mohan and sohan are working on an assignment

Rohan and Elan are working on an assignment. Rohan takes 6 hrs to type 32 pages on a computer while Elan takes 5 hrs to type 40 pages. How much time will they take working together on two different computers to type an assignment of 110 pages?

Number of pages typed by ronald in 1 hour = 32 6 = 16 3 number of pages typed by elan in 1 hour = 40 5 = 8 number of pages typed by both in 1 hour = ( 16 3 + 8 ) = 40 3 time taken by both to type 110 pages = ( 110 × 3 40 ) = 33 4 = 8 hrs 15 min.

Ronald and Elan are working on an assignment. Ronald takes 6 hours to type 32 pages on a computer and Elan takes 5 hours to type 40 pages. How much time will they take, working together on two different computers to type an assignment of 110 pages?

Ravi and Kumar are working on an assignment. Ravi takes 6 hours to type 32 pages on a computer, while Kumar takes 5 hours to type 40 pages. How much time will they take, working together on two different computers to type an assignment of 110 pages?

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How To Solve Time and Work Problems Quickly

March 7, 2024

How to Solve Time and Work Problems Quickly

Go through the entire page to know How To Solve Time and Work Questions Quickly in easy way.

How to Solve Work and Time Questions Quickly

Types of problem that can be asked in placement exam related to time and work

Type 1: calculate time taken or work completed by one, two or more workers.

Question 1. Rohan and Mohan can paint a wall in 12 days together, Mohan and Sohan can paint the same wall in 15 days together and Rohan and Soham can paint that wall in 20 days together. In how many days Rohan alone can paint the wall?

Solution : Rohan + Mohan + Soham one day work = \frac{1}{2} ( \frac{1}{12} + \frac{1}{15} + \frac{1}{20} )

Rohan + Mohan + Soham one day work = \frac{1}{10}

Now, Rohan’s one day work = \frac{1}{10} – \frac{1}{15} = \frac{1}{30}

Therefore, Rohan alone will paint the wall in 30 days.

Correct option: B

Question 2.Mamta can alone complete a part of assignment in 8 days. Work done by Sunil alone in one day is half of the work done by Mamta alone in one day. In how many days can the assignment be completed, if Mamta and Sunil work together?

A. 5.33 days

Solution : Mamata can finish part of assignment in one day = \frac{1}{8}

Sunil can finish part of assignment in one day = \frac{1}{16}

Mamata + Sunil together finish part of assignment in one day = \frac{1}{8} + \frac{1}{16} = \frac{3}{16}

Therefore, together they will take \frac{16}{3} days = 5.33 days.

Correct option: A

Question 3. Husband H and wife W can do a work in 24 days together. Husband can do the same job in 60 days alone. Then at what time wife can complete the same work alone?

Solution : Wife’s one day work = \frac{1}{24} – \frac{1}{60} = \frac{1}{40}

Therefore, she will take 40 days.

Correct option: D

Type 2:How To Solve Quickly Work and Time Questions when efficiency is given in percentage

Question 1. Jaya is twice as efficient as Maya. Jaya takes 30 days less than Maya to finish the work. Calculate the time required to finish the work together.

Solution : Time required to complete the job together is given by

T = m × \frac{D}{m^2 – 1}

T = 2 × \frac{30}{2^2 – 1}

T = \frac{60}{3}

T= 20 days.

Correct option: C

Question 2. 6 students and 3 professionals can complete a task in 12 days by working 8 hours every day. In how much time will 12 professionals complete the same task by working 6 hours every day, if the efficiency of each student is twice that of a professionals?

Solution: 1 student= 2 professionals (as given in question, efficiency of each student is twice that of a professionals)

6 students = 12 professionals

(6 students + 3 professionals) * 8 * 12 = 12 professionals * 6 * D

15 professionals * 8 * 12 = 12 professionals * 6 * D

D = (15 x 8)/6 = 20

Question 3. Rajat takes 6 days to complete the assignment whereas Jannat completes the same assignment in 12 days. In how much time they will complete the assignment together?

Solution: Rajat can do the work in = 6 days

Jannat can do the work in = 12 days

Together they can do the work in = \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{12} = \frac{3}{12} = \frac{1}{4} = 4 days

Type 3: Calculate time/work when workers leave in between

Question 1. Three friends Anmol, Balbir and Chinu can do a work together in 12, 18, and 24 days respectively. After working 4 days Anmol and Chinu leaves the work. Find in how many days Balbir alone can complete the remaining work ?

D. \frac{18}{5} days

Solution: (Anmol + Balbir + Chinu)’s one day work = \frac{1}{12} + \frac{1}{18} + \frac{1}{24} = \frac{13}{72}

4’s day work = 4 × \frac{13}{72} = \frac{13}{18}

Therefore, remaining work = 1 – \frac{13}{18} = \frac{5}{18}

Now, time taken by Balbir to complete the work = \frac{5}{18} × 18 = 5

Question 2. Madhur can complete a part of task in 25 days. Her friend Divya can finish it in 20 days. They work together for 5 days and then Madhur left the work. In how many days will Divya finish the remaining work?

Solution: Time taken by Madhur to finish the task = 25 days

Hence, Madhur’s one day work = \frac{1}{25}

Divya takes time to finish the work = 20 days

So, Divya’s one day’s work = \frac{1}{20}

Madhur + Divya’s 1 day’s work = \frac{1}{25} + \frac{1}{20} = \frac{9}{100}

Madhur + Divya’s 5 day’s work = 5 × \frac{9}{100} = \frac{9}{20}

Therefore, remaining work (1 – \frac{9}{20} ) = \frac{11}{20}

Now, (\frac{11}{20})^{th} part of work is done by Divya in one day

Therefore, \frac{11}{20} work will be done by Divya in 20 × \frac{11}{20} = 11

Question 3. Zubair can finish his assignment in 18 days. His brother Muneer can do the same assignment in 15 days. Muneer worked for 10 days and left the assignment. In how many days, Zubair alone can finish the remaining assignment?

Solution: Muneer’s one day work on assignment = \frac{1}{15} × 10 = \frac{2}{3}

Remaining work = 1 – \frac{2}{3} = \frac{1}{3}

According to the question, A’s one day work = \frac{1}{18}

Therefore \frac{1}{3} work is done by Zubair in \frac{1}{3} × 18 = 6 days

Type 4: Share of salary based on work

Question 1. Raj and Ram undertook a work for Rs. 4000. Raj alone can do a part of work in 6 days. Ram alone can do a part of work in 8 days. Their friend Tony joined them and they completed the work in 3 days. What is the share of Tony ?

Solution : Tony’s one day work = \frac{1}{3} – ( \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{8} ) = \frac{1}{24}

Their ratio of one day work = \frac{1}{6} : \frac{1}{8} : \frac{1}{24}

Tony worked for 3 days

Therefore, his share = 3 × \frac{1}{24} × 4000 = 500.

Correct option: A

Question 2. Kulfi can do a work in 10 days. Another girl joined and they complete the same work in 6 days. If they get Rs. 100 for the work, what is the share of another girl ?

