bmat essay questions 2017

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BMAT Past Paper Compilations with Free Worked Solutions

Unsure how much to revise for BMAT? Looking for free explanations for Official BMAT Past Papers? Struggling to find BMAT Section 3 Essay Plans? Welcome to Study mind's BMAT Past Paper Bank with BMAT Past Paper Compilations for BMAT Sections 1 and 2 along with detailed explanations and worked solutions. We also have BMAT Section 3 Essay Plans - your golden BMAT resource.

BMAT S1 Past Papers

• | BMAT Past Paper 2020 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2019 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2018 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2017 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2016 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2015 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2014 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2013 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2012 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2011 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2010 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2009 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2008 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2007 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2006 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2005 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2004 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2003 Section 1 Question Paper Mark Scheme

BMAT S2 Past Papers

• | BMAT Past Paper 2020 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2019 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2018 Section 2BMAT Past Paper 2018 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2017 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2016 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2015 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2014 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2013 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2012 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2011 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2010 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2009 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2008 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2007 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2006 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2005 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2004 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2003 Section 2 Question Paper Mark Scheme

Biology BMAT Past Papers

• 12 | Inheritance and Genetics Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 11 | Homeostasis Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 4 | Digestion Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 6 | Respiration Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 5 | Cell Division Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 6 | Nervous System Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 3 | Natural Selection Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 5 | Genetic Engineering Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 2 | Cell Structure Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 1 | Heart and Circulation Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 3 | Kidneys Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 1 | Carbon Cycle Question Paper Mark Scheme

Physics BMAT Past Papers

• 11 | Waves Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 10 | Electricity Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 3 | Speed, Distance, Time Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 1 | S.I. Units Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 9 | Energy and Work Done Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 6 | Forces Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 2 | Dentistry Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 2 | Electromagnetism Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 9 | Radioactivity Question Paper Mark Scheme

Chemistry BMAT Past Papers

• 4 | Atomic Structure Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 3 | Separation Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 14 | Calculations Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 1 | Electrolysis Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 5 | Structure and Bonding Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 1 | Equilibria Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 9 | Balancing Equations Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 3 | Reactions & Elements Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 4 | Rates Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 3 | Organic Question Paper Mark Scheme

Maths BMAT Past Papers

• 18 | Algebra Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 1 | Transformations Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 2 | Calculations Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 5 | Area & Length Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 4 | Trigonometry Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 6 | Probabilities Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 1 | Ratios Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 2 | Graphs and Gradients Question Paper Mark Scheme
• 1 | Means Question Paper Mark Scheme

Critical Thinking BMAT Past Papers

• | Assumptions Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | Conclusions Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | Flaws Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | Inferences Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | Strengthening Evidence Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | Weakening Evidence Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | Other Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | Conclusions (IMAT) Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | Conclusions 2 (IMAT) Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | Assumptions (IMAT) Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | Flaws (IMAT) Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | Effect of Evidence (IMAT) Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | Applying Principles (IMAT) Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | Matching Arguments (IMAT) Question Paper Mark Scheme

BMAT Section 3 Essay Plans

• | BMAT 2016 Q1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT 2016 Q2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT 2016 Q3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT 2017 Q1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT 2017 Q2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT 2017 Q3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT 2018 Q1 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT 2018 Q2 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT 2018 Q3 Question Paper Mark Scheme

BMAT S3 Past Papers

• | BMAT Past Paper 2019 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2018 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2017 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2016 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2015 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2014 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2013 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2012 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2011 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2010 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2009 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2008 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2007 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2006 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2005 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2004 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme
• | BMAT Past Paper 2003 Section 3 Question Paper Mark Scheme

FREE BMAT Textbook

• Free Guide on Acing the BMAT
• 50+ Practice Questions
• Learn effective techniques

→ What is BMAT?

BMAT stands for BioMedical Admissions Test. It is an aptitude test used for admission to undergraduate biomedical courses at certain universities in the United Kingdom.

→ What are BMAT past paper compilations?

BMAT past paper compilations are collections of previous years' BMAT papers that have been made available to students for practice and preparation. These papers provide an opportunity for candidates to familiarize themselves with the format and types of questions that they might encounter in the actual BMAT test.

→ Why are BMAT past paper compilations useful?

BMAT past paper compilations are useful because they provide candidates with an opportunity to practice and hone their skills before taking the actual test. By familiarizing themselves with the types of questions and format of the test, candidates can improve their performance and increase their chances of success.

→ What are free worked solutions?

Free worked solutions are explanations of the correct answers to questions that are provided with BMAT past paper compilations. These solutions help students understand the reasoning behind the correct answer and can aid in their understanding of the subject matter.

→ Are there any free BMAT past paper compilations with worked solutions available?

Yes, there are several websites that offer free BMAT past paper compilations with worked solutions. These resources are helpful for students who want to prepare for the BMAT test without incurring any additional costs.

→ How can I access free BMAT past paper compilations with worked solutions?

You can access free BMAT past paper compilations with worked solutions by searching online. There are several websites that offer these resources for free, including BMAT Ninja, The Medic Portal, and UniAdmissions.

→ How should I use BMAT past paper compilations with worked solutions?

To make the most of BMAT past paper compilations with worked solutions, you should start by taking a full-length practice test under test conditions. Once you have completed the test, you can use the worked solutions to check your answers and identify any areas where you may need to improve. You can then use this information to guide your study and preparation for the actual BMAT test.

→ Can using BMAT past paper compilations with worked solutions guarantee success in the BMAT test?

While using BMAT past paper compilations with worked solutions can be helpful, it is important to remember that there is no guarantee of success in the BMAT test. Success in the test depends on a variety of factors, including your overall preparation, knowledge of the subject matter, and test-taking skills. However, using these resources can certainly increase your chances of success and help you feel more confident and prepared on test day.

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BMAT Past Paper Compilations with Free Worked Solutions

Unsure how much to revise for bmat physics looking for free explanations for official bmat past papers struggling to find bmat section 3 essay plans.

Welcome to our BMAT Past Paper Bank with BMAT Past Paper Compilations for BMAT Section 1 and 2 along with detailed explanations and worked solutions. We also have BMAT Section 3 Essay Plans - your golden BMAT resource.

BMAT S1 Past Papers

| BMAT Past Paper 2023 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2019 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2018 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2017 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2016 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2015 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2014 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2013 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2012 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2011 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2010 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2009 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2008 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2007 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2006 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2005 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2004 Section 1

| BMAT Past Paper 2003 Section 1

BMAT S2 Past Papers

| BMAT Past Paper 2023 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2019 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2018 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2017 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2016 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2015 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2014 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2013 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2012 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2011 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2010 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2009 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2008 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2007 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2006 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2005 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2004 Section 2

| BMAT Past Paper 2003 Section 2

Biology BMAT Past Papers

12 | Inheritance and Genetics

11 | Homeostasis

4 | Digestion

6 | Respiration

5 | Cell Division

6 | Nervous System

3 | Natural Selection

5 | Genetic Engineering

2 | Cell Structure

1 | Heart and Circulation

3 | Kidneys

1 | Carbon Cycle

Physics BMAT Past Papers

10 | Electricity

3 | Speed, Distance, Time

1 | S.I. Units

9 | Energy and Work Done

2 | Density

2 | Electromagnetism

9 | Radioactivity

Chemistry BMAT Past Papers

4 | Atomic Structure

3 | Separation

14 | Calculations

1 | Electrolysis

5 | Structure and Bonding

1 | Equilibria

9 | Balancing Equations

3 | Reactions & Elements

3 | Organic

Maths BMAT Past Papers

18 | Algebra

1 | Transformations

2 | Calculations

5 | Area & Length

4 | Trigonometry

6 | Probabilities

2 | Graphs and Gradients

Critical Thinking BMAT Past Papers

1 | Assumptions

2 | Conclusions

4 | Inferences

5 | Strengthening Evidence

6 | Weakening Evidence

8 | Conclusions (IMAT)

9 | Conclusions 2 (IMAT)

10 | Assumptions (IMAT)

11 | Flaws (IMAT)

12 | Effect of Evidence (IMAT)

13 | Applying Principles (IMAT)

14 | Matching Arguments (IMAT)

BMAT Section 3 Essay Plans

1 | BMAT 2016 Q1

2 | BMAT 2016 Q2

3 | BMAT 2016 Q3

4 | BMAT 2017 Q1

5 | BMAT 2017 Q2

6 | BMAT 2017 Q3

7 | BMAT 2018 Q1

8 | BMAT 2018 Q2

9 | BMAT 2018 Q3

BMAT S3 Past Papers

| BMAT Past Paper 2019 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2018 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2017 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2016 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2015 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2014 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2013 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2012 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2011 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2010 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2009 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2008 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2007 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2006 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2005 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2004 Section 3

| BMAT Past Paper 2003 Section 3

Free BMAT Textbook

• Free Guide on Acing BMAT
• 50+ Practice Questions
• Learn effective techniques

Get the real learning experience by trying one of our lessons for free today!

