cse essay paper 2022

UPSC CSE Mains Essay Paper 2022

UPSC CSE Mains Examination 2022 began from 16th September 2022 and will end on 25th September 2022.

Table of Contents

The UPSC CSE conducted by UPSC has three stages – Prelims, Mains and Interview. The UPSC Prelims 2022 was conducted on 5 th June 2022 and the results for UPSC CSE Prelims were announced on 22 nd June 2022.

UPSC CSE Mains Examination 2022 began from 16 th September 2022 and will end on 25 th September 2022

The UPSC CSE Mains Examination checks the intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidates, rather than merely the range of their knowledge.

The UPSC Main (Written) exam would be conducted for a period of 5 days – 16th, 17th, 18th, 24th and 25th September 2022.

Candidates can check the timetable for UPSC CSE Mains Examination 2022 from the link given below.

UPSC CSE Mains Examination 2022 Timetable

UPSC CSE Mains 2022 Essay Paper Analysis

The candidates have to write two essays, one from each section. Out of 8 questions, the candidate has to choose and write on two essay topics. The candidates are expected to write the answers in about 1000-1200 words for each essay. The duration for the UPSC CSE Mains Essay paper is of 3 hours. The Essay paper was held in the morning session on 16 th September 2022 from 9 AM to 12 PM.

UPSC CSE Mains Essay Paper 2022 Questions

Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world
History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for
The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining
You cannot step twice in the same river
A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

The candidates can check the UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Question Paper PDF from the link given below.

UPSC CSE Mains Essay Question Paper 2022 PDF Download

Based on the analysis, here are a few opinions and reviews about the essay paper:

Most of the candidates felt that the essay paper was tough as compared to last year.
Looking at the essay paper of Mains 2022, the candidates felt that the paper was unpredictable.
Also, the veterans who are writing the Mains exam, not for the first time, felt that this year’s paper was a bit similar in nature to last year’s paper.
In general, section A would contain topics related to social issues, policymaking etc. which extensively demand quoting of a lot of factual information. Whereas, section B would have abstract or philosophical topics. But since 2021 in essay paper, both the section have philosophical or abstract topics.
Essay paper from last year is testing whether the candidates have their own thinking process which is deep, analytical and philosophical.
A few candidates felt that this paper checks the personality of the candidate, which cannot be learnt or gained overnight by studying facts from books, magazines or other sources.

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UPSC Essay Topic wise Question Papers of last 31 years (1993-2023) for Civil Services IAS/IPS Exam Free Download

In the UPSC mains examination, essay paper is worth 250 marks and three hours. Here is the topic wise questions from the earlier years for the benefit of civil service IAS IPS aspirants.

1.1 India Since Independence

1.2 federalism, decentralization, 1.3 administration, 1.4 judiciary, 1.5 poverty, social justice, 1.6 indian society, culture and values, 1.7 media, tv & cinema, literature, 2.1 growth vs development, 2.2 environment vs development, 2.4 sectors of economy, 3.1 values in education, 3.2 scheme implementation, 3.3 higher education, 4.1 character, honesty, ethics, 4.2 knowledge, 4.3 compassion, 4.4 truth and reality, 4.5 youth, discipline, 4.6 towards excellence, 5.1 @national politics, 5.2 @world / quote type, 5.3 empowerment overall, 5.4 compared to men, 6.1 globalization, 6.2 international org./ bilateral, 6.3 security, 6.4 history, 7.1 science and religion, 7.2 science and education, 7.3 computer and internet, 7.4 sci-tech: others, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2023, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2022, appendix: model answer pe free lecture & powerpoint, appendix: syllabus of essay paper in upsc, 1 india: democracy, administration, society, culture.

Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? -2013
In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy -2012
Dreams which should not let India sleep. -2015
Why should we be proud of being Indians? -2000
Whither Indian democracy? -1995
How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? -2003
What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. -1997
What have we gained from our democratic set-up? -2001
My vision of India in 2001 a.d. -1993
Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. -2017
Water disputes between States in federal India. -2016
Cooperative federalism : Myth or reality. -2016
Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication -2011
Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. -2007
Water resources should be under the control of the central government. -2004
The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. -1998
There are better practices to “best practices”. -2021
How should a civil servant conduct himself? -2003
Politics without ethics is a disaster. -1995
The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy -1996
Need for transparency in public administration -1996
The country’s need for a better disaster management system. -2000
Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. -1994
We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017
Justice must reach the poor -2005
Judicial activism and Indian democracy. -2004
Judicial activism. -1997
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।) – 2023
There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless (बिना आर्थिक समृद्धि के सामाजिक न्याय नहीं हो सकता, किन्तु बिना सामाजिक न्याय के आर्थिक समृद्धि निरर्थक है ) -2020
Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. -2019
The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. -2009
Food security for sustainable national development -2005
Reservation, politics and empowerment. -1999
Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have (जो हम है, वह संस्कार; जो हमारे पास है, वह सभ्यता ) -2020
Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? -2000
Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. -2000
The composite culture of India. -1998
The Indian society at the crossroads. -1994
From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? -2010
New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion -1996
Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy. -2019
Responsibility of media in a democracy. -2002
Role of media in good governance -2008
Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? -2011
How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? -2007
Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? -2014
Mass media and cultural invasion. -1999
The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. -1998
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world (कवि संसार के अनधिकृत रूप से विधायक होते हैं) – 2022

2 Economy, Development

Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. -2018
Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. -2016
Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. -2016
Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. -2016
Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. -2015
Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? -2014
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country-2013
Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? -2015
Resource management in the Indian context. -1999
Economic growth without distributive justice is bound to breed violence. -1993
Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence (आर्थिक समृद्धि हासिल करने के मामले में वन सर्वोत्तम प्रतिमान होते हैं।) – 2022
Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. -2018
Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? -2010
Urbanisation and its hazards -2008
Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. -2006
Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. -1997
Ecological considerations need not hamper development. -1993
Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. -2006
Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs -1994
Special economic zone: boon or bane -2008
Is the criticism that the ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified ?-2012
Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. -2017
BPO boom in India. -2007
Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? -2014
Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? -2009

3 Education

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in – school. (- शिक्षा वह है जो विद्यालय में विधालय में सीखी गई बातों को भूल जाने के बाद भी शेष रह जाती है।)
Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. -2017
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil-2015
Independent thinking should be encouraged right form the childhood. -2007
Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? -2014
Irrelevance of the classroom. -2001
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? -2014
Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. -1996
Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses ? -2008
What is real education? -2005
“Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. -2006
Restructuring of Indian education system. -1995
Privatization of higher education in India. -2002
Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges -2011

4 Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities (हर असमंजस के लिए मुस्कराहट ही चुनिन्दा साधन है) – 2022
Philosophy of wantlessness is a Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. -2021
Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me. -2021
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication (सरलता चरम परिष्करण है ) -2020
Ships don’t sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets into them (जहाज अपने चारों तरफ के पानी के वजह से नहीं डूबा करते, जहाज पानी के अंदर समां जाने की वजह से डूबता हैं ) -2020
Life is a long journey between being human and being humane. (मनुष्य होने और मानव बनने के बीच का लम्बा सफर ही जीवन है)-2020
Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be -2019
Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society -2019
Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success -2019
Wisdom finds truth -2019
A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. -2018
Customary morality cannot be a guide to modem file. -2018
Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. -2016
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. -2015
With greater power comes greater responsibility. -2014
Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. -2014
Attitude makes, habit makes character and character makes a man. -2007
He would reigns within himself and folds his passions and desires and fears is more than a king. -1993
Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।) – 2023
Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।) – 2023
The real is rational and the rational is real. -2021
Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self (विचारपरक संकल्प स्वयं के शांतचित्त रहने का उत्प्रेरक है )-2020
‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. -2018
A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. -2018
There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. -2003
Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. -1995
Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. -2017
Compassion is the basic of all morality of the world -1993
Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. -2015
Be the change you want to see in others (Gandhi)-2013
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022
Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. -2018
Truth is lived, not taught -1996
When money speaks, the truth is silent. -1995
Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. -2002
The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining (छप्पर मरम्मत करने का समय तभी होता है, जब धूप खिली हुई हो) – 2022
You cannot step twice in the same river (आप उसी नदी में दोबारा नहीं उतर सकते) – 2022
Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin -2008
Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret -1994
If youth knew, if age could. -2002
Youth culture today. -1999
Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? -2014
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।) – 2023
Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।) – 2023
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है) – 2023
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) – 2022
Quick but steady wins the race. -2015
Useless life is an early death. -1994
Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. -1995
The paths of glory lead but to the grave. -2002
The pursuit of excellence. -2001

5 Women empowerment

Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. -1997
Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. -2006
The new emerging women power: the ground realities. -1995
Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. -2021
If women ruled the world -2005
The hand that rocks the cradle -2005
Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality (पितृ-सत्ता की व्यवस्था नजर मैं बहुत काम आने के बावजूद सामाजिक विषमता की सबसे प्रभावी संरचना है) -2020
Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. -2017
If development is not engendered, it is endangered. -2016
Whither women’s emancipation? -2004
Empowerment alone cannot help our women. -2001
Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. -1999
Woman is god’s best creation. -1998
Men have failed: let women take over. -1993
Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal ?-2012

