essay on article 370 in 500 words

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Article 370 Essay

Essay on Article 370

Through this essay on Article 370, one will learn how Article 370 of the Indian Constitution gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir, which is located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. This state has been administered by India since 1954.

The Article is drafted in part XXI of the Constitution which is titled as "Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions". The Article 370 essay in English will give a clear overview of what actually Article 370 is?

A Long Essay on Article 370 in English

The Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir after being established, has been given the power to recommend which Articles of the Indian Constitution can be applied in the state and also to cancel the 370 altogether. After being advised by the State Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir, a Presidential order was issued in 1954 that specified the Articles which will be applied to the state. Through this Article 370 essay, one will learn how the Constituent Assembly didn't recommend cancellation of Article 370 before it got dissolved. As a result, the Article was deemed to become a permanent feature of the Indian Constitution.

Different Laws And Rights

The Article 370 in English essay explains how Article 370 was incorporated to keep the residents of Jammu and Kashmir under a Law that is different from the rest of the Country. The different Laws include those relating to citizenship Rights, ownership of property Rights, and different fundamental Rights. Due to these separate Laws, Indians from other states were forbidden to buy any land or property in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

While the Indian Government was planning out the Constitution of India, they requested the advice of each and every state on the number of constitutions to be incorporated. All the states agreed to have one Constitution in spite of having one for each state except the state assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. The state assembly of Jammu and Kashmir requested that only those Articles of the Constitution will be applied in the state that corresponds to the original instrument to accession and other rules will be incorporated by the state assembly after being formed. But the state assembly got dissolved, and the Article was considered as a permanent feature of the Indian Constitution. This was confirmed by various rulings of India such as the Supreme Court and High Court.

The essay on Article 370 can help one understand the four Provisions of Article 370:

The state was exempted from the complete applicability of the Constitution of India. The state has the power to form its own Constitution.

The power of the central government in this state is limited to three subjects: defense, foreign affairs, and communications.

Some central government’s constitutional power can be extended to the state only with the concurrence of the state government.

The State Government's power to give concurrence is only active until the State Constituent Assembly was convened. After the scheme of powers is dispersed by the State Constituent Assembly, no further extension of powers is possible.

As studied in the Article 370 essay, it is clear that the state of Jammu and Kashmir has a special status and can incorporate its own Constitution, no other states in the Country have these powers.

Impact On Abolition Of Article 370

With the elimination of Article 370 in 2019, people of J&K will no longer have dual citizenship and would be treated similarly to other Indian citizens. Because the citizenship clause is no longer in force, all of the additional benefits and grounds for discrimination associated with the title are effectively gone.

One of the most significant advantages was that non-J&K residents were unable to purchase land within the state. As a result, persons living in J&K have plenty of resources that they haven't put to good use in order to have a safe place to live. Women were the worst victims of this equation, as they lost their land Rights if they married someone from outside the state. Furthermore, neither she nor her children were eligible to inherit the land. A Kashmiri man, on the other hand, was free to marry any lady from any state and preserve his property Rights. A non-resident of J&K was not permitted to vote in state legislature elections or to run for office. Non-J&K residents were unable to enrol in postgraduate professional courses since state universities in Jammu and Kashmir require a Permanent Resident Certificate (PRC). Furthermore, they were not eligible for any government help or scholarships to utilize while working for the government since permanent residence is necessary, which was not attainable at the time but is today.

The state was not automatically rendered subject to any Laws passed by Parliament. As a result, disadvantaged populations in the state, such as SCs and STs, were denied the benefits that the Indian Constitution ordinarily provides. Even within the state, Rights such as the Right to education and the Right to information apply. More than that, the middle did not have the authority to declare a financial emergency within the state, but that is no longer the case; Kashmir now follows the same rules and regulations as the rest of the nation.

Short Essay on Article 370

150 words paragraph on article 370.

In this Article 370 short essay, one will gain some basic knowledge of Article 370. Article 370 was incorporated, especially for the state of Jammu and Kashmir. This Article was formed along with Article 35a. The Article vested some important powers in the hands of the State Constituent Assembly. It restricted the Central Government from interfering with the matters of Jammu and Kashmir. One can gain a lot of knowledge from this essay on Article 370.

Article 370 gave the authority to the State Constituent Assembly to incorporate its own Constitution that will give the state several different Laws. Such separate Laws include citizenship Rights, ownership of land Rights, and many others. People from other states are restricted from buying land in this state.

In this short speech on Article 370 in English, it is clear that the state of Jammu and Kashmir is an important state of India and experiences a special status among all the other states.

The 370 Article essay in English will educate a person on how the instrument of accession affected the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Clause 7 of the Instrument of Accession signed by the Maharaja Hari Singh says that the state of Jammu and Kashmir is not compelled to accept any future Articles of the Constitution of India. The state assembly has the power to incorporate its own Constitution. The state assembly will also decide how much power should be vested in the hands of the Central Government. The state of Jammu and Kashmir was experiencing a special status because of the conflict that was prevailing on the land.The Article 370 paragraph in English explains the special status of the Jammu and Kashmir experiences.

FAQs on Article 370 Essay

1. What powers are vested by Article 370?

From the knowledge we have gained from the Article 370 essay, it is clear that the State Constituent Assembly has the power to make its own rules for the state without getting interfered with by the Central Government. The state government has the power to make separate laws in terms of citizenship, ownership of land, etc.

2. In what subjects the Central Government has power over Jammu and Kashmir?

The central Government has power on a total of three subjects that are defense, foreign affairs and communication according to an essay on Article 370. In spite of these three subjects, the central government is restricted to interfere because of the special status of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. If the state government extents some powers then the centre can interfere.

3. What is the background of Article 370?

When India was about to gain independence and the British were departing, they gave all of India's rulers the Right to reside anywhere they wanted. Internally, this resulted in the development of hundreds of provinces. Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel's efforts resulted in all of those regions agreeing to merge to establish a country. However, one province, Jammu & Kashmir, governed by the then-king Hari Singh, was unwilling to join the union. They didn't want to be combined, and they wanted to keep their identity as a separate province. In October 1947, Pakistan attempted to capture Kashmir by invading it with its army. Hari Singh requested India's assistance in combating the Pakistani troops. India assisted on the condition that Kashmir joins India. Under Article 370 of the Indian constitution, India promised to provide it with special status.

4. What are the benefits and drawbacks of Article 370?

People in Jammu and Kashmir held dual citizenship, meaning they were citizens of both Jammu and Kashmir and India. They had a different flag than we had. In J & K, elections were held every six years. In J&K, criticising the Indian flag was not a crime. The Supreme Court of India's regulations were not applicable to J&K. A Kashmiri girl loses her Kashmiri citizenship if she marries a guy from outside the state. And if she married a Pakistani, he was automatically granted citizenship in J&K. The Right to Information Act did not apply to J&K. In J&K, there were no reservations for minorities. Outside of J&K, no one could acquire land there. J&K was exempt from financial emergencies. Kashmir has never had an issue with overcrowding or overpopulation since no one from outside the state may enter and reside there. Because employment possibilities were few in J&K, many young people turned to terrorism. There was a low GDP and a high level of corruption. China had acquired 10% of Kashmir after independence, whereas Pakistan had grabbed 30% of Kashmir. Only 60% of Kashmir is still in India's possession. Article 370 was enacted as a temporary measure, which allowed India to repeal it and eventually unite J&K with the rest of the states.

5. What is the end result of Article 370?

Article 370's revocation will have a favourable influence. It has the potential to help both the people of J&K and the rest of India. People in J&K will suddenly have a plethora of job options. A number of business opportunities will arise. Girls from J&K can now marry anyone in India. Their gross domestic product will rise. People from other states can now invest in J&K. They can establish manufacturing units, resulting in more work prospects for individuals in J&K. Foreign investors were also looking forward to the repeal of Article 370, therefore we should see an increase in FDI in J&K. Let us all wish for a strong, united, and prosperous India.

Essay on Article 370

In this Article 370 essay, we will learn about article 370 Kashmir, who drafted article 370 & when was article 370 removed.

On 5 August 2019, the President of India issued the Constitution (Application for Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019 in the exercise of the powers conferred by clause (1) of Article 370 of the Constitution.

By this, the Government of India has amended Article 370 itself (not revoked it).

With this, the Indian government has dramatically revised relations between the state of Jammu and Kashmir and the Indian Union.

Taking a historic decision, the central government proposed to remove Article 370 of the Constitution from the state of Jammu and Kashmir and divide the state into two union territories: Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.

Article 370 Essay:

Article 370 became a part of the Constitution of India on 17 October 1949 and was added as a ‘provisional provision’ that gave exemption to Jammu and Kashmir, in order that it may draft its constitution and the Indian Parliament within the state Prohibit legislative powers.

It was introduced by N. Gopalaswamy Iyenga within the draft constitution.

Under Article 370, the Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir was empowered to recommend which articles of the Indian Constitution should apply within the state.

The Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly was dissolved after drafting the state structure.

Article 3 of Article 370 provides the President of India the facility to amend its provisions and scope.

Article 35A stalks from Article 370 and was applied through an order of the President in 1954 on the advice of the Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly.

In this essay, we additionally talk about Article 35A empowers the Jammu and Kashmir legislature to define permanent residents of the state and their privileges.

Why was Need for Change in Article 370?

Article 370 was added to the Indian Constitution to provide sovereignty to Jammu and Kashmir, but it failed to do upright to Kashmiris.

Because of this Kashmir has been suffering from radicalism and violence for a long time.

It has served to widen the gap between Kashmir and other nations.

Due to this, India’s security challenges from neighbors like Pakistan and China were becoming more complicated.

Current Decision of Center on Article 370:

Now only clause 1 of article 370 will continue, the remaining clauses have been eliminated.
Section-1 was also implemented by the President and it can also be removed by the President.
Jammu and Kashmir are not privileged.
Single citizenship.
One nation one flag.
Article 360 (Financial Emergency) is now in force.
People from other states can buy land in Jammu and Kashmir.
Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir have separate union territories.
Tenure of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly – 5 years.
RTI and human rights rules apply.

Constitutional Challenges:

The President’s order which seeks to abolish the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, according to Article 370 (3), the President will require the recommendation of the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir for such a change.
However, in the order of the President of 2019, a sub-clause has been added to Article 367, which replaces the conditions:
“Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir” means “Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir”.
“Government of Jammu and Kashmir” means “to act on the advice of the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir and the Council of Ministers”.
The government wanted to amend the Constitution to reduce autonomy under Article 370, which would require a two-thirds majority in Parliament.
This provision is currently challenged in the Supreme Court on the ground that it added Article 35A to the Indian Constitution only through an order of the President.
Transforming Jammu and Kashmir into a Union Territory is a violation of Article 3, as the Bill was not sent to the President by the State Assembly.
In the reorganization of the state, the President’s order also requires the consent of the state’s government.
Although, Jammu and Kashmir is currently under the Governor, the Governor’s consent is considered to be the Government’s consent.

Potential Consequences:

Increase in terrorism- Article 370 has been marked by Kashmiris as their separate identity and autonomy.
There is a possibility of widespread protests and violence as a reaction to the weakening of Article 370.
Terrorist elements of Pakistan can easily use Kashmir to spread terrorism in India.
Unrest in Kashmir can affect its democratic progress.

Way Forward:

For the upliftment of Kashmir, a strategy of about 10 years should be implemented for education and employment.

To solve the crisis of legitimacy in Kashmir, a Gandhian path of non-violence and peace should be adopted.

