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Pakistan: Five major issues to watch in 2023

Subscribe to the center for middle east policy newsletter, madiha afzal madiha afzal fellow - foreign policy , center for middle east policy , strobe talbott center for security, strategy, and technology @madihaafzal.

January 13, 2023

1. Political instability, polarization, and an election year

Politics will likely consume much of Pakistan’s time and attention in 2023, as it did in 2022. The country’s turn to political instability last spring did not end with a dramatic no-confidence vote in parliament last April that ousted then Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan from office. Instability and polarization have only heightened since then: Khan has led a popular opposition movement against the incumbent coalition government and the military, staging a series of large rallies across the country through the year.

The struggle for power in Pakistan continues into 2023. While the incumbent government has not ceded to Khan’s demand for early elections, country-wide elections are constitutionally mandated to be held by October this year. It benefits the government politically to hold them off as long as it possibly can as it tries to dig itself out of Pakistan’s urgent economic crisis and its lackluster domestic performance (its diplomatic foreign policy approach has fared better, but that may not matter for elections). The last year has cost it precious political capital, and Khan’s party did very well in a set of by-elections held in July and October. The state has tried to mire Khan and his party in legal cases, relying on a familiar playbook used against opposition politicians in Pakistan, albeit to limited effect, with the courts’ involvement.

Khan’s party still controls two of Pakistan’s four provinces, Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), and the incumbent federal government’s (extra-legal) efforts to try to wrest power from it in Punjab, the largest province, have been unsuccessful (thanks to the courts). The year is off to a dramatic start, with Khan’s party initiating the process to dissolve the Punjab and KP assemblies this month to pressure the federal government into early elections.

For politics-obsessed Pakistan, the biggest question remains who will win the next general election. Will former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif (brother of current Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif) return to Pakistan to run as the head of his party, the PML-N? Can Imran Khan win on the strength of his popular support, despite his confrontation with the military? Regardless of the outcome, we can say this much given the histories of the main contenders: The direction of the country is unlikely to change.

2. A precarious economic situation

Pakistan’s economy has been in crisis for months, predating the summer’s catastrophic floods. Inflation is backbreaking, the rupee’s value has fallen sharply, and its foreign reserves have now dropped to the precariously low level of $4.3 billion, enough to cover only one month’s worth of imports, raising the possibility of default.

An economic crisis comes around every few years in Pakistan, borne out of an economy that doesn’t produce enough and spends too much, and is thus reliant on external debt. Every successive crisis is worse as the debt bill gets larger and payments become due. This year, internal political instability and the flooding catastrophe have worsened it. There is a significant external element to the crisis as well, with rising global food and fuel prices in the wake of Russia’s war in Ukraine. The combination of all these factors has spelled perhaps the greatest economic challenge Pakistan has ever seen. Yet the government has been mired in politicking, and the release of a $1.1 billion loan tranche from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) remains stalled as Islamabad has pushed back on the IMF’s conditions. The government has now resorted to limiting imports and shutting down malls and wedding halls early, small measures that fail to adequately address the problem.

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Pakistan may end up avoiding default for the time being with IMF help and loans from friendly countries, especially Saudi Arabia and other Gulf nations. But those won’t address the clear underlying malaise of the economy – and the fact that something fundamentally will need to change, in terms of how much the economy produces versus how much it spends, to avoid default down the road. But none of Pakistan’s political parties seem to have the political will or ability to bring about such change.

Pakistan must reportedly pay back $73 billion by 2025; it won’t be able to do so without debt restructuring.

3. Flood recovery

A “ monsoon on steroids ” – directly linked to climate change – caused a summer of flooding in Pakistan so catastrophic that it has repeatedly been described as biblical. It left a third of the country under water – submerging entire villages – killed more than 1,700, destroyed homes, infrastructure, and vast cropland, and left millions displaced.

More than four months after the worst of the flooding, nearly 90,000 people are still displaced from their homes, and the floodwater is still standing in some areas. It would be enormously difficult for any country to recover from such a disaster and rebuild lost infrastructure, including roads and schools, let alone a government dealing with a cash crunch like Pakistan’s.

But the Pakistani government – in particular the foreign minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, who has visited the United States twice since the summer, and the minister for climate change, Sherry Rehman – has done an admirable job bringing awareness of the flooding catastrophe to the world stage. A donors’ conference Sharif co-hosted with the United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres in Geneva this month raised pledges for more than $9 billion for flood recovery over the next three years (the money is mostly in the form of project loans). Pakistan has also played an important role in discussions about the devastating effects of climate change on developing nations, spearheading the effort to place loss and damage on the agenda at COP27 for the first time, and pushing for COP delegates in Egypt to agree to a loss and damage fund.

With billions of dollars in help promised, the government has passed one hurdle. But the road for recovery ahead will be tough: Displaced people are still sleeping under open skies in Sindh province. Implementing a sustainable recovery will require enormous capacity, resources, and transparency in a country already mired in other troubles.

4. Mounting insecurity

The Pakistani Taliban (or TTP), the terrorist group responsible for killing tens of thousands of Pakistanis from 2007 to 2014, have been emboldened – predictably so – by a Taliban-ruled Afghanistan, and once again pose a threat to Pakistan, albeit in a geographically limited region (for now). The group engaged in at least 150 attacks in Pakistan last year, mostly in the northwest. Because the TTP have sanctuary in Afghanistan, the Pakistani state increasingly finds itself out of options when it comes to dealing effectively with the group. The state’s negotiations with the TTP have failed repeatedly, as they are bound to, because the group is fundamentally opposed to the notion of the Pakistani state and constitution as it exists today. The Afghan Taliban have, unsurprisingly, also not proved to be of help in dealing with the TTP – and Pakistan’s relations with the Afghan Taliban have deteriorated significantly at the same time over other issues, including the border dividing the two countries.

