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Question 1 - Case Based Questions - Chapter 1 Class 9 Economics - The Story of Village Palampur - Economics

Last updated at April 16, 2024 by Teachoo

Read the text given below and answer the following questions: 

 Palampur is well-connected with neighbouring  villages and towns. Raiganj, a big village, is 3 kms  from Palampur. An all-weather road connects the village to Raiganj and further on to the nearest  small town of Shahpur. This village has about 450  families belonging to several different castes. The  80 upper caste families own the majority of land in  the village. Their houses, some of them quite large,  are made of brick with cement plastering. The SCs  (dalits) comprise one third of the population and  live in one corner of the village and in much smaller  houses some of which are of mud and straw. Most  of the houses have electric connections. Electricity  powers all the tube wells in the fields and is used  in various types of small business. Palampur has  two primary schools and one high school. There is  a primary health centre run by the government and  one private dispensary where the sick is treated. The  story of Palampur, an imaginary village, will take us  through the different types of production activities  in the village. In villages across India, farming is  the main production activity. The other production  activities, referred to as non- farm activities include  small manufacturing, transport, shop-keeping, etc.  Every production is organised by combining land,  labour, physical capital and human capital, which  are known as factors of production. 

Question (i)

Raiganj, a big village, is  __________  kms from  palampur.  .

(a) 5 

(b) 4  

(c) 3 

(d) 1 

From the paragraph, 

Palampur is well-connected with neighbouring  villages and towns. Raiganj, a big village, is 3 kms  from Palampur. An all-weather road connects the village to Raiganj and further on to the nearest  small town of Shahpur. This village has about 450  families belonging to several different castes.

 (c) Raiganj, a big village, is  3  kms from  Palampur. 

Question (ii)

Which of the following statement is true with  respect to palampur:  .

(a) Palampur has one primary school and  two high schools.  

(b) Palampur has two primary schools and  one high school.  

(c) Dairy is the main production activity.  

(d) The village has about 600 families  belonging to several different castes. 

From the paragraph,

Electricity  powers all the tube wells in the fields and is used  in various types of small business . Palampur has  two primary schools and one high school . There is  a primary health centre run by the government and  one private dispensary where the sick is treated. The  story of Palampur, an imaginary village, will take us  through the different types of production activities  in the village.

Answer:  

(b) Palampur has two primary schools and  one high school. 

Question (iii)

Raw materials and money in hand are called:  .

(a) Working capital  

(b) Fixed capital  

(c) Human capital  

(d) None of the above  

Question (iv)

The variety of inputs required at every stage  during production is known as_________.  .

(a) Physical capital  

(b) Labour  

(d) None of the above 

(a) Physical capital 

Question (v)

How many primary schools and high schools do palampur has.

Electricity powers all the tube wells in the fields and is used in various types of small businesses. Palampur has two primary schools and one high school . There is a primary health center run by the government and one private dispensary where the sick are treated. The story of Palampur, an imaginary village, will take us through the different types of production activities in the village.

(a) Palampur has  two primary schools and one high school. 

Question (vi)

What are the factors of production.

In villages across India, farming is the main production activity. The other production activities, referred to as non-farm activities include small manufacturing, transport, shop-keeping, etc.  Every production is organized by combining land, labor, physical capital, and human capital, which are known as factors of production. 

Every production is organized by combining land, labor, physical capital, and human capital, which  are known as factors of production. 

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Class Notes

Free Class Notes & Study Material

Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 The Story of the village Palampur

Last Updated on July 3, 2023 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

NCERT Solutions for Economics , Chapter 1 – The Story of the village Palampur

☛ Notes and Study Material – Chapter 1 The story of Village Palampur

Intext Questions

Question 1.  The following table 1.1 shows that the land under cultivation in India in units of million hectares. Plot this on the graph provided.

(i) What does the graph show?

(ii) Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?

(iii) You have read about the crops grown in Palampur. Fill the following table based on the information on the crops grown in your region.

(i) The above graph shows the land under cultivation in India in units of million hectares.

The graph shows that the land under cultivation in India was 120 million hectares in 1950 which rose to 140 million hectares in 1970 and remained constant at 140 million hectares till 2000.

(ii) Yes, it is important to increase the land area under irrigation firstly so that the farmers can do multiple cropping and grow more than one crops in a year and increase their production and earning. Secondly, use of HYV seeds need of plenty of water to give best results.

Question 1.  What is the difference between multiple cropping and modern farming method?

Answer Multiple Cropping To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land.

Modern Farming Method The farmers of Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh use HYV seeds, tube wells for irrigation, chemical fertilisers and pesticides, as well as machinery like tractors and threshers to increase production. All these measures comprise what are known as modern farming methods.

Question 2.  The following table shows the production of wheat and pulses in India after the Green Revolution in units of million tonnes. Plot this on a graph. Was the Green Revolution equally successful for both the crops? Discuss.

Answer Between 1965 and 2001, the production of pulses has increased negligibly whereas the production of wheat increased greatly.

Thus, we can say that the Green Revolution was more successful in increasing the production of wheat as compared to pulses.

Question 3.  What is the working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods?

Answer  The working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods are raw material and money. Money is always required during production to make payments and buy other necessary items.

Question 4.  Modern farming methods require the farmers to start with more cash than before. Why?

Answer  Modern farming methods require the use of HYV seeds which needs chemical fertilisers and pesticides to produce best results and increased production. However, for buying all these inputs a lot of money is needed so a farmer needs to have more cash to start farming.

Question 1. In the picture 1.5 can you shade the land cultivated by the small farmers?

Answer  The shaded rectangles with boundaries show the land cultivated by small farmers.

Question 2. Why do so many families of farmers cultivate such small plots of land?

Answer  Land in Palampur is fixed and 75% of the people who are working are dependent on farming for their livelihood. Since land is fixed and maximum people are dependent on land they are forced to cultivate small plots of land.

Question 3.  The distribution of farmers in India and the amount of land their cultivate is given in the following graph 1.1.

Would you agree that the distribution of cultivated land is unequal in Palampur? Do you find a similar situation for India? Explain.

Answer  Yes, I agree that the distribution of cultivated land is unequal in Palampur because out of the 450 families, 150 families are landless, 240 families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares in size whereas 60 medium and large farmers cultivate more than 2 hectares of land, a few of them have land extending over 10 hectares or more, which shows that medium and large farmers have more land though they are numerically smaller. This clearly shows the inequality in the distribution of cultivated land.

According to the graph, a similar situation exits for India also which means that 80% of the small farmers cultivate only 36% of the cultivated area whereas 20% of the big farmers cultivate 64% of the cultivated area which again shows that there is inequality in the distribution of cultivated area in the case of India also as was in Palampur.

Question 4.  Identify the work being done on the field in the picture 1.6 and arrange them in proper sequence.

Answer  The proper sequence of the activities is given below (the numbers are marked alongside each picture).

1) Plowing by bullocks

3) Spraying of insecticides

4) Cultivation by traditional methods

5) Cultivation by modern methods

6) Cutting of crops

Question 1.  Why are farm labourers like Dala and Ramkali poor?

(a) Dala and Ramkali are landless farm labourers who work on daily wages in Palampur.

(b) Though, minimum wages for farm labourers set by the government is Rs 60 per day, they get only Rs 35-40.

(c) There is heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur, so people agree to work for low wages.

(d) They remain out of work for most parts of the year and have to take loans from the moneylender to fulfill their needs. Due to this seasonal unemployment, they remain poor and are unable to repay the loan and fall into a debt trap.

Question 2.  Gosaipur and Majauli are two villages in North Bihar. Out of the 850 households in the two villages there are more than 250 men who are employed in rural Punjab and Haryana or in Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Nagpur etc.

Why do people migrate? Can you describe based on your imagination the work the migrants of Gosaipur and Majauli might do at the place of destination.

Answer Mostly people migrate in search of employment or better job opportunities to the cities like Mumbai, Delhi etc or to the prosperous agricultural regions-hike Punjab and Haryana to work as farm labourers.

(a) This migration usually takes place when a person is unemployed or in extreme poverty, which may be due to lack of land, displacement, negative impact of natural disasters like drought or floods, etc.

(b) The migrants from Gosaipur and Majauli who went to cities will probably find work as casual labourers, industrial workers, street hawkers, rickshaw pullers, headload workers or as servants in homes and hotels, etc.

(c) Those who went to rural areas of Punjab and Haryana will probably work as farm labourers since agriculture is the main occupation of the rural people in these states.

Question 3.  Let us fill in the blanks given below.

Among the three factors of production, we found that labour is the most abundant factor of production. There are many people who are willing to work as farm labourers in the villages, whereas the opportunities of work are limited. They belong to either landless families or life.

In contrast to labour,_________ is a scarce factor of production. Cultivated land area is _____ . Moreover, even the existing land is distributed ______(equally/unequally) among the people engaged in farming. There are a large number of small farmers who cultivate small plots of land and live in conditions not much better than the landless farm labourer. To make the maximum use of the existing land, farmers use ____ and ____.Both these have led to increase in production of crops.

Modern farming methods require a great deal of _____.Small farmers usually need to borrow money to arrange for the capital, and are put to great distress to repay the loan. Therefore, capital too is a scarce factor of production, particularly for the small farmers.

Though both land and capital are scarce, there is a basic difference between the two factors of production.

______ is a natural resource, whereas ________ is man-made.

It is possible to increase capital, whereas land is fixed. Therefore, it is very important that we take good care of land and other natural resources used in farming.

Answer The blanks should be filled up with the following words in succession

small farmers, land, fixed, unequally, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, multiple cropping technique, capital, Land, capital.

Question 1.  Let us take 3 farmers. Each has grown wheat on his field though the production is different (see column 2). The consumption of wheat by each family is the same (column 3). The whole of surplus wheat this year is used as capital for next years production. Also suppose, production is twice the capital used in production.

(i) Complete the tables.

(ii) Compare the production of wheat by the three farmers over the years.

(iii) What happens to farmer 3 in year 3? Can he continue production? What will he have to do to continue production.

Answer (i) 

(ii) Comparison of wheat production of the 3 farmers over the year was as follows

The production of wheat of the first farmer increased from 100 to 160.

The production of wheat of the second farmer was constant at 80.

The production of wheat of the third farmer declined from 60 to 00.

(iii) In the third year, the third farmer did not produce any wheat and had to buy it from the market. He cannot continue production any longer unless he arranges capital, as he has no surplus to invest as capital.

Question 1.  Mishrilal has purchased a mechanical crushing machine run on electricity and has set up on his field. Sugarcane crushing was earlier done with the help of bullock, but people prefer to do it by machines these days. Mishrilal also buys sugarcane from other farmers and processes it into jaggery. The jaggery is then sold to traders as Shahpur. In this process, Mishrilal makes a small profit.

(i) What capital did Mishrilal need to set up his jaggery sugarcane manufacturing unit?

Answer  To set up his manufacturing unit Mishrilal needed the following capital

(a) Fixed Capital in the form of the sugarcane crushing machine.

(b) Working Capital in the form of money for buying sugarcane from other farmers for crushing and for paying the electricity bill of running the crushing machine.

(ii) Who provides the labour in this case?

Answer The labour is provided by him and his family. Otherwise he will employ landless labourers.

(iii) Can you guess why Mishrilal is unable to increase his profit?

(a) Mishrilal has set up a small scale unit.

(b) The farm holdings in the village are very small of about 2 hectares in size and production of sugarcane is low as more area is under wheat, so raw material is also less.

(c) He has to pay for the electricity to run the machine.

(d) Since the industry is small scale, production is less and therefore, he is unable to increase his profit.

(iv) Could you think of any reasons when he might face a loss?

Answer Conditions under which he may face a loss can be any of the following

(a) If his crushing machine becomes defective, his production will reduce or totally stop.

(b) If due to drought or other calamity, the production of sugarcane nearby areas reduces, his jaggery production will come do leading to a loss for him.

(c) It the demand for jaggery decreases, he will not be able to sell enough to break even.

(d) It any other costs like electricity, labour or transportation costs increase, he may face a loss.

(v) Why does Mishrilal sells his jaggery to traders in Shahpur and not in his village?

(a) Palampur is a small village with 450 families and there is not a big demand for jaggery there.

(b) Shahpur is a town where people come from different surrounding villages to buy things and there is more demand of jaggery there, so Mishrilal sells his jaggery to traders in Shahpur and not in his village.

Question 2.  Kareem has opened a computer class centre in the village. In recent years, a large number of students have been attending college in Shahpur town. Kareem found that a number students from the village are also attending computer classes in the town. There were two women in the village who had a degree in computer applications. He decided to employ them. He bought computers and set up the classes in the front room of their house overlooking the market. High school students have started attending them in good numbers.

(i) In what way is Kareem’s capital and labour different from Mishrilal?

Answer Both have fixed capital in the form of machines, but Kareem has a larger fixed capital because he has assets in the form of computers which are more expensive then the sugarcane crushing machine. Kareem has also employed educated and qualified computer teachers, whereas Mishrilal’s labour is mainly unskilled labour.

(ii) Why didn’t someone start a computer centre earlier? Discuss the possible reasons.

Answer Reasons why someone didn’t start a computer centre may be any of the following

(a) As very few educated people were there in the village, there was not any demand for computer courses.

(b) The villagers were not aware of the employment potential of computer courses and so nobody thought that such a business could be successful.

(c) Teaching faculty for computer courses was not available in the village earlier.

Question 3.  Kishora is a farm labourer. Like other such labourers, Kishora found it difficult to meet his family’s needs from the wages he received. A few years back Kishora took a loan from the bank was under a government programme which was giving cheap loans to the poor landless households. Kishora bought a buffalo with this money. He now sells the buffalo’s milk.

Further he has attached a wooden cart to his buffalo and uses it to transport various items. Once a week he goes to the river Ganga to bring back clay for the potter. 0r sometimes he goes to Shahpur with a load of jaggery or other commodities. Every month he gets some work in transport. As a result, Kishora is able to earn more than what he used to do some years back.

(i) What is Kishora’s fixed capital?

Answer Kishora’s fixed capital is the buffalo and wooden-cart which he has purchased with the bank loan.

(ii) What do you think would be his working capital?

Answer The money that he earns from selling the milk and transporting goods on his bullock-cart minus his own living expenses are his working capital.

(iii) In how many production activities is Kishora involved?

Answer Kishora is involved in the following production activities.

(a) Selling of buffalo’s milk.

(b) Transporting of various items.

(c) Bringing clay from the fiver Ganga for the potter.

(d) Transporting jaggery etc to Shahpur.

(iv) Would you say that Kishora has benefited from better roads in Palampur?

Answer Kishora has certainly benefited from better roads in Palampur because he is involved in the transport business; better roads enable him to easily transport goods from one place to another, run his business successfully and earn profits, which would have been very difficult in the absence of proper roads.

Exercises Page 14

Question 1. Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the census and some of the details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur.

(a) LOCATION

(c) LAND USE (in hectares)

(b) TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE

(d) FACILITIES

(a) Location Palampur is located 3 km from Raiganj which is a big village. The nearest town is Shahpur.

a) It is well connected with neighbouring villages and towns.

b) An all weather road connects the village to Raiganj and further to the nearest small town of Shahpur.

(b) Total Area of the Village

The total area of the Palampur village is 246 hectares.

(c) Land Use (in hectares)

(d) Facilities

Question 2.  Modern farming methods require more input which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?

Answer  Yes, it is true that modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. For example

(i) HYV seeds, insecticides, pesticides and chemical fertilisers needed for increasing the yield per hectare are all manufactured in industries

(ii) Farmers use farm machinery like tractors, threshers and also combined harvestors which are also manufactured in industries

(iii) Tubewell equipment and water pumps used for irrigation are also manufactured in industries.

Question 3.  How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?

(i) Most of the houses in Palampur have electric connections.

(ii) Electricity powers all the tube wells in the fields that help to irrigate much larger areas of land more effectively as compared to the traditional Persian wheel drawn by bullocks. Since the entire cultivated area of 200 hectares had come under irrigation farmers did not have to depend on ‘rainfall and could grow multiple crops.

(iii) It helps small businesses run their machinery like Mishrilal’s sugarcane crushing machine.

