. Your application will not be held for regular decision. To be considered subsequently for regular decision, you will be required to submit a separate regular application and pay the $75 application fee.

Webinar on the BED Application

Members of the Admissions Team hosted a webinar on the application process for Binding Early Decision. While the dates are specific to the 2022-23 cycle, the main points remain relevant. The webinar is available below:

Academic Record and The CAS Report

It is through CAS that we receive: Your transcripts  from all undergraduate institutions attended and graduate programs (including foreign transcripts); transcript analysis; LSAT scores and score report(s); letter(s) of recommendation; and the LSAT Writing Sample. We may also receive as part of your CAS report information that contextualizes your performance prepared by LSAC with data they are provided by applicants. We are not able to receive any of this information in any other way; CAS registration is required and cannot be waived. 

You will be able to monitor your CAS status through the LSAC website ( LSAC.org ). CAS updates (for new scores, new transcripts, new letters, etc.) are sent to us automatically once you send us a first-time report.

What are we looking for in your academic record?

We want to know that you have the ability to succeed academically in law school. When we review your CAS report, we look at your cumulative GPA, but that’s only one factor. We also consider your overall undergraduate academic record. This will include the age of the grades, exceptionally high grades, the difficulty of coursework, time commitments while attending college, grading patterns at the school attended, and grade trends or discrepancies. Graduate work will be considered a “plus factor.” We do not have a GPA cut-off, so all are welcome to apply.

Additional Resources

Credential Assembly Service 

LSAC Transcript Summarization Policy

International Transcripts

Applicants to the J.D. program are required to take a standardized test for admission. We accept the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) or the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). For a limited group of applicants, mainly those applying for a dual degree, we may accept the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT). Please review our GMAT Policy f or eligibility criteria. 

The LSAT is typically offered eight times each year and can be taken remotely or at examination centers throughout the world. Registration, disability-related accommodation requests, and all other candidate services for the LSAT are managed entirely and led solely by the Law School Admission Council; Berkeley Law has no role in any aspect of the registration process, fee waivers, eligibility, or other determinations. 

The LSAT Writing Sample is a requirement to apply to Berkeley Law. It is your responsibility to ensure that you have a valid LSAT Writing Sample available by the application deadline. LSAC requires that you have at least one valid Writing Sample on file in order to issue a CAS report to a school.

LSAT scores are valid for five years. If you took the LSAT between September 2018 and January 2024, then you are not required to take it again (you have a valid and reportable score that we can consider). However, you must ensure that your CAS registration is current so that your test score(s) and transcripts are sent to us. 

The GRE and GMAT

For information regarding the GRE or GMAT, please refer to the specific testing agency. In all cases, we require a valid and reportable score in order to review and consider your application. Generally, scores over 5 years old are no longer valid and reportable. It is each applicant’s responsibility to understand when and how a testing agency will report a score and for how long it remains valid. Some will only report a score up to 5 years to the month when the test was administered, for example. 

Applicants applying with the GRE or GMAT must also send a CAS report to Berkeley Law. No application will be complete without a CAS report received from LSAC, and the associated CAS fee will not be waived by Berkeley Law. 

For the GRE, we will primarily consider your “superscore” when evaluating your candidacy. We do not draw parallels or calculate “comparable” percentiles or raw scores on the LSAT and GRE. Both tests are different and test different things, and scores on one or both will be viewed as distinct from one another.

Applying with Multiple Test Types

 If you have a valid and reportable LSAT score it will be seen and it will be considered in our review, even if you wish to be considered with “only” a GRE score. That LSAT score will flow in automatically from LSAC through the CAS report and/or CAS updates. You may write an addendum to provide context for score and performance differences . If you have a valid and reportable GRE score, we require you to send a score report to us (from ETS). Your GRE score(s) will be seen and considered alongside your LSAT score(s), even if you wish to apply with “only” the LSAT. We may consider your application incomplete without any/all applicable test scores.

Important Deadlines

The final dates by which you should take a standardized test will depend on which application you are submitting, and whether you are applying for the Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship (BLOS) award.

For Binding Early Decision applicants: Complete the LSAT or GRE by October 31, 2023.

For Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship and Public Interest Scholars applicants: Complete the LSAT or GRE by November 30, 2023.

For Regular Decision JD applicants: Complete the LSAT or GRE by January 31, 2024.

Process for Submission

LSAT: LSAT scores are sent to us by LSAC as part of your Credential Assembly Service.

GRE: If you have taken the GRE, please submit our GRE form upon submission of your application. Request that ETS send an official score report to Berkeley Law for each GRE exam you have taken in the last five years. Please use the Berkeley Law JD program school code 4818. Unofficial or student-provided ETS score reports will not be accepted in lieu of official score reports received directly from ETS. Berkeley Law will have access to your analytical writing essays through ETS. Applicants applying with only the GRE must send a CAS report to Berkeley Law. No application will be complete without a CAS report received from LSAC, and the associated CAS fee will not be waived by Berkeley Law. 

GMAT : If you intend to apply with a GMAT score, first confirm your eligibility to do so by reviewing our GMAT policy . You must fill out the GMAT form . Then, r equest that GMAC send an official score report to Berkeley Law. This report will include all active GMAT scores. Please use the Berkeley Law JD program school code: N2V-3S-66. Unofficial or student-provided GMAC score reports will not be accepted in lieu of official score reports received directly from GMAC.  Applicants applying with only the GMAT must send a CAS report to Berkeley Law. No application will be complete without a CAS report received from LSAC, and the associated CAS fee will not be waived by Berkeley Law. 