6 International issues, Internal Security, History

South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities. -2019
Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. -1994
‘globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’ -2009
National identity and patriotism -2008
Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. -2004
The masks of new imperialism. -2003
As civilization advances culture declines. -2003
The implications of globalization for India. -2000
My vision of an ideal world order. -2001
India’s contribution to world wisdom. -1998
The world of the twenty-first century. -1998
Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. -2010
Technology as the silent factor in international relations (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों मैं मौन करक के रूप मैं प्रौद्योगिकी) -2020
Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world ? -2017
Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities -1996
The global order: political and economic -1993
India’s role in promoting ASEAN co-operation. -2004
Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement -2006
Management of Indian border dispute is a complex task. -2018
In the Indian context , both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism -2011
Are we a ‘soft’ state ? -2009
Good fences make good neighbours -2009
Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? -2007
Terrorism and world peace -2005
True religion cannot be misused. -1997
History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce. -2021
Geography may remain the same ; history need not. -2010

7 Science-Technology

Spirituality and scientific temper. -2003
Science and Mysticism : Are they compatible ?-2012
What is research, but a blind date with knowledge! -2021
Modern technological education and human values. -2002
Value-based science and education. -1999
The march of science and the erosion of human values. -2001
The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. -2021
Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling. -2019
‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium. -2017
Cyberspace and Internet : Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -2016
Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -2006
The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. -2000
Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993
Technology cannot replace manpower. -2015
Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation-2013
The modern doctor and his patients. -1997
The lure of space. -2004

Section-A (write any one)

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।)
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।)
Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।)
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है)

Section-B (write any one)

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines. (-लड़कियां बंदिशों के तथा लड़के अपेक्षा के बोझ तले दबे हुए होते हैं दोनों ही समान रूप से हानिकारक व्यवस्थाएं हैं।)
Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।)
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।)

Answer one-one essay from each section in 1000-1200 words

History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man (इतिहास वैज्ञानिक मनुष्य के रूमानी मनुष्य पर विजय हासिल करने का एक सिलसिला है।) – 2022
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) & 2022
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

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UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Question Paper

UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Question Paper - Download PDF

The UPSC Mains Essay paper was conducted on Friday, 16th September 2022, in the forenoon session (9 AM to 12 PM). The UPSC Mains 2022 is set to take place on 16, 17, 18, 24 and 25th September 2022.

For other papers in the Mains segment of UPSC, candidates can further check the UPSC Mains 2022 Question Papers page at their own behest.

UPSC Mains Essay Questions 2022 – Download PDF Here

UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Questions

The UPSC Essay paper segment consists of two sections. They are Section A and Section B. Both sections have about four questions each. The candidates have to choose one topic from each section, thus having to answer 2 essay questions in total.

The word limit for each question is to be within the range of 1000-1200 words. The mark for each question is 125, thus, the total allotted marks are about 250.

The paper will be included in the merit ranking.

The Essay Topics asked in the UPSC Mains 2022 are given below:

Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
Pets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for.

Section – B

1. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.

2. You cannot step twice in the same river.

3. A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.

4. Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Candidates can also refer to the UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Questions , in the given link.

Some of the useful links for the candidates to prepare for an essay paper are as follows:

The candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. While answering the essay questions, the aspirants are expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly manner and to write concisely. It is important to remember that credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

To download the question paper PDFs of General Studies papers, the aspirants can check the links below:

The candidates can also download the question paper PDFs of UPSC Mains 2022 Optional Paper from the linked article.

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UPSC CSE MAINS 2022 ESSAY PAPER ANALYSIS

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) on September 16 conducted the first paper of CSE Mains 2022 that is the Essay Paper.

Essay Paper UPSC 2022 Instructions

Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
The essay must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
No marks will be given for answers written in the medium other than the authorized one.
Word limit, as specified, should be adhered to.
Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
A ship in the harbour is safe but that is not what a ship is for.
The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
You cannot step twice in the same river.
Smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

UPSC CSE Main 2022 essay paper analysis

There has been a trend of increased number of philosophical essays in the past couple of years however this time around the benchmark was higher than the previous few years. However, considering the philosophical base of the questions, most candidates found the questions tricky. It was not easy to write 1000 words on each topic within the time constraints.
UPSC has ensured that the essay topics were much different from the GS questions.
Rather than asking candidates to write on topics that most candidates are familiar with or have practiced with, UPSC now assesses candidates' essay writing skills by providing them with abstract or philosophical topics.
This year most of the themes were either proverbs or famous quotes.
All 8 topics this year will test applicants' spontaneous thinking, understanding, writing and time management.
Topics required broad interpretation
Themes asked:
Poetic language as a tool to re-institute order in human society.
Getting out of one’s comfort zone
Do the right things at the right time
You won’t get the exact time/experience twice.
Importance of smile
Theme related to choices and decision making

It is necessary to know that why essay paper is required in a competitive exam?

UPSC notification says that “candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay, to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.”

What can one make out from this? The following quote of Abraham Lincoln very aptly answers the question…..

‘Writing’ (essay) of the aspirant works as a window, for the highly experienced examiner, to the thought process of the candidate. Examiner will not only evaluate the content of the aspirant but also his thought process, viewpoints on critical matters, clarity in thinking, ability to explain his view point concisely and effectively, ability of coherence and putting his ideas in an orderly fashion, language. In a nutshell, it acts as a mean to bring out the traits of a potential civil servant and to evaluate if he is fit to be one.

Having discussed about the importance of the paper, it is essential to clear the misconceptions associated with essay paper before moving to how to prepare for it.

There is no preparation required for essay paper-GS and optional knowledge will suffice.

Truth. This is wrong way of thinking. In GS marks will be awarded just for content. But in essay, examiner will pay attention to more than content as explained above.

One needs to be champion in English-use technical jargons, vocabulary.

Truth. It is worth noting that in UPSC CSE, the simpler the language the better it is. There is no need of flowery jargons and expressions.

There is no difference between language paper essay and ‘Essay’ paper.

Truth. This is highly misconceived notion on the part of aspirants to treat the essay paper just like essays asked in the language papers. The importance of both is vastly different. One is aimed to judge the language of the aspirant whereas the other is aimed to bring out the true traits of a potential Civil Servant.

Essay paper can’t be prepared so easily.

Truth. This is again a misconception. There have been candidates who have drastically increased their marks from scores like 100-110 to 150-160 with proper strategy and preparation. It is worth noting that essay paper requires relatively lesser effort to improve as compared to GS papers. The rate of investment is quite high.

From where to prepare for the essay paper?

GS and optional preparation will give content.
Reading non-fiction: will help to develop thinking process.
Anecdotes, stories, quotes, facts and figures: A separate notebook should be kept for the same.
Referring to magazines: Yojana, Kurukshetra, EPW, Economic Survey, DowntoEarth.
Newspaper editorials, relevant lines said by eminent/constitutional posts like President, PM etc.
Essay transcripts of previous year toppers.

How to prepare for the essay?

Firstly read the transcripts of previous year toppers to get a feel of what comprises a well-written essay.
A separate notebook for essay should be prepared where fodder collected from the above mentioned sources should be written in point format.
An aspirant should prepare material on all the general topics that have been asked in the exam previously. This should include quotations, facts/ figures, anecdotes, sayings, case studies, government schemes.
Give stress to the thoughts of philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Niche, Karl Marx etc. Start writing essays on famous quotes.
Whenever aspirant takes a particular topic, he should to try to think of all the possible themes/ dimensions of it. For eg: Consider the topic “With great power, comes great responsibility”. Aspirant can think of the topic from SPECLIH perspective- Social, Political, Economic, Cultural, Legal, International and Humanistic. This is one way of covering multiple dimensions.
Read different kinds of essays – particularly philosophical essays. Give stress to the thoughts of philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Niche, Karl Marx etc.
Next step is to write essays. Pick up the previous year papers and practice them at home in exam conditions. Self-evaluate and get a feedback from mentors, peers and teachers.

How to approach an essay?

Aspirant should have clear cut plan ready for attempting the essay paper. It should be clear in his mind before entering the examination hall how he is going to manage the time. The answers to following questions should be ready beforehand.
How much time will be devoted in choosing the topic?
How much time will be devoted in interpreting the topic?
How much time will be devoted in making a rough skeleton of the essay?
How much time will be devoted in attempting the essay?
How much time will be devoted in revising and underlining the keywords?
Aspirant should always keep a buffer of 10 minutes in order to meet any exigency.

Eg: Topic Selection: 5 minutes, Brainstorming: 10-15 minutes, writing: 1 hour, revision: 5 minutes.