The government can reduce the challenges posed by the removal of Article 370 by launching a comprehensive outreach program for all Kashmiris.

In this situation, to solve Kashmir problem, Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s design of Kashmiriyat, Insaniyat, Jamhooriyat (inclusive culture of Kashmir, Humanism and democracy) should be made the foundation for reconciliation in the state.

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Conclusion for Article 370 Essay:

There are strong arguments against and supporting retraction of Article 370.

While one clause argues that Article 370 is the only constitutional link between the state and the rest of India, others feel that it is a 70 year old offense that prevents India from becoming an integral part.

But the truth is that since the creation of India and Article 370, Kashmiri people have been suffering from this issue.

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Speech on Article 370 for Students and Children

Speech on article 370.

Hello All. I am here to deliver a speech on article 370. This has been the most discussed topic in recent times. Since Independence, It gave special status to J & K. We all Indians use to subconsciously think about it, majority of us had apprehensions about it, we wanted it to be scrapped, we wanted it to get removed as it used to create discrimination between natives of J & K with rest of the Indians. Finally, it happened on 05.Aug.2019. The government of India revoked it. Now all the Indians including J & K people are equal, all are now covered under the constitution of India. All of us now have a single nationality, single flag, and common laws.

Source: en.wikipedia.org

Background of Article 370

In 1947, when India was about to get freedom and when the British were leaving India, they give the freedom to all the kings in India to live wherever they wish to. This caused the formation of hundreds of provinces internally.

By the efforts of Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, all those provinces agreed to unite to form a nation. But one province i.e. Jammu & Kashmir, which was ruled by the then king Hari Singh, was not ready to get united.

They did not want to get merged & wanted to maintain their identity as an independent province. Pakistan tried to acquire Kashmir forcefully by invading its forces in it in October 1947. Hari Singh asked India for help in fighting with the Pakistani army.

India did help under once condition that Kashmir needs to come with India. India did promise to give it a special status under Article 370 of the constitution of India.

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Benefits and Drawbacks of Article 370

People in Jammu and Kashmir had dual citizenship, which is the citizenship of J & K as well as India. They had a different flag. The elections were conducted every 6 years in J & K. Criticising the Indian flag was not a crime in J & K. The rules of the Supreme court of India were not applicable to J&K.

If a Kashmiri girl married any man outside J&K, she lost her J&K citizenship. And if she married any Pakistani, then that man used to get J&K citizenship. The RTI act was not applicable to J&K. No reservations for minorities were there in J&K. No one outside J&K could buy land over there. Financial emergencies were not applicable to J&K.

Kashmir never faced the problem of over crowing or overpopulation, as no one from outside can get and settle into J&K. Employment opportunities were very low in J&K, and hence a lot of youth were heading towards terrorism.

Low GDP was there and corruption was very high. After independence, China had acquired 10% of Kashmir & Pakistan had acquired 30% of Kashmir. India has only 60% of Kashmir left with it. Article 370 was implemented as a temporary provision, that’s why India could scrap it, and hence could finally unify J&K with all the states.

Revocation of article 370 will have a positive impact. It can have many benefits, both to J&K people as well as to the rest of the Indians. J&K people will now have ample career opportunities. The business opportunities will increase. J&K girls can now freely marry to anyone in India. Their GDP will increase.

Other states people can now invest in J&K. They can set up manufacturing units, hence increasing job opportunities to J&K people. Foreign investors were also eyeing on the scrapping of article 370, hence we can expect the increase in FDI in J&K. Let us all wish our India to be strongly unified & flourish.

Thank you for your precious time.

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Speech on Article 370 for Students in English | 3 Minutes Speech

December 10, 2020 by Sandeep

Speech on Article 370: Article 370 of the Indian constitution offers special powers to J&K. The land in J&K is widely disputed; therefore, special provisions were created. Citizenship, fundamental rights and land property rights have exclusive representations in article 370. Non-J&K residents didn’t have any rights to buy land in the state. On August 5th, 20219, a landmark judgement was passed for the abrogation of Article 370. This led to the division of J&K into two separate states- J&K and Ladakh regions.

Speech on Article 370 in 500 Words

Below we have provided a speech on Article 370 in English, written in easy and simple words for class 7, 8, 9 and 10 school students.

A warm welcome to everyone present here. Today I am here to share my thoughts on Article 370. It is one of the most discussed topics nowadays. Article 370 acknowledges the special status of Jammu & Kashmir, which is different from the rest of the residents of Indians. It always created discrimination between the residents of Jammu & Kashmir & rest of the Indians. It came into force in 1949.

Let me throw some knowledge on the history of the same. Back in 1947 when India got independence from the Britishers, Jammu & Kashmir was a princely state which did not agree to unite with India. Hari Singh then ruled the province. But soon after independence in October 1947, Pakistan tried to attack Jammu & Kashmir to acquire it fully. Hari Singh then asked India help to fight with the Pakistan Army.

India did help under the condition that it will come along & unite with India. India promised to give it a special status under Article 370 of the constitution. Since then, Jammu & Kashmir has been the subject of the clash between India & Pakistan for the full control of the territory. India & Pakistan subsequently went into several wars, with which each came to control different parts of the territory with a ceasefire line agreed.

Now let me tell you how this special status impacted people? All the provisions which were applicable for all other states of India were not applicable for Jammu & Kashmir until & unless it has been passed in the state assembly. This was applicable for all the laws except for defence, foreign affairs, finance & communication. The people of J & K live under a different set of laws regarding citizenship, property & fundamental rights.

The residents were given dual citizenship. The election was conducted at an interval of every six years, not in five years. Many more other laws were different from the rest of the country. Now Article 370 also had drawbacks. No one from outside the state can settle there, so which resulted in deficient job creation—several other problems like corruption, slower economic growth & many more.

Article 370 was a temporary provision & on 5th August 2019 government of India revoked it. Repealing of Article 370 has given equal opportunity to the residents of Jammu & Kashmir as other citizens of India. Now all the measures can be taken to improve the economic status of Jammu & Kashmir. It is now part of India without under any special provision; it is same as all the other states. We all have the same nationality, same law & rights. We all are proud to be Indians.

IAS Preparation
UPSC Preparation Strategy
Article 370

Supreme Court Upholds Abrogation of Article 370

In this article, UPSC aspirants will get to know what is Article 370 and Article 35A, important dates, controversies associated with Article 370 and its revocation. Article 370 and the constitutional history of Jammu & Kashmir are important for the IAS exam .

Article 370 – A Constitutional History of J&K:- Download PDF Here

Important Points to learn:

Supreme Court Verdict On Article 370

The judgement was passed by a five-judge constitution bench comprising Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud, Justices Sanjay Kishan Kaul, Sanjiv Khanna, BR Gavai, and Surya Kant.
The SC said that steps should be taken to conduct elections in the assembly by September 30, 2024.
The Supreme Court did not accept the argument of petitioners that the Union government cannot take actions of irreversible consequences in Jammu & Kashmir during President’s Rule (the abrogation was done during President’s Rule).
The Supreme Court also said Jammu and Kashmir did not retain an element of sovereignty after joining India.

Article 370 – Introduction

The key feature of Article 370 was that the Central laws passed by the Parliament did not automatically apply to the erstwhile State of J&K, and it was the right of the State Legislature to approve them by passing a parallel act.

Article 370 is a constitutional provision that gave Jammu and Kashmir its special status.
As evident from the title of the Part, it was supposed to be a temporary provision and its applicability was projected to last till the formulation and adoption of the State’s constitution.
It restricted the Parliament’s legislative powers with respect to the state of J&K.

Pandit Nehru, on the floor of Lok Sabha on 27th November 1963, said that Article 370 has been eroded and the process of gradual erosion is going on. A year later, the then Home Minister Gulzari Lal Nanda, again on the floor of Lok Sabha on 4 December 1964, said, Article 370 is a tunnel to take the Constitution of India to Jammu and Kashmir. He further said that in the end, only the shell will remain there and it will be bereft of its contents, and it will hardly make any difference whether it is kept or not.

These two statements by two tall leaders of the country speak volumes about the dilution of Article 370 of the Constitution of India just merely after one decade of its enactment. The process had right away started in the year 1950, with the issuance of the Constitutional Application Order 1950, and thereafter, a number of parlances took place between the Centre and the State leadership, which evolved into an agreement known as the Delhi Agreement of 1952 , wherein a number of subjects apart from those in the Instrument of Accession were agreed to be made applicable to the State of J&K. Some of them are as under:

Appointment of the head of State.
Persons having domicile in the State of J&K shall be Citizens of India.
Fundamental Rights
Jurisdiction of Supreme Court
National Flag
Financial Integration
Emergency Powers

Presidential Orders

Under Article 370 of the Constitution of India, the President had the power of issuing orders for the application of provisions of the Constitution of India with modifications, exceptions and amendments in the provisions. And this power has been upheld in several cases by the Supreme Court, e.g., in P. L. Lakhanpal vs the State of J&K.

As already said, for the application of other provisions of the Constitution of India to the State of J&K, the only mode available was the Constitutional Application Order. And the same was to be done with the consultation and concurrence of the State Government. The Presidential Orders, broadly speaking, deal with the following subject matters:

Enhancing the jurisdiction of the Parliament to enact laws in the State of J&K out of the Union List .
Laws relating to an increase or decrease in the area of the State.
Making provisions for the return of the permanent residents of the State who migrated to the territories included in Pakistan under permit for settlement.
Providing for constitutional protection to the laws relating to permanent residents of the state, their special rights and privileges, employment under Government, acquisition of immovable property, settlement in the State, scholarship.
Earmarking the number of seats in the House of the people, excluding the area under the occupation of Pakistan.
Provision for delimitation of Parliament Constituencies.
Transfer of judges from the High Court of J&K or to the said Court.
Exclusion of the State List.
Provision as regards the decision affecting the disposition of the State of J&K.
Acquisition and requisition of immovable property on behalf of and at the expense of the Union.
Provision relating to the use of the official language of the Union and in the proceedings before the Supreme Court .
Provisions for the proclamation of emergency.
Provisions for non-application of the amendments carried out by the Parliament of India in the Constitution of India.
Provision for Governor and the Election Commission.

In the year 1954, the Constitutional Application Order 1950 was renamed as the Constitutional Application Order 1954 and its issuance was the first infringement on the constitutional autonomy of the State of J&K. It culminated with the issuance of the Constitution (Application to J&K) Order, 2019. Article 370 itself was used to make it weak after remaining on the Constitution book for 70 years.

Facts on Article 370

Article 370 – Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir

(1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,

(a) The provisions of Article 238 shall not apply in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir;

(b) The power of Parliament to make laws for the said State shall be limited to

Those matters in the Union List and the Concurrent List which, in consultation with the Government of the State , are declared by the President to correspond to matters specified in the Instrument of Accession governing the accession of the State to the Dominion of India as the matters with respect to which the Dominion Legislature may make laws for that State; and
Such other matters in the said Lists as, with the concurrence of the Government of the State, the President may by order specify Explanation For the purposes of this article, the Government of the State means the person for the time being recognized by the President as the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers for the time being in office under the Maharajas Proclamation dated the fifth day of March 1948 ;

(d) such of the other provisions of this Constitution shall apply in relation to that State subject to such exceptions and modifications as the President may by order specify: Provided that no such order which relates to the matters specified in the Instrument of Accession of the State referred to in paragraph 1 of sub clause (b) shall be issued except in consultation with the Government of the State: Provided further that no such order which relates to matters other than those referred to in the last preceding proviso shall be issued except with the concurrence of that Government.

