timeline in research paper

How to Develop a Research Paper Timeline

• Writing Research Papers
• Writing Essays
• English Grammar
• M.Ed., Education Administration, University of Georgia
• B.A., History, Armstrong State University

Research papers come in many sizes and levels of complexity. There is no single set of rules that fits every project, but there are guidelines you should follow to keep yourself on track throughout the weeks as you prepare, research, and write. You will complete your project in stages, so you must plan ahead and give yourself enough time to complete every stage of your work.

Your first step is to write down the due date for your paper on a big wall calendar , in your planner , and in an electronic calendar.

Plan backward from that due date to determine when you should have your library work completed. A good rule of thumb is to spend:

• Fifty percent of your time researching and reading
• Ten percent of your time sorting and marking your research
• Forty percent of your time writing and formatting

Timeline for Researching and Reading Stage

• 1 week for short papers with one or two sources
• 2-3 weeks for papers up to ten pages
• 2-3 months for a thesis

It’s important to get started right away on the first stage. In a perfect world, we would find all of the sources we need to write our paper in our nearby library. In the real world, however, we conduct internet queries and discover a few perfect books and articles that are absolutely essential to our topic—only to find that they are not available at the local library.

The good news is that you can still get the resources through an interlibrary loan. But that will take time. This is one good reason to do a thorough search early on with the help of a reference librarian .

Give yourself time to collect many possible resources for your project. You will soon find that some of the books and articles you choose don’t actually offer any useful information for your particular topic. You’ll need to make a few trips to the library. You won’t finish in one trip.

You’ll also discover that you will find additional potential sources in the bibliographies of your first selections. Sometimes the most time-consuming task is eliminating potential sources.

Timeline for Sorting and Marking Your Research

• 1 day for a short paper
• 3-5 days for papers up to ten pages
• 2-3 weeks for a thesis

You should read each of your sources at least twice. Read your sources the first time to soak in some information and to make notes on research cards.

Read your sources a second time more quickly, skimming through the chapters and putting sticky note flags on pages that contain important points or pages that contain passages that you want to cite. Write keywords on the sticky note flags.

Timeline for Writing and Formatting

• Four days for a short paper with one or two sources
• 1-2 weeks for papers up to ten pages
• 1-3 months for a thesis

You don’t really expect to write a good paper on your first attempt, do you?

You can expect to pre-write, write, and rewrite several drafts of your paper. You’ll also have to rewrite your thesis statement a few times, as your paper takes shape.

Don’t get held up writing any section of your paper—especially the introductory paragraph. It is perfectly normal for writers to go back and complete the introduction once the rest of the paper is completed.

The first few drafts don’t have to have perfect citations. Once you begin to sharpen your work and you’re heading toward a final draft, you should tighten your citations. Use a sample essay if you need to, just to get the formatting down.

Make sure your bibliography contains every source you’ve used in your research.

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Research Paper Planner: Guide

• 1: Understand Your Assignment
• 2: Select & Focus Your Topic
• 3: Explore a Research Question
• 4: Design Your Research Strategy
• 5: Finding Sources
• 6: Read, Note, and Compare Sources
• 7: Write Thesis Statement
• 8: Writing the First Draft
• 9: Evaluate Your First Draft
• 10: Revise & Rewrite
• 11: Put Your Paper in Final Form

Reference Librarians

Welcome to the Research Paper Planner Guide

Welcome to the Guide portion of the BU Libraries' Research Paper Planner (RPP).  This Guide contains links to helpful resources for each step of the research and writing process.   If you have used the Timeline portion of the RPP the links in the Timeline will take you to the links for that step of the process.

This Guide may be used independently of the Timeline to locate resources for each of the following stages of the research and writing process; just click on the Step button to the left to get there.

Surprised that there are so many steps?  Research conducted by librarians and teachers of writing has shown that breaking a research paper or thesis down into these steps is the "normal" process of writing for humanities and social science disciplines.  Using these steps will help you approach your research assignment in a progressive manner that should produce a better final product.  Give it a try and then use the evaluation for to the right to let us know how the RPP worked for you and suggest ways it could be improved.