First thing is choosing the right topic from each section. This will depend upon the aspirant’s holistic understanding of the topic. Do not get swayed by the fact that since it is an easy topic I won’t choose it. I will choose unconventional topic just to impress the examiner. This is wrong way of thinking.
Next thing is to interpret the topic. One should understand the theme of the topic. THE MOST IMPORTANT THING ABOUT ESSAY WRITING IS PROPER UNDERSTANDING OF THE TOPIC AND “WRITING ON THAT TOPIC”. DOING THIS MUCH ENSURES THAT ONE WILL NOT GET BELOW ANERAGE MARKS.
Brainstorm and prepare skeleton of the topic:
Every essay should have an introduction, body and conclusion.
Introduction: can be a fictitious story, real life anecdote, quote, a paragraph on what all is going be covered in the essay.
Themes/ dimensions to be covered eg: SPECLIH, temporal, sectoral, walks of life, problem and solution format.
Quotes, sayings, anecdotes, facts/ figures.
Conclusion: it should always be on a futuristic and optimistic note. Summarize the essay in 4 to 5 lines and then write the vision for future. Some saying, quote, lines of eminent personalities can be used.
Structuring of the essay:
Language should be simple and clear
Keep the sentences short and powerful
An occasional use of powerful word or jargon can give the essay an edge
Proper subheadings
Transition smoothly from one para to the next through a link sentence/ through a question

What to avoid in the essay?

Aspirant should never give one-sided arguments or viewpoints which are against constitutional spirit.
Never focus excessively on only one dimension or theme.
Always write what is asked not what one knows.
Do not give disproportionate amount of time to one essay avoiding the other one.
Avoid criticizing the government, its policies and schemes.
Avoid being seen as a person belonging to a particular ideology.
Avoid writing in bullets, making diagrams, figures, charts. Essay should always be in continuous para format.

It is often seen that aspirants do not give the necessary attention to the essay paper. They spend months preparing for the optional and the GS papers but hardly give dedicated time to essay paper. This leads them to score poorly in the exam and they fail to get the edge which they could have easily achieved with a proper strategy and preparation for the essay paper. If one compares GS papers score with that of essay one can find out that it is difficult to achieve a score of 120-125 marks in the former whereas aspirants touch 150 and even 160 in the essay paper which gives them an edge of almost 30 marks. CSE topper 2017 scored just 100 marks in the essay paper of CSE 2015 whereas after making the necessary effort and rectifying his mistakes he was able to score 155 in CSE 2017.

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[UPSC Mains 2022] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM (CSE) 2022

September 16, 2022

Important Updates , UPSC MAINS 2022 QUESTION PAPERS

1) Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.

2) Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.

3) History is a series of victorious won by the scientific man over the romantic man.

4) A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what a ship is for.

1) The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.

2) You cannot step twice in the same river.

3) A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.

4) Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Paper Discussion – By Sunil Oberoi Sir Retd. IAS

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UPSC CSE Mains Exam Pattern

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UPSC CSE Mains Question Paper PDF Released

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[ Question Paper ] – UPSC IAS Civil Services Preliminary (Prelims) Exam – 2022: General Studies Paper – 1

We hope you did well in today’s Paper-1 of UPSC IAS civil services prelims exam – 2022. We hope you will do well in CSAT too. Wish you all the best!

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UPSC CSE Prelims Question Paper 2022 GS paper 1 SET – A

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UPSC CSE Prelims Question Paper 2022 GS paper 1 SET – B

UPSC CSE Prelims Question Paper 2022 GS paper 1 SET – C

UPSC IAS Civil Services Preliminary (Prelims) Exam – 2022: General Studies Paper – 1 (Set A)

‘’Rapid Financing Instrument’’ and ‘’Rapid Credit Facility’’ are related to the provisions of lending

by which one of the following?

a) Asian Development Bank
b) International Monetary Fund
c) United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative
d) World Bank
With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements:
An increase in Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) indicates the appreciation of rupee.
An increase in the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) indicates an improvement in trade competitiveness.
An increasing trend in domestic inflation relative to inflation in other countries is likely to cause an increasing divergence between NEER and REER.

Which of the above statements are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

If the inflation is too high, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is likely to buy government securities.
If the rupee is rapidly depreciating, RBI is likely to sell dollars in the market.
If interest rates in the USA or European Union were to fall, that is likely to induce RBI to buy dollars.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to the “G20 Common Framework”, consider the following statements:
It is an initiative endorsed by the G20 together with the Paris Club.
It is an initiative to support Low Income Countries with unsustainable debt.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

With reference to the India economy, what are the advantages of “Inflation-Indexed Bonds (IIBs)”?
Government can reduce the coupon rates on its borrowing by way of IIBs.
IIGs provide protection to the investors from uncertainty regarding inflation.
The interest received as well as capital gains on IIBs are not taxable.
With reference to foreign-owned e-commerce firms operating in India, which of the following statements is/are correct?
They can sell their own goods in addition to offering their platforms as market-places.
The degree to which they can own big sellers on their platforms is limited.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

7. Which of the following activities constitute real sector in the economy?

Farmers harvesting their crops
Textile mills converting raw cotton into fabrics
A commercial bank lending money to a trading company
A corporate body issuing Rupee Denominated Bonds overseas

a) 1 and 2 only

b) 2, 3 and 4 only

c) 1, 3 and 4 only

d) 1,2, 3 and 4

Which one of the following situations best reflects “Indirect Transfers” often talked about in media recently with reference to India?

(a) An Indian company investing in a foreign enterprise and paying taxes to the foreign country on the profits arising out of its investment

(b) A foreign company investing in India and paying taxes to the country of its base on the profits arising out of its investment

(c) An Indian company purchases tangible assets in a foreign country and sells such assets after their value increases and transfers the proceeds to India

(d) A foreign company transfers shares and such shares derive their substantial value from assets located in India

With reference to the expenditure made by an organization or a company, which of the following statements is/are correct?
Acquiring new technology is capital expenditure.
Debt financing is considered capital expenditure, while equity financing is considered revenue expenditure.
A share of the household financial savings goes towards government borrowings.
Dated securities issued at market-related rates in auctions form a large component of internal debt.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
Pursuant to the report of H.N. Sanyal Committee, the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 was passed.
The Constitution of India empowers the Supreme Court and the High Courts to punish for contempt of themselves.
The Constitution of India defines Civil Contempt and Criminal Contempt.
In India, the Parliament is vested with the powers to make laws on Contempt of Court.

(b) 1, 2 and 4 only

With reference to India, consider the following statements:
Government law officers and legal firms are recognized as advocates, but corporate lawyers and patent attorneys are excluded from recognition as advocates.
Bar Councils have the power to lay down the rules relating to legal education and recognition of law colleges.
A bill amending the Constitution requires a prior recommendation of the President of India.
When a Constitution Amendment Bill is presented to the President of India, it is obligatory for the President of India to give his/her assent.
A Constitution Amendment Bill must be passed by both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha by a special majority and there is no provision for joint sitting.
The Constitution of India classifies the ministers into four ranks viz. Cabinet Minister, Minister of State with Independent Charge, Minister of State and Deputy Minister.
The total number of ministers in the Union Government, including the Prime Minister, shall not exceed 15 percent of the total number of members in the Lok Sabha.
Which of the following is/are the exclusive power(s) of Lok Sabha?
To ratify the declaration of Emergency
To pass a motion of no-confidence against the Council of Ministers
To impeach the President of India

(a) 1 and 2

With reference to anti-defection law in India, consider the following statements:
The law specifies that a nominated legislator cannot join any political party within six months of being appointed to the House.
The law does not provide any time-frame within which the presiding officer has to decide a defection case.
Attorney General of India and Solicitor General of India are the only officers of the Government who are allowed to participate in the meetings of the Parliament of India.
According to the Constitution of India, the Attorney General of India submits his resignation when the Government which appointed him resigns.
With reference to the writs issued by the Courts in India, consider the following statements:
Mandamus will not lie against a private organization unless it is entrusted with a public duty.
Mandamus will not lie against a Company even though it may be a Government Company.
Any public minded person can be a petitioner to move the Court to obtain the writ of Quo Warranto.
With reference to Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, consider the following statements:
Private and public hospitals must adopt it.
As it aims to achieve universal health coverage, every citizen of India should be part of it ultimately.
It has seamless portability across the country.
With reference to Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha, consider the following statements:
As per the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the election of Deputy Speaker shall be held on such date as the Speaker may fix.
There is a mandatory provision that the election of a candidate as Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha shall be from either the principal opposition party or the ruling party.
The Deputy Speaker has the same power as of the Speaker when presiding over the sitting of the House and no appeal lies against his rulings.
The well established parliamentary practice regarding the appointment of Deputy Speaker is that the motion is moved by the Speaker and duly seconded by the Prime Minister.

