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Top 20 Research Design MCQ With Answers

Below given are top 20 important Research Design MCQ with answers. These updated multiple choice questions on research design are helpful for BBA, B Com, MBA, MMS, BMS, B Sc, Engineering, PGDM, M Phil and Ph D students and researchers. These MCQs will help for UGC NET, SET, MPSC, UPSC and other competitive entrance exams.

_______research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount.

A. Qualitative

B. Descriptive

C. Quantitative

D. Numerical

______ describes the present state of affairs as it exists without having any control over variables.

A. Analytical research

B. Descriptive research

C. Applied research

D. Distinctive research

In the _______research, the researcher has to use facts or information already available .

A. Analytical

D. Distinctive

__ ___ research is concerned with qualitative phenomena.

______ is related to some abstract ideas or theory.

A. Contextual research

B. Conceptual research

C. Ideal research

D. Empirical research

______ is data-based, coming up with conclusions that are capable of being verified, by observation or by experiment.

The objective of ______ is the development of hypotheses rather than their testing .

A. Laboratory research

B. Diagnostic research

C. Exploratory research

A ________ refers to some difficulty that a researcher experiences in either a theoretical or practical situation

A. research hypothesis

B. research experience

C. research problem

D. research crisis

_______ as a testable statement of a potential relationship between two or more variables.

Research design is a _________for conducting the marketing research project.

A. strategy

B. framework

C. blueprint

D. both B & C

______ is a hypothetical statements denying what are explicitly indicated in working hypotheses.

A. Null hypotheses

B. Working hypotheses

C. Descriptive hypotheses

D. Relational hypotheses

A Blue print of Research work is known as _______

A. sampling design

B. research design

C. research hypotheses

D. research approach

Research design is a blue print, outline and a _________

A. guidance

D. strategy

The choice of research design is influenced by the ________

A. the nature of the research problem

B. the audiences for the study

C. the researchers’ personal experiences

D. all of the above

A Blue print of Research work is called ____

A. Research design

B. Research Problem

C. Research methods

D. Research tools

_______ affect the choice of research methods .

A. Whether the research is ethical or not

B. Time and money available

C. Aims of the researcher

________ is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out.

A. Research paradigm

B. Synopsis of Research

C. Research design

D. Research hypothesis

The longitudinal research approach mainly deal with _____

A. Horizontal research

B. Vertical Research

C. Short-term research

D. Long-term research

Authenticity of a research finding is its ____

A. Objectivity

B. Tangibility

C. Originality

D. Validity

Research design is a blue print, outline and a ______

A. Strategy

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Free download in PDF Research Design Short Questions & Answers for competitive exams. These Research Design Objective Questions with Answers are important for competitive exams MBA, UGC NET, GATE, IBPS Specialist Recruitment Test.

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Answer: A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of dat

Answer: Conduct subgroup analysis

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Answer: It immerses the researcher in the field they are studying

Answer: Analysing existing data that has been collected by another person or organization

Answer: A replicable, scientific and transparent process

Answer: To find out what is already known about your area of interest

Answer: All of the above

Answer: Your choice of research methods and reasons for choosing them

Answer: How much time and money you have to conduct the research

Answer: Allows theory to emerge out of the data

Answer: Generating theories through inductive research about social meanings

Answer: Comparative design

Answer: The one that is not manipulated and in which any changes are observed

Answer: It does not allow us to understand the intentions behind behaviour

Answer: It allows you to observe people's behaviour directly

Answer: That the findings are true for broadly similar cases

Answer: All Of The Above

Answer: Probability sampling

Answer: Contexts and participants

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MCQ on Experimental Design

Enhance your knowledge of Design of Experiments with our interactive quiz. Put your skills to the test with our engaging MCQs and excel in the science of efficient experimentation. This MCQ on Experimental Design  will help you to understand the basic principles and applications of designs of experiments in biological research.

You may also like: Experimental Designs Notes   |  Types of Experimental Designs – Notes

You may also like: Biostatistics Notes   |   Biostatistics PPT   |   Biostatistics MCQs   |

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Research Methodology Quiz | MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)

In order to enhance your understanding of research methodology, we have made thought-provoking quiz featuring multiple-choice questions.

This quiz served as a tool to assess your knowledge and comprehension of various research techniques and methodologies. Each question presented unique scenarios, challenging you to analyze and select the most appropriate methodological approach.