Solution: Kulfi can do the work in = 10 days

Both can do the work in = 6 days

Another girl can do the work = \frac{1}{6} – \frac{1}{10} = \frac{1}{15} = 15 days

Kulfi and another girl’s share = 15: 10 = 3: 2

Therefore, another girl’s share = \frac{3}{5} × 100 = Rs. 60

Correct option: B

Question 3. Arti, Ankit, and Nidhi contracted a work for Rs. 9999. Together, Arti and Ankit completed \frac{7}{11} of the work. How much does Nidhi get ?

A. Rs. 3245

B. Rs. 3663

C. Rs. 6363

D. Rs. 3636

Solution : Arti + Ankit did = \frac{7}{11}

Nidhi completed = 1 – \frac{7}{11} = \frac{4}{11}

Arti + Ankit’ share : Nidhi’s share = 7 : 4

Nidhi’s share = \frac{4}{11} × 9999 = 3636.

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3 comments on “How To Solve Time and Work Problems Quickly”

Explain this question in the last Therefore, another girl’s share = \frac{3}{5} 5 3 × 100 = Rs. 60 How 3/5 came, please explain Question 2. Kulfi can do a work in 10 days. Another girl joined and they complete the same work in 6 days. If they get Rs. 100 for the work, what is the share of another girl ?

Solution: Kulfi can do the work in = 10 days

Another girl can do the work = \frac{1}{6} 6 1 –\frac{1}{10} 10 1 = \frac{1}{15} 15 1 = 15 days

Therefore, another girl’s share = \frac{3}{5} 5 3 × 100 = Rs. 60

Therefore, another girl’s share = 1/15 x 6 × 100 = Rs. 40 { ….per day effort* No.of day*price = Wage}

Correct option: NA

some very new logics really awesome

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RD Sharma 2019 Solutions for Class 8 Math Chapter 11 - Time And Work

RD Sharma Solutions
Time and Work

RD Sharma 2019 Solutions for Class 8 Math Chapter 11 Time And Work are provided here with simple step-by-step explanations. These solutions for Time And Work are extremely popular among class 8 students for Math Time And Work Solutions come handy for quickly completing your homework and preparing for exams. All questions and answers from the RD Sharma 2019 Book of class 8 Math Chapter 11 are provided here for you for free. You will also love the ad-free experience on Meritnation’s RD Sharma 2019 Solutions. All RD Sharma 2019 Solutions for class 8 Math are prepared by experts and are 100% accurate.

Page No 11.10:

Question 1:.

Rakesh can do a piece of work in 20 days. How much work can he do in 4 days?

It is given that Rakesh can do a piece of work in 20 days . ∴ Rakesh ' s 1 day 's work = 1 20 ∴ Rakesh ' s work for 4 days = 4 20 = 1 5 Thus , he can do 1 5 th of the work in 4 days .

Question 2:

Rohan can paint 1 3 of a painting in 6 days. How many days will he take to complete the painting?

Rohan can paint 1 3 rd of a painting in 6 days . ∴ Time taken by Rohan to complete the painting = 6 × 3 days = 18 days .

Question 3:

Anil can do a piece of work in 5 days and Ankur in 4 days. How long will they take to do the same work, if they work together?

Time taken by Anil to do the work = 5 days Time taken by Ankur to do the work = 4 days ∴ Work done by Anil in 1 day = 1 5 Work done by Ankur in 1 day = 1 4 ∴ Work done by Anil and Ankur in one day = 1 5 + 1 4 = 4 + 5 20 = 9 20 Thus , Anil and Ankur can do the work in 20 9 days i . e . 2 2 9 days .

Question 4:

Mohan takes 9 hours to mow a large lawn. He and Sohan together can mow it in 4 hours. How long will Sohan take to mow the lawn if he works alone?

Time taken by Mohan to do the work = 9 hours Time taken by Mohan and Sohan to do the work = 4 hours ∴ Work done by Mohan = 1 9 Work done by Mohan and Sohan = 1 4 ∴ Work done by Sohan = 1 4 - 1 9 = 9 - 4 36 = 5 36 Thus , Sohan can do the work in 36 5 hours i . e . 7 1 5 hours .

Question 5:

Sita can finish typing a 100 page document in 9 hours. Mita in 6 hours and Rita in 12 hours. How long will they take to type a 100 page document if they work together?

Time taken by Sita to do the work = 9 hours Time taken by Mita to do the work = 6 hours Time taken by Ri ta to do the work = 12 hours Now , Work done by Sita = 1 9 Work done by Mita = 1 6 Work done by Rita = 1 12 ∴ Work done by them together = 1 9 + 1 6 + 1 12 = 4 + 6 + 3 36 = 13 36 Thus , together they can do the work in 36 13 hours .

Question 6:

A , B and C working together can do a piece of work in 8 hours. A alone can do it in 20 hours and B alone can do it in 24 hours. In how many hours will C alone do the same work?

Time taken by A to do the work = 20 hours Time taken by B to do the work = 24 hours Time taken by A + B + C to do the work = 8 hours Now , Work done by A = 1 20 Work done by B = 1 24 Work done by A + B + C = 1 8 ∴ Work done by C = 1 8 - 1 20 + 1 24 = 1 8 - 6 120 + 5 120 = 1 8 - 11 120 = 15 - 11 120 = 4 120 = 1 30 Thus , C can do the work in 30 hours .

Question 7:

A and B can do a piece of work in 18 days; B and C in 24 days and A and C in 36 days. In what time can they do it, all working together?

Time taken by A + B to do the work = 18 days Time taken by B + C to do the work = 24 days Time taken by A + C to do the work = 36 days Now , Work done by A + B = 1 18 Work done by B + C = 1 24 Work done by A + C = 1 36 ∴ Work done together = A + B + B + C + A + C = 1 18 + 1 24 + 1 36 = 4 + 3 + 2 72 = 9 72 = 1 8 ∴ Work done together = 2 A + B + C = 1 8 ∴ Work done by A + B + C = 1 16 Thus , together they can finish the work in 16 days .

Question 8:

A and B can do a piece of work in 12 days; B and C in 15 days; C and A in 20 days. How much time will A alone take to finish the work?

Time taken by A + B to do the work = 12 days Time taken by B + C to do the work = 15 days Time taken by A + C to do the work = 20 days Now , Work done by A + B = 1 12 Work done by B + C = 1 15 Work done by A + C = 1 20 ∴ Work done together = A + B + B + C + A + C = 1 12 + 1 15 + 1 20 = 5 + 4 + 3 60 = 12 60 = 1 5 ∴ Work done together = 2 A + B + C = 1 5 ∴ Work done by A + B + C = 1 10 ∴ Work done by A alone = A + B + C - B + C = 1 10 - 1 15 = 3 - 2 30 = 1 30 Thus , A alone can do the work in 30 days .

Question 9:

A , B and C can reap a field in 15 3 4 days; B , C and D in 14 days; C , D and A in 18 days; D , A and B in 21 days. In what time can A , B , C and D together reap it?