(a) 1 and 3 only

(b) 1, 2 and 3

(d) 2 and 4 only

Among the following crops, which one is the most important anthropogenic source of both methane and nitrous oxide ?

“System of Rice Intensification” of cultivation, in which alternate wetting and drying of rice fields is practised, results in:
Reduced seed requirement
Reduced methane production
Reduced electricity consumption
Which one of the following lakes of West Africa has become dry and turned into desert?

a) Lake Victoria

b) Lake Faguibine

c) Lake Oguta

d) Lake Volta

Gandikota canyon of South India was created by which one of the following rivers ?

(a) Cauvery

(b) Manjira

(d) Tungabhadra

Consider the following pairs:

Peak: Mountains

Namcha Barwa Garhwal Himalaya –
Nanda Devi – Kumaon Himalaya
Nokrek – Sikkim Himalaya

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

The term “Levant” often heard in the news roughly corresponds to which of the following regions?

(a) Region along the eastern Mediterranean shores

(b) Region along North African shores stretching from Egypt to Morocco

(d) The entire coastal Mediterranean Sea of areas

Consider the following countries:
Turkmenistan

Which of the above have borders with Afghanistan?

(a) 1, 2 and 5 only

(b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Monazite is a source of rare earths.
Monazite contains thorium.
Monazite occurs naturally in the entire Indian coastal sands in India.
In India, Government bodies only can process or export monazite.

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

In the northern hemisphere, the longest day of the year normally occurs in the:

(a) First half of the month of June

(b) Second half of the month of June

(d) Second half of the month of July

Wetland/Lake: Location

Hokera Wetland Punjab
Renuka Wetland – Himachal Pradesh
Rudrasagar Lake Tripura
Sasthamkotta Tamil Nadu

Lake How many pairs given above are correctly matched?

(a) Only one pair

(b) Only two pairs

(d) All four pairs

Aarogya Setu

Which of the above are built on top of open-source digital platforms?

(b) 2, 3 and 4 only

32. With reference to Web 3.0, consider the following statements

Web 3.0 technology enables people to control their own data
In Web 3.0 world, there can be blockchain based social networks
Web 3.0 is operated by users collectively rather than a corporation

b) 2 and 3 only

c) 1 and 3 only

d) 1, 2 and 3

33. With reference to “Software as a Service (SaaS)”, consider the following statements:

SaaS buyers can customise the user interface and can change data fields.
SaaS users can access their data through their mobile devices.
Outlook, Hotmail and Yahoo! Mail are forms of SaaS.
Which one of the following statements best reflects the idea behind the “Fractional Orbital Bombardment System” often talked about in media?

(a) A hypersonic missile is launched into space to counter the asteroid approaching the Earth and explode it in space.

(b) A spacecraft lands on another planet after making several orbital motions.

(d) A spacecraft moves along a comet with the same surface. speed and places a probe on its

Which one of the following is the context in which the term “qubit” is mentioned?

(a) Cloud Services

(b) Quantum Computing

(d) Wireless Communication Technologies

Consider the following communication technologies:
Closed-circuit Television
Radio Frequency Identification
Wireless Local Area Network

Which of the above are considered of the Short-Range devices/technologies?

(a) 1 and 2 only.

37. Consider the following statements:

Biofilms can form on medical implants within human tissues.
Biofilms can form on food and food processing surfaces.
Biofilms can exhibit antibiotic resistance.

a)1 and 2 only

Consider the following statements in respect of probiotics :
Probiotics are made of both bacteria and yeast.
The organisms in probiotics are found in foods we ingest but they do not naturally occur in our gut.
Probiotics help in the digestion of milk sugars.

(d) 2 and 3

In the context of vaccines manufactured to prevent COVID-19 pandemic, consider the following statements:
The Serum Institute of India produced COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield using mRNA platform.
Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using vector based platform.
COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen based vaccine.
If a major solar storm (solar flare) reaches the Earth, which of the following are the possible effects on the Earth?
GPS and navigation systems could fail.
Tsunamis could occur at equatorial regions.
Power grids could be damaged.
Intense auroras could occur over much of the Earth.
Forest fires could take place over much of the planet.
Orbits of the satellites could be disturbed.
Shortwave radio communication of the aircraft flying over polar regions could be interrupted.

(a) 1, 2, 4 and 5 only

(b) 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 only

(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7

“Climate Action Tracker” which monitors the emission reduction Pledges of different countries is a:

a) Database created by coalition of research organisations

b) Wing of ‘International Panel of Climate Change”

c) Committee under “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change”

d) Agency promoted and financed by United Nations Environment Programme and World Bank

42. Consider the following statements:

“The Climate Group” is an international non-profit organization that drives climate action by building large networks and runs them.
The International Energy Agency in partnership with the Climate Group launched a global initiative “EP100”.
EP100 brings together leading companies committed to driving innovation in energy efficiency and increasing competitiveness while delivering on emission reduction goals.
Some Indian companies are members of EP100.
The International Energy Agency is the Secretariat to the “Under2 Coalition”.

a) 1, 2, 4 and 5

b) 1, 3 and 4 only

c) 2, 3 and 5 only

d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

“If rainforests and tropical forests are the lungs of the Earth, then surely wetlands function as its kidneys.” Which one of the following functions of wetlands best reflects the above statement?

(a) The water cycle in wetlands involves surface runoff, subsoil percolation and evaporation.

(b) Algae form the nutrient base upon which fish, crustaceans, molluscs, birds, reptiles and mammals thrive.

(d) Aquatic plants absorb heavy metals and excess nutrients.

In the Guidelines, statements: context of WHO consider the Air Quality following
The 24-hour mean of PM2.5 should not exceed 15 ug/m³ and annual mean of PM2.5 should not exceed 5 µg/m³.
In a year, the highest levels of ozone pollution occur during the periods of inclement weather.
PM10 can penetrate the lung barrier and enter the bloodstream.
Excessive ozone in the air can trigger asthma.

(a) 1, 3 and 4

(b) 1 and 4 only

(d) 1 and 2 only

With reference to “Gucchi” sometimes mentioned in the news, consider the following statements:
It is a fungus.
It grows in some Himalayan forest areas.
It is commercially cultivated in the Himalayan foothills of north-eastern India.

With reference to polyethylene terephthalate, the use of which is so widespread in our daily lives, consider the following statements:
Its fibres can be blended with wool and cotton fibres to reinforce their properties.
Containers made of it can be used to store any alcoholic beverage.
Bottles made of it can be recycled into other products.
Articles made of it can be easily disposed of by incineration without causing greenhouse gas emissions.

(a) 1 and 3

(b) 2 and 4

Which of the following is not a bird?

(a) Golden Mahseer

(b) Indian Nightjar

(d) White Ibis

Which of the following are nitrogen-fixing plants?
Purslane (Kulfa)

(a) 1, 3 and 4 only

(b) 1, 3, 5 and 6 only

(d) 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6

“Biorock technology” is talked about in which one of the following situations?

(a) Restoration of damaged coral reefs

(b) Development of building materials using plant residues

(d) Providing salt licks for wild animals in forests/protected areas

The “Miyawaki method” is well known for the:

(a) Promotion of commercial farming in arid and semi-arid areas

(d). Harvesting wind energy on coastal areas and on sea surfaces

(b) Development of gardens genetically modified flora using

(d) Creation of mini forests in urban areas

In the Government of India Act 1919, the functions of Provincial Government were divided into “Reserved” and “Transferred” subjects. Which of the following were treated as “Reserved” subjects?
Administration of Justice
Local Self-Government
Land Revenue

(a) 1, 2 and 3

(b) 2, 3 and 4

(d) 1, 2 and 4

In medieval India, the term “Fanam” referred to:

a) Clothing

c) Ornaments

Consider the following freedom fighters:
Barindra Kumar Ghosh
Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee
Rash Behari Bose

Who of the above was/were actively associated with the Ghadar Party?

With reference to the proposals of Cripps Mission, consider the following statements:
The Constituent Assembly would have members nominated by the Provincial Assemblies as well as the Princely States.
Any Province, which is not prepared to accept the new Constitution would have the right to sign a separate agreement with Britain regarding its future status.
Historical person Known as

1. Aryadeva : Jaina scholar

2. Dignaga : Buddhist scholar

3. Nathamuni : Vaishnava scholar

How many pairs given above are correctly matched?

a) None of the pairs

b) Only one pair

c) Only two pairs

d) All three pairs

With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements:
The first Mongol invasion of India happened during the reign of Jalal-ud-din Khalji.
During the reign of Ala-ud-din Khalji, one Mongol assault marched up to Delhi and besieged the city.
Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq temporarily lost portions of north-west of his kingdom to Mongols.
With reference to Indian history, who of the following were known as “Kulah-Daran”?

a) Arab merchants

b) Qalandars

c) Persian calligraphists

The Dutch established their factories/warehouses on the east coast on lands granted to them by Gajapati rulers.
Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate.
The English East India. Company established a factory at Madras on a plot of land leased from a representative of the Vijayanagara empire.