(2) If the concurrence of the Government of the State referred to in paragraph 2 of sub clause (b) of clause (1) or in the second proviso to sub clause (d) of that clause be given before the Constituent Assembly for the purpose of framing the Constitution of the State is convened, it shall be placed before such Assembly for such decision as it may take thereon.

(3) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this article, the President may, by public notification, declare that this article shall cease to be operative or shall be operative only with such exceptions and modifications and from such date as he may specify: Provided that the recommendation of the Constituent Assembly of the State referred to in clause (2) shall be necessary before the President issues such a notification.

Application of 370

However, the State’s constituent assembly dissolved itself on 25 January 1957 without recommending either abrogation or amendment of Article 370, leaving the status of the provision on a cliffhanger.
The provision was later held to have acquired permanent status by way of rulings of the Supreme Court of India and the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir.
This implied that to apply a central law to the state on subjects included in the Instrument of Accession, mere “consultation” with the state government is required.
However, to apply a central legislation to matters other than defence, foreign affairs and communications, ”concurrence” of the state government was mandatory.

Jammu and Kashmir Constitution

Article 3-> Relationship of the State with the Union of India :- The State of Jammu and Kashmir is and shall be an integral part of the Union of India.
In the Preamble to the Constitution, not only is there no claim to sovereignty, but there is a categorical acknowledgement about the object of the J&K Constitution being “to further define the existing relationship of the state with the Union of India as its integral part thereof.”

Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019

(1) This Order may be called the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019.

(2) It shall come into force at once, and shall thereupon supersede the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 as amended from time to time.

All the provisions of the Constitution, as amended from time to time, shall apply in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir and the exceptions and modifications subject to which they shall so apply shall be as follows:-

To article 367, there shall be added the following clause, namely:-

“(4) For the purposes of this Constitution as it applies in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir-

(a) References to this Constitution or to the provisions thereof shall be construed as references to the Constitution or the provisions thereof as applied in relation to the said State;

(b) references to the person for the time being recognized by the President on the recommendation of the Legislative Assembly of the State as the Sadar-i-Riyasat of Jammu and Kashmir , acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers of the State for the time being in office, shall be construed as references to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir ;

(c) references to the Government of the said State shall be construed as including references to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir acting on the advice of his Council of Ministers; and

(d) in the proviso to clause (3) of Article 370 of this Constitution, the expression “Constituent Assembly of the State referred to in clause (2)” shall read “Legislative Assembly of the State”.

Has Article 370 been scrapped?

The Presidential order signed by the President of India has not scrapped Article 370 .
But invoking this very article, the special status of Jammu & Kashmir has been withdrawn.
Thus, Article 370 is very much on the statute book.
In other words, the move by the government gives full applicability of the Indian Constitution in Jammu and Kashmir. Earlier, only a set of limited provisions such as foreign relations, communication and defence had jurisdiction over Jammu and Kashmir.

What is the status of Article 35-A?

Since Presidential Order of August 5 has extended all the provisions of the Constitution to Kashmir , the Fundamental Rights chapter has now been extended and therefore some discriminatory provisions of Article 35-A may not be in accordance with prescribed Rules.
Therefore the President can also declare this to be inapplicable.
Article 35A of the Indian Constitution is an article that empowers the Jammu and Kashmir states legislature to define “permanent residents”.
The provision mandates that no act of the state legislature coming under the ambit of Article 35A can be challenged for violating the Indian Constitution or any other law of the land.

Who Are Permanent Residents?

as a person who was a state subject on May 14, 1954
who had been a resident of the state for 10 years
has lawfully acquired immovable property in the state
The state legislature can alter the definition of a permanent resident by passing a law with a two-thirds majority .
Permanent residents are given a Permanent Resident Certificate which forms the basis of their rights in the state.
It also has a provision to recognize as permanent residents, people who had migrated to Pakistan and returned, though subject to certain conditions.

Rights and Privileges

Employment under the state government/State Public Sector Jobs
Acquisition of immovable property in the state
Settlement in the state
Right to scholarships and such other forms of aid as the state government may provide

Why was the move a necessity?

By reorganising Kashmir’s political status, Modi govt. is addressing a colonial mess

In Africa and Asia, there are countless territorial conflicts. The Indo-Tibetan frontier opened up by Curzon remains a contested boundary dispute between India and China. More broadly, the buffers and protectorates constructed by the Raj to limit conflict with Russia are now zones of political contestation between India and a rising China.
The Durand Line drawn between India and Afghanistan in 1893 , a few years before Curzon arrived in India, remains disputed between Kabul and Islamabad. Even the Taliban, nurtured by Pakistan as an instrument to gain influence in Afghanistan, does not accept the Durand Line.
Many other peripheries of the Raj, from Balochistan in the west to Xinjiang and Kashmir in the north to Tibet and the eastern Himalayan regions between India, upper Burma and China are all in a turmoil of varying degrees.

Part of the problem lies in the nature of the frontiers that the Subcontinent inherited from the Raj.

The land borders of India were not defined by a single line, but by what Curzon identified as the three-fold frontier.

There was the “ administrative frontier ” that marked out regions that the Raj governed to the fullest extent.
Beyond that was the “ frontier of active defence ” like the Durand Line.
A third was the “ strategic frontier ” consisting of the outer boundaries of protectorates over which the Raj exercised a measure of control.

Confusion over Control of Territories

While the British Raj, Czarist Russia and Qing China found ways to live with ambiguities in remote corners of the empire, the new nationalist regimes that succeeded them have had much more difficulty.
The Partition of the subcontinent, based on religious considerations, added an explosive dimension to an already complex inheritance.
The successor states to the empires laid formal claims to tracts of territory that had an ambivalent status, but have struggled to realise them.

The colonial past has left territories that are claimed by many countries with significant challenges

Pakistan has struggled to find stability on its western borderlands — where the Baloch and the Pashtun continue to challenge its claims.
Beijing continues to claim the entire state of Arunachal Pradesh.
But the arguments with China are now mostly political. After instigating trouble in each other’s territory for a period, Delhi and Beijing are now committed to managing the dispute peacefully, while expanding the broader relationship.
There is a frequent spike in military tensions, but there has been no shooting war.
India has had greater success with Bangladesh . Early on in his first term, Prime Minister Narendra Modi seized the opportunities to settle the disputes with Dhaka on the land and maritime boundary inherited from the Partition.
But unlike Dhaka and Beijing, Rawalpindi is not really prepared for a peaceful resolution. Repeated efforts by Indira Gandhi (1972), Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1999), and Manmohan Singh (2005-07) ended in failure. The inherent difficulty of negotiation has been compounded by Pakistan’s use of terrorism and Kashmir’s ambiguous political status within the Indian Union .
In confronting Pakistan’s terrorism and reorganising the political status of Kashmir, the Modi government has set a new policy template.
The key to its success lies in finding early political reconciliation within Kashmir and persuading the Pakistan army that its interests are better served by stable, peaceful and legitimate frontier with India.

Due process

The process of revocation of Article 370, which ties the state with India, needed the approval of J&K’s Constituent Assembly. In the absence of such an assembly, it can be removed with the concurrence of the state legislative assembly. But the assembly does not exist at the moment either, and the notification suggests that it was the Governor’s concurrence that was obtained to render the provisions irrelevant . This is clearly not sufficient.
The process has been pushed through without consultations with Kashmir’s political leaders , who have been under detention.
Further, the reorganisation of states requires the consent of the state assembly concerned .
In this case, J&K has been bifurcated, and statehood diluted to UT status, without any deliberations in the assembly.

Article 3 of the Constitution

It says that before parliament can consider a bill that diminishes the area of a state or changes its name, the bill must be “referred by the President to the Legislature of that State for expressing its views thereon”.
This is an essential safeguard of India’s federal system and has clearly not been followed in this case.
In Parliament, the Home Minister invoked that since the J&K assembly was dissolved and the state is under Central rule, it is parliament that gets to exercise the prerogatives of the assembly .
This move will strain India’s social fabric not only in its impact on Jammu and Kashmir but also in the portents it holds for federalism, parliamentary democracy and diversity.
The Centre’s abrupt move disenfranchised people on a matter that directly affects their life and sentiments.

Kashmiris seek greater democracy

Like all Indian citizens, Kashmiris seek greater democracy.
Elements keen to destabilize India would seek to build a narrative that Delhi is taking away powers from the local level . It is important that the process of turning the state into a UT does not lead to alienation.

Deepen communal and religious lines

While Ladakhi Buddhists, for instance, are now celebrating the fulfilment of their long-pending demand for Union Territory status, the voices of Kargilis who are still under a strict curfew are yet to be heard.
They may not support this decision because ‘a Union Territory without a legislature’ not only negates the idea of decentralisation of power to the grassroots (the undergirding principle of the autonomous hill council) but could well lead to a shifting of the loci of power to Leh, resulting in losing whatever gains they have assiduously made over the years.

Instrument of Accession

In Kashmir’s Instrument of Accession in Clause 5, Raja Hari Singh, ruler of J&K, explicitly mentioned that the terms of “my Instrument of Accession cannot be varied by any amendment of the Act or of Indian Independence Act unless such amendment is accepted by me by an Instrument supplementary to this Instrument”.
Clause 7 said “nothing in this Instrument shall be deemed to commit me in any way to acceptance of any future constitution of India or to fetter my discretion to enter into arrangements with the Government of India under any such future constitution”.
In India’s acceptance of the IoA, Lord Mountbatten stated that “it is my Government’s wish that as soon as law and order have been restored in Kashmir and her soil is cleared of the invader, the question of the State’s accession be settled by a reference to the people”.

Read more about the history of Instrument of Accession in the linked article.

Elections in Jammu and Kashmir were delayed

The three independent observers appointed by the Election Commission — to assess the readiness for assembly elections in Jammu & Kashmir — are learnt to have conveyed to the poll panel that the situation is conducive for elections immediately after Lok Sabha polls.

Why Jammu and Kashmir is special?

Former MP Karan Singh, son of Maharaja Hari Singh, wrote in An Examined Life : “The right-wing seems to resent that J&K carries a special status. That has always surprised me. We are a great country, we should be large-hearted. J&K came to India under complex and difficult circumstances. Now after all these years to ask why it holds a special position is baffling. It will always be special because it was born out of a special historical event and subsequent political developments. In England they have all sorts of governing systems…, we should feel so lucky that J&K, a Muslim-majority state became a part of India despite the religion-led Partition. Cherish that; relish that; honour that.”
In November 1963, in a debate in Parliament, when Hari Vishnu Kamath argued that Kashmir was “not fully” integrated, Nehru asserted that it was, indeed, “fully integrated” with India. He said: “The House will remember that we have some restrictions with respect to NEFA and other places; outsiders cannot buy land. This is also in some other districts, the hill districts of Assam . This is to protect them.”

Looking at these arguments from the past, the people, the local political parties in Jammu and Kashmir and the political parties in India should have been taken into confidence for bringing about an end to legislation that was indeed the bridge between India and the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

The recent pre-emptive deployment of additional forces into Jammu and Kashmir enables the state government to deal appropriately with any situation.
If large-scale protests do erupt, how they are handled will be extremely important.
Pakistan can be expected to fish actively in the troubled waters of Kashmir. Buoyed by the recent statements of United States President Donald Trump on mediation, Pakistan will attempt to internationalize the issue of Kashmir.
However, there are limits to Pakistan’s response. Hobbled by international pressure and a dire financial situation, Pakistan needs to keep its actions calibrated to ensure that the situation does not escalate to a conventional conflict.
The Indian Army’s deployment along the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir is extremely robust, and will not allow large-scale infiltration.
It is also essential to not look at tackling the situation purely through a security approach. If the government’s action aims to find a resolution to the Kashmir conflict, it has to take the local population into confidence .
The decision of the government must not be painted in terms of victory or defeat, but as a win-win for everyone.
The advisory to various state governments to ensure the safety and security of the residents of Jammu and Kashmir is a step in the right direction.