Question 4.  Is it important to increase the area under irrigation ? why?

Answer Yes, it is important to increase the area under irrigation because water is very essential for agriculture. In India, the rainfall is unevenly distributed in the country and if rainfall is less, then production will be low, and they will be only able to grow one crop in a season.

With good irrigation it will be possible to do multiple cropping, helping to increase the yield per hectare.

Question 5.  Construct a table on the distribution of land among 450 families of Palampur.

Answer  Distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur.

Question 6) Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?

Answer  The minimum wages for a farm labourer set by the government are 60 per day, but wages of farm labourers in Palampur are less than minimum wages because there is heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur, so people agree to work for lower wages.

Question 7.  In your region, talk to two labourers. Choose either farm labourers or labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?

(i) In our region, there are two labourers namely Ram Khilawan and Basanti, who are husband and wife working as casual constructing labourers. Due to drought, they had to leave their village in search of employment, They get approximately 50 to 60 rupees per day which they are paid in cash.

(ii) They do not get work regularly because there are a large number of workers seeking employment, due to which they agree to work for low wages. Because of irregular work and low wages they are unable to fulfill their needs and are in debt.

Question 8.  What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.

Answer Multiple cropping and use of modern farming methods are two different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land. e.g.,

(i) Multiple Cropping When more than one crop is grown on a piece of land during the year it is known as multiple cropping.

(a) It is the most common way to increase production on a given piece of land.

(b) All farmers in Palampur grow atleast two main crops, many are growing potato as the third crop in the past fifteen to twenty years.

(ii) Use of Modern Farming Methods

Modern farming methods also help to increase the yield per hectare.

(a) Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try modern farming methods in India.

(b) The farmers in these regions set up tube wells for irrigation and made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers and pesticides in farming.

(c) Some also used farm machinery like tractors and threshers, which made ploughing and harvesting faster. They were rewarded with high yields of wheat, increasing from 1300 kg per hectare to 3200 kg per hectare with HYV seeds.

Question 9. Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land?

(i) A farmer having 1 hectare of land for farming is called a subsistence farmer because 1 hectare of land is too less for even the sustenance of a small family.

(ii) Production is very low and it is very difficult for the farmer to provide for his family.

(iii) Apart from working on his own field he has to work on the field of the rich farmers or work as a casual labourer to survive.

(iv) The small farmer has no irrigation facilities.

(v) He has no working capital so he is also not able to buy modern machinery, HYV seeds or insecticides and pesticides.

(vi) In the absence of capital, he has to take loan from moneylender who charges a high interest rate. He is rarely able to repay the loan and eventually falls into a debt trap.

Question 10.  How did the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? how is it different from the small farmers?

Answer  Modern farming methods such as use of HYV insecticides pesticides etc require a great deal of capital so the farmer needs more money than before.

(i) The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming.They are thus able to arrange for the capital needed.

(ii) In contrast, the small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation.

(iii) The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan, which is not so in the case of medium and large farmers.

Question 11.  On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh?Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?

Answer  Savita, a small farmer, in order to cultivate wheat on her 1 hectare of land, decides to borrow money from Tejpal Singh a large farmer on the following terms

(i) Tejpal Singh agrees to give Savita the loan at an interest rate of 24 per cent for four months which is a very high interest rate. Savita also has to promise to work on his field as farm labourer during the harvest season at Rs 35 per day.

(ii) The rate of interest charged by Tejpal Singh was higher than that of banks. If Savita had taken the loan from the bank, interest would have been lower and she could have easily repaid the loan and her condition would have been far better.

Question 12.  Talk to some old residents in your region and write a short report on the changes in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30 years.

(i) On talking to two old residents Ramlal and Dharam Singh I came to know about the irrigation methods that were traditionally in use in our area. They told me that earlier they were dependent on rainfall and later on they started to use the Persian wheel to draw water from the wells. With development of technology, tube wells were used for more better and effective irrigation.

(ii) In the farming methods, traditionally they ploughed the field with ploughs drawn by bullocks which was a very difficult and time consuming process. They used ordinary seeds and cow dung manure for fertilisation.

(iii) However with changes in technology the farmers started using HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides and modern machinery like tractors and threshers which has led to an increase in yield per hectare and improved the lives of the farmers.

Question 13.  What are the non farm activities taking place in your region (or Palampur)? Make a short list.

(i) Dairy is a common activity in many families of our region.

(ii) Some people are involved in small scale manufacturing in their homes or in the field like production of jaggery by Mishrilal.

(iii) A few people are involved as shopkeepers and traders who buy various goods from the wholesale market in the cities and sell them in the villages.

(iv) Some people near the bus stand have opened shops selling eatables.

(v) Some people are in the transportation sector ferrying people and carrying goods from one place to another in different types of vehicles.

(vi) People like Kareem opened a computer class centre and also provided employment to two women who had a diploma in computer application.

Question 14. What can be done so that non-farm production activities can be started in villages.

(i) Banks should provide loans at low interest rates so that the poor villagers can start some business to help them earn a living.

(ii) Government should be more active and start and effective employment generating schemes.

(iii) Government should provide training to the villagers in different small crafts.

(iv) Government should proVide facilities for transportation and selling of locally manufactured goods of the villagers in the cities.

(v) Industries can be set up in rural areas.

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The need for a student-friendly app to explain and facilitate the understanding of the social sciences subject has been felt for a long. Especially for students who do not have a strong foundation in Class 9 Social Science. With myCBSEguide , class 9 social science students now have a place where they can find resources that are student-friendly, interesting and easy to understand.

Class 9 Social Science Case Study questions are intended to assess student’s abilities to apply their learning to practical scenarios. You’ll need to employ your critical thinking and problem-solving skills to come up with the best solution. Class 9 Social Science case study questions are designed to test your knowledge and help you improve your skills.

Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions Samples

myCBSEguide has identified the essential themes connected to CBSE case study questions for Class 9 Social Science that every student should be aware of following a comprehensive examination of CBSE Sample Papers and Marking Scheme. Students in Class 9 Social Science will benefit from this information in understanding the changes in the Class 9 Social Science. For a better understanding and analysis, students should refer to the example of Class 9 Social Science case study questions attached below:

Class 9 Social Science Case Study Question 1

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: On the morning of 14 July 1789, the city of Paris was in a state of alarm. The king had commanded troops to move into the city. Rumours spread that he would soon order the army to open fire upon the citizens. Some 7,000 men and women gathered in front of the town hall and decided to form a peoples’ militia. They broke into a number of government buildings in search of arms. Finally, a group of several hundred people marched towards the eastern part of the city and stormed the fortress-prison, the Bastille, where they hoped to find hoarded ammunition. In the armed fight that followed, the commander of the Bastille was killed and the prisoners released – though there were only seven of them. Yet the Bastille was hated by all because it stood for the despotic power of the king. The fortress was demolished and its stone fragments were sold in the markets to all those who wished to keep a souvenir of its destruction. The days that followed saw more rioting both in Paris and the countryside. Most people were protesting against the high price of bread. Much later, when historians looked back upon this time, they saw it as the beginning of a chain of events that ultimately led to the execution of the king in France, though most people at the time did not anticipate this outcome. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

On 14th July, 1789 the people of the ________ estate attacked the Bastille prison and freed all the prisoners signalling the start of the _________.

• first, civil war
• fourth, Russian war
• second, movement
• third, revolution

Which of the following statement is incorrect?

• The Bastille was the fortress-prison.
• The Bastille stood for the democratic power of the king.
• On the morning of 14 July 1789, the people of Paris stormed Bastille
• All are correct

In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct option: Assertion (A): The people of France storm the Bastille. Reason (R): They were hopeful to find King Louis XIV and commander of the Bastille there.

• Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
• Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
• A is correct but R is wrong.
• Both A and R are wrong.

What was the immediate cause of rioting in Paris?

• Atrocities by the commander
• The high price of bread
• The killing of women and children
• All of these

Answer Key:

• (d) third, revolution
• (b) The Bastille stood for the democratic power of the king. [Explanation: The Bastille stood for the despotic power of the king.]
• (c) A is correct but R is wrong. [Explanation: The people of France stormed the fortress-prison, the Bastille because they were hopeful to find hoarded ammunition there.]
• (b) high price of bread

Class 9Social Science Case Study Question 2

Read the extracts and answer the question that follows:

The Himalayas, geologically young and structurally fold mountains stretch over the Himalayas northern borders of India. These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra. The Himalayas represent the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world. They form an arc, which covers a distance of about 2,400 Km. Their width varies from 400 Km in Kashmir to 150 Km in Arunachal Pradesh. The altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern half than those in the western half. The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. The northern most range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas. It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres. It contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks.

The folds of Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in nature. The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite. It is perennially snow bound, and a number of glaciers descend from this range.

• The Great or Inner Himalayas is also known as?
• Give two features of the folds of Great Himalayas.
• Give two features of the Inner Himalayas.
• The Great or Inner Himalayas is also known as the ‘Himadri’.
• (Any two relevant points)
• The folds of Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in nature.
• The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite.
• It is perennially snow bound, and a number of glaciers descend from this range.
• Features of the Inner Himalayas:
• It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres.
• It contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks.  

Class 9 Social Science Case Study Question 3

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: In Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in October 1999. He overthrew a democratically elected government and declared himself the ‘Chief Executive’ of the country. Later he changed his designation to President and in 2002 held a referendum in the country that granted him a five-year extension. Pakistani media, human rights organisations and democracy activists said that the referendum was based on malpractices and fraud. In August 2002 he issued a ‘Legal Framework Order’ that amended the Constitution of Pakistan. According to this Order, the President can dismiss the national and provincial assemblies. The work of the civilian cabinet is supervised by a National Security Council which is dominated by military officers. After passing this law, elections were held to the national and provincial assemblies. So Pakistan has had elections, elected representatives have some powers. But the final power rested with military officers and General Musharraf himself. Clearly, there are many reasons why Pakistan under General Musharraf should not be called a democracy. People may have elected their representatives to the national and provincial assemblies but those elected representatives were not really the rulers. They cannot take the final decisions. The power to take final decision rested with army officials and with General Musharraf, and none of them were elected by the people. This happens in many dictatorships and monarchies. They formally have an elected parliament and government but the real power is with those who are not elected. In a few countries, the real power was with some external powers and not with locally elected representatives. This cannot be called people’s rule. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

What is the meaning of Referendum?

• Direct vote in which the entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal
• A form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people
• A system where the majority or elected representatives are allowed to take decisions on behalf of all the people

In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct option: Assertion (A): Pakistan not considered a democratic country even after having elections Reason (R): Despite elections to the national and provincial assemblies, the final powers rested with General Musharraf and military officers.

• Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
• Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
• A is wrong but R is correct.

After the passage of the ________, elections were held to the national and state assemblies.

• Military rule
• Legal Framework Order
• Both (b) and (c)

Does the given source explain the significance of which feature of democracy?

• Democracy must be based on a free and fair election
• In a democracy, the final decision-making power must rest with those elected by the people
• In a democracy, each adult citizen must have one vote
• Democratic government rules within limits set by constitutional law and citizens’ rights
• (a) Direct vote in which the entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal
• (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
• (c) Legal Framework Order
• (b) In a democracy, the final decision-making power must rest with those elected by the people

Steps to Master Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions

Class 9 Social Science case study questions can be daunting, but there are some strategies you can use to ace them. There is no one-size-fits-all answer to Class 9 social science case study questions. The best way to solve a social science case study will vary depending on the specific case in question. However, there are some general tips that can be followed in order to improve your chances of success while answering class 9 social science case study questions.

• First, make sure to read the question carefully and understand what is being asked. It is often helpful to re-read the question after gathering all of your information.
• Next, organize your thoughts and create an outline of your answer. This will help you to stay on track and include all relevant information.
• Finally, write your answer in a clear and concise manner.

Class 9 Social Science Content Structure

Class 9 social science content is divided into four parts: History, Geography, Economics and Political Science. Each part is further divided into smaller themes/chapters.

Each of these topics given in Class 9 Social Science is important in its own right, and together they provide a comprehensive overview that affect our world today. The content is structured in such a way as to provide Class 9 Social Science students with a broad understanding of each issue, while also allowing them to focus on specific areas that are of particular interest to Class 9 Social Science students.

Class 9 Social Science COURSE CONTENT 

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NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur

• 3rd February 2024

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur contains the solutions to the exercises given in the textbook. These solutions also contain answers to all the let’s discuss questions. These NCERT solutions are useful for students as they help to score high marks in the exams.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Let’s Discuss

Let’s Discuss Page No. 3

Question 1: The following Table 1.1 shows the land under cultivation in India in units of million hectares. Plot this on the graph provided. What does the graph show? Discuss in class.

Table 1.1: Cultivated area over the years

Answer: The above graph shows the land under cultivation in India in units of million hectares.

The graph shows that the land under cultivation in India was 132 million hectares in 1950-51 which rose to 200 million hectares in 2016-17.

Question 2: Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?

Answer: Yes, it is important to increase the land area under irrigation. It enhances crop yields, ensures food security and reduces the risk of crop failure. It supports multiple cropping seasons, so farmers can grow more than one crop in a year and increase their production and earnings. Also, the use of HYV seeds needs plenty of water to give the best results.

Question 3: You have read about the crops grown in Palampur. Fill the following table based on information on the crops grown in your region

Let’s Discuss Page No. 5

Question 1:  What is the difference between multiple cropping and modern farming method?

Answer: Multiple Cropping: This refers to the practice of growing more than one crop on the same piece of land during a single year. It’s a way to increase productivity and make efficient use of land resources.

Modern Farming Methods: These involve the use of technology, improved crop varieties, chemicals, and advanced techniques to increase farm productivity and efficiency. Modern farming includes practices such as the use of high-yield variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation technologies.

Question 2: The following table shows the production of wheat and pulses in India after the Green Revolution in units of million tones. Plot this on a graph. Was the Green Revolution equally successful for both the crops? Discuss.

Answer: Between 1965 and 2001, the production of pulses increased negligibly whereas the production of wheat increased greatly. Thus, we can say that the Green Revolution was more successful in increasing the production of wheat as compared to pulses.

Question 3:  What is the working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods?

Answer: The working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods is raw material and money. Raw materials include HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and machinery that can be purchased with money.

Question 4:  Modern farming methods require the farmer to start with more cash than before. Why?

Answer: Modern farming methods require more initial cash because they involve significant investments in high-yield variety seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and advanced irrigation and farming equipment. These inputs are essential for increasing productivity and crop yields but come at a higher cost compared to traditional farming practices.

Let’s Discuss Page No. 7

Question 1: In the Picture 1.5, can you shade the land cultivated by the small farmers?

Answer: The shaded rectangles with boundaries show the land cultivated by small farmers.

Question 2: Why do so many families of farmers cultivate such small plots of land?

Answer: Land in Palampur is fixed and 75% of the people who are working are dependent on farming for their livelihood. Since land is fixed and most people are dependent on land they are forced to cultivate small plots of land.

In the village of Palampur, many families cultivate small plots of land due to the division of land among family members over generations. For example, a farmer named Gobind, who initially had 2.25 hectares of land, passed it down to his three sons, resulting in each son owning only 0.75 hectares.

Question 3: The distribution of farmers in India and the amount of land they cultivate is given in the following Graph Discuss in the classroom.

Answer: According to the graph, in India, 85% of the small farmers cultivate only 44.6% of the cultivated area whereas 15% of the big farmers cultivate 55.4% of the cultivated area.

Question 4: Would you agree that the distribution of cultivated land is unequal in Palampur? Do you find a similar situation for India? Explain.

Answer: Yes, I agree that the distribution of cultivated land is unequal in Palampur because out of the 450 families, 150 families are landless, 240 families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares in size whereas 60 medium and large farmers cultivate more than 2 hectares of land, a few of them have land extending over 10 hectares or more, which shows that medium and large farmers have more land though they are numerically smaller. This clearly shows the inequality in the distribution of cultivated land. According to the graph, a similar situation exists in India also where 85% of the small farmers cultivate only 44.6% of the cultivated area whereas 15% of the big farmers cultivate 55.4% of the cultivated area.