Time taken by A + B + C to do the work = 15 3 4 days = 63 4 days Time taken by B + C + D to do the work = 14 days Time taken by C + D + A to do the work = 18 days Time taken by D + A + B to do the work = 21 days Now , Work done by A + B + C = 4 63 Work done by B + C + D = 1 14 Work done by C + D + A = 1 18 Work done by D + A + B = 1 21 ∴ Work done by working together = A + B + C + B + C + D + C + A + D + D + A + B = 4 63 + 1 14 + 1 18 + 1 21 = 4 63 + 9 + 7 + 6 126 = 4 63 + 22 126 = 4 63 + 11 63 = 15 63 ∴ Work done by working together = 3 A + B + C + D = 15 63 ∴ Work done by A + B + C + D = 15 63 × 3 = 5 63 Thus , together they can do the work in 63 5 days or 12 3 5 days .

Question 10:

A and B can polish the floors of a building in 10 days. A alone can do 1 4 th of it in 12 days. In how many days can B alone polish the floor?

It is given that A and B can polish the floors of the building in 10 days . ∴ Work done by A + B in 1 day = 1 10 Now , A alone can do 1 4 th of the work in 12 days . ∴ Time taken by A alone to do the complete work = 4 × 12 = 48 days ⇒ Work done by A in 1 day = 1 48 Now , work done by B in 1 day = Work done by A + B in 1 day - Work done by A in 1 day = 1 10 - 1 48 = 24 - 5 240 = 19 240 Thus , B alone can polish the floor in 240 19 days or 12 12 19 days .

Question 11:

A and B can finish a work in 20 days. A alone can do 1 5 th of the work in 12 days. In how many days can B alone do it?

It is given that A and B can finish the work in 20 days . ∴ Work done by A + B in 1 day = 1 20 Now , A alone can do 1 5 th of the work in 12 days . ∴ Time taken by A alone to complete the work = 5 × 12 = 60 days ⇒ Work done by A in 1 day = 1 60 Now , work done by B in 1 day = Work done by A + B in 1 day work - Work done by A in 1 day = 1 20 - 1 60 = 3 - 1 60 = 2 60 Thus , B alone can polish the floor in 60 2 days or 30 days .

Question 12:

A and B can do a piece of work in 20 days and B in 15 days. They work together for 2 days and then A goes away. In how many days will B finish the remaining work?

It is given that A can finish the work in 20 days and B can finish the same work in 15 days . ∴ Work done by A in 1 day = 1 20 Work done by B in 1 day = 1 15 ∴ Work done by A + B in 1 day = 1 20 + 1 15 = 3 + 4 60 = 7 60 ∴ Work done by A + B in 2 days = 14 60 = 7 30 Remaining work = 1 - 7 30 = 23 30 It is given that the remaining work is done by B . ∵ Complete work is done by B in 15 days . ∴ 23 30 of the work will be done by B in 15 × 23 30 days or 23 2 days or 11 1 2 days . Thus , the remaining work is done by B in 11 1 2 days .

Question 13:

A can do a piece of work in 40 days and B in 45 days. They work together for 10 days and then B goes away. In how many days will A finish the remaining work?

It is given that A can finish the work in 40 days and B can finish the same work in 45 days . ∴ Work done by A in 1 day = 1 40 Work done by B in 1 day = 1 45 ∴ Work done by A + B in 1 day = 1 40 + 1 45 = 9 + 8 360 = 17 360 ∴ Work done by A + B in 10 day s = 10 × 17 360 = 17 36 Remaining work = 1 - 17 36 = 19 36 It is given that the remaining work is done by B . Complete work is done by B in 45 days . ∴ 19 36 of the work will be done by B in 45 × 19 36 days or 23 3 4 days . Thus , the remaining work is done by B in 23 3 4 days .

Question 14:

Aasheesh can paint his doll in 20 minutes and his sister Chinki can do so in 25 minutes. They paint the doll together for five minutes. At this juncture they have a quarrel and Chinki withdraws from painting. In how many minutes will Aasheesh finish the painting of the remaining doll?

Aasheesh can paint a doll in 20 minutes , and Chinki can do the same in 25 minutes . ∴ Work done by Aasheesh in 1 minute = 1 20 ∴ Work done by Chinki in 1 minute = 1 25 ∴ Work done by them together = 1 20 + 1 25 = 5 + 4 100 = 9 100 ∴ Work done by them in 5 minutes = 5 × 9 100 = 9 20 Remaining work = 1 - 9 20 = 11 20 It is given that the remaining work is done by Aasheesh . The work done by Aasheesh in 20 minutes . ∴ 11 20 th work will be done by Aasheesh in 20 × 11 20 minutes or 11 minutes . Thus , the remaining work is done by Aasheesh in 11 minutes .

Question 15:

A and B can do a piece of work in 6 days and 4 days respectively. A started the work; worked at it for 2 days and then was joined by B . Find the total time taken to complete the work.

A can do a work in 6 days , and B can do the same work in 4 days . ∴ Work done by A in 2 days = 2 6 = 1 3 Remaining work = 1 - 1 3 = 2 3 ∴ Work done by A + B in 1 day = 1 6 + 1 4 = 2 + 3 12 = 5 12 ∵ 5 12 th work is done by A and B in 1 day . ∴ 2 3 rd work will be done by A and B in 12 5 × 2 3 days or 8 5 days . ∴ Total time taken = 8 5 + 2 days = 18 5 days = 3 3 5 days

Question 16:

6 men can complete the electric fitting in a building in 7 days. How many days will it take if 21 men do the job?

It is given that 6 men can complete a job in 7 days . ∴ Time taken by 1 man to complete the same job = 6 × 7 = 42 days ∴ Time taken by 21 men to complete the same job = 42 21 = 2 days

Question 17:

8 men can do a piece of work in 9 days. In how many days will 6 men do it?

It is given that 8 men can complete a job in 9 days . ∴ Time taken by 1 man to complete the same job = 8 × 9 = 72 days ∴ Time taken by 6 men to complete the same job = 72 6 = 12 days

Question 18:

Reema weaves 35 baskets in 25 days. In how many days will she weave 55 baskets?

It is given that Reema weaves 35 baskets in 25 days . ∴ Time taken by her to weave 1 basket = 25 35 day ∴ Time taken by her to weave 55 baskets = 25 35 × 55 days = 1375 35 days = 275 7 days = 39 2 7 days

Question 19:

Neha types 75 pages in 14 hours. How many pages will she type in 20 hours?

It is given that Neha types 75 pages in 14 hours . ∴ Number of pages typed by her in 1 hour = 75 14 ∴ Number of pages typed by her in 20 hours = 75 14 × 20 pages = 1500 14 pages = 750 7 pages = 107 1 7 pages Thus , Neha types 107 1 7 pages in 20 hours .

Question 20:

If 12 boys earn Rs 840 in 7 days, what will 15 boys earn in 6 days?

Earnings of 12 boys in 7 days = Rs . 840 ∴ Earnings of 12 boys in 1 day = Rs . 840 7 = Rs . 120 ∴ Earnings of 1 boy in 1 day = Rs . 120 12 = Rs . 10 ∴ Earnings of 1 boy in 6 days = Rs . 10 × 6 = Rs . 60 ∴ Earnings of 15 boys in 6 days = Rs . 60 × 15 = Rs . 900

Question 21:

If 25 men earn Rs 1000 in 10 days, how much will 15 men earn in 15 days?