The quiz aimed to sharpen your critical thinking skills and reinforce our grasp on essential concepts in the realm of research. By actively participating in this exercise, we deepened your appreciation for the significance of selecting the right research methods to achieve reliable and meaningful results.

Other articles

Please read through some of our other articles with examples and explanations if you’d like to learn more about research methodology.

• PLS-SEM model
• Principal Components Analysis
• Multivariate Analysis
• Friedman Test
• Chi-Square Test (Χ²)
• Effect Size

 Methodology

• Research Methodology Quiz MCQ
• Research Methods
• Quantitative Research
• Qualitative Research
• Case Study Research
• Survey Research
• Conclusive Research
• Descriptive Research
• Cross-Sectional Research
• Theoretical Framework
• Conceptual Framework
• Triangulation
• Grounded Theory
• Quasi-Experimental Design
• Mixed Method
• Correlational Research
• Randomized Controlled Trial
• Stratified Sampling
• Ethnography
• Ghost Authorship
• Secondary Data Collection
• Primary Data Collection
• Ex-Post-Facto
• Table of Contents
•   Dissertation Topic
• Thesis Statement
• Research Proposal
• Research Questions
• Research Problem
• Research Gap
• Types of Research Gaps
• Operationalization of Variables
• Literature Review
• Research Hypothesis
• Questionnaire
• Reliability
• Measurement of Scale
• Sampling Techniques
• Acknowledgements

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Research Methodology MCQ with Answers

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Table of Contents

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-1

1. In “ RESEARCH ”  “R” means

2. In the word “RESEARCH”  “A” means

(A) Articulate

(C) Article

(D) None of the above

3. Research is derived from

(D) Japanizes

4. Who defined “Research” as “systematized effort to gain new knowledge”

(A)Tom & Zerry

(B) Redman and Mory

(C) F.W Taylor

(D) Ross Taylor

5. Which of the following is the Objective of the Research?

(A) To become familiar with a phenomenon

(B) To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables

(C)To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with it is associated with something else.

(D) All of the above

6. Research is basically

(A) a methodology of enquiry

(B) search of truth

(C) a systematic exploration of facts

7. A test of research aptitude for candidates of the UGC NET, is aimed at

(A) providing basic idea of search to the candidates

(B) Screening the persons having scientific bent of mind

(C) providing a database of ‘future’ scientists of the country to the Government

(D) putting obstacles to the candidates

8. The main purpose of research in education is to

(A)-help in individual’s personal growth 

(B) increase the social prestige of an individual

(C) increase individual’s market value of jobs 

(D) help the individual to become an eminent educationist

9. Where is the objective observation used?

(A) In conducting experiments

(B) In research

(C) In normal behaviour 

(D) In almost all the situations

10. Inferring about the whole population on on the basis of the observations made on a small part is called

(A) deductive inference

(B) inductive inference

(C) objective inference

(D) pseudo-inference

11. A hypothesis is a

(A) Tentative statement whose validity is still to be tested

(B) Supposition which is based on the past experiences

(C) Statement of fact

12. What do you mean by synopsis of a research project?

(A) The blue print of research

(B) Extracts from the research observations

(C) A plan of the research

(D) Summary of the findings of the research

13. Can a problem be stated?

(A) By putting forward a question

(B) Making a statment which is declarative in nature

(C) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

14. What do you mean by an assumption?

(A) It is a framework in which research work has to be done

(B) It simplifies the logical process of arriving at the solution

(C) It is a restrictive condition

15. A null hypothesis is

(A) hypothesis of no difference

(B) Hypothesis that assigns value of zero to the variable

(C) Hypothesis of zero significance

16. The preparation of a synopsis is

(B) a science

(D) None of these

17. The advantage of sampling is

(A) time-saving

(B) capital-saving

(C) increased accurary

(D) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

18. In case of destructive testings, the best method of research is

(A) Sampling

(B) Complete enumeration

(C) Census survey

 (D) None of the above

19. The method of Randomization involves

(A) lottery

(B) Coin method

(C) Tippit’s table of random digits

(D)All of the above

20. The advantages of random sampling is that

(A) It is free from personal biases

(B) It produces reasonably accurate results

(C) It is an economical method of data. Collection

21. Tippit table is

(A) A table of random digits

(B) Used in statistical investigations

(C) Used in sampling methods

22. The demerits of sampling methods is

(A) Existence of sampling errors

 (B) Requirements of adequately trained personnel for sample survey

 (C) Non-uniformity in sample units

23. What is the meaning of Randomization?

(A) Each and every unit of the population has an equal chance of selection in the sample

(B) The selection or non-selection of a unit of population does not affect the selection or non-selection of the other unit of the population in the sample

(C) It is a method of selection which is free from subjective biases.

