health and development extended essay

World Studies Extended Essay: Global Themes

• Introduction
• Getting Started
• Global Themes
• Interdisciplinary Research
• What Makes Up a "Discipline"?
• Evaluating the Insights of Academic Disciplines
• Multiple Forms of Integration
• Evaluating Your Essay
• Common Stumbling Blocks
• Examples of Globally Conscious Students

World Studies Global Themes

Conflict, peace, and security Culture, language, and identity Environmental and/or economic sustainability Equality and inequality Health and development Science, technology and society

Conflict, peace, and security

Culture, language, and identity, environmental and/or economic sustainability, equality and inequality, health and development, science, technology and society, wsee documents.

WSEE Subject Guide and worksheets

• IB EE Subject Guide - World Studies, 2018
• Making Meaningful Connections Use this worksheet to help you think about your research plans: the concepts or methods your will be using, the global topic you're focusing on, and the academic disciplines you will be using.

RRS (Researcher's Reflection Space)

• Sample Prompts for the WSEE RRS What should you write in your RRS? Use these questions and prompts to help you think through the various stages of the research for your WSEE: your initial ideas, your thoughts and reflections during the process, and your conclusions.
• RRS Example B - World Studies

RPPF (Researcher's Planning and Progress Form) examples:

• RPPF Example 5 - World Studies
• RPPF Example 7 - World Studies

IB Extended Essay Guide & Timeline

Check the Extended Essay guide for specific guidance on completing the various steps in the research and writing process of the EE, and  these documents:

Quick Links

NoodleTools Links

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Extended Essay: World Studies EE's

• General Timeline
• Group 1: English Language and Literature
• Group 2: Language Acquisition
• Group 3: Individuals and Societies
• Group 4: Sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts
• Interdisciplinary essays
• Brainstorming
• Pre-Writing
• Research Techniques
• The Research Question
• Paraphrasing, Summarising and Quotations
• Writing an EE Introduction
• Writing the main body of your EE
• Writing your EE Conclusion
• Six sub-categories for WSEE
• IB Interdisciplinary EE Assessment Guide
• Sources: Finding, Organising and Evaluating Them
• Conducting Interviews and Surveys
• Citing and Referencing
• Check-in Sessions
• First Formal Reflection
• Second Formal Reflection
• Final Reflection (Viva Voce)
• Researcher's Reflection Space (RRS) Examples
• Information for Supervisors
• How is the EE Graded?
• EE Online Resources
• Stavanger Public Library
• Exemplar Essays
• Extended Essay Presentations
• ISS High School Academic Honesty Policy

Everything you need to know about the WSEE

The chosen topic for the World Studies Extended Essay (WSEE) must address both a local and a global issue of significance, and invite an interdisciplinary approach, meaning that two approved IB subjects should be used as an interdisciplinary critical lens to answer the research question. The most successful topics reveal connections between specific and/or local places, people, phenomena or experiences, and the larger global framework in which they take place (IBO 2010). 

Interdisciplinary research

• Global issues often invite an interdisciplinary approach.
• Different individuals and groups bring different perspectives, areas of expertise, and interests to the same topic. 
• Spending time thinking about an issue and exploring a wide variety of sources will provide a deeper and richer research experience. 
• In a WSEE, crafting a research question does not begin with the subject, but with the issue. 

World Studies Extended Essays MUST fall within one of the following six categories:

• Science, technology and society
• Culture, language and identity
• Conflict, peace and security
• Equality and inequality
• Health and development
• Environmental and/or economic sustainability

Click here to learn more about the WSEE sub-categories. 

From the ib:, introduction to the world studies extended essay (wsee).

The WSEE invites students to conduct an in-depth,  interdisciplinary  investigation into an issue of contemporary global importance (maximum 4,000 words). 

Here are some examples of potential topics include:

Interdisciplinary approach

The perspective of just one subject may not be adequate to address complex issues like those in the list above. The WSEE therefore requires students to bring together aspects of different disciplines to illuminate their chosen topic. 

Students should use two Diploma Programme subjects. It is strongly recommended that students are undertaking a course of study in at least one of the subjects chosen for their essay.

Students are not expected to address the topic in its full complexity, but should aim to generate understandings that are new to them. 

The aims of the WSEE are to enable students to:

• frame and understand complex contemporary world problems for in-depth study
• gather and synthesize insights from two different disciplines to better understand the issue 
• develop global consciousness—a disposition to recognize and understand local and global relationships in dynamic interaction 
• view themselves as interpreters of and actors in an increasingly interconnected world.

Students are encouraged to focus on just  one or two contexts  in some depth, for example: 

• The student examines two geographical case studies to explore whether religious beliefs affect attitudes towards HIV/AIDS in Oslo and Mombasa. 
• The student examines one or two events to evaluate relief efforts after natural disasters, and suggests ways to make these more responsive. 
• The student examines one or two interventions to investigate what determines the success or failure of sanctions imposed by the United Nations. 

Students can refer to other places and events beyond the primary context(s) when relevant to the argument. In fact, the IB encourages this as it displays global consciousness. However, a detailed contextualized study of these additional cases is impossible within the 4,000-word limit.

WSEE Examiners follow special guidelines that are specific to interdisciplinary essays.  Click  here  to view a pdf of the published IB page that outlines these specific guidelines.  

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IB World Study Extended Essay: Global Themes And Topics

by  Antony W

January 14, 2023

This is a complete guide to the IB World Extended Essay.

In this post, you’ll learn what World Study Extended Essay is, the right disciplinary approach to take, example topics, as well as how to write the essay. Our goal in this guide is to equip you with the knowledge necessary to get full marks in your World Study Extended Essay.

What is IB World Study Extended Essay?