It must now be followed up by a genuine outreach to the people of the state.

Union Territory Status

There were seven union territories (UTs) specified under Part II of the First Schedule to the Constitution of India , viz. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep, National Capital Territory of Delhi and Puducherry.
Except for the National Capital Territory of Delhi and Puducherry, UTs did not have their own legislature until now.
Now, the state of Jammu and Kashmir has also been added along with Delhi and Puducherry to be a UT with a legislature .

Article 240 of the Indian Constitution

According to Article 240, the President of India has the power to make regulations for UTs not having their own legislature.

Is it right to give a state Union Territory status? Yes

Frederic Drew, who served as Governor of Ladakh in the 19th Century had rightly observed that “the territories of J&K have no other bond of cohesion than the fact of Maharaja’s rule, no simple name for it exists”.
Ladakhis since then have consistently been demanding a separate region from the Jammu and Kashmir State and asking for the status of Union Territory for the area.
With the United States seeking a quick exit from, and willing to let the Inter-Services Intelligence-sponsored Taliban control Afghanistan (and China deeply embedded in the power play), the heartland of Central Asia has rarely been as adverse to Indian interests since 1989, when the Soviet Union withdrew from Afghanistan. Kashmir could, in these circumstances, become even more vulnerable to external elements than it was in the 1990s.
The situation emerging in the western neighbourhood and the possible re-ascendance of the Taliban in Afghanistan call for greater attention and care to be taken in what will remain as J&K after bifurcation. Making it a Union Territory with a legislature makes a lot of strategic sense.
In the interest of security, this is a good move. Once all the security measures are met, we can give statehood as it happened with Goa and Arunachal Pradesh in the past.
It will insulate Ladakh from the happenings in the other two regions and provide for greater development of the region.
Ladakh’s unique geographical location should offer India a huge counter-offensive potential in terms of leveraging connectivity to the Eurasian region and China.
It is a book penned by Ex-Governor of J&K Jagmohan during 1984-1990.
“Article 370 is nothing but a breeding ground for the parasites at the heart of the paradise. It skins the poor. It deceives them with its mirage. It lines the pockets of the ‘power elites’”.
Geographically and metaphorically, Jammu and Kashmir is the crown of secular India. Its people and leaders had chosen secular India over Pakistan.
The new doctrine will have to persuade the majority of the people of Jammu and Kashmir that greater integration with India will provide them with more opportunities, provide more freedom and space, and strengthen their rights much more than the alternatives proposed by other mainstream parties or separatists.
Going forward, India should take the people of J&K into confidence, bring development which includes all sections of society and restore statehood as per its initial promise.

Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019

The Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir has a legislative assembly,
Whereas the Union Territory of Ladakh does not have a legislative assembly and is administered by the Lieutenant Governor alone.
The Union Territory of Ladakh will include the districts Leh and Kargil which, in effect, ceased to be part of the existing state of Jammu and Kashmir.
The remaining territories remained with Jammu and Kashmir after the bifurcation.
Representation in the House of People: Out of the six Lok Sabha seats in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, five remained with the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and one went to the Union Territory of Ladakh.
The Election Commission may conduct Lok Sabha elections for both the Union Territories as per the allocation of seats specified in the Delimitation of Parliamentary Constituencies Order, 1976 as amended by this act.
The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly to have a tenure of five years unless it’s dissolved earlier by the L-G.
This allows the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir to function as a legislative assembly under an administrator appointed under the said Article. In this case, it will be the LG.
The constituencies to be re-organised through a de-limitation exercise under the 2002 Act of Parliament.
For the purpose of delimitation, the 2011 census figures are to be taken as the benchmark.
The state assembly currently has 111 seats, of which 46 are in the Valley, 37 in Jammu and the remaining four are in the Ladakh division .
Of these, 24 seats would be deemed to be vacant till the time Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir comes under the jurisdiction of the Indian state.
With this, the existing legislative council in Jammu and Kashmir stands abolished . “Every member thereof ceases to be such member and all bills pending in the Legislative Council shall lapse.”
Four sitting members of the council of states (Rajya Sabha) representing the existing state of Jammu and Kashmir shall be deemed to have been elected to fill the seats allocated to the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir . Their term of office remains unaltered.
The High Court of the existing state of Jammu and Kashmir is the common High Court of the two Union Territories.
The new Assembly shall have reservations for Scheduled Caste and Tribes as in other parts of the state.

Legislative powers of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir

The Legislative Assembly may make laws for the whole or any part of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir with respect to any of the matters enumerated in the state list except on subjects “public order” and “police” which will remain in the domain of the Centre vis-a-vis the LG.
In case of inconsistencies between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislative Assembly, earlier law shall prevail and law made by the Legislative Assembly shall be void.

Role and powers of the Lieutenant Governor

The Governor of the existing State of Jammu and Kashmir shall be the Lieutenant Governor for the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, and the Union Territory of Ladakh for such period as may be determined by the President.
The L-G will be assisted by advisors appointed by the Centre since the Union Territory will not have a Legislative Assembly.
In the case of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, the L-G shall “act in his discretion” on issues which fall outside the purview of powers conferred on the Legislative Assembly , in which he is required to exercise any judicial functions, and/or matters related to All India services and the Anti-Corruption Bureau.

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Speech on Article 370 of Constitution of India

Article 370 is an Article in the Constitution of India which gives special status to the northern state of Jammu and Kashmir. When India gained independence, the then ruler of Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh was left with an option of annexing with either India or Pakistan. Hari Singh rather chose to remain independent, till the Pakistani tribes attacked J&K. Thus Maharaja Hari Singh agreed to a conditional annexation with India. These conditions are specifically mentioned in Instrument of Accession that he signed on 26th October 1947. Later when the monarchy of J& K was abolished in 1952, most of the declarations in the instrument of Accession were incorporated in the Constitution by immediate government.

Long and Short Speech on Article 370 in English

We are providing various speech on Article 370 under different words limit in simple and easy to understand language.

Following Article 370 speech have been written covering all the vital aspects of it.

After going through the speeches you will know the meaning and features of Article 370; when was Article 370 scrapped; what are going to be its repercussions in long run, both on Kashmir and on India; was the decision to scrap the article was good or bad; what all privileges were enjoyed by the government and people of Kashmir under Article 370, etc. So, choose the one which you like the most:

Speech on Article 370 of Constitution of India – Speech 1

Good Morning everyone! Good to see you all! I am ________ from class/dept __________, here to give a speech on one of the most talked about topics in India, today – Article 370. For those who don’t know about Article 370 and its origin, I am pleased to remind that, it was Article especially enshrined in the Constitution of India for the state of Jammu and Kashmir. But, there was an exception, while all the parts of the Constitution were uniformly applicable to all the states and union territories of India; Article 370 provided a kind of immunity or special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

That is, Legislative powers of centre over the state of Jammu and Kashmir were limited only on vital matters of foreign affairs, defence, communication etc. This gave the J&K Legislative Assembly draconian powers to rule over the state. However, you all must be aware that Article 370 has been abrogated with effect from 5 th August 2019, by a Presidential order. Clause (3) of Article 370 empowers the President of India to make amendments and change the scope of the Article. This very clause was used by the present NDA led government at centre in abolition of Article 370. Apart from abrogation of Article 370, the government also successfully passed the bill for reorganization of J&K and Laddakh in both the houses of Parliament.

Now, J&K is a Union Territory with Legislative Assembly and Laddakh will also be a Union Territory without Legislative Assembly. The abolition of Article 370 will, in the long run, have significant political, economical and social consequences on the state of J&K and its people. The state which has been reeling under terrorism and cross border insurgency since independence is now expected to get a new lease of life with full legislative power of the government. By and large, the decision will benefit the development of the state and expose the youths to new arenas of growth and prosperity. In my opinion the abolition of Article will start new business ventures in state, and encourage new start ups.

In the coming years sectors like education, healthcare, tourism & hospitality are going to grow at a tremendous pace, generating employment and improving economy. All in all this is a good action by the government taken in a good spirit for the benefit of the people of Jammu & Kashmir. The move got a huge support from Indian masses and political parties as well. Almost all the political parties of India, big or small, supported the move; though, there were few exceptions also. Opinion of the senior congress leadership is however divided over the issue. Scrapping of Article 370 from J&K didn’t evoke much response from the international community, as no international treaty of commitment was violated.

However, Pakistan is crying foul and terms the move as unilateral, biased and unconstitutional. Present Prime Minister of Pakistan has also indicated on taking the matter to the United Nations; though, there too, lies little hope as no international violation has been made by India. With this, I would like to end my speech on Article 370 and hope that the people of Jammu and Kashmir and Laddakh, will soon be on the path of growth and development as rest of the nation is. Thank You!!

Speech on Article 370 of Constitution of India – Speech 2

A very Good Morning to all those present here. I am ________ from __________, here to talk to you and share views on Article 370. Article 370 of the Indian Constitution provided a special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. J&K was allowed to have its own Constitution and rendered the Constitution of India in applicable in the state. The Article also gave the local leadership of J&K, superiority over Centre to rule the state at its own will. It also gave the government of Jammu and Kashmir, the power to decide the citizenship and its rights.

The Article 370 was instituted in the Constitution of India in 1949 as a Temporary, Transitional and Special provision. All of you must have got the news, nevertheless, it’s my duty to remind you all, that Article 370 has been scrapped by the BJP led NDA alliance at the centre. This had been possible by passing a Presidential order, abrogating Article 370 from J&K. Clause 3, of the Article 370 itself mentions that the President of the Indian Union is empowered to make necessary changes into the Article or to abolish it right away. Overall it is a good move by the government of India and I have arguments to support my opinion.

Till now Jammu and Kashmir, had its own Constitution and flag, moreover, any disrespect to Indian national flag wasn’t a crime under law. But, now with Article 370 scrapped no one would dare to burn or malign the Tricolor in any way. The Article also gave dual citizenship to the residents of J&K, that is every resident of J&K was also a resident of India; on the other hand, residents of other parts of India were not considered as residents of J&K. This divisive law of citizenship now stands abolished.

Certain clauses of the Article were also gender discriminatory. For example, if a permanent male resident of J&M marries a woman from some other part of India, then his rights over the land won’t change and both the husband and wife were natural owners of the land. On the contrary, if a woman resident of J&K Kashmir marries an outsider, then she automatically loses all of her property rights, what so ever, in the state. This biased law now stands abolished. Indian citizens were not allowed to buy property in Jammu and Kashmir, a law which made establishment of small businesses difficult and hampered the overall economical growth of the state.

But, now the state is open to small and large business houses for investment in education, healthcare, tourism, infrastructure etc, ultimately generating employment and boosting economy. The abrogation is also expected to improve India’s preparedness against terrorism and cross border infringement. It gives free hand to the Indian government like all other parts of India on vital issues of state’s concern. The move is supported hugely by Indian citizens and also politicians, across the party lines; however, some leaders seem to differ.

Among those who are condemning the act as unconstitutional and aggressive are – J&K National Conference chief, Farooq Abdullah and People Democratic Party (PDP) member, Mahbooba Mufti. Apart from facing opposition from certain political class and extremists groups, the move, by and large, enjoys tremendous support of the people of India. Neighboring Pakistan, (which had been till now misusing the special status of J&K for its own interest, to support infiltration and terrorism in India) is the only country which is voicing some opposition.