24. Type-1 Error occurs when

(A) The null hypothesis is rejected even when it is true

(B) The null hypothesis is accepted even when it is false

(C) The null hypothesis as well as Alternative hypothesis, both are rejected

25. What is/are the base(s) of formulation of a Hypothesis?

(A) Reflection

(B) Deduction

(C) Observation

(D) All of these

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-2

1. Which is not the characteristic of research

(A) Basic Research

(B) Holistic Perspective

(C) Context Sensitivity

(D) Ex-Post Facto Research

2. The different between the Ex-Post Facto Research and Experiments research is

(B) Control

3. Ex-Post Facto Research could be

4. Part of social research is

(A) Laboratory experiment

(B) Field Experiment

(C) Survey research

5. Kotz has been divided field studies into

(A) Exploratory

(B) Hypothesis testing

(C) Both of the above

6. Which of the following is a step of research design?

 (A) Defining the problem and formulating a hypothesis

(B) Collecting data

(C) Drawing inferences from the data

7. Which of the following is the chief characteristic of sampling methods?

(A) Economy

(B) Reliability

(C) Feasibility

8. Scientific methods are used in

(A) only research projects in pure sciences

(B) social science researches

(D) Neither ‘A’ nor ‘B’

9. Which of the following is a type of hypothesis?

(A) Interrogative hypothesis

(B) Declarative hypothesis

(C) Directional hypothesis

10. Which of the following is a non-probability sampling method?

(A) Simple random sampling

(B) Systematic sampling

(C) Cluster sampling

(D) Quota sampling

11. In which of the following cases, the formation of hypothesis may not be necessary?

(A) Investigative historical studies

(B) Experimental studies

(C) Normative studies

(D) Survey studies

12. A researcher divides the whole population in different parts and then fixes the no. of units from each of the parts that are to be included in the sample. The method of sampling used by him is

(A) Stratified random sampling

(B) Cluster sampling

(C) Quota sampling

13. For the population with finite size which of the following sampling method is generally preferred?

(A) Cluster sampling

(B) Area sampling

(C) Preposive sampling

(D) Systematic sampling

14. A research is based on

 (A) Ideas of the scientists

(B) Experiments

(C) Scientific method

(D) Some general principles

15. The scientific study of the historical back ground of the events to determine its bearing on the present conditions is called

(A) Philosophical research

(B) Action research

(C) Experimental research

(D) Historical research

16. Research and Development (R&D) has now become the index of development of country because

(A) R&D reflect the true economic and social conditions prevailing in a country

(B) R&D targets the human development

(C) R&D can improve the standard of living of the people in a country

17. The word ‘unscientific means

(A) Prejudices and biases

(B) Useless arguments

(C) Not being in harmony

18. Who put forward the statement, “Research is an honest effort carried out through insight”?

19. The Data of research is, generally

(A) Qualitative only

(B) Quantitative only

20. Which of the following is a paramount requirement of a Researcher?

(A) Scientific thinking

(B) Scientific feeling

(C) Scientific behaviour

(D) Scientific attitude

21. A research aims at

(A) Verifying the existing knowledge

(B) Acquiring new knowledge

(C) Filling the missing links in the existing Knowledge

 (D) All of the above

22. Longitudinal approach of Research deals with

(A) Short-term researches

(B) Long-term researches

(C) Horizontal researches

23. Action research means

(A) A longitudinal research

(B) An applied research

(C) Research which are initiated to solve the immediate problems

24. Why Yamuna Action Plan’, is an Action Research Plan?

(A) It has a definite goals and objectives

(B) It is to be finished in a pre-determined schedule

(C) It has a definite socio-economic objective

25. Which of the following Researches emphasise primarily the factual aims?

(A) Philosophical researches

(B) Historical researches

(C) Theoretical researches

(D) Behavioral researches

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-3

1. A successful research requirements

(A) Planning

(B) Guidance

2. Which of the following is the research purpose?

(A) To study a phenomenon or to achieve a new insight in to it

(B)To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with

(C) To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship, between variables