60. With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements:

The English East India Company established a factory at Madras on a plot of land leased from a representative of the Vijayanagara empire.
Tight monetary policy of US Federal Reserve could lead to capital flight.
Capital flight may increase the interest cost of firms with existing External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs).
Devaluation of domestic currency decreases the currency risk associated with ECBS.
Consider the following States:
Andhra Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh

How many of the above are generally known as tea-producing States?

(a) Only one State

(b) Only two States

(d) All four States

In India, credit rating agencies are regulated by Reserve Bank of India.
The rating agency popularly known as ICRA is a public limited company.
Brickwork Ratings is an Indian credit rating agency.
With reference to the ‘Banks Board Bureau (BBB)’, which of the following statements are correct?
The Governor of RBI is the Chairman of
BBB recommends for the selection of heads for Public Sector Banks.
BBB helps the Public Sector Banks in developing strategies and capital raising plans.
Convertible Bonds, consider the following statements:
As there is an option to exchange the bond for equity, Convertible Bonds pay a lower rate of interest.
The option to convert to equity affords the bondholder a degree of indexation to rising consumer prices.

66.Consider the following:

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
Missile Technology Control Regime
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

India is a member of which of the above?

Vietnam has been one of the fastest growing economies in the world in the recent years.
Vietnam is led by a multi-party political system.
Vietnam’s economic growth is linked to its integration with global supply chains and focus on exports.
For a long time Vietnam’s low labour costs and stable exchange rates have attracted global manufacturers.
Vietnam has the most productive e-service sector in the Indo-Pacific region.

(a) 2 and 4

(b) 3 and 5

(d) 1, 3 and 4

In India, which one of the following is responsible for maintaining price stability by controlling inflation?

(a) Department of Consumer Affairs

(b) Expenditure Management Commission

(d) Reserve Bank of India

With reference to Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), consider the following statements:
They enable the digital representation of physical assets.
They are unique cryptographic tokens that exist on a blockchain.
They can be traded or exchanged at equivalency and therefore can be used as a medium transactions. of commercial

c) 1 and 3 only.

Reservoirs: States

Ghataprabha: Telangana.
Gandhi Sagar: Madhya Pradesh
Indira Sagar: Andhra Pradesh
Maithon: Chhattisgarh

How many pairs given above are not correctly matched?

(b) Only two pairs PAY

71. In India, which one of the following compiles information on industrial disputes, closures,

entrenchments and lay-offs in factories employing workers?

a) Central Statistics Office

b) Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade

c) Labour Bureau

d) National Technical Manpower Information System

72.In India, what is the role of the Coal Controller’s Organization (CCO)? 1. CCO is the major source of Coal Statistics in Government of India. 2. It monitors progress of development of Captive Coal/Lignite blocks. 3. It hears any objection to the Government’s notification relating to acquisition of coal-bearing areas. 4. It ensures that coal mining companies deliver the coal to end users in the prescribed time.

Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1, 2 and 3 b) 3 and 4 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 1, 2 and 4

If a particular area is brought under the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India, which one of the following statements best reflects the consequence of it?

(a) This would prevent the transfer of land of tribal people to non-tribal people.

(b) This would create a local self-governing body in that area.

(d) The State having such areas would be declared a Special Category State.

74. Consider the following statements:

The India Sanitation Coalition is a platform to promote sustainable sanitation and is funded by the Government of India and the World Health Organization.

2. The National Institute of Urban Affairs is an apex body of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs in Government of India and provides innovative solutions to address the challenges of Urban India.

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2

Which one of the following has been constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 ?

(a)Central Water Commission

(b) Central Ground Water Board

(d) National Water Development Agency

76. With reference to the “United Nations Credentials Committee”, consider the following

statements:

It is a committee set up by the UN Security Council and works under its supervision.
It traditionally meets in March, June and September every year.
It assesses the credentials of all UN members before submitting a report to the General Assembly for approval.
Which one of the following statements best describes the ‘Polar Code’?

a) It is the international code of safety for ships operating in polar waters.

b) It is the agreement of the countries around the North Pole regarding the demarcation of their

territories in the polar region.

c) It is a set of norms to be followed by the countries whose scientists undertake research studies in the North Pole and South Pole.

d) It is a trade and security agreement of the member countries of the Arctic Council.

With reference to the United Nations General Assembly, consider the following statements :
The UN General Assembly can grant observer status to the no the non-member States.
Inter-governmental organisations can seek observer status in the UN General Assembly.
Permanent Observers in General Assembly can the UN maintain missions at the UN headquarters.
With reference to the “Tea Board” in India, consider the following statements:
The Tea Board is a statutory body.
It is a regulatory body attached to the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
The Tea Board’s Head Office is situated in Bengaluru.
The Board has overseas offices at Dubai and Moscow.

(d) 1 and 4

Which one of the following best describes the term “greenwashing”?

(a) Conveying a false impression that a company’s products are eco-friendly and environmentally sound

(b) Non-inclusion of ecological/ environmental costs in the Annual Financial Statements of a country

(d) Making mandatory provisions for environmental costs in a government project/programme

81. Consider the following statements:

High clouds primarily reflect solar radiation and cool the surface of the Earth.
Low clouds have a high absorption of infrared radiation emanating from the Earth’s surface and thus cause warming effect.

82. Consider the following statements:

Bidibidi is a large refugee settlement in north-western Kenya.
Some people who fled from South Sudan civil war live in Bidibidi.
Some people who fled from civil war in Somalia live in Dadaab refugee complex in Kenya.

83. Consider the following countries:

Which of the above are members of the Organization of Turkic States?

a) 1, 2 and 4

d) 3, 4 and 5

Consider the following statements :
Gujarat has the largest solar park in India
Kerala has a fully solar powered International Airport
Goa has the largest floating solar photovoltaic project in India.
With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea, consider the following statements:

A coastal state has the right to establish

the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baseline determined in accordance with the convention.
Ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea.
The Exclusive Economic Zone shall not

extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Which one of the following statements best reflects the issue with Senkaku Islands, sometimes mentioned in the news?

(a) It is generally believed that they are artificial islands made by a country around South China Sea.

(b) China and Japan engage in maritime disputes over these islands in East China Sea.

(d) Though International Court of Justice declared them as no man’s land, some South-East Asian countries claim them.

Country: Important reason for being in the news recently

Chad: Setting up a permanent military base by China
Guinea: Suspension of Constitution and Government by military
Lebanon: Severe and prolonged economic depression
Tunisia: Suspension of Parliament by President
Consider the following pairs: Region often mentioned in the news: Country.
Anatolia: Turkey
Amhara: Ethiopia.
Cabo Delgado: Spain.
Catalonia: Italy.
With reference to Indian laws about wildlife protection, consider the following statements :
Wild animals are the sole property of the government.
When a wild animal is declared protected, such animal is entitled for equal protection whether it is found in protected areas or outside.
Apprehension of a protected wild animal becoming a danger to human life is sufficient ground for its capture or killing.
Certain species of which one of the following organisms are well known as cultivators of fungi?

b) Cockroach

Site of Ashoka’s major rock edicts : Location in the State of

Dhauli : Odisha

Erragudi : Andhra Pradesh

Jaugada : Madhya Pradesh

Kalsi : Karnataka

92. Consider the following pairs: King: Dynasty

Nannuka: Chandela.
Jayashakti: Paramara.
Nagabhata II: Gurjara-Pratihara.
Bhoja: Rashtrakuta.
Which one of the following statements about Sangam literature in ancient South India is correct?

(a) Sangam poems are devoid of any reference to material culture.

(b) The social classification of Varna was known to Sangam poets.

(d) Sangam literature refers to magical forces as irrational.

94. “Yogavasistha” was translated into Persian by Nizamuddin Panipati during the reign of:

c) Shahjahan

d) Aurangzeb

The world’s second tallest statue in sitting pose of Ramanuja was inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India at Hyderabad recently. Which one of the following statements correctly represents the teachings of Ramanuja?

(a) The best means of salvation was devotion.

(b) Vedas are eternal, self-existent and wholly authoritative.

(d) Salvation was to be obtained through meditation.

96. The Prime Minister recently inaugurated the new Circuit House near Somnath Temple at Veraval.

Which of the following statements are correct regarding Somnath Temple?

Somnath Temple is one of the Jyotirlinga shrines.
A description of Somnath Temple was given by Al-Biruni.
Pran Pratishtha of Somnath Temple (installation of the present day temple) was done by President S. Radhakrishnan.
Which one of the following statements best describes the role of B cells and T cells in the human body?

(a) They protect the environmental allergens. body

(b) They alleviate the body’s pain and inflammation.

(d) They protect the body from the diseases caused by pathogens.