Full GMAT Policy and Rule Clarification

GRE Supplemental Form

GMAT Supplemental Form  

Personal Statement

You are required to submit a personal statement as part of your application. It should be limited to four double-spaced pages in 11 or 12 point font that is highly legible and with normal page margins. 

The thoughts and words contained in your personal statement must be your own and no one else should assist in its creation beyond basic proofreading or critiquing. This must be your original work.

Navigate through the following slides for some tips on writing a personal statement (note that there is no audio):

In addition to a personal statement we require that you include a resume. T here is no page limit, but generally two pages is adequate. The resume should include chronological information about your work experiences, extracurricular activities, honors and awards, volunteer experience, travels, and accomplishments.

Here are some suggestions for creating a law school resume:

• The resume is distinct from a C.V.; however, you are welcome to include information about research or any publications in your resume. URLs may be added, but don’t guarantee that a reviewer will visit those links
• Do not limit yourself to strictly law-related or professional experiences. However, do only add activities from college and beyond (no high school, please)
• You should not assume that the Admissions Committee knows what a particular organization does or what an acronym means, rather, you should explain these briefly or write out the full name
• Do NOT include: a personal photograph, other image(s), graphic(s), or art within your résumé, an objective, a separate list of “Key Qualities” or a “Personal Summary,” motto, or quote
• It is helpful to include the hours and dates you worked or volunteered, as well as your responsibilities – bullet points are perfect!
• For legibility purposes, please do not include multiple colors or fonts in your résumé, and please keep the font no smaller than 10 or 11-points for all text other than your name at the top. We suggest using a highly legible font such as Times New Roman, Arial, Garamond, Calibri, Cambria, etc. 

Webinar on Parts of the Application: Personal Statement, Diversity Statement, and Why Berkeley Law Statement

Webinar on Parts of the Application: Resume and Letters of Recommendation

In addition to your personal statement, y ou may choose to attach a response to one or more of the following questions if you feel the information would be helpful to us when considering your application.

Submission Instructions: In general, optional statements should be attached with the application on LSAC.org, or you can email them to us as a PDF attachment at [email protected] if you have already submitted your application. If you are submitting an “Interest in the Legal Profession” statement, please submit your video or written submission via the Kira platform. Additional submission instructions are included below and in the application. 

Interest in Berkeley Law

Tell us more about your interest in Berkeley Law. What makes our school a good fit for you in terms of academic interests, programmatic offerings, and learning environment? 

This essay is required if you are applying to the Public Interest Scholars Program.

350 word maximum

Academic Potential Addendum

If you do not believe that your standardized test score(s) or academic record accurately reflect your ability to succeed in law school, then you may tell us why and share what you believe indicates your potential.

Y ou may attach a copy of your SAT or ACT score report(s) to this essay, and we reserve the right to request score reports to verify statements made in this optional essay.

Perspective and Experiences

How will you (your perspective, experience, Voice) contribute to diversity in our classrooms and community? Feel free to address any factors or attributes you consider important and relevant. In the past, applicants have included information about characteristics such as: race/ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, disability, socioeconomic background, first generation college or professional school student, student parent, re-entry student, geographic diversity, ideological diversity, and others.

500 word maximum

Interest in the Legal Profession (Video Submission Option)

Looking beyond the four corners of your application, please share more about why you are applying to law school by answering one or more of the following questions: 

• What about you (your experiences, your values, your perspective, etc.) calls you to law school?
• How will you use your law degree with integrity, vision, creativity, and/or to innovate?
• What makes you hopeful, optimistic, or excited about entering the legal profession?
• How do you see yourself contributing to or advancing the public good as a lawyer, scholar, or advocate?

4 minutes, or 500 words maximum

For the optional statement, “Interest in the Legal Profession,” applicants are invited to complete this statement in an alternative modality: video submission. This is not an interview. It is another opportunity to share insight into your potential for study at Berkeley Law, and it gives you an additional tool (video recording) for the communication and presentation of that information. You may also choose to complete this statement in written format.

Optional video statements, as with all statements, are unscored and intended only to augment your application. While we will consider the information shared and will use it within our holistic review of your application, no value will be assigned to whether you choose the written or video format .

Candidates will submit this statement via a free, third-party platform called Kira. You will receive a custom link to the Kira platform after submitting your Berkeley Law application on LSAC. The Kira platform will allow you to respond to the prompt either via video recording or in writing and provides comprehensive support and trouble-shooting. Please only submit your response through the Kira platform; written or video “Interest in the Legal Profession” statements sent separately will not be considered.

Additional addenda or essays may be required in certain instances (e.g., if you are applying to certain scholarship programs). Required addenda are attached with the application on LSAC.org, or you can email them to us as a PDF attachment at [email protected] if you have already submitted your application. 

Character & Fitness Explanation

If you answer “Yes” to any of the character and fitness questions in the application, we require that you attach an addendum explaining the circumstances. If your answer to any of the character and fitness questions contained in this application becomes affirmative after you submit your application, you are required to notify the Admissions Office in writing. Failure to disclose and/or notify us will result in the revocation of your offer of admission. In addition to a Bar examination, there are character, fitness, and other qualifications for admission to the Bar in every U.S. jurisdiction. Applicants are encouraged to determine the requirements for any jurisdiction in which they intend to seek admission by contacting the jurisdiction. Addresses for all relevant agencies are available through the National Conference of Bar Examiners. 

Note that an affirmative answer to any of these questions does not necessarily preclude or even prejudice admission to Berkeley Law. Your answer will be reviewed on an individual basis in relation to all aspects of your experience, academic achievement, and potential. Individuals may be strong applicants and passionate contributors to classroom discussions not in spite of their past engagement with the criminal justice system, but because of those experiences. We regularly admit, enroll, and graduate law students who have responded affirmatively to questions in this section.  