At this point, Pakistan’s first preference will be to strike kinetically at TTP targets within its borders, but that will be limited by TTP movement across the border into Afghanistan. That movement is what leaves Pakistan with the difficult-to-resolve TTP issue and complicates things beyond the military operation it launched against the group in 2014. Still, the Pakistani Taliban at this point is not the biggest threat Pakistan faces, given the country’s major political and economic challenges – but left unchecked, it could morph into a significant crisis.

5. Civil-military relations

Pakistan has a new chief of army staff as of November 29 last year. General Asim Munir replaced General Qamar Javed Bajwa, who had held the all-powerful post for six years (due to a three-year extension). The appointment of the army chief was a subject of considerable political contention last year; a major part of the reason Khan was ousted from power was his falling out with the military on questions over the appointments of top army officials.

All eyes are now on how civil-military relations shape up under Munir. Under Bajwa, the military solidified its control over all manner of policy behind the scenes. Bajwa presided over a close “same-page” relationship with Khan; when that frayed, the PML-N was eager to take Khan’s place as the military’s ally and head of the civilian government. Bajwa left office saying the army would no longer be involved in political matters; few in Pakistan believe him. With politics set to dominate the agenda this year and an election imminent, Munir has a chance to show the country whether he will follow in his predecessor’s footsteps, or chart a new course for civil-military relations in Pakistan. Pakistan’s history indicates the former.

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Current Affairs 2023, Download PDF

Current Affairs 2023

Oliveboard, a leading online learning platform, offers comprehensive and current affairs content for competitive exam aspirants. With reliable information across fields like politics, economy, science, sports, and more, Oliveboard keeps learners updated. It provides daily news updates, curated articles, quizzes, and mock tests, helping individuals enhance their knowledge and stay ahead in a competitive landscape. Oliveboard’s commitment to quality current affairs material makes it invaluable for staying informed in a constantly changing world.

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UPSC current affairs refer to the latest news and events that are relevant to the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) examinations. These exams are conducted for various prestigious government services, including the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), and Indian Foreign Service (IFS), among others. UPSC current affairs cover a wide range of topics such as national and international politics, economy, science and technology, environment, social issues, and more. Aspirants need to stay updated with these current affairs to have a comprehensive understanding of the contemporary issues and demonstrate their analytical skills and awareness during the UPSC exams and interviews.

SSC Current Affairs 2023

SSC current affairs refer to the latest news and events that are relevant for the examinations conducted by the Staff Selection Commission (SSC). The SSC conducts various recruitment exams for government jobs in different departments and ministries. These exams include SSC CGL (Combined Graduate Level), SSC CHSL (Combined Higher Secondary Level), SSC MTS (Multi-Tasking Staff), and others.

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Sports current affairs refer to the latest news and happenings in the world of sports. It includes updates on various sports events, tournaments, championships, athlete performances, records, transfers, and other developments in the sports industry. Sports current affairs cover a wide range of sports, including football, cricket, basketball, tennis, athletics, and many others.

Staying updated with sports current affairs is essential for sports enthusiasts, athletes, coaches, and anyone interested in the sporting world. It allows individuals to be well-informed about the latest achievements, controversies, and trends in the sports domain. Following sports current affairs enhances one’s knowledge, appreciation, and engagement with the ever-evolving world of sports.

Defence Current Affairs 2023

Defence current affairs pertain to the latest news and developments in the field of defense and military affairs. This includes updates on armed forces, defense policies, military exercises, technological advancements, defense procurements, border tensions, international relations related to defense, and other relevant topics.

Keeping abreast of defence current affairs is crucial for defence personnel, policymakers, analysts, and the general public interested in national security and global defence dynamics. Understanding defence current affairs helps in staying informed about the security challenges facing a country, advancements in military technologies, and the geopolitical landscape. It also enables individuals to appreciate the sacrifices and contributions of defence personnel and comprehend the broader implications of defence-related decisions on a nation’s security and stability.

Current Affairs 2023 PDF

Current affairs PDFs are valuable resources that provide comprehensive and up-to-date information on various topics, including politics, economics, sports, technology, and more. These PDFs are often compiled by government agencies, news outlets, educational institutions, and coaching platforms. They offer a convenient way for individuals to stay informed about the latest developments and events in a structured and easily accessible format. Many people, including students, professionals, and competitive exam aspirants, rely on these PDFs to enhance their knowledge, prepare for exams, and stay up-to-date with the rapidly changing world. By regularly engaging with current affairs PDFs, individuals can develop a deeper understanding of global affairs and make informed decisions in their personal and professional lives.

Benefits of Current Affairs 2023

Staying updated on current affairs offers multifaceted benefits that go beyond mere knowledge. Here are some key advantages:

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• Competitive Exams Preparation: Being up-to-date gives you a competitive edge in exams like civil services, banking, and government jobs.
• Critical Thinking: Analyzing and interpreting current events fosters critical thinking and informed decision-making skills.
• Awareness of Social Issues: Stay informed about pressing social issues and actively participate in meaningful discussions and initiatives for positive change.
• Improved Communication: Being well-versed in current affairs enhances your communication skills, making interactions more engaging.
• Personal and Professional Growth: Demonstrating awareness and adaptability positively impacts your personality and career prospects.
• Global Perspective: Current affairs offer insights into diverse cultures, promoting empathy and cultural understanding.

Ans. Staying updated with current affairs is crucial because it provides valuable insights into global events, politics, economy, and social issues. It helps individuals broaden their knowledge base, enhances critical thinking skills, and fosters informed decision-making. For students preparing for competitive exams, being well-versed in current affairs is essential as it forms a significant part of many exams’ General Awareness sections. Moreover, staying informed about current affairs empowers individuals to actively participate in discussions, engage in meaningful debates, and contribute to positive societal changes.

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Current Affairs of Pakistan 2023 (Pdf Download)

This Blog Post is about current affairs and political issues in Pakistan. It includes topics such as politics, law, education, healthcare, science and technology, culture, and sports that will help you to prepare for your PPSC, FPSC, NTS, or any competitive exam.