Other than those made by humans, nanoparticles do not exist in nature.
Nanoparticles of some metallic oxides are used in the manufacture of some cosmetics.
Nanoparticles of some commercial products which enter the environment are unsafe for humans.
Consider the following statements: DNA Barcoding can be a tool to:
assess the age of a plant or animal.
distinguish among species that look alike.
identify undesirable animal or plant materials in processed foods.

(a) 1 only.

(b) 3 only.

(d) 2 and 3.

Consider the following:
Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen oxide
Sulphur dioxide

Excess of which of the above in the environment is/are cause(s) of acid rain?

(b) 2 and 4 only

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Essay Paper (UPSC CSE Mains 2022)

UPSC CSE Mains 2022 Essay Paper was conducted on 16 th September 2022. Students can see the question paper here.

Watch Live Discussion of UPSC CSE Essay Paper by Shabbir Sir: 16th September 2022, 6 P.M. Onwards

Instructions

Write two essays choosing, choosing one topic from each of Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each: (125×2=250)

Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
A ship in the harbor is safe, but that is not what a ship is for.
The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
You cannot step twice in the same river.
A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them have to be right.

Click for UPSC CSE Mains 2021 Paper – In-Depth Analysis

Table of Contents

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: what is the format of the essay paper in upsc cse mains 2022.

A1: The Essay Paper consists of two sections, each with four essay topics. Candidates are required to choose one topic from each section and write two essays in a three-hour duration. The word limit for each essay is 1,000-1,200 words.

Q2: How are essays evaluated in the UPSC CSE Mains 2022 Essay Paper?

A2: Essays are evaluated based on several criteria, including clarity of expression, coherence, depth of understanding, critical analysis, and the candidate’s ability to present arguments effectively. The examiner also looks for a balanced perspective, originality, and the candidate’s awareness of current events and issues.

Q3: Can I write the Essay Paper in regional languages in UPSC CSE Mains 2022?

A3: No, the Essay Paper must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate, which is either English or Hindi. Answers in any other medium will not be evaluated.

Q4: Is it necessary to provide examples and illustrations in essays?

A4: Yes, providing relevant examples and illustrations is crucial in essay writing. It helps in supporting arguments, making the essay more convincing, and showcasing the candidate’s understanding of the topic. However, excessive use of examples without a coherent discussion may be counterproductive.

Q5: Can I carry a rough sheet for brainstorming before writing the essay in UPSC CSE Mains 2022?

A5: No, candidates are not allowed to carry any material, including rough sheets, into the examination hall. All rough work should be done in the answer booklets provided by the examination center. Candidates are advised to manage their time effectively and plan their essays before starting to write.

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Lukmaan IAS

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"THE 400 DREAMS" (ALL INDIA SCHOLARSHIP TEST)

Courses test series, our selections, essay question paper: upsc cse mains 2022.

Compiled by Lukmaan IAS
September 16, 2022
Essay Paper Analysis , UPSC Essay Paper-2022 , UPSC Paper Analysis , UPSC PAPER-2022

Table of Contents

1. Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence
2. Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world
3. History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man
4. A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for
5. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining
6. You cannot step twice in the same river
7. A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities
8. Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right

SOCIOLOGY OPTIONAL QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE Mains-2022

Public admin. (paper-ii) question paper : upsc cse mains-2022, public admin. (paper-i) question paper : upsc cse mains-2022, gs paper-4 upsc cse mains-2022.

13th Computer Science On-line Conference 2024

Submit Paper

Call for Papers

Participation Description
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Time slot selection is possible after login . Click here to view conference program.

The 13th Computer Science On-line Conference 2024 brings together researchers and practitioners (young and experienced) interested in strengthening the scientific foundations in computer science, informatics, and software engineering.

CSOC2024 is an environmentally-friendly scientific meeting as all attendees will participate using a web-based conferencing solution.

The traditional concepts of scientific conferences are improved by modern communication technology. CSOC2024 uses an innovative methodology to allow scientists, postdocs and doctoral students to share their knowledge and ideas on-line. This makes scientific conferencing more environmentally-friendly and ecological as well as more economical for participants too. There are no travel costs or accommodation costs . Participate on-line from your office or home !

The conference will be organized in three main sections:

Software Engineering Research in System Science
Artificial Intelligence Application in Networks and Systems
Networks and Systems in Cybernetics

Radek Silhavy, Ph.D. , [email protected]

Program Committee Chairs:

Petr Silhavy, Ph.D. , Associate Professor, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Radek Silhavy, Ph.D. , Associate Professor,Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Roman Senkerik, Ph.D. , Professor, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Zdenka Prokopova, Ph.D. , Associate Professor, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Prof. Roman Prokop, Ph.D. , Professor, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Prof. Viacheslav Zelentsov , Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Chief Researcher of St.Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of Russian Academy of Sciences (SPIIRAS). Roman Tsarev, Ph.D. , Department of Information Technology, International Academy of Science and Technologies, Moscow, Russia Stefano Cirillo , Department of Computer Science, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy

International Program Committee Members:

Juraj Dudak, Ph.D. , Associate Professor, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Gabriel Gaspar, Ph.D. , Associate Professor, Research Centre, University of Zilina, Zilina, Slovak Republic. Boguslaw Cyganek, Ph.D., DSc, Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland. Krzysztof Okarma, Ph.D., DSc , Faculty of Electrical Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland. Maciej Majewski, Ph.D., D.Sc. , Department of Engineering of Technical and Informatic Systems, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland Monika Bakosova, Ph.D. , Associate Professor, Institute of Information Engineering, Automation and Mathematics, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Pavel Vaclavek, Ph.D. , Associate Professor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic. Miroslaw Ochodek, Ph.D. , Faculty of Computing, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland. Olga Brovkina, Ph.D. , Global Change Research Centre Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic. Elarbi Badidi, Ph.D. , College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Dr. Luis Alberto Morales Rosales , Head of the Master Program in Computer Science, Superior Technological Institute of Misantla, Mexico. Mariana Lobato Baes,M.Sc. , Research-Professor, Superior Technological of Libres, Mexico. Abdessattar Chaâri , Professor, Laboratory of Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering, University of Sfax, Tunisian Republic. Gopal Sakarkar , Shri. Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Republic of India. V. V. Krishna Maddinala , Assistant Professor, GD Rungta College of Engineering and Technology, Republic of India. Dr Anand N Shakya, PhD , Scientist, Maharashtra Remote Sensing Applications Centre,Republic of India. Abdallah Handoura , Assistant Prof, Computer and Communication Laboratory,Telecom Bretagne - France Almaz Mobil Mehdiyeva , Associate Professor at the Department of Electronics and Automation, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Azerbaijan

CSOC2024 seeks high-quality, original papers that address the theory, design, development and evaluation of ideas, tools, techniques and methodologies in (but not limited to) the following topics:

Computer Science: Communication Systems and Networks, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Data Mining and Knowledge Recovery, Economic and Financial Systems, Healthcare Engineering, Human-Computer Interaction, Information Management Systems, Internet and Information Systems Development, Mobile/Wireless Computing, Parallel and Distributed Computing, Process Management & Improvement, Programming languages, Technology Transfer, Telecommunications, Web-Based Applications, and Computer Game Development

Software Engineering: Aspect-orientation and Feature Interaction, Business Process Reengineering and Science, Component-Based Software Engineering, User Modeling and Management, Cost Modeling and Analysis, Design Patterns and Frameworks, Empirical Software Engineering, End-user Software Engineering, Engineering of Distributed/parallel SW Systems, Engineering of Embedded and Real-time Software, Engineering Secure Software, Formal Methods and Tools, Modeling with UML, Middleware Design Techniques, Object-Oriented Technology, Patterns and Frameworks, Program Comprehension and Visualization, Reengineering, Reverse Engineering, Reliability Modeling and Analysis, Requirements Engineering, Reverse Engineering and Maintenance, Safety and Security Critical Software, Software Architecture and Design, Software Components and their Reuse, Software Dependability, Safety and Reliability, Software Economics and Metrics, Software Engineering for Mobiles, Ubiquitous and Pervasive Systems, Software Policy and Ethics, Software Process Models, Software processes and workflows, Software requirements engineering, Software Reuse and Metrics, Software Testing and Analysis, Software Tools and Development Environments, SW Configuration Management and Deployment, Theory and Formal Methods, Modeling Use Cases and Scenarios, Web Engineering

Informatics: Computer Animation and Design Contents, Distributed Intelligent Systems, Information Systems Engineering, Virtual Reality and Computer Graphics, Visual and Multimedia Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Software Agent Technology, Neural Networks, Chaos Theory, Fuzzy Systems, Fractals

Cybernetics and Automation Theory: Adaptive Control and Robust Control,Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering, Automation in Biology, Medicine and Chemical Engineering, Circuits and Electronics for Control, Computational Intelligence and Applications, Control Theory and Control Engineering Fuzzy Systems and Fuzzy Control, Cybernetics and Man-Machine Interaction, Digital Control and Real-time Control,Fuzzy Systems and Fuzzy Control, Genetic Algorithms and Evolutionary Control, Hierarchical Control and Large Scale Systems, Hybrid Systems, Industrial Automation, Control and Online Monitoring, Intelligent Automation and Manufacturing , Intelligent Control Theory and Optimization, Microprocessors and Embedded Systems, Identification and Fault Diagnosis, Navigation Control Theory and Applications, eural Networks and Neural Control, Optimal Control and Stochastic Control, Optimization Problems in Control Engineering Signal Processing Systems for Control, Systems Engineering and Engineering Optimization

Intelligent technologies and methods of multi-model forecasting the state and management of complex natural and technological objects; methods and technologies of integrated processing of heterogeneous data, information and knowledge in tasks of monitoring and proactive management; implementation of intelligent information technologies for monitoring and forecasting in decision support systems for managing complex natural and technological objects.

