summer's day essay

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A Hot Summer Day Essay

Hot summer days can be tiresome and exhausting due to the scorching heat and the dehydration it causes but it's also during this time that students amd their families get to enjoy their summer vacations without having to worry about school work or bed time. A hot summer day can be turned around with a couple of cold beverages, good food and great company. Here are a few sample essays on ‘A Hot Summer Day’.

100 Words Essay on a Hot Summer Day

200 words essay on a hot summer day, 500 words essay on a hot summer day.

When summer first arrives, mornings are pleasant and more refreshing, but as the day goes on, the heat of the sun increases until it is felt throughout the entire day. The severity of the weather is also felt by trees and plants, since their leaves appear dull and their flowers fade swiftly. As the day progresses, the temperature rises, making this the most difficult part of the day—especially for those who perform field work. People prefer to stay inside their homes throughout the day, leaving the streets, markets, and other places looking vacant. Both animals and people living outside seek cover under trees and big buildings on a hot day.

Even though summer is the hottest season of the year, it can also be the most interesting and fun since it gives children some time off school and they can go swimming and pursue hobby classes. It is also a time when they can relish some of their favourite foods like ice creams and mangoes, go swimming, eat ice cream and their favourite fruits, etc. People also escape to hill stations for much-needed breaks from the scorching heat of the sun and return only after the weather improves.

Children usually find summers to be pleasant despite the heat as they enjoy their summer vacation from school and get more time to play outside with their friends without having to worry about homework or waking up early. People enjoy swimming, eating summertime fruits, and sipping cold beverages on hot summer days. Children often enjoy a hot summer day with seasonal fruits like mangoes, kiwis, and pineapple. Not only do these foods cool the body, but they also lift up one's mood. Ice cream and cold drinks are also very popular on a hot summer day. As night falls, people come out to enjoy themselves in lush green parks, gardens and shopping centres.

Summer is the hottest season of the year, with longer, warmer days and shorter nights. Many people prefer to stay indoors during the day during summers because of the scorching heat, and like to be active in the early morning or in the late afternoon after the sun has set. People usually use light cotton clothing in hot weather to minimise the heat effect and stay cool. In order to prevent dehydration and sun stroke, we should drink more water and eat more fruits. This is also the time when schools are closed and children can take summer vacations to visit other places such as hill stations and beaches.

Protecting ourselves from extreme heat

Hot weather can cause dehydration, heat exhaustion, and, in extreme situations, heat stroke. Globally, hot days are becoming hotter and more frequent, whereas cold days are becoming less frequent. Drought can be made worse by heat, and wildfires can be sparked by hot, dry weather. High daytime temperatures are detrimental to plant growth, and certain crops need cool nights. Extremely hot days can be managed by:-

developing heat-preparedness strategies, which may include actions like opening cooling facilities during times of extreme heat and establishing workplace heat stress regulations

putting up cool, green roofs and cool pavement can also lessen the impact of the urban heat island

planting more trees to create shade and evapotranspiration to cool the air

Keep your living area cool. When it is dark and the temperature outside has dropped, open the windows that were closed throughout the day.

Eat and drink cold things, stay away from hot and alcoholic beverages, and take a chilly shower or splash cool water on your skin or clothing.

Even if you don't feel thirsty, make sure to drink lots of water.

During this season, many people often face sweating and dehydration as well and that is when surprise rains are sometimes a good relief from a hot summer day.

How i spent a Hot Summer Day?

I remember spending one such hot summer day with my family during summer holidays. The sun was at its highest point and the heat was almost unbearable. My family and I decided to make a plan to escape the scorching heat and uplift everyone’s mood—we made plans to go swimming late in the evening and then go for a movie after dinner. The thought of cold water and an air-conditioned theatre excited everyone. We reached the community pool around 5pm and everyone dived in after changing into their bathing suits. We got swimming tubes and balls to play around with. We divided ourselves into two teams and played marco polo.

It was amazing to see everyone relax and have a wonderful time. We then went to watch an action movie at the theatre. Everyone purchased cool beverages and popcorn. My cousin and I even felt a bit chilly due to the air conditioning—everyone else had a good laugh over it. Even though the weather was not in our favour, we managed to turn our day around and made it into one of the memorable days that I will always cherish.

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A Summary and Analysis of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18

By Dr Oliver Tearle (Loughborough University)

‘Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?’ is one of the most famous opening lines in all of literature. In this post, we’re going to look beyond that opening line, and the poem’s reputation, and attempt a short summary and analysis of Sonnet 18 in terms of its language, meaning, and themes. The poem represents a bold and decisive step forward in the sequence of Sonnets as we read them.