It can be tough to stay informed with everything going on in Pakistan, but it’s important to at least have a general understanding of what’s happening because these current affairs will help you in the preparation for any competitive exam.

Here are some of the biggest current affairs headlines of Pakistan that have been taken from the past months of 2022. These current affairs are also available in pdf.

Current Affairs of Pakistan in PDF 2023

26 december current affairs.

• The Gulf Cup 2023 will be held in Basra, Iraq
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2022 Current Affairs of Pakistan

• In which naval exercise, Pakistan, Israel, and Saudi Arabia have participated recently? International |Maritime Exercise] (IMX) 2022 (also known as |Cutlass|
• “Cutlass Express” is an 18-day biennial naval training event led by US Naval Forces. Total number of militaries participating in Cutlass Express 2022 was: |60| (including Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia and Yemen)
• Current Saudi Army chief is Lieutenant General: |Fahd Bin Abdullah] Mohammed Al-Mutair (he’s on 3-day visit to India
• Which Australian all-rounder has left PSL-7? James |Faulkner] (and accused PCB of not paying contractual fee); he was playing for Quetta Gladiators
• Recently, pak govt, has annunced to provide million scholarships to bright studentsl? 2.6 mn| (of 28 billion ruppes)
• Which country’s PM recently said that “almost half on Indian parliamentarians have criminal charges? |Singapore| (PM Lee Hsien Loong)
• The current Chairperson of PSX (Pakistan Stock Exchange) is: Dr. |Shamshad| Akhtar New Test captain of India’s cricket team is: Rohit Sharma On 20 Feb 2022, which joint military exercise was started by Thailand & US? |”Cobra Gold”]
• On 19 Feb 2022, CM Punjab left for 3-day visit to: |Dubai|
• General Qamar Javed Bajwa is currently on an official visit to: |Belgium|
• Which TV journalist shot dead recently (on 18 Feb)? |Athar| Mateen
• TASS news agency belongs to: |Russia|
• France withdrew its troops from Mali recently. French troops have been fighting against Islamist militants in the country since: |2013|
• Current German Foreign Minister is: Annalena [Baerbock]
• 2024 Summer Olympics will be hosted by: |France |(in Paris
• Paris Olympics (2024 Summer Olympics) are scheduled to take place from: [26] |July to 11 August] 2024
• On 19 Feb |1473, Nicolaus Copernicusl (1473-1543) was born in Poland. He gave Heliocentric theory (sun is centre, not earth)
• On 19 Feb |2008, Fidel Castrol (1926-2016) resigned as President of Cuba
• On 19 Feb |1 997, Deng Xiaopingl (or Xixian) died at age of 92. He’s famous for his economic reforms in 1978 On 19 Feb |1978, “The Feminine Mystique”! by Betty Friedan was published. It was a catalyst for 2nd wave of Feminism
• The US added which Chinese e-commerce to “notorious markets for counterfeiting and piracy” list? [AliExpress] (by Alibaba) & |WeChat| (by Tencent Holdings) p The 58 th Munich Security Conference was started today on 18 Feb 2022. Its central debate was about: jukraine lerisis, |Food crisis] in Sahel (African countries between Sahara to Sudanian Svanna, Iran’s |2015 nuclear deal] ,
• First G-20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governor Meeting 2022 started on 17 Feb & end on: |18 Feb| 2022                ’
• The current Chairman of G-20 is: |joko Widodo| (President of Indonesia) p The G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. When was it founded? 26 September, |1999|
• Headquarters of G-20 is in: |Cancun| , Mexico
• WHO will enable which 6 African countries first to produce their own mRNA vaccine Covid-19? [Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Tunisia| p Current DG of WHO (World Health Organization) is? [Tedros| (Ethiopia) p WHO was formed in: |7 April 1948| (Total members are 194)
• Which life-threatening storm hit UK (esp. London) on18 Feb 2022? Storm [”Eunice’j (it is country’s worst storm in last 3 decades)
• Oscars 2022 (94th Academy Awards) will be held on: |27 March] at Dolby Theatre ( |”The Power of the Dog”| film has got most Oscar nominations) p India-UAE summit (virtual) was held on: |1 8 Feb[ 2022
• Due to global warming, how many marine species are in danger? |45,000| species (A research by University of Queensland) p In 2008 Ahmedabad serial blasts case, how many people have been death sentenced recently? [38] (out of 49)
• On 18 Feb 2022, SBP (State Bank of Pakista) issued Rs70 Commemorative coin to mark 70th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations b/w: [Germany and Pakistani p
• On 18 Feb |193O, Pluto was discovered! by Clyde Tombaugh (24-year old American with no formal training in Astronomy)
• 6 th EU-AU (European Union-African Union) Summit held in: [Brussels] (17 18 Feb)
• “Ehsaas Rashan Riayat” will be inaugurated on: |1 9 Feb| 2022
• On 18 Feb |1931, Toni Morrison| (1931-2019) was born in Ohio. She was first American-African to win Nobel Prize in Literature (1993). Her famous writings are: The Bluest Eye (1970), Beloved (1987), Song of Solomon (1977), Jazz (1992) p On 18 Feb |l 546, Martin Luther] (1483-1546), leader of Protestant Reformation, died
• On 18 Feb |2007, Samjhauda Express bombings] occurred in Panipat, Haryana
• On 18 Feb 2022, India will sign a trade & investment deal with: |UAE|