The IB World History Extended Essay requires you to conduct a detailed investigation into an issue of global significance. The essay must be 4,000 words long and meet all the IB Extended Essay requirements .

World Study Extended Essay requires you to focus on one or two contexts, and you have to examine with great depth.

Since the interdisciplinary investigation addresses complex issues such as migration, global health crisis, global financial crisis, and infringement on human rights, you need to bring together aspects of a number of disciplines to address your topic.

Instructions given by the IB Program requires that you use two subjects in your WSEE investigation. Given the flexibility of the subject, you don’t have to address the topic in full complexity . Instead, aim to demonstrate knowledge that’s new to you.

A comprehensive World Study Extended Essay should be:

• Integrative: It should bring together forms of communication, concepts, and methods from two or more subjects.
• Purposeful: Your World Study Essay should either connect different disciplines to solve real world problems or help to address more complex issues in a new way.
• Grounded: The Extended Essay should demonstrate a clear rooting in disciplinary knowledge and understanding.

The Right Approach to World Study Extended Essay

Pick a theme from the six global themes in World Study Extended Essay and then find a topic that fits a general research area.

Select two of the most suitable disciplines, such as Biology and Economics. You will need these to explore your research topic.

Develop possible research questions and identify possible sources of relevant data. Your goal here is to determine if there are enough sources that allow you to explore the research your research question.

IB Extended Essay Example Topics

The following are some examples of potential topics that you can cover in your World Study Extended Essay:

• Worldwide financial crisis
• Global health concerns
• Disaster rehabilitation and relief
• Energy migration
• Infringement on human right
• Disadvantaged groups
• Civil unrest and protest

Global Themes in Word Study Extended Essay

There are six global themes in World Study Extended Essay.

• Conflict, peace, and security
• Culture, language, and identity
• Environmental and/or economic sustainability
• Equality and inequality
• Health and development
• Science, technology and society

How to Write a World Study Extended Essay

Before you start writing a World Study Extended Essay, make sure the topic you intend to investigate and the arguments you’ll present are of global significance. Issues such as energy security, cultural exchange, racism, malnutrition, and globalization are some of the most interesting topics linked to the six global themes in WSEE.

Step 1:  Choose a Topic and Develop Your Research Question  

The topic you choose to explore should be an issue you are passionate about in the context of World Study Extended Essay.

It can also be about an interesting subject you’ve read lately or a topic you’re willing to investigate extensively.

Research the topic. Look through a variety of sources to find as many ideas and scope for your research as possible. Share your ideas with your EE supervisor, and don’t hesitate to ask them for advice.

Using the topic you’ve selected, develop a relevant research question for your investigation. Don’t worry if you don’t get the best research question right away. Look at your topic, write as many draft research questions as possible, and then pick one that makes the most sense.

Regardless of how many times you tweak your research question, it must reflect the contexts of what you’ll be investigating. So it helps to make sure your RQ is not only specific but also straight to the point.

Step 2: Choose 2 IB Subjects

Depending on the topic you choose to explore in your interdisciplinary investigation, your supervisor expects you to choose two IB subjects with a close correlation.

Say you choose to explore an issue on maternal malnutrition . In such a case, Biology and Economics would be the most suitable subjects to choose. Biology is a good fit because it’s a subject that allows you to explore nutrition and its impact on the development of the fetus. Economics, on the other hand, allows you to examine whether the lack of enough funding contributes to maternal malnutrition.

Look at the topic and the research question you selected in the first step and use them to select the most appropriate IB subjects. The subject you choose must be in the IB curriculum. Again, you can pick a topic from SL (Standard Level) or HL (Higher Level) in IB.

If you feel confused about what subjects would be suitable for your topic, don’t hesitate to consult your supervisor.

Step 3: Research the Topic

This is an important step in your World Study Extended Essay investigation. Because you’ll use the internet for your research, get information from reliable and trustworthy sources such as government websites, university repositories, research articles, and academic journals.

Look for relevant books from the local libraries for additional information. Many of these books have references in the bibliographies of many college and university papers, so they can be useful for your Extended Essay.

If your school allows, you can ask your supervisor to look into the sources you have selected and advice you whether they would be suitable for your interdisciplinary investigation.

Step 4: Write Your World Study Extended Essay

Writing your World Study Extended Essay shouldn’t be hard if you have done your research well.

Just like other types of Extended Essays , your WSEE should have an introduction, a body section, and a conclusion.

In the introduction, explain you chose to investigate the topic and state why you have a strong conviction that it’s the best topic to explore. State your research question, mention the scope of the essay in relation to the two subjects (picked in step 2), and explain how the subjects will help you answer the research question.

Follow this with an abstract. The word limit is 300, so you don’t have the space to include irrelevant information in the document. The information you include should be clear, concise, and direct to the point.

Write the body section of the essay well. Here, provide as much relevant information as possible to answer your research question. Write a strong conclusion, which should tie everything you have written in the body section.

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, the complete ib extended essay guide: examples, topics, and ideas.

International Baccalaureate (IB)

IB students around the globe fear writing the Extended Essay, but it doesn't have to be a source of stress! In this article, I'll get you excited about writing your Extended Essay and provide you with the resources you need to get an A on it.

If you're reading this article, I'm going to assume you're an IB student getting ready to write your Extended Essay. If you're looking at this as a potential future IB student, I recommend reading our introductory IB articles first, including our guide to what the IB program is and our full coverage of the IB curriculum .

IB Extended Essay: Why Should You Trust My Advice?

I myself am a recipient of an IB Diploma, and I happened to receive an A on my IB Extended Essay. Don't believe me? The proof is in the IBO pudding:

If you're confused by what this report means, EE is short for Extended Essay , and English A1 is the subject that my Extended Essay topic coordinated with. In layman's terms, my IB Diploma was graded in May 2010, I wrote my Extended Essay in the English A1 category, and I received an A grade on it.