For the first time, the key to the Fair Youth’s immortality lies not in procreation (as it had been in the previous 17 sonnets) but in Shakespeare’s own verse. But what is William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 actually saying? And did the poet have personal experience of the young man to whom the sonnet is addressed, or is the poem a mere product of the imagination, a fine conceit?

Most of the poems we write about here on Interesting Literature involve introducing the unfamiliar: we take a poem that we think has something curious and little-known about it, and try to highlight that feature, or interpretation.

But with ‘Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?’ we have almost the opposite problem: we’re trying to take a very well-known poem and de -familiarise it, and try to see it as though we’re coming across it for the first time. This is by no means an easy task, so we’ll begin with a summary.

Sonnet 18: summary

First, then, that summary of Sonnet 18, beginning with that opening question, which sounds almost like a dare or a challenge, nonchalantly offered up: ‘Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?’

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:

Shakespeare asks the addressee of the sonnet – who is probably the same young man, or ‘Fair Youth’, to whom the other early sonnets are also addressed – whether he should compare him to a summery day. He goes on to remark that the young man is lovelier, and more gentle and dependably constant.

After all, in May (which, in Shakespeare’s time, was considered a bona fide part of summer ) rough winds often shake the beloved flowers of the season (thus proving the Bard’s point that summer is less ‘temperate’ than the young man).

What’s more, summer is over all too quickly: its ‘lease’ – a legal term – soon runs out. We all know this to be true, when September rolls round, the nights start drawing in, and we get that sinking ‘back to school’ feeling.

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed, And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimmed:

In lines 5-8, Shakespeare continues his analysis of the ways in which the young man is better than a summer’s day: sometimes the sun (‘the eye of heaven’) shines too brightly (i.e. the weather is just too hot, unbearably so), and, conversely, sometimes the sun is ‘dimmed’ or hidden by clouds.

And every lovely or beautiful thing (‘fair’ here in ‘every fair’ is used as a noun, i.e. ‘every fair thing’), even the summer, sometimes drops a little below its best, either randomly or through the march of nature (which changes and in time ages every living thing).

But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st

In lines 9-12, Shakespeare continues the ‘Youth vs. summer’ motif, arguing that the young man’s ‘eternal summer’, or prime, will not fade; nor will the Youth’s ‘eternal summer’ lose its hold on the beauty the young man owns (‘ow’st’).

Nor will Death, the Grim Reaper, be able to boast that the young man walks in the shadow of death, not when the youth grows, not towards death (like a growing or lengthening shadow) but towards immortality, thanks to the ‘eternal lines’ of Shakespeare’s verse which will guarantee that he will live forever.

So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

In his concluding couplet, Shakespeare states that as long as the human race continues to exist, and read poetry, Shakespeare’s poem (‘this’) survives, and continues to ‘give life’ to the young man through keeping his memory alive.

Sonnet 18: analysis

Sonnet 18 is a curious poem to analyse when it’s set in the context of the previous sonnets. It’s the first poem that doesn’t exhort the Fair Youth to marry and have children: we’ve left the ‘Procreation Sonnets’ behind.

In the last few sonnets, Shakespeare has begun to introduce the idea that his poetry might provide an alternative ‘immortality’ for the young man, though in those earlier sonnets Shakespeare’s verse has been deemed an inferior way of securing the young man’s immortality when placed next to the idea of leaving offspring.

In Sonnet 18, right from the confident strut of ‘Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?’ onwards, Shakespeare is sure that his poetry will guarantee the young man his immortality after all.

There is an easy music to the poem, set up by that opening line: look at repetition of ‘summer’ and ‘some’, which strikes us as natural and not contrived, unlike some of the effects Shakespeare had created in the earlier sonnets: ‘summer’s day’, ‘summer’s lease’, ‘Sometime too hot’, ‘sometime declines’, ‘eternal summer’.

This reinforces the inferiority of the summer with its changeability but also its brevity (‘sometime’ in Shakespeare’s time meant not only ‘sometimes’, suggesting variability and inconstancy, but also ‘once’ or ‘formerly’, suggesting something that is over).

In terms of imagery, the reference to Death bragging ‘thou wander’st in his shade’, as well as calling up the words from the 23rd Psalm (‘Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death’), also fits neatly into the poem’s broader use of summer/sun imagery.

‘When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st’: it’s worth observing the suggestion of self-referentiality here, with ‘lines’ summoning the lines of Shakespeare’s verse. In such an analysis, then, ‘eternal lines’ prefigure Shakespeare’s own immortal lines of poetry, designed to give immortality to the poem’s addressee, the Fair Youth.

This is significant, following Booth, if we wish to analysis Sonnet 18 (or ‘Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?’ if you’d prefer) in the context of the preceding sonnets, which had been concerned with procreation.