• PUAE (United Arab Emirates) is a federation of: |7 Emirates|(Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah and Ras Al-Khaima)                  
• Bill Gates was awarded Hilal-e-Pakistan by President Alvi on: |17 Februaryl 2022
• Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was formed in: |2000| Microsoft Corporation by Bill Gates & his childhood friend Paul Allen on: |4 April) 1975
• Current PM of Italy is: |Mario Draghi)
• The 58 th Munich Security Conference will be held from: |18 -20 Februaryl 2022 P Builders have found 2,000-year-old Roman cemetery (20 decorated graves) in: |Gaza| P The G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. When was it founded? § |September|, 1999 . Rupiah is the currency of: |lndonesia|
• Gail Halvorsen (US ‘candy bomber’ pilot) died on: |17 Feb| 2022 (at age of 101); he as a pilot introduced the idea to drop candies & toys for children
• Current U.S. Treasury Secretary (Finance Minister) is: |Janet Yellen]
• On 17 Feb |1979, China invaded Vietnaml P ‘On 17 Feb |2008 Kosovo) (capital: Pristina) got independence; (Independence Day) P Libyan |Revolution| Day in Libya is: |17 February] (in 2011 revolt against Gaddafi) bn 17 Feb |1843, The British occupied Sindh| province after victory in Battle of Miani On 17 Feb 1|8O1, Thomas Jefferson was elected] as US President
• Ukraine marked “Day of Unity” on: |16 February) 2022 (on pull out of Russian troops)       -Join OUrpaid whatsapp group: 03014361716
• Current head of US Pacific Air Forces is: Kenneth |Wilsbach|
• 41 st edition of Asian Champions League (football competition) will be played from 1 March 2022 to|: 29 November) 2022
• AFC (Asian Football Confederation) Champions League was formed in: |1967| p Total teams in Champions League are: |40] (Most successful team is: Al-Hilal) p Minsk is the capital of which European Country? |Belarus|
• Current President of European Council Charles |Michel|
• Which country’s President will visit Pakistan on 3 March 2022? |Uzbek| President Shavkat Mirziyoyev
• European Space Summit 2022 was held on: |16 February! p Global Disability Summit was held on: |16—17 February! 2022
• According to the World Justice Project, Pakistan’s ranking is: |13O| (out of 139 countries)
• According to ECP, Local Govt. Elections in Punjab will be held on: |29 May) 2022 p On 16 February |1941, Kim Jong-il| (North Korea leader—father of current President Kim Jong-un) was born
• On 16 Feb |2005 Kyoto Protocoll (signed in 11 Dec 1997) was implemented to reduce global warming & greenhouse gases; it was expired in Dec 2012
• On 16 Feb |1959 Fidel Castro became PM| of Cuba & later President in 1976-2008
• On 16 Feb |1971 Karakoram Highwayl (China-Pak) was opened p On 16 Feb |2016, Boutros Boutros-Ghali died). He was only Muslim UN Secretary General (1992-1996) from Egypt
• On 16 Feb |1949, Israel’s 1 st unicameral parliament “Knesset”~|started in Jerusalem                        
• on 16 Feb |1918 Lithuania’s Act of Independence! was signed; Independence Day
• Which country’s President will have a rare visit to Turkey in this week? |lsraeli| President Isaac Herzog (first Presidential visit since 2010)
• “Raast” person-to-person (P2P) instant digital payment system was launched on: ,15 February 2022| (first phase of Raast, Bulk Payments was started in Jan 2021)
• Ukraine President Zelenskyy declared    “the Day of Unity”? |16 Feb| 2022 p A rocket, 2014-065B, which will hit & crash into the Moon on 4 March 2022, was sent by: |China|
• Olaf Scholz (German Chancellor) met Putin (Russian President) in Mascow on: |l| 02022 .
• Ukraine has relocated its embassy (capital) from Kyiv: to 0|
• World Sustainable Development Summit will be held 16-18 Feb 2022 in: |lndia| P Theme 2022 of World Sustainable and Equitable Future is: [“Towards a Resilient, |Planet: Ensuring a Sustainable and Equitable Future”,
• On 15 February ,1564, Galileo, (Italian philosopher, astronomer and mathematician) was born.                        
• On 15 Feb ,1989, Soviet Union| , under Mikhail Gorbachev, withdrew its last troops from Afghanistan (after Soviet invasion in 1979)
• On 15 Feb ,1978, Leon Spinks, defeated Muhammad Ali to become the heavyweight boxing champion of the world p On 15 Feb ,1965, Canada adopted Mapie, Leaf Fl ag
• Currently, largest producers of palm oil are: |lndonesia| (1 st ) & Malaysia (2 nd ); Both produce 84% of world palm oil
• Rouble is the currency of: |Russia| (while Rand is the currency of South Africa) p Who is No. 1 tennis player? |Novak Djokovic! (Serbia) while 2nd is: Daniil Medvedev (Russian) According to ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) rankings 2022 ‘
• Which country’s President visited UAE for the first time in a decade? Turkey
• Israeli PM Minister Naftali Bennett became the first ever Israeli leader to visit: |Bahrain| (on 14 Feb 2022)
• Iran’s Interior Minister Dr Ahmad Vahidi arrived in Pakistan on: |14 Feb| 2022 p Which football legend has been re-shifted to hospital for chemotherapy? |Pele| (Brazil) suffered from colon cancer; Pele is also considered the greatest footballer;
• IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) started review water release from damaged nuclear plant of: |Fukushima Daiichi |Nuclear Power Plant, Japan (Fukushima nuclear disaster took place at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011 due to earthquake and tsunami)