Paper Submission Instructions and Submission Process:

Authors will prepare a full conference paper following the structure: Introduction – Methods – Results - Discussions
Prior to submitting your paper, please follow the instructions in this instruction . For your paper preparation, you have to follow Springer templates: http://www.springer.com/engineering?SGWID=0-175-6-1381428-0
Corresponding authors will log into their account to upload the camera-ready version of their paper + copyright form, if the paper is accepted
At least three reviewers will evaluate the submission in a blind-peer review. Authors will be informed by e-mail about the acceptance results
Corresponding authors will pay a conference fee. The payment process is described here: Payment Description page .
All documents can be found in the Download section too.

Conference Fees:

EUR 390,- per accepted paper. The conference fee includes the Springer conference proceedings (PDF) of the section in which the paper is presented.

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8th computational methods in systems and software 2024, quick links.

Submit a paper

CSOC is held under the auspices of the Faculty of Applied Informatics, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Czech Republic.

Important dates

Paper Submission (extended): March 15, 2024

Paper Acceptance Notification Date (extended): March 20, 2024

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Essay Syllabus – Civil Services Mains Exam UPSC

Last updated on April 3, 2024 by Alex Andrews George

Table of Contents

Tips for UPSC Essay Paper from ClearIAS.com

Do keep in mind the below-mentioned tips. Following these strategies can make a huge boost in your Essay Paper marks .

Try to write a few essays in full during your preparation, simulating the environment in the examination hall.
Familiarize yourself with previous essays asked by UPSC so that you will have a clear picture of the type and standard of questions to be expected.
UPSC/the examiner normally gives credit to new perspectives and fresh analysis.
Avoid verbosity and flowery language. Use a simple style instead.
You may use relevant quotes to reinforce your arguments. But never try to alter the quotes of great personalities.
Good handwriting is always an asset. If your handwriting is not legible, put some effort into that area.
Make your statements precise. Avoid guesses.
The introductory paragraph should have clear indications about what you are going to write in the essay.
You may show your inferences in the concluding paragraph.

Also read: ClearIAS launches Essay Writing Course for UPSC

Additional Links:

Useful Civil Services Books .
Civil Services Study Materials for Online Preparation .
IAS Question Papers .

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About Alex Andrews George

Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and social entrepreneur. Alex is the founder of ClearIAS and one of the expert Civil Service Exam Trainers in India.

He is the author of many best-seller books like 'Important Judgments that transformed India' and 'Important Acts that transformed India'.

A trusted mentor and pioneer in online training , Alex's guidance, strategies, study-materials, and mock-exams have helped many aspirants to become IAS, IPS, and IFS officers.

Reader Interactions

October 16, 2015 at 12:03 am

Hello sir…. May I know what is the language to write an essay…. I mean English or hindi…thanks

August 8, 2016 at 7:44 pm

Your exam medium is essay langauge

July 7, 2022 at 1:37 am

What types of eassy come in upsc?

May 12, 2016 at 12:59 am

Hello sir…… May I know that what is trade under in IAS. & which is the best course after 12th & which is the best subjects for IAS preparation.

August 28, 2020 at 7:20 am

Make any one of the optional subject as your UG stream .it will help you in the preparation

May 23, 2016 at 7:03 am

plz suggest me books for essay in hindi and english language

October 5, 2016 at 12:25 pm

pls tell me good essay book of bengali version.

December 2, 2016 at 9:15 pm

January 7, 2017 at 4:53 pm

Wt is the medium of essay writing Any language…? We can choose

February 18, 2017 at 9:25 pm

suggest some topics for essay writing

October 13, 2017 at 3:24 pm

Which syllabus for essay writing

October 13, 2017 at 3:26 pm

which topics for essay writing tell me please

April 7, 2017 at 4:45 pm

One of the most discriptive and very helpful website for civil services aapirants..

November 8, 2018 at 1:36 pm

Sir IAS yaa IPS Ke liye physical yaa medical exam bhi dena hota h kya

November 22, 2018 at 11:45 am

PLEASE CLEAR CIVIL SERVICE MAINS PAPER A & B

August 5, 2019 at 9:49 am

my mother tongue is Bengali .can I give the mains exam in Bengali??

August 10, 2019 at 1:15 pm

Hello sir!! Can I know from which topic these essays will be given. Like, generally or from optional subjects we choose?!

September 14, 2019 at 12:39 pm

Go through the previous years question papers to find out what type of essay do UPSC ask

October 13, 2019 at 10:52 am

Sir , What are those tips & advices you are gonna give for school students who’s aim is to become an IAS officer ?

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Title: deepseek-v2: a strong, economical, and efficient mixture-of-experts language model.

Abstract: We present DeepSeek-V2, a strong Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language model characterized by economical training and efficient inference. It comprises 236B total parameters, of which 21B are activated for each token, and supports a context length of 128K tokens. DeepSeek-V2 adopts innovative architectures including Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) and DeepSeekMoE. MLA guarantees efficient inference through significantly compressing the Key-Value (KV) cache into a latent vector, while DeepSeekMoE enables training strong models at an economical cost through sparse computation. Compared with DeepSeek 67B, DeepSeek-V2 achieves significantly stronger performance, and meanwhile saves 42.5% of training costs, reduces the KV cache by 93.3%, and boosts the maximum generation throughput to 5.76 times. We pretrain DeepSeek-V2 on a high-quality and multi-source corpus consisting of 8.1T tokens, and further perform Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) to fully unlock its potential. Evaluation results show that, even with only 21B activated parameters, DeepSeek-V2 and its chat versions still achieve top-tier performance among open-source models.

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Britain to Expel Russian Defense Attaché and Close Some Diplomatic Sites

The British home secretary, James Cleverly, accused Russia’s domestic intelligence agency of a pattern of “malign activity” in Britain and Europe.

An aerial view of a castle surrounded by green trees and grass.

By Mark Landler

Reporting from London

Britain’s diplomatic feud with Russia escalated on Wednesday after the British government announced it would expel a senior Russian diplomat who officials claim is an “undeclared” military intelligence officer, and also shut down several Russian diplomatic facilities in the country.

The government accused Russia’s domestic intelligence agency, the Federal Security Service, or F.S.B., of a pattern of “malign activity” in Britain and Europe, including hacking and leaking trade documents relating to the United States, and targeting of British lawmakers through malicious email campaigns.

James Cleverly, the British home secretary, told Parliament that the government was announcing the retaliatory measures “to make clear to Russia that we will not tolerate such apparent escalations.”

Britain’s action came two days after the Russian Foreign Ministry said it had summoned the British ambassador to Moscow to lodge a “strong protest” over remarks the British foreign secretary, David Cameron, had made about Ukraine’s using weapons supplied by Britain to strike Russian territory.

The British Foreign Office disputed that the envoy, Nigel Casey, had been summoned, characterizing it instead as a “diplomatic meeting” in which, it said, he had “reiterated the United Kingdom’s support for Ukraine in the face of unprovoked Russian aggression.”

Whatever the diplomatic nuances, it is clear Britain’s relations with Russia — already among the most brittle of any between Moscow and a NATO member — are tumbling into an even deeper freeze. Russia’s Foreign Ministry vowed a “tough and measured” response, according to a statement.

“We consider extremely irresponsible and categorically unacceptable the claims of the British about the alleged involvement of our country in certain malicious actions,” said Maria V. Zakharova, a spokeswoman for the ministry.

Mr. Cleverly said Britain would expel the diplomat, a defense attaché whom he did not identify, and put new restrictions on visas for Russian diplomats, limiting the amount of time they can spend in Britain. He said Russia had tried to destabilize a British research group that focused on combating disinformation.

Britain will also strip the diplomatic status of Russian-owned properties, including Seacox Heath , a house in East Sussex that the Russian embassy has used as a weekend retreat for its staff, and a trade and defense office in Highgate, in London. Mr. Cleverly said these facilities “have been used for intelligence purposes.”