We cannot be sure who arranged the sonnets into the order in which they were printed in 1609 (in the first full printing of the poems, featuring that enigmatic dedication to ‘Mr W. H. ’), but it is suggestive that Sonnet 18, in which Shakespeare proudly announces his intention of immortalising the Fair Youth with his pen, follows a series of sonnets in which Shakespeare’s pen had urged the Fair Youth to marry and sire offspring as his one chance of immortality.

Now, through the power of his poetry, William Shakespeare the writer is offering the young man another way of becoming immortal.

Sonnet 18 has undoubtedly become a favourite love poem in the language because its message and meaning are relatively easy to decipher and analyse.

Its opening line has perhaps eclipsed the rest of the poem to the degree that we have lost sight of the precise argument Shakespeare is making in seeking to compare the Youth to a summer’s day, as well as the broader context of the rest of the Sonnets and the implications this has for our interpretation of Sonnet 18.

The poem reveals a new confidence in Shakespeare’s approach to the Sonnets, and in the ensuing sonnets he will take this even further.

Continue your exploration of Shakespeare’s Sonnets with our summary and analysis of Sonnet 19  – or, if you’d prefer, skip ahead to the more famous Sonnet 20 or even the much-quoted Sonnet 116 . Alternatively, discover some curious facts behind some of Shakespeare’s greatest plays , our list of misconceptions about Shakespeare’s life , or check out our top tips for essay-writing .

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8 thoughts on “A Summary and Analysis of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18”

My freshmen and sophomores freak when I reveal that Shakespeare wrote this to a young man. They settle down once I explain how “the fair youth” probably sponsored Shakespeare and in return he paid tribute to his patron.

I think we can safely conclude Shakespeare was well aware of his own outstanding genius from the last couplet.

Reblogged this on MorgEn Bailey – Creative Writing Guru and commented: As much of England is covered in frost, I thought I’d share with you something of a warmer nature…

Have you done sonnet 129? Quite stark in its dissection of self-centred love (lust).

• Pingback: A Short Analysis of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18: ‘Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?’ — Interesting Literature | Phil Slattery Art

The very strange Dedication to the sonnets is signed TT and the first letter of the first 5 lines spells TTMAP (i.e. it is an acrostic – very popular at the the time). We believe the Dedication is a “map” of the sonnets. When the dedication is laid out in a grid acrostic words are formed which “map” to Sonnet numbers. Sonnet 18 (the Summer sonnet) maps to L’Ete – the French word for Summer. https://leanpub.com/themap

• Pingback: 10 Classic Summer Poems Everyone Should Read | Interesting Literature
• Pingback: A Short Analysis of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 12: ‘When I do count the clock’ | Interesting Literature

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Home Essay Samples Life Summer

Why Summer is the Best Season: Embracing the Warmth and Joy

Table of contents, nature's vibrant canvas, a season of freedom and adventure, a reprieve for the soul, celebrating togetherness.

• Gleick, J. (1987). Chaos: Making a new science. Penguin Books.
• Leopold, A. (1949). A Sand County Almanac. Oxford University Press.
• Muir, J. (1911). My First Summer in the Sierra. Houghton Mifflin.
• Thoreau, H. D. (1854). Walden; or, Life in the Woods. Ticknor and Fields.
• Williams, T. (1974). The weather and a place to live. Sierra Club Books.

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Essay on Summer Season: 100, 250, and 450 Words for School Students

• Updated on  
• Feb 27, 2024

Summer Season is a time of joy, long vacations, and excitement. This most-awaited warm season brings with it physical and emotional comfort for everyone. Tropical and sub-tropical countries like India, Mexico, Thailand, etc. experience warm weather with long days and clear skies. 

During the summer season, students are asked to write an essay on summer season. Such topics require you to highlight your personal experiences of how you spent your summer season. You can talk about the places you visited, skills or hobbies you learned, the food you ate, etc. You must know that an essay on summer season is academic writing, where your teacher will evaluate your writing skills based on your ability to express your thoughts, ideas and experiences creatively. On this page, we will be providing you with some samples of essay on summer season in 100, 200, and 300 words.

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on Summer Season in 100 Words
• 2 Essay on Summer Season in 250 Words
• 3.1 Trips in Summer Season
• 3.2 New Hobbies to Learn
• 3.3 Benefits of Summer Season

Master the art of essay writing with our blog on How to Write an Essay in English .

Essay on Summer Season in 100 Words

‘This summer season, I visited my maternal grandmother’s house. In Hindi, me and my sister call her ‘nani’ —every summer season we pay our visit to her and enjoy the natural beauty of the village. Everything about my grandmother’s home and village excites me. From the morning echoes to the evening breeze, days are filled with excitement and cherished memories. 

