different methods of data presentation pdf

Statements. The most common way of presentation of data is in the form of statements. This works best for simple observations, such as: "When viewed by light microscopy, all of the cells appeared dead." When data are more quantitative, such as- "7 out of 10 cells were dead", a table is the preferred form. Tables.

Data can be presented in one of the three wa ys: - as text; - in tabular form; or. - in graphical form. Methods of presenta tion must be determined according. to the data format, the method ...

the United States. To make sense out of these data, a researcher must organize and summarize the data in some systematic fashion. In this chapter, we review three such methods used by social scientists: (1) the creation of frequency distributions, (2) the construction of bivar - iate tables and (3) the use of graphic presentation.

He/she obtains data from the new process and compares this against data that are available for the old process. So now there are two sets of data and information must be extracted from those two sets and a decision reached. That is, the engineer must compute statistics (such as averages) from each set of data that would be used in reaching a ...

A method of presentation must be chosen after carefully weighing the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of presentation. For easy comparison of different methods of presentation, let us look at a table (Table 1) and a line graph (Fig. 1) that present the same information . If one wishes to compare or introduce two values at a ...

12. Chapter 2 Data and Data Presentation. study the variable values must show variation. That is, the range of possible values should be wide enough to describe the differences. In the shopping center example, the variable has two values, "For" and "Against", that represent the differences of opinions.

The collection, organization, and presentation of data are basic background mate-rial for learning descriptive and inferential statistics and their applications. In this chapter, we first discuss sources of data and methods of collecting them. Then we explore in detail the presentation of data in tables and graphs. Finally, we use both

This chapter deals with presentation of data precisely so that the voluminous data collected could be made usable readily and are easily comprehended. There are generally three forms of presentation of. Textual or Descriptive presentation. Tabular presentation. Diagrammatic presentation. 2.

Forms of presentation Communicate to your audience the meaning of the data using the summary statistics in an informative and interesting manner that is easy to understand: •Tables are useful for presenting data and statistics in numeric form •Charts and graphs may be used to highlight key patterns and trends in a graphical form

The following graphical presentations of data are common in industry. Examples are used as for different types of data presentations as shown in Table 1.1. 1. Pareto diagrams are common in quality data presentations. They are used to rank the variables that are being plotted, either singly or in groups. They can be used as bar charts or pie charts.

Histogram, Smoothed frequency graph, Pie diagram or Pie chart, Cumulative or ogive frequency graph, and Frequency Polygon. Tags: Types of Presentation. How to present the data in a way that even the clueless person in the room can understand? Check out our 10 methods of data presentation for a better idea.

These sample graphs are of numbers of insects of three different species found in plants growing at different densities. A: The independent variable on the x-axis is plant density and the dependent variable on the y-axis is the raw number of insects. B: The mean number of insects is the dependent variable. C: Two kinds of data are presented on ...

Here, the interval width is too large, resulting in only two intervals for our data. With such few intervals it is difficult to identify any patterns in the data. We can get a better idea about what is going on if we choose a smaller interval width - say 5. Doing so gives the following stem and leaf plot: 2 4.

We distinguish three basically di erent methods of collecting data. These are. Extraction of data from records. Self-administered questionnaire. Direct investigation-measurement (observation) of the subject and interviewing (face-to-face, telephone) our rst step is to decide on which of these three methods to use.

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION. 4.0 Introduction. This chapter is concerned with data pres entation, of the findings obtained through the study. The. findings are presented in ...

collected through enquiry. A table represen ts sum mary of the data by usin g columns and rows. entering figures in the body of table. 12.2 PURPOSE OF THE TABULATION. The purposes of tables and ...

Encourage the eye to compare different pieces of data. Reveal the data at several levels of detail, from a broad overview to the fine structure. Serve a clear purpose: description, exploration, tabulation, or decoration. Be closely integrated with the statistical and verbal descriptions of the data set. From E. R. Tufte.

Classification is a preliminary and it prepares the ground for proper presentation of data. Definitions: Raw data: recorded information in its original collected form, whether it be counts or measurements, is referred to as raw data. Frequency: is the number of values in a specific class of the distribution.

A data describes a single quality or quantity of some object or phenomenon. In analytical processes, data are represented by variables. • Data presentation is a method by which people organize, summarize and communicate information using a variety of tools such as text , tables , graphs and diagrams. 4. CLASSIFICATION.

There are many methods of descriptive statistics to describe data from a research sample. This chapter presents methods of calculating, organizing, and displaying some descriptive statistics. In ...

structures of data presentation as, the sentence, the table, and the graphic, and commented that th e sentence only really allowed the presentation of two numbers and prevented comparisons.[1] When

Data is the basis of information, reasoning, or calcul ation, it is analysed to obtain. information. Data analysis is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and data. modeling with the ...

The data presentation is one of the segments of the methodology in every research depending on the approach. The methodology, therefore, refers to the design and the theory that underpins the ...