Earnings of 25 men in 10 days = Rs . 1000 ∴ Earnings of 25 men in 1 day = Rs . 1000 10 = Rs . 100 ∴ Earning of 1 man in 1 day = Rs . 100 25 = Rs . 4 ∴ Earnings of 1 men in 15 days = Rs . 15 × 4 = Rs . 60 ∴ Earnings of 15 men in 15 days = Rs . 60 × 15 = Rs . 900

Page No 11.11:

Question 22:.

Working 8 hours a day, Ashu can copy a book in 18 days. How many hours a day should he work so as to finish the work in 12 days?

If Ashu works for 8 hours daily , he can finish the work in 18 days . If he works for 1 hour daily , he can finish the work in 18 × 8 days or 144 days . ∴ Number of hours he should work daily to finish the work in 12 days = 144 12 = 12

Question 23:

If 9 girls can prepare 135 garlands in 3 hours, how many girls are needed to prepare 270 garlands in 1 hour?

Number of garlands made by 9 girls in 1 hour = 135 3 = 45 Number of garlands made by 1 girl in 1 hour = 45 9 = 5 ∴ Number of girls required to make 270 garlands in 1 hour = 270 5 = 54 .

Question 24:

A cistern can be filled by one tap in 8 hours, and by another in 4 hours. How long will it take to fill the cistern if both taps are opened together?

Time taken by the first tap to fill the cistern = 8 hours Time taken by the second tap to fill the cistern = 4 hours ∴ Work done by the first tap in 1 hour = 1 8 Work done by the second tap in 1 hour = 1 4 ∴ Work done by both the taps in 1 hour = 1 8 + 1 4 = 1 + 2 8 = 3 8 Thus , both the taps together will fill the cistern in 8 3 hours or 2 2 3 hours .

Question 25:

Two taps A and B can fill an overhead tank in 10 hours and 15 hours respectively. Both the taps are opened for 4 hours and they B is turned off. How much time will A take to fill the remaining tank?

Pipe A can fill the tank in 10 hours , and pipe B can fill the tank in 15 hours . ∴ In 1 hour , A can fill 1 10 th part of the tank . In 1 hour , B can fill 1 15 th part of the tank . ∴ In 1 hour , A and B can fill 1 10 + 1 15 = 3 + 2 30 = 5 30 = 1 6 th part of the tank ∴ In 4 hours , A and B can fill 1 6 × 4 = 2 3 rd part of the tank Remaining part of the tank = 1 - 2 3 = 1 3 Now , A can fill the tank in 10 hours . ∴ 1 3 rd part of the tank can be filled by A in ( 1 3 × 10 ) hours or 10 3 hours or 3 1 3 hours .

Question 26:

A pipe can fill a cistern in 10 hours. Due to a leak in the bottom it is filled in 12 hours. When the cistern is full, in how much time will it be emptied by the leak?

When there is no leakage , the pipe can fill the cistern in 10 hours . Thus , the pipe can fill 1 10 th part of the cistern in 1 hour . When there is leakage , the pipe can fill the cistern in 12 hours . Therefore , in case of leakage , the pipe can fill 1 12 th part of the cistern in 1 hour . Thus , in one hour , due to leakge , 1 10 - 1 12 th or 1 60 th part of the cistern is emptied . Hence , the cistern will be emptied by the leakage in 60 hours .

Question 27:

A cistern has two inlets A and B which can fill it in 12 hours and 15 hours respectively. An outlet can empty the full cistern in 10 hours. If all the three pipes are opened together in the empty cistern, how much time will they take to fill the cistern completely?

Time taken by tap A to fill the cistern = 12 hours Time taken by tap B to fill the cistern = 15 hours Let C be the outlet that can empty the cistern in 10 hours . Time taken by tap C to empty the cistern = 10 hours Now , Tap A fills 1 12 th part of the cistern in 1 hour . Tap B fills 1 15 th part of the cistern in 1 hour . Tap C empties out 1 10 th part of the cistern in 1 hour . Thus , in one hour , 1 12 + 1 15 - 1 10 th part of the cistern is filled . We have : 1 12 + 1 15 - 1 10 = 10 + 8 - 12 120 = 6 120 = 1 20 Thus , in 1 hour , 1 20 th part of the cistern is filled . Hence , the cistern will be filled completely in 20 hours if all the three taps are opened together .

Question 28:

A cistern can be filled by a tap in 4 hours and emptied by an outlet pipe in 6 hours. How long will it take to fill the cistern if both the tap and the pipe are opened together?

Time taken by the tap to fill the cistern = 4 hours ∴ Tap fills 1 4 th part of the cistern in 1 hour . Time taken by the pipe to empty the cistern = 6 hours ∴ Pipe empties out 1 6 th part of the cistern in 1 hour . Thus , in 1 hour , 1 4 - 1 6 th part of the cistern is filled . We have : 1 4 - 1 6 = 6 - 4 24 = 2 24 = 1 12 Thus , in 1 hour , 1 12 th part of the cistern is filled . Hence , the cistern will be filled in 12 hours .

View NCERT Solutions for all chapters of Class 8

CBSE Class 10 English Grammar – Direct And Indirect Speech

CBSE Class 10 Science CBSE Class 10 Social Science CBSE Class 10 Maths

(Statements, Commands, Requests, and Questions) The words spoken by a person can be reported in two ways—Direct and Indirect. When we quote the exact words spoken by a person, we call it Direct Speech.

Sohan said to Mohan, “I am going to school.”

The exact words spoken by Sohan are put within inverted commas. But when we give the substance of what Sohan said, it is called the Indirect Speech.

Direct and Indirect Speech

Sohan told to Mohan that he (Sohan) was going to school.

1. Reporting Clause and Reported Speech: Sohan told Mohan that he was going to school. The words which generally come before the inverted commas are called the reporting clause, i.e. Sohan said to Mohan and the verb ‘said’, is called the reporting verb. The words spoken by Sohan and put within inverted commas are called the reported speech, i.e. “I am going to school.”

2. Rules for Changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech:

In the Indirect speech, no inverted commas are used.
The conjunctions that, if, whether, are generally used after the reporting verb.
The first word of the reported speech begins with a capital letter.
The tense of the reporting verb is never changed.
The reporting verb changes according to sense: it may be told, asked, inquired

3. Rules for the Change of Pronouns:

The first person pronouns (I, me, my, we, us, our) in the reported speech change according to the subject of the reporting verb.
The pronouns of the second person (you, your, yourself) in the reported speech change according to the object of the reporting verb.
The pronouns of the third person do not change.

For example:

He said, “I like the book.” He said that he liked the book.
He said to me, “Do you like the book?” He asked me if I liked the book.
He said, “He likes the book.”a He said that he liked the book.

If the reporting verb is in the present or the future tense, the tense of the reported speech is not changed: Satish says, “I am flying a kite.” Satish says that he is flying a kite. Satish will say, “I want a glass of milk.” Satish will say that he wants a glass of milk.