One of the best things I liked about the hot summer season was eating large watermelons with the entire family. Our grandfather used to buy us watermelons, which my mother served to all of us. I plan to visit my grandmother’s house every summer season.’

Also Read: Essay on Euthanasia in 100, 200 and 300 Words

Essay on Summer Season in 250 Words

The summer season is the time of the year when we get time off work, study, school, and our daily routine. It is a time to enjoy, learn new hobbies, build interest, and focus on goals. This summer season I visited a hill station called Dharamshala in the state of Himachal Pradesh. This city is known for two things; the home of the Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama and its scenic beauty. 

Summer seasons are a break from our daily school and work routine. It allows us to cast aside the regular work schedule and spend some quality time with our loved ones. This break from routine is crucial for mental and emotional well-being, providing a chance to recharge and return with renewed energy.

The summer season is a great opportunity to explore new places and learn about new cultures. From scenic road trips to cold breezes on the beach, the summer season offers the ideal backdrop for exploration. 

We can indulge in recreational activities and hobbies that we are not able to focus on due to daily life hustle. The summer season can also encourage us to indulge in outdoor activities, as the warm weather and longer days are good for our physical and mental health. 

Summer season can be considered a season of joy, exploration, and rejuvenation. It offers a respite from the demands of daily life, allowing us to reconnect with ourselves, our families, and the world around us.

Also Read: Essay on Basant Panchami in English

Essay on Summer Season in 450 Words

The summer season holds an important place in our lives as it allows us to reconnect with ourselves and the people around us. In tropical and subtropical countries like India, the summer season lasts for around 2 months, from May to June. This is the hottest time of the year as the sun is vertically overhead on the Tropic of Cancer, the imaginary line 23.5 degrees north. 

Summer vacation provides relief from daily school and work life and an opportunity to spend quality time with our friends and family. During these hot summer months, a lot of people visit hill stations, beaches, their relatives, and other popular tourist places.’

Trips in Summer Season

Everybody loves traveling. What else can be the best time than the summer season to visit the ice-capped Himalayas or the backwaters of Kerala, there are plenty of places to visit. The summer season is important for both children and adults. Children wait all year long for the summer season, as they want to enjoy life, play outdoors, and eat ice creams and fruits. 

During the summer season, schools also organize trips, where students travel to cold places and enjoy fun activities like mountain climbing, hiking, trekking, etc. Some of the popular summer trip destinations are:

• Mahabaleshwar

New Hobbies to Learn

‘Learning new hobbies and indulging in creative activities is a great way to spend your summer season. A lot of parents encourage their children to learn new hobbies, like joining music lessons, art classes, football and cricket coaching, etc. Practicing new hobbies during the summer season can greatly improve our skills and we can stand out from the crowd. Here are some fun-loving hobbies to learn during the summer season.’

• Yoga and meditation
• Outdoor activities
• Photography 
• Music Lessons
• Dance classes
• Art Classes
• Piano lessons

Benefits of Summer Season

‘Summer season is not just about long trips and new hobbies. There are many benefits of the summer season. Summer season provides a break from the routine and allows individuals to relax, unwind, and recharge. We can explore new places with our friends and family, allowing us to spend quality time with our loved ones. Traveling during the summer season can expose us to different perspectives and broaden our horizons.

We can enhance our knowledge and creativity by visiting educational trips, workshops, or cultural experiences. The combination of relaxation, new experiences, and increased social interactions can positively impact mental health. The long summer season can result in increased productivity and prevent burnout.

Summer season is an important time of year for all the reasons mentioned above; relief from our daily schedule, quality time with family and friends, focus on our goals, learning new hobbies, etc.’

Also Read: Essay on Abortion in English for School Students

Ans: The summer season is the time of the year when we get time off work, study, school, and our daily routine. It is a time to enjoy, learn new hobbies, build interest, and focus on goals. This summer season I visited a hill station called Dharamshala in the state of Himachal Pradesh. This city is known for two things; the home of the Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama and its scenic beauty.

Ans: Writing an essay on summer season is a great way to express your thoughts, ideas, and experiences in creative and imaginative ways. It can also serve as a way to communicate your thoughts with the audience.

Ans: Understanding the topic and setting your tone accordingly is the first step when writing an essay. Your audience will better understand and connect with your essay if the tone in your writing is understandable to them. To support your arguments, provide appropriate evidence and reasons. Checking for grammatical errors is also important. Once the final draft is complete, go through the entire essay and read it aloud.

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With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

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Home — Essay Samples — Literature — Books — All Summer in a Day

Essays on All Summer in a Day

"all summer in a day" essays: prompt examples, character analysis.

Explore the character of Margot. How does her unique background and experiences shape her as a character? What does she represent in the story?

Themes of Bullying and Isolation

Discuss the theme of bullying in the story. How do the children treat Margot, and what does this reveal about human nature and society?