• World’s worst nuclear disaster both in terms of casualties and implications for the environment and global economy is: |Chernobyl disaster |(1986). 2nd worst is Fukushima disaster 2011
• Asia’s biggest airshow will be held in: |Singapore| (from 15 to 18 Feb 2022)
• Which French ice dancers have won Olympic gold? Gabriella |Papadakis| & Gillaume |Cizeron|
• According to Australia, which animal has become ‘endangered’ species on earth? |Koalas| (due to the impact of bushfires, land-clearing, drought and disease.)
• On 14 Feb 2022, Senate passed: [“Transplantat i on of Human Organs, Tissues! l(Amendment) Bill, 2021”]     ‘               .
• Current CEO of RUDA (Ravi Urban Development Authority) is: |lmran Amin|
• Recently, which Pakistan navy ship visited Port Muscat, Oman? ASLAT
• On 14 Feb |1989, against Salman Rushdie, Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini! issued a fatwa ordering Muslims to execute author Salman Rushdie who wrote book “The Satanic Verses                   
• On 14 February |1779, Captain James Cook| (British explorer & navigator) was killed by inhabitants of Hawaii over theft of a cutter (by Hawaiians) at Kealakekua Bay; Cook was the first to make map of New Zealand & Great Barrier Reef of Australia ‘
• On 14 February |2019, Pulwama attack! in Indian-occupied Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir) took place.
• Rouble is the currency of: |Russia| (while Rand is the currency of South Africa)
• Who is No. 1 tennis player? |Novak Djokovic| (Serbia) while 2nd is: Daniil Medvedev (Russian) Accoraing to ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) rankings 2022 •
• Iran’s Interior Minister Dr Ahmad Vahidi arrived in Pakistan on: |14 Feb] 2022
• Which football legend has been re-shifted to hospital for chemotherapy? |Pele| (Brazil) suffered from colon cancer; Pele is also considered the greatest footballer;
• World’s worst nuclear disaster both in terms of casualties and implications for the environment and global economy is: |Chernobyl disaster |(1968), 2nd worst is Fukushima disaster 201
• On 14 Feb 2022, Senate passed: [“Transplantation of Human Organs, Tissues| l(Amendment) Bill, 2021 ”|
• On 14 Feb |l 989, against Salman Rushdie, Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini] issued a fatwa ordering Muslims to execute author Salman Rushdie who wrote book “The Satanic Verses”                                                
• On 14 February |1779, Captain James Cook] (British explorer & navigator) was killed by inhabitants of Hawaii over theft of a cutter (by Hawaiians) at Kealakekua Bay; Cook was the first to make map of New Zealand & Great Barrier Reef of Australia
• On 14 February |2019, Pulwama attack| in Indian-occupied Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir) took place.
• Which cricketer has left PSL-7 due to chronic back pain? |Shahid Afridi]
• Current President of Germany is: Frank-Walter |Steinmeier| (from Social Democrats party); he’s been re-elected on 13 Feb 2022
• FIFA Club World Cup 2021 was played on 3-12 Feb 2022 in: [Uae]
• How many teams participated in FIFA Club World Cup 2021? |7 teams| (Winner team is: Chelsea Football Club) ‘
• Current Secretary General of OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) is: |Mathias Cormann| (Headquarters OECD 1961 is Paris)
• Current President of Brazil is: |Jair Bolsonaro| (he’ll visit Russia on 15 Feb 2022)
• Turkmenistan’s snap Presidential election will be on: |12 March| 2022 p Which mobile network company has launched “|Garaj|” cloud platform? |jazz|
• Current Naval Chief is: Amjad Khan Niazi (he visited Tunisia recently)
• KLM airline belongs to: Netherland
• Current |lnterior Minister) of Iran is: Dr. [Ahmed Vahidi] (he’ll visit Pak on 14 Feb) p Current Minister for Religious Affairs and Interfaith Harmony is: Pir |Noorul Haq] |Qadri |(he has purposed recently to celebrate “International Hijab Day” on 8 March)
• Current Federal Ombudsman of Pakistan is: |Ejaz Ahmad Qureshi|
• On 13 Feb |1689, William (III) and Mary (II) became king| and queen of England, after Glorious Revolutionc
• On 13 February |1997, France became nuclear power| by detonating its first atomic bomb in the Sahara desert    ‘
• On 13 Feb |1883, Richard Wagner |(German Composer) died in Venice,
• World |Radio| Day is: |13 February] (its theme 2021 is: “Radio and Trust”)
• US has announced to re-open embassy in: |Solomon Islands! (a country in Oceania)
• Capital of Solomon Islands is: |Honiara| (its currency is Dollar)
• China approved Pfizer COVID pill: |Paxlovid|
• Headquarters of Both International Hockey Federation (IHF) + International Olympic Committee (IOC) are in: [Lausanne!, Switzerland (IOC was formed in 1894 by [Pierre de Coubertin, in Paris
• Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group II deals with: [impacts, Adaptationand Vulnerability!
• Which film has received maximum nominations at the 94th Academy Awards? The | Power of the Dog,(94 Academy Awards 12 Nominations)
• Which country organized One Ocean Summit from 9-11 Feb 2022? [France]
• Which two journalists were detained by Aghan Taliban? |Andrew North| & Peter Jouvenal (they’re now released)
• Nokia will launch first Smart City Pilot Project in Pakistan at: |Lahore| p On 12 Feb |1809, Abraham Lincoln was born, in Kentucky ‘Birth anniversary)
• On 12 Feb |1818, Chile declared! independence from Spain
• On 12 Feb ,1804, Immanuel Kant| (German Philosopher) died.