3. Which is the Design of sampling?

(A) Probability selection

(B) Purposive Methods

(C) Mixed Sample

4. Survey research methods come under

(A) Pre-empirical research methods

(B) Descriptive research methods

(C) Experimental research methods

5. Ethical principle is available in which report

(A) Belmont Report

(B) Finance report

(C) Research Report

6. The logic of induction is very much related with

(A) The logic of sampling

(B) The logic of controlled variable

(C) The logic of observation

7. The aims of research

(A) are descriptive in nature

(B) are founded on human values

(C) cause-effect-relatedness

8. The aims of research is/are

(A) Verification

(B) Fact finding

(C) Theoretical development

9. Objective or unbiased observation is most vital in

(A) All walks of life

(B) Performing experiments

(C) Normal behaviour

(D) Research methods

10. The reporting of Research findings should be done

(A) by the scientists themselves

(B) in a scientific and effective way

(C) through internet

(D) through scientific journals

11. Reliability of a research result implies its

(A) Verifiability

(B) Validity

(C) Uniqueness

(D) Usefulness

12. Watson and Mcgrath defined research as

(A) An intellectual exercise

(B) Using exploratory methods

(C) Using scientific methods

13. A research is

(A) A serious and investigative study

(B) Being illuminated

(C) Based on standarized conclusions

14. A person who is repeating the same mistakes again and again without trying to rectify it, is

(A) A foolish person

 (B) An excellent researcher

(C) An excellent forgetter

(D) An insane person

 15. In Hindi, the word “Anusandhan’

(A) Praying to achieve

(B) Attaining an aim

(C) Being goal-directed

(D) Following an aim

16. The word “Research” means

(A) To know

(C) To move

(D) To innovate

17. Social research can be divided into

(A) Two categories

(B) Three categories

(C) Four categories

(D) Five categories

18. Which of the following is/are categories of social research?

(B) Field experiment

19. Which of the following is/are types of field studies?

(A) Exploratory testing

20. Survey research studies

(B) Populations

(C) Circumstances

(D) Processes

21. Evaluation research is concerned with

(A) What are we doing?

(B) Why are we doing?

(C)  How well are we doing?

22. Action research is a type of

 (A) Applied research

 (B) Quality research

(C) Working research

(D) Survey research

23. Which of the following is the key factor in determining the success of group research?

(B) Organization

(C) Researcher

(D) Creativity

24. Which of the following have a direct bearing on research tools and techniques?

(A) Concepts

 (B) Knowledge

(C) Aspirations

25. The aim of group research is to achieve integration on

(A) Conceptual level

(B) Technical level

(C) Human level

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-4

1. The evolution of operation research could be associated within well-known development of

(A) Industrial organization

(B) Institutional organization

(C) Small scale organization

(D) Traditional organization

2. The problem and techniques can be classified broadly into

(A) Inventory control

(B) Game theory

(C) Network analysis

(D)All of these

3. Which of the following is/are essential requirement/s to carry out a successful research

(C) Experts

4. Which of the following has a great impact mind of the researcher?

(A) References

 (B) Finance

(C) Journals

(D) Library

5. Which of the following is the first step in a research process?

(A) Selecting a topic

(B) Formulating research problem

(C) Development of a hypothesis

6. Hypothesis relate generally or specifically

(A) Variables to variables

(B) Constant to variables

(C) Variables to constant

(D) Constant to constant.

7. The source of hypotheses may be based

(A) Chance-intuition

(B) Expectation

 (D) None of these

8. Research design is

(B) A structure

(C) An strategy

9. Which of the following is/are purposes of the research design?

(A) Providing answers of research questions

 (B) Controling the variance

10. In which of the following selection depends on chance?

(B) Purposive method

(C) Mixed sample

11. In the purposive method of sampling design, items are selected according to

(A) Law of probability

(B) Personal judgement

(C) Law of certainty

12. If samples are taken concerning all probable characteristics then there are

(A) No chances of any error

(B) More chances of error

(C) Lesser chances of more errors

13. Primary data for the research process can be collected through

(A) Experiment

 14. A belief becomes a scientific truth when it is

(A) Established experimentally

(B) Arrived logically

15. In order to study the relationship of family size to income a researcher classifies his population into different income slabs and then takes a random sample from each slab. Which technique of sampling does he adopt?