This work is based on the University of Minnesota's Assignment Calculator but has been modified to meet the needs of the Baylor University community.

• Research Paper Planner: Timeline This link will take you to the Timeline portion of the Research Paper Planner where you can set a start and end date for your writing project, see the deadlines for each step, print out the Timeline for your project, and/or set up email alerts for each step of the research and writing process.
• Next: 1: Understand Your Assignment >>
• Last Updated: Jan 16, 2024 10:55 AM
• URL: https://libguides.baylor.edu/planner

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How to Create a Research Timeline for Your Thesis

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• 21st May 2023

Beginning a dissertation can feel both thrilling and overwhelming. One of the best things you can do to prepare for the exciting journey of doing a dissertation is to design a comprehensive timeline as your guide. Here we will take you step by step through creating your thesis timeline and provide some example templates, so you’ll be well-prepared to begin your dissertation work.

Reasons for Creating a Timeline

There are many benefits to crafting a detailed dissertation timeline. In addition to helping with time management and meeting crucial deadlines, your timeline will also help you stay motivated by reviewing the tasks you have completed as you progress. A thorough timeline will be valuable during your dissertation proposal and useful if you are applying for grants or other additional funding.

Ste0ps for Creating a Timeline for Your Thesis:

• Research and record all requirements and deadlines.

Before you write out your timeline, ensure you know all of your program’s requirements and deadlines. Academic institutions often require you to complete your dissertation within a specified timeframe.

There are likely several recommended or mandatory deadlines for approval of certain items by your adviser (and possibly the rest of your committee members). Gather all these dates beforehand so you can allot an appropriate amount of time to meet your deadlines.

It will be beneficial to meet with your adviser to understand when you are expected to complete the major phases of your dissertation work and to confirm that there aren’t any other requirements or deadlines that you may not be aware of.

• List all of your tasks and bundle them into phases.

Now that you’ve assembled your dates, working backward from your deadlines is a good rule of thumb. List all of the required tasks that must be completed to meet each milestone, from coming up with your research questions to writing each chapter of your dissertation .

Even though your list will be unique to your research project, it can help to refer to a thesis checklist . It’s also helpful to assemble tasks into different phases (e.g., dissertation proposal, research recruitment). Grouping tasks into phases gives anyone looking at your timeline a quick overview of your research plan.

• Organize your tasks into a schedule and assign task deadlines.

Now it’s time to build your timeline. There are many different free templates available online, from straightforward lists of deliverables to colorful options with room for notes and customization.

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A popular organizational approach for thesis timelines is a Gantt chart , which is a type of bar chart often used in project management in which the length of the bar corresponds to the time the task will take. The best choice for you will depend on the specifics of your research study and personal preferences. Whichever option you select, make sure you can easily edit and revise it as need be.

Sanity-Saving Tips:

●  Pay attention to your work style. Some people are more productive when writing in short bursts, while others write better after taking time to get into the zone. Some people choose to start writing parts of their thesis while still conducting research, while others prefer to focus on one phase at a time. Set yourself up for success by reflecting on what type of schedule will help you create the best quality work.

●  Schedule breaks. Almost everyone will work better after a well-deserved break. Make sure to schedule regular breaks into your timeline, as well as provide enough time to sleep, eat well, and do anything else you need to do to safeguard your well-being. 

●  Always have a plan B. Your dissertation is an extensive endeavor with many moving parts. It’s impossible to anticipate and plan for every conceivable event, but it’s helpful to expect something may occur that will cause a deviation from your original timeline. Perhaps study recruitment takes longer than you expected, or one of your committee members gets sick and you have to postpone your dissertation proposal. After you draft your timeline, check that it is not so strict that any disruption will cause a total derailment of your plan. Aim to strike a balance between goals that will inspire you to progress steadfastly and have some leeway in your timeline for the inevitable curveball that life will throw at you somewhere along the way.

Following these three steps will help you draft a timeline to steer the course of your dissertation work: research and record all requirements and deadlines; work backward from your dissertation deadline and assemble your task lists; and organize your tasks into a timeline.