Government of Pakistan is contemplating about raising the issue with international community in the United Nations. With no response from the international community on scrapping of Article 370, mainly because it didn’t violate any international treaty, leaves Pakistan with less hope of having a desirable outcome. However difficult the decision to abolish Article 370 might have been, it was possible only by an unwavering political will and impeccable plan of action.

Let us hope that the action will bring peace in the valley which has long been suffering with terrorism and insurgency. Let us hope that new educational institutions, professional institutes, hospitals, hotels, restaurants, factories etc will be open in J&K, putting the state on the tracks of growth and prosperity and to revive its economy. Thank You!!

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SC Verdict on Article 370: Background, Impacts, Criticism

From Current Affairs Notes for UPSC » Editorials & In-depths » This topic

This topic of “SC Verdict on Article 370 : Background, Impacts, Criticism” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination , which falls under General Studies Portion.

Introduction

The Supreme Court of India delivered a landmark judgment on December 11, 2023 upholding the constitutional validity of the abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution. This provision had granted special autonomous status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

In a unanimous verdict by a five-judge Constitution bench, the apex court ruled that the Presidential Orders of August 5, 2019 issued by the Central government were constitutionally valid. The judgment is seen as a major victory for the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which had promised to scrap Article 370 in its 2019 election manifesto.

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Background of Article 370

Article 370 was incorporated in the Indian Constitution in 1949 to grant special autonomous status to Jammu and Kashmir
It restricted the Central government’s legislative powers over the state and allowed it to have a separate Constitution
The article was considered a temporary provision, added to accommodate the special circumstances prevailing in J&K at the time of India’s independence
Over the years, there were demands from various political parties and groups to fully integrate J&K with India by repealing Article 370

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Abrogation of Article 370

On August 5, 2019, the Central government issued a Presidential Order superseding the previous Order of 1954
A Statutory Resolution recommending abrogation of Article 370 was passed by both houses of Parliament
Another Presidential Order was issued declaring all clauses of Article 370 except clause 1 to be inoperative
This effectively revoked the special status granted to Jammu and Kashmir under the Constitution
Presidential Order CO 272 modified Article 367 to change the definition of ‘Constituent Assembly’
The state was under President’s Rule at the time, so powers of J&K Assembly were vested in Parliament
Rajya Sabha passed resolution under Article 370(3) recommending abrogation
Presidential Order CO 273 gave effect to this resolution, rendering Article 370 inoperative

Arguments of Petitioners

The petitioners challenging the abrogation of Article 370 raised several key arguments:

Article 370 could only be amended or repealed by the Constituent Assembly of J&K
Centre usurped these powers by modifying Article 367 to redefine the Constituent Assembly
Concurrence of J&K government was necessary to amend Article 370
This was not obtained since J&K was under President’s Rule at the time
The Presidential Orders were arbitrary, lacked reasoned decision making
Did not consider the will of the people of J&K
Unilateral application of entire Constitution to J&K went against spirit of federalism
Disrespected J&K’s autonomy guaranteed under Article 370
Abrogation altered basic federal structure of the Constitution which is part of basic structure
Power of Parliament to amend Constitution does not extend to basic structure

The Supreme Court bench examined the issues raised by the petitioners but upheld the abrogation of Article 370. Some key aspects of the verdict:

Reiterated that Article 370 was only a temporary provision
Ceased to be operative as Constituent Assembly had dissolved
President had powers under Article 370(3) to declare Article 370 inoperative
Dissolution of Constituent Assembly did not affect this
Concurrence of state government was not necessary during President’s Rule
Parliament was competent to exercise powers of state legislature
Presidential Orders were not arbitrary, but based on relevant considerations
Will of the people was not relevant to determine constitutional validity
Unilateral application of Indian Constitution did not impinge on federalism
J&K did not have absolute sovereignty after accession to India
Abrogation did not alter basic structure or violate any fundamental rights
Decision was taken constitutionally, so no violation of rule of law

The abrogation of Article 370 and bifurcation of Jammu and Kashmir has had wide-ranging impacts on various aspects:

Mainstream political parties like National Conference and PDP sidelined
Space for dissent and opposition politics greatly reduced
Undermines India’s federal structure by excess centralization of power
Outsiders can now buy land and property in J&K leading to demographic changes
Raises fears about impact on local culture, language and way of life
Expected boost to tourism, infrastructure building in J&K
Increased private investment due to reduced bureaucracy
Tensions with Pakistan heightened after revocation of special status
Clampdown by security forces led to human rights violations
Alienated local population, fueling further unrest

Criticism of Verdict

While the Supreme Court upheld the abrogation, the verdict has come under criticism on several grounds:

Failed to address fact that only Constituent Assembly could repeal Article 370
Allows executive to bypass constitutional procedures
Does not examine excesses committed during security crackdown
Leaves people with no recourse for rights violations
Disregards spirit of federalism and principles of shared sovereignty
Sets dangerous precedent for unilateral changes by Centre
Does not consider why J&K acceded to India with special status
Fails to respect this solemn constitutional commitment
The decision could hamper prospects for lasting peace in Kashmir
May increase sense of alienation among local population

Way Forward

While the Supreme Court has settled the constitutional debate on Article 370 for now, the way forward on resolving the Kashmir issue involves:

Holding Assembly elections in J&K at the earliest
Restoring full statehood for J&K
Addressing human rights violations through impartial probes
Creating political reconciliation through dialogue
Respecting the unique cultural identity of Kashmir
Pursuing peace talks including Kashmiri voices
Undertaking confidence building measures with Pakistan

The Supreme Court verdict on Article 370 marks the culmination of a long legal battle over the status of Jammu and Kashmir within the Indian Union. While the judgment has upheld the constitutional validity of the government’s decision, it remains to be seen whether it brings lasting peace and prosperity to the troubled region. Meaningful political reconciliation through fair democratic processes still remains key to resolving the complex Kashmir issue.

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Essay on Article 370 | Removal of Article 370 Essay

Essay on Article 370 in English: If you want to write an essay about Article 370 Removal, then first of all you should know some important details about Article 370. In this article, we will know how to write an essay on Article 370. That is why if you want to write a good essay on the Removal of Article 370, then you must read this article till the end.

The essay on article 360 will be discussed in this post. The first essay is a long essay on article 360 in English (1000 words). This long Article 370 essay is suitable for students of classes 7, 8, 9 and 10, 11, 12 and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on article 360 in English of 300 words. These are suitable for students and children in classes 3, 4, 5, 6.

1000+ Words Essay on Article 370 in English

Long essay on Article 370 in English For Students of classes 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and also Competitive exam aspirants.

Article 370 Essay – Article 370 was included in the Constitution of India on October 17, 1949. Jammu & Kashmir were exempted from the Indian Constitution (except Article 1 and Article 370 only). This allowed Jammu and Kashmir to draft their constitution and restricted the legislative powers of Parliament concerning Jammu and Kashmir. Article 370 itself mentions Article 1, which includes Jammu and Kashmir in the list of states and has been described as a tunnel through which the Constitution is applied to Jammu & Kashmir. Article 3 of the Jammu and Kashmir Constitution declares Jammu and Kashmir an integral part of India.

Jammu and Kashmir have 3 main geographical areas – Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh. Kashmir is the most affected area among these three, but it adversely affects the entire Jammu and Kashmir. In this context, abolishing Article 370 is considered a historic step, but the question arises as to why Jammu & Kashmir was given special status from other states of India under Article 370 and Article 35A.

When the British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act, 1947, British sovereignty over all the princely states, including Jammu & Kashmir ended. Now, these princely states had the right to merge with the Dominion of India or Pakistan or to maintain their independent existence. The ruler of Jammu and Kashmir Hari Singh decided to remain independent, but on 20 October 1947, the Pakistan-backed Azad Kashmir Army invaded Kashmir.

As a result, Maharaja Hari Singh accepted a merger in favour of India to deal with this crisis. On 26 October 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh signed the merger letter, according to which Jammu and Kashmir accepted the supremacy of the Indian Union on three subjects – Defence, foreign affairs, and communications while retaining its autonomy in the remaining matters.

After the signing of this merger letter, the then-Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru said that the people of Jammu and Kashmir would make their constitution through their own Constituent Assembly and determine how much and how the Indian Union’s authority over Jammu and Kashmir should be. During this time, the constitution of India will only make interim arrangements concerning Jammu and Kashmir. To give legal form to this interim system, Article 370 was included in the Indian Constitution, under which the privileges of Jammu and Kashmir were given.

Introduction

The special status given to Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 of the Constitution has been removed with the Presidential notification dated August 5, 2019. This is a bold move by the present Narendra Modi government reflecting strong political will. Jammu & Kashmir has further been divided into two Union Territories – Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. Both union territories will come into existence on October 31.

President Ram Nath Kovind , in his Independence Day speech, expressed confidence about the new and bifurcation benefits of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The changes made in J&K and Ladakh will enable people to use and enjoy the same rights, privileges, and facilities as their citizens in the rest of the country. Jammu & Kashmir has also become the largest union territory (UT) in India in terms of the area while Ladakh has become 2 nd largest union territory after it comes into force. With the abrogation of Article 370, the tenure of the Jammu & Kashmir state Assembly has now become five years as in other parts of the state which till now had a special status with 6-year tenure.

Indian Panel Code (IPC) replaced the Ranbir Penal Code (RPC) to deal with criminal matters. With the addition of two new union territories, the total number of union territories is now 8 – Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Andaman, and Nicobar Island, Chandigarh, Lakshadweep, Delhi, Puducherry, Daman Diu, and Dadar & Nagar Haveli.

Abolition of privilege in Jammu and Kashmir

According to constitutional experts, two things have been said in the Constitution to abolish Article 370 – First, that the President can remove Article 370 with the consent of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly. Whereas the second provision is that under Article 368 of the Constitution, Parliament can abolish it by a two-thirds majority, because Article 368 empowers Parliament to amend or remove any Article of the Constitution.

Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act 2019

The Jammu and Kashmir State Reorganization Bill, presented by the current Home Minister of India Amit Shah, was passed in the Rajya Sabha on August 5, 2019, and in the Lok Sabha on 6 August 2019 and the President signed the bill on 9 August 2019, after which it took the form of an act. After the enactment of this Act, the rights enjoyed by Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 and Article 35A were abolished.

Effect of Removal of Article 370

The people of J&K do not have dual citizenship. They are now only the citizens of India. All central laws are applicable in Kashmir now. Now there is no separate law for Jammu and Kashmir. People from states can purchase land there. There is now a single flag, the Indian National Flag. Elections will be held every five years. The Indian Constitution laws will be 100 per cent applicable in Jammu and Kashmir.

Post the repeal of Article 370, doors to private investment in Jammu & Kashmir are opened, which helps in increasing the potential for development there. Increased investment leads to further improvement in employment generation and socio-economic infrastructure in the state.

Short Essay on Article 370 in English for Students

This short essay on Article 370 is suitable for students and children in classes 3, 4, 5, 6.

Regarding Kashmir, a poet has said that if there is a heaven on earth, then it is in Kashmir, but after independence and partition, Kashmir, which is called the heaven of the earth, has become a disputed region for many reasons. Article 370 has been one of the major controversies. The present government decided to establish peace in Kashmir by abolishing Article 370 in August 2019.