(B) Random sampling

(C) Stratified random sampling

 16. A researcher uses statistical techniques in his problem to confirm

(A) Whether worthwhile inferences could be drawn

(B) Whether the data could be quantified

(C) Whether appropriate statistical techniques are available

(D) Whether analysis of data would be possible

17. Which of the following qualities do you consider essential for a research scientist?

(A) Keenness of observation

(B) Persistence

(C) Logical reasoning

18. With which of the following propositions about research you do not agree?

(A) Research improves the quality of teaching

(B) Research contributes to social progress of the country

(C) Research is a joy in itself

(D) Research leads to finding solution

19. Which of the following is/are essential for communicating a research work?

(A) Command over language

(B) Conclusions drawn

(C) Procedure followed

20. A researcher should consider himself as

(A) Open minded and radical

(B) A status-quo maintainer

(C) Fairly knowledgeable

(D) Entirely dependent on the teacher

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-5

1. A good researcher lays his hands on

(A) A specific area and tries to understand it great details in

(B) A specific area and tries to understand it in minute details

(C) Several areas and tries to understand them at basic level

(D) Any area of his interest

2. The research is always

(A) Verifying the old knowledge

(B) Exploring the new knowledge

3. The research that applies the laws at the time of field study to draw more and more clear ideas about the problem is

(A) Action research

(B) Experimental research

(C) Applied research

4. Which of the following process is not needed in experimental research?

(A) Observation

(B) Reference collection

(C) Controlling

(D) Manipulation

5. A research problem is not feasible only when

(A) It consists of independent and dependent variables

(B) It is researchable

(C) It has utality and relevance

(D) It is new and adds something to knowledge

6. Research methods can be put into which of the following category?

(A) Pre-empirical research

(B) Descriptive methods

(C)Experimental method

7. Choosing a specific behaviour and counting its occurrences comes under

(A) Correctional research

(B) Naturalistic observation

8. Determining the relationships between two or more variables comes under

(A) Naturalistic observation

(B) Correctional research

(D) Action research

9. Participant observation is the process of immersing yourself in the study of

(A) Processes

(D) Methods

10. A research method ‘ethnography’ is the process of describing a

(A) Culture

(B) way of life

11. Which of the following is an way of doing social science research?

(A) Case study

(B) Game study

(C) Plan study

(D) Process study

12. Dramaturgical interviewing is a technique of doing research by

(A) case study

(B) Role playing

(C) Planning

(D) Sampling

13. Which of the following is the goal of evaluation research?

(A) Situation-based decision making

(B) People-based decision making

(C) Data-based decision making

(D) Trend-based decision making

14. Under the evaluation research which type/s of decision is/are made?

(A) Need assessment

(B) Process evaluation

(C) Context evaluation

15. Usually which type of questions is asked during interviews?

(A) Close-ended

(B) Natural

(C) Open-ended

(D) Puzzling

16. Which of the following is not a component of ethical research?

(A) Competence

(B) Voluntariness

(C) Consent

(D) Suitability

17. Which of the following completes the research process?

(A) Research note

(B) Report writing

(C) Summary writing

(D) Preface writing

18. Which of the following is a suggested outline for report writing?

(A) Prefatory material

(B) Primary material

(C) Supplementary material

(D) Analytic material

19. Which of the following is the most eye catching part of the research report?

(A) Summary

(B) Conclusion

(C) Preface

(D) Glossary of terms

20. A research report is the presentation of

(A) Positive evidences.

(B) Negative evidences

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Qualitative Research MCQ Quiz With Answers

Take this exciting Qualitative research MCQ quiz that is designed to test your knowledge regarding the same. Qualitative research is a method of inquiry employed in several different academic disciplines, such as social sciences and natural sciences. It is also used in non-academic contexts, including market research, business, and service demonstrations by non-profits. Here, we'll ask you a few questions related to qualitative research methods. If you think you have a good understanding of this subject, then you must take this quiz and see if you know enough to pass this test.

Which of the following is NOT a method of quantitative research?

Grounded Theory Research

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Research

Experimental Research

Rate this question:

The grounded theory approach was developed by

Glaser and Strauss

Deductive Reasoning is applied in the:

Qualitative research

Quantitative research

Action research

Applied research

Which of the following is a qualitative research design where lived experiences of individuals are examined in their "lifeworld"?