Don’t forget to include ample time for editing and proofreading your dissertation . And if you are interested in any help from us, you can try a sample of our services for free . Best of luck in writing your dissertation!

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Developing a Research Plan and Timeline (English III Research)

Introduction, narrowing your topic, gathering sources, creating a working bibliography, creating your timeline.

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How to Create a Dissertation Timeline (With Examples + Tempate)

When it’s time to start thinking about writing your dissertation, it is vital to put together a dissertation timeline. This will help you map out the months you will be spending on your dissertation, and ensure that you’re staying on track. A specific and detailed dissertation timeline will serve as an outline to guide you, step by step, through what can be a long and challenging process. 

While we often refer to a dissertation in a way that makes it sound like a monolith, in reality, a dissertation consists of many moving parts. A dissertation timeline includes a series of milestones that leads up to the dissertation defense , revisions, and final submission of your dissertation. Constructing an outline of every step in the dissertation process , including rough estimates of how long each will take, will give you a realistic picture of where you are in the process at any given time. 

Before embarking on your dissertation, it is a good idea to meet with your dissertation advisor and sketch out a dissertation timeline that is realistic for the size and scope of your project and includes deadlines. This will provide you with much-needed structure and a sense of what will happen next. To get an idea of what a completed dissertation looks like and the components your program requires, ask to see samples from recent graduates in your department. 

These are a few frequently asked questions about crafting a dissertation timeline: 

• What does a dissertation timeline look like?
• What goes in a dissertation timeline? 
• How structured should a dissertation timeline be?
• What do you do with a dissertation timeline? 

What Does a Dissertation Timeline Look Like? 

One way to think about a dissertation timeline is as a kind of outline. While the outlining process is unique to each writer, there are commonalities shared by all of them. Likewise, when writing a dissertation timeline, you’ll want to include all of the basic elements of your dissertation as well as the amount of time you think you’ll need to execute them. 

The best dissertation timeline format is the one that works for you. Though I’ve reformed somewhat over the years, for a long time I wasn’t a fan of intensely detailed outlines. Many people don’t like outlines. And that’s okay! However, writing a dissertation is not the time to be flying by the seat of your pants. To get started, a simple, linear timeline that projects the amount of time you think you’ll need to write your dissertation will suffice. 

Example Dissertation Timeline

Below, you’ll find an example of a dissertation timeline, which you can view as an image in your browser or download as a spreadsheet. Feel free to use the spreadsheet as a template as you build your own dissertation timeline.

Or download the spreadsheet below:

Inclusion in a Dissertation Timeline

When constructing your dissertation timeline, include every element of the dissertation from the abstract to the conclusion. Keep in mind that you may not be writing your chapters in chronological order. For instance, after completing their first round of research and writing their research question, most graduate students will tackle their literature review next, even though it comes after the abstract and introduction in the final document. 

Depending on the field being studied, most dissertations will also include sections for methodology, results, and discussion. Many programs also require a detailed conclusion that alludes to future research possibilities. Every dissertation also has an extensive list of references (pro tip: write this as you’re writing your dissertation), as well as appendices for charts, graphs, and other ephemera. And don’t forget your acknowledgments! 

Dissertation Timeline Structure

The structure of your dissertation timeline will take shape once you’re engaged in the research process. While a road map may seem like an apt metaphor for a dissertation, once you get started you may notice a lot of starts and stops and circling back. After you’ve begun researching, you may realize that you need to allot more time for digging through the databases, or you may discover that you need to reformulate your research question entirely. 

I’ve seen many of my own graduate students use calendars to great effect, giving themselves hard and fast deadlines to meet. Many students also build out their dissertation timelines as they progress, attaching working drafts of their abstract, introduction, and literature review to their timeline within a giant spreadsheet that links to multiple documents and sources. All of these methods are valid. Devise one that works for you. 