Our character and fitness questions do not represent all the possible questions, topics, or considerations a state Bar might inquire about or require you to disclose, or for the law school to disclose in the course of the Bar certification process. Admission to our law school does not suggest or ensure eligibility for, nor guarantee, admission to any state, federal, or other Bar.

If you would like more information or resources for navigating these questions or attending law school as a justice-system impacted person, contact our office. We are also available for individual advising appointments.

Scholarship Essays

There are three named scholarships that candidates can apply for in the application. If you are applying for any of these scholarships, you must include the required essay(s) by the deadline.

Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship

You are required to submit a one to two page essay addressing the following prompt: How do you think being a first generation college student has shaped your perspective, and how will that perspective contribute to the Berkeley Law community and the broader legal profession? The essay can discuss content from your personal statement or Perspectives and Experiences statement (if included), but should be a unique, independent essay specifically addressing your identity as a first generation college graduate. You may wish to discuss any obstacles you have faced on your journey to law school, contributions to your community, history of leadership or advocacy, and what kind of impact you hope to make at Berkeley Law and in the greater legal profession. Deadline: December 15

Public Interest Scholars Program

To be considered, you must submit a “Why Berkeley Law” statement that expands upon your interest in Berkeley Law’s public interest offerings. Please be sure your application materials, such as your personal statement and resume, reflect your interest, experience, and commitment to the field.  Deadline: December 15

Hyundai-Kia Scholarship

An additional 1-2 page essay is required to be considered for the Hyundai-Kia Scholarship. The applicant should describe why they believe they are a strong candidate for the award, their relevant educational, leadership, and professional experiences, and their career goals. In addition, if the applicant is an immediate family member of an employee of Hyundai or Kia Motors they must self-identify as such in this essay. (This disclosure does not preclude their consideration for the award.)  Deadline: February 15

We recommend submitting 2 academic letters of recommendation and one from a non-academic source (work experience, volunteer, etc.). Applicants who have been out of school for a number  of years (usually 5+ years) may substitute professional letters of recommendation for academic letters.

You may submit a maximum of 4 letters of recommendation total. In general, we do not complete applications with fewer than two letters of recommendation on file. If you wish for your application to be completed with fewer than two letters of recommendation, please contact us at [email protected] to make that request in writing.  We will not hold your application for review pending receipt of your recommendations provided that at least two letters are on file. If you want all of your letters to be considered in the review process, be sure that they are available with your Credential Assembly Service (CAS) report when you submit your application.

Letters of recommendation must be submitted through the LSAC Letter of Recommendation Service. Letters sent to us outside of the LSAC Letter of Recommendation Service will NOT be added to your application materials and will NOT be considered when evaluating you for admission. Do not direct recommenders to email us letters or messages regarding your application status, interest, qualifications, etc. Check out this quick video for everything you need to know about letters of recommendation:

A need-based fee waiver program is administered by the Law School Admissions Council (LSAC) that includes w aivers of the LSAT registration, Credential Assembly Service (CAS), and other fees. Information and the fee waiver application form is available on the LSAC website. You should act early to obtain a waiver; we will not extend application deadlines based on the timeline for LSAC’s fee waiver review process.  If you obtain an LSAC fee waiver, our application fee will be waived automatically when you apply. 

Berkeley Law fee waivers are online application-based or may be sent to candidates directly by the school after being identified through the LSAC Candidate Referral Service (CRS). CRS is an LSAC service that is “opt-in,” and questions about that process should be directed to LSAC.

Berkeley Law offers a separate fee waiver program for applicants who participated in a program that is included in one of the three broad categories listed below. If you believe you qualify, submit a Berkeley Law Fee Waiver Request Form (opens on Sept 1) and be sure to attach proof of your participation:  

• Honors/Research ( e.g.,  Fulbright, Truman, Rhodes, Marshall)
• Public Service ( e.g.,  Teach for America, AmeriCorps, Peace Corps, current military or veteran)
• Educational/Socio-Economic Disadvantage ( e.g ., CYDL participant, Gates Scholar, Pell Grant recipient)

Details and a list of qualifying programs are found on the  form . If your request does not fall under the categories above, please see the form for further instructions.

LSAC Need-Based Fee Waiver Application

LSAC Candidate Referral Service (CRS)

Berkeley Law Fee Waiver Request Form (Opens September 1)

The deadline to submit either fee waiver application is 5pm PDT on January 1, 2024.  Applicants who do not receive a waiver or who miss the deadline must pay the fee.

Students who wish to examine the law in an interdisciplinary context may arrange to pursue a J.D. degree at Berkeley Law School and a master’s degree in certain other schools or departments within or outside of U.C. Berkeley. Dual degree seekers must apply separately and be admitted to each program. The application and review process are the same for dual degree seekers. For more information and FAQs, see our Concurrent and Combined Degrees Programs page . 

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Interesting Criminal Justice Essay Topics: Great Help From Experts

Criminal Justice Essay Topics: How to Write a Perfect Paper?

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Another well-known fact is that the list of law topics for essays usually comes with some sort of a twist, so you have to dig deeper and find the cases to appeal to, court orders you can rely on and much more evidence to support your thesis. Criminal Law Essay Topics Like with any paper you ever have to write, the process begins with a topic. Having a list of criminal law topics for papers to choose from may be quiet overwhelming, if not to say depressing, especially if you have no idea where to begin or what topic to focus on, so here are our top pics of some great law essay topics you may like.