What Is the Extended Essay in the IB Diploma Programme?

The IB Extended Essay, or EE , is a mini-thesis you write under the supervision of an IB advisor (an IB teacher at your school), which counts toward your IB Diploma (learn more about the major IB Diploma requirements in our guide) . I will explain exactly how the EE affects your Diploma later in this article.

For the Extended Essay, you will choose a research question as a topic, conduct the research independently, then write an essay on your findings . The essay itself is a long one—although there's a cap of 4,000 words, most successful essays get very close to this limit.

Keep in mind that the IB requires this essay to be a "formal piece of academic writing," meaning you'll have to do outside research and cite additional sources.

The IB Extended Essay must include the following:

• A title page
• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography

Additionally, your research topic must fall into one of the six approved DP categories , or IB subject groups, which are as follows:

• Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature
• Group 2: Language Acquisition
• Group 3: Individuals and Societies
• Group 4: Sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts

Once you figure out your category and have identified a potential research topic, it's time to pick your advisor, who is normally an IB teacher at your school (though you can also find one online ). This person will help direct your research, and they'll conduct the reflection sessions you'll have to do as part of your Extended Essay.

As of 2018, the IB requires a "reflection process" as part of your EE supervision process. To fulfill this requirement, you have to meet at least three times with your supervisor in what the IB calls "reflection sessions." These meetings are not only mandatory but are also part of the formal assessment of the EE and your research methods.

According to the IB, the purpose of these meetings is to "provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their engagement with the research process." Basically, these meetings give your supervisor the opportunity to offer feedback, push you to think differently, and encourage you to evaluate your research process.

The final reflection session is called the viva voce, and it's a short 10- to 15-minute interview between you and your advisor. This happens at the very end of the EE process, and it's designed to help your advisor write their report, which factors into your EE grade.

Here are the topics covered in your viva voce :

• A check on plagiarism and malpractice
• Your reflection on your project's successes and difficulties
• Your reflection on what you've learned during the EE process

Your completed Extended Essay, along with your supervisor's report, will then be sent to the IB to be graded. We'll cover the assessment criteria in just a moment.

We'll help you learn how to have those "lightbulb" moments...even on test day!  

What Should You Write About in Your IB Extended Essay?

You can technically write about anything, so long as it falls within one of the approved categories listed above.

It's best to choose a topic that matches one of the IB courses , (such as Theatre, Film, Spanish, French, Math, Biology, etc.), which shouldn't be difficult because there are so many class subjects.

Here is a range of sample topics with the attached extended essay:

• Biology: The Effect of Age and Gender on the Photoreceptor Cells in the Human Retina
• Chemistry: How Does Reflux Time Affect the Yield and Purity of Ethyl Aminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and How Effective is Recrystallisation as a Purification Technique for This Compound?
• English: An Exploration of Jane Austen's Use of the Outdoors in Emma
• Geography: The Effect of Location on the Educational Attainment of Indigenous Secondary Students in Queensland, Australia
• Math: Alhazen's Billiard Problem
• Visual Arts: Can Luc Tuymans Be Classified as a Political Painter?

You can see from how varied the topics are that you have a lot of freedom when it comes to picking a topic . So how do you pick when the options are limitless?

How to Write a Stellar IB Extended Essay: 6 Essential Tips

Below are six key tips to keep in mind as you work on your Extended Essay for the IB DP. Follow these and you're sure to get an A!

#1: Write About Something You Enjoy

You can't expect to write a compelling essay if you're not a fan of the topic on which you're writing. For example, I just love British theatre and ended up writing my Extended Essay on a revolution in post-WWII British theatre. (Yes, I'm definitely a #TheatreNerd.)

I really encourage anyone who pursues an IB Diploma to take the Extended Essay seriously. I was fortunate enough to receive a full-tuition merit scholarship to USC's School of Dramatic Arts program. In my interview for the scholarship, I spoke passionately about my Extended Essay; thus, I genuinely think my Extended Essay helped me get my scholarship.

But how do you find a topic you're passionate about? Start by thinking about which classes you enjoy the most and why . Do you like math classes because you like to solve problems? Or do you enjoy English because you like to analyze literary texts?

Keep in mind that there's no right or wrong answer when it comes to choosing your Extended Essay topic. You're not more likely to get high marks because you're writing about science, just like you're not doomed to failure because you've chosen to tackle the social sciences. The quality of what you produce—not the field you choose to research within—will determine your grade.

Once you've figured out your category, you should brainstorm more specific topics by putting pen to paper . What was your favorite chapter you learned in that class? Was it astrophysics or mechanics? What did you like about that specific chapter? Is there something you want to learn more about? I recommend spending a few hours on this type of brainstorming.

One last note: if you're truly stumped on what to research, pick a topic that will help you in your future major or career . That way you can use your Extended Essay as a talking point in your college essays (and it will prepare you for your studies to come too!).

#2: Select a Topic That Is Neither Too Broad nor Too Narrow

There's a fine line between broad and narrow. You need to write about something specific, but not so specific that you can't write 4,000 words on it.

You can't write about WWII because that would be a book's worth of material. You also don't want to write about what type of soup prisoners of war received behind enemy lines, because you probably won’t be able to come up with 4,000 words of material about it. However, you could possibly write about how the conditions in German POW camps—and the rations provided—were directly affected by the Nazis' successes and failures on the front, including the use of captured factories and prison labor in Eastern Europe to increase production. WWII military history might be a little overdone, but you get my point.