Symbolism of the Sun

Analyze the symbolism of the sun in the story. What does it symbolize to the children, and how does its absence impact them emotionally and psychologically?

The Power of Groupthink

Explore the concept of groupthink as it relates to the children in the story. How does the group's mentality affect their actions and decisions, particularly regarding Margot?

The Effects of Climate and Environment on Human Behavior

Discuss how the setting of Venus and its continuous rain affect the characters' behavior and emotions. How does the environment contribute to the story's overall theme?

Margot's Resilience and Loneliness

Examine Margot's resilience in the face of adversity and her loneliness. How does she cope with being different from her peers, and how does this affect her emotionally?

Margot's Poem

Analyze Margot's poem about the sun. What does the poem reveal about her longing for the sun and her emotional state? How does this moment impact the other children?

The Role of Adults

Explore the role of adults in the story. How do the adults in the story contribute to or neglect the well-being of the children, especially Margot?

Foreshadowing and Irony

Discuss the use of foreshadowing and irony in the story. How does Bradbury build tension and create dramatic irony throughout the narrative?

Comparison with Other Works

Compare and contrast "All Summer in a Day" with another work of literature that deals with similar themes, such as isolation, bullying, or the impact of environment on characters.

Adaptation and Empathy

Examine the concept of empathy in the story. How do the children's attitudes towards Margot change, and what does this reveal about the capacity for empathy and understanding?

The Loss of Innocence

Explore how the events of the story represent a loss of innocence for the children. How do they mature or change as a result of their actions?

Moral Choices and Consequences

Discuss the moral choices made by the children and the consequences of their actions. What lessons can be drawn from the story about morality and compassion?

The Ending's Impact

Analyze the impact of the story's ending on the reader. What emotions and thoughts does the ending evoke, and how does it resonate with the story's themes?

The Importance of Appreciating the Present

Reflect on the lesson that "All Summer in a Day" teaches about the importance of appreciating the present and not taking things for granted.

Hook Examples for "All Summer in a Day" Essays

Anecdotal hook.

"As the rain relentlessly poured outside, I couldn't help but think of Margot and her longing for the sun. Her story reminds us of the beauty we often take for granted."

Rhetorical Question Hook

"Have you ever felt the warmth of the sun on your skin and appreciated it more than ever? In 'All Summer in a Day,' Ray Bradbury poses a question that lingers: What if you never felt that warmth again?"

Startling Statistic Hook

"Did you know that on the planet Venus, it rains sulfuric acid continuously? Bradbury's story takes us to a world where the sun is a rare treasure, making us appreciate our own environment."

"In the words of the author, 'They could not take a look at the sky; it was the color of slate.' This opening line immediately transports us to a world devoid of sunlight."

Historical Hook

"In the 1950s, when Ray Bradbury penned 'All Summer in a Day,' the world was captivated by the possibilities of space exploration. But this story reminds us that not all planetary adventures end in discovery and wonder."

Narrative Hook

"Picture yourself in a small, dark classroom on a planet where it rains incessantly. The children in 'All Summer in a Day' faced this reality daily, and their actions reveal profound truths about human nature."

Contrast Hook

"In our world of changing seasons, we often anticipate the arrival of summer. But what if you lived in a place where summer only came once every seven years? Bradbury's story invites us to appreciate the familiar."

Emotional Appeal Hook

"The heart-wrenching cries of Margot, the girl who missed the sun, evoke deep sympathy and make us reflect on the cruelty of exclusion. 'All Summer in a Day' teaches us important lessons about empathy."

Shocking Scenario Hook

"Imagine a world where children lock another child in a closet out of jealousy. This startling scenario in Bradbury's story prompts us to explore themes of cruelty and innocence."

Curiosity Hook

"Have you ever wondered how a science fiction story can reveal profound truths about human behavior? 'All Summer in a Day' offers an intriguing lens through which to examine our own actions."

All Summer in a Day: Quotes

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People Relationship in All Summer in a Day Short Story

The concept of being grateful in "all summer in a day" and "the giver", my impression from "all summer in a day" short story, the change of the students of venus in "all summer in a day" by ray bradbury, analysis of ineffectiveness of the film adaptation of "all summer in a day".

Ray Bradbury

Short Story

Science Fiction, Hard Science Fiction

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Read below our complete notes on the poem Sonnet 18 (Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?) by William Shakespeare. Our notes cover Sonnet 18 summary, themes, and literary analysis.

Introduction

William Shakespeare was one of the most prominent playwrights and poets of the sixteenth century. He wrote many famous plays and sonnets. “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is one of his most beautiful pieces of poetry. This sonnet is also referred to as “Sonnet 18.” It was written in the 1590s and was published in his collection of sonnets in 1609. In this collection, there are a total of 154 sonnets. These themes of these sonnets are usually love, beauty, time, and jealousy to mortality and infidelity.