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We cover every BMAT Past Paper Question

S1: critical thinking.

We go through BMAT Past Papers from 2003 for Critical Thinking and teach you evidence-based methods to help you answer BMAT Section 1 Questions and do well in the BMAT in 2024.

• Lesson 1 Introduction
• Lesson 2 Conclusions: Theory
• Lesson 3 Conclusions: Questions
• Lesson 4 Assumptions: Theory
• Lesson 5 Assumptions: Questions
• Lesson 6 Flaws: Theory
• Lesson 7 Flaws: Questions
• Lesson 8 Evidence: Theory
• Lesson 9 Evidence: Questions
• Lesson 10 Inferences: Theory
• Lesson 11 Inferences: Questions
• Lesson 12 Principles: Theory
• Lesson 13 Principles: Questions
• Lesson 14 Parallels: Theory
• Lesson 15 Parallels: Questions

Introduction

Here will introduce what critical thinking question types are most common and look at BMAT trends from BMAT past papers over the past 5 years and beyond.

Conclusions: Theory

Here we tackle the easier Conclusion questions. We’ll discuss what these questions involve, and practice some questions together from BMAT Past Papers

Conclusions: Questions

Hopefully by now you have understood the theory and we will apply it to BMAT Past Paper questions to see if you can show us that you have! If you are struggling, we will delve deeper and go into theory more.

Assumptions: Theory

In this tutorial, we tackle the more difficult Assumption questions, discussing a range of techniques for time-saving and efficient working. We work through BMAT Past Paper Worked Solutions

Assumptions: Questions

To make sure you’re 100% confident, we’ll test you on a few questions from BMAT Past Papers ensure you’ve fully grasped the content we have taught you

Flaws: Theory

Flaw Questions often trick BMAT students up – even after doing lots of BMAT Past Papers. We’ll teach you how to spot them and answer them well in a limited amount of time.

Flaws: Questions

You will then apply the knowledge gained from the previous tutorial and become confident in knowing how to approach spatial reasoning questions. We’ll have plenty of BMAT Questions for you to use.

Evidence: Theory

Here, we teach you how to apply our Critical Thinking techniques on the most difficult and long-winded questions in the BMAT – Evidence Questions. Our BMAT Past Papers will be absolutely vital here in securing your grade

Evidence: Questions

In this BMAT tutorial we put the theory of evidence into practice and allow you to bring in examples of questions you are struggling with too.

Inferences: Theory

In this tutorial, we teach you how to successfully tackle the more complicated, passages where you have to make inferences rather than extracting info quickly.

Inferences: Questions

Now we will go through BMAT questions that present you with this sort of information and produce a strategy that works for you.

Principles: Theory

We will apply the principles of reasoning and look at how questions around principles come up in the BMAT exam and help you develop effective techniques.

Principles: Questions

You should be getting into the swing of things by now! Tackle the hardest BMAT questions you could get to make you confident for test day.

Parallels: Theory

We have compiled every parallels question that has come up and we can use this to our advantage in tackling these question types for BMAT!

Parallels: Questions

We will apply this theory through Section 1 BMAT questions which we will cover together with you and help you advance further.

S1: Problem Solving

We approach Problem Solving by systematically working through the various question types you can expect to face in the exam and teach you shortcuts to save you time.

• Lesson 2 Date & Time: Theory
• Lesson 3 Date & Time: Examples
• Lesson 4 Pin Codes: Theory
• Lesson 5 Pin Codes: Questions
• Lesson 6 Speed + Distance: Theory
• Lesson 7 Speed + Distance: Qs
• Lesson 8 Tabular Data: Theory
• Lesson 9 Tabular Data: Questions
• Lesson 10 Mathematical Qs
• Lesson 11 Mathematical Qs
• Lesson 12 Spatial Reasoning I
• Lesson 13 Spatial Reasoning II
• Lesson 14 Cubes: Theory
• Lesson 15 Cubes: Questions
• Lesson 16 Graphical Data: Theory
• Lesson 17 Graphical Data Qs
• Lesson 18 Data Analysis: Theory
• Lesson 19 Data Analysis: Questions

Here will introduce what problem solving question types are most common and look at trends in question types over the past 5 years and beyond.

Date & Time: Theory

Date and Time questions involve you knowing how many minutes there are in a year, seconds in a week and more! We help you memorise the important information making your life a lot easier.

Date & Time: Examples

We will put the theory from this section into practice by doing interactive questions together and give you a walkthrough so you are prepared.

Pin Codes: Theory

These come up every year! We’ll show you hidden secrets that help you do well in Section 1 Problem Solving questions and become Sherlock Holmes in disguise!

Pin Codes: Questions

Speed + Distance: Theory

Speed, Distance & Time is an important part of the exam to test your mathematical nous. We help you understand how to convert units and answer questions.

Speed + Distance: Qs

Tabular Data: Theory

BMAT questions often present you with data in confusing tables so we strategise and allow you to see common pitfalls students face.

Tabular Data: Questions

Mathematical Qs

We brush up on your mathematical reasoning and help you work out how to answer these questions by condensing the information down into an understandable format.

In this BMAT tutorial we put the theory of mathematical reasoning into practice and allow you to bring in examples of questions you are struggling with too.

Spatial Reasoning I

Spatial Reasoning is almost guaranteed to come up in BMAT! We teach you a unique, super fast method for questions involving both 2-D and 3-D shapes

Spatial Reasoning II

You will then apply the knowledge gained from the previous tutorial and become confident in knowing how to approach spatial reasoning questions.

Cubes: Theory

Here we will introduce one of our most effective Problem Solving Resoning techniques – answering cube questions. We’ll discuss shortcuts if you struggle to visualise information as many do!

Cubes: Questions

To make sure you’re 100% confident, we’ll test you on a few questions to ensure you’ve fully grasped the content we have taught you.

Graphical Data: Theory

It’s easy to forget the basics of graphical data that is presented and while it is hard to prepare for all of these questions, we teach you a method you can apply to all of these BMAT questions.

Graphical Data Qs

Hopefully by now you have understood the theory and we will apply it to see if you can show us that you have! If you are struggling, we will delve deeper and go into theory more.

Data Analysis: Theory

Coming to the end of this section now, we will cover the last element of the course which we think is necessary to do well.

Data Analysis: Questions

The final hurdle to completing BMAT Section 1 Problem Solving! We will apply the techniques with interactive questions and real past paper question compilations.

S2: Biology + Chemistry

We’ve broken down Section 2 into the most commonly tested topics as well as giving you a refresher of the topics you’re least familiar with like GCSE Physics! Our statistical analysis will aid your revision plan and help you achieve above 7 in S2!

• Lesson 1 Inheritance & Genes
• Lesson 2 Homeostasis
• Lesson 3 Digestion
• Lesson 4 Respiration
• Lesson 5 Nervous System
• Lesson 6 Natural Selection
• Lesson 7 Genetic Engineering
• Lesson 8 Cell Structure
• Lesson 9 Cell Division
• Lesson 10 Heart and Circulation
• Lesson 11 Atomic Structure
• Lesson 12 Calculations I
• Lesson 13 Calculations II
• Lesson 14 Calculations: % Yield
• Lesson 15 Structure and Bonding
• Lesson 16 Balancing Equations
• Lesson 17 Separation Techniques

Inheritance & Genes

There have been 14 BMAT Past Paper Questions on Inheritance. It is the most commonly tested topic, so we will discuss inheritance maps, genes, alleles, DNA and more!

Homeostasis

There have been 13 BMAT Past Paper Questions on Homeostasis. We will discuss realistic BMAT questions on osmoregulation, thermoregulation, negative feedback and more.