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Essay on Current Affairs of Pakistan 2024

Pakistan is going through a lot these days. As every day brings something new for it, whether it is a political rift, drill against corruption, judicial activism, governance issues, economic condition or inflation. We start the Essay on Current Affairs of Pakistan 2024 from the current Political Scenarios . Since Imran Khan is out from the office of Prime Minister, there seems a political rift in the environment. Every coming day brings something new to the scene. Currently, it is the future of the PTI which other parties claimed to alter with the alliance of top opposition names.

Drill against Corruption: The interim government has always been determined on no compromise policy on corruption. In recent, FIA suggested filing a reference against many of big names.

Soon under FIA, several others were put on ECL that initiate a whole new debate on the next government but here comes the higher judiciary of Pakistan.

Judicial Activism: The Supreme Court of Pakistan shows its concern on many issues and asserts authority to protect legal values of country. Now, federal government is given a task to review such problems. That raises the questions on governance structure of this country.

Governance Issues: Good governance is the lifeline of any human society. No matter, who exceed the legal limitations but corrective measures need to be taken to avoid the shame in the future. Governance is also seemed to compromise in other fields of administration. Most noticeably, it was seen when the rupee to dollar ratio was changing abruptly and all the concern public office holders were on a different page.

Relation with Friend Countries:

Furthermore, now the economy of this country is mostly dependent on the finical support of friend countries. Especially, gulf countries play a major role in the economic stability of Pakistan. Meanwhile, the relationship with India is always important, but the Kashmir issue is also at the standby position.

Economic Condition:

Although, there is a lot of hustles when it comes to economic development still serious actions are missing. Instead of expanding the revenue and tax circle, the prime focus of the government is to put extra load on already burdened taxpayers. Moreover, there are no war efforts to tackle the menace of unemployment and underemployment which is a real way to nourish the national economy but the focus is still on maintaining cosmetic optics. By doing so, the government is paving the path for inflation.

Inflation has to be the main target of any people’s government, in order to accommodate the marginalized and avoid uncertainty in the economy but yet the task is largely unaddressed.

Currently, Pakistan is facing a lot of problems and the government in charge seems to shy away from real problems and concentrate on the game of optics. Hopefully, this is an appropriate essay on the current affairs of Pakistan 2024. Furthermore, in the next months, the new trends will also add to it.

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[Mission 2024] Current Affairs Quiz , 26 April 2024

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The Current Affairs Quiz is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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1 . Question

Which of the following statements best describes a refugee?

• (a) A person who moves to another country for work opportunities.
• (b) Someone who chooses to leave their home country for personal reasons.
• (c) An individual forced to flee their home due to persecution, war, or violence.
• (d) A person seeking better educational opportunities in a foreign country.

Explanation:

• Context: The UK Parliament passed a bill allowing asylum seekers arriving irregularly to be deported to Rwanda, a move spearheaded by Chancellor Rishi Sunak to curb Channel crossings. Despite opposition, the bill cleared both houses and is set to become law. It will apply to anyone who arrives in the UK without prior permission, even if their aim is to claim asylum on legitimate grounds
• A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee their home country because of persecution, war, or violence. They are unable or unwilling to return due to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion. Refugees do not leave their countries by choice but out of necessity for their safety and survival.
• India is not a party to the Refugee Convention, as it hasn’t ratified either the 1951 Convention or its 1967 Protocol, and India lacks a national refugee protection framework. Nonetheless, India extends asylum to numerous refugees from neighbouring states and adheres to UNHCR’s guidelines for other nationals, particularly from Afghanistan and Myanmar. For asylum-seekers from non-neighbouring countries, India conducts Refugee Status Determination (RSD) before granting asylum

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/uk-deportation-of-asylum-seekers-to-rwanda/

2 . Question

Which of the following statements about the Miyawaki Method is true?

• (a) It is a traditional farming technique used in Japan for centuries.
• (b) It is a method used for rapid forestation by planting a mixture of native plant species closely together.
• (c) It primarily focuses on the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
• (d) It is designed to grow only one type of plant to ensure uniformity.
• Context: The Embassy of Israel in India has joined the ‘Million Miyawaki’ project, aimed at improving air quality in Indian cities through mass afforestation in urban spaces. In collaboration with the Million Miyawaki Foundation, the embassy will plant a million trees in Delhi-NCR, creating forest-like Miyawaki plantations with up to 30 locally sourced species (as part of Earth Day celebrations)
• It is inspired by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki, and boosts greenery in compact spaces. It fosters multi-layered forests with quick growth, mimicking natural biodiversity. Though they lack some natural forest attributes like medicinal properties, they serve as effective carbon sinks and mitigate ecological damage from activities like mining.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/million-miyawaki-project/

3 . Question

Consider the following statements regarding ‘Earth Day’:

• It is an initiative of UNEP and UNESCO
• It is a movement in which the participants switch off the lights for one hour on a certain day every year.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (c) Both 1 and 2
• (d) Neither 1 nor 2
• Earth Day, originating in 1970 after widespread protests against environmental degradation is now observed globally on April 22nd . Coordinated by EARTHDAY.ORG , formerly Earth Day Network, its aim is to mobilize a massive environmental movement for transformative change.
• Notably, the Paris Agreement, a landmark climate accord, was signed on Earth Day in 2016. It underscores a collective responsibility, as outlined in the 1992 Rio Declaration, to achieve a balance between economic, social, and environmental needs for present and future generations.
• Other important environmental days include World Water Day on March 22nd, World Biodiversity Day on May 22nd, and World Environment Day on June 5th. Additionally, Earth Hour, an initiative by the World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF ), occurs annually on the last Saturday of March, urging individuals worldwide to switch off lights from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm to raise awareness about climate change and environmental conservation.

4 . Question

Consider the following statements about ASEAN Future Forum:

• It was first proposed by India at the 43rd ASEAN Summit in 2023.
• It aims to contribute to promoting and shaping ASEAN’s development path.

Explanation: About ASEAN Future Forum:

• It was proposed by Vietnam at the 43rd ASEAN Summit in 2023 .
• It is a common platform for ASEAN member states as well as partner countries to share new ideas and policy recommendations.
• It aims to contribute to promoting and shaping ASEAN’s development path .