This collection of sonnets is believed to be addressed to two different persons. On this basis, these sonnets are divided into two portions. The first portion consists of the first 126 sonnets. These sonnets are addressed to a male beloved. Some of these sonnets directly persuade the guy to marry while the rest addresses general themes like mortality, the value of poetry, and the attainment of immortality. The next portion consists of twenty-eight sonnets. These sonnets are addressed to some mysterious lady. The lady is usually referred to as the “dark lady.” These sonnets address the themes of greed, appetite, and sexual desires.

This sonnet belongs to the first part of the sonnet collection and is, therefore, considered to be addressed to the beloved male. This context specifies that the speaker is praising the beauty of a guy and comparing his beauty to the pleasant aspects of summer. The speaker tells him that there are a few downsides to the beauty of summer, but his beauty is flawless. Moreover, every beautiful thing is doomed to fade except the speaker’s beloved. The reason is that he is going to immortalize his beauty by describing it in his poetry. 

As the number of this sonnet is eighteenth, it is clear that it discusses the themes of mortality, the value of poetry, and the attainment of immortality. The speaker reflects on how every worldly entity is mortal. However, he is going to use his poetry against this enemy and win immortality for his beloved by canonizing him in his poetry. 

Literary Context

The wave of writing poetry in sonnet form reached England in the sixteenth century from Italy. Petrarch, an Italian poet and a philosopher, introduced this form for the first time in the fourteenth century in Italy. It was the time of renaissance in Italy. When the renaissance reached England in its real sense in the sixteenth century, sonnet form also came along.

Thomas Wyatt was the first English poet to introduce it to the English audience. Many other poets like Sidney and Henry Howard followed the same pattern and anglicized it by introducing quatrains in it. This sonnet confirms this tradition of the English sonnet form. It is written in the form of quatrains and is composed of fourteen lines. The first thirteen lines are divided into three quatrains, and the last two lines make a couplet. 

Just like other sonnets of Shakespeare, this sonnet also deviates from the traditional sonnet form in regard to its theme. It does not, like the traditional sonnets, narrate the pursuit of a god-like female beloved. On the contrary, it describes the beauty of a male beloved and celebrates poetry as a source of achieving immortality.

Sonnet 18 Summary

First quatrain.

The poem opens with a question asked by the speaker. The speaker asks the beloved whether he should compare him to a summer day. The next line announces the comparison and says that the beloved is lovelier than a summer day. Moreover, the summer day is extreme, while the beloved is better because he is temperate. The speaker furthers this comparison and says that the darling buds sprouting in May are shaken by the forceful winds that blow in the summer. Furthermore, the lease of summer is also not very long. It is very short-lived.    

Second Quatrain

The next quatrain opens with the description of yet another flaw in summer’s beauty. During summers, the sun shines very brightly, and it is very hot. The pleasant weather does not stay. Similarly, the sunshine is sometimes very faint, and the weather gets cold.

Having described the numerous flaws in the summer’s beauty, the speaker reflects on the nature of beauty in general. He says that every beautiful thing is destined to see a decline in its charm one day. The reason for this decline may vary, but the decline is guaranteed. Sometimes, it is the bearing of luck and chance, which results in the fading of prettiness. Other times, it is the working of time and nature, which brings old age. This way, no beautiful thing escapes the clutches of future decline.  

Third Quatrain

The first line of the third quatrain directly addresses the beloved and tells him that his beauty is eternal. It will never fade. The speaker tells him that you should not be afraid of losing the charm that you have now. Time will never be able to take it from you. Similarly, death will also fail in dispossessing him of his beauty. The shadows of death will never be able to take him under their control. The speaker says that you will keep on growing in the eternal lines he is saying. These lines do not come under the influence of time and will be able to remain in world till the end of time.

The last two lines of the sonnet describe the reason behind the immortality of the beloved’s beauty. The speaker says that as long as the human race remains here in this world, his lines will be read. With the reading of these lines, the beauty of the beloved described in these lines will remain in this world. This way, the speaker claims that he has given immortality to the beauty of the beloved.

Themes in Sonnet 18

Throughout the whole poem, the speaker talks about the beauty of his beloved. He admires the beauty of his beloved in different ways throughout the three quatrains. He starts by asking his beloved whether he should compare him with a summer day or not.

The comparison starts from the very next line, where the speaker mentions the limitation of summer in comparison to his beloved. He says that a summer day is either too cold or too hot, depending on the sunshine. On the other hand, his beloved is temperate and does not go to extremes. The speaker also claims that his beloved is lovelier than a summer day.