If the direct speech expresses a historical fact, universal truth, or a habitual fact, then the tense of the direct speech will not change: Direct: He said, “Honesty is the best policy.” Indirect: He said that honesty is the best policy. Direct: He said, “The sun rises in the east.” Indirect: He said that the sun rises in the east. Direct: Rakesh said, “I am an early riser.” Indirect : Rakesh said that he is an early riser. Direct: She said, “God is omnipresent.” Indirect: She said that God is omnipresent. Direct: The teacher said, “The First World War started in 1914.” Indirect: The teacher said that the First World War started in 1914.

6. Changing Statements into Indirect Speech:

The reporting verb ‘said to’ is changed-to ‘told’, ‘replied’, ‘remarked’,
The reporting verb is not followed by an object, it is not changed.
The inverted commas are removed. The conjunction is used to connect the reporting clause with the reported speech.

The rules for the change of pronouns, tenses, etc. are followed.

Direct: Ramu said, “I saw a lion in the forest.” Indirect: Ramu said that he had seen a lion in the forest.
Direct: Satish said to me, “I am very happy here.” Indirect: Satish told me that he was very happy there.
Direct: He said, “I can do this work.” Indirect: He said that he could do that work.
Direct: Renu said to me, “I was washing the clothes.” Indirect: Renu told me that she had been washing the clothes.
Direct: She said, “I am not well.” Indirect: She said that she was not well.
Direct: He said to Sita, “I have passed the test.” Indirect: He told Sita that he had passed the test.
Direct: I said to my friend, “He has been working very hard.” Indirect: I told my friend that he had been working very hard.
Direct: My friend said to me, “I shall go to Delhi tomorrow.” Indirect: My friend told me that he would go to Delhi the next day.
Direct: I said, “I agree to what he said.” Indirect: I said that I agreed to what he had said.
Direct: The student said to the teacher, “I am sorry that I am late.” Indirect: The student told the teacher that he was sorry that he was late.

7. Rules for the Change of Interrogative (Questions) sentences:

The reporting verb “say’ is changed into ask, inquire,

The interrogative sentence is changed into a statement by placing the subject before the verb and the full stop is put at the end of the sentence.

If the interrogative sentence has a wh-word (who, when, where, how, why, etc) the wh-word is repeated in the sentence. It serves as conjunction.

If the interrogative sentence is a yes-no answer type sentence (with auxiliary verbs am, are, was, were, do, did, have, shall, etc), then ‘if or ‘whether’ is used as a conjunction.

The auxiliaries do, does, did in a positive question in the reported speech are dropped.

The conjunction is not used after the reporting clause.

Direct: I said to him, “Where are you going?” Indirect: I asked him where he was going.
Direct: He said to me, “Will you go there?” Indirect: He asked me if I would go there.
Direct: My friend said to Deepak, “Have you ever been to Agra?” Indirect: My friend asked Deepak if he had ever been to Agra.
Direct: I said to him, “Did you enjoy the movie?” Indirect: I asked him if he had enjoyed the movie.
Direct: I said to her, “Do you know him?” Indirect: I asked her if she knew him.
Direct: He said to me, “Will you listen to me?” Indirect: He asked me if I would listen to him.
Direct: I said to him, “When will you go there?” Indirect: I asked him when he would go there.
Direct: He said to me, “How is your father?” Indirect: He asked me how my father was.
Direct: I said to him, “Are you happy?” Indirect: I asked him if he was happy.
Direct: He said to her, “Do you like apples?” Indirect: He asked her if she liked apples.

8. Changing Commands and Requests into Indirect Speech:

In imperative sentences having commands, the reporting verb is changed into command, order, tell, allow, request,etc.
The imperative mood is changed into the infinitive mood by putting ‘to’, before the verb. In case of negative sentences, the auxiliary ‘do’ is dropped and ‘to’ is placed after ‘not’:
Direct: She said to me, “Open the window.” Indirect: She ordered me to open the window.
Direct: The captain said to the soldiers, “Attack the enemy.” Indirect: The captain commanded the soldiers to attack the enemy.
Direct: I said to him, “Leave this place at once.” Indirect: I told him to leave that place at once.
Direct: The teacher said to the students, “Listen to me attentively.” Indirect: The teacher asked the students to listen to him attentively.
Direct: The Principal said to the peon, “Ring the bell.” Indirect: The Principal ordered the peon to ring the bell.
Direct: The master said to the servant, “Fetch me a glass of water.” Indirect: The master ordered the servant to fetch him a glass of water.
Direct: I said to him, “Please bring me a glass of water.” Indirect: I requested him to bring me a glass of water.
Direct: I said to my friend, “Please lend me your book.” Indirect: I requested my friend to lend me his book.

9. Sentences with ‘Let’.

‘Let’ is used in various meanings.

(i) ‘Let’ is used to make a proposal.

First change the reporting verb into ‘proposed’ or ‘suggested’.
Use ‘should’ instead of ‘let’. Example: Direct: He said to me, “Let us go home.” Indirect: He suggested to me that we should go home.

(ii) ‘Let’ is used as ‘to allow’.

In Indirect Speech, we change the reporting verb to ‘requested’ or ‘ordered’.
We start Reported Speech with ‘to’. Direct: Ram said to Mohan, “Let him do it.” Indirect: Ram ordered Mohan to let him do that. Or Ram told Mohan that he might be allowed to do that.

10. Sentences with Question Tags (i) In the indirect speech the question-tag is usually left. (ii) In indirect speech these words are removed and the word ‘respectfully’ is used in the reporting clause. Direct: Mahesh said, “Sir, may I go home?” Indirect: Mahesh respectfully asked his sir if he might go home.

11. Sentences with ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ Direct : He said, “Can you dance?” And I said, “No.” Indirect: He asked me if I could dance and I replied that I couldn’t. Direct : My mother said, “Will you come home on time?” And I said, “Yes.” Indirect: My mother asked me if I would come home on time and I replied that I would.

Note : ‘Yes’ of ‘No’ hides a complete sentence. Therefore, change yes/no into a short answer.

Direct : She said to me, “You didn’t break the window, did you?” Indirect: She asked me if/whether I had broken the window. Direct : He said to Geeta, “You are going to the station, aren’t you?” Indirect: He asked Geeta if/ whether she was going to the station.

12. Sentences with ‘have to’ or ‘had to’ (i) Change ‘have to’ according to the rules. (ii) But change ‘had to’ into ‘had had to’ in the indirect speech. Direct : Hari said, “I have to work a lot.” Indirect: Hari said that he had to work a lot. Direct : Hari said, “I had to work a lot.” Indirect: Hari said that he had had to work a lot.

13. Sentences with ‘Sir’, ‘Madam’ or ‘Your Honour’ etc.

Generally such words are used to show respect to the person concerned.

You can master in English Grammar of various classes by our articles like Tenses, Clauses, Prepositions, Story writing, Unseen Passage, Notice Writing etc.

14. Exclamations and Wishes Sometimes Exclamatory sentences contain exclamations like Hurrah!, Alas!, Oh!, Heavens!, Bravo, etc. Such exclamatory words are removed in the indirect speech and we use ‘exclaimed with sorrow’, exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with surprise, etc. instead of ‘said’. Examples:

Direct : Rohan said, “Hurrah! We won the match.” Indirect: Rohan exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
Direct : Reema said, “Alas! Karina’s mother is suffering from cancer.” Indirect: Reema exclaimed with sorrow that Karina’s mother was suffering from cancer.
Direct : The captain said to Kapil, “Bravo! You scored 89 runs.” Indirect: The captain exclaimed with praise that he (Kapil) had scored 89 runs.