There have been 4 BMAT Past Paper Questions on Digestion. We will discuss realistic BMAT questions on osmoregulation, thermoregulation, negative feedback and more.

Respiration

There have been 6 BMAT Past Paper Questions on Respiration. We will discuss topics such as aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, energy and more.

Nervous System

There have been 6 BMAT Questions on the Nervous System. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on neurone structure, impulses, reflexes and more.

Natural Selection

There have been 3 BMAT Questions on Natural Selection. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on speciation, evolution, adaptation and more.

Genetic Engineering

There have been 5 BMAT Questions on Genetic Engineering. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on gene engineering, production and biotechnology.

Cell Structure

There have been 2 BMAT Questions on Cell Structure. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on organelles, cell functions and more.

Cell Division

There have been 5 BMAT Questions on Cell Division. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on mitosis, meiosis, inheritance and more.

Heart and Circulation

There have been 2 BMAT Questions on the Heart. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on heart function, the circulatory system, blood vessels and more.

Atomic Structure

There have been 4 BMAT Questions on Atomic Structure. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on RAM, RMM, atomic number, isotopes, mass number, electron shells and more.

Calculations I

There have been 14 BMAT Questions on Chemistry Calculations. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on moles, molar mass, gas volumes, reacting masses, concentration and more.

Calculations II

There have been 14 BMAT Questions on Chemistry Calculations. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on RAM, RFM, RMM and more.

Calculations: % Yield

There have been 14 BMAT Questions on Chemistry Calculations. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on calculating percentage yield and percentage composition.

Structure and Bonding

There have been 5 BMAT Questions on Structure and Bonding. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on giant ionic, giant covalent, simple molecular and metallic structures.

Balancing Equations

There have been 9 BMAT Questions on Balancing Equations. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on balancing equations.

Separation Techniques

There have been 3 BMAT Questions on Separating Techniques. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on simple distillation, filtration, fractional distillation, chromatography and more.

S2: Physics + Maths

• Lesson 1 Waves I: Properties
• Lesson 2 Waves II: Light
• Lesson 3 Waves III: Sound
• Lesson 4 Waves IV: EM Waves
• Lesson 5 Electricity I: Charge
• Lesson 6 Electricity II: Circuits
• Lesson 7 Electricity III: Power
• Lesson 8 Energy I: Work Done
• Lesson 9 Energy II: KE & GPE
• Lesson 10 Density
• Lesson 11 Radioactivity
• Lesson 12 Algebra: Rearranging
• Lesson 13 Algebra: Index laws
• Lesson 14 Algebra: Inequalities
• Lesson 15 Algebra: Area & Length
• Lesson 16 Trigonometry
• Lesson 17 Probabilities
• Lesson 18 Ratios
• Lesson 19 Graphs and Gradients
• Lesson 20 Means

Waves I: Properties

There have been 12 BMAT Questions on Waves. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on the speed, frequency, wavelength and amplitude of waves.

Waves II: Light

There have been 12 BMAT Questions on Waves. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on the properties of light, including reflection, refraction and more.

Waves III: Sound

There have been 12 BMAT Questions on Waves. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on the properties of sound, including speed, reflection and echoes.

Waves IV: EM Waves

There have been 12 BMAT Questions on Waves. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on the electromagnetic spectrum and its different components.

Electricity I: Charge

There have been 11 BMAT Questions on Electricity. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on the properties, uses and hazards of static electricity.

Electricity II: Circuits

There have been 11 BMAT Questions on Electricity. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on circuit diagrams, voltage, current, charge and resistance.

Electricity III: Power

There have been 11 BMAT Questions on Electricity. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on power, work done, voltage and different electrical appliances.

Energy I: Work Done

There have been 7 BMAT Questions on Energy. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on energy transferred, work done, force and distance.

Energy II: KE & GPE

There have been 7 BMAT Questions on Energy. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy and energy changes in different scenarios.

There have been 2 BMAT Questions on Density. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on calculating density of solids, liquids and gases in different experiments.

Radioactivity

There have been 9 BMAT Questions on Radioactivity. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on types of radioactivity, half-life, uses and hazards of radioactivity and more.

Algebra: Rearranging

There have been 19 BMAT Questions on Algebra. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on rearranging and simplifying algebraic formulae

Algebra: Index laws

There have been 19 BMAT Questions on Algebra. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on standard form, index rules and more.

Algebra: Inequalities

There have been 19 BMAT Questions on Algebra. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on inequalities signs and solving inequalities algebraically

Algebra: Area & Length

There have been 19 BMAT Questions on Algebra. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on areas, lengths, BMAT formulae and more

Trigonometry

There have been 4 BMAT Questions on Trigonometry. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on Pythagoras, sin, cos, tan, 3D applications and more

Probabilities

There have been 8 BMAT Questions on Probabilities. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on estimating frequency of an event, double probabilities, mutually exclusive events and more

There have been 2 BMAT Questions on Ratios. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on simplifying and using ratios in different scenarios

Graphs and Gradients

There have been 2 BMAT Questions on Graphs. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on graphical data, y = mx + c, intersections of straight lines and more

There have been 3 BMAT Questions on Means. We will discuss realistic BMAT Past Paper Questions on mean, median, mode, modal class, range, quartiles and more

For many, writing a scientific essay is a big challenge. That’s made harder by being restricted to one side of A4 only. We’ll show you how to plan an essay, good/bad examples and give our top tips for succeeding.

• Lesson 2 Marking Section 3
• Lesson 3 Choosing Your Question
• Lesson 4 Planning Your Essay
• Lesson 5 Essay Content
• Lesson 6 Writing Your Essay
• Lesson 7 Proofing Your Essay
• Lesson 8 Essay Tips 1-5
• Lesson 9 Essay Tips 6-10
• Lesson 10 Essay Tips 11-15
• Lesson 11 Essay Plans 2003-2006
• Lesson 12 Essay Plans 2007-2010
• Lesson 13 Essay Plans 2011-2014
• Lesson 14 Essay Plans 2015-2019
• Lesson 15 Example Essays 1-4
• Lesson 16 Example Essays 5-9
• Lesson 17 Example Essays 10-15

To begin with, we give you a short overview of Section 3, discussing the various question styles and introduce the challenges that come with it.

Marking Section 3

We want to get into the Examiner’s head and understand what they are looking for in an ideal candidate to give you the best shot at succeeding.

Choosing Your Question

This is a big dilemma for many – You might find you’re better at some BMAT Essay questions compared to others so we help you pick what works for you.

Planning Your Essay

Essay Content

Writing Your Essay

This will take up the bulk of your time and it’s important to stick to your plan and not waffle or write unnecessary information.

Proofing Your Essay

This is the fourth stage of the BMAT essay but the most important as you need to ensure you have secured that “A” for Grammar and Communication.

Essay Tips 1-5

Learn Tips from BMAT Essay Experts who scored above 4.5A in their BMAT Exam and become confident when it comes to your BMAT Test Day.

Essay Tips 6-10

Essay Tips 11-15

Learn Tips from BMAT Essay Experts who scored above 4.5A in their BMAT Exam and become confident when it comes to your BMAT Test Day. Ace your BMAT today with Medic Mind

Essay Plans 2003-2006

We have written detailed essay plans for EVERY BMAT Essay that has ever come up from past BMAT Papers 2003-2019 so use these to either help you plan an essay or mark one you’ve done!

Essay Plans 2007-2010

Essay Plans 2011-2014

We have written detailed essay plans for EVERY BMAT Essay that has ever come up from past BMAT Papers in 2003-2019 so use these to either help you plan an essay or mark one you’ve done!

Essay Plans 2015-2019

Example Essays 1-4

Here we go through some more essays both good and bad and show you areas students go wrong but also give you key techniques to take away. This will be based on previous BMAT Past Papers and BMAT Past Essays.

Example Essays 5-9

Example Essays 10-15

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Book your medic mind consultation, start your medic mind journey, still got questions don’t worry, we’ve got you covered., →what is the bmat.

The BMAT stands for the Biomedical Admissions Test. It is an exam which is used for medical, dental and veterinary school in the UK and abroad. It is used by the following UK Medical Schools: Oxford, Cambridge, UCL, Imperial, Brighton & Sussex, Leeds and Lancaster.

→How many BMAT Past Papers are there?

In total, there are over 16 years of BMAT Past Papers as well as the specimen paper so that makes 17 BMAT Past Papers! That should give you lots of free BMAT preparation materials and free BMAT questions.