In addition to its operations in Britain, Mr. Cleverly accused Russia of plotting to sabotage German military aid for Ukraine and of carrying out espionage in Italy and Bulgaria. Among its activities, he said, were cyber and disinformation campaigns and the jamming of signals to disrupt civil aviation.

In a statement, Mr. Cameron, the foreign secretary, said, “Since the illegal invasion of Ukraine, Russia’s attempts to undermine U.K. and European security have become increasingly brazen.”

“These measures are an unequivocal message to the Russian state — their actions will not go unanswered,” he said.

It was the second time this week that Britain accused a hostile foreign actor of cyberattacks. In the first announcement on Tuesday — involving a large-scale breach of the payroll data of British military personnel — it did not name the country behind the attack. Lawmakers pointed the finger at China.

Asked whether Chinese hackers were responsible, Prime Minister Rishi Sunak of Britain said China was “acting in a way that is more authoritarian at home, assertive abroad.” Britain, he added, was confronting “an axis of authoritarian states, including Russia, Iran, North Korea and China.”

Britain’s tensions with Russia date back decades. But they deepened in 2018, after a former Russian intelligence agent and his daughter were poisoned with a nerve agent in Salisbury, England. Britain blamed Russia’s military intelligence and expelled 23 diplomats it branded as undeclared intelligence officers.

In 2020, a British parliamentary committee concluded that Russia had mounted a prolonged campaign to undermine Britain’s democracy — using tactics from disinformation, meddling in elections, funneling dirty money and employing members of the House of Lords. Russia dismissed the conclusions as “Russophobia.”

Britain was one of the first NATO countries to supply weapons to Ukraine, as it faced a threat from Russian troops in early 2022. A succession of British leaders, including Mr. Sunak and one of his predecessors, Boris Johnson — have staked out positions as stalwart defenders of Ukraine against Russia.

Mr. Cameron, who also served as prime minister, lobbied Republicans in Washington to extend American military aid to Ukraine, even paying a visit to former President Donald J. Trump at Mar-a-Lago, his estate in Palm Beach, Fla.

Mr. Cameron provoked a furious reaction in Moscow when he suggested during a recent visit to Kyiv, the Ukrainian capital, that Ukraine “absolutely has the right to strike back at Russia,” including with British weapons. The United States and other suppliers of arms have generally discouraged strikes on Russian territory because of fears that it could draw the West further into the war.

In its statement after calling in the British ambassador, the Russian Foreign Ministry said Mr. Cameron was “de facto recognizing his country as a party to the conflict.”

“The ambassador was called upon to think about the inevitable catastrophic consequences of such hostile steps from London,” the ministry said.

Britain’s suspicion of Russia extends even to the British royal family. Researchers in Britain reported that a Kremlin-linked disinformation network had spread spurious reports on social media about the health problems of Catherine, Princess of Wales, with a goal of inflaming divisions and eroding trust in institutions.

Catherine disclosed in March that she had been diagnosed with cancer, which quieted those rumors. But with Britain only months away from an anticipated general election, researchers and government officials are on guard for evidence of further Russian efforts to destabilize the country.

Anton Troianovski contributed reporting.

An earlier version of this article referred imprecisely to the agency Britain accused. It is the Federal Security Service, or F.S.B., which is Russia’s domestic intelligence agency, not its foreign intelligence service. The error was repeated in a capsule summary and a picture caption.

How we handle corrections

Mark Landler is the London bureau chief of The Times, covering the United Kingdom, as well as American foreign policy in Europe, Asia and the Middle East. He has been a journalist for more than three decades. More about Mark Landler

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Essay writing for CSE. For the CSE essay paper, two essays have to be written under 3 hours in the 1000-1200 word limit. Each essay carries 125 marks for a total of 250. The essay paper is divided into two sections - A and B, each carrying a choice of 4 essays each, and the aspirant has to choose only one essay from each section.
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download essay question paper : upsc cse mains 2022. download general studies 1 question paper : upsc cse mains 2022. download general studies 2 question paper : upsc cse mains 2022. download general studies 3 question paper : upsc cse mains 2022 . upsc mains general studies paper - 4 mains 2022 general studies. paper - 4. section a
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UPSC CSE Prelims Question Paper 2022 GS paper 1 SET - C . UPSC IAS Civil Services Preliminary (Prelims) Exam - 2022: General Studies Paper - 1 (Set A) ... Previous Post Previous Insights Weekly Essay Challenges 2022 - Week 77 : Don't let what you cannot do interfere with what you can do. Next Post Next [ Question Paper ] ...
Essay Paper (UPSC CSE Mains 2022)
Watch Live Discussion of UPSC CSE Essay Paper by Shabbir Sir: 16th September 2022, 6 P.M. Onwards. Instructions. Write two essays choosing, choosing one topic from each of Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each: (125×2=250) Section A. Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
Essay Question Paper: UPSC CSE Mains 2022
Essay Question Paper: UPSC CSE Mains 2022. Compiled by Lukmaan IAS September 16, 2022 Essay Paper Analysis, UPSC Essay Paper-2022, UPSC Paper Analysis, UPSC PAPER-2022; Table of Contents. Section A; Section B; Print. Section A. 1. Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence; 2. Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world
CSOC2024
The 13th Computer Science On-line Conference 2024 brings together researchers and practitioners (young and experienced) interested in strengthening the scientific foundations in computer science, informatics, and software engineering. Indexed in Web of Science Core Collection - Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science and in SCOPUS since 2014.
Curbing the Menace of Terrorism
Previous Years Papers. GS Paper-I (Year Wise) GS Paper-I (Subject Wise) CSAT. CSAT Strategy; CSAT MCQs; Previous Years Papers; Prelims Special. PT Sprint 2024; Sambhav - 2024; PT Sprint 2023; Sambhav - 2023; Path To Prelims; 60 Steps To Prelims; Prelims Refresher Programme 2020; PT Sprint 2022; UPSC CSE Results; Practice Quiz. Daily ...
The Ultimate Guide to 2022-2023 Stanford Essays
Description. Learn everything you need to know about this year's Stanford essays. Join college and writing consultant Johnathan Patin-Sauls and CollegeVine co-founder Vinay Bhaskara as they go through the ins and outs of writing a strong and compelling response to Stanford's 2022-2023 essay prompts. Stick around for a Q&A to get personalized ...
Essay Syllabus
UPSC Civil Service Mains Paper 1 (popularly known as essay paper) is now of 250 marks. Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.
CUET Economics Question Paper 2024: Download Previous Years' Question
CSE Syllabus; Business Studies Syllabus; Biology Syllabus; Environmental Syllabus; ... CUET Economics Previous Years Question Papers PDF CUET Economics Question Paper 2023. Exam date and Slot Question Paper Answer Key; ... CUET Economics Question Paper 2022: Download PDF : Download PDF: CUET Exam Pattern 2024 for Economics. Particulars
CUET Biology Question Paper 2024: Download Previous Years' Question
CUET Biology question paper 2024 will be available here after the exam concludes. Meanwhile, you may check CUET Biology previous years' question papers with answers pdf provided below. The exam will be held as per the revised CUET exam pattern 2024.This year, CUET UG Biology paper will be held in offline mode.You will be given 45 minutes to answer 40 questions out of 50.
NeurIPS 2022 Call for Papers
Call For Papers. Abstract submission deadline: Monday, May 16, 2022 01:00 PM PDT. Full paper submission and co-author registration deadline: Thursday, May 19, 2022 01:00 PM PDT. Supplementary materials submission deadline: Thursday, May 26, 2022 01:00 PM PDT. Author notification: Wednesday, September 14, 2022.
Ukraine's Seaborne Grain Exports Bounce Back to Near Prewar Levels
A farmer harvesting grain in 2022 in Ukraine's Mykolaiv region. Ukraine's seaborne grain and oilseed exports are now approaching prewar levels, according to data shared with The New York Times ...
2022 Conference
The Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation is a non-profit corporation whose purpose is to foster the exchange of research advances in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, principally by hosting an annual interdisciplinary academic conference with the highest ethical standards for a diverse and inclusive community.
NeurIPS 2024 Call for Papers
Call For Papers. Abstract submission deadline: May 15, 2024 01:00 PM PDT or. Full paper submission deadline, including technical appendices and supplemental material (all authors must have an OpenReview profile when submitting): May 22, 2024 01:00 PM PDT or. Author notification: Sep 25, 2024.
[2405.04434] DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture
We present DeepSeek-V2, a strong Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language model characterized by economical training and efficient inference. It comprises 236B total parameters, of which 21B are activated for each token, and supports a context length of 128K tokens. DeepSeek-V2 adopts innovative architectures including Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) and DeepSeekMoE. MLA guarantees efficient ...
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May 8, 2024. Britain's diplomatic feud with Russia escalated on Wednesday after the British government announced it would expel a senior Russian diplomat who officials claim is an "undeclared ...

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1.1 India Since Independence

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6 International issues, Internal Security, History

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