Question 5: Identify the work being done on the field in the Pictures 1.6 and arrange them in a proper sequence.

Answer: The proper sequence of the activities is given below (the numbers are marked alongside each picture). (1) Plowing by bullocks (2) Sowing (3) Spraying of insecticides (4) Cultivation by traditional methods (5) Cultivation by modern methods (6) Cutting of crops

Let’s Discuss Page No. 9

Question 1: Why are farm labourers like Dala and Ramkali poor?

Answer: Farm labourers like Dala and Ramkali are poor because

(a) They work as hired workers on daily wages and their income is not stable or sufficient. (b) Though the minimum wages for farm labourers set by the government is ₹300 per day (as of March 2019), they get only ₹160. (c) There is heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur, so people agree to work for low wages. (d) They remain unemployed for most parts of the year and have to take loans from the moneylender to fulfil their needs. Due to this seasonal unemployment, they remain poor and are unable to repay the loan and fall into a debt trap.

Question 2: Gosaipur and Majauli are two villages in North Bihar. Out of a total of 850 households in the two villages, there are more than 250 men who are employed in rural Punjab and Haryana or in Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Hyderabad or Nagpur. Such migration is common in most villages across India. Why do people migrate? Can you describe (based on your imagination) the work that the migrants of Gosaipur and Majauli might do at the place of destination?

Answer: Mostly people migrate in search of employment or better job opportunities to cities like Mumbai, Delhi etc or to prosperous agricultural regions like Punjab and Haryana to work as farm labourers. (a) This migration usually takes place when a person is unemployed or in extreme poverty, which may be due to lack of land, displacements, negative impact of natural disasters like drought or floods, etc. (b) The migrants from Gosaipur and Majauli who went to cities will probably find work as casual labourers, industrial workers, street hawkers, rickshaw pullers, headload workers or servants in homes and hotels, etc (c) Those who went to rural areas of Punjab and Haryana will probably work as farm labourers since agriculture is the main occupation of the rural people in these states.

Let’s Discuss Page No. 11

Question 1: Let us take three farmers. Each has grown wheat on his èeld though the production is different (see Column 2). The consumption of wheat by each farmer family is the same (Column 3). Me whole of surplus wheat this year is used as capital for next year’s production. Also suppose, production is twice the capital used in production. Complete the tables. Farmer 1

Answer: Farmer 1

Question 2: Compare the Production of wheat by the three farmers over the years.

• The production of wheat of the first farmer increased from 100 to 16CL • The production of wheat of the second farmer was constant at 8CL • The production of wheat of the third farmer declined from 60 to 0

Question 3: What happens to Farmer 3 in Year 3? Can he continue production? What will he have to do to continue production?

Answer: In the third year, the third farmer did not produce any wheat and had to buy it from the market. He cannot continue production any longer unless he arranges capital, as he has no surplus to invest as capital.

Let’s Discuss Page No. 12

Question 1: What capital did Mishrilal need to set up his jaggery manufacturing unit?

Answer: To set up his manufacturing unit Mishrilal needed the following capital (a) Fixed Capital in the form of the sugarcane crushing machine. (b) Working Capital in the form of money for buying sugarcane from other farmers and for paying the electricity bill.

Question 2: Who provides the labour in this case?

Answer: The labour is provided by him and his family. Otherwise, he will employ landless labourers.

Question 3: Can you guess why Mishrilal is unable to increase his profit?

Answer: (a) Mishrilal has set up a small scale unit. (b) The farm holdings in the village are very small of about 2 hectares in size and production of sugarcane is low as more area is under wheat. (c) He has to pay for the electricity to run the machine. (d) Since the industry is small scale, production is less and therefore, he is unable to increase his profit.

Question 4: Could you think of any reasons when he might face a loss?

Answer: Conditions under which he may face a toss can be any of the following (a) If his crushing machine becomes defective, his production will reduce or totally stop. (b) If due to drought or other calamities, the production of sugarcane in nearby areas reduces; his jaggery production will come down leading to a loss for him. (c) If the demand for jaggery decreases, he will not be able to sell enough to break even. (d) If any other costs like electricity, labour or transportation costs increase, he may face a loss.

Question 5: Why does Mishrilal sell his jaggery to traders in Shahpur and not in his village?

Answer: (a) Palampur is a small village with 450 families and there is not a big demand for jaggery there. (b) Shahpur is a town where people come from different surrounding villages to buy things and there is more demand for jaggery there, so Mishrilal sells his jaggery traders in Shahpur and not in his village.

Question 1: In what ways is Kareem’s capital and labour different from Mishrilal?

Answer: Mishrilal has fixed capital in the form of machines, but Kareem has a larger fixed capital because he has assets in the form of computers which are more expensive than the sugarcane crushing machine. Kareem has also employed educated and qualified computer teachers, whereas Mishrilal labour is mainly unskilled labour.

Question 2: Why didn’t someone start a computer centre earlier? Discuss the possible reasons .

Answer: Reasons, why someone didn’t start a computer centre, may be any of the following: (a) As very few educated people were there in the village, there was less demand for computer courses. (b) The villagers were not aware of the employment potential of computer courses, so nobody thought that such a business could be successful. (c) Teaching faculty for computer courses was not available.

Let’s Discuss Page No. 13

Question 1: What is Kishora’s fixed capital?

Answer: Kishora’s fixed capital is the buffalo and wooden cart which he has purchased with a bank loan.

Question 2: What do you think would be his working capital?

Answer: The money that he earns from selling the milk and transporting goods and his bullock cart minus his living expenses is his working capital.

Question 3: In how many production activities is Kishora involved?

Answer: Kishora is involved in the following production activities. (a) Selling of buffalo’s milk. (b) Transporting of various items. (c) Bringing clay from the river Ganga for the potter. (d) Transporting jaggery etc to Shahpur.

Question 4: Would you say that Kishora has benefitted from better roads in Palampur?

Answer: Kishora has certainly benefitted from better roads in Palampur because he is involved in the transport business; better roads enable him to easily transport goods from one place to another, run his business successfully and earn profits, which would have been very difficult in the absence of proper roads.

Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Exercises Questions and Answers

Exercise Questions

Questions 1: Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Census and some of details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur.

(a) LOCATION: (b) TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE: (c) LAND USE (in hectares):

(d) FACILITIES:

Answer: (a) LOCATION: Bulandshahar district, Western Uttar Pradesh

(b) TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE: 226 hectares

(c) LAND USE (in hectares):

Question 2: Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?

Answer: Yes, I agree that modern farming methods require more inputs that are manufactured in the industry. These inputs include high-yield variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and machinery such as tractors, harvesters, and irrigation equipment. However, on the other hand, traditional farming methods use a relatively low-yielding variety of seeds and use cow dung and other natural manures as fertilisers, which is why they are less dependent on industrial outputs.

Question 3: How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?

Answer: The spread of electricity has helped the farmers of Palampur village in the following ways:

• Electricity enabled the use of electric tubewells, leading to more efficient watering of crops compared to traditional methods.
• The availability of electricity allowed for the use of modern machinery like threshers and harvesters, reducing manual labor and enhancing efficiency.

Question 4: Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?

Answer: India is an agricultural country. Of the total cultivated area in the country a little less than 40 per cent is irrigated even today. In the remaining areas, farming is largely dependent on rainfall. In India, rainfall is not regular and irrigation is important to get better crop yield and hence it is important to increase the area under irrigation. 

Question 5: Construct a table on the distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur.

Answer: Number of families Land (hectare)

Question 6: Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?

Answer: The wages for farm labourers in Palampur are less than the minimum wages because:

• There is heavy competition for work among the farmers.
• Employment is less and farmers are more therefore, farmers accept low-wage work.
• Land is owned by landlords who desire to earn more and more profit by giving minimum wages.
• The farmers are illiterate and unaware of the amount of minimum wages set by the government.
• The lack of non-agricultural activities forces labourers to accept low-wage work.

Question 7: In your region, talk to two labourers. Choose either farm labourers or labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?

Answer: To be attempted by the students themselves.

Question 8: What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.

Answer: The different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land are:

• Multiple Cropping: It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land. This involves growing more than one crop on the same land in a year, maximizing the use of space.
• Crop Rotation : This practice involves alternating the types of crops grown in a field with each season. For example, rotating a nitrogen-depleting crop like cotton with a nitrogen-fixing crop like soybeans can maintain soil health and reduce pest and disease cycles.
• Modern Farming Methods: Production on the same piece of land can also be increased by adopting modern farming methods. The Green Revolution in India is a remarkable example of it. Under modern farming, more cultivable areas should be brought under HYV seeds and irrigation. The use of simple wooden ploughs must be replaced by tractors. The increasing use of farm machinery like tractors, threshers, harvesters, etc. makes cultivation faster.

Question 9: Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land.

Answer: A farmer with 1 hectare of land will be called a small farmer. Since the area for cultivation is small, the outcome may also not be high. So to be able to yield the land in the best possible way, the farmer needs money. This money is borrowed from a moneylender at a high interest rate and at times may also have to work as a farm labourer for the moneylender. Once the farm is cultivated, the product has to be divided for personal use and for selling in the market. Whatever profit is earned, the farmer has to usually give it away to the moneylender and a little sum of money is left for the use of the farmer himself. The only help a small farmer gets is that of his family members.

Question 10: How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?

Answer: Medium and large farmers usually have surplus cash by selling their farm produce. Since they own more land, they can produce more crops, which leads to higher earnings. They often have enough surplus from their produce to reinvest in farming, such as buying better seeds, fertilizers, and modern equipment to enhance productivity.

Small farmers, on the other hand, usually lack sufficient surplus and often have to borrow money to meet their capital needs. Since they do not have sufficient property banks usually don’t give them loans. They have to depend on the local merchant and moneylender for loans.

Question 11: On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tajpal Singh? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?

Answer: Savita required money to buy seeds, fertilisers and pesticides, and water for irrigation. She also needed money to repair her farm instruments. So, she decided to borrow money from Tejpal Singh, a large farmer in her village. Tejpal Singh agreed to give the loan at an interest rate of 24 per cent for four months which is a very high interest rate. Savit also had to agree on his land for ₹100 per day.

Savita’s condition would have been better if she could get a loan from the bank. The bank would have provided her with the loan at a lower rate of interest. Lower interest rates would reduce the financial strain on her, making it easier to repay the loan. Moreover, Savita could have spent more time in her field instead of working for Tejpal Singh as a farm labourer.

Question 12: Talk to some old residents in your region and write a short report on the changes in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30 years.

Answer:  Students must do this question based on their own observations.

Question 13: What are the non-farm production activities taking place in your region? Make a short list.

Answer: The non-farm production activities taking place in our region are:

• Transportation
• General Stores

Question 14: What can be done so that more non-farm production activities can be started in villages?

Answer: Things that need to be done to encourage non-farm production activities in villages:

• Improving infrastructure such as roads, electricity, water supply, and internet connectivity can make villages more accessible and viable for various businesses.
• Offering training programs to enhance the skills of the rural workforce can enable villagers to start their own enterprises.
• Facilitating easier access to affordable credit can help prospective entrepreneurs invest start non-farm activities.
• Implementing supportive government policies and incentives such as subsidies, tax exemptions can encourage the establishment of new non-farm businesses.

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NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 – The Story Of Village Palampur

Home » NCERT Solutions » NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 – The Story Of Village Palampur

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There is scope for development in India since more than 60% of our population is still in primary occupation, mainly farming. The NCERT Solutions for class 9 Economics chapter 1 takes the children on a virtual tour by creating a story and realistic characters to bring out the hard facts of the production process in a village. To dwell on production, we will consider a hypothetical village called Palampur in NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1. The main occupation of Palampur is farming grains and other food products. The rest of the people are involved in small scale industries like dairy, transport etc. This village is chosen as a model to make the students aware of the resource requirements, challenges of production and how it provides services to the villagers. The vicious cycle ends up widening the economic disparity inherent in our society. 

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 provides detailed and authentic answers to all the textbook questions. Through those, the students can understand, remember and retain answers to NCERT questions and thus, perform well in exams

Students may register with Extramarks to access NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1.

Key Topics Covered In NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1

The tabular representation below covers the topics under NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1

A brief of the topics covered under NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 is as under. 

1.1 Introduction

The NCERT Economics Class 9 Chapter 1 revolves around a typical Indian village called Palampur, where farming is the main occupation and secondary manufacturing is still underdeveloped. This village has done well for itself, having basic amenities like electricity, road, transport, health centre, schools and irrigation for farming. With the stage set, Chapter 1 takes us through the different production activities in Palampur, showcasing the need to preserve natural resources, the effects of modern techniques in farming, the imbalance in the demand and supply of labour, and non-farming activities being the need of the hour. 

1.2 Three prongs of production

There are three essentials of a production process as explained in the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1:-

• The land is where production activities like farming, manufacturing, forestry etc., occur. Natural resources like soil minerals, water, trees etc., are utilised from the land. Land soil is a perishable resource if not nurtured with care.
• Human resources are the labour force which performs tasks like ploughing fields, cutting trees, harvesting crops, operating machinery and supervising the production activity.
• Capital can be fixed assets like buildings, tools, machines, computers, generators, vehicles, etc. Or they can be operating expenses like raw materials, money, water and electricity, which are utilised in production.

1.3 Approach to improved farming

Through NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 students learn that practically every production activity in Palampur required electricity, be it farming, factories, dairy or retail stores. It was an advantage for farmers to have electrical tube wells which could supply water more efficiently throughout the year, rather than pinning hopes on rainfall to irrigate their land. The farmers were able to do away with the age-old Persian wheel mechanism of physically drawing water from the wells.

With irrigation in place, the farmers looked at other challenges to maximise using the available cultivable land. That is how multiple cropping came to existence, as elaborated in the NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1. Different crops were grown in different seasons and various portions of land, making it possible to get at least 3 to 4 varieties of produce from the same ground over a year. 

Subsequently came the Green Revolution and its modern method of farming which introduced the farmers to high yielding seeds. This phenomenon tripled the production but, at the same time, demanded high quantities of water and increased usage of synthetic fertilisers and pesticides to protect the crop. The NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 tells us about the pitfalls of this method. 

The rich harvests made farmers rich. They could now afford more machinery, synthetic fertilisers and pesticides for more produce. The influx of chemicals led to the depletion of soil fertility. We further learn in the NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 that the non-biodegradable chemicals kill the beneficial bacteria and microorganisms in the soil and eventually get washed down to lakes and rivers, thus polluting the environment. Increased and continuous groundwater use affects the water table; another negative on the environment.

1.4 Land distribution in Palampur

As is the case in most villages in India, there is an unequal division of land in Palampur. Of the 450 families residing, one third are the poor Dalits and SC community, who do not own any cultivable land. They end up as farm labourers. About 240 families are the small and medium farmers who own about 2 hectares (1 hectare = 100 square metres) or lesser land. The remaining population of landlords and large farmers have above 2 hectares of land each. Land distribution is crucial as it gives us insight into each family’s yield capability. From the NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1, we see that the less  privileged villagers borrow money at high interest to invest in their farms or make ends meet. Unable to clear debts in time, they end up as daily wage workers or even giving up their land to the big farmers or moneylenders.

1.5 Daily wages 

Medium and large farmers often hire labourers who come from landless families or the families of small farmers. They work for daily wages, in cash or kind (meals or food crops). The NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1  mentions that in March 2019, the government had directed that a daily wage labourer is entitled to a minimum of Rs. 300/- per day. But due to pressures of clearing their debts, the landless families, small farmers and sometimes the medium farmers end up working at much lower wages than their entitlement.

1.6 Means of capital for small, medium and large farmers

Usually, the surplus (after consumption for their own family and some kept for the future) from the harvest is sold in nearby markets to generate cash. The raw material, tools and machinery for the next round of production are purchased. The NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 talks about how large farmers can reinvest easily and deposit money in their bank accounts. Medium farmers may not have enough to start an account in a bank, as their surplus is limited. On the other hand, small farmers and landless families are literally in a ‘hand to mouth’ situation and end up borrowing more and more money. 

1.7 Small scale industries and their growth

The poor wages and unemployment often drives the labour toward big towns or cities seeking better opportunities. In NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1, we see that people are engaged in other employment like dairy farming, shopkeeping, transport, small scale manufacturing industries and computer centres. Some of these do not require heavy investments, and the operating costs are also not very high. These activities help the low-income family with their daily needs and not depend totally on farming.