The special status given to Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 of the Constitution has been removed with notification of the President on 5 August 2019 . This is a bold move by the government reflecting strong political will. Henceforth, the Constitution of India will be fully applicable to Jammu and Kashmir , and any special exception provided later shall be abolished.

According to this act, Jammu Kashmir is divided into two parts, first Jammu Kashmir and second Ladakh . Jammu and Kashmir will have 4 seats in the Rajya Sabha, 5 seats in the Lok Sabha, and a total of 114 seats in the assembly. The Governor can nominate 2 women members in the Legislative Assembly.

Under this Act, the provision of dual citizenship, a separate constitution, and a separate flag of Jammu and Kashmir have been abolished. Disrespecting the tricolour and national symbols will now be considered a crime. Now any citizen of the country can buy property here, can do business, as well as get a job.

The police of the state have come under the authority of the centre, that is, being a union territory, the law and department will be controlled by the centre. Under Article 239A of Jammu and Kashmir, the Union Territory was created along with the Legislative Assembly of Puducherry, whose administration would be run by the Lieutenant Governor. Its tenure will be 5 years.

Speech on Article 370 in English in simple and easy words

Table of Contents

Speech on Article 370: Article 370 is an Article in the Constitution of India which gives special status to the northern state of Jammu and Kashmir. When India gained independence, the then ruler of Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh was left with an option of annexing with either India or Pakistan. Hari Singh rather chose to remain independent, till the Pakistani tribes attacked J&K. Thus Maharaja Hari Singh agreed to a conditional annexation with India. These conditions are specifically mentioned in Instrument of Accession that he signed on 26th October 1947. Later when the monarchy of J& K was abolished in 1952, most of the declarations in the instrument of Accession were incorporated in the Constitution by immediate government.

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Long and Short Speech on Article 370 in English

We are providing various speech on Article 370 under different words limit in simple and easy to understand language.

Following Article 370 speech have been written covering all the vital aspects of it.

Speech on Article 370 of Constitution of India – Speech 1

Speech on Article 370 of Constitution of India – Speech 2

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir- 10 Lines, 100, 500, 1000 Words

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in English: Embark on a comprehensive journey through the captivating landscape and intricate cultural tapestry of Jammu and Kashmir in this enlightening Essay on Jammu and Kashmir.

Explore the region’s rich history, diverse traditions, and the complex socio-political landscape that defines one of India’s most picturesque yet contested territories. Unveil the beauty of its landscapes, delve into the uniqueness of its arts and crafts, and gain insights into the challenges and aspirations that shape the identity of Jammu and Kashmir.

Short Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in 100 Words

Table of Contents

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in English in 10 Lines

“Delve into the diverse tapestry of Jammu and Kashmir in this insightful essay in English , exploring its rich history, cultural heritage, and the complexities that define its unique identity.”

Jammu and Kashmir, often referred to as “Paradise on Earth,” is a union territory in northern India.
Renowned for its breathtaking landscapes, it encompasses the snowy peaks of the Himalayas and the scenic Dal Lake.
The region has a diverse cultural heritage, influenced by Hindu, Muslim, and Buddhist traditions.
Jammu, known for its temples, serves as a hub for pilgrimage tourism.
Srinagar, the summer capital, is famous for its houseboats, gardens, and traditional handicrafts.
The state’s history is complex, marked by geopolitical disputes and conflicts.
Article 370, granting autonomy, was revoked in 2019, transforming Jammu and Kashmir into a union territory.
The decision sparked debates over regional autonomy, security concerns, and the future of the region.
Despite challenges, efforts continue to restore peace and promote economic development.
Jammu and Kashmir remain a captivating blend of natural beauty, cultural richness, and ongoing socio-political dynamics.

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in 100 Words – Short Essay

“Explore the multifaceted identity of Jammu and Kashmir in this concise essay, delving into its captivating landscapes, diverse cultural heritage, and the complexities that shape its unique socio-political landscape.”

Jammu and Kashmir, a union territory in northern India, is renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and diverse cultural heritage. The region, often called “Paradise on Earth,” boasts snow-capped Himalayan peaks and the picturesque Dal Lake.

Jammu, a hub of temples, contrasts with Srinagar, the summer capital known for houseboats and traditional crafts. The area’s history is complex, marked by geopolitical disputes and conflicts.

The revocation of Article 370 in 2019 transformed it into a union territory, sparking debates on autonomy and security. Despite challenges, efforts persist to restore peace and foster economic development in this captivating blend of natural beauty and cultural richness.

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in 500 Words in English

“Embark on a comprehensive exploration of Jammu and Kashmir’s rich history, diverse culture, scenic beauty, and complex geopolitical landscape in this illuminating 500-word Essay on Jammu and Kashmir.”

Jammu and Kashmir, a union territory located in the northern part of India, is a region of immense geographical diversity and cultural richness. Nestled amidst the towering peaks of the Himalayas, this land is often referred to as “Paradise on Earth” for its breathtaking landscapes. The state, before its reorganization in 2019, comprised three distinct regions: Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh.

Jammu, known for its temples and vibrant festivals, reflects a predominantly Hindu cultural influence. The Vaishno Devi shrine, a sacred Hindu pilgrimage site, attracts millions of devotees annually. The region’s topography transitions from the Shivalik foothills to the plains, offering a varied and picturesque landscape.

Kashmir, with its picturesque valleys, lakes, and gardens, is an epitome of natural beauty. Srinagar, the summer capital, is renowned for its houseboats on Dal Lake and Mughal gardens like Shalimar Bagh and Nishat Bagh. The cultural tapestry of Kashmir is a blend of Hindu and Muslim traditions, evident in its handicrafts, traditional attire, and festivals.

Ladakh, the eastern part of the region, is a high-altitude desert known for its stark beauty and Buddhist monasteries. The monastic festivals, such as Hemis Festival, offer a glimpse into Ladakh’s rich cultural heritage. The region’s strategic importance is highlighted by its proximity to the borders of China and Pakistan.

The history of Jammu and Kashmir is marked by complexity, geopolitical significance, and territorial disputes. During the partition of British India in 1947, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India, leading to conflicts with Pakistan. The Line of Control, established after several wars between India and Pakistan, divides the region into areas administered by both nations.

In 2019, the Indian government undertook a historic decision by abrogating Article 370, which granted special autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir. This move transformed the state into two separate union territories: Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. The decision was met with varied reactions, sparking discussions on regional autonomy, security concerns, and the political future of the region.

Challenges faced by Jammu and Kashmir include security concerns, economic development, and political stability. Insurgency and conflict have impacted the lives of the residents, necessitating efforts for lasting peace and reconciliation. The tourism potential of the region, with its natural beauty and cultural heritage, remains immense. Sustainable tourism initiatives aim to showcase the region’s splendor while preserving its ecological and cultural integrity.

The cultural heritage of Jammu and Kashmir is reflected in its traditional arts and crafts. Pashmina shawls, Kashmiri carpets, and intricate handicrafts are not only economic contributors but also symbols of the region’s artistic prowess. Efforts to promote these crafts globally contribute to the local economy.

Ongoing reconciliation efforts include dialogue, economic development, and outreach programs to address grievances and foster inclusivity among the diverse communities. Despite the challenges, the people of Jammu and Kashmir aspire to see their homeland thrive in peace, prosperity, and cultural harmony, embodying the true essence of the “Paradise on Earth.” The region remains an integral part of India’s narrative, blending a complex history with an enduring spirit for a brighter future.

1000 Words Essay on Jammu and Kashmir

“Embark on an extensive exploration of Jammu and Kashmir’s multifaceted identity, encompassing its rich history, cultural diversity, geographical splendor, and the socio-political dynamics that have shaped this captivating region, in this enlightening 1000-word essay.”

Introduction: A Land of Enchanting Diversity

Jammu and Kashmir, often referred to as the “Crown of India,” is a region of unparalleled beauty and complexity. Nestled in the northernmost part of the country, this union territory is characterized by breathtaking landscapes, rich cultural diversity, and a history marked by geopolitical intricacies.

Geography and Landscape – Nature’s Masterpiece

The geographical diversity of Jammu and Kashmir is a testament to nature’s grandeur. From the snow-capped peaks of the Himalayas to the serene valleys and pristine lakes, the region is a visual spectacle. The iconic Dal Lake in Srinagar, surrounded by houseboats and Mughal gardens, epitomizes the region’s picturesque charm.

Cultural Tapestry – A Melting Pot of Traditions

Jammu and Kashmir’s cultural fabric is woven with threads from Hindu, Muslim, and Buddhist traditions. The coexistence of diverse communities contributes to a rich and harmonious cultural mosaic. The vibrant Hindu influence in Jammu, the Kashmiri Muslim traditions in Srinagar, and the Buddhist heritage in Ladakh collectively create a cultural tapestry unique to the region.

Historical Significance – Complex Narratives

The history of Jammu and Kashmir is a complex narrative shaped by a confluence of events. The princely state’s accession to India post-independence sparked territorial disputes with Pakistan, leading to wars and conflicts. The Line of Control, established after Indo-Pak wars, delineates areas administered by the two nations, adding another layer of complexity to the historical context.

Article 370 and Change in Status – A Historic Transformation

In 2019, a historic decision reverberated through the region when the Indian government abrogated Article 370, thereby revoking Jammu and Kashmir’s special autonomy. The move was accompanied by the bifurcation of the state into two union territories: Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. This decision stirred debates on regional autonomy, security concerns, and the political trajectory of the region.

Challenges and Aspirations – Navigating Complex Realities

Jammu and Kashmir faces an array of challenges encompassing security concerns, economic development, and political stability. The region has witnessed conflicts and insurgency, impacting the lives of its residents. Ongoing efforts seek to address these challenges, with a focus on restoring peace, promoting tourism, and fostering economic growth.

Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts – Artistry Beyond Boundaries

The region’s cultural heritage finds expression in its traditional arts and crafts. Pashmina shawls, Kashmiri carpets, and intricate handicrafts not only reflect the artistic prowess of the region but also contribute significantly to the local economy. These crafts serve as cultural ambassadors, attracting admirers from around the world.

Tourism Potential – Beyond the Obvious

Jammu and Kashmir’s tourism potential is immense, drawing visitors with its natural beauty, historical sites, and cultural richness. Sustainable tourism initiatives aim to showcase the region’s splendor while preserving its ecological and cultural integrity. Despite the challenges, the allure of the region remains undiminished.

Ongoing Reconciliation Efforts – Nurturing Peaceful Coexistence

Reconciliation efforts play a pivotal role in the region’s journey toward lasting peace. Dialogue, economic development, and outreach programs seek to address grievances and foster a sense of inclusivity and belonging among the diverse communities that call Jammu and Kashmir home.

Conclusion: Jammu and Kashmir – Balancing Beauty and Complexity

In conclusion, Essay on Jammu and Kashmir emerges as a region that seamlessly balances its enchanting natural beauty with the complexities of its historical, cultural, and political landscape. From the towering peaks of the Himalayas to the shores of Dal Lake, every facet of the region tells a story of resilience, diversity, and an enduring spirit that navigates through challenges to carve a path toward a brighter future. The region, with its multifaceted identity, remains an integral part of India’s narrative, inviting exploration, understanding, and an appreciation for the delicate dance between beauty and complexity.

The Essay on Jammu and Kashmir delves into Jammu and Kashmir’s captivating blend of natural splendor, cultural richness, and geopolitical intricacies. From the Himalayan peaks to the serene Dal Lake, the region’s beauty intertwines with a complex history and diverse traditions.

As Jammu and Kashmir navigates challenges and aspirations, it stands as a testament to resilience. The multifaceted tapestry of this union territory invites exploration, fostering an appreciation for its unique identity in the vast landscape of India.