Using a Dissertation Timeline

So once you have a thoughtful, soundly-constructed dissertation timeline, what do you do with it? First, and most importantly, try your best to adhere to it. Check in with your dissertation timeline regularly, and use it to keep yourself on track. Also, make adjustments to it as needed. If you find yourself breezing through your preliminary research but needing a bit more time for your literature review, consult your timeline and adjust accordingly. 

While meeting your deadlines is important, also construct your dissertation timeline with an understanding that many graduate students face delays once they start working on their dissertation. These can include hold-ups at the department or university level in the form of late IRB approval or limited lab space or grant funding that gets cut. Anything can happen, but having a dissertation timeline will help you get back on track as soon as the storm passes. 

In my own experience, I also found my dissertation timeline to be a great document to share and discuss with my dissertation chair and committee. Once I finished my comprehensive exams, I met with members of my dissertation committee and got feedback on my rough dissertation timeline to make sure my goals for submitting my dissertation and graduating were realistic. This also ensured that we were all on the same page. 

When writing a dissertation, timing is everything. Creating a dissertation timeline gives you definitive time limits for research and writing, and it also influences several other major decisions that you’ll need to make. These include preparation to go on the job market, which often coincides with writing your dissertation. There is no doubt that this will be a hectic time in your graduate school career, but having a well-organized dissertation timeline is a good way to keep everything in perspective. 

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Courtney Watson, Ph.D.

Courtney Watson, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of English at Radford University Carilion, in Roanoke, Virginia. Her areas of expertise include undergraduate and graduate curriculum development for writing courses in the health sciences and American literature with a focus on literary travel, tourism, and heritage economies. Her writing and academic scholarship has been widely published in places that include  Studies in American Culture ,  Dialogue , and  The Virginia Quarterly Review . Her research on the integration of humanities into STEM education will be published by Routledge in an upcoming collection. Dr. Watson has also been nominated by the State Council for Higher Education of Virginia’s Outstanding Faculty Rising Star Award, and she is a past winner of the National Society of Arts & Letters Regional Short Story Prize, as well as institutional awards for scholarly research and excellence in teaching. Throughout her career in higher education, Dr. Watson has served in faculty governance and administration as a frequent committee chair and program chair. As a higher education consultant, she has served as a subject matter expert, an evaluator, and a contributor to white papers exploring program development, enrollment research, and educational mergers and acquisitions.

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How to Finish Your Dissertation in Half the Time

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Project Timeline Template: A Guide for Successful Completion

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To earn their Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree, students must meet multiple deadlines from course and university sources. The process of collecting and managing these expectations is often confusing for both faculty and students. Students and project faculty need comprehensive guidance to understand some adjustable due dates may be flexible to meet short-term goals, while firm deadlines must be set for completion of the DNP project. Clear, early guidance on expectations can expedite project completion.

Through meeting the DNP essentials, 1 the DNP degree prepares nurse leaders to implement evidence into practice which requires management skills. Consistent with Project Management Principles, 2 establishment of goals in a large project increases the likelihood of on-time completion. Some goals can be moved while others must be met for the project to continue. For example, some due dates for the DNP project can be rescheduled by a few days to weeks to accommodate student or faculty needs, while deadlines must be met for student progression. The first time individuals manage a large project, they can benefit from directed guidance on how to develop and organize goals. Requiring students to set and meet intermediate project goals provides a scaffold for the budding skills they will use as nurse leaders.

Consistent with the Adult Learning Theory, adult learners need information presented at the time they are ready to learn and favor a problem-centered approach to self-directed learning. 3 Students are ready to learn Project Management Principles 2 to be successful in their DNP project. Using Adult Learning Theory 3 and Project Management Principles, 2 course faculty in a DNP program created a DNP project timeline to delineate each step of the project process ( Supplemental Digital Content, Timeline ).

Development

The goal was to provide a comprehensive timeline for students, course faculty, and project team members to follow throughout the project process. The timeline template delineated the required proposal and project components and incorporated course, college, and university deadlines. The timeline established expectations by: providing an overview of the DNP project process requirements from project proposal through dissemination; identifying each person’s role (student, course faculty, team leader, and team member); and stating short- and long-term due dates and deadlines while allowing some scheduling flexibility. We present a timeline from our program as an example for other faculty to adapt to the needs of their program and students.