1.8 Role of government  

The NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 brings out the role of the government’s help to uplift the economically backward section of the village. Budding entrepreneurs should have access to loans at lower interest rates. The government needs to support non-farming activities by providing necessary infrastructure like markets, roads, transport facilities etc. Education and essential health care facilities are another impetus that the governing bodies should look into for the community’s economic development. 

NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Exercises &  Solutions

NCERT Solutions provide detailed and authentic answers to all the textbook questions. Through those, the students can understand, remember and retain answers to NCERT questions and thus, perform well in exams

The practical exercises offered in the NCERT Economics Class 9 Chapter 1 make learning more interesting for the students. The team at Extramarks believes in this theory to impart knowledge to the students and make them strong in the subject so that each student performs very well in their CBSE examinations. Students may refer to the essential questions and answers given in the link below.

Students may refer to the links provided below to refer to NCERT Solutions for various other grades.

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Key Features of NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1

The NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 explains the production activities through an example of a typical village in India. Students learn about the integrals of production, i.e. land, labour and capital. This chapter explains electricity requirements, measures to increase output, the economic disparity, exploitation of the labour force and non-farming methods as an alternative occupation. 

NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 has been put together by experienced teachers and experts from Extramarks to include actual production and economic development aspects in a village. There are sufficient examples, tables and illustrations to make every student understand the subject. The team at Extramarks have ensured that the syllabus of NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 is as per NCERT guidelines. 

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Q.1 Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Census and some of details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur.

a. Location:

b. Total Area of the Village

c. Land use (in hectares)

d. Facilities

• Location: It is a hypothetical village which resembles a village of the western part of the state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located 3 kilometers from a big village Raiganj. Also, the nearest town is Shahpur.
• Total Area of the Village: 226 hectares
• Land use (in hectares):

Q.2 Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?

Yes, I agree that modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. For example:

• Modern farming methods require HYV seeds, insecticides, pesticides, chemical fertilisers in huge quantity which are produced in industries.
• For ploughing and harvesting, farmers are using tractors and threshers which are manufactured in industries.
• For irrigational purposes farmers use electric-run tube-well equipments and water pumps that also are manufactured in industries.

Q.3 How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?

Electricity reached early to Palampur which transformed the life of farmers of Palampur in following manners:

• Earlier farmers were using Persian wheels to draw water from wells and irrigate field. With the advent of electric run tube-wells farmers can irrigate much larger areas of land more effectively and efficiently.
• Farmers were dependent on rainfall for agricultural activities, now with the advent of electric run irrigational equipments farmers can grow two crops on a piece of land during a year.
• It also helped farmers in setting up small businesses where the machines run on electricity.

Q.4 Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?

Yes, it is important to increase the area under irrigation for the following reasons:

• Population is increasing and thereby the need to increase food production is imperative. But there is constraint to increase land under cultivation, thus the only alternative to increase productivity is to increase area under irrigation.
• Rainfall is unevenly distributed and in India most of the farmers depend on monsoon for agriculture. It shows if India receives less rainfall, then production will be low.
• Overtime farmers are adopting modern methods of agriculture like using HYV seeds, multiple cropping, crop rotations, etc. that command good irrigational facilities.

Q.5 Construct a table on the distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur.

Q.6 Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?

The wages for farm labourers in Palampur are lower than the wages for farm labourers set by the government due to intense competition. There is heavy competition among the farmers for work in Palampur, so farmers get ready to work for lower wages.

Q.7 In your region, talk to two labourers. Choose either farm labourers or labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?

In our region, I talked to two labourers named Rama and Krishna. They are brothers. They are working on constructional sites.

They get ` 300 daily which is paid in cash and lunch in the afternoon which is in kind.

They do not get work regularly because after the completion of one project they have to find another option. Secondly, there is huge competition in getting work. When they are not able to compete, they remain unemployed.

They are in debt because they had borrowed money from money lender for construction of their house in their home town. Since, they do not have regular source of earnings, they have to borrow to meet their daily expenses.

Q.8 What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use example to explain.

The following ways can be followed to increase production on the same piece of land:

• Multiple Cropping: To grow more than one crop on the same piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way to increase production. For example, farmers in Palampur grow at least two crops and many farmers also grow third crop every year from past fifteen to twenty years.
• Adoption of modern methods: By adopting modern agricultural methods like use of HYV seeds, farmers can increase their production. They can use insecticide, pesticide, tubewells, etc. to increase yield per acre. For example farmers of Punjab, Haryana, Western UP, are increasingly adopting these methods.

Q.9 Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land.

A farmer who owns 1 hectare of land for farming is called as subsistence farmer. The size of 1 hectare of land is very less and not suitable for the cultivation with modern equipments. On this land, farmer practices traditional methods of agriculture. Since the size of land is small and the application of new methods of irrigation, use of insecticides, pesticides, is limited. With this production farmer may not be able to manage his family in the whole year. For the survival of his family, he has to work on rich farmer’s field or has to do some other work. He may also have to take loan to buy inputs for cultivation and pay hefty interest rates. For the repayment of loan he may be put to distress.

Q.10 How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?

Medium and large farmers use their own savings to obtain capital for farming. They have accumulated this savings from farming.

In contrast to the medium and large farmers, small farmers borrow money from large farmers or village money lenders or traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. With this borrowing small farmers arrange capital for farming. They pay hefty interest on such borrowings. Sometime, they face difficult situations to repay loan.

Q.11 On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tajpal Singh? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?

Savita is a small farmer as she owns 1 hectare of land. She decides to cultivate wheat. As she does not have money, she decides to borrow from Tejpal, a large farmer. On the following terms she got money from Tejpal Singh:

Savita borrowed money at an interest rate of 24 % for four months, which is a hefty interest rate.

She promised to work on Tejpal’s Singh field as a farm labourer during harvest season at Rs 35 per day. This wage is quite low as compared to minimum wages for a farm labourer set by the government i.e. Rs 115.

Banks, self-help groups and cooperatives charge very low interest rates as compared to the interest rate charged by Tejpal Singh, a money lender. So, if Savita had taken loan from bank, she would have been paying very low interest rate and she would have not been forced to work as bonded labour. Repayment of loan could have been easier for her and her condition would have been far better.

Q.12 Talk to some old residents in your region and write a short report on the changes in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30 years. (Optional)

After having word with two old residents Sitaraman and Harvinder Singh in our region, I came to know that there is huge change in irrigation and production methods.

They told us, earlier Persian wheels were used to draw water from wells but now with the advent of electric run tube-wells, farmers can irrigate much larger areas of land more effectively and efficiently.

In farming, traditional methods like ox plough, wooden threshers, were used for ploughing and threshing respectively. These methods were time consuming and difficult.

Earlier farmers were using ordinary seeds, cow dung and leaves manure. Now the farmers are using HYV seeds, insecticide, pesticides, etc. which are produced in factory.

Q.13 What are the non-farm production activities taking place in your region? Make a short list.

Following non-farming activities are taking place in our region:

(1) Dairying: Dairying is a common activity in our region. People have opened dairy and indulge in sales and purchase of dairy products.

(2) Small scale manufacturing: Most of the people are engaged in manufacturing. Manufacturing in our region involves very simple production methods or modern production methods. Small production methods are being practiced on a small scale. It is done with the help of family members or hired. It is generally carried at home or at small manufacturing unit. Modern production methods are found at few places in our region.

(3) Trading: People are involved in trading. The traders in our region are shopkeepers who buy various goods from the wholesale markets located in cities and sell them in our area. There are small general stores in the village selling a wide range of items like rice, wheat, sugar, tea, oil, biscuits, soaps etc. Few families whose houses are close to the bus stand are using a part of space to open small shops.

(4) Other activities: People are indulged as medical professionals, lawyers, rickshaw pullers, teachers, government employees, etc.

Q.14 What can be done so that more non-farm production activities can be started in villages?

The following methods can be done to start more non-farm production activities in villages:

• Institutional loans at low interest rates should be provided to villagers to start non-farm activities like for opening a new shop. Borrowing procedure should be made borrower friendly.
• Government should provide education and trainings facilities to villagers. These will act as foundation for new set ups for e.g. training for setting up computer training institutes.
• Good marketing channels can be developed in villages. These channels help in marketing handicrafts, artisans work, etc.
• Basic infrastructure like road, electricity, communication, commutation facilities needs to be improved.
• Industries should be invited in villages to create employment opportunities.

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Faqs (frequently asked questions), 1. what are the possible questions from ncert solutions for class 9 economics chapter 1 should the students prepare for the cbse examination.

Students may note the following questions from NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1.

• What is the organisation of production?
• Elaborate on multiple crop farming and modern farming methods; what are their pros and cons?
• How does the unequal division of land affect the small and medium farmers?
• What measures should we take to encourage non-farming activities?

2. How do the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 help understand the concept of production in rural India?

The team in Extramarks have included many hypothetical scenarios, diagrams, pictures, tables and illustrations to explain each topic in this chapter. Suggestions given in NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 for possible field assignments and projects by experts at Extramarks will further invoke the interest of the subject in the students and help them understand concepts easily. This way, students have the edge over their peer group and will excel in their studies and examinations.

3. Is the syllabus covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 enough to perform well in the CBSE examination?

The team at Extramarks has prepared the NCERT Solutions for class 9 Economics Chapter 1 syllabus from the CBSE examination point of view  and in line with NCERT guidelines. Children should study and revise the subject before the examination. They can take up the suggested field activities to improve their knowledge. To help them further, Extramarks have a questions and solutions section at the end of this chapter that will prepare them well for the CBSE examinations.

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Extra Questions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur

Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur extra questions and answers available here in PDF format. Solving class 9 extra questions help students to revise the Chapter most competently. We prepared these questions with PDF as per the latest NCERT book and CBSE syllabus. Practising these questions before the exam will ensure excellent marks in the exam.

Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers

Very short answer questions.

1. Sugarcane crushing undertaken in the village is what type of activity? Answer:  Sugarcane crushing undertaken in the village is the first step in manufacture of jaggery from raw sugarcane. Thus, it is a manufacturing activity. 

2. What is the main economic activity in village Palampur? Answer:  The main economic activity in village Palampur is agriculture.

3. What are the factors of production? Answer:  Land, labour, physical capital and human capital are the factors of production. 

4. What was the major advantage of using HYV seeds in agriculture? Answer:  The major advantage of using HYV seeds in agriculture is growing more crops on the same piece of land. 

5. What are the non-farming activities being carried out in Palampur? Answer:  Some of the non-farming activities being carried out in Palampur include manufacturing, transport, shop keeping and computer education.

6. Who runs the Primary Health Centre in Palampur? Answer:  The Primary Health Centre in Palampur is run by the government. 

7. What is multiple cropping? Answer:  Multiple cropping means that we grow more than one crop on the same piece of land in a year.

8. Why is loss of soil fertility occurring as an effect of the Green Revolution? Answer:  During the Green Revolution, due to the extra crops produced which utilized the soil nutrients fully, no nutrients were left for the next crop.

9. What is the disadvantage in using chemical fertilizers in modern farming methods? Answer:  The chemicals kill bacteria and microbes, which are essential for soil fertility. 

10. What is the standard unit for measurement of agricultural land? Answer:  Hectare is the standard unit for measurement of agricultural land. Bigha and Guintha are local units used in different parts of India. 

11. Is it correct that more than half the farmers of Palampur cultivate small plots of landless than 10 hectares in size? Answer:  This is incorrect, because more than half the farmers of Palampur are small farmers. The plots of these farmers are less than 2 hectares, not less than 10 hectares. 

12. What is the major reason for people to migrate from rural areas to urban areas? Answer:  They migrate in search of better employment opportunities. 

13. Which crop out of rice, sugarcane or wheat is a Kharif crop? Answer:  Rice is a Kharif crop.

14. Is it true that food grains output in India has increased significantly in the last few years because larger areas of land have been brought under cultivation? Answer:  This is not true, because the food grains output has increased due to use of modern methods of agriculture. 

15. In 2003, the area cultivated by small farmers in India was how much percentage of the total cultivated area? Answer:  The area cultivated by small farmers in India was 36 per cent of the total cultivated area. 

16. Is it true that running a collection cum milk chilling centre in Raiganj is a trading activity? Answer:  Yes, since the milk chilling centre is buying the milk from the villagers and selling it to the dairy in the towns/cities. Thus, it is a trading activity. 

17. Which items out of a tractor, clay, HYV seeds or a truck will be considered as fixed capital for non-farm activities? Answer:  Only a truck is not used in non-farming activity and it is a fixed capital to be used again and again for transportation of goods. 

18. Which organizations in India have been developing High Yielding Varieties of seeds? Answer:  Development of High Yielding Varieties (HYV) seeds is a research activity, which can only be carried out in research laboratories. 

19. Can we consider rainfall as a source of irrigation? Answer:  No, because irrigation implies provision of water to crops artificially, whereas rainfall is natural. 

20. Name the Indian states who were first to try out the modern farming methods in India.  Answer:  Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were first to try out modern farming methods in India.

21. What term is used for measuring the crop produced on given piece of land during a single year? Answer:  Yield is measured as crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season. 

22. During which season do farmers of Palampur grow jowar and bajra? Answer:  During rainy season (kharif) farmers of Palampur grow jowar and bajra.

23. In which season is wheat grown in Palampur village? Answer:  During rabi season (winter) wheat is grown in Palampur village. 

24. What are ‘Bigha’ and ‘Guintha’? Answer:  Bigha and Guintha are the measuring units of land area in villages. 

25. What do you understand by the term “Marginal farmers”? Answer:  Marginal farmers are those who do not have sufficient land for farming.

26. Which is the most labor absorbing sector of the economy? Answer:  Agriculture is the most labor absorbing sector of the economy. 

27. Which state of India has highest consumption of chemical fertilizer in India? Answer:  Punjab has highest consumption of chemical fertilizer in India.        

28. What percentage of total land area is cultivated by medium and large farmers in India? Answer:  64 per cent total land area is cultivated by medium and large farmers in India. 

29. Where do most of the small farmers borrow money to arrange for capital in Palampur?  Answer:  Most of the small farmers borrow money from village moneylenders in Palampur. 

30. What does ‘yield’ mean? Answer:  Yield is measured as crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season.

31. How did Green Revolution benefit the Indian farmer? Answer:  The Green Revolution in late 1960’s introduced the Indian farmer to high yielding variety of seeds to produce much greater amount of grain on a single plant.

32. How were higher yields of wheat and rice possible? Answer:  Higher yields were possible only from a combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides etc.

33. How do farm laborers get wages in Palampur? Answer:  Wages can be in cash or kind (crop). Sometimes laborers get meals also. Wages vary widely from crop to crop, from one farm activity to another.

34. How small farmers manage the capital needed for farming? Answer:  Small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital.

35. How do medium and large farmers manage capital? Answer:  The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are thus able to arrange for the capital needed.

36. What is the basic difference between two factors of production-land and capital? Answer:  Land is a natural resource whereas money is man-made. It is possible to increase capital, whereas land is fixed.  

37. Name the non-farm activities of Palampur? Answer:  Dairy farming, small scale manufacturing, trade, shop keeping and providing transport services.

38. Which means of transport are used by people of Palampur?  Answer:  There are rickshawallahs, tongawallahs, jeeps, tractors, trucks, bullock carts and bogeys to transport goods and people to nearby village and towns of Palampur.      

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Which crop out of sugarcane, bajra or wheat are kharif crops?

Answer:   Bajra is a rapid growing warm weather crop suitable for areas with 40 to 75 cm of annual rainfall. Thus, it is suitable for the kharif season, which is between July and October. Wheat is not suitable for warm weather and sugarcane requires a full year to grow. 

2. Identify which out of land, seeds, machinery and building is in the category of working capital.

Answer:  Seeds, once used, cannot be used again and so they fall in the category of working capital. Land, machinery and building are fixed capital, as they can be used again and again. 

3. What are the constituents of modern farming methods?

Answer:   The constituents of modern farming methods are use of high yielding variety of seeds, using chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as using plenty of water for irrigation.