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All You Need to Know About a 500-word Essay

16 min read

Published on: Mar 10, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 30, 2024

What is a 500-Word Essay?

A 500-word essay is basically an essay with three sections that give clear depictions of an occasion or any item. This type of essay is a common article design that can be followed for composing any sort of exposition, for example, a descriptive essay, an argumentative essay, and so forth.

A 500-word essay is mostly doled out at secondary schools and universities. Almost every other student faces it multiple times throughout academic life. It doesn't have any broad heading, so you can show all your latent capacity by not relying on the subject and theme.

How to Format a 500-Word Essay?

The format of a 500-word essay is very simple and very similar to other types of essay formats. The only thing that makes it different is the essay length.

As the word count for this type of essay is less, thus the length of the paragraphs is also small, and the word count ranges from 75-125 words.

Each paragraph has 3-5 sentences. These sentences must be well-written so that despite being short in length, the sentence can explain its purpose.

Here is a standard format of a 500-word essay that has the following components with examples of each component.

The introduction is responsible for keeping the reader engaged. It provides a brief overview of the overall essay and contains the thesis statement for the essay topic.

It provides background information about your essayâs topic and mentions why you chose this topic in particular.

Also, there is a hook statement in the introduction paragraph. This is a statement that usually is a verse or a famous quotation. It is used as an opening sentence for the essay.

For Example

After the introduction, the body of the essay starts. The body paragraphs make the body of an essay. For a 500-word essay, particularly, there are usually 4-6 paragraphs.

Each paragraph discusses a key element and provides the required evidence to give it a logical sense.

Like the body paragraph of any other essay, the paragraphs of the 500-word essay start with a topic sentence. This sentence acts as an introduction to the paragraph.

Each paragraph should end with a transition sentence to show a connection with the upcoming part.

Make sure that such a body paragraph is meaningful yet in a comprehensive form.

Here is a sample body paragraph to help you craft a winning 500-word essay

A conclusion paragraph is the extract of the whole essay. The writing skills of a writer are judged by the way they conclude an essay.

Writing the conclusion is the most complicated part of essay writing. To write a good conclusion, the writer must logically summarize all the key elements and reiterate the thesis statement.

Whatever is mentioned in the conclusion should give the reader a sense of closure and completion.

Let's continue with the cell phone example for a better understanding of the conclusion phase.

500 Word Vs. 250 Word Essay

500-word scholarship essays provide you with a significantly greater degree of writing freedom than 250-word ones. When you're given fewer words, it can be tricky to express your views in concise and effective phrases without sacrificing clarity.

With 500 words at hand though, you have ample space to make sure that all the facets of your opinion are expressed - yet don't need footnotes and cited resources as often!

500 Word Essay Vs. 1000 Word Essay

The length of a 500-word essay and a 1000-word essay is quite different.

While a 500-word essay may not require much outside research or citations, it still requires more focus and organization than a 1000-word essay.

A 1000-word essay requires far more time and effort to write than a 500-word essay. Plus, it requires you to be more thorough in your research, analysis, and composition. It will also require you to use a greater degree of critical thinking skills when making arguments.

Additionally, a 1000-word essay may call for the use of outside sources to support points or draw conclusions. Thus, writing a 1000-word essay can be a much more challenging task than writing a 500-word essay.

How Long is a 500-word Essay?

You must be wondering how long exactly a 500-word essay is? As it is a very easy style of composing an essay, so every student prefers to complete it right away and get back to other activities.

One of the interesting facts about this essay type is that it is even shorter than we think. It depends on the formatting style, sizing, and spacing a writer chooses to use. If a writer wants a double-spaced writing format, that is also acceptable for writing such an essay.

To make sure that you write the essay with perfection, understand all the requirements provided by your instructor to compose this type of essay.

500-Word Essay Sample (PDF)

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How to Write a 500-word Essay?

Writing a 500-word essay is a very simple task to do. But things might get complicated if you do not follow a standard way of writing.

The following are the steps you should consider while writing a 500-word essay.

Before you start writing an essay, the first thing you should do is to understand the requirements provided by your instructor.

Understanding the requirements will help you to complete your essay without any mess and up to the mark. Proceeding according to the requirements will keep you composed through the essay writing process.

Once you have understood all the requirements, the next step is to think of some interesting ideas. Brainstorming helps you to use the creativity of your mind, especially when it comes to essay writing.

Note down all the elements that you come up with within your mind. Make a rough list of all the ideas and later on organize them to compose an effective essay.

After you have understood all the instructions and spent enough time brainstorming different ideas, it is time you choose a topic.

Always choose a unique and interesting topic. A good topic is highly responsible for making your essay attractive. Also, try that you have selected a topic that is not overdone. An overdone and repetitive topic would make your audience boring.

For a 500-word essay, a topic must be very interesting as you have to make the essay interesting within a very limited word count. Make sure that you choose such a topic about which you can easily collect evidence and facts to support it and make it stronger.

Conducting research on the selected topic is an essential part of essay writing. The research will help you collect all the relevant information that is necessary to make your essay stronger.

Also, researching a topic will make the writing process very smooth for you as you will have all the information that is needed for the essay.

Collect all information only from reliable sources as you donât want to misguide your audience.

The outline is an element of an essay that can save time, make things easy, and earn a better grade.

Just write down all the main features and arguments you want to discuss in your 500-word essay. This will help you to get back on track if you forget the things you wanted to write about.

Moreover, your essay will always be structured and clear, so the audience will read it easily and will follow your thoughts without any challenges.

Since you have your topic and all the information related to the topic thus, you are all set to start writing your essay.

Essay writing starts with writing an introduction. As you are writing an essay of 500 words, an introduction should have only one paragraph. In that paragraph, you should explain the main topic and its importance and also the thesis statement.

After introducing the topic, state the body paragraph, and explain all the key elements in it. Usually, there are three body paragraphs in such essays to explain different key elements.

Donât forget to add transition words, which will make the text smooth and readable. Also, ensure that you use the standard font styles, preferably Arial or Times New Roman.

The same as an introduction, your conclusion should be one paragraph long. Summarize all the key elements in a very precise way and do not add any new points.

Devoting some extra time to proofreading, revision, and editing can make your essay a whole lot better.

This is the simplest thing to do, but most students still skip it and make the biggest mistake. Proofreading ensures that there are no mistakes left behind in your document.

Always make sure that you revise your essay at least once and do the required editing.

Watch this video that shows cases the 5 common mistakes you might make in your 500-word essay writing. Learn how to avoid them to get the desired grade.

500-Word Essay Examples

To understand any type of essay, one needs to look into some good examples. Unfortunately, when it comes to writing a 500-word essay, things become a bit technical for the writer.

To understand the method of writing a good 500-word essay on any topic, look at the following 500-word essay sample pdf examples.

Leadership essays are written to discuss all the qualities of being a leader. Look at the given example and learn how you can write a 500-word essay on leadership

500-Word Essay on Leadership (PDF)

500-word essay writing assignments are often assigned to high school students. If you are a high school and want to see how you can perfectly write such an essay, look at the example given below.

500-Word Essay for High School (PDF)

Our changing environment is an important issue these days. An essay can be composed of different things related to it. The given example is a 500-word essay that discusses the environment in general.

500-Word Essay on the Environment (PDF)

Punctuality is one of the significant qualities of an individual. A well-written 500-word essay on punctuality is mentioned below to help you through.

500-Word Essay on Punctuality (PDF)

Teachers are the backbone of any educational system, and they play an essential role in developing studentsâ skills. However, many students aspiring teachers get confused writing 500-word essays due to their shortened length. Here is an example to help you out.

500 Word Essay on Why I Want to be a Teacher

Writing on nursing topics helps you to develop an understanding of the complexities of this field while also honing critical thinking skills. Below is a 500-word essay that can help future nurses.

500 Word Essay on Why I Want to be a Nurse

Honesty is an important value that must be cultivated in students from a young age. It helps to establish trust between individuals and sets the foundation for strong character development. Below is a 500 word essay on honesty to guide you on how to write on such a theme.

500 Word Essay on Honesty

500-word essay on why I deserve a scholarship is often dreaded among students. These essays require you to shorten yet express a compelling story that can win over the panel. Here is a pdf to help you out.

500 Word Essay On Why I Deserve a Scholarship PDF

Anger management is a difficult topic to tackle. It requires you to find effective solutions and ideas within such a limited word count. Check out the example given below for help.

500 Word Essay on Anger

The Second World War is one of the most important events in human history and its impact can still be felt today. Writing a 500-word essay on this subject requires research, understanding, and war insight. Below is a sample to help you get an idea about how to tackle such a topic.

500 word essay on ww2

Now that you know exactly what a 500 word essay looks like. Continue reading to select the perfect 500-word essay topic.

Great 500-Word Essay Topics

This type of essay is mostly assigned to high school and middle school students. The following are some amazing topics for 500-word essays.

Difference between Love and passion.
The love story of Romeo and Juliet.
Why is there a belief that marriage destroys love?
A religious aspect of love.
What is real love?
Is it possible to make a person truly love somebody?
The influence of love on a personâs life?
Why is real love often depicted in fairy tales?
How to write a 100 words essay in Times New Roman?
Can animals feel love for their owners?
The effects of single space formatting in an essay.
A journey to remember.
How to prepare for an exam?
Thoughts on spacecraft?
How do people earn from the Internet?
How can money influence people?
How can disabilities be a challenge?
Carrying guns by people underage.
Telling lies is sometimes useful.
Why is smoking the greatest threat to youngsters?

Writing assignments can be really daunting sometimes. To write an essay perfectly, you need to have strong writing skills and a lot of time to complete it. Instead of being stressed out, the best option is to seek professional help.

At CollegeEssay.org , we have a qualified team of expert writer who can take care of any writing assignment. From writing a good college essay to providing you with the best research paper, we have got you covered.

You can always make the most of AI essay writing tools to refine and enhance your writing skills.

Get in touch with us now and place an order now for your 500-word scholarship essay or any other essay you need. We provide you with the best custom essay writing service and an amazing experience.

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

How many pages is a 500 word essay.

A 500-word essay page is approximately one page single-spaced, or two pages double-spaced. This may vary depending on your writing style and font size.Usually time new roman 12 is used. Typically, a 500 word essay will be about one page single or two pages double spaced.

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Essay Writing Guide

500 Word Essay

Last updated on: Nov 20, 2023

Writing a 500 Word Essay - Easy Guide

By: Nova A.

Reviewed By: Chris H.

Published on: Jan 8, 2019

Are you staring at a blank page, trying to write a 500-word essay? Don't worry, you're not alone!

Many students face this challenge when tasked with writing a concise yet impactful piece. A 500-word essay is a common task often assigned to high school and college students.

Writing a 500-word essay can be quite difficult as you have to cover all the important points in a few words. However, this is where you can show all your potential.

Read on to learn how to write a perfect 500-word essay with this step by step guide. You will also get to read some good example essays to help you out.

Let’s dive into it!

On this Page

500 Word Essay Definition

A 500-word essay is a short length academic essay. It provides a writer’s perspective on a particular topic. It is usually assigned to high school and college students to teach them necessary essay writing skills.

Every type of essay can follow the 500-word essay format, including:

Persuasive essay
Descriptive essay
Argumentative essay
Expository essay
Narrative essay

This means that you can write any type of essay in the 500-word format.