The speaker furthers his admiration by juxtaposing his beloved’s beauty with the beauty of other mortal things. He says that summer is too short and fades away into autumn. Similarly, all the other things in the world are going to lose their charm. They are either going to face some accident or fall into the arms of the inevitable death.

This admiration of the beloved’s beauty is enhanced in the poem by the use of superior metaphors. The speaker uses metaphor like “eye of heaven” in comparison with his beloved beauty to show that his beloved’s beauty is not an ordinary thing.

Cruelty of Nature

Nature is depicted as a harsh and cruel antagonist in this poem. The speaker says that the harsh winds shake the darling buds during May. This depicts that elements of nature are always bent upon damaging the beautiful objects in the world. Moreover, the two extremes of sunshine during summer deprive the humans of the pleasant weather. It is the working of the cruel nature that does not let humans have fun in this world.

Similarly, the speaker mentions how every fair thing is destined to lose its fairness in its interaction with natural cycles. Nature is filled with such dangers that can snatch the beauty of anything at any time.

Furthermore, death is depicted as a boastful antagonist in the poem. It is one of the agents of cruel nature that puts an end to the beauty of many things. It does not let humans enjoy their life and snatches it from them.

Inevitability of Death

The poem highlights the idea that no one can escape death. Everyone, no matter how powerful they are, is going to fall into this pit called grave. This idea is first developed in the poem by the description of the short-lived summer. The speaker says that summer has a very short span of time and will soon end. 

This idea is then developed, and the speaker maintains that death serves as the full stop for every entity in the world. Every beautiful thing ceases to exist and turns into dust once the time of death arrives. The speaker, however, promises his beloved to protect him from such a future by immortalizing him in his poetry.

Poetry as a Source of Immortality

In the last couplet of the poem, the speaker tells his beloved about his source of achieving immortality. He tells him that he has immortalized him by writing about his beauty in his poetry. He is sure that people will read his poetry even when they are long gone from this world. When they read his poetry, they will appreciate his beloved’s beauty. In this way, his beloved will remain immortal.

Sonnet 18 Literary Analysis

The poem starts with a rhetorical question that emphasizes the worth of the beloved’s beauty. This question plays the role of informing the reader about the ensuing comparison in the rest of the poem. The speaker talks to his beloved as if his beloved is standing in front of him. This conversational style makes the message of the poem easy to grasp. It also makes it very attractive for the readers.

The second line continues with the same conversational tone. However, this time the speaker is not asking a question. Instead, he is describing the differences between his beloved and summer. He claims that his beloved is lovelier than summer. Also, he is more temperate than summer. This comparison forms the mental image of the speaker’s beloved in the mind of the reader. The effect of this image is of awe and admiration. The reader cannot help but admire the marvelous beauty of the speaker’s beloved.

The next line continues the same comparison. The speaker describes how his beloved is more temperate than summer by describing the roughness of summer. He says that the strong winds in summer shake the newly-sprouted buds on trees. Here, the epithet “darling” is used with the word “buds” to maintain the atmosphere of romance and flattery in the poem.

The last line of the quatrain describes another flaw of the summer season. The speaker says that the summer season is short-lived and is destined to fade into the clutches of the cruel autumn. He uses the phrase “all too short a date” to describe the shortness of the summer season. The use of two quantifiers before the word short emphasizes the speaker’s claim.

The next quatrain brings a few more flaws in the summer season. The speaker is weary of the two extremes of sunshine during the summer season. He uses the metaphor “the eye of heaven” to describe the sun. This use of metaphor is intended to further elevate the status of the speaker’s beloved by showing that he is even better than heavenly entities. The speaker says that the sun shines too brightly at times during the summer season.  It makes the pleasant weather a bit too hot to bear.

Similarly, the speaker claims, sometimes the sunshine is too dull, and the weather becomes cold. Here, the speaker uses the metaphor “his gold complexion” to refer to sunshine. This metaphor creates the image of a beautiful person with golden complexion being compared with the golden rays of the sun in the minds of the readers.

The remaining two lines of the quatrain address the problem of mortality. The speaker says that every beautiful thing is doomed to lose its beauty at some point in time. It can happen to a person or a thing through a stroke of luck. The person or thing might face an accident that will take away all its beauty. Moreover, the inevitable death is also waiting for every entity and will prove to be the ultimate end of every type of beauty.

 In the third quatrain, the speaker tells his beloved that he should not be afraid of these things. He uses the phrase “thy eternal summer” to refer to his beloved’s beauty. This metaphor serves the purpose of maintaining the image of the comparison of the summer season and the speaker’s beloved, which started in the first line. The second line continues the same thought, and the speaker tells his beloved that he should not be afraid of losing his charm. His charm will stay eternally. 