If you're really stuck trying to pinpoint a not-too-broad-or-too-narrow topic, I suggest trying to brainstorm a topic that uses a comparison. Once you begin looking through the list of sample essays below, you'll notice that many use comparisons to formulate their main arguments.

I also used a comparison in my EE, contrasting Harold Pinter's Party Time with John Osborne's Look Back in Anger in order to show a transition in British theatre. Topics with comparisons of two to three plays, books, and so on tend to be the sweet spot. You can analyze each item and then compare them with one another after doing some in-depth analysis of each individually. The ways these items compare and contrast will end up forming the thesis of your essay!

When choosing a comparative topic, the key is that the comparison should be significant. I compared two plays to illustrate the transition in British theatre, but you could compare the ways different regional dialects affect people's job prospects or how different temperatures may or may not affect the mating patterns of lightning bugs. The point here is that comparisons not only help you limit your topic, but they also help you build your argument.

Comparisons are not the only way to get a grade-A EE, though. If after brainstorming, you pick a non-comparison-based topic and are still unsure whether your topic is too broad or narrow, spend about 30 minutes doing some basic research and see how much material is out there.

If there are more than 1,000 books, articles, or documentaries out there on that exact topic, it may be too broad. But if there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it may be too narrow. If you're still unsure, ask your advisor—it's what they're there for! Speaking of advisors...

Don't get stuck with a narrow topic!

#3: Choose an Advisor Who Is Familiar With Your Topic

If you're not certain of who you would like to be your advisor, create a list of your top three choices. Next, write down the pros and cons of each possibility (I know this sounds tedious, but it really helps!).

For example, Mr. Green is my favorite teacher and we get along really well, but he teaches English. For my EE, I want to conduct an experiment that compares the efficiency of American electric cars with foreign electric cars.

I had Ms. White a year ago. She teaches physics and enjoyed having me in her class. Unlike Mr. Green, Ms. White could help me design my experiment.

Based on my topic and what I need from my advisor, Ms. White would be a better fit for me than would Mr. Green (even though I like him a lot).

The moral of my story is this: do not just ask your favorite teacher to be your advisor . They might be a hindrance to you if they teach another subject. For example, I would not recommend asking your biology teacher to guide you in writing an English literature-based EE.

There can, of course, be exceptions to this rule. If you have a teacher who's passionate and knowledgeable about your topic (as my English teacher was about my theatre topic), you could ask that instructor. Consider all your options before you do this. There was no theatre teacher at my high school, so I couldn't find a theatre-specific advisor, but I chose the next best thing.

Before you approach a teacher to serve as your advisor, check with your high school to see what requirements they have for this process. Some IB high schools require your IB Extended Essay advisor to sign an Agreement Form , for instance.

Make sure that you ask your IB coordinator whether there is any required paperwork to fill out. If your school needs a specific form signed, bring it with you when you ask your teacher to be your EE advisor.

#4: Pick an Advisor Who Will Push You to Be Your Best

Some teachers might just take on students because they have to and aren't very passionate about reading drafts, only giving you minimal feedback. Choose a teacher who will take the time to read several drafts of your essay and give you extensive notes. I would not have gotten my A without being pushed to make my Extended Essay draft better.

Ask a teacher that you have experience with through class or an extracurricular activity. Do not ask a teacher that you have absolutely no connection to. If a teacher already knows you, that means they already know your strengths and weaknesses, so they know what to look for, where you need to improve, and how to encourage your best work.

Also, don't forget that your supervisor's assessment is part of your overall EE score . If you're meeting with someone who pushes you to do better—and you actually take their advice—they'll have more impressive things to say about you than a supervisor who doesn't know you well and isn't heavily involved in your research process.

Be aware that the IB only allows advisors to make suggestions and give constructive criticism. Your teacher cannot actually help you write your EE. The IB recommends that the supervisor spends approximately two to three hours in total with the candidate discussing the EE.

#5: Make Sure Your Essay Has a Clear Structure and Flow

The IB likes structure. Your EE needs a clear introduction (which should be one to two double-spaced pages), research question/focus (i.e., what you're investigating), a body, and a conclusion (about one double-spaced page). An essay with unclear organization will be graded poorly.

The body of your EE should make up the bulk of the essay. It should be about eight to 18 pages long (again, depending on your topic). Your body can be split into multiple parts. For example, if you were doing a comparison, you might have one third of your body as Novel A Analysis, another third as Novel B Analysis, and the final third as your comparison of Novels A and B.

If you're conducting an experiment or analyzing data, such as in this EE , your EE body should have a clear structure that aligns with the scientific method ; you should state the research question, discuss your method, present the data, analyze the data, explain any uncertainties, and draw a conclusion and/or evaluate the success of the experiment.

#6: Start Writing Sooner Rather Than Later!

You will not be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in just a week and get an A on it. You'll be reading many, many articles (and, depending on your topic, possibly books and plays as well!). As such, it's imperative that you start your research as soon as possible.

Each school has a slightly different deadline for the Extended Essay. Some schools want them as soon as November of your senior year; others will take them as late as February. Your school will tell you what your deadline is. If they haven't mentioned it by February of your junior year, ask your IB coordinator about it.

Some high schools will provide you with a timeline of when you need to come up with a topic, when you need to meet with your advisor, and when certain drafts are due. Not all schools do this. Ask your IB coordinator if you are unsure whether you are on a specific timeline.