4. When large and medium farmers sell their surplus produce in the market, what are the purposes to which they use this income?

Answer:  A part of the earnings is saved and kept as capital for the next season. Thus, they are able to arrange for the capital for farming from their own savings. Some farmers also use the savings to buy cattle, trucks or use it in other non-agricultural activities. 

5. Which farmers out of landless farmers, small farmers or medium and large farmers, hire labour to work in the fields?

Answer:  Landless farmers are hired as laborers are hired. Small farmers do not need additional labour, as they work with their family members in the fields. Only the medium and large farmers have extensive work, which makes them hire additional labour. 

6. How is land resource affected by modem farming methods? Answer:  Land being a natural resource, it is necessary to be very careful in its use. Scientific reports indicate that the modern farming methods have overused the natural resource base. 

7. How do chemical fertilizers affect the soil?

Answer:  Chemical fertilizers provide minerals which dissolve in water and are immediately available to plants. But these may not be retained in the soil for long. They may escape from the soil and pollute groundwater, rivers and lakes. 

8. Who are the farm laborers working for medium and large farmers?

Answer:  Farm laborers come either from landless families or families cultivating small plots of land. Unlike farmers, farm laborers do not have a right over the crops grown on the land, they are paid wages by the farmer.

9. From where small farmers borrow money?

Answer:  Small farmers either borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high which makes it difficult for them to repay.

10. What do large and medium farmers do with their surplus farm products?

Answer:  Large and medium farmers sell the surplus farm products. A part of the earnings is saved and kept for buying capital for the next season. Some farmers might also use the savings to buy cattle, trucks or to set up shops.

11. How is dairy farming practiced in Palampur?

Answer:  Many families sell the milk of their buffalos, in nearby village Raiganj. Traders of Shahpur town have set up collection cum chilling centers at Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far away towns and cities.

12. What kind of manufacturing units are set up in Palampur?

Answer:  Manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and is done on a small scale. It is carried out mostly at home or in the fields with the help of family labour. 

13. What kinds of shops are set up in Palampur?

Answer:   There are small general stores selling items like rice, wheat, sugar, tea, oil, biscuits, soaps, toothpaste, batteries, candles, notebooks, pens, pencils and even some clothes. There are shops for eatables too. 

14. Name the main and other activities of the village of Palampur.

Answer:   Farming is the main activity in Palampur. Other activities are small -scale manufacturing, dairy, transport, etc. They also have small shops selling a wide range of items like rice, wheat, sugar, tea, oil, biscuits, soaps, etc.

15. What all facilities are available in the village?

Answer:  Most of the houses have electric connections. Electricity is used to run tubewells in fields and for many other purposes. Palampur has two primary schools and one high school. There is a primary health centre run by the government and one private dispensary where the sick are treated. It also has a well-developed system of roads and transport facilities.

16. In what way is Kareem’s capital and labour different from Mishrilal?

Answer:  Both have fixed capital in the form of machines, but Kareem has a larger fixed capital because he has asset in the form of computers which are more expensive than the sugarcane crushing machine. Kareem has also employed educated and qualified computer teachers, whereas Mishrilal’s labour is mainly unskilled labor. 

17. Why didn’t someone start a computer centre earlier? Discuss the possible reasons.

Answer:  Reasons why someone didn’t start a computer centre may be any of the following: (i)  As very few educated people were there in the village, there was not any demand for computer courses.                                   (ii)  The villagers were not aware of the employment potential of computer courses and so nobody thought that such a business could be successful. (iii)  Teaching faculty for computer courses was not available in the village earlier. 

18. Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?

Answer:   Yes, it is true that modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. For example:  HYV seeds, insecticides, pesticides and chemical fertilizers needed for increasing the yield per hectare are all manufactured in industries.

19. Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?

Answer:   Yes, it is important to increase the area under irrigation because water is very essential for agriculture. In India, the rainfall is unevenly distributed in the country and if rainfall is less, then production will be low, and they will be only able to grow one crop in a season.

20. State the various ways of growing more crop from the same land by the people of Palampur. Answer:  To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year: (i)  Modern farming methods like HYV seeds, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, etc. were used. (ii)  Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced to the farmers, the cultivation of wheat and rice by using high yielding variety seeds.

21. What is the ‘multiple cropping’ system?

Answer:  Multiple cropping is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land. When more than one crop in grown on a piece of land, during the year, it is known as multiple cropping system. All the farmers in Palampur grow at least two main crops and grow potatoes as their third crop.

22. How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?

Answer: (i)  Electricity enabled the use of tubewells which improved the system of irrigation, leading to more yield, more income and further investment. (ii)  Shops, sugarcane machines, small-scale industries and computer centers were introduced by the farmers to get supplement income.

23. Describe the condition of landless farmer like Dala, of Palampur village. 

Answer:   Dala is a landless farm laborer who works on daily wages in Palampur. This means he must regularly look for work. The minimum wages for a farm laborer set by the government is 115 per day, but Dala gets only 80. There is heavy competition for work among the farm laborers in Palampur. So, people agree to work for lower wages.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. List the changes in Palampur due to the advent of electric power in the village.

Answer:  The advent of electric power in Palampur has brought about the following changes: (i)  Irrigation is now done through electric run tube wells, which has reduced the dependence of the farmers upon rainfall and enables larger areas of land to be irrigated. (ii)  Irrigation improvement allowed farmers to grow three different crops in a year. (iii)  It enabled Mishrilal to set up a sugarcane crushing machine so that he can sell jaggery manufactured by him to the traders at Shahpur. 

2. The farm laborers in Palampur usually earn less than the minimum wage. Why?

Answer:  The use of modem agricultural implements like tractors, threshers and harvesters by the large and medium farmers has reduced the amount of agricultural labour required. So, there is competition for work among the agricultural laborers in the village. Knowing that the supply is much more than the demand, the laborers themselves agree to work for wages that are lower than minimum wages. The farmers exploit this condition of excess labour supply and force laborers to work for low wages. 

3. What is the difference between multiple cropping and modern farming method?

Answer:  Multiple Cropping:  To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land. Modern Farming Method The farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh use HYV seeds, tube wells for irrigation, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as machinery like tractors and threshers to increase the production. All these measures comprise what are known as modern farming methods.

4. Why are farm laborers like Dala and Ramkali poor?

Answer:   (i)  Dala and Ramkali are landless farm laborers who work on daily wages in Palampur. (ii)  The minimum wages for farm laborer set by the government is 115 per day, they get only 80. (iii)  There is heavy competition for work among the farm laborers in Palampur, so people agree to work for lower wages. (iv)  They remain out of work for most parts of the year and have to take loans from the moneylender to fulfill their needs. Due to this seasonal unemployment, they remain poor and are unable to repay the loan and fall into a debt trap. 

5. Gosaipur and Majauli are two villages in North Bihar. Out of a total of 850 households in the two villages, there are more than 250 men who are employed in rural Punjab and Haryana or in Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Hyderabad or Nagpur. Such migration is common in most villages across in India. Why do people migrate? Can you describe based on your imagination the work that the migrants of Gosaipur and Majauli might do at the place of destination?

Answer:  Mostly people migrate in search of employment or better job opportunities to the cities like Mumbai, Delhi, etc or to the prosperous agricultural regions like Punjab and Haryana to work as farm laborers. (i)  This migration usually takes place when a person is unemployed or in extreme poverty, which may be due to lack of land, displacement, negative impact of natural  disasters like drought or floods, etc. (ii)  The migrants from Gosaipur and Majauli who went to cities will probably find work as casual laborers, industrial workers, street hawkers, rickshaw pullers, headload workers or as servants in homes and hotels, etc. (iii)  Those who went to rural areas of Punjab and Haryana will probably work as farm laborers since agriculture is the main occupation of the rural people in these states.

6. How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?

Answer:  (i)  Most of the houses in Palampur have electric connections.   (ii)  Electricity powers all the tube wells in the fields that help to irrigate much larger areas of land more effectively as compared to the traditional Persian wheel drawn by bullocks. Since the entire cultivated area of 200 hectares had come under irrigation farmers did not have to depend on rainfall and could grow multiple crops.   (iii)  It helps small businesses run their machinery like Mishrilal’s sugarcane crushing machine.

7. In your region, talk to two laborers Choose either farm laborers or laborers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?

Answer:   (i)  In our region, there are two labourers namely Ram Khilawan and Basanti, who are husband and wife working as casual constructing labourers. Due to drought, they had to leave their village in search of employment. They get approximately 50 to 60 rupees per day which they are paid in cash.   (ii)  They do not get work regularly because there are a large number of workers seeking employment, due to which they agree to work for low wages. Because of irregular work and low wages they are unable to fulfill their needs and are in debt.  

8. What are the main factors for production of goods and services?

Answer: (i)  The first requirement is land and other natural resources like water, forests, minerals, etc. (ii)  The second requirement is labor, i.e., the people who will do the work. Some activities require educated workers to perform the necessary task and other activities require workers who can do manual work. (iii)  The third requirement is physical capital, i.e., the variety of inputs required at every stage during production. It includes fixed capital and working capital. (iv)  Fourth requirement-knowledge and entrepreneur. 

9. State the main reasons why farmers are able to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur.

Answer:  The main reasons are: (i)  A well-developed system of irrigation. (ii)  Electricity came early to Palampur. It was perceived to help in transforming the system of irrigation as the earlier Persian wheels, till then, were used to draw water from wells to irrigate small fields. (iii)  People noticed that electric-run tubewells could irrigate much large areas of land more effectively.

10. What do you understand by the term ‘Green Revolution’?

Answer:  The ‘Green Revolution’ was introduced in India, in the late 1960s. Indian farmers used it for the production of major food crops like wheat and rice. They made use of the High Yielding Variety seeds, which produced much greater yield than the traditional seeds. However, they needed plenty of water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results.

11. What are the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers?

Answer:  Chemical fertilizers provide minerals which dissolve in water and are immediately available to plants. But they may escape from the soil and pollute the groundwater, rivers and lakes. Chemical fertilizers can also kill bacteria and other micro-organisms in the soil. It means sometimes, after their use, the soil will be less fertile than ever before. So, continuous use of chemical fertilizers has led to the degradation of the soil’s health.

12. Is it important to increase the area under irrigation and why?

Answer:  More area under irrigation would lead to more yield or production to fulfill the needs of the population. More yield would fetch more income to the farmers. It would provide more employment opportunities for them. Their supplement income can provide them more capital for further investment in non-farm activities also.

13. Why are the wages for farm laborers in Palampur less than the minimum wages?

Answer: (i)  Employment is less and farmers are more and therefore, farmers have to be content with what they were earning. (ii)  Land is owned by landlords who desire to earn more and more profits by giving minimum wages. (iii)  The farmers are illiterate and unaware of the minimum amount set by the government.

14. Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land or small holding.

Answer:  The farmer with a small land of 1 hectare needs less capital to prepare his land. He uses traditional seeds, animals to plough, less labor, no machines, less chemical fertilizers or manure. He does irrigation manually and is helped by his family members to do the work of harvesting. The production from hectare of his land is consumed by his family.

15. On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a lower rate of interest?

Answer:  Tejpal Singh, a large farmer gave Savita a loan at an interest rate of 24 per cent for four months, which is a high rate of interest. Savita also promised to work on his field as a farm labourer during the harvest season at ` 35 per day, which is a low wage rate. Yes, Savita’s condition would have been different, if she could get a loan from the bank, since it would be given at lower interest rate, and without any condition.

16. What can be done by the government to start more non-farm activities in the  villages to improve the farmers’ conditions?

Answer: (i)  The government should provide capital to the villagers for starting new business like shops, dairy farming, transport, etc. (ii)  Banks should be set up in the villages to provide loans to the farmers at low interest rates. (iii)  People should be made literate so that they are qualified to start a new business like computer training courses in computer centers.

17. Differentiate between physical and human capital.

Answer:   (i)  Physical capital is the variety of inputs required at every stage during production whereas labor, which works on the physical capital, is called human capital. (ii)  Tools and machines, buildings etc. can be used in production over many years whereas human capital can produce the output only if they have experience to do a particular work. (iii)  Tools, machines, generators etc. are the examples of physical capital and human capital can belong to any profession like a farmer, a farm laborer, a factory worker etc.

18. Explain the types of activities necessary for production. Answer: (i)  Farming is the main activity for the production and sale of crops. (ii)  Non-farm activities include small-scale manufacturing, transport, shopkeeping, dairy farms etc. These activities help in other productions needed in a village. (iii)  There are people who do cattle-rearing to provide milk and getting surplus income for their families.

19. What means of transportation are used in the village of Palampur?

Answer:   Many kinds of transport are used by the people of village of Palampur. They use bullock carts, tongas, rickshaws, bogeys and goods. They are also used for loading jaggery and other commodities to their neighboring farms like Raiganj. Motor vehicles like motorcycles, jeeps, tractors and trucks etc. are used to transport people with their surplus crops to sell it to their neighboring villages.

20. What kind of people live in the village Palampur?

Answer:   This village has about 450 families belonging to several different castes. The 80 upper caste families own the majority of land in the village. Their houses, some of them quite large, are made of brick with cement plastering. The SCs (dalits) comprise one-third of the population and live in one corner of the village and in much smaller homes, some of which are of mud and straw.

21. What are the ill-effects of Green Revolution?

Answer:  In many areas. Green Revolution is associated with the loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers. Also, continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has reduced the water table below the ground. Environmental resources like soil fertility and groundwater are built up over many years. Once destroyed, it is very difficult to restore them.

22. How surplus farm products are sold by the farmers? 

Answer:   Let us assume that farmers have produced wheat on their land. They retain a part of the wheat for the family consumption and sell the surplus wheat. Small farmers like Savita have little surplus wheat because their total production is small and from this a substantial share is kept for their own family needs. The medium and large farmers supply wheat to the market which the traders buy and sell it further to shopkeepers in the towns and cities. 

23. Define Physical Capital, Fixed Capital, Working Capital and Human Capital with examples.

Answer: (i) Physical capital:  Physical capital is the variety of inputs required at every stage during production. It includes fixed capital and working capital.

(ii) Fixed capital:  Tools and machines range from a plough to a tractor and sophisticated machines like generators, turbines, computers, etc. The tools, machines, buildings which can be used in production over many years are called fixed capital.

(iii) Working capital:  Production requires a variety of raw materials. It requires money to make payments and buy other necessary items. Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital. Unlike tools and machines, these are used up in production. For example:  Yarn required by a weaver; clay used by a potter.

(iv) Human capital:  One needs knowledge and enterprise to be able to put together land, labour and physical capital and produce an output; either to use it by oneself or to sell in the market. This is known as human capital, which enables better production with human skill and knowledge.

24. What are the merits and demerits of the Green Revolution?

Answer:   Merits of the Green Revolution:  Green Revolution introduced a number of modern farming methods in India. (i)  Higher yield due to the use of HYV seeds. (ii)  Machines like harvesters, tractors and threshers have made ploughing and harvesting faster and easier. (iii)  Higher yield enabled farmers to sell the surplus food in the market and earn more. (iv)  Pesticides and insecticides are able to protect the crops from pests and insects. (v)  A good irrigation system is able to enhance crop production.

Demerits of the Green Revolution  (i)  Loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers. (ii)  Continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has reduced the water table below the ground. (iii)  The chemical fertilizers, easily soluble in water, can dissolve in the groundwater and pollute it. (iv)  They can kill bacteria and other micro-organisms helpful for the soil. (v)  Excessive use of fertilizers can also make the soil alkaline and unfit for cultivation. 

25. What are the different ways of increasing production? Give examples.

Answer:  The different ways of increasing production are:

(a) Multiple cropping:  Under this method, more than one crop is raised on the same piece of land during a year. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land. It is possible if a well-developed system of irrigation exists. Generally, a crop like potato is cultivated between two seasonal crops like rice and wheat.

(b) Modern farming methods:  Under modern farming methods, high yielding variety of seeds and chemicals are used. (i)  High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds are used in place of the traditional seeds to increase the production. (ii)  Chemical fertilizers are used instead of cow-dung and natural manure. (iii)  Insecticides, pesticides, herbicides and irrigation through tubewells are sed in modern farming methods. (iv)  Machines like tractors, harvesters and threshers are used to make the farmer’s job easier and faster. 