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/asean-future-forum/

• Context: The ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute achieved a significant breakthrough in mariculture by successfully developing seed production technology for golden trevally, a high-value marine fish.
• Marine aquaculture is the cultivation or farming of marine organisms in saltwater environments such as oceans, seas, and estuaries. This practice involves raising a variety of organisms including fish, shellfish, and seaweeds for food, commercial, and conservation purposes.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/24/golden-trevally/

5 . Question

Consider the following statements about International Finance Corporation:

• The IFC is a member of the World Bank Group.
• The primary focus of the IFC is to promote private sector investment in developing countries.
• The IFC offers both equity and loan financing to private sector projects.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one
• (b) Only two
• (c) All three
• S1: The IFC is indeed a member of the World Bank Group. It was established in 1956 as an affiliate of the World Bank to promote private sector development in developing countries.
• S2: The primary mission of the IFC is to promote private sector investment in developing countries. It achieves this by providing financing (equity, loans, and guarantees), advisory services, and technical assistance to businesses and governments.
• S3: The IFC offers a combination of equity and loan financing to support private sector projects in developing countries. This financial support helps businesses overcome investment barriers and promotes sustainable economic growth.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/compulsory-convertible-debentures/

6 . Question

With reference to Compulsory convertible debentures (CCDs), consider the following statements:

• CCDs are debt instruments that are automatically and mandatorily converted into equity after a specific time period.
• CCDs help companies repay debt without spending cash and benefit investors by offering fixed interest and later ownership of company shares.
• Compulsory convertible debentures (CCDs) are debt instruments that are automatically and mandatorily converted into equity after a specific time period or when certain events occur.
• CCDs are hybrid instruments that are debt when issued but are guaranteed to be converted into equity at a later date.

7 . Question

Consider the following statements about Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) method:

• AWD involves maintaining a continuous flooded condition in the rice field throughout the growing season.
• AWD can reduce water usage in rice cultivation by up to 90% compared to traditional continuous flooding.
• S1: AWD stands for Alternate Wetting and Drying, a water-saving technique used in rice cultivation. Instead of continuously flooding rice fields, AWD involves alternating periods of flooding and drying, allowing the soil to partially dry out between irrigation cycles . This method helps to reduce water usage in rice paddies while also decreasing methane emissions, as the intermittent drying reduces the anaerobic conditions that promote methane production.
• S2: AWD has been found to be effective in reducing water consumption in paddy cultivation. Studies have shown that AWD can reduce water consumption by up to 30% compared to the conventional continuous flooding (CF) method of irrigation. The AWD method has also been found to improve the yield of paddy crops in some regions.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/alternate-wetting-and-drying-awd-methods/

8 . Question

Consider the following statements about Aryabhata (satellite):

• It was India’s first satellite.
• It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
• It was launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, India.

How many of the statements are correct?

• Only statements 1 and 2 are correct.
• Aryabhata was India’s first satellite, launched on April 19, 1975 from Kapustin Yar, a Soviet rocket launch and development site.
• The satellite was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and launched by the Soviet Union as part of the Soviet Interkosmos program.
• It was named after the 5th-century Indian astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata.
• The satellite was instrumented to explore conditions in Earth’s ionosphere, measure neutrons and gamma rays from the Sun, and perform investigations in X-ray astronomy.
• It carried out three experiments, one each in X-ray astronomy, Solar Physics and Aeronomy.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/satellite-technology-day/

9 . Question

Consider the following statements:

• It is a gas at room temperature.
• It reacts violently with water to produce hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide.
• It is primarily found in its pure form in nature.

How many of the statements about Sodium are correct?

• Only statement 2 is correct.
• Context: The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued the second edition of its global sodium benchmarks, providing updated reference values for sodium content to combat chronic conditions linked to high blood pressure and obesity.
• Sodium (Na) is a highly reactive alkali metal. When sodium comes into contact with water, it undergoes a vigorous exothermic reaction, releasing hydrogen gas (H2) and forming sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The reaction is so violent that it can cause the sodium to ignite or explode, which is why pure sodium must be handled with extreme caution. Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect as sodium is not a gas at room temperature and it is not primarily found in its pure form in nature due to its high reactivity.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/who-global-sodium-benchmarks/

10 . Question

With reference to the Schengen Area, consider the following statements:

• The Schengen Area includes all European Union (EU) member states.
• Citizens of Schengen Area countries require a visa to travel within the Schengen Zone.
• Border controls between Schengen Area countries have been completely abolished.
• Context: Indian nationals can now obtain long-term multi-entry Schengen visas with a validity of two years, provided they have lawfully used two visas within the previous three years.
• S1:Incorrect: The Schengen Area includes most, but not all, EU member states. Some EU member states, such as Ireland, have opted out of the Schengen Agreement.
• S2: Incorrect. Citizens of Schengen Area countries do not require a visa to travel within the Schengen Zone. However, non-EU citizens may need a Schengen visa to enter the area.
• S3: Correct. The Schengen Agreement has led to the abolition of border controls between participating countries, allowing for the free movement of people within the Schengen Zone.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/25/schengen-areas/

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Addapedia Odisha | Daily Current Affairs | 27 April 2024 | Download PDF

Daily Current Affairs For all the aspirants targeting any of the government jobs, Current Affairs will help them prepare efficiently as it is a vital section of all the exams.

As you are aware, in all competitive exams, the “Daily Current Affairs Section” holds significant importance in determining the cutoff scores. Therefore, if you excel in this section, you will have a better chance of achieving higher marks in these exams and securing a spot on the merit list.

Addapedia Odisha – Daily Current Affairs – 27 April 2024

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G20 Summit 2023

Last updated on September 12, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

The G20 Summit 2023 just concluded in New Delhi under the Indian Presidency. The PM of India passed the gavel to Brazil, the next G20 President. The 18 th meeting of the Group of Twenty was the first G20 summit to be held in India. Read here to learn about the outcomes of the summit.

The G20 (Group of 20) is an international forum that includes 19 of the world’s largest economies and the European Union.

G20 is a forum for economic, financial, and political cooperation. It addresses the major global challenges and seeks to generate public policies that resolve them.

The Leaders’ Summit is the climax of the G20 process and the work carried out over the year through Ministerial Meetings, Working Groups, and Engagement Groups.

Table of Contents

G20 India Presidency

The G20 is made up of 19 countries and the EU.

• The 19 countries are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, France, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the UK, and the US.

India holds the Presidency of the G20 from 1 December 2022 to 30 November 2023.

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Indonesia held the presidency in 2022, which concluded in the Bali declaration .