Below is my recommended EE timeline. While it's earlier than most schools, it'll save you a ton of heartache (trust me, I remember how hard this process was!):

• January/February of Junior Year: Come up with your final research topic (or at least your top three options).
• February of Junior Year: Approach a teacher about being your EE advisor. If they decline, keep asking others until you find one. See my notes above on how to pick an EE advisor.
• April/May of Junior Year: Submit an outline of your EE and a bibliography of potential research sources (I recommend at least seven to 10) to your EE advisor. Meet with your EE advisor to discuss your outline.
• Summer Between Junior and Senior Year: Complete your first full draft over the summer between your junior and senior year. I know, I know—no one wants to work during the summer, but trust me—this will save you so much stress come fall when you are busy with college applications and other internal assessments for your IB classes. You will want to have this first full draft done because you will want to complete a couple of draft cycles as you likely won't be able to get everything you want to say into 4,000 articulate words on the first attempt. Try to get this first draft into the best possible shape so you don't have to work on too many revisions during the school year on top of your homework, college applications, and extracurriculars.
• August/September of Senior Year: Turn in your first draft of your EE to your advisor and receive feedback. Work on incorporating their feedback into your essay. If they have a lot of suggestions for improvement, ask if they will read one more draft before the final draft.
• September/October of Senior Year: Submit the second draft of your EE to your advisor (if necessary) and look at their feedback. Work on creating the best possible final draft.
• November-February of Senior Year: Schedule your viva voce. Submit two copies of your final draft to your school to be sent off to the IB. You likely will not get your grade until after you graduate.

Remember that in the middle of these milestones, you'll need to schedule two other reflection sessions with your advisor . (Your teachers will actually take notes on these sessions on a form like this one , which then gets submitted to the IB.)

I recommend doing them when you get feedback on your drafts, but these meetings will ultimately be up to your supervisor. Just don't forget to do them!

The early bird DOES get the worm!

How Is the IB Extended Essay Graded?

Extended Essays are graded by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34 . You'll be graded on five criteria, each with its own set of points. You can learn more about how EE scoring works by reading the IB guide to extended essays .

• Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
• Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
• Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
• Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

How well you do on each of these criteria will determine the final letter grade you get for your EE. You must earn at least a D to be eligible to receive your IB Diploma.

Although each criterion has a point value, the IB explicitly states that graders are not converting point totals into grades; instead, they're using qualitative grade descriptors to determine the final grade of your Extended Essay . Grade descriptors are on pages 102-103 of this document .

Here's a rough estimate of how these different point values translate to letter grades based on previous scoring methods for the EE. This is just an estimate —you should read and understand the grade descriptors so you know exactly what the scorers are looking for.

Here is the breakdown of EE scores (from the May 2021 bulletin):

How Does the Extended Essay Grade Affect Your IB Diploma?

The Extended Essay grade is combined with your TOK (Theory of Knowledge) grade to determine how many points you get toward your IB Diploma.

To learn about Theory of Knowledge or how many points you need to receive an IB Diploma, read our complete guide to the IB program and our guide to the IB Diploma requirements .

This diagram shows how the two scores are combined to determine how many points you receive for your IB diploma (3 being the most, 0 being the least). In order to get your IB Diploma, you have to earn 24 points across both categories (the TOK and EE). The highest score anyone can earn is 45 points.

Let's say you get an A on your EE and a B on TOK. You will get 3 points toward your Diploma. As of 2014, a student who scores an E on either the extended essay or TOK essay will not be eligible to receive an IB Diploma .

Prior to the class of 2010, a Diploma candidate could receive a failing grade in either the Extended Essay or Theory of Knowledge and still be awarded a Diploma, but this is no longer true.

Figuring out how you're assessed can be a little tricky. Luckily, the IB breaks everything down here in this document . (The assessment information begins on page 219.)

40+ Sample Extended Essays for the IB Diploma Programme

In case you want a little more guidance on how to get an A on your EE, here are over 40 excellent (grade A) sample extended essays for your reading pleasure. Essays are grouped by IB subject.

• Business Management 1
• Chemistry 1
• Chemistry 2
• Chemistry 3
• Chemistry 4
• Chemistry 5
• Chemistry 6
• Chemistry 7
• Computer Science 1
• Economics 1
• Design Technology 1
• Design Technology 2
• Environmental Systems and Societies 1
• Geography 1
• Geography 2
• Geography 3
• Geography 4
• Geography 5
• Geography 6
• Literature and Performance 1
• Mathematics 1
• Mathematics 2
• Mathematics 3
• Mathematics 4
• Mathematics 5
• Philosophy 1
• Philosophy 2
• Philosophy 3
• Philosophy 4
• Philosophy 5
• Psychology 1
• Psychology 2
• Psychology 3
• Psychology 4
• Psychology 5
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 1
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 2
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 3
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 1
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 2
• Visual Arts 1
• Visual Arts 2
• Visual Arts 3
• Visual Arts 4
• Visual Arts 5
• World Religion 1
• World Religion 2
• World Religion 3

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Extended essay

The extended essay is an independent, self-directed piece of research, finishing with a 4,000-word paper.

One component of the International Baccalaureate® (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) core, the extended essay is mandatory for all students.

Read about the extended essay  in greater detail.

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HS IB Extended Essay Guide: World Studies Extended Essay

• Getting Started
• Research Questions
• References & Citations
• Reflection (RPPF)
• World Studies Extended Essay
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What is the World Studies EE?

An EE in world studies gives students the opportunity to undertake an interdisciplinary study of an issue of contemporary global significance.

Students are required to

• identify an issue of global importance
• identify a local manifestation of the issue of global importance
• register the paper in one of six areas of study
• develop a clear rationale for taking an interdisciplinary approach and use the conceptual framework and vocabulary of two Diploma Programme subjects.