(a) Look at these sentences.

Direct : My mother said, “May God bless you!” Indirect: My mother prayed to God for my well being.
Direct : She said, “May God save the country!” Indirect: She prayed to God to save the country.
Direct : They said to the king, “Long live!” Indirect: They blessed the king for his long life.

(b) Look at these sentences.

Direct : Mohan said, “What a pity!” Indirect: Mohan exclaimed that it was a great pity.
Direct : I said, “How stupid he is!” Indirect: I exclaimed that it was a very stupid of him.
Direct : “What a terrible sight it is!” said the traveller. Indirect: The traveller exclaimed that it was a very terrible sight. All the sentences in inverted commas are exclamatory sentences.

Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:

(i) He said, “I will do it now.” Answer: He said that he would do it then.

(ii) He says, “Honesty is the best policy.” Answer: He says that honesty is the best policy.

(iii) Ramesh says, “I have written a letter.” Answer: Ramesh says that he has written a letter.

(iv) She said, “Mahesh will be reading a book.” Answer: She said that Mahesh would be reading a book.

(v) She said, “Where is your father?” Answer: She inquired where his father was.

(vi) He said to me, “Please take your book.” Answer: He requested me to take my book.

(vii) The Principal said to the peon, “Let this boy go out.” Answer: The Principal ordered the peon to let that boy go out.

(viii) He said to me, “May you live long!” Answer: He prayed that I might live long.

(ix) She said, “Goodbye friends!” Answer: She bade goodbye to her friends.

(ix) The student said, “Alas! I wasted my time last year.” Answer: The student regretted that he had wasted his time the previous year. Exercise (Unsolved)

The captain said, “Bravo! well done, my boys.”
He said to her, “Why do you read this book?”
He said to her, “Does your cow not kick?”
He said to his brother, “Shailesh has broken my glass.”
Our teacher said, “The earth revolves around the sun.”
He said to me, “Why have you come here?”
Usha said, “Father, you are very kind to me.”
The teacher said to the boys, “Do not make a noise.”
He said to his friend, “May you prosper in business!”
The officer said to the peon, “Let the visitor come into my office.”

When we want to tell somebody else what another person said, we can use either direct speech and reported speech. When we use direct speech, we use the same words but use quotation marks, For example: Scott said, “I am coming to work. I will be late because there is a lot of traffic now.”

When we use reported speech, we usually change the verbs, specific times, and pronouns. For example: Scott said that he was coming to work. He said that he would be late because there was a lot of traffic at that time.

Reported Speech Exercises for Class 10 CBSE With Answers

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 10 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts.

Rules for Reported Speech While changing direct speech into reported speech or vice-versa the following changes occur:

1. Changes In Reporting Verb Affirmative sentences: said, told (object), asserted, replied, assured, informed, responded, whispered, alleged, believed, assumed, thought Interrogative sentences: asked, enquired, wanted to know Imperative sentences: ordered, begged, pleaded, implored, advised, demanded

2. Change Of Pronouns Direct Speech: Johnny said, ‘I am playing.’ Indirect Speech: Johnny said that he was playing. First-person generally changes to third person {depending upon the subject of the reporting verb).

3. Change Of Tenses

In general, present tense becomes past tense; past tense and present perfect become past perfect.

4. Change of situations Example: Nagesh said, ‘I read this book last week. (direct speech) Nagesh said that he had read that book the previous week, (indirect speech)

‘this’ becomes ‘that’
‘last week’ becomes ‘the previous week’
here – there
today – that day
yesterday – the day before/the previous day
tomorrow – the next day/the coming day
last week – the week before/the previous week
next month – the next month/the coming month

5. In case of questions and answers Examples:

Nagesh asked, ‘Have you read this book?’ (direct speech)
Nagesh asked if’ whether I had read that book, (indirect speech)
Nagesh asked, ‘Where is the book?’ (direct speech)
Nagesh asked where the book was. (indirect speech)

(a) For yes/no questions – use if/whether (b) For wh- questions – use the wh-word

Word Order:

Nagesh asked, ‘What’s the matter?’
Nagesh asked what the matter was. (what + the matter + was)
Nagesh asked what was the matter, (what + was + the matter)
The word order can be either:
who/which/what + complement + be or ‘
who/which/what + be + complement

6. Reported Speech using present and future tenses Examples:

Nagesh said, ‘The sun rises in the east.’ (direct speech)
Nagesh said that the sun rises in the east, (indirect speech)
Nagesh said, ‘I will read this book.’ (direct speech)
Nagesh said that he will read that book, (indirect speech)
If the original speaker’s present and future is still present and future, the tense remains unchanged.

7. In case of modal verbs can becomes could

will – would
shall – should
may – might

would, should, could, might, ought to and must are unchanged. Example:

Nagesh said, ‘I can solve this sum.’ (direct speech)
Nagesh said that he could solve that sum. (indirect speech)

Reported Speech Solved Examples Exercises for Class 10 CBSE

Read the dialogue given below and then complete the passage that follows.

Question 1. Read the dialogue and complete the passage given below.

Interviewer: So, why do you want to be a computer programmer? Ravi: Well, I have always been interested in computers. Interviewer: I see. Do you have any experience? Ravi: No, but I’m a fast learner. Interviewer: What kind of a computer do you use? Ravi: Computer? Uhm, let me see. I can use a Mac. I also used Windows 10 once. Interviewer: That’s good.

Ravi recently attended an interview for the selection of a computer programmer. At the interview, he was asked (a) ……………………….. To this question he replied that he wanted to change his job because (b) ……………………….. When the interviewer asked him (e) ………………………. he replied that he (d) ……………………….. Finally, the interviewer wanted to know (e) ………………………. . Ravi replied that he could use a Mac and had also used Windows 10 once in the,.past. The interviewer seemed to be pleased with his answers. Answer: (a) why he wanted to be a computer programmer (b) he had always been interested in computers (c) whether he had any experience (d) didn’t but that he was a fast learner (e) the kind of computer he used

Question 2. Manu: Where are you going to? Annu: I am going to the market. Do you want anything?

Manu asked Annu (a) …………………… Annu replied (b) …………………… Annu replied (b) …………………… and she further asked (C) …………………… Answer: (a) where she was going. (b) that she was going to the market (c) if/whether she wanted anything.

Question 3. Sunita: Tomorrow is your birthday, what do you want as a gift? Neetu: That is a lovely thought but I don’t want anything.

Sunita asked Neetu since the next day was her birthday, (a) …………………… Neetu replied that (b) …………………… but (C) ………………….. . Answer: (a) what she wanted as a gift (b) that was a lovely thought (c) she did not want anything.

Question 4. Gardener: Did you water the plant today? Dev: No, but I will, today. Gardener: Then tomorrow I will get a sapling of sunflower.

The Gardener asked Dev (a) …………………… Dev replied negatively but (b) …………………… Then the gardener said that (c) ………………….. . Answer: (a) if/whether he had watered the plant that day. (b) said he would that day. (c) he would get a sapling of a sunflower the next day.