Implementation

We implemented the timeline in 2015 in the 3 synthesis course series that guide students through the DNP project process. Course coordinators emailed the timeline template to the students at the start of each of the synthesis courses. They instructed students to review the information and add any relevant personal events that would affect scheduling (eg, facility accreditation at worksite, major family occasions). Students shared their personalized timeline with their project team, and the faculty discussed the due dates of items within the established deadlines based on their professional availability. This allowed faculty and students to differentiate the due dates that could be moved within the confines of the deadlines that must be met for project completion. For example, the faculty could allow the student to submit a draft earlier or later than the due date that the timeline template suggested. Once the student has outlined their needs, the faculty then ensured they had room in their schedule to provide the student timely feedback. Due dates could also be shifted in response to faculty professional and personal obligations (eg, conferences, grant applications).

Once approved by all team members, the timeline was signed in ink or using e-signature capabilities in PDF format. The signed timeline was then archived in the student portfolio and in faculty files as an informal contract among everyone involved in the project. Early establishment of dates allowed faculty to set individualized calendar reminders based on the personalized timelines. In addition, faculty could reference the timeline in communications with students as an objective measure of their progress. If students did not progress according to the timeline, a revised timeline could be produced. When the student and faculty met to review the revised timeline, this meeting served as a prompt to clearly assess if the student could complete the course or program on time and articulate this to the full project team.

Evaluation of Timeline

Student response to the timeline was positive. In formal and informal feedback, students preferred the guidance on suggested intermediate due dates for project components more than the previous approach of solely providing course and university deadlines. They also reported having flexible due dates differentiated from deadlines for progression.

Faculty appreciated a prompt early in the semester to discuss deadlines and expectations. They expressed that having a contract with clear goals acted as an objective measure of student progress, allowing early intervention if students were not engaged in the process. The timeline facilitated communication by focusing the dialogue on pre-established student and faculty goals, which promoted professionalism when one or more team members did not perform according to expectations. The timelines allowed faculty to schedule time for assessment of doctoral student work into their schedule at the beginning of the semester. This protected time facilitated timely feedback to expedite student progress. Students were more likely to be successful and satisfied with their education if they had received personalized feedback in a timely and professional manner.

The timelines have been in continual use since their introduction. While it is difficult to measure their effect in our complex educational environment, faculty believed they have increased the quality of the program and decreased difficulties in dealing with struggling students. With strong student and faculty support, the timelines are an essential aspect of our synthesis course series as they streamline student progress towards meeting the DNP Essentials. 1

Supplementary Material

Supplemental data file _.doc_ .tif_ pdf_ etc._, acknowledgments.

During manuscript production, Dr. Julia C. Phillippi was supported by grant number K08HS024733 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

• Timeline for Writing a Research Paper in a Month

Writing a research paper is a time-consuming task that requires careful planning, thorough research, and effective organization of ideas. While it’s ideal to have ample time to complete a research paper, there may be instances where you find yourself with a tight deadline, such as completing the paper in a month.

In this blog post, we will provide you with a step-by-step guide on how to write a research paper in a month, ensuring that you can produce a high-quality paper within the given timeframe.

• Table of Contents

A Step-by-Step Guide and Timeline for Writing a Research Paper in a Month

Step 1: Set Goals (Day 1)

Identify the research topic, specific guidelines, formatting style, and submission deadline.

Once you have a clear understanding of the task, set realistic goals for each phase of the research and writing process. Break down the tasks into smaller, manageable chunks to stay organized and focused.

Step 2: Choose a Research Topic (Days 2-3)

Selecting a research topic that interests you is crucial for maintaining motivation throughout the writing process.

Brainstorm ideas, conduct preliminary research, and choose a topic that is manageable within the given timeframe.

Make sure your topic aligns your area of study, is narrow, and is manageable.

Spend some time coming up with ideas, reading scholarly publications, and talking to your professor or advisor.

Step 3: Conduct In-Depth Research (Days 4-8)

With a limited timeframe, efficient research is key. Use academic databases, libraries, and reputable online sources to gather relevant information.