In the third line of the quatrain, the speaker makes another promise with his beloved. He tells him that he should not be afraid of death. Here, death is personified and is given the human quality of bragging. The personified image of death creates the image of a boastful enemy, which is trying to bring everything under its shadows. In this way, it is portrayed as a true antagonist. The speaker tells his beloved that this antagonist will never be able to cast his shadow over him.

In the last line of the quatrain, the speaker reassures his beloved that he will go on to grow in the lines created by him. These lines will go on parallel with time and will never face death.

The last two lines of the sonnet make a couplet where the speaker talks of his arsenal in his fight against mortality and death. He says that as long as human life exists on this earth, his lines will be read. He uses the phrase “men can breathe, or eyes can see” to refer to human life on earth. Such an elaborated reference emphasizes that even when a single aspect of human life is here on earth, the speaker’s words will live. He furthers his claim by saying that the immortality of his poetry will give immortality to his beloved.

The poem is written in the form of a sonnet. It has fourteen lines, which are divided into three quatrains and a couplet. The first eight lines—the octave—discuss the same thought i.e., the comparison of the speaker’s beloved with summer. The last six lines—the sestet—bring in a new thought. These lines describe how the speaker’s beloved is unlike the summer.

Rhyme Scheme

The rhyme scheme of the sonnet is ababcdcdefefgg.

The words used in the sonnet are straightforward and ordinary.

The tone of the sonnet is romantic and full of flattery. The speaker speaks of his beloved beauty as there is no match for it.

The speaker of the sonnet is a person who has a lot of experience in love. He/she is very vocal about how everything is lesser in stature than his/her beloved beauty. He/she also talks about using his/her poetry to immortalize his/her beloved. This shows that he/she is a poet.

Literary Devices

Rhetorical question.

The very first line of the poem is a rhetorical question. The speaker asks his/her beloved whether he/she should compare him to a summer day. This question sets the tone and atmosphere for the rest of the discourse. It creates the air of magnificence around the personality of the speaker’s beloved.

Personification

In line number nine, death is attributed with the human quality of boasting. The personified image of death creates the image of a boastful enemy, which is trying to bring everything under its shadows. In this way, it is portrayed as a true antagonist.  

•         In the fifth line of the poem, the sun is described as “the eye of heaven.” Here, the sun is compared with an eye, which creates the effect of vividness. It provides the reader with a mental image of the whole scenario.
•         In the sixth line of the poem, the metaphor “his gold complexion” is used to refer to sunshine. This metaphor creates the image of a beautiful person with golden complexion being compared with the golden rays of the sun in the minds of the readers.
•         The metaphor “thy eternal summer” is used to refer to the beloved’s beauty. This metaphor serves the purpose of maintaining the image of the comparison of the summer season and the speaker’s beloved, which started in the first line.

More From William Shakespeare

• A Midsummer Night’s Dream
• The Merchant of Venice
• Twelfth Night
• The Taming of the Shrew
• As You Like It
• Much Ado About Nothing
• The Comedy of Errors

The Summer Day

By mary oliver, the summer day analysis.

These notes were contributed by members of the GradeSaver community. We are thankful for their contributions and encourage you to make your own.

Written by people who wish to remain anonymous

The speaker emphasizes the purpose of life, the beauty of nature, and the relationship that humanity has with the natural world. She delves into the existential questions about creation and the complexity of our ecosystem. Through a small insect, the speaker describes the workings of the natural world that are mysterious and meaningful at the same time.

The poem opens as the speaker ponders on the phenomenon of creation by asking the reader a rhetorical question. She proceeds to ask who created creatures in the natural world such as the black bear, swan, and grasshopper. Rather than choose one of the huge animals, she picks the grasshopper that she is engaging with while in the field. She describes how the insect eats sugar from her palm and chews horizontally unlike humans who chew vertically. Moreover, highlights the complex eyes of the grasshopper before the insect gracefully flies away. The first part of the poem focuses on the elements in nature that remain unnoticed by humans who hardly pay attention.

In the second part, the speaker mentions the nature of prayer and the purpose or meaning of human life. Through the instinctual behaviors of the insect, she parallels how she interacts with her physical environment. She decides to wander in the natural world akin to the grasshopper as it undergoes its biological life cycle. Therefore, she introduces the subject of mortality and the fleeting nature of life. As such, ponders on how to spend her life and consequently asks the reader in what manner will they spend theirs. By illustrating the intricacy of a small part of nature, the speaker highlights the complexity and enormity of nature.

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The Summer Day Questions and Answers

The Question and Answer section for The Summer Day is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.

Study Guide for The Summer Day

The Summer Day study guide contains a biography of Mary Oliver, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

• About The Summer Day
• The Summer Day Summary
• Character List