Source: IBO.org

Additional Resources

• Other EE options: World studies Blog post about the world studies option for the EE. Written for students!
• IBO.org: World Studies Subject Specific Guidance
• Quick Guide to the World Studies EE

Youtube: World Studies EE

Interdisciplinary Approach

• The perspective of just one subject may not be adequate to address complex issues like these. The WSEE therefore requires students to bring together aspects of different disciplines to illuminate their chosen topic.
• Students should use two Diploma Programme subjects. It is strongly recommended that students are undertaking a course of study in at least one of the subjects chosen for their essay.
• Students are not expected to address the topic in its full complexity, but should aim to generate understandings that are new to them.

Sample Questions

Sample WS EE Papers

• WS EE Example: conflict, peace & security
• WS EE Example: equality and inequality

World Studies Themes

World studies EEs are registered in one of six areas of study: these are not the same as the Diploma Programme subjects. They are:

• Conflict, peace and security
• Culture, language and identity
• Environmental and/or economic sustainability
• Equality and inequality
• Health and development
• Science, technology and society
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Confused about: Health and Development - World Studies

By Yasmin392j August 7, 2018 in Extended Essay

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Hi, I have been researching about the EE subjects and I am particularly interested in the health and development category under world studies as I plan to go into health related careers. However, I am a little confused as to what the criteria regarding this subject is. 

My initial idea was to write about Chinese traditional medicine or more specifically, acupuncture. However, after reading some websites regarding what a world studies essay entails, I am a little confused. I understand that for world studies, I need to focus in on a global issue? and that I need to consider multiple disciplines?  So does traditional medicine not work as a topic? or is there a way for me to manipulate it so that it does work? 

I'm sorry I ranted. Thanks in advance for any help!!

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I didn't take World Studies but I think that I can lend a helping hand.

If global issues in World Studies means the same as in English B, traditional medicine is not strictly considered a global issue. (See the photo attached). However, I think that your knowldge on traditional Chinese medicine should allow you to relate it to an specific global issue. 

As regards disciplines, I understand that, as in TOK happens, you have to explore your topic from a range of different perspectives (here called disciplines). E.g. medicine and philosophy? 

Well I would recommend you to learn about what does World Studies exactly mean by global issues, as well as disciplines (because it can vary between subjects.)

Thank you! 

If someone could give me a general idea of what a health and development topic under world studies looks like, that would be greattttlyyyy appreciated!

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Interdisciplinary essays.

There are three kinds of interdisciplinary essays that you can write and submit: World studies, Literature and Performance and Environmental Systems and Societies. Click on the links below to reveal more information, model research questions and tips for each kind of interdisciplinary essay. 

Literature and Performance

Essays on literature and performance should offer a critical analysis of an adaption or performance of a written text. 'Written texts' may include novels, poems, stories, essays, articles or play scripts (to name a few). 'Performances' may include film, theatrical performances, televised series, or even computer games. It is recommended that literature and performance essays explore the contexts in which written works are conceived and performances are received. It is also recommended that you explore the author's purpose in commenting on a particular topic or theme. 

Model research questions for Literature and Performance:

• To what extent does John Boorman's feature film, In My Country , explore Antje Krog's depiction of reconciliation in post-Apartheid South Africa from her memoir, Country of My Skull ?
• To what degree has Jonathan Saffron Foer's use of diction in Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close successfully been adapted for film by Stephen Daldry, so as to express the thoughts and feeling of the main character, Oskar?
• Are you a Language and Literature student or Literature student? It's OK for you to write a Literature and Performance essay, even if you are not taking this course.
• Every good Literature and Performance essay seems to ask: 'How is the author's intention in Text X realised through Performance Y using Technique Z?'

Environmental Systems and Societies (ESS)

Essays on ESS explore the effect of human societies on the natural world. For this type of essay, it is not enough to describe environmental problems and phenomena. Rather, you are expected to critically analyse and evaluate the relationship between nature and humans by exploring case studies or conducting experiments.

Model research questions for ESS:

• To what degree has the reintroduction of wolves in Colorado been successful for both its economy and ecosystems?
• To what extent could a golf course be built on the island of Crete to benefit its fauna and flora?
• To what degree does the silvopastoral system in Southern Colombia, as implemented by Nestlé, promote sustainable development?
• Notice that each sample question focuses on a place or region. 
• Most ESS essays explore the notion of sustainability.
• Many ESS essays explore biology and geography as disciplines for acquiring knowledge.
• Good ESS questions are evaluative and not descriptive.

World Studies Extended Essay (WSEE)

A world studies extended essays (WSEE) is based on two or more IBDP subjects and explores a local manifestation of a global issue. Like all essays, WSEEs are expected to be analytical and critical rather than descriptive and reductive. A WSEE must be registered under one of the following areas of study:

• conflict, peace and security
• culture, language and identity
• environmental and/or economic sustainability
• equality and inequality
• health and development
• science, technology and society. 

While the WSEE is often used as as way to circumnavigate the 5-year rule for economics and the 10-year rule for History, be careful when applying concepts from history to events that are younger than 10 years old or exploring Economics and phenomena that are older than 5 years old. If you are not taking Global Politics as a subject, be careful when using it as a WSEE subject.

Sample research questions: 

• IBDP Subjects: Economics, Global Politics
• WSEE subject area: conflict, pease and security
• IBDP Subjects: History, Global Politics
• IBDP Subjects: ESS, Biology
• WSEE: environmental and/or economic sustainability
• To what degree is The Quiet American an accurate representation of America's involvement in Indochina?  
• IBDP Subjects: Literature, History
• WSEE: Culture, language and identity
• Notice that good WSEE research questions have a 'local' and 'global' element.
• Notice that question 3 could be submitted as an ESS essay as well. 
• Group 3 subjects are popular as WSEEs subjects. Many involve Global Politics, a subject that few students actually take.

One of the IB's Approaches to Teaching is 'informed by assessment'. Before writing an interdisciplinary essay, it is recommended that you study several model essays. These can be found on the Programme Resource Centre (PRC) for the EE.