Our professional writers can create a criminal justice essay on any topics that are listed below! Interested? Visit our Buy Criminal Justice Essay page to learn more!

• A history of police corruption: The Colonial era
• Police corruption: The Victorian era to today
• Police ethics and criminal justice ethics
• Policing and social order
• Police corruption: Recent Cases
• Police recruitment and military
• The establishment of police in the USA
• The militarization of US police forces
• Cases of police brutality
• Funding for police departments: Pros and cons
• Police and the general public: Debatable issues
• Police’s role in social change
• Crisis intervention training: Cons and Pros
• Police and Community Relations
• Police Abuse in the American Criminal Justice System
• Homegrown crimes prevention
• Is predictive policing effective?
• A history of American policing
• Neighborhoods supporting community policing: Advantages and Disadvantages

• Mass incarceration and social control
• Social anthropology and criminal justice
• Social cohesion and criminal justice
• White-collar crimes and their consequences
• Social disorder and criminal justice
• Social ecology and abandoned peoples
• Guilt society and mind control
• Social engineering and criminal justice
• Social institutions and criminal justice
• Released criminals and their integration into the US society
• Social Changes in the USA: Problematic issues
• Crime theory: Basic principles
• Social class and crime: Key contradictions
• Rehabilitation and moralities
• New Prisons: Are they a must in the USA?
• Community service and criminals
• Racism in Today’s US Society
• Abortion vs. Adoption: Pros and cons
• The role of education in keeping a safe society
• Forms of Punishments in Today’s Society
• Justice as a Norm in Today’s Society
• Criminal justice, sociology & psychology
• Socio-economic background and crime
• Capital Punishment in Different Societies
• Legal prostitution: Burning issues
• Employment and crime: Key characteristics
• Race and crime: Problematic issues
• Causes of victimization
• Drunk drivers and the form of punishment
• Implications of criminal justice in the 21-st century
• Public shooting incidents and their consequences
• Background criminal check: Pros and Cons
• Criminalizing homelessness in the USA and the world
• Monetary fines and coercion in African countries
• Moral panic: A new danger or an ordinary issue
• Surveillance cameras: Pros and cons
• Gender-responsive versus gender neutral
• Rehabilitation and recidivism
• Gun control problem in the USA
• Incarcerated parents and their children
• The prosecution of children as an adult in the USA
• Children and online offenders
• Cyber-bullying and cyber-stalking
• Delinquency cases in children
• Crime prevention in children
• Human traffic on the Internet
• How to help abused children
• Parental abduction laws
• Bad parenting and juvenile delinquencies

• Fair treatment for women in jails
• History of county jails
• Jails throughout American history
• Prison System in the USA and the UK
• Prisons crowding: Essential specifics
• Restrictive housing vs. decongest prisons
• Imprisonment of women
• Abuse and addiction: Women in prison
• Economics of criminal justice
• Health care in prisons
• Human trafficking
• Prisoners as primary caregivers
• Procedural justice and the prison pipeline
• Reentry and reunification
• The criminalization of mental illnesses
• Addiction and imprisonment
• Prisons and public funding

• Death penalty: Pros and cons
• The injustice in the death penalty
• The death penalty in the USA
• The future of the death penalty
• Pros and cons of life incarceration
• Death Penalty: Ethical dilemma
• The death penalty and juvenile criminals
• Death punishment: World Practices
• Capital punishment in the earliest times
• Capital punishment in the United States Judicial System
• Justification for capital punishment in the United States of America
• Effects of race on sentencing in death penalties
• Capital punishment in the USA: To be or not to be?
• The origin of capital punishment
• Capital punishment and crime rates
• Capital Punishment: Way of execution
• The electric chair as the source of execution in Florida

• Racial profiling in the United States
• Racial profiling: Pros and cons
• Racism in the Criminal Justice System
• Racism in the U.S. Criminal Justice System
• Discrimination in the US Criminal Justice System
• Racial profiling: World practices
• Racial profiling and criminal justice
• Discrimination in the UK Criminal Justice System
• Discrimination in television shows
• Justice and systemic bias

• Drug use and criminology in women
• Women and recidivism
• Women and capital punishment
• Feminism and criminal justice
• The Criminal Justice System deals and sex offenders
• A sex offenders registry: Cons and pros
• Sex offenders and rehabilitation programs?
• Domestic violence and its prevention
• Domestic violence and law enforcement
• Gender stereotypes and criminal justice
• Date rape: How to avoid it?

• An analysis of conservatism in US politics
• Political crime: Absence of censure
• Political crimes: Recently disclosed cases

• Drugs and the US Criminal Justice System
• Drug Courts
• Rehabilitating drug offenders
• Drug testing at schools
• Cannabis legalization: Pros and cons
• Legalization of other types of drugs: World practices
• Marijuana legalization: Advantages and disadvantages
• Possible outcomes of legal weed