Skim through articles, books, and other resources to identify key points, arguments, and supporting evidence. Take comprehensive notes and organize them based on subtopics or themes.

Use a citation management application like EndNote or Zotero to handle your sources and take thorough notes.

Step 4: Develop a Strong Thesis Statement (Day 9)

A well-defined thesis statement forms the foundation of a research paper. Analyze your research findings and develop a clear, concise, and arguable thesis statement that encapsulates the main argument of your paper.

Ensure that your thesis statement is specific, focused, and supported by the evidence you have gathered.

Step 5: Create an Outline (Days 10-11)

An outline serves as a roadmap for your research paper. Organize your main ideas, subtopics, and supporting evidence into a logical structure.

Divide your paper into sections such as introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.

The outline will guide your writing process and help maintain coherence and flow in your paper.

Read More: How to Write a Synopsis for Research

Step 6: Write the Introduction and Literature Review (Days 12-14 )

Begin writing your research paper by crafting a compelling introduction that provides background information, presents the research question, and outlines the significance of the study.

Follow this with a thorough literature review, summarizing existing research and highlighting gaps in the literature. Ensure that your arguments flow logically and that you cite all sources accurately.

Step 7: Work on the Methodology, Results, and Discussion Sections (Days 15-21)

Methodology: In the methodology section, describe the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques used in your study.

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Results: Present your findings in the results section, using tables, figures, and charts where appropriate.

Discussion: In the discussion section, interpret your results, compare them with existing literature, and offer insights and implications.

Be concise, objective, and critical in your analysis.

Step 8: Write the Conclusion and Abstract (Days 22-23)

Summarize the main findings, restate your thesis statement, and draw conclusions based on your research.

The conclusion should be concise and provide a sense of closure to your paper. Once the main sections are complete, write the abstract, which provides a brief overview of your research paper. Ensure that it accurately represents the content and key findings of your study.

Read More: Abstract for Research Paper

Step 9: Revise, Edit, and Proofread (Days 24-28):

Allocate sufficient time for revising, editing, and proofreading your research paper. Read through your paper multiple times, focusing on clarity, coherence, grammar, spelling, and punctuation.

Ensure that your arguments are well-supported, transitions between sections are smooth, and there are no typographical errors.

Consider seeking feedback from peers or professors to gain different perspectives and improve the overall quality of your paper.

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Step 10: Format and Finalize (Days 29-30)

Format your research paper according to the required citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.).

Pay attention to margins, font size, line spacing, and citation formatting.

Include a title page, table of contents (if required), in-text citations, and a reference list. Ensure consistency throughout your paper in terms of formatting and citation style.

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Finally, submit the paper to a reputed journal.

10 Tips for Writing a Research Paper in a Month

1. Make a schedule: Make a realistic schedule that lists the duties you must carry out at each research paper writing stage.

2. Choose a narrow topic: Pick a study subject that fits your interests, your time constraints, and your resources.

3. Carry out Effective Research: Use online databases, scholarly publications, and reliable sources to quickly obtain pertinent information. To make writing easier, take well-organized notes.

4. Create a compelling thesis statement: Write a thesis statement that summarises your research paper’s major argument or goal in a clear, succinct manner.

5. Making an outline: Make a thorough outline of your research paper that contains the introduction, primary body paragraphs, and conclusion. This will assist you in keeping your writing logically organised.

Read More: How to build Research Questions on the basis of Theoretical Model?

6. Divide the work up into smaller tasks: Break up the writing of your research paper into smaller, more doable tasks like a literature review, data analysis, and section drafting. The writing process will feel less daunting using this strategy.

7. Remain organised and focused: To cut down on time while citing references, keep a distraction-free workspace, organise your research materials, and keep track of your sources.

8. Writing Regul arly: Set aside time each day specifically for writing. Consistently making progress on your paper, even if it’s just a little amount, will help you stay on track.

9. Edit and improve: Give yourself enough time to edit and proofread your research work. To achieve a polished final result, check for clarity, consistency, grammar, and spelling issues.