26. How do medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from small farmers?

Answer:  (i)  Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high and these farmers are in great stress to repay loans.

(ii)  In contrast to the small farmers, medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They use this saving to arrange for next year’s capital and make high profits by selling surplus production and earning higher amounts. Sometimes, they deposit their savings in a bank or lend their money to small farmers or save their savings or buy cattle, truck or to set up shops. 27. Which non-farm activities are practised in Palampur? Write a short note.

Answer:  The non-farm activities of Palampur are: (a) Dairy farming: (i)  People feed their buffaloes with various kinds of grass, jowar, bajra that grows during the rainy season. (ii)  The milk is sold in nearby villages. (iii)  Some people have set up collection centers and chilling centers from where milk is transported to far away towns and cities.

(b) Small-scale manufacturing: (i)  Manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and are done on a small scale. (ii)  They are carried out mostly at home. (iii)  This is mostly done with the help of family labor. Labor is rarely hired.

(c) Shopkeeping: (i)  Shopkeepers buy various goods from the wholesale market in the cities and sell them in the village. (ii)  Small general stores in the village sell a wide range of items like rice, wheat, sugar, oil, biscuits, soap, batteries, candles, toothpaste, pens, pencils, notebooks, and even some clothes. (iii)  Some families whose houses are closer to the bus stand has used a part of the space to open small shops. They sell eatables here.

(d) Transport: (i)  Rickshawallahs, tongawallahs, jeep, tractor, truck drivers and people driving the traditional bullock carts and bogeys are the people in transport services. (ii)  They carry people and goods from one place to another and in return get paid for it. (iii)  The number of people in transport services has risen over the last several years. (iv) Self-employed:  Some people have opened coaching institutes for various kinds of arts like computer training centers or stitching classes, etc. to obtain profit from a non-farm activity and train more and more people for better opportunities in their life. 

28. How is multiple cropping practiced in Palampur?

Answer:  All land is cultivated in Palampur. No land is left vacant. During the rainy season (kharif) farmers grow jowar and bajra. These plants are used as cattle feed. It is followed by cultivation of potato between October and December. In the winter season (rabi) fields are sown with wheat. From the wheat produced, farmers keep enough wheat for family’s consumption and sell the surplus wheat at the market at Raiganj. A part of the land area is also devoted to sugarcane which is harvested once every year. Sugarcane in its raw form, or as jaggery, is sold to traders in Shahpur.

29. What kind of labour is found in Palampur? 

Answer:   Farm laborers come either from landless families or families cultivating small plots of land. Unlike farmers, farm laborers do not have a right over the crops grown on the land. Instead they are paid wages by the farmer for whom they work. Sometimes laborers get meals also. Wages vary widely from region to region, from crop to crop, from one farm activity to another. There is also a wide variation in the duration of employment. A farm laborer might be employed on a daily basis, or for one particular farm activity like harvesting, or for the whole year. 

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• The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Notes CBSE Economics Chapter 1 (Free PDF Download)
• Revision Notes

The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Notes Economics Chapter 1 - PDF Download

There are several industries that contribute significantly to the Indian economy, but the agriculture sector has unquestionably dominated the Indian economy. The agriculture industry is estimated to account for over 18% of India's GDP. Vedantu's Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 also mentions that the agriculture sector employs half of the country's workers.

Through the Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 notes free PDF, we get to know that India is the largest producer of spice products, pulses, rice and wheat.

Palampur village is somewhat connected by a well-developed system consisting of roads for transportation, irrigation, electricity, health centres, and educational institutes. The story of village Palampur is about the various kinds of production activities happening in the village. The primary production activity in most villages of India is farming.

Important Topics Covered in Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Village of Palampur

The following is a list of the important topics that have been covered in CBSE Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 - The Story of Village Palampur .

Land and Other Natural Resources - Forests, Minerals, and Water

Physical Capital - Buildings, Tools, Machines, Money, and Raw Materials

Download CBSE Class 9 Economics Revision Notes 2023-24 PDF

Also, check CBSE Class 9 Economics revision notes for All chapters:

Access Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 - The Story of the Village Palampur Notes

1. overview of palampur.

Palampur village is similar to one we saw in the research study of Gilbert Etienne.

Palampur has pucca roads that can withstand winter, rain and summer. This road connects Palampur village to their neighbouring village, Raiganj.

Various types of vehicles ply on Palampur road, like bullock carts, tongas, tractors, jeeps, motorcycles, trucks etc.

Availability of Electricity in Palampur. Many houses have electricity and tube-wells are powered by electricity.

There are 2 primary schools and 1 high school for the students of Palampur.

There is one government run primary health care and one private dispensary in Palampur village.

2. Factors of Production

There are 4 factors of production:

c. Physical Capital

d. Human Capital

Without land, a production facility is not possible to exist. There would be no place for agriculture, without land. This also involves other natural resources like water, trees, minerals etc.

People are required to work either in a factory to operate machines or to sow the seeds, using tractors to irrigate the land as far as agriculture is concerned. These people are labour.

Labour requires tools to do work, be it in a factory or field. Farmers need tractors, water pumps etc. Factory labours require specialised tools and machinery.

Physical capital is divided in two categories: Fixed capital and Working capital.

Fixed capital is, those which once brought, will serve you for a longer period of time – tractors and machinery.

Working capitals are once that are not permanent – such as the raw materials or the money to run the business or farm.

Labour all alone cannot keep the production unit and the company running. There is a need for creativity, can-do attitude. People who employ these things are called the Human Capital.

3. Farming in Palampur

In Palampur village, 75% of the people earn a livelihood through farming.

Some are farmers and others are farm labourers.

The area in Palampur is used to its fullest for farming purposes. Hence, no possibility of expansion of land for agriculture.

4. The village of Palampur uses multiple cropping

As land cannot be expanded in Palampur, farmers tend to use the same land to grow different plants and eatable things.

In monsoon, jowar and bajra are cultivated. Crops were sown before the starting of rain called as Kharif crops.

Farmers used to grow potatoes during the period of October to December.

Farmers used to sow Rabi crops such as wheat during winter and harvest them in springtime.

A part of the land was dedicated to growing sugarcane.

Farmers used to keep wheat for their consumption and sell the surplus sugarcane and jaggery.

Farmers could irrigate their farmland effectively since electricity came to Palampur earlier compared to other villages in India.

Government installed the initial set of tube-wells.

5. Another Method of Increasing Production in Agriculture

Apart from multi-crop methods, an increase in High Yielding Varieties of Seeds (HYV) was seen.

Compared to traditional crops, High Yielding Varieties of seeds produce more grains.

But, HYV seeds require more water compared to traditional seeds.

Farmers needed to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides for HYV. Hence cost of production increased.

During the Green Revolution of 1960’s the farmers of Haryana and Punjab started using HYV seeds.

In Palampur village, the traditional seeds gave a yield of 1300 kg/ha while the HYV seeds gave a yield of 3200 kg/ha.

6. The sorry state of pulses production in India

After the Green Revolution, India experienced an increase in wheat production, but production of pulses lagged behind.

7. The unintended consequences of the Green Revolution

The Green Revolution people started using pesticides and fertilizers in extreme manners. Which resulted in loss of solid fertility.

Improper crop rotation technique has also added to the worst condition.

Too much drawing of groundwater has depleted the underground water.

8. Land distribution between farmers in Palampur

Many of the Dalit families approx. 150 are landless.

240 families had less than 2 hectares of land for farming.

60 families consisting of large and medium farmers cultivate more than 2 hectares of land.

Few families had more than 10 hectares of land.

Small farmers cultivated their own land. They were helped by their family members.

Medium and large farmers hired labourers for the farm. People who had small land also worked as farm labourers to earn extra money.

The farm used to get exploited. So, wages were quite low.

10. Capital

To buy seeds, fertilizers or any farming instruments the small farmers of Palampur had to borrow money from the lenders and large farmers. They had to pay high-interest rates, that is 24%.

Large farmers buy physical capital with their own money. They produced lots of grains and hence can sell surplus. This lets them earn a huge amount of money.

11. Non-farm activities in Palampur

Dairy: farmers grow bajra and feed them to their buffalos. The buffaloes gave milk to the people of Palampur. This milk was sold in Raiganj where 2 traders from Shahpur town had established chilling centres. Milk was transported to other big cities as well.

Manufacturing: Mishrilal, a farmer, used a mechanical sugarcane machine and crushed his and other farmers' sugarcane, so that they could make jaggery out of it. Jaggery was sold to traders in Shahpur.

Kareem opened a computer centre and employed 2 women who teach there. They used to earn money by teaching computer lessons to the students.

Rickshawallah, Tongawallah, truck and jeep drivers transported agricultural and other products to people from Palampur to other big cities and villages. They earned money through transportation.

Economics Chapter 1 Notes

While learning Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 notes, students will have a better understanding of the crops production, organisation, labour work, transport and other things related to the Indian economy. Hence, with a clear concept and expert CBSE notes, students will be able to score good marks in the exam. Students should also take help of The Story of Village Palampur PPT where all these topics have been covered adequately.

The story of village Palampur notes depicts Palampur as a hypothetical village where farming has been highlighted as the main activity. Besides farming, small scale manufacturing, transport and dairy are also mentioned as the important activities of the village. The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 notes will give you an overview of the village which is well connected with the system of roads, transport, irrigation, electricity, health care centres and schools. These activities inside the village are referred to as the production activities. These production activities produce goods and services with four essential components that include capital, machines, land and labour.

If students are having difficulty studying online, they can take the help of Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 notes PDF and study offline. Both online and offline notes will highlight the use of raw materials for production and thus will state its importance.

Economics Class 9 Chapter 1: Main Features of the Village Palampur

The area of the village is 300 hectares along with facilities like education, market, electric supply and communication. Also, it has a particular land meant for important farming activities. All of this information is available in notes of Economics Class 9 Chapter 1.

If you are doing the last-minute preparation, you can go through The Story of Village Palampur summary which will provide you with key concepts about this chapter.

The Story of Village Palampur: Key Concepts

Q. What are the drawbacks of modern farming?

Ans: There are certain drawbacks of modern farming which are as follows:

It involves an investment of greater capital compared to traditional methods.

Excessive use of chemical fertilisers decreases the fertility of the soil.

Natural resources like groundwater get affected and destroyed. This leads to the difficulty in restoration.

Q. How do farmers arrange money for farming?

Ans: Farmers either borrow money amongst each other or from money lenders in the village. They also, at times, take help of the traders. They have to pay a high rate of interest against such loans. However, money borrowing is only among small farmers because big framers have their own savings from farming.

Quick Revision

The following are the points that need to be considered while revising the CBSE Class 9 Revision Notes on Economics Chapter 1 - The Story of Village Palampur.

Farming Activities in Palampur

Land is fixed

Capital needed in farming, sale of surplus farm products, is there a way one can grow more from the same land, will the land sustain, how is land distributed between the farmers of palampur, who will provide the labour.

Non-Farming Activities in Palampur

An example of small-scale manufacturing in Palampur

The shopkeepers of palampur, did you know.

Modern farming methods involve a significant amount of capital compared to traditional methods.

Without knowledge and an enterprise, production cannot function only with capital, labour and land.

Besides agriculture, transport is an important sector that has a major contribution to the economy.

Palampur is a hypothetical village that also informs students about a marginal farmer who cultivates as owner or tenant.

Palampur is an example of a developed village in the country that has a significant amount of contribution to the economy.

Conclusion  

In conclusion, the Class 9 CBSE Economics Chapter 1 - "The Story of Village Palampur" notes provide a comprehensive overview of the economic aspects and functioning of a village in India. The chapter explores the economic activities of Palampur village, highlighting the significance of farming and non-farming activities in its economy. It emphasises the role of land, labour, capital, and entrepreneurship in the village's economic development.

Furthermore, the chapter underscores the importance of education and healthcare facilities in promoting human capital and improving the quality of life in rural areas. By providing an understanding of the economic realities and factors influencing a village's economy, the Class 9 CBSE Economics Chapter 1 notes enable students to grasp the complexities of rural life and gain insights into the interplay of various economic elements. 

FAQs on The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Notes CBSE Economics Chapter 1 (Free PDF Download)

1. What are the Essential Things for Production?

The Story of Village Palampur notes includes the most important things that must be considered during production. These are as follows:

Capital - Without money, nothing functions in the world. It is essential during the production of goods and also required for future use and other activities. Money in hand is known as working capital.

Physical Capital - These include machines, raw materials and similar other things.

Labour - As stated earlier, 50% of the workforce belongs to the agriculture sector. Hence it is a labour-intensive sector and without which it can never work. It is the hard work of the labourers that gives the consumer the opportunity to enjoy high-quality goods.

Land -  It is the most basic thing in production. Be it in the agriculture sector or any other sector, the requirement of land is mandatory where the production activities can be conducted.

2. What are the Ways to Grow More in the Same Land?

The chapter describes how Kharif farmers grow jowar and bajra before planting potatoes between October and December. During the winter, farmers plant wheat on half of the field and sugarcane on the other. The irrigation process has been accelerated by the advent of electricity, which is one of the major reasons for the simultaneous development of three distinct crops. Students will grasp this better if they study Economics Class 9 Chapter 1 notes. This is also known as multi-cropping. Aside from that, contemporary cropping is another strategy to use for increased yield, but it demands a significant amount of resources.

3. What is the story of the village Palampur?

The Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 is based on the story of a hypothetical village named Palampur. The importance of the agriculture sector is highlighted through this story. Besides farming, small scale manufacturing units have also been set up in the village. Transport facilities are adequate and the roads are well built. Basically, the story is designed to give students an overview about the production process involving its four essential components, namely capital, machines, land and labour.

4. What is Green Revolution Class 9 economics the story of village Palampur?

The Green Revolution completely changed the face of modern agriculture in the late 1960s. It introduced the Indian farmer to high yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds. As a result, the production of grains and staple food like wheat and rice grew by leaps and bounds. In Palampur, the traditional varieties of seeds yielded 1300 kg of wheat per hectare which increased to 3200 kg per hectare with HYV seeds. 

5. What are the factors of production class 9 the story of village Palampur?

The different components of production, according to The Tale of Village Palampur, include land, labour, working capital, and human capital. The goal is always to get the most out of a limited number of resources. While the land is fixed, high yielding seed types can greatly boost productivity even in the same piece of land. Similarly, more new approaches must be implemented to boost output.

6. What do the farmers do with surplus farm products?

With the help of the example of Tejpal Singh, students are taught about what farmers should do with surplus farm products in an ideal scenario. Keep a section of the farm products for consumption and sell the other section for a profit. With the help of these additional earnings, farmers can increase their fixed capital by buying different machines and tractors, which will further aid in increasing production.

7. What are the problems faced by the farmers?

Farmers in Palampur are struggling to adapt to contemporary farming practises. Farmers with tiny pieces of land account for almost 80% of all farmers in India. They are having difficulty raising financing. Because their plots are so tiny, the only option for them to boost productivity is to raise their fixed capital. Yet, in order to do so, they must take out loans, which puts them in considerable debt.

8. Modern Farming Methods use various materials and things. These things are manufactured in the industry. Do you agree?

Yes, modern farming methods require more fertilizers, water, pesticides and tractors.

To draw water from tube wells, pumps and electricity was needed.

Pumps were made in factories.

Fertilizers too were made in factories.

Farmers needed tractors to irrigate their lands.

These tractors were made in vehicle factories.

9. How did the easy availability of electricity help the Palampur farmers?

Electricity was available in Palampur for a long time. Farmers of Palampur could irrigate their lands efficiently with less work.

The wheel system of drawing water and irrigation was inefficient.

The electric-run tube-wells in Palampur irrigate large tracts of land faster.

Government installed a few tube-wells and then the people installed some more.

10. Why do farm labourers work for low wages?

The farm labourers in Palampur were landless. They had to work in the land of big farmers to earn some money.

Dalit families were the most, who are landless farm labourers in Palampur.

One-third of the population were Dalit families.

So, there were many labourers in search of a job.

Since, there was huge competition among them, they agreed to get paid less than standard pay.