• Criminalizing juvenile behavior in the justice system
• Loitering and curfews
• Plea bargaining in the US justice system
• A common procedure in the UK justice system
• The code of ethics under the justice system
• The justice system and the entertainment industry
• A common procedure in the US justice system
• The justice systems in the US and China
• Encouragement/positive reinforcement in the justice system
• The goals of sentencing according to the justice system
• Underfunding and budget cuts in the US judicial system
• Mental health impact on the justice system
• Risk assessment within the criminal justice system
• Wrongful convictions: Prevention and consequences
• The Criminal Justice System in Frankenstein
• Privatization in the Criminal Justice System
• The Criminal Justice System in China
• The Criminal Justice System in the UEA
• Changes in the US Criminal Justice System
• The Criminal Justice System and the United States Constitution
• The Role of Evidence in the Criminal Justice System
• Plea Bargaining in the Criminal Justice System
• The Imperfect Criminal Justice System of the USA
• The Inequality of the American Justice System
• The Criminal Justice System in Asian countries
• The Role of the Criminal Justice System in society
• Homicide and Manslaughter in the Criminal Justice System
• The O.J. Simpson Case
• The insanity defense in the Criminal Justice System
• A Review of the US Criminal Justice System
• DNA Technology in the US Criminal Justice System
• The Criminal Justice System in the US and Norway
• Zealous advocacy
• The criminal defense attorney in the Criminal Justice System
• The Juries in the US Criminal Justice System
• Pro-bono lawyers: Debatable problems

• Juvenile Justice
• Juveniles and the death penalty
• Juvenile Courts
• Juvenile courts and their effect on repeat offenders
• Crimes prevention in juveniles
• Juvenile recidivism.
• Judicial corruption in juvenile courts
• Maximum sentences and juvenile offenders
• Street gangs
• Youth gangs
• Subcultures and criminal justice
• The Youth Criminal Justice Act

• Correctional Control: Comparing communities
• Correctional control: Parole, probation, and recidivism
• Addiction, felony, and lifetime correctional control
• Community corrections
• Realities of correctional enterprise
• Legislation, adjudication, and corrections
• Behavioral sciences and criminal justice
• Mothers, infants, and correctional control

• Forensic and the use of technology
• What is forensic science?
• Recent forensic discoveries
• A forensic pathologist: Pros and cons
• Forensic science
• Forensic psychology
• Criminology and public policy
• Criminal justice and criminology
• Marxist criminology: Citizens and the state
• Criminology: Plea bargaining
• DNA in forensic medicine
• Procedures at a scene of a crime
• Scene of crime officer: Key profession challenges

• Criminal Courts
• Problem-solving courts
• The Court Officer profession
• Judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys
• How is jury selection done?
• Citizen and professional juries
• Jury Nullification and its effects on the USA
• A criminal justice practitioner profession
• Types of sentencing in the USA and UK
• Sentencing Disparity
• The role of the prosecutor in the Judicial System
• The profession of a prosecutor
• Prosecutors in an adversarial system
• Public defenders and defense attorneys
• Evidence and the adversarial system
• Perils and limits of the adversarial systems
• Parts of a criminal trial process.

• Cybercrime classification
• The issue of computer crime
• Identity theft
• Crime Prevention Programs
• Violent crime in Canada
• The field of genetics and crime
• Due Process Mode: Essentials
• Crime control model in criminal justice administration
• Aggression and crime
• Sharing technology and terrorism prevention
• Crime statistics in criminal justice
• Deterring and mitigating crime
• Hate crime implications in criminal justice
• Organized crime and criminal justice
• Ruling class criminals: corporate crime
• Street lighting and crime
• Serial killers: the 20-st horrifying cases
• Serial killers: Ways of detection

• The strain theory
• The deterrence and rational choice theory
• Restorative justice
• Modus Vivendi
• Reform vs. punishment
• Mandatory sentencing and the 3 strike rules
• Robert Merton and strain theory
• Careers in law enforcement
• Positive interactions between students and law enforcement
• A course in criminal justice: Pros and cons
• Criminal justice knowledge application
• The history of shame and exile
• John Marshall, the first chief justice
• Criminal justice data in the United States
• Discretionary powers in determining criminal justice fairness
• Common and natural law systems
• History of corporal punishment
• Corporal punishment: World practices
• Implications of pre-modern Europe
• Misdemeanors in the 21-st legislative processes

• Miranda versus Arizona (1966)
• The case of Jack the Ripper
• The Harm Principle
• Types of serial killers
• Distributive justice and criminal justice
• Witness Protection Programme
• Extradition law
• US immigration law
• Cognitive disability and criminal justice
• Correctional privatization and monetary fines
• Cruel and unusual
• Ethics and mass incarceration
• Evidence-based rehabilitation for offenders
• Evolving punishment
• Execution and justice
• Group pride and systemic bias
• Mass incarceration and citizens as bait
• How plea bargains coerce the innocent
• The internalization of norms and criminal justice
• Justice and corruption
• Legal pluralism, criminal justice, and communities
• Maintenance of order
• Mass communications and mass incarceration
• Motivated offenders or motivating systems
• Offenders, punishment, and rehabilitation
• Justice and safety at the macro level
• Rights of offenders
• Rights of the accused
• The limits of criminal justice
• Rights of victims
• Surveillance and criminal justice
• The rule of law and the need for control
• Victimology: Essentials
• Religion vs. law
• Rehabilitation for the repeated criminals
• The role of the SRO
• Modern trends in criminal justice
• Relations between the deterrence effect and criminal justice
• Criminal justice ethics
• Felon disenfranchisement
• Mass Media and criminal justice
• Criminal justice and public health
• Victim Services
• Wrongful convictions
• Abolishment of parole in the USA: Pros and cons
• Deviance: Specifics and essentials
• Ethics and lawbreakers
• Influence of adolescent life
• The alternatives to incarceration in the USA

If you would like a list of argumentative criminal justice essay topics, please let us know so we can prepare one for our blog post in the future.

How to Write a Law Essay on Your Own?