Question 5. Mr. Harish: Can you polish my shoes? Cobbler: Yes sir. But I will take 10 for each shoe.

Mr. Harish: I will not mind as long as it is done. Mr. Harish asked the cobbler (a) …………………… The cobbler replied affirmatively but (b) …………………… Mr. Harish said that (C) ……………………. Answer: (a) if/whether he could polish his shoes. (b) said that he would take 10 for each shoe (c) he would not mind as long as it was done.

Question 6. Electrician: When did your electricity go? Mohan: It is not working since evening. Electrician: Sorry sir, in this case, I will have to check the fuse now.

The electrician asked Mohan (a) …………………… Mohan replied that (b) …………………… The electrician apologetically said that in that case (c) …………………… Answer: (a) when his electricity had gone. (b) it was not working since evening. (c) he would have to check the fuse then.

Question 7. Teacher : Children, let us all pledge to save trees. Children : Yes, mam, we all pledge to save our trees as the trees are the lungs of the city. Teacher : Let us start today by planting a sapling.

The teacher asked all the children to pledge to save trees. The children replied affirmatively (a) …………………… as the (b) …………………… Then the teacher said that (c) ………………….. . Answer: (a) saying that they all pledged to save trees (b) trees are the lungs of the city. (c) they should start by planting a sapling that day.

Question 8. Buddha : Honesty is the best policy. Disciple : Does honesty always pay? Buddha : It may or may not, but at least you will never feel guilty.

Buddha in his preaching said that (a) …………………… the best policy. A disciple asked him if (b) …………………… always pays, Buddha replied (c) …………………… but at least he would never feel guilty. Answer: (a) Honesty is (b) honesty (c) that it might or might not

Question 9. Doctor : You should take this medicine every day. Patient : Should I take it before dinner or after dinner? Doctor : No, you should take it after breakfast.

The Doctor advised the patient that (a) …………………… The patient further asked (b) …………………… The doctor replied negatively and then said (c) ………………….. . Answer: (a) he should take that medicine every day. (b) if/whether he should take it before dinner or after dinner. (c) that he should take it after breakfast

Question 10. Reena : Do you know how to swim? Surbhi : Yes I know. I have learnt it during this summer vacation.

Reena asked Surbhi (a) …………………… Then Surbhi replied (b) …………………… and also added that (c) ………………….. . Answer: (a) if/whether she knew how to swim (b) in affirmative (c) she had learnt it during the summer vacation.

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湉整敲瑳漠⁮馀⁳慣楰慴㵬〲〬〰韃⼵〱㴰〱〰

湉整敲瑳漠⁮馀⁳慣楰慴㵬㜱㔬〰韃⼵〱㴰㜸‵湉整敲瑳漠⁮馀⁳慣楰慴㵬㐱㔬〰韃⼵〱㴰㈷‵乗㌠

畑獥楴湯㘠㨵

乗ㄠ䌠污畣慬楴湯漠⁦慃楰慴⁬瑡琠敨戠来湩楮杮

湉整敲瑳漠⁮潍慨馀⁳慣楰慴㵬㜲〬〰韃〱ㄯ〰㈽㜬〰

湉整敲瑳漠⁮楖慪馀⁳慣楰慴㵬ㄲ〬〰韃〱ㄯ〰㈽ㄬ〰

乗㐠䌠污畣慬楴湯漠⁦楆慮⁬牐景瑩匠慨敲漠⁦慐瑲敮獲

潃牲捥整⁤牰景楴漠⁦潍慨Ɱ楖慪ⱹ湁汩攠捡⁨ㄽⰸ〳쌰㆗㌯㘽ㄬ〰

獔䜠敲慷⁬潓畬楴湯㈠㈰ⴲ〲㌲

汃捩⁫敢潬⁷潦⁲潭敲儠敵瑳潩獮

畑獥楴湯丠⹯ㄠ吠쉯㖠儠敵瑳潩⁮潎‮‵潔ꃂ〱儠敵瑳潩⁮潎‮ㄱ吠⁯㔱儠敵瑳潩⁮潎‮㘱吠쉯㊠‰畑獥楴湯丠⹯㈠‱潔㈠‵畑獥楴湯丠⹯㈠‶潔ꃂ〳儠敵瑳潩⁮潎‮ㄳ吠쉯㎠‵畑獥楴湯丠⹯㌠‶潔ꃂ〴儠敵瑳潩⁮潎‮ㄴ吠쉯㒠‵畑獥楴湯丠⹯㐠‶潔㔠‰畑獥楴湯丠⹯㔠‱潔ꃂ㔵, , 畑獥楴湯丠⹯㘠‱潔ꃂ㔶儠敵瑳潩⁮潎‮㘶吠쉯㞠‰畑獥楴湯丠⹯㜠‱潔ꃂ㔷, 畑獥楴湯丠⹯㜠‶潔ꃂ〸儠敵瑳潩⁮潎‮ㄸ吠쉯㢠‵畑獥楴湯丠⹯㠠‶潔ꃂ㠸.

汃捩⁫湯戠汥睯氠湩獫映牯ꃂ

㈱桴吠⁓片睥污⌦㈸㜱猻䄠捣畯瑮湡祣匠汯瑵潩獮

獔䜠敲慷⁬潓畬楴湯㈠㈰ⴱ〲㈲

獔䜠敲慷⁬潓畬楴湯㈠㈰ⴰ〲ㄲ

牐癩捡⁹潐楬祣
敔浲⁳湡⁤潃摮瑩潩獮

CBSE Class 10 English Grammar – Direct And Indirect Speech

Sohan said to Mohan, “I am going to school.”

The exact words spoken by Sohan are put within inverted commas. But when we give the substance of what Sohan said, it is called the Indirect Speech.

Direct and Indirect Speech

Sohan told to Mohan that he (Sohan) was going to school.

2. Rules for Changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech:

In the Indirect speech, no inverted commas are used.
The conjunctions that, if, whether, are generally used after the reporting verb.
The first word of the reported speech begins with a capital letter.
The tense of the reporting verb is never changed.
The reporting verb changes according to sense: it may be told, asked, inquired

More Resources for CBSE Class 10

NCERT Solutions
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Hindi
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Sanskrit
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of IT
RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions

3. Rules for the Change of Pronouns:

The first person pronouns (I, me, my, we, us, our) in the reported speech change according to the subject of the reporting verb.
The pronouns of the second person (you, your, yourself) in the reported speech change according to the object of the reporting verb.
The pronouns of the third person do not change.

For example:

He said, “I like the book.” He said that he liked the book.
He said to me, “Do you like the book?” He asked me if I liked the book.
He said, “He likes the book.” He said that he liked the book.