→How hard is the BMAT Exam?

No one can deny that the BMAT is a tricky exam however preparing well and using the right BMAT resources e.g. the Official BMAT Past Papers can put you in good stead to do well in the exam.

→What is a good BMAT score?

It's difficult to say as it varies year on year but we usually say you should aim for a score of above 5.7 in Section 1, 5.5 in Section 2 and 3A in Section 3. This tends to be above the threshold for most universities.

→What is in the BMAT Test?

The BMAT Test has 3 sections. Section 1 is made up of problem solving and critical thinking (data analysis no longer tested from 2020). Section 2 contains questions based on GCSE Biology, Chemistry, Maths and Physics. BMAT Section 3 is a scientific essay you have to write on an A4 page.

→When should I start preparing for BMAT?

You should aim to start preparing for BMAT at least 8 weeks beforehand. You should aim to do 2 to 3 hours a week for the first 3 weeks and then increase to 6 to 7 hours a week. This means if you are doing the BMAT in November, you should start in September and if you are doing the BMAT in September you should start in July.

→Is BMAT harder than UCAT?

The BMAT is very different to the UCAT but that doesn't mean it is harder. If you like essay writing, science or problem solving then BMAT is the exam for you. Otherwise, most people tend to find the UCAT easier.

→How long should you revise for BMAT?

You should revise for BMAT at least 2 to 3 times a week for up to 8 weeks to get the best possible preparation. It can be hard if you have school work too, but try and find some time to do some BMAT Past Papers, watch free BMAT videos on YouTube and kickstart your BMAT preparation.

→Do you take the BMAT in Year 12 or Year 13?

The BMAT usually takes place in Year 13 however if you're keen and want to get a trial run you can sit it in Year 12 and then sit it again in Year 13 to give you a flavour of the exam a year before.

→Where can I access free BMAT Questions?

For the BMAT, thankfully there are many free BMAT questions floating around! The free official BMAT past papers should be your main BMAT question resource. On this page we have free BMAT past paper explanations, which is helpful as the BMAT consortium sadly don't provide answer explanations. We've also compiled the free BMAT official questions by topic, so you can address each common S2 BMAT question type one by one.

→Where can I access free BMAT resources?

On our YouTube channel we've uploaded some free BMAT videos and a free mini BMAT course! On this web page, we have lots of free BMAT questions too.

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BMAT practice papers

Use the practice and past papers below to get a good understanding of the test format, different question types and skills BMAT assesses.

• Work through some practice papers and then look at the explained answers to help you review your work.
• Download a few past papers and practise under timed conditions – this is really important.
• If you are taking BMAT in computer-based format, use the computer-based demonstration test to familiarise yourself with the test functionality.

Practice papers with explained answers

The specimen and 2020 question papers below are in the new format for Section 1: Thinking Skills, now consisting of 32 Problem Solving and Critical Thinking questions.

Specimen Section 1   Specimen Section 1 answer sheet   Specimen Section 1 answer key   Specimen Section 1 explained answers  

Past Paper November 2020 Section 1 Past Paper November 2020 Section 1 answer key Past Paper November 2020 Section 1 explained answers

You can still use Section 1 past papers to practise, but note that Section 1 no longer contains Data Analysis and Inference questions, in which a longer text is followed by a set of related questions.

Past Paper 2014 Section 1 Past Paper 2014 Section 1 answer sheet Past Paper 2014 Section 1 answer key Past Paper 2014 Section 1 explained answers

Specimen Section 2 Specimen Section 2 answer sheet Specimen Section 2 answer key Specimen Section 2 explained answers

Past Paper November 2020 Section 2 Past Paper November 2020 Section 2 answer key Past Paper November 2020 Section 2 explained answers

Past Paper 2014 Section 2 Past Paper 2014 Section 2 answer sheet Past Paper 2014 Section 2 answer key Past Paper 2014 Section 2 explained answers

Specimen Section 3 Specimen Section 3 answer sheet Specimen Section 3 sample responses with examiner comments

Past Paper November 2020 Section 3 Past Paper November 2020 Section 3 sample responses and examiner comments

Past Paper 2014 Section 3 Past Paper 2014 Section 3 sample responses with examiner comments

Section 3 marking criteria

Section 3 essay tips

Past papers

Thinking Skills

Past Paper November 2020 Section 1 Past Paper November 2020 Section 1 answer sheet Past Paper November 2020 Section 1 answer key

Scientific Knowledge and Applications

Past Paper November 2020 Section 2 Past Paper November 2020 Section 2 answer sheet Past Paper November 2020 Section 2 answer key

Writing Task

Past Paper November 2020 Section 3

Aptitude and Skills

Past Paper October 2019 Section 1 Past Paper October 2019 Section 1 answer sheet Past Paper October 2019 Section 1 answer key

Past Paper October 2019 Section 2 Past Paper October 2019 Section 2 answer sheet Past Paper October 2019 Section 2 answer key

Past Paper October 2019 Section 3

Past Paper October 2018 Section 1 Past Paper October 2018 Section 1 answer sheet Past Paper October 2018 Section 1 answer key

Past Paper October 2018 Section 2 Past Paper October 2018 Section 2 answer sheet Past Paper October 2018 Section 2 answer key

Past Paper October 2018 Section 3

Past Paper November 2017 Section 1 Past Paper November 2017 Section 1 answer sheet Past Paper November 2017 Section 1 answer key

Past Paper November 2017 Section 2 Past Paper November 2017 Section 2 answer sheet Past Paper November 2017 Section 2 answer key

Past Paper November 2017 Section 3

Past Paper 2016 Section 1 Past Paper 2016 Section 1 answer sheet Past Paper 2016 Section 1 answer key

Past Paper 2016 Section 2 Past Paper 2016 Section 2 answer sheet Past Paper 2016 Section 2 answer key

Past Paper 2016 Section 3

Past Paper 2015 Section 1 Past Paper 2015 Section 1 answer sheet Past Paper 2015 Section 1 answer key

Past Paper 2015 Section 2 Past Paper 2015 Section 2 answer sheet Past Paper 2015 Section 2 answer key

Past Paper 2015 Section 3

Past Paper 2014 Section 1 Past Paper 2014 Section 1 answer sheet Past Paper 2014 Section 1 answer key

Past Paper 2014 Section 2 Past Paper 2014 Section 2 answer sheet Past Paper 2014 Section 2 answer key

Past Paper 2014 Section 3

Past Paper 2013 Section 1 Past Paper 2013 Section 1 answer sheet Past Paper 2013 Section 1 answer key

Past Paper 2013 Section 2   Past Paper 2013 Section 2 answer sheet   Past Paper 2013 Section 2 answer key  

Past Paper 2013 Section 3  

Past Paper 2012 Section 1 Past Paper 2012 Section 1 answer key  

Past Paper 2012 Section 2   Past Paper 2012 Section 2 answer key  

Past Paper 2012 Section 3  

Past Paper 2011 Section 1 Past Paper 2011 Section 1 answer key

Past Paper 2011 Section 2       Past Paper 2011 Section 2 answer key  

Past Paper 2011 Section 3  

Past Paper 2010 Section 1 Past Paper 2010 Section 1 answer key

Past Paper 2010 Section 2      Past Paper 2010 Section 2 answer key  

Past Paper 2010 Section 3  

Past Paper 2009 Section 1 Past Paper 2009 Section 1 answer key

Past Paper 2009 Section 2      Past Paper 2009 Section 2 answer key  

Past Paper 2009 Section 3  

Past Papers from 2003 to 2008 with Answer Keys

Past Papers from 2003 to 2008

BMAT conversion tables from 2003 - 2008

This document shows how BMAT tests taken between 2003-2008 convert to the new BMAT score.

Computer-based demonstration test

• BMAT computer-based demonstration test
• Computer-Based Demo Instructions

Please use this demonstration test and the instructions to familiarise yourself with the functionality of BMAT in computer-based format.

Please note, however, that you will not be provided with a score. You can find practice tests in paper-based format, with answer keys and explanations, to help you evaluate your progress.

The demonstration test is intended to be viewed on a desktop computer, rather than a mobile device, to accurately reflect the test-day experience.

Section 1 tests problem solving and critical thinking.