Many students believe that writing a legal essay on their own is a complicated task. Not that they are mistaken, but it pretty much possible to deal with this type of writing on your own. So here is a little advice from BESTWritingHELP.org:

• Choose an appropriate topic. If you are wondering where to begin with your paper, the answer is simple: begin with the topic. You may well like one of the topics we have suggested above or come up with something on yours, however, the key idea is you have to choose a topic you have strong feelings about. This will be a good motivation for you to come up with some strong arguments as well as make sure they are bulletproof.
• Conduct smart research. While preparing a legal essay many students believe they have to clarify every single matter or describe every test case in order to prove their point of view, whereas everything they have to do is simply address a similar case. You can also collect a list of sources from the handouts or your reading materials and include them in the references while writing.
• Draft your ideas. Once you have a topic and a list of references, you may like to write down all the important points you need to include, creating a plan for your justice paper that can be developed into the first draft by simply describing each point.
• Write and edit the final draft. Once your first draft is ready, you can take a break and let it sit for a little while. When you are back, you can begin working on the final draft and its editing, paying attention to the details along with formatting aspects.
• Double-check everything before submitting your paper. During the final stage of the writing process, you will have to check the formatting requirements, proofread your paper and prepare it for the submission.

The Structure of a Criminal Justice Paper

Generally, the crime topics for essays fall under the requirements for your regular essay with minor differences. It should have an introduction that is supposed to present a strong thesis statement, body paragraphs and provide the reader with the evidence upon the ideas you have chosen from the list of criminal law topics for papers, and a summary that finalizes the ideas you have previously deliberated on. Some professors also recommend you break down the main paragraphs into “Summary,” “Objective,” and “Results.”

There are a lot of details you have to pay attention to while writing a paper on Criminal Justice, such as legislation changes, years of the court decisions, even the State where a certain decision was made as it all contributes to the general picture.

Criminal Justice Research Paper Examples

Some people find it extremely useful to look for inspiration to the work of others. While we believe this might be a cause for plagiarism, we cannot refuse your right to examine some of the finest samples of the criminal justice essay papers; we have created on behalf of our clients. We hope that it is needless to warn you that these essays on justice are meant to be used for educational purposes only and under no condition shall be submitted as an actual assignment.

If you are looking for a company to take care of your legal writing assignment, then, undoubtedly, BESTWritingHELP.org is your best chance for success. Choose one of the topics below or provide us with a topic of your choice, we will deliver a perfectly written paper within the given timeframe. Not only do we hire experts in different fields of expertise, but we also have created a process in the way you can monitor and control every single step.

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25 law conversation questions

Law conversation questions.

A free discussion worksheet about the law. Some of the challenging terms on this printable are – get rid of, defund, capital punishment, courthouse, petty crimes, commit, strict, trial, verdict, innocent, imprisoned, judge, wig, reformed, legal system,  and sue.

The law conversation questions are –

What do you think about the laws in your country? Are they all needed?

What would it be like if there were no laws at all?

If you could create one new law, what would it be?

Are there any laws that you would like to get rid of? Why?

In America, some cities want to defund the police , what do you think of this?

What are your thoughts on capital punishment (the death penalty)?

Have you ever been to a courthouse? Why did you go there?

What kind of sentences do bank robbers get in your home country?

Do you feel that where you live is safe? How could it be made safer?

What do you think are petty crimes? Have you committed any?

If you could commit one crime and get away with it, what would it be?

What country do you believe has the strictest laws in the world?

Do you know of any crazy or strange laws? What are they?

Are there any laws where you live that stop you from doing things you like?

Can you think of a famous trial? What was it about? What was the verdict?

Sometimes innocent people get imprisoned, how does this happen?

What do you think of lawyers? Would you like to become one?

Why do you think judges wear wigs in places like the UK and Canada?

What happens to children who commit crimes in your country?

Do you think criminals can be reformed in prison ?

Do you trust your country’s legal system to always do the right thing?

Where do you think would be the worst place in the world to be imprisoned?

Have you ever called a lawyer for legal advice? What was it about?

Do you know anyone who has been sued or sued someone else?

A person who thinks they are above the law thinks that the law does not apply to them. They don’t obey the law like other people around them.

Murphy’s Law or Sod’s law is the idea that if something can go wrong then it will.

If you lay down the law , you tell someone how to behave or give them orders in a stern way.

A person who does whatever they like with no regard to rules is said to be a law unto themself .

You might also like these

50 crime conversation questions

Describe the crime worksheet

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Criminal Law: Victimless Crimes

This essay about victimless crimes examines the definition, societal implications, and the debate surrounding the criminalization of such offenses. It outlines activities typically considered victimless, like drug use and prostitution, which are illegal but do not directly harm others beyond the consenting individuals involved. The essay discusses arguments against these classifications, highlighting potential broader social and economic harms, such as public health issues and moral degradation. Proponents of decriminalization argue from a libertarian perspective, emphasizing personal freedom and criticizing the inefficiency of legal resources used to enforce prohibitions against these activities. The discussion also addresses the role of morality in legislation and the evolving societal norms that influence legal changes. The essay concludes by reflecting on the balance between individual rights and societal impact, underscoring the complexity of defining and managing victimless crimes in contemporary legal and ethical frameworks.

How it works

An offense devoid of a direct victim, often termed as a victimless transgression, involves actions where all involved parties provide consent, and there is no direct harm inflicted upon external entities. These infractions typically entail voluntary private transactions that contravene state laws. This discourse aims to delve into the intricacies surrounding victimless crimes, their societal ramifications, divergent perspectives on their criminalization, and the challenges encountered in delineating such offenses.

Primarily, victimless crimes encompass a wide array of activities, spanning from drug usage and prostitution to gambling and specific forms of erotica.