10. Feedback: Request feedback by sharing your draughts with colleagues, professors, or writing centres to receive insightful comments. For a thorough study result, consider suggestions and improve your paper.

You can successfully complete a research paper within a month by using the advice provided here while upholding a high level of academic integrity and quality.

Read More: Best Research Methodology Books for Researchers and Academics

Writing a research paper in a month is undoubtedly a challenge, but with proper planning, organization, and time management, it is achievable.

Remember to break down the tasks, conduct thorough research, and maintain a clear and focused approach throughout the writing process.

By following this step-by-step guide, you can complete a well-researched and well-written research paper within the one month timeframe.

Other articles

Please read through some of our other articles with examples and explanations if you’d like to learn more about research methodology.

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Stress-Release Technology and Engineering Application of Advanced Center Drifts in a Super-Deep Soft-Rock Tunnel: A Case Study of the Haba Snow Mountain Tunnel

• Original Paper
• Published: 28 April 2024

Cite this article

• Jinpeng Zhao   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4661-1758 1 , 2 , 3 ,
• Zhongsheng Tan   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5690-1420 1 , 2 ,
• Baojin Zhang   ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0005-6268-0878 1 , 2 &
• Fengxi Wang   ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0004-8547-3962 4  

In the construction of tunnels in the southwestern region of China, the super-deep burial depth results in extremely high ground stress. In the event of encountering soft rock, there is a potential risk of triggering severe deformation disasters, leading to issues such as support structure damage, project timeline delays, and a significant increase in costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose an advanced stress-release technology to address the high-ground-stress issue caused by the super-deep burial in tunnels. The paper takes the Haba Snow Mountain Tunnel as an example and employs various methods such as numerical simulation and on-site monitoring to investigate the advanced stress-release technology of an advanced center drift in super-deep-buried soft-rock tunnels. It also determines the reasonable parameters for the advanced center drift. The research results indicate that setting the area of the advanced center drift to 60% of the area of the main tunnel is more reasonable. Additionally, positioning the vault of the advanced center drift at a distance of 2.0 m from the vault of the main tunnel can reduce stress concentration at the main tunnel’s vault. It is also recommended that the main tunnel excavation should lag by two times the tunnel diameter after the advanced center drift excavation, contributing to the effective control of deformation in the main tunnel. The application of the aforementioned design parameters of the advanced center drift in the Haba Snow Mountain Tunnel resulted in a reduction of approximately 29.65% in the deformation of the main tunnel, ensuring the safety of the support structure. The research outcomes presented in this paper can provide valuable reference for similar engineering projects.

Established a numerical model capable of simulating high-stress soft-rock tunnels and verified it.

Proposed a technique for releasing ground stress in high-stress soft-rock tunnels based on advanced center drift.

In-depth discussion was conducted on the mechanism of releasing ground stress in the main tunnel through the advanced center drift.

The technical parameters of the advanced center drift have been successfully applied on site, and the deformation of the tunnel has been reduced.

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The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, and further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51978041).

This study was funded by the China Railway Construction Corporation Limited 2022 Research Plan (Grant No.2022- B09).

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Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China

Jinpeng Zhao, Zhongsheng Tan & Baojin Zhang

School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China

State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

Jinpeng Zhao

China Railway 16th Bureau Group 3rd Corporation Limited, Huzhou, 313000, China

Fengxi Wang

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J. P. Zhao: investigation, data curation, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing. Z. S. Tan: conceptualization, methodology, funding acquisition, and supervision. B. J. Zhang: investigation, and writing—review and editing. F. X. Wang: investigation, supervision, and writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Jinpeng Zhao .

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Zhao, J., Tan, Z., Zhang, B. et al. Stress-Release Technology and Engineering Application of Advanced Center Drifts in a Super-Deep Soft-Rock Tunnel: A Case Study of the Haba Snow Mountain Tunnel. Rock Mech Rock Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-024-03899-2

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Received : 09 December 2023

Accepted : 31 March 2024

Published : 28 April 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-024-03899-2

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