Please note Section 1 has been updated for 2020 and will no longer include questions that test data analysis and inference.

The sample papers below are in the new format for Section 1: Thinking Skills, now consisting of 32 Problem Solving and Critical Thinking questions. You will also find a further paper in the new format in the section above called Practice papers with explained answers.

Sample A - BMAT Section 1 Sample A - BMAT Section 1 answer key

Sample B - BMAT Section 1 Sample B - BMAT Section 1 answer key

Section 2 is based on the knowledge typically included in non-specialist school Science and Mathematics courses. It tests your ability to apply this knowledge – possibly in unfamiliar contexts.

Please note that as curriculums have changed over time, so has the Science and Mathematics content of BMAT Section 2. The BMAT Section 2 content specification has been revised for testing from August 2019 onwards. Questions in the practice papers marked with an asterisk assume knowledge that is not currently on the specification.

Further information on Section 2 is available in the BMAT test specification which can be found in Further resources , and in the BMAT Section 2: Assumed Subject Knowledge guide, which can be found in Section 2 preparation .

Section 3 tests the capacity to develop ideas and to communicate them effectively in writing. It is not a test of knowledge. From 2010-2016, Section 3 had four writing tasks. From 2017, it has a choice of three writing tasks.

BMAT Free Past Papers, Worked Solutions and Answers

Free bmat questions & mark schemes for all bmat past papers.

Welcome to the most popular BMAT past paper resource for Oxbridge applicants! Below you will find BMAT question and answer documents for all BMAT past papers . We recommend using this BMAT question bank to structure your BMAT revision. Alongside practicing BMAT questions, you can maximise your chance of gaining an Oxbridge Offer with our specialist BMAT 1-1 programmes . Call us on 020 3305 9593 to find out more.

BMAT Section 1 Past Papers

1 | 2020 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

2 | 2019 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

3 | 2018 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

4 | 2017 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

5 | 2016 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

6 | 2015 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

7 | 2014 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

8 | 2013 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

9 | 2012 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

10 | 2011 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

11 | 2010 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

12 | 2009 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

13 | 2008 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

14 | 2007 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

15 | 2006 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

16 | 2005 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

17 | 2004 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

18 | 2003 | BMAT Past Paper Section 1

BMAT Section 2 Past Papers

1 | 2020 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

2 | 2019 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

3 | 2018 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

4 | 2017 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

5 | 2016 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

6 | 2015 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

7 | 2014 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

8 | 2013 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

9 | 2012 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

10 | 2011 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

11 | 2010 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

12 | 2009 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

13 | 2008 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

14 | 2007 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

15 | 2006 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

16 | 2005 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

17 | 2004 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

18 | 2003 | BMAT Past Paper Section 2

BMAT Section 3 Past Papers

1 | 2019 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

2 | 2018 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

3 | 2017 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

4 | 2016 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

5 | 2015 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

6 | 2014 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

7 | 2013 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

8 | 2012 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

9 | 2011 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

10 | 2010 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

11 | 2009 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

12 | 2008 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

13 | 2007 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

14 | 2006 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

15 | 2005 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

16 | 2004 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

17 | 2003 | BMAT Past Paper Section 3

Biology BMAT Past Papers

12 | Inheritance and Genetics

11 | Homeostasis

4 | Digestion

6 | Respiration

5 | Cell Division

6 | Nervous System

3 | Natural Selection

5 | Genetic Engineering

2 | Cell Structure

1 | Heart and Circulation

3 | Kidneys

1 | Carbon Cycle

Physics BMAT Past Papers

10 | Electricity

3 | Speed, Distance, Time

1 | S.I. Units

9 | Energy and Work Done

2 | Density

2 | Electromagnetism

9 | Radioactivity

Chemistry BMAT Past Papers

4 | Atomic Structure

3 | Separation

14 | Calculations

1 | Electrolysis

5 | Structure and Bonding

1 | Equilibria

9 | Balancing Equations

3 | Reactions & Elements

3 | Organic

Maths BMAT Past Papers

18 | Algebra

1 | Transformations

2 | Calculations

5 | Area & Length

4 | Trigonometry

6 | Probabilities

2 | Graphs and Gradients

Critical Thinking BMAT Past Papers

1 | Assumptions

2 | Conclusions

4 | Inferences

5 | Strengthening Evidence

6 | Weakening Evidence

8 | Conclusions (IMAT)

9 | Conclusions 2 (IMAT)

10 | Assumptions (IMAT)

11 | Flaws (IMAT)

12 | Effect of Evidence (IMAT)

13 | Applying Principles (IMAT)

14 | Matching Arguments (IMAT)

BMAT Section 3 Essay Plans

1 | BMAT 2016 Q1

2 | BMAT 2016 Q2

3 | BMAT 2016 Q3

4 | BMAT 2017 Q1

5 | BMAT 2017 Q2

6 | BMAT 2017 Q3

7 | BMAT 2018 Q1

8 | BMAT 2018 Q2

9 | BMAT 2018 Q3

Number of BMAT Questions since 2009

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• Detailed Techniques for BMAT
• Made for 2023 Specification

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BMAT: Section 3 [The Definitive Guide]

Home » Application Guide » BMAT: Section 3 [The Definitive Guide]

Looking for BMAT guidance?

Application Guide Menu

The BMAT has now been discontinued. All applicants for undergraduate medicine in the UK will be required to sit the University Clinical Aptitude Test (UCAT) for their application. Check out our wide selection of Free UCAT Guides to get started with your preparation.

Welcome to our guide on the final section of the BMAT – the essay Section 3.

Section 3 of the BMAT is where the test really shows its differences from the other medicine admissions test, the UCAT. Unlike every other section of both exams, this section is NOT multiple choice but a short writing task.

Let’s see how you can prepare your writing skills in time for the big test!

What is BMAT Section 3 and why is it tested?

Section 3 tests your ability to develop and organise ideas and to communicate them concisely and effectively in writing.

It is more commonly known as the dreaded essay section, and many candidates often find themselves questioning its relevance during revision frustration. However, the skills needed to do well in Section 3 are vital for a career in medicine.

The ability to formulate your own arguments and communicate your ideas clearly is crucial for a successful academic or clinical career. The university needs to be able to see a demonstration of these skills in order to be sure that a candidate will be the right fit for the course.

What will Section 3 look like in the BMAT?

The BMAT is a two-hour exam. You have 30 minutes to spend on Section 3. Here’s a quick refresher of the format of the BMAT exam:

The exam paper will offer a choice of three different essay questions, and you must choose one essay to answer. Each essay question will be followed by three prompts and you must address all three parts of this in your essay. For example:

BMAT Section 3 Example Questions (2019 Paper)

• People are often motivated to deny the existence of problems if they disagree with the solutions to those problems.

Explain what you think is meant by the statement. Present a counter-argument. To what extent do you agree with the statement?

2. ‘In science, there are no universal truths, just views of the world that have yet to be shown to be false.’ (Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw)

Explain what you think is meant by the statement. Argue that scientists need to accept some things as ‘truths’ to advance their understanding. To what extent do you agree with the statement?

3. Teamwork is more important for surgical innovation than the skills of an individual surgeon.

Explain the reasoning behind this statement. Argue that the skills of individual surgeons are more important for surgical innovation or progress. To what extent do you agree with the statement?

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You are given a single page of A4 as an answer sheet, and your essay must fit into this space. Only what is contained on the single A4 page will be scanned, sent to the examiner, and marked.  

How Can I prepare for BMAT Section 3?

The BMAT essays, like medical interviews, will cover a range of social and medical issues. To prepare for the BMAT, it is recommended you keep up to date with current medical, social, and political issues.

Newspapers, medical journals, and medical blogs are good resources, with the Health and Science sections of BBC News being particularly useful. Reading these articles will not only arm you with points to use in your essays but will also show you how to argue these ideas articulately and concisely.

It is vital you practice formulating and communicating your ideas about a topic. Get together with other students who are preparing their medical applications and practice debating health and social topics with each other. This will not only increase your chances of getting a good Section 3 score but will also improve your medical interview skills.

The most vital preparation for all BMAT sections is practice. Download the official past papers here   and get used to planning and writing essays under timed conditions. Print off the official answer sheet and use this for writing your essay; it is key you get used to writing in the limited space available.