Although these acts are criminalized in numerous jurisdictions, they do not result in direct physical or financial detriment to others. For instance, consenting adults engaged in the exchange of services for monetary gain in prostitution or the consumption of drugs for personal use typically do not impinge directly on the rights or welfare of others.

Nevertheless, the classification of these activities as “victimless” remains a subject of debate. Opponents contend that such crimes contribute to broader societal, economic, and moral detriments. For instance, drug consumption is often linked to wider social and health concerns, encompassing escalated healthcare expenditures, decreased productivity, and a general deterioration in community safety owing to drug-related offenses. Similarly, critics of prostitution argue that it fosters the exploitation of vulnerable demographics, bolsters human trafficking, and undermines societal ethics.

Despite these contentions, proponents advocating for the decriminalization of victimless crimes espouse a libertarian stance, emphasizing individual liberty and self-governance. They assert that adults should possess the autonomy to make decisions concerning their bodies and actions, provided they do not infringe upon the rights of others. This viewpoint also scrutinizes the substantial resources expended on enforcing laws against victimless crimes, advocating for their redirection towards addressing and resolving non-consensual crimes with identifiable victims.

Another pivotal aspect in the discourse on victimless crimes pertains to the role of morality in legislation. Many laws against victimless crimes are rooted in historical moral judgments that inherently possess subjectivity. As societal norms evolve, behaviors once deemed immoral and consequently illegal may undergo reassessment. The decriminalization of homosexuality and the legalization of interracial marriage across various regions exemplify the fluidity of moral perceptions, which influence the definition and enforcement of laws.

The enforcement and legislation against victimless crimes also prompt significant inquiries regarding privacy, consent, and governmental regulation of personal conduct. The crux lies in striking a balance between individual rights and freedoms and the potential societal repercussions of such behaviors. Legal scholars and policymakers persist in deliberating whether the state should intervene in personal choices considered immoral by some, yet devoid of direct infringement upon the rights of others.

In summation, victimless crimes embody a multifaceted and contentious domain within criminal law, encompassing issues of consent, personal autonomy, societal impact, and governmental authority. While the delineation of victimless crimes may vary considerably, the discourse surrounding these transgressions mirrors broader societal values and the evolving comprehension of individual versus communal interests. As societies evolve, the dialogue on addressing victimless crimes remains a fluid and indispensable component of ethical and legal discussions.

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Criminal Law: Victimless Crimes. (2024, Apr 22). Retrieved from https://papersowl.com/examples/criminal-law-victimless-crimes/

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Advice for Law School Applicants on Choosing a Law Career Path

Shed your assumptions about what lawyers do to explore day-to-day work within different legal fields and law careers.

How to Choose a Law Career Path

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You don’t need to have your future career path mapped out to apply to law school , but it is helpful to have a direction in mind. Clear career goals can help you stay focused and motivated throughout the law school application process, from LSAT practice to weighing competing opportunities.

It's easier to assess whether law school is worth the investment of time, money and energy when you have a vision of what you hope to do with your degree. Applicants with clearer career goals may also have an easier time writing their personal statement and determining where to apply .

Being able to express what you hope to do with your law degree will help you make a more convincing case that you are committed to law school, whether you’re interested in public or private sector law .

Finally, clear career goals can make it easier to express why you are a good fit for where you are applying, through an essay or interview.

However, the wide range of legal fields can be daunting. Even if you take classes related to law in college, you may learn little about what lawyers do in practice.

Here are five ways to explore your law career goals:

• Question your preconceptions about legal practice.
• Think beyond your initial interests.
• Seek internships and volunteer opportunities.
• Conduct informational interviews.
• Pursue further research.

Question Your Preconceptions About Legal Practice

Many applicants’ notions of legal practice come from the dramatized courtroom battles that are a staple of popular culture. But litigation looks a lot different in real life, and most lawyers spend little – if any – time in court.

There aren’t many television shows about mergers and acquisitions, tax law or estate law, but there are good reasons why these specialties attract many lawyers.

So, don’t be afraid to expand your idea of what lawyers do beyond what you’ve seen in the books, films or television series that inspired you to pursue law school.

Think Beyond Your Initial Interests

Many applicants gravitate toward topics they feel passionate about, like constitutional law, entertainment law or environmental law . But when they start internships and entry-level positions, they may find that the realities of legal work differ from their expectations. Entertainment lawyers spend a lot more time negotiating contracts with other lawyers than hobnobbing with celebrities.

Law is a diverse field, and many lawyers ultimately find fulfillment through some mix of intellectual challenge, rewarding work and meaningful relationships with colleagues and clients. But how do you find the area of law that is right for you ?

First, think about what kind of work and environment you would enjoy on a day-to-day basis. What is an average day at your dream job like? What activities take up your time? What are the challenges and rewards? How much time is spent with colleagues and clients? How much of the work is collaborative or adversarial, self-directed or cooperative? How much risk are you comfortable with?

Seek Internships and Volunteer Opportunities

There’s no substitute for first-hand experience. Before applying to law school, look for opportunities to help out at legal offices or organizations. Not only will you gain potential recommenders and excellent material for a personal statement , but you will get ideas for what kinds of legal work you are most interested in and what kinds of environments allow you to thrive.

Admissions officers appreciate work experience . But even if you can’t find a full-time position, see if you can spend just a week or two lending a hand and getting an inside look into how law offices work.

Conduct Informational Interviews

Reach out to people with careers that interest you. Send a polite request over email or social media and ask for an informational interview. Be clear, direct and respectful. Make clear that you are not asking for any favors besides a quick coffee or a brief phone call.

Do your homework and prepare several open-ended questions like: What has been the biggest surprise about your job? How do you know if you’re doing a good job? How do you think your job will change over the next decade? What qualities would set someone in your position up for success?