Under the Indian Presidency, the G20 in 2023 focussed on the theme, ‘One Earth, One Family, One Future’.

• The theme affirms the value of human, animal, plant, and microorganisms and their interconnectedness on planet Earth and in the wider universe.
• The Indian Presidency will also spotlight Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE), with an emphasis on environmentally sustainable and responsible choices at both the individual lifestyle and the national development level, to achieve a cleaner, greener, and bluer future.

The summit had India showcase its cultural richness through diverse elements like:

• Bharat Mandapam, inspired by Lord Basavaeshwara’s concept of Anubhav mandapam. The “culture corridor,” features a display of diverse traditions from 29 countries, including India and the special invitees to the G20.
• The Chola-style bronze statue of Lord Nataraja.
• Konark Chakra of Odisha’s sun temple and the image of Nalanda University were used as backdrops.
• Showcase of Thanjavur Paintings and Dhokra art
• A brass statue of Lord Buddha under the Bodhi tree.
• Hindustani, Folk, and Carnatic musical heritage of India

Indian Prime Minister formally handed over the G20 presidency to the President of Brazil. India will continue to hold the position until 30 November 2023.

The invited countries for the year were:

• Bangladesh, Egypt, Mauritius, Netherlands, Nigeria, Oman, Singapore, Spain and UAE.

Six agendas were put forth for the G20 Dialogue 2023:

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• Green Development, Climate Finance & LiFE
• Accelerated, Inclusive & Resilient Growth
• Accelerating progress on SDGs
• Technological Transformation & Digital Public Infrastructure
• Multilateral Institutions for the 21st Century
• Women-led development

The working groups focused on areas like:

• agriculture, anti-corruption, culture, digital economy, disaster risk reduction, development, education, employment, environment and climate sustainability, energy transitions, health, trade and investment, and tourism.

Major outcomes of the G20 summit 2023

• The African Union joined the G20 as a permanent member.
• A new organization called the Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) was launched, to promote the development and adoption of sustainable biofuels, and set relevant standards and certification.
• The New Delhi Leaders Declaration was adopted with consensus.
• A group of countries made a joint agreement to build a rail and shipping corridor linking India with the Middle East and Europe called the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor . The group comprises India, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Israel and the European Union.

New Delhi declaration

The G20 2023 joint consensus declaration called the New Delhi Leaders Declaration is an official non-binding declaration that seeks to place emphasis on strong, sustainable, balanced, and inclusive growth.

Global Economic Situation

• To protect the vulnerable, through promoting equitable growth and enhancing macroeconomic and financial stability. Such an approach will help resolve the cost-of-living crisis and unlock strong, sustainable, balanced, and inclusive growth.
• To support the progress towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to achieve strong, sustainable, balanced, and inclusive growth (SSBIG).
• To create inclusive, sustainable, and resilient global value chains, and support developing countries to move up the value chain.

Unlocking Trade for Growth

• To ensure a rules-based, non-discriminatory, fair, open, inclusive, equitable, sustainable, and transparent multilateral trading system, with WTO at its core.
• Recognize challenges MSMEs, particularly in developing countries, face concerning access to information and thus, welcome Jaipur Call for Action for enhancing MSMEs’ access to information to promote the integration of MSMEs into international trade.

Also read: G20 Generic Framework for Mapping Global Value Chains (GVC)

Fighting Corruption

• Strengthening Law Enforcement International Cooperation and Information Sharing for Combating Corruption, Strengthening Asset Recovery Mechanisms for Combating Corruption.
• To enhance global efforts to seize, confiscate, and return criminal proceeds to victims and states, in line with international obligations and domestic legal frameworks, including through support to the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and operationalization of the GlobE Network.

Recommitting to Achieving SDGs

• To accelerate progress on SDGs, we commit to taking collective action for effective and timely implementation of the G20 2023 Action Plan to Accelerate Progress on the SDGs.

Strengthening Global Health and Implementing One Health Approach

• To strengthen the global health architecture, with the World Health Organization (WHO) at its core, and build more resilient, equitable, sustainable, and inclusive health systems to achieve Universal Health Coverage, implement the One Health approach, enhance pandemic preparedness, and strengthen existing infectious diseases surveillance systems.

Designing a Circular Economy World

• Resource Efficiency and Circular Economy Industry Coalition (RECEIC) to enhance environmentally sound waste management, substantially reduce waste generation by 2030, and highlight the importance of zero waste initiatives.

Other major outcomes:

• Overcoming major differences in the Russia-Ukraine war
• Call for full implementation of the Black Sea Grain Initiative
• Action Plan against Fugitive Economic Offenders
• Countering terrorism and money laundering
• Globally fair, sustainable, and modern international tax system
• Digital Public Infrastructure (crypto, Al, etc.)
• Gender equality and women empowerment
• G20 Deccan High-Level Principles on Food Security and Nutrition 2023

G20 Summit 2023 reiterates that cooperation is essential in determining the course the world takes. Headwinds to global economic growth and stability persist.

Years of cascading challenges and crises have reversed gains in the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) . Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continue to increase, with climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, drought, land degradation, and desertification threatening lives and livelihoods.

Rising commodity prices, including food and energy prices, are contributing to cost of living pressures. Global challenges like poverty and inequality, climate change, pandemics, and conflicts disproportionately affect women and children, and the most vulnerable.

The G20 Summit 2023 commit to:

• Accelerate strong, sustainable, balanced, and inclusive growth.
• Accelerate the full and effective implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
• Pursue low-GHG/low-carbon emissions, climate-resilient, and environmentally sustainable development pathways by championing an integrated and inclusive approach.
• Improve access to medical countermeasures and facilitate more supplies and production capacities in developing countries to prepare better for future health emergencies.
• Promote resilient growth by urgently and effectively addressing debt vulnerabilities in developing countries.
• Scale up financing from all sources for accelerating progress on SDGs

-Article by Swathi Satish

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