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Health and development

Jennifer prah ruger.

Department of Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA ( ude.ltsuw.mi@regurj )

In one of her last public speeches as Director-General of the WHO on May 19, 2003, Gro Harlem Brundtland reiterated her constant message that “health is central to development”. Since her nomination as Director-General, Brundtland has advocated increased health sector investment in developing countries by demonstrating a strong link between health and economic development. A 2001 report by the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health set specific goals for health investments as a means to promote economic development. Having spent a decade as Norway's prime minister, Brundtland knew that the audience for this key message would ultimately be prime ministers, donors, and finance ministers who can mobilise or reallocate resources for health.

Viewing good health as a means to further economic development is a useful strategy for elevating the status of health-related investment. However, this view also has limitations, particularly in acknowledging the intrinsic value of health and understanding development more broadly. An alternative view of health and economic development sees health as both intrinsically and instrumentally valuable but takes health as an end in itself. This viewpoint sees the opportunity for health and health care as “constituent components of development”, 1 obviating the need to justify their importance in terms of their indirect contribution to the growth of gross national product or personal income. It also recognises the interrelatedness among health and other valuable social ends (eg, education) and at the same time emphasises health's importance for individual agency—ie, people's ability to live a life they value.

Good health enables individuals to be active agents of change in the development process, both within and outside the health sector. Increased investment in health requires public action and mobilisation of resources, but it also brings individuals opportunities for social and political participation in health-system reform and implementation. Agency is critical for development overall and for the development and sustainability of effective health systems, and individuals should have the opportunity to participate in political and social choice about public policies that affect them. These key elements are part of an alternative way of thinking about health and development, and several points are relevant to this view.

First, this alternative viewpoint appeals to a particular vision of the good life that is derived from Aristotelian political philosophy 2 – 6 and Amartya Sen's capability approach. 1 , 7 , 8 According to Aristotle, society's obligation to maintain and improve health is grounded in the ethical principle of human flourishing, 2 – 6 which holds that society is obligated to enable human beings to live flourishing, and thus healthy, lives. Certain aspects of health, in particular, sustain all other aspects of human flourishing because without being alive no other human functionings, including agency, are possible. Therefore public policy should focus on individuals’ capacity to function, and health policy should aim to maintain and improve this capacity by meeting health needs. This view sees development as expan sion of individual freedom instead of judging development by gross national product or personal income. 1 , 7 , 8

Second, the link between health and economic development is two-directional because health depends on economic development in the same way that economic development depends on health. For example, health and demography can affect income through their impact on labour productivity, savings rates, investments in physical and human capital, and age structure. In the other direction, income can affect health and demography by, for example, improving the ability to obtain food, sanitation, housing, and education and providing incentives to limit family size. 9 However, inequalities in income and social position can also harm the health of the underdog, as Marmot's work demonstrates. 10 It is therefore important to integrate strategies for improving health and economic opportunities rather than assuming a one-directional relation going from health to increased affluence.

Third, health improvement and economic development are both linked to individuals’ opportunities to exercise their agency and participate in political and social decision making. Political and civil rights, especially the right to open discussion and dissent, are central to informed choice. 1 Agency is important for public policy because it supports individuals’ participation in economic, social, and political actions and enables individuals to make decisions as active agents of change. This view contrasts with the perspective that individuals are passive recipients of health care and decisions about health expenditure or other development programmes. An agency-centred view promotes individuals’ ability to understand and “shape their own destiny and help each other”. 1 Development of institutions that aim to improve health and create economic opportunities should therefore be influenced by the “exercise of people's freedoms, through the liberty to participate in social choice and in the making of public decisions that impel the progress of these opportunities”. 1 It is important that any discussion of health and economic development take note of the significance of participation for effective and sustainable reforms. Active agency is critically important for both health and economic development as indeed they are important for each other.

Acknowledgments

I thank Amartya Sen for helpful comments. Supported in part by grant 1K01DA016358-01 from the National Institutes of Health.

IB World Studies EE examples

Filter exemplars, to what extent will reliance's investment in bioenergy for the production of hydrogen as a biofuel through biomass gasification india influence its capacity to maintain both economic and environmental sustainability, an investigation into the economical and medical pros and cons derived from the growth of human gene editing, want to get full marks for your ee allow us to review it for you 🎯, to what extent does the outbreak of covid-19 pandemic increase the inequality in the distribution of income within malaysia and what does the malaysian government do to help the lower income people , how do psychological factors and neural correlates contribute to radicalization to violence, specifically jihadism, to what extent do the government's initiatives of loan moratorium and the wage subsidy programme help the penang’s citizens financial burdens and employment of the tourism industry due to covid-19, fast track your coursework with mark schemes moderated by ib examiners. upgrade now 🚀, to what extent can optimisation of a business allow for sustainable use of resources relating to the fashion industry, to what extent are the national security policies of the usa and pakistan similar or different in the areas of economic security and terrorism, to what extent has the usage of bitcoin and its practices impacted the economy and environment of kazakhstan, what gender discriminatory factors are responsible for the disproportionate rate of hiv infection among adolescent females in the region of sub-sahran africa, how does regulation in road transport engineering—traffic signals specifically—improve or deteriorate traffic safety in the netherlands and the us, to what extent is the impact of lead biomagnification in local food supply on the people in selangor, malaysia, how does the increase in water pollution impact the economic and ecological sustainability of the kolleru lake in andhra pradesh, economics + ess: [32/34] “what impact did investment in renewable energy have on gujarat’s environmental sustainability and economic development since 2015”, how does pharmaceutical pollution by the discharge of drugs: diclofenac and propranolol, ecotoxicologically affect blue mussels (mytilus edulis) in himmerfjärden bay, sweden in the baltic proper, to what extent does diet and conformity cause japan's lower obesity rates compared to the usa, global politics and economics - a critical analysis on the rana plaza case study: to what extent are worker’s rights and standard labour conditions a priority in the ready-made garments sector of bangladesh, history and english: how have artists’ representations of the french revolution in media responded to transforming individuals and societies from 1789 - 2021, to what extent can the increased production of alternative proteins aid in achieving food security and economic growth in singapore, how do the cognitive biases of a consumer affect their behaviour in tourism flow in bali, how did the loss of the gene patent case surrounding the discovery of the brca1 and brca2 by myriad impact the various stakeholders related to brca testing in the us, to what extent did youth unemployment in post recession spain impact youths and what observed youth mental health issues surfaced during the same period, to what extent did the interim budgets implemented by the singapore government aid in the survival of food & beverage businesses during the pandemic in the year 2020, to what extent are genetically modified (gmo) sugarcane crops effective and sustainable in combating the sugarcane borer (diatraea saccharalis) and how do they affect the sugar and ethanol industry of brazil, environmental and/or economic sustainability: chemistry + ess - to what extent does the incorrect disposal of hexavalent chromium impact platanista gangetica gangetica in the river ganges, and does this pose an immediate threat to humans as well, what impact could the establishment of a potato-based biofuel industry have on bangladesh’s environmental and socioeconomic development.