Not everyone will be open or candid, but you may end up with inside advice about not only whether a field is right for you but also what skills and experiences to highlight on your resume .

Pursue Further Research

The internet has no shortage of personal opinions and views about everything, including legal work. Beyond U.S. News & World Report resources , you can easily access articles and posts from lawyers, law firms and legal news sites.

Don’t worry if your research turns up more questions than answers. In law school, you will have plenty of time and resources for further exploration, like clinics and career services. While it’s helpful to have some informed ideas about your future career, it’s best to arrive at law school with an open mind. 

Questions to Ask If You Want to Be a Lawyer

Tags: law school , careers , graduate schools , education , students

About Law Admissions Lowdown

Law Admissions Lowdown provides advice to prospective students about the law school application process, LSAT prep and potential career paths. Previously authored by contributors from Stratus Admissions Counseling, the blog is currently authored by Gabriel Kuris, founder of Top Law Coach , an admissions consultancy. Kuris is a graduate of Harvard Law School and has helped hundreds of applicants navigate the law school application process since 2003. Got a question? Email [email protected] .

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• Essay on Family

Law Questions Problem Solving Answers Essays Examples

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Family , Common Law , Crime , Force , Murder , Law , Criminal Justice , Tort Law

Words: 1100

Published: 03/20/2020

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Assignment # 1

The most appropriate charges for Mason and Wooster are imprisonment. Imprisonment would work for them since they are young people whose behavior is easy to mend by instilling fear in them by jailing them and introducing them to the other hardcore criminals for their behavior to be streamlined. The involvement of the hardcore criminals would be to the threaten Mason and Wooster as molestation is common in jails. The code section that applies here is theft under chapter 15. It is most applicable as they would acquire the products would harm the owners business wise. The common law applicable in this case is criminal negligence which involves a criminal act resulting from the criminal intention or recklessness. The possible defenses the two can give would be neglecting by their parents necessitating them to feed and search for themselves. The defense of involuntary service could be applicable, and intoxication. Having the knowledge that their parents could be charged for negligent, they would use to show that courts that their parents were the forces behind their actions. The code section to be applied is the defense and affirmative defenses; justification. The reason that I believe the defense applies is because it is the most applicable among the defenses provided. They would argue that they were under the influence of alcohol that led to them avoiding to pay the clerk. There was a basis for charging the two with different crimes since they were aware of the influence of alcohol and they went ahead to consume it so as to have an excuse when asked the reasons that led to their behavior. Both Mason and Wooster were not under age and should, therefore, be convicted to for criminal offenses. There should not be excused as theirs was a fraudulent negligence and they are liable in law.

Assignment # 2

The appropriate criminal charges for Fred would be either capital punishments or life imprisonment. Killing of his wife was a criminal offence that is highly condemned by both the judges and the constitution. The constitutions outline that there is right to life and no one is above the law to take law into his own hands regardless of their social status. There are some exceptions for murder if it was for personal defense or if one of the parties is insane. The code section applied here are chapter 43 that talks about weapons. The police had the obligation to ascertain whether Fred had the license to own a fire arm. The other code to be applied would be chapter 45 under the criminal use of explosives and related crimes since murder was a criminal case. The common law applicable in this case is murder which is not connected to malice but has a percentage of premeditation. The defense to any of the charges would be special force by persons with special responsibilities and the elements for the defense would be prohibition to kill. However, he would argue that he had the responsibility to relieve and ease the pain from his wife, hence the action. The reason for its applicability is because Fred was taking great care to his wife even when they were living together; therefore, it involved a lot of love. Suspicions would be avoided citing that there had been no conflict since they had managed to live together for 70 years. However, ignorance to law is no defense and he should face the full force of law. If I were District Attorney, I would have imposed imprisonment on the old man to act as a lesson from taking law into his own hands. He was old enough to learn the hard way of being imprisoned with other criminals. The harsh capital punishment would have caused a lot emotional torture to the man due to his age.

Assignment # 3

The major offenses that Olin would be charged would be; an attempt to kidnap a person since it was against their consent, and the use of force in handling of issues is not allowed in law hence he was liable for that. Kidnapping and criminal restraint and it would be under the criminal court procedure, while the use of force would be under criminal liabilities and; elements of crimes. The defense to the use of force charges would be duress. The love he had for her and her failure to reciprocate it pressured him to do all he could to get her. The penal code applied here is the criminal liability of the accomplices. this can be charged under the common law of duress which involves forcing one party to act in a certain manner without their consent. However, Olin does not have a good defense as the act caused harm and torture to the victim. It was a crime to knock her down and use her condition to his advantage. He used her weakness and forced her into his car. Putting her into the trunk was unacceptable as everyone is entitled to fair treatment regardless of their actions.

Assignment # 4

The major offense Farnsworth may be charged with under the Maine Criminal Code is driving while under the influence of alcohol. I believe that the facts fit the element of this offense because he caused death and other bodily harm to himself. The law does not allow anyone to drive when drunk to avoid the rate of accidents in the country but Farnsworth acted against the stipulated law. This can be charged under the common law of manslaughter as his friend was killed although this was not the defendant’s intention limiting it from being murder.

Assignment # 5

As his defense, Albert will raise that the car was not in his possession at that time. The theory of criminal liability that the Prosecution could use to argue that Elbert is responsible for the fines is the normative theory. The theory states that irrespective of who is using the property at that particular time, the liability lies with the legal owner since he has the possession right. This case is under the common law of personal liability in which one is expected to keep track and care for anything under their ownership whether in their possession or not.

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