4. Changes in words expressing nearness, time, auxiliaries, etc. 5. Change in Tenses:

If the reporting verb is in the present or the future tense, the tense of the reported speech is not changed: Satish says, “I am flying a kite.” Satish says that he is flying a kite. Satish will say, “I want a glass of milk.” Satish will say that he wants a glass of milk.
If the reporting verb is in the past tense, then the tense of the reported speech will change as follows:
If the direct speech expresses a historical fact, a universal truth or a habitual fact, then the tense of the direct speech will not change: Direct : He said, “Honesty is the best policy.” Indirect : He said that honesty is the best policy. Direct : He said, “The sun rises in the east.” Indirect : He said that the sun rises in the east. Direct : Rakesh said, “I am an early riser.” Indirect : Rakesh said that he is an early riser. Direct : She said, “God is omnipresent.” Indirect : She said that God is omnipresent. Direct : The teacher said, “The First World War started in 1914.” Indirect : The teacher said that the First World War started in 1914.

6. Changing Statements into Indirect Speech:

The reporting verb ‘said to’ is changed-to ‘told’, ‘replied’, ‘remarked’,
The reporting verb is not followed by an object, it is not changed.
The inverted commas are removed. The conjunction that is used to connect the reporting clause with the reported speech.
Direct : Ramu said, “I saw a lion in the forest.” Indirect: Ramu said that he had seen a lion in the forest.
Direct : Satish said to me, “I am very happy here.” Indirect: Satish told me that he was very happy there.
Direct : He said, “I can do this work.” Indirect: He said that he could do that work.
Direct : Renu said to me, “I was washing the clothes.” Indirect: Renu told me that she had been washing the clothes.
Direct : She said, “I am not well.” Indirect: She said that she was not well.
Direct : He said to Sita, “I have passed the test.” Indirect: He told Sita that he had passed the test.
Direct : I said to my friend, “He has been working very hard.” Indirect: I told my friend that he had been working very hard.
Direct : My friend said to me, “I shall go to Delhi tomorrow.” Indirect: My friend told me that he would go to Delhi the next day.
Direct : I said, “I agree to what he said.” Indirect: I said that I agreed to what he had said.
Direct : The student said to the teacher, “I am sorry that I am late.” Indirect: The student told the teacher that he was sorry that he was late.

7. Rules for the Change of Interrogative (Questions) sentences:

The reporting verb “say’ is changed into ask, inquire,
The interrogative sentence is changed into a statement by placing the subject before the verb and the full stop is put at the end of the sentence.
If the interrogative sentence has a wh-word (who, when, where, how, why, etc) the wh-word is repeated in the sentence. It serves as a conjunction.
If the interrogative sentence is a yes-no answer type sentence (with auxiliary verbs am, are, was, were, do, did, have, shall, etc), then ‘if or ‘whether’ is used as a conjunction.
The auxiliaries do, does, did in a positive question in the reported speech are dropped.
Direct : I said to him, “Where are you going?” Indirect: I asked him where he was going.
Direct : He said to me, “Will you go there?” Indirect: He asked me if I would go there.
Direct : My friend said to Deepak, “Have you ever been to Agra?” Indirect: My friend asked Deepak if he had ever been to Agra.
Direct : I said to him, “Did you enjoy the movie?” Indirect: I asked him if he had enjoyed the movie.
Direct : I said to her, “Do you know him?” Indirect: I asked her if she knew him.
Direct : He said to me, “Will you listen to me?” Indirect: He asked me if I would listen to him.
Direct : I said to him, “When will you go there?” Indirect: I asked him when he would go there.
Direct : He said to me, “How is your father?” Indirect: He asked me how my father was.
Direct : I said to him, “Are you happy?” Indirect: I asked him if he was happy.
Direct : He said to her, “Do you like apples?” Indirect: He asked her if she liked apples.

8. Changing Commands and Requests into Indirect Speech:

In imperative sentences having commands, the reporting verb is changed into command, order, tell, allow, request,etc.
The imperative mood is changed into the infinitive mood by putting ‘to’, before the verb. In case of negative sentences, the auxiliary ‘do’ is dropped and ‘to’ is placed after ‘not’:
Direct : She said to me, “Open the window.” Indirect: She ordered me to open the window.
Direct : The captain said to the soldiers, “Attack the enemy.” Indirect: The captain commanded the soldiers to attack the enemy.
Direct : I said to him, “Leave this place at once.” Indirect: I told him to leave that place at once.
Direct : The teacher said to the students, “Listen to me attentively.” Indirect: The teacher asked the students to listen to him attentively.
Direct : The Principal said to the peon, “Ring the bell.” Indirect: The Principal ordered the peon to ring the bell.
Direct : The master said to the servant, “Fetch me a glass of water.” Indirect: The master ordered the servant to fetch him a glass of water.
Direct : I said to him, “Please bring me a glass of water.” Indirect: I requested him to bring me a glass of water.
Direct : I said to my friend, “Please lend me your book.” Indirect: I requested my friend to lend me his book.

9. Sentences with ‘Let’.

‘Let’ is used in various meanings.

(i) ‘Let’ is used to make a proposal.

First change the reporting verb into ‘proposed’ or ‘suggested’.
Use ‘should’ instead of ‘let’. Example: Direct : He said to me, “Let us go home.” Indirect: He suggested to me that we should go home.

(ii) ‘Let’ is used as ‘to allow’.

In Indirect Speech, we change the reporting verb to ‘requested’ or ‘ordered’.
We start Reported Speech with ‘to’. Direct : Ram said to Mohan, “Let him do it.” Indirect: Ram ordered Mohan to let him do that. Or Ram told Mohan that he might be allowed to do that.

10. Sentences with Question Tags (i) In the indirect speech the question-tag is usually left. (ii) In indirect speech these words are removed and the word ‘respectfully’ is used in the reporting clause. Direct : Mahesh said, “Sir, may I go home?” Indirect: Mahesh respectfully asked his sir if he might go home.

Note : ‘Yes’ of ‘No’ hides a complete sentence. Therefore, change yes/no into a short answer.

13. Sentences with ‘Sir’, ‘Madam’ or ‘Your Honour’ etc.

Generally such words are used to show respect to the person concerned.

Direct : Rohan said, “Hurrah! We won the match.” Indirect: Rohan exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
Direct : Reema said, “Alas! Karina’s mother is suffering from cancer.” Indirect: Reema exclaimed with sorrow that Karina’s mother was suffering from cancer.
Direct : The captain said to Kapil, “Bravo! You scored 89 runs.” Indirect: The captain exclaimed with praise that he (Kapil) had scored 89 runs.

(a) Look at these sentences.

Direct : My mother said, “May God bless you!” Indirect: My mother prayed to God for my well being.
Direct : She said, “May God save the country!” Indirect: She prayed to God to save the country.
Direct : They said to the king, “Long live!” Indirect: They blessed the king for his long life.

(b) Look at these sentences.

Direct : Mohan said, “What a pity!” Indirect: Mohan exclaimed that it was a great pity.
Direct : I said, “How stupid he is!” Indirect: I exclaimed that it was a very stupid of him.
Direct : “What a terrible sight it is!” said the traveller. Indirect: The traveller exclaimed that it was a very terrible sight. All the sentences in inverted commas are exclamatory sentences.

(i) Use ‘exclaimed’ in place of ‘said’ in the reporting verb in the indirect speech. (ii) In Indirect sentences, we use exclamatory sentences as statements. (iii) Indirect speech begins with that and full stop (•) is used instead of the exclamation mark (!). Exercise (Solved) Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech: (i) He said, “I will do it now.” Answer: He said that he would do it then.