How to Write a 500 Word Essay

A 500-word essay is an opportunity to show and improve your writing skills. Here are the steps you need to follow to write your essay:

Make an Essay Outline

An outline is a roadmap that guides you through the different sections of your essay. It is important to make an outline before you start writing. This ensures a well-structured and coherent piece.

A 500-word essay is usually composed of five paragraphs. Here’s what you need to create an outline:

The main topic of the essay
The central thesis statement
The main point or topic sentence for each body paragraph
Supporting points for body paragraphs

This is what your outline will look like:

Write a Good Introduction

An introduction plays an important role in making an impression on the reader’s mind. The readers decide on the basis of the introduction, whether they want to read the rest of the essay or not.

Here is how you can compose the introduction paragraph:

It should start with a strong hook that grabs the reader’s attention immediately.
Provide a little background information that helps the reader understand the topic
Conclude the intro with a compelling thesis statement that you will support in the body.

Here is an example:

Compose the Body Paragraphs

The body section is intended to provide a detailed description of the topic. It gives complete information about the essay topic and presents the writer’s point of view in detail. Following are the elements of the body section:.

Topic sentence

The first sentence of the body paragraph. It presents the main point that will be discussed in the paragraph.

Supporting evidence

It could be any points or evidence that support your main thesis.

Transition statement

This statement relates the body paragraph back to the thesis, and also connects it with the subsequent paragraph.

Draft a Compelling Conclusion

The conclusion paragraph summarizes the whole essay and presents the final thoughts on the topic. It is as important as the introduction paragraph. Below are the things you include in the conclusion paragraphs:

Restate the thesis statement
Summarize the essay
Provide final thoughts or a call to action

Want to become a master at writing essays? Check out our essay writing guide to become an excellent writer who can craft all types of essays!

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500 Word Essay Format

Here is how you format a 500 word essay in general:

A common font style like Calibri, Arial, or Times New Roman
1” margins on both sides
Line spacing: double-spaced
Alignment: Left

Remember, these are general guidelines. Always follow the specific page formatting guidelines provided by your instructor.

Frequently Asked Questions about Writing a 500 Word Essay

Many things come up in your mind when you get to write a 500-word essay. You might want to know the length, outline, time required to write the essay, and many more things.

Below are some common questions that you may ask yourself while writing a short essay.

How Long is a 500 Word Essay?

“How many pages is a 500-word essay?”

An essay length of a 500-word essay is usually 1 to 2 pages. If it is single-spaced, it covers just 1-page. When double-spaced, it covers 2 pages.

When it comes to spacing, stick to the instructions given by your professor.

How Many Paragraphs is a 500 Word Essay?

The standard 500-word essay template has 5 paragraphs. It has one introduction, three body paragraphs, and one conclusion paragraph.

The word count is divided into 5 paragraphs evenly. The introduction and conclusion are 100 words long each. While the body paragraphs need to be 300 words long.

How Long Does it Take to Write a 500 Word Essay?

It would take no more than an hour or two to write a complete 500-word essay. Especially if you have enough information about the topic, you can easily write your essay within an hour.

What is the difference between 500 words essay vs 250 words essay

The word count of an essay plays a significant role in shaping its structure, content, and depth of analysis. A 500-word essay is a bit more detailed and longer than a 250-word essay. A 250-word essay is composed of three paragraphs maximum. Meanwhile a 500-word essay should contain at least five paragraphs.

What is the difference between 500 words essay vs 1000 words essay

Here is a major difference between 500-word essay and a 1000-word essay:

With a 500-word essay, you have a limited word count, which necessitates a concise and focused approach. You must carefully select your arguments, provide succinct evidence, and present a coherent analysis.

On the other hand, a 1000-word essay allows for a more extensive exploration of the topic. It provides the opportunity to delve into multiple subtopics and offer more supporting evidence.

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500 Word Essay Topics

Below are some interesting topics to help you get started on your essay.

Should gun ownership be restricted
My Favorite Place
Should healthcare be free?
The benefits of volunteering in the local community
Is hunting for food moral?
The importance of personal responsibility
How I spent my summer vacation
Describe an ideal personality
What is Climate Change?
The importance of sports for teenagers

Need more ideas? We’ve got you covered! Check out 100+ amazing essay topics to help you out!

500 Word Essay Example

Now you have a guide for writing a 500-word essay, have a look at the following example to have a more clear understanding.

500 WORD ESSAY ON COVID-19 (PDF)

500 WORD ESSAY ON WHY I WANT TO BE A NURSE (PDF)

500 Words Essay on Why I Deserve a Scholarship

500 WORD ESSAY ON PUNCTUALITY (PDF)

500 WORD ESSAY ON LEADERSHIP (PDF)

500 WORD ESSAY ON HONESTY (PDF)

FREE 500 WORD ESSAY ON RESPONSIBILITY (PDF)

500 WORD ESSAY EXAMPLE FOR COLLEGE (PDF)

With the help of this step by step guide and essay examples, you can easily craft a perfect essay. However, if you need more help, you can contact us anytime.

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As a Digital Content Strategist, Nova Allison has eight years of experience in writing both technical and scientific content. With a focus on developing online content plans that engage audiences, Nova strives to write pieces that are not only informative but captivating as well.

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Essay on Article 370 of Indian Constitution
Long Essay on Article 370 - (500 words) Introduction. Article 370 is a temporary provision in the Constitution of India. It provides special autonomous status to the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The provisions of the Indian Constitution that are applicable to other states of India are not applicable to J&K.
Article 370 of the Indian Constitution Essay
Find below a 200-word essay on article 370 of the Indian constitution essay for students of classes 1,2,3,4,5 and 6, and also for UPSC civil services aspirants. Article 370, which was introduced to the Indian constitution first in the year 1949, has been in place for more than 6 decades now. The instrument of accession was signed by the then ...
Article 370 Essay for Students in English
The Article 370 in English essay explains how Article 370 was incorporated to keep the residents of Jammu and Kashmir under a Law that is different from the rest of the Country. The different Laws include those relating to citizenship Rights, ownership of property Rights, and different fundamental Rights. Due to these separate Laws, Indians ...
Essay on Article 370 of indian constitution
In this Article 370 essay, we will learn about article 370 Kashmir, who drafted article 370 & when was article 370 removed. On 5 August 2019, the President of India issued the Constitution (Application for Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019 in the exercise of the powers conferred by clause (1) of Article 370 of the Constitution. ...
Speech On Article 370
10 Lines On Article 370 Speech In English. Article 370 of the Indian Constitution was formed on October 17th, 1949. It empowered the state of Jammu and Kashmir to form its Constitution other than the Indian Constitution. Under the Article, dual citizenship was available to the residents. A tenure of 6 years was provided to the state government.
Speech on Article 370 for Students and Children
Speech on Article 370. Hello All. I am here to deliver a speech on article 370. This has been the most discussed topic in recent times. Since Independence, It gave special status to J & K. We all Indians use to subconsciously think about it, majority of us had apprehensions about it, we wanted it to be scrapped, we wanted it to get removed as ...
Speech on Article 370 for Students in English
Speech on Article 370: Article 370 of the Indian constitution offers special powers to J&K. The land in J&K is widely disputed; therefore, special provisions were created. ... Speech on Article 370 in 500 Words. Below we have provided a speech on Article 370 in English, written in easy and simple words for class 7, 8, 9 and 10 school students. ...
Article 370: Decoding the Supreme Court Verdict
On 11 th December 2023, the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India delivered a historic judgment on the abrogation of Articles 370 and 35A.Through its judgment, the Court has upheld the sovereignty and integrity of India, something that every Indian cherishes.The Supreme Court observed that the decision taken on 5 th August 2019 to abrogate Article 370 which ended the special status of the erstwhile ...
Essay on Article 370
History. Article 370 Essay — Article 370 was included in the Constitution of India on October 17, 1949.Jammu & Kashmir was exempted from the Indian Constitution (except Article 1 and Article 370 only). This allowed Jammu and Kashmir to draft their own constitution and restricted the legislative powers of Parliament with respect to Jammu and Kashmir.
Article 370
Facts on Article 370. Article 370 - Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, (a) The provisions of Article 238 shall not apply in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir; (b) The power of Parliament to make laws for the said State shall be limited to.
Long and Short Speech on Article 370 in English in simple and easy words
Article 370 is an Article in the Constitution of India which gives special status to the northern state of Jammu and Kashmir. When India gained independence, the then ruler of Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh was left with an option of annexing with either India or Pakistan. Hari Singh rather chose to remain independent, till the Pakistani tribes ...
SC Verdict on Article 370: Background, Impacts, Criticism
The Supreme Court of India delivered a landmark judgment on December 11, 2023 upholding the constitutional validity of the abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution. This provision had granted special autonomous status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. In a unanimous verdict by a five-judge Constitution bench, the apex court ruled ...
Essay on Article 370 of the Indian Constitution in 500 Words
All this came to a sudden halt when article 370 was abrogated in 2019. As this article 370 of the Indian constitution essay in being written, a curfew is imposed all over the state of Jammu and Kashmir, for over a year now, to prevent unrest and violence in the state as a result of the abrogation of article 370.
Essay on Article 370 of Indian Constitution in English for Children
Long Essay on Article 370 - (500 words) Introduction. Article 370 is a temporary provision in the Constitution of India. It provides special autonomous status to the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The provisions of the Indian Constitution that are applicable to other states of India are not applicable to J&K.
Essay on Article 370
The first essay is a long essay on article 360 in English (1000 words). This long Article 370 essay is suitable for students of classes 7, 8, 9 and 10, 11, 12 and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on article 360 in English of 300 words. These are suitable for students and children in classes 3, 4, 5, 6.
Speech on Article 370 in English in simple and easy words
Speech on Article 370: Article 370 is an Article in the Constitution of India which gives special status to the northern state of Jammu and Kashmir. When India gained independence, the then ruler of Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh was left with an option of annexing with either India or Pakistan. Hari Singh rather chose to remain independent, till ...
PDF Abrogation of Article 370 of The Indian Constitution: an ...
article 370. This article under the Indian constitution and unequal federalism, bureaucratic limitation on amending power, ARTICLE 370, and provisional constitutionalism. The result shows that article 370 cannot be deleted by the presented without the official recommendation under the constitutional rights of the constituent assembly. Clause 3 ...
Essay on Article 370 of the Indian Constitution in 150 Words
And ever since 1949, article 370, which was supposed to be a temporary provision in the Indian constitution, has been in place for more than 6 decades now. Article 370 empowers the state of Jammu and Kashmir to have its own constitution and laws which fall under both concurrent and union list, except for the matter of finance, communication ...
Essay on Jammu and Kashmir- 10 Lines, 100, 500, 1000 Words
Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in 500 Words in English ... Article 370 and Change in Status - A Historic Transformation. In 2019, a historic decision reverberated through the region when the Indian government abrogated Article 370, thereby revoking Jammu and Kashmir's special autonomy. The move was accompanied by the bifurcation of the state ...
Article 370 Essay
Essay on Article 370 Through this essay on Article 370, one will learn how Article 370 of the Indian Constitution gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir, which is located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. This state has been administered by India since 1954. The Article is drafted in part XXI of […]
500 Word Essay
Here is a standard format of a 500-word essay that has the following components with examples of each component. Introduction. The introduction is responsible for keeping the reader engaged. It provides a brief overview of the overall essay and contains the thesis statement for the essay topic.
500 Word Essay
The standard 500-word essay template has 5 paragraphs. It has one introduction, three body paragraphs, and one conclusion paragraph. The word count is divided into 5 paragraphs evenly. The introduction and conclusion are 100 words long each. While the body paragraphs need to be 300 words long.

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