Of course, we’d also recommend our own resources to help your prepare for the BMAT. We run the best crash courses in the world for the BMAT, as well as having an intuitive online platform in BMAT Ninja. You can get access to both, along with 5 x Section 3 essay edits with our BMAT Bundle (our best value BMAT support).

BMAT Essay Planning

To make the most of your limited answer space, it is incredibly important you spend at least 5-10 minutes planning your essay.

Take a spare piece of paper (there is usually a blank page in the question paper earmarked for this purpose) and plan your essay point by point before you think about touching the answer sheet.

The planning stage can be split into two clear parts.

Get everything down on paper.

Write down everything you know about the subject and all your ideas on the topic.

Organise these ideas.

Create clear subsections, which can be derived from the three prompts listed in the essay question, and structure your ideas into bullet points beneath each heading.

Before moving onto writing your essay make sure:

• The ideas conveyed in your bullet points flow smoothly from one to the next
• Your essay is well balanced , with points covering both sides of the argument
• You have not included any points that are outside the scope of the essay question
• You have only included your most relevant and most important points to make best use of the limited space
• Every part of the essay question and subsequent prompts have been addressed by your ideas

Writing Your Essay

The essay should be divided into three main parts: an Introduction, a Main Body, and a Conclusion. Let’s go into each section in a little more depth starting with the introduction.

THE INTRODUCTION

Your introduction should clearly set out the aims of what you are about to write.

You should state what the essay will try to achieve, and briefly mention some of the main points you will consider, both for and against the essay question.

The introduction is a brief overview of your argument and should not go into any great detail.

Your introduction is successful if it tells the reader:

• What is the topic of the essay?
• What is the essay planning to answer?
• What are the main points for and against?

The introduction is usually where you will tackle the first prompt of the essay question, which usually asks you to explain the reasoning behind a statement or to define a principle.

THE MAIN BODY

The main body of your essay is where you should address your key points in detail.

This should be the longest part of your essay and should be split up into 2-4 paragraphs. Most candidates will write at least one paragraph per each of the three prompts included in the essay question.

It is crucial that the main body of your essay includes points both for and against the essay question. The marking scheme mandates that the essay must communicate a balanced argument to secure a minimum content score of 3.

You should start a new paragraph for each major new idea in your essay, in order to clearly indicate to the examiner the structure of your argument. Each paragraph should start with a sentence that signposts the main point you are going to explore in that section. The rest of the paragraph will then expand and back up your main point in greater detail and with relevant examples.

In each paragraph, only include sentences that are directly related to the issue set out in the signposting sentence.  Quoting sources and statistics can lend an air of professionalism and credibility to your essay. However, if you do not know any, do not make these up – the BMAT examiners are paid by the hour and therefore have the time to fact-check any claim you may make.

THE CONCLUSION

Your conclusion should summarise the main points of your essay, and if appropriate, draw a final judgement on the topic you have been discussing.

There should be no new evidence in your conclusion, it is simply a summary of what you have already stated in the main body of the essay.

In the next section, we will go through examples of successful essay plans so you can see how the entire process works. Read on to check it out.

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Examples of Successful Essay Plans

First, we’ll start by presenting the question that we want to answer. Then we’ll go into the kind of notes you should be writing when planning your essay.

An important part to consider is the wording within the question – this will give you an indication of what the examiners are wanting to see and should direct your essay plan.

Fully Worked Essay Question [1]

As a physician, you have a duty to consider the wider society when treating an individual patient.

Explain the reasoning behind this statement. Argue that a doctor’s main priority should always be the patient he is currently treating. With respect to medical treatment, to what extent can a patient’s interests differ from those of the wider population?

Fully Worked Essay Plan [1]

Explain the statement..

• The four principles of medical ethics, as described by Beauchamps and Childress (2008) are autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.
• This statement is clearly addressing the principle of justice: the duty to share and allocate treatment equally across all patients.

Argue that a doctor’s main priority should always be the patient he is currently treating.

• Medical treatment should be individualised where possible. Each patient may respond differently to the same treatment, depending on their individual characteristics and co-morbidities. Therefore while general guidelines may be useful, we should tailor our treatments to best benefit the patient we are currently treating.
• While utilitarianism holds its place in medical ethics, it is important we do not use ‘considering the wider society’ as an excuse to provide subpar care.

With respect to medical treatment, to what extent can a patient’s interests differ from those of the wider population?

• Resources are finite; we must allocate treatments where it will be the most effective and provide the most benefit. For example, a specific drug may provide little or no benefit to a terminal cancer patient but may be curative to those with early stage cancer. Therefore we should prioritise the treatment for the latter group.
• We must consider the cost-effectiveness of each drug. We cannot in good conscience supply an extremely expensive drug that treats only a small number of patients when this comes at the cost of several cheaper treatments that benefit the entire population.
• Certain medical diagnoses are notifiable and Public Health England must be informed, even if the patient does not wish the condition to be disclosed. This is because in some scenarios (e.g. potential spread of a highly contagious disease) protecting the public is deemed more important than an individual’s right to confidentiality. A similar situation arises if a patient refuses to disclose certain diagnoses to official bodies as required by law (e.g. epilepsy to the DVLA). In this case, the doctor is required to override the patient’s wishes and inform the body themselves.

Fully Worked Essay Question [2]

2. Publishing surgeons’ mortality rates may lead to surgeons declining to perform high risk cases and only operating on safer, more routine patients.

Explain what this statement means. Argue that the publication of such statistics is necessary. To what extent do you believe league tables will change surgeons’ behaviour to benefit patients?

Fully Worked Essay Plan [2]

Explain what this statement means..

• Publishing a ‘league table’ of surgeons by their mortality rates may cause physicians to avoid operating on high-risk cases risk to avoid lowering their personal statistics. This will lead to an overall decline in the ability of surgeons and also a dearth of doctors willing to treat difficult cases.

Argue that the publication of such statistics is necessary.

• Publication of such data is needed for clinical governance, namely to produce audits comparing individual surgeon performance to national and regional averages to ensure competency.
• Transparent mortality rates could highlight discrepancies in surgical teaching and education between regions
• By comparing one surgeon to another, surgeons will be incentivised to improve the quality of care they are delivering
• The NHS ‘Choose and Book’ system was introduced to allow patients greater autonomy over who they are treated by. Publication of surgeons’ mortality rates would help patients make an informed decision when choosing a doctor.

To what extent do you believe league tables will change surgeons’ behaviour to benefit patients?

• It would be hoped that publication of league tables would incentivise surgeons to perform better, seek continual training, and strive for optimal performance.
• In medical ethics, beneficence describes a doctor’s duty to perform actions that will benefit patients. It is likely the fear of a poor mortality rate would supersede a surgeon’s duty to abide by this principle; resulting in surgeons avoiding high-risk cases. This would result in an overall detriment, not benefit, to patients.

How will you be marked?

For Section 3, you are graded on both the quality of your content and the quality of your English.

Content quality is graded on a scale from 1-5.

English quality is graded from A-E . 

Therefore the best possible mark you can gain from this section is 5A, however, the average mark achieved is 3A, with only the top 5% of students achieving 4A and above.

Each essay is double marked. For the quality of content, the scores given by each examiner are averaged if they are the same or one point away from each other. So if you are awarded a 3 by Examiner 1 and a 4 by Examiner 2, you will be awarded a 3.5.

However, if the two examiners disagree by more than one point in their marking (e.g. if you are awarded a 2 and a 4) the essay will be sent to a third examiner, with the final mark will be checked by the BMAT Assessment Manager.

For the quality of English, each examiner awards a score of either A, C, or E. The two scores are then combined in the following ways to give the final result: AA = A, AC = B, CC = C, CE = D, EE = E

What do I need to do to get the top mark?

To achieve a 5 for quality of content, you need to produce an essay that:

• Has no significant weaknesses
• Addresses all aspects of the question
• Has an argument that is clear, logical, and well-reasoned
• Covers a wide range of relevant points
• Has a clear and compelling conclusion

To achieve an A for quality of English, your writing must have:

• Good sentence structure
• Good use of vocabulary
• Good spelling, punctuation, and grammar

Does the essay section even matter?

You may hear people say that Section 3 isn’t as important as Section 1 or Section 2. There is an element of truth to this; Oxford and Leeds place a higher weight on Section 1 and 2 (40% each) compared to Section 3 (20%).