11. How can the production of crops on the same land be increased?

The two ways are:

Using Multi-crop techniques: In the multi-crop technique, people grow more than one crop during an agricultural year. Farmers of Palampur used to grow Bajra and Jowar during the rainy season, potatoes during October to December and they grow wheat as a Rabi crop.

Using HYV: High Yield Variety seeds will provide farmers more yield from a single plant. HYV became more famous after the Green Revolution. Farmers need more water and fertilizers for this type of seed.

12. Why is it important to increase the amount of land that can be cultivated?

If the amount of arable land in a country remains same but population keeps on increasing, then it is not possible for that country to be self-sufficient in feeding the whole nation.

Then it has to import food grains from other countries.

In India, total cultivated land has remained same from the year 1990 to 2015 but the population in 1990was 87.33 crores. In 2021, it increased to 131.02 crores.

Cultivated area remained the same but the population has increased significantly.

So, India imported 85,727 crores of food grains in the year 2013-14.

STUDY MATERIALS FOR CLASS 9

Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Notes

Class 9 economics chapter 1 notes the story of village palampur.

Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Notes THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR in this step-by-step answer guide. In some of State Boards and CBSE schools, students are taught thru NCERT books. As the chapter comes to an end, students are requested few questions in an exercising to evaluate their expertise of the chapter. Students regularly want guidance managing those NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Notes THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR . It’s most effective natural to get stuck withinside the exercises while solving them so that you can assist students score higher marks, we’ve provided step by step NCERT answers for all exercises of Class nine Social Science THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR so you can are looking for assist from them. Students should solve those exercises carefully as questions withinside the final exams are requested from those, so these exercises immediately have an impact on students’ final score. Find all NCERT Notes for Class nine Social Science THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR below and prepare in your tests easily

THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR

• The purpose of the story is to introduce some basic concepts relating of production.
• A story of a hypothetical village called Palampur.
• Farming is the main activity in Palampur, whereas several other activities such as small sacle manufacturing, dairy, transport, etc.

Introduction of Palampur

• Palampur is well-connected with neighbouring villages and towns.
• All weather road connects the village to Raiganj and further on to the nearest small town of Shahpur.
• Transport are visible on this road starting from bullock carts, tongas, bogeys (wooden cart drawn by bufalos) loaded with jiggery (gur) and the commodities to motor vehicles like motorcycles, jeeps, tractors and trucks.
• This village has about 450 families belonging to several different casters.
• The 80 upper caste families own the majority of land in the village.
• Their houses, some of them quite large, are made of brick with cement plastering.
• The SCs comprise one third of the population and live in one corner of the village and in much smaller houses some of which are of mud and straw. Most of the houses have electric connections.
• Electricity powers all the tubewells in the fields and is used in various types of small business.
• Palampur has two primary schools one high school.
• There is a primary health centre run by the government and one private dispensary where the sick are treated.

Palampur has fairly well-developed system of roads, transport, electricity, irrigation, schools and health centre.

Organisation of production

What is required for organization of production?

What is the factor of production?

What is physical capital and its type?

• The aim of production is to produce the goods and services. There are four requirements for production of goods and services.
• The first requirement is land, and other natural resources such as water, forests, Minerals.
• The second requirement is labour, i.e. people who will do the work. Some production activities require highly educated workers to perform the necessary tasks. Other activities require workers who can do manual work.
• The third requirement is physical capital, i.e. the variety of inputs required at every stage during production. Items come under physical capital?

(a). Tools, machines, buildings: Tools and machines range from very simple tools such as a farmer’s plough to sophisticated machines such as generators, turbines, computers, etc.

• Tools, Machines, buildings can be used in production over many years, and are called fixed capital.

(b). Raw, materials and money n hand: Production requires a variety of raw materials such as the yarn used by the wear and the clay used by the potter.

• Also some money is always required during production to make payments and bu other necessary items.
• Raw Materials and money in hand are called working capital.

Fourth requirement need knowledge and enterprise to be able to put together land, labour and physical capital.

• Land, labour and physical capital and produce an output either to use yourself or to sell in the market.
• This these days is called human capital.

Every production is organized by combining land, labour, physical capital and human capital, which are known as factors of production.

Farming in Palampur

Land is fixed.

• Farming is the main production activity in Palampur.
• 75 per cent of the people who are working are dependent on farming for their livelihood.
• The well-being of these people is closely related to production on the farms.
• There is a basic constraint in raising farm production.
• Land area under cultivation is practically fixed.
• There is no further scope to increase farm production.

IS THERE A WAY ONE CAN GROW MORE FROM TE SAME LAND?

• All land is cultivated in Palampur. No land is left idle.
• During the rainy season farmers grow jowar and bajra.
• It is followed by cultivation of potato between October and December.
• In the winter season, fields are sown with wheat.
• A part of the land area is also devoted to sugarcane which is harvested once every year.

Reason farmer grow different crop.

• The main reason farmers are able to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur is due to the well-developed system of irrigation.
• Electricity came early to Palampur.
• Its major impact was to transform the system of irrigation.
• Persian wheels were till then used by farmers to draw water from the wells and irrigate small fields.

Not all villages in India have such high levels of irrigation. Riverine plains, coastal regions in our country are well-irrigated. Plateau regions have low levels of irrigation in the country a little less than 40 per cent is irrigated even today. Remaining areas, farming is largely dependent on rainfall.

What is Multiple Cropping?

• To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping.
• The most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land.

One way of increasing production from the same land is by multiple cropping. The other way is to use modern farming methods for higher yield.

• The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced of wheat and rice using high yielding varieties HYVs.
• HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single plant.
• HTV seeds needed plenty of water and also chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results.
• Higher Yields possible only from a combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
• Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modern farming method in India.
• In Palampur, the yield of wheat grown from the traditional varieties was 1300 kg per hectare. With HYV seeds, the yield went up to 3200 kg per hectare.

Will the land sustain?

• Land being a natural resource, it is necessary to be careful in its use.
• Scientific reports indicate that the modern farming methods have overused the natural resource base.
• Green Revolution is associated with the loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers.
• Continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has led to the depletion of the water table.
• Environmental resources, like soil fertility and groundwater, are built up over years.
• Once destroyed it is very difficult to restore them.

How is land distributed between the farmers of Palampur?

• Land is important for survival for any kind of family.
• In Palampur, about one third of the 450 families are landless, i.e. 150 families, most of them dalits, have no land for cultivation.
• 240 families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares in size.
• The large number of small plots scattered around the village.
• In Palampur, 60 familities of medium and large farmers who cultivate more than 2 hectares of land.
• A few of the large farmers have land extending over 10 hectares or more.

Who will provide the labour?

• Labour is the next necessary factor for production.
• Medium and large farmers hire farm labourers to work on their fields.
• Farm labourers come either from landless families or families cultivating small plots of land.
• Farm labourers do not have a right over the crops grown on the land.
• They are paid wages by the farmer for whom they work.
• Wages can be in cash or in kind e.g. crop.
• Labourers get meals also.
• Wages very widely from region to region, from crop to crop, from one farm activity to another.
• Like sowing and harvesting
• There is also a wide variation in the duration of employment.
• A farm labourer might be employed on a daily basis or for one particular farm activity like harvesting or for the whole year.

The capital needed in farming

The modern farming methods require a great deal of capital.

• Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital.
• They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders.
• The rate of interest on such loans is very high.
• They are put to great distress to repay the loan.
• In contrast to the small farmers.
• The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming.
• They are able to arrange for the capital needed.

Sale of Surplus Farm Products

Medium and Large Farmers

• They retain a part of the wheat for the family’s consumption and sell the surplus wheat.

Small farmers.

• Small farmers have little surplus wheat because their total production is small and from this a substantial share is kept for their own family needs.
• The traders at the market buy the wheat and sell it further to shopkeepers in the towns and cities.
• Large and medium farmers sell the surplus farm products.
• A part of the earnings is saved and kept for buying capital for the next season.

Non-Farm Activities in Palampur

Only 25 per cent of the people working in Palampur are engaged in non Farming activities.

Dairy – The other common activity

• Dairy is a common activity in many families of Palampur.
• People feed their buffalos on various kinds of grass and the jawar and bajra that grows during the rainy season.
• The milk is sold in Raiganj, the nearby large village.
• The milk is transported to far away owns and cities.

An example of small-scale manufacturing in Palampur

• Less than fifty people are engaged in manufacturing in Palampur.
• Manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and are done on a small scale.
• They are carried out mostly at home or in the fields with the help of family labour.

The shopkeepers of Palampur

• People involved in trader are not many in Palampur.
• The traders of Palampur are shopkeepers who buy various goods from wholesale markets in the cities and sell them in the village.
• General stores in the village selling a wide range of items like rice, wheat, sugar, tea, oil, biscuits, soap, toothpaste, batteries, candles, notebooks, pen, pencil, even some cloth.
• A few of the families whose houses are close to the bus stand have open small shops. They sell eatables.

Transport: a fast-developing sector

• There are variety of vehicles on the road connecting Palampur to Raiganj.
• Rickshawallah, tongawallahs, jeep, tractor, truck drivers and people driving the traditional bullock cart and bogey a
• re people in the transport services.
• They ferry people and goods from one place to another, and in return get paid for it.

­­­पालमपुर गाँव की कहानी

अवलोकन –­­­­­­.

• इस कहानी का उद्देश्य उत्पादन से संबंधित मूल विचारों से परिचय कराना है
• ऐसा हम एक काल्पनिक गाँव- पालमपुर की कहानी के माध्यम से कर रहे हैं ।
• पालमपुर गाँव की कहानी पालमपुर में खेती मुख्य क्रिया है , जबकि अन्य कई क्रियाएँ जैसे , लघु – स्तरीय विनिर्माण , डेयरी , परिवहन आदि सीमित स्तर पर की जाती हैं ।

पालमपुर गाँव क परिचय

• पालमपुर आस – पड़ोस के गाँवों और कस्बों से भलीभाँति जुड़ा हुआ है ।
• प्रत्येक मौसम में यह सड़क गाँव को रायगंज और उससे आगे निकटतम छोटे कस्बे शाहपुर से जोड़ती है ।
• इस सड़क पर गुड़ और अन्य वस्तुओं से लदी हुई बैलगाड़ियाँ , भैंसाबग्घी से लेकर अन्य कई तरह के वाहन जैसे , मोटरसाइकिल , जीप , ट्रैक्टर और ट्रक तक देखे जा सकते हैं ।
• उनके मकान , जिनमें से कुछ बहुत बड़े हैं , ईंट और सीमेंट के बने हुए हैं ।
• अनुसूचित जाति ( दलित ) के लोगों की संख्या गाँव की कुल जनसंख्या का एक तिहाई है और वे गाँव के एक कोने में काफ़ी छोटे घरों में रहते हैं , जिनमें कुछ मिट्टी और फूस के बने हैं ।
• खेतों में सभी नलकूप बिजली से ही चलते हैं और इसका उपयोग विभिन्न प्रकार के छोटे कार्यों के लिए भी किया जाता है ।
• पालमपुर में दो प्राथमिक विद्यालय और एक हाई स्कूल है । गाँव में एक राजकीय प्राथमिक स्वास्थ केंद्र और एक निजी औषधालय भी , जहाँ रोगियों का उपचार किया जाता है

उत्पादन का संगठन

• उत्पादन का उद्देश्य वस्तुएँ और सेवाएँ उत्पादित करना है
• वस्तुओं और सेवाओं के उत्पादन के लिए चार चीजें आवश्यक हैं ।
• पहली आवश्यकता है भूमि तथा अन्य प्राकृतिक संसाधन , जैसे- जल , वन , खनिज ।
• उत्पादन क्रियाओं में जरूरी कार्यों को करने के लिए बहुत ज्यादा पढ़े – लिखे कर्मियों की ज़रूरत होती है ।
• तीसरी आवश्यकता भौतिक पूँजी है , अर्थात् उत्पादन के प्रत्येक स्तर पर अपेक्षित कई तरह के आगत ।

भौतिक पूँजी के अंतर्गत कौन – कौन सी वस्तु आती हैं?

( क ) औजार , मशीन , भवन : औज़ारों तथा मशीनों में अत्यंत साधारण औज़ार जैसे किसान का हल से लेकर परिष्कृत मशीनें जैसे- जेनरेटर , टरबाइन , कंप्यूटर आदि आते हैं ।

• औज़ारों , मशीनों और भवनों का उत्पादन में कई वर्षों तक प्रयोग होता है और इन्हें स्थायी पूँजी कहा जाता है ।

( ख ) कच्चा माल और नकद मुद्रा : उत्पादन में कई कच्चे माल की आवश्यकता होती है , जैसे बुनकर द्वारा प्रयोग किया जाने वाला सूत और कुम्हारों द्वारा प्रयोग में लाई जाने वाली मिट्टी ।

• कच्चा माल तथा नकद पैसों को कार्यशील पूँजी कहते हैं ।

औज़ारों , मशीनों तथा भवनों से भिन्न ये चीजें उत्पादन क्रिया के दौरान समाप्त हो जाती हैं ।

4. चौथी आवश्यकता

• उपभोग हेतु या बाजार में बिक्री हेतु उत्पादन करने के लिए भूमि , श्रम और भौतिक पूँजी को एक साथ करने योग्य बनाने के लिए ज्ञान और उद्यम की आवश्यकता पड़ेगी ।
• आजकल इसे मानव पूँजी कहा जाता है ।

उत्पादन भूमि , श्रम और पूँजी को संयोजित करके संगठित होता है , जिन्हें उत्पादन के कारक कहा जाता है ।

पालमपुर में खेती

1. भूमि स्थिर है.

• पालमपुर में खेती उत्पादन की प्रमुख क्रिया है ।
• काम करने वालों में 75 प्रतिशत लोग अपनी जीविका के लिए खेती पर निर्भर हैं ।
• इन लोगों का हित खेतों में उत्पादन से जुड़ा हुआ है ।
• कृषि उत्पादन में एक मूलभूत कठिनाई है । खेती में प्रयुक्त भूमि क्षेत्र वस्तुतः स्थिर होता है । पालमपुर
• नयी भूमि को खेती योग्य बनाकर कृषि उत्पादन को और बढ़ाने की कोई गुंजाइश नहीं है ।

2. क्या उसी भूमि से अधिक पैदावार करने का कोई तरीका है ?

• बरसात के मौसम ( खरीफ़ ) में किसान ज्वार और बाजरा उगाते हैं ।
• इसके बाद अक्तूबर और दिसंबर के बीच आलू की खेती होती है ।
• सर्दी के मौसम ( रबी ) में खेतों में गेहूँ उगाया जाता है ।
• भूमि के एक भाग में गन्ने की खेती भी की जाती है , जिसकी वर्ष में एक बार कटाई होती है ।

कारण किसान अलग-अलग फसल क्यों उगाते हैं?

• पालमपुर में एक वर्ष में किसान तीन अलग – अलग फसलें पैदा कर पाते हैं , क्योंकि वहाँ सिंचाई की सुविकसित व्यवस्था है ।
• उसका मुख्य प्रभाव यह पड़ा कि सिंचाई की पद्धति ही बदल गई ।
• तब तक किसान कुँओं से रहट द्वारा पानी निकालकर छोटे – छोटे खेतों की सिंचाई किया करते थे ।
• लोगों ने देखा कि बिजली से चलने वाले नलकूपों से ज्यादा प्रभावकारी ढंग से अधिक क्षेत्र की सिंचाई की जा सकती थी ।

बहु फसल क्या है?