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Adolescent Health Problems and Development Essay

Adolescent development is a dynamic biopsychosocial process that has to be understood by both parents or caregivers and health care providers to guide children through the transition from childhood to adulthood (Neinstein, Woods, Gordon, Katzman, & Rosen, 2009). No one would deny that adolescent development does not occur outside the context of familial and peer relationships. Therefore, it could be argued that the most important distinguishing characteristics of an adolescent are products of family and peer influence. Adolescents develop their identities and beliefs about their role in surrounding cultural environments through interaction with different social groups. Therefore, their ability to cope with the developmental process is directly influenced by their familial and peer relationships (Neinstein et al., 2009).

Unlike Western cultures, the traditional cultures of India and China are associated with a strong pattern of closeness to extended family members (Arnett, 2013). Even though American minority cultures often display a similar proclivity for living in immediate proximity to their grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins, Western majority cultures engage in less frequent contact with their extended families. Taking into consideration the fact that “closeness to grandparents is positively related to adolescents’ well-being” (Arnett, 2013, p. 181), it could be argued that Western society could benefit from this practice. Moreover, traditional cultures promote caregiver relationships between siblings, thereby strengthening their bond and substantially reducing the amount of conflict in a family.

There is ample evidence suggesting that health problems faced by adolescents are likely to result in negative consequences in their lifetime (Reilly & Kelly, 2011). For example, adolescent obesity that adversely influences the developed world for the last few decades is positively related to adult morbidity, specifically cardiometabolic morbidity (Reilly & Kelly, 2011). There is also a large body of evidence that shows that exposure to major psychological stressors during adulthood leads to “elevated rates of morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases of aging” (Miller, Chen, & Parker, 2011, p. 959). Health problems faced by adolescents have a lingering influence on their adult life; therefore, it is necessary to take a careful and systemic approach to their treatment.

Even though a fourteen-year-old female patient is perfectly capable of grasping the specifics of the physical exam it is necessary to address the issue of “self-consciousness about their own body” (Sanfilippo, Lara-Torre, Edmonds, & Templeman, 2012, p. 120). The challenge stems from the fact that adolescents develop at varying ages; therefore, it might be necessary to precede an examination with educational videos that explain the process of examination. Even though the child’s parent is present at the exam, it is necessary to talk directly to the child to establish rapport. The child should be provided with a confidential screening questionnaire. It is also necessary to check adolescent-specific history, immunizations, substance abuse, depression, and eating disorders among others (Schuiling & Likis, 2013). The child should be encouraged to allow a doctor to become “the liaison between her and her family” (Sanfilippo et al., 2012, p. 212) so she could be provided with health information.

A doctor should “discuss issues of confidentiality with an adolescent and their parent/guardian” (Sanfilippo et al., 2012, p. 263) before taking their sexual history. Even though teenagers are allowed to legally consent to “confidential diagnosis and treatment of STDs” (Sanfilippo et al., 2012, p. 263), they should be informed that if a patient’s disease poses a significant threat to either their or someone else’s life, the clinician has a right to disclose such information. A doctor has to provide a patient with information on abstinence, STD risk reduction, and condom use among others (Sanfilippo et al., 2012, p. 263).

Arnett, J. (2013). Adolescence and emerging adulthood: A cultural approach. New York, NY: Pearson.

Miller, G., Chen, E., & Parker, K. (2011). Psychological stress in childhood and susceptibility to the chronic diseases of aging: Moving towards a model of behavioural and biological mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin, 137 (6), 959-997.

Neinstein, L., Woods, E., Gordon, C., Katzman, D., & Rosen, D. (2009). Handbook of adolescent health care (1st ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Reilly, J., & Kelly, J. (2011). Long-term impact of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence on morbidity and premature mortality in adulthood: Systematic review. International Journal of Obesity, 35 (1), 891-898.

Sanfilippo, J., Lara-Torre, E., Edmonds, K., & Templeman, C. (2012). Clinical pediatric and adolescent gynecology . New York, NY: Informa Healthcare

Schuiling, K., & Likis, F. (2013). Women’s gynecologic health (1st ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

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IvyPanda. (2020, August 5). Adolescent Health Problems and Development. https://ivypanda.com/essays/adolescent-health-problems-and-development/

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