However other universities, such as Cambridge, take all marks for the BMAT score into consideration alongside a number of other factors, such as your A-level grades and interview scores.

Therefore, to be an attractive medical candidate to as many universities as possible, it is important to prepare well for every part of your medical application, including Section 3 of the BMAT.

Top Tips For BMAT Section 3

Download the official practice and past paper examinations.

This will make sure you have familiarised yourself with the question format.

Don’t slack when you’re practicing!

Even when practicing, make sure you plan your essays well: this is the most important part of writing your essay.

Use the official answer sheet.

Practice writing essays using the official answer sheet to get used to the space given.

Only practice under timed conditions.

There is little point in writing a perfect essay if it has taken longer than you will have in the exam.

Write neatly, and in the smallest font that is still clearly legible to the examiner.

For an examiner faced with hundreds of essay papers to mark, a well-presented and tidy essay will be a delightful change and they will be more likely to award higher marks.

Keep up to date with the latest medical, social, and political issues.

You can do this by reading news articles and medical journals. This will allow you to provide an educated argument and bring in fresh viewpoints.

Discuss recent medical and political issues with friends & family.

This will help you to shape your ability to formulate and effectively communicate an argument.

Revising for Section 3 of the BMAT is as essential as any other part of your medical application preparation. The knowledge and skills needed to write a good BMAT essay will serve you well in medicine, and more short-term, in your medical interviews.

The key to achieving a competitive score BMAT sections is to familiarise yourself with past papers, practice under timed conditions, and start prepping early!

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The Ultimate BMAT Guide - 600 Practice Questions: Fully Worked Solutions, Time Saving Techniques, Score Boosting Strategies, 10 Annotated Essays, 2017 ... (BioMedical Admissions Test) UniAdmissions First Edition

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Published by the UKs Leading Medical Admissions Company , the Ultimate BMAT Guide is the most comprehensive BMAT book available. Written for the 2019 Entry , it contains powerful time-saving strategies that will allow you to answer difficult questions within the time limit as well a massive 600 Practice Questions written in the style and difficulty of the real exam. Each question comes with Fully Worked Solutions that guide you through the most efficient way for getting the correct answer as quickly as possible. This book includes 90 critical thinking, 60 data analysis, 150 problem solving, 75 biology, 75 chemistry, 75 physics and 75 maths questions.

With contributions and advice from over 15 Specialist BMAT Tutors , this is your Ultimate companion to the BMAT and a MUST-BUY for those looking to do well in the exam.

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• Publisher ‏ : ‎ RAR Medical Services; First Edition (March 28, 2015)
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Rohan graduated in Medicine from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and is the Managing Director at UniAdmissions. He has authored 80+ books on admissions tests and interviews. Over the last 5 years, he has tutored hundreds of successful Oxbridge and Medical applicants. In addition, he has taught physiology at Cambridge and also interviewed prospective Cambridge medical School applicants. In his spare time, he enjoys playing the piano and table tennis.

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BMAT Section 3: Essay

Please note that the BMAT is now discontinued. Most universities that used the BMAT will use the UCAT from 2024 onwards. See our comprehensive UCAT guide.

• Discover how to stand out with your BMAT essay
• Find out how to prepare for Secion 3
• Get the best BMAT essay tips

Jump to Section

Please note that the BMAT is now discontinued, and most universities will switch to the UCAT admissions test from 2024 onwards. See  our comprehensive UCAT guide.

BMAT Section 3: The BMAT Essay

In BMAT Section 3, you’re required to write a short essay. This will cover one side of A4, but it can’t be any longer, so timing and technique are crucial.

Each essay option is based on a short quote or statement. These can be scientific or medically-related but often aren’t. Typical examples might include a quote from Voltaire or Charles Darwin.

Section 3 Scores

Your Section 3 BMAT score will be split into two.

You’ll score between one and five for the quality of the content of your essay. Five is the highest, and awarded to those who have addressed the question in the way demanded, organised their thoughts clearly, and used general knowledge and opinions appropriately.

You’ll also get a score from A to E for the quality of your written English . A is the best, and will be given to students who express themselves clearly using concise, compelling and competent English.

BMAT Section 3 Prep, Tailored To You

Get BMAT strategies from top tutors

Section 3 Essay Questions

You’ll get to choose from three essay questions in Section 3 of the BMAT. You must fill one sheet of A4 in the 30-minute timeframe.

Each question may seem totally different, but the reality is that you’ll do the same three things no matter what question you pick.

When writing your Section 3 essay, you will:

• Explain the proposition, part of it, or its implications
• Produce a counter-argument
• Reconcile the two sides

You may not be studying essay-based subjects for A-Level , which can lead to a degree of trepidation. However, we have designed a clear and repeatable strategy for success in this section that you’ll learn in our BMAT Course – and we can review your BMAT essay practice  too.

How To Tackle Your Question

When it comes to selecting the best question to answer, we recommend you choose the one that:

• Has a statement you understand fully
• Has a question that you understand fully
• Covers a topic that you have good arguments and good general knowledge of

Once you’ve decided on the question, you should follow these steps:

• Write a clear explanation of the statement in one or two sentences
• Prepare your arguments and note them down
• Think about your conclusion
• Start writing once you have the structure planned

Learn score-boosting strategies for producing a 5A essay every time in our BMAT Course.

Bmat Section 3 Essay Tips

• Plan essay questions. Outline the key points, plan contrasting arguments and list points to make in the conclusion.
• Practise writing concisely, with clearly articulated points.
• Ask others to review your work. Send your BMAT essays to us to review – they’ll get marked by an expert Medicine Tutor!
• Read widely, to understand different arguments.

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BMAT Essay Titles

To help you with your bmat preparation we have prepared a free list of every bmat essay title since 2010., from 2017 there have been 3 essays to choose from on section 3 of the bmat. prior to this there were 4 essays to choose from. remember you only need to do one in the exam, but it shouldn’t be longer than one side of a4.

1. ‘He who has never learned to obey cannot be a good commander’. (Aristotle)

Explain what you understand by this statement. Argue to the contrary. To what extent do you agree that someone cannot be a good leader without learning how to follow?

2.  The only moral obligation a scientist has is to reveal the truth.

What is the reasoning behind this statement? Present an argument to the contrary. To what extent do you agree that the only moral duty a scientist has is to reveal the truth?

3. The health care profession is wrong to treat ageing as if it were a disease.

What do you understand by this statement? Argue that it is not wrong to treat the effects of ageing as if they were a disease. To what extent do you agree with the statement?

1.  ‘You can resist an invading army; you cannot resist an idea whose time has come.’ (Victor Hugo)

Explain the reasoning behind this statement. Argue that, on the contrary, any idea can be suppressed with sufficient force. What do you think gives power to an idea?

2. Science is not a follower of fashion nor of other social or cultural trends.

Explain what you think the statement means. Argue to the contrary. To what extent do you agree with the statement?

3. The option of taking strike action should not be available to doctors as they have a special duty of care to their patients.

Explain what is meant by this statement. Argue that it should be possible for doctors to go on strike as other workers do. To what extent should doctors’ duty of care to patients affect the conditions of their employment?

4. If we truly care about the welfare of animals, we must recognise them as fellow members of our communities with their own political rights and status.

Explain the thinking behind this statement. Argue that it is not necessary to confer political rights or status upon animals in order to ensure their welfare. To what extent is it possible to incorporate the interests of animals into political institutions?

1.  “Computers are useless. They can only give you answers.” (Pablo Picasso)

Explain what is meant by this statement. Argue to the contrary. What are the real limits of technology?

2.  “That which can be asserted without evidence, can be dismissed without evidence.” (Christopher Hitchens)

Explain what you think Christopher Hitchens means. Argue to the contrary that some assertions do not require evidence. To what extent do you agree with the statement?

3.  When treating an individual patient, a physician must also think of the wider society.

Explain the reasoning behind this statement. Argue that a doctor should only consider the individual that he or she is treating at the time. With respect to medical treatment, to what extent can a patient’s interests differ from those of the wider population?

4.  Just because a behaviour occurs amongst animals in the wild does not mean it should be allowed within domesticated populations of the same species.