Ethnography

Phenomenology

Grounded theory

Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research?

Deductive process

Control over the context

Fixed research design

Inductive process

The qualitative research design involves

Emergent design

Correlative design

Experimental design

Cohort design

The phenomenological study involves all the following features EXCEPT.

Bracket out

Description

Manipulation

Which of the following qualitative methods focuses on the description and interpretation of cultural behavior?

Symbolic interactionism

The area of inquiry in the grounded theory approach is

The holistic view of culture

Lived experiences

The behavior is observed over time in a natural context.

Social structural processes within a social setting

 The research design in which the area inquiry is the manner by which people make sense of social interactions:

The term triangulation was coined by:.

Denzin (1989)

Leininger (1985)

Glaser and Strauss (1967)

 In qualitative research, a guiding principle in deciding sample size is:

Effect size

Number of variables

Data saturation

Sub-group analysis

The term refers to the use of multiple referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth:

Item analysis

Factor analysis

Error measurement

Triangulation

Characteristics of qualitative research design are

Flexible and elastic design

Use of mixed methodologies

Ongoing analysis to formulate subsequent strategies

The researcher becomes the instrument.

All of the above

The tendency in qualitative research to derive a complex array of data from a variety of sources, using a variety of methods, is termed as:

Cross-tabulation

Confirmability

The term “action research” was coined by:

Glaser & Strauss

Karl Pearson

Jacob Cohen

The standards for critiquing qualitative research include except:

Descriptive vividness

Methodological Congruence

Analytical and interpretative preciseness

Heuristic relevance

Chance for committing Type-I error

A method of analyzing qualitative data that involves an interactive approach to testing the research hypothesis:

Analytic induction

Axial coding

'Blind' review

Inquiry audit

The process of identifying and holding in abeyance any preconceived beliefs and opinions one has about the phenomena of understanding is:

Content Analysis

A design that unfolds in the course of a qualitative study as the researcher makes ongoing design:

Quasi-experimental design

Exploratory design

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Our experts have gathered these Quantitative Research Method MCQs through research, and we hope that you will be able to see how much knowledge base you have for the subject of Quantitative Research Method by answering these multiple-choice questions. Get started now by scrolling down!

1: The ________ measures a distribution's standard deviation in terms of its percentage to the mean.

A.   Variance

B.   ​z-score

C.   Median

D.   Coefficient of variation

2: Which of the following best describes quantitative research?

A.   A research approach that focuses on collecting qualitative data

B.   A research approach that uses statistical and numerical data for analysis

C.   A research approach that emphasizes subjective interpretations and meanings

D.   A research approach that relies solely on observational data

3: What is the primary goal of quantitative research?

A.   To explore and describe phenomena in-depth

B.   To generate new theories and concepts

C.   To measure and quantify relationships between variables

D.   To understand subjective experiences and perspectives

4: Which of the following is an example of a quantitative research method?

A.   Case study

B.   Grounded theory

C.   Experimental design

D.   Phenomenological inquiry

5: What is a variable in quantitative research?

A.   A constant value that remains the same throughout the study

B.   A measurable attribute that can vary or take different values

C.   A qualitative characteristic that cannot be measured or quantified

D.   A research question or hypothesis to be tested

6: What is the purpose of sampling in quantitative research?

A.   To collect a diverse range of qualitative data

B.   To ensure generalizability of findings to the larger population

C.   To generate rich and detailed descriptions of specific cases

D.   To explore subjective experiences and meanings

7: Which statistical analysis method is used to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables?

A.   Factor analysis

B.   Chi-square test

C.   Correlation analysis

D.   ANOVA

8: What is the role of a hypothesis in quantitative research?

A.   To provide a detailed description of the research topic

B.   To guide the research process and generate testable predictions

C.   To summarize and interpret the findings of the study

D.   To explore subjective experiences and perspectives

9: Which of the following is an example of a survey-based quantitative research instrument?

A.   Interview guide

B.   Focus group protocol

C.   Questionnaire

D.   Observational checklist

10: What is the term used to describe the extent to which a research study accurately measures what it intends to measure?

A.   Reliability

B.   Validity

C.   Generalizability

D.   Replicability

11: Which research design allows for causal inferences to be made in quantitative research?

A.   Cross-sectional design

B.   Longitudinal design

D.   Ethnographic design

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