Explain what you think is meant by this statement. Argue to the contrary. To what extent should humans interfere with the natural behaviours of animals

1. There is no such thing as dangerous speech; it is up to people to choose how they react.

Explain the reasoning behind this statement. Argue to the contrary that there can be instances of dangerous speech. To what extent should a society put limitations on speech or text that it considers threatening?

2. Science has been a process of continuous advancement towards objective truth.

Explain what is meant by this statement. Argue to the contrary. To what extent do you agree that science is a continuous process of advancement towards objective truth?

3. There is money to be made from not curing disease.

What do you think is meant by this statement? Argue to the contrary. To what extent do you agree that there is money to be made from disease?

4. Modern veterinary medicine is more for the benefit of humans than the animals under its care.

Explain what you understand by this statement. Argue to the contrary that veterinary medicine is concerned more with the benefit of non-human animals. How might human and non-human interests diverge within the practice of veterinary medicine?

1. “When you want to know how things really work, study them when they are coming apart.” (William Gibson)

Explain what this statement means. Argue to the contrary. To what extent do you agree with the assertion?

2. Good surgeons should be encouraged to take on tough cases, not just safe, routine ones. Publishing an individual surgeon’s mortality rates may have the opposite effect.

Explain what this statement means. Argue to the contrary. To what extent do you think league tables should change a surgeon’s behaviour?

3. “Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge: it is those who know little, and not those who know much, who so positively assert that this or that problem will never be solved by science.” (Charles Darwin)

Explain what you think is meant by this statement. Argue to the contrary. To what extent do you think it is true?

4. In a world where we struggle to feed an ever-expanding human population, owning pets cannot be justified.

Explain what is meant by this statement. Argue that pet ownership is indefensible. How should moral or ethical concerns influence a decision to own a pet?

1.  “Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd.” (Voltaire)

Explain what this statement means. Argue to the contrary that to be certain about something is not necessarily absurd. To what extent do you agree with Voltaire?

2.  “There is something attractive about people who don’t regard their own health and longevity as the most important things in the world.” (Alexander Chancellor)

Explain what this statement means. Argue that nothing is more important than one’s own health and longevity. To what extent do you agree with Alexander Chancellor?

3.   The scientist is not someone who gives the right answers but one who asks the right questions.

Explain what this statement means. Argue to the contrary that the right answers are more important than the right questions. To what extent do you agree that the right questions must be asked before science can progress?

4.  “… Dolphins are very intelligent and so similar to humans that they are worthy of a special ethical status: that of ‘non-human persons’.”

Explain what this statement means. Argue to the contrary that dolphins should not be given special ethical status. To what extent do you agree that intelligence and similarity to humans bestows special ethical status?

1.  Democratic freedom means there should be no restriction on what may be said in public.

Explain what you think democratic freedom means. Argue that there should be restrictions on what is said in public. To what extent do you agree that there should be limitations on what can be said in public?

2.  The art of medicine consists of amusing the patient while nature cures the disease. ( Voltaire)

Explain what this statement means. Argue to the contrary that medicine does in fact do more than amuse the patient. To what extent do you think Voltaire is correct?

3.  A scientific man ought to have no wishes, no affections – a mere heart of stone. ( Charles Darwin)

Explain what this statement means. Argue that scientific enquiry benefits from personal wishes and affections. To what extent do you think a scientist should have ‘a mere heart of stone’?

4.  Veterinary pet care in the UK should be free at the point of delivery, as human care is.

Explain the argument behind this statement. Argue to the contrary, that if people choose to keep pets they should pay for all aspects of their care. To what extent do you agree that there should be free pet care?

1.  Anyone who has a serious ambition to be a president or prime minister is the wrong kind of person for the job.

What is the reasoning behind this statement? Argue to the contrary that without serious ambition to be a leader a person would not be suited to the job. To what extent is ambition required to succeed as a political leader?

2.  People injured whilst participating in extreme sports should not be treated by a publicly funded health service.

Explain the reasoning behind this statement. Suggest an argument against this statement. To what extent, if any, does the statement justify a change in public attitudes to personal risk taking?

3.  A pet belongs to its owner – it is their property. Thus, if a client asks for their healthy cat to be painlessly euthanased, a veterinary clinician should always agree to this request.

Explain the reasoning behind the statement. Argue to the contrary that a veterinary clinician should never agree to such a request. To what extent should pet owners influence clinicians’ decisions?

4.  Science only tells us what is possible, not what is right.

Explain what this statement means. Argue to the contrary that science helps us to judge what is right. To what extent can decisions about what is right and wrong be informed by science?

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BMAT Study Tips

There’s only a small number of universities that require the BMAT, but those that do are often very high-achieving competitive medical schools.

What is the BMAT?

Like the UKCAT the British Medical Aptitude Test (BMAT) is another admissions test that some medical and veterinary schools use to assess the applicants’ abilities and approaches.

UCAT Study Tips

We know it can all sound a bit confusing. Another exam to revise for? And it’s not based on your school curriculum either? We’ve put together some useful tips to help you prepare for your UCAT!

What is the UCAT?

Many medical schools use the UCAT to select medical students. So what is the UCAT and how can I prepare for it?

To help you with your BMAT Preparation we have prepared a list of every Section 3 BMAT essay title since 2010.

Applying to Medical School – Timeline

For a truly successful medical school application you must prepare in advance. Our team of medical students have put together a timeline on what the process was like for them.

Applying to Medical School in the UK

The process of applying to medical school can be confusing. So to help you kick-start the journey we have put together a short intro guide on the application process.

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BMAT Section 3 Essay Plans

Based On BMAT Essays Scoring 5A

When treating an individual patient, a physician must also think of the wider society.

Explain the reasoning behind this statement. Argue that a doctor should only consider the individual that he or she is treating at the time. With respect to medical treatment, to what extent can a patient’s interests differ from those of the wider population?

​ Explain the reasoning behind this statement.

• This statement is based on the medical ethics principle of ‘justice’. A physician has a duty to all of his patients, including how to share and allocate limited resources to an increasing population of patients.

Argue that a doctor should only consider the individual that he or she is treating at the time.

• ‘Considering wider society’ may be used as an excuse for providing suboptimal care. For example, an unethical doctor such as Dr Harold Shipman may try to justify killing approximately 200 patients by suggesting that he was thinking of broader society and reducing the strain on limited NHS resources.
• Each patient is unique, and in another sense, considering how other patients in society may have responded to treatment following a similar presentation, may be of some use. However, patients often present atypically and respond very differently. Thus, whilst general societal guidelines can be useful, a bespoke approach should be taken into account for each patient, considering their respective co-morbidities and associated factors.

With respect to medical treatment, to what extent can a patient’s interests differ from those of the wider population?

• For a patient with advanced cancer, it may be in their interests to receive the latest treatment, which may not be necessarily licensed by NICE due to unjustifiable cost. For example, Provenge which can be used for metastatic prostate cancer costs between £250,000 and £500,000/QALY and as such is not funded by the NHS (NICE, 2015). It would likely be in the individual’s interest to have the medication, whereas wider society cannot justify the expense when correlated with the additional life expectancy.
• Many procedures have substantial waiting lists, for example, current NHS waiting lists for knee replacements are approximately 18 weeks (The Guardian, 2017), whereas it is likely that the patient would prefer to have the procedure as soon as possible.
• On the other hand, it is generally in society’s interests to provide the best available medical care in the shortest time frame to preserve workforce productivity. For every day that a patient goes without a knee replacement, it may represent an additional day of income tax revenue lost by society. Similarly, not providing the cancer patient with the best chemotherapy agent would similarly shorten their life expectancy and reduce their positive societal contribution.

Conclusion Whilst it is important for doctors to consider wider society, this should not compromise the care of the patient in front of them. Furthermore, although the broader aims of society and an individual are unified, the limited nature of resources means that in many cases, the NHS is unable to provide the complete scope of healthcare provision for individuals, especially within their desired timescale.

"When you want to know how things really work, study them when they are coming apart." (William Gibson)

Explain what this statement means. Argue to the contrary. To what extent do you agree with the assertion?

Explain what this statement means.

• This statement suggests that physical and metaphorical dissection of an entity is required to understand its role and functionality truly.

Good surgeons should be encouraged to take on tough cases, not just safe, routine ones.

Publishing an individual surgeon’s mortality rates may have the opposite effect. Explain what this statement means. Argue to the contrary. To what extent do you think league tables should change a surgeon’s behaviour?

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