• यह भूमि के किसी एक टुकड़े में उपज बढ़ाने की सबसे सामान्य प्रणाली है ।
• एक ही ज़मीन के टुकड़े से उत्पादन बढ़ाने का एक तरीका बहुविध फसल प्रणाली है ।

दूसरा तरीका अधिक उपज के लिए खेती में आधुनिक कृषि विधियों का प्रयोग करना है ।

• 1960 के दशक के अंत में हरित क्रांति ने भारतीय किसानों को अधिक उपज वाले बीजों ( एच . वाई.वी. ) के द्वारा गेहूँ और चावल की खेती करने के तरीके सिखाए ।
• परंपरागत बीजों की तुलना में एच . वाई . वी . बीजों से एक ही पौधे से ज्यादा मात्रा में अनाज पैदा होने की आशा थी ।
• अति उपज प्रजातियों वाले बीजों से अधिकतम उपज पाने के लिए बहुत ज्यादा पानी तथा रासायनिक खाद और कीटनाशकों की ज़रूरत थी ।
• अधिक उपज केवल अति उपज प्रजातियों वाले बीजों , सिंचाई , रासायनिक उवर्रकों और कीटनाशकों आदि के संयोजन से ही संभव थी ।
• पालमपुर में , परंपरागत बीजों से गेहूँ की उपज 1,300 किलोग्राम प्रति हेक्टेयर थी । एच.वाई.बी. बीजों से उपज 3,200 किलोग्राम प्रति हेक्टेयर तक पहुँच गई ।

भारत में पंजाब , हरियाणा और पश्चिमी उत्तर प्रदेश के किसानों ने खेती के आधुनिक तरीकों का सबसे पहले प्रयोग किया ।

3. क्या भूमि यह धारण कर पाएगी ?

• भूमि एक प्राकृतिक संसाधन है , अतः इसका सावधानीपूर्वक प्रयोग करने की ज़रूरत है ।
• वैज्ञानिक रिपोर्टों से संकेत मिलता है कि खेती की आधुनिक कृषि विधियों ने प्राकृतिक संसाधन आधार का अति उपयोग किया है ।
• हरित क्रांति के कारण उर्वरकों के अधिक प्रयोग से मिट्टी की उर्वरता कम हो गई है ।
• नलकूपों से सिंचाई के कारण भूमि जल के सतत् प्रयोग से भौम जल – स्तर कम हो गया है ।
• एक बार नष्ट होने के बाद उन्हें पुनर्जीवित करना बहुत कठिन है ।

कृषि का भावी विकास सुनिश्चित करने के लिए हमें पर्यावरण की देखभाल करनी चाहिए ।

4. पालमपुर के किसानों में भूमि किस प्रकार वितरित है ?

• भूमि किसी भी प्रकार के परिवार के अस्तित्व के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है
• पालमपुर में 450 परिवारों में से लगभग एक तिहाई अर्थात् 150 परिवारों के पास , खेती के लिए भूमि नहीं है , जो अधिकांशतः दलित हैं ।
• 240 परिवार जिनके पास भूमि है , 2 हेक्टेयर से कम क्षेत्रफल वाले छोटे भूमि के टुकड़ों पर खेती करते हैं ।
• पालमपुर में मझोले और बड़े किसानों के 60 परिवार हैं , जो 2 हेक्टेयर से अधिक भूमि पर खेती करते हैं ।
• कुछ बड़े किसानों के पास 10 हेक्टेयर या इससे अधिक भूमि है ।

5. श्रम की व्यवस्था कौन करेगा ?

• श्रम उत्पादन का दूसरा आवश्यक कारक है ।
• खेती में बहुत ज्यादा परिश्रम की आवश्यकता होती है ।
• मझोले और बड़े किसान अपने खेतों में काम करने के लिए दूसरे श्रमिकों को किराये पर लगाते हैं ।
• खेतों में काम करने के लिए श्रमिक या तो भूमिहीन परिवारों से आते हैं या बहुत छोटे प्लॉटों में खेती करने वाले परिवारों से ।
• बल्कि उन्हें उन किसानों द्वारा मज़दूरी मिलती है जिनके लिए वे काम करते हैं ।
• मज़दूरी नकद या वस्तु जैसे- अनाज के रूप में हो सकती है । कभी – कभी श्रमिकों को भोजन भी मिलता है ।
• मज़दूरी एक क्षेत्र से दूसरे क्षेत्र , एक फसल से दूसरी फसल और खेत में एक से दूसरे कृषि कार्य ( जैसे बुआई और कटाई ) से के लिए अलग – अलग होती है ।
• खेत में काम करने वाले श्रमिक या तो दैनिक मज़दूरी के आधार पर कार्य करते हैं या उन्हें कार्य विशेष जैसे कटाई या पूरे साल के लिए काम पर रखा जा सकता है ।

6. खेतों के लिए आवश्यक पूँजी

आधुनिक तरीकों के खेती लिए बहुत अधिक पूँजी की आवश्यकता होती है

• वे बड़े किसानों से या गाँव के साहूकारों से या खेती के लिए विभिन्न आगतों की पूर्ति करने वाले व्यापारियों से कर्ज लेते हैं ।
• ऐसे कर्जों पर ब्याज की दर बहुत ऊँची होती है ।
• कर्ज चुकाने के लिए उन्हें बहुत कष्ट सहने पड़ते हैं ।
• इस तरह वे आवश्यक पूँजी की व्यवस्था कर लेते हैं ।

7. अधिशेष कृषि उत्पादों की बिक्री

• वे परिवार के उपभोग के लिए कुछ गेहूँ रख लेते हैं और अधिशेष गेहूँ को बेच देते हैं ।
• छोटे किसानों के पास बहुत कम अधिशेष गेहूँ होता है , क्योंकि उनका कुल उत्पादन बहुत कम होता है तथा इसमें से एक बड़ा भाग वे परिवार की आवश्यकताओं के लिए रख लेते हैं ।
• बाज़ार में व्यापारी गेहूँ खरीदकर उसे आगे कस्बों और शहरों के दुकानदारों को बेच देते हैं ।
• बड़े और मझोले किसान भी खेती के अधिशेष कृषि उत्पादों को बेचते हैं ।
• कमाई के एक भाग को अगले मौसम के लिए पूँजी की व्यवस्था के लिए बचा कर रखा जाता है ।

पालमपुर में गैर – कृषि क्रियाएँ

पालमपुर में काम करने वाले केवल 25 प्रतिशत लोग कृषि के अतिरिक्त अन्य कार्य करते हैं ।

1. डेयरी: अन्य प्रचलित क्रिया

• पालमपुर के कई परिवारों में डेयरी एक प्रचलित क्रिया है ।
• लोग अपनी भैंसों को कई तरह की घास और बरसात के मौसम में उगने वाली ज्वार और बाजरा ( चरी ) खिलाते हैं ।
• दूध को निकट के बड़े गाँव रायगंज में बेचा जाता है ।
• दूध दूर – दराज के शहरों और कस्बों में भेजा जाता है ।

2. पालमपुर में लघुस्तरीय विनिर्माण का एक उदाहरण

• पालमपुर में 50 से कम लोग विनिर्माण कार्यों में लगे हैं ।
• पालमपुर में विनिर्माण में बहुत सरल उत्पादन विधियों का प्रयोग होता है और उसे छोटे पैमाने पर ही किया जाता है ।
• विनिर्माण कार्य पारिवारिक श्रम की सहायता से अधिकतर घरों या खेतों में किया जाता है ।

3. पालमपुर के दुकानदार

• पालमपुर में ज़्यादा लोग व्यापार ( वस्तु विनिमय ) नहीं करते ।
• पालमपुर के व्यापारी वे दुकानदार हैं , जो शहरों के थोक बाज़ारों से कई प्रकार की वस्तुएँ खरीदते हैं और उन्हें गाँव में लाकर बेचते हैं ।
• गाँव में छोटे जनरल स्टोरों में चावल , गेहूँ , चाय , तेल , बिस्कुट , साबुन , टूथ पेस्ट , बैट्री , मोमबत्तियाँ , कॉपियाँ , पैन , पैंसिल यहाँ तक कि कुछ कपड़े भी बिकते हैं ।
• कुछ परिवारों ने जिनके घर बस स्टैंड के निकट हैं , घर के छोटी दुकान खोल ली है । वे खाने की चीजें बेचते हैं ।

4. परिवहन : तेज़ी से विकसित होता एक क्षेत्रक

• पालमपुर और रायगंज के बीच सड़क पर कई प्रकार के वाहन चलते हैं ।
• रिक्शावाले , ताँगेवाले , जीप , ट्रैक्टर , ट्रक ड्राइवर तथा परंपरागत बैलगाड़ी और दूसरी गाड़ियाँ चलाने वाले , वे लोग हैं , जो परिवहन सेवाओं में शामिल हैं ।
• वे लोगों और वस्तुओं को एक जगह से दूसरी जगह पहुँचाते हैं और इसके बदले में उन्हें पैसे मिलते हैं ।

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NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics

Ncert solutions for class 9 chapter-1 the story of village palampur.

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Jul 15, 2022, 16:45 IST

NCERT Solutions for class 9 Economics for chapter 1 

Free download of NCERT Solutions for class 9 Economics for chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur prepared by Academic team of Physics Wallah. All Questions given in chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur are solved with the information mentioned in NCERT text book of chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur. Download Physics Wallah  NCERT solutions to score good marks in your class 9. All questions are solved in NCERT Solutions for class 9 Maths and NCERT Solutions for class 9 Science prepared by experts of Physics Wallah.

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• Chapter-1 The Story of Village Palampur
• Chapter-2 People as Resource
• Chapter-3 Poverty as a Challenge
• Chapter-4 Food Security in India

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• CBSE Notes For Class 9
• Class 9 Social Science Notes
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• Chapter 1 The Story Of Village Palampur

CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 1 - The Story of Village Palampur

Agriculture is the most important sector of the Indian economy. The Indian agriculture sector accounts for 18 per cent of India’s gross domestic product (GDP) and employs 50% of the country’s workforce. India is the world’s largest producer of pulses, rice, wheat, spices and spice products. CBSE Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 – The Story of Village Palampur discusses topics related to the organisation of production, labour work, capital, crop production, transport, etc. All these topics are covered in our CBSE Class 9 Economics notes of Chapter 1, which are prepared by our subject experts. With these CBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes , learning Economics can be easy and effective. CBSE Class 9 Economics notes of Chapter 1 include all crucial concepts that help students to learn the chapter properly.

• Chapter 2 People as Resource
• Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge
• Chapter 4 Food Security in India

CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 1 – The Story of Village Palampur

An introduction to some basic concepts related to production through a hypothetical village called Palampur, where farming is the main activity. The village also has several other activities, such as small-scale manufacturing, dairy, transport, etc., carried out on a limited scale.

Introduction

Palampur is fairly connected with a well-developed system of roads, transport, electricity, irrigation, schools and health centres. The story of Palampur takes us through the different types of production activities in the village. In India, farming is the main production activity across villages.

Organisation of Production

The main aim of production is to produce goods and services, which require four essential components.

• Land and other natural resources such as water, forests, minerals
• Physical capital, such as tools, machines, buildings, raw materials and money

A variety of raw materials are required during the process of production, such as the yarn used by the weaver and the clay used by the potter. Money is also essential during production, and both of them in hand is called working capital. The fourth requirement is knowledge and enterprise to be able to put together land, labour and physical capital and produce an output. The factors of production are combining land, labour, physical capital and human capital.

Farming in Palampur

1. land is fixed.

For Palampur, village farming is their main product, and the well-being of these people is related to production on the farms. But, there is a basic constraint in raising farm production. The land area under cultivation is practically fixed.

2. Is there a way one can grow more from the same land?

In the rainy season, Kharif farmers grow jowar and bajra, followed by the cultivation of potatoes between October and December. In winter, farmers grow wheat and a part of the land is devoted to sugarcane, harvested once every year. Due to well-developed irrigation, farmers can grow three different crops. Electricity transformed the system of irrigation. Multiple cropping means to grow more than one crop on a piece of land. Another way for higher yield is modern farming. In the later 1960s, the Green Revolution introduced the Indian farmer to the cultivation of wheat and rice using high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds.

3. Will the land sustain?

Modern farming methods have overused the natural resource base. Due to the increased use of chemical fertilisers, the soil lost its fertility. Natural resources like soil fertility and groundwater are destroyed, and it is very difficult to restore them.

4. How is land distributed between the farmers of Palampur?

The land is important for any kind of farming. In Palampur, about one-third of the 450 families are landless. Dalits have no land for cultivation. 240 families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares in size. In Palampur, there are 60 families of medium and large farmers who cultivate more than 2 hectares of land.

5. Who will provide the labour?

Small farmers cultivate their own lands. Medium and large farmers hire labourers to cultivate their fields who come either from landless families or families cultivating small plots of land. Farm labourers will not have any right over the crops grown on the land. They will be paid wages for their work which can be cash or in-kind, e.g. crop. Sometimes labourers get meals also. Wages vary from region to region, crop to crop, and from one farm activity to another. Farm labourers are employed on a daily basis, or for one particular farm activity like harvesting, or for the whole year.

6. Capital needed in farming

Modern farming methods require a great deal of capital.

1. Most small farmers borrow money from large farmers or village moneylenders or traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high.

2. The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are thus able to arrange for the capital needed.

7. Sale of surplus farm products

The wheat the farmers produce from the land is retained in part for their family consumption, and they sell the surplus wheat. Only the medium and large farmers supply wheat to the market.

Non-Farm Activities in Palampur

25 per cent of the people working in Palampur are engaged in activities other than agriculture.

1. Dairy — the other common activity

Other than agriculture, some people are engaged in dairy, and the milk is sold in the nearby village.

2. An example of small-scale manufacturing in Palampur

People are engaged in small-scale manufacturing, which is carried out at home or in the fields. This manufacturing involves very simple production methods.

3. The shopkeepers of Palampur

Traders of Palampur buy various goods from wholesale markets in the cities and sell them in the village. General stores in the village sell a wide range of items like rice, wheat, sugar, tea, oil, biscuits, soap, toothpaste, batteries, candles, notebooks, pens, pencils, and even some types of cloth.

4. Transport: a fast-developing sector

Transport services include rickshaws, tongas, jeeps, tractors, truck drivers, traditional bullock carts and bogeys. They transport people and goods from one place to another and, in return, get paid for it.

Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur

Where is palampur located.

Palampur is a hill station and a municipal corporation situated in the Kangra District in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

What are the products of the dairy industry?

The dairy industry processes raw milk into an array of products, including butter, cheese, cream, yoghurt, ghee, condensed milk, dried milk, ice cream, etc.

What is ‘physical capital’?

Physical capital consists of human-made objects that a company buys or invests in and uses to produce goods.

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CBSE Class 9 MCQs of Economics Chapter 1 - The Story of Village Palampur

The story of village palampur: in chapter 1 of class 9 ncert economics, "the story of village palampur," students are introduced to the village of palampur and its economic aspects. the chapter discusses the factors of production, such as land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship, and their role in agricultural and non-agricultural activities. it also highlights the importance of multiple crops and the use of modern farming techniques in increasing agricultural productivity. get ready to test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of this chapter .

15 MCQs on Ch 1: The Story of Village Palampur

1. What is the main economic activity in Palampur?

a) Agriculture

b) Manufacturing

d) Services

2. Which of the following is a multiple-cropping practice in Palampur?

a) Growing only wheat

b) Growing wheat and rice together

c) Growing only rice

d) Growing only vegetables

3. What is the main source of irrigation in Palampur?

b) Tube wells

c) Rainwater

4. Which sector provides the largest employment in Palampur?

c) Services

d) Education

5. What percentage of the population in Palampur is engaged in non-farm activities?

Also Read - CBSE Chapterwise MCQs for Geography Class 9 NCERT Contemporary India from the Revised Syllabus (2023 - 2024)

6. What is the main reason for the dependence on moneylenders in Palampur?

a) Lack of education

b) High interest rates

c) Lack of access to banks

d) Lack of job opportunities

7. What is the main source of income for landless laborers in Palampur?

b) Dairy farming

d) Daily wages

8. Which of the following is a modern farming practice adopted in Palampur?

a) Traditional ploughing

b) Manual sowing

c) Use of chemical fertilizers

d) Non-irrigated farming

9. How are wages paid to farm laborers in Palampur?

c) In the form of goods

d) In barter system

10. Which organization provides the necessary credit for farming in Palampur?

b) Moneylenders

c) Government cooperatives

Also Read - CBSE Chapterwise MCQs for Class 9 NCERT Democratic Politics from the Revised Syllabus (2023 - 2024)

11. What is the main aim of the government's employment generation programs in Palampur?

a) To provide subsidies to farmers

b) To create job opportunities in the village

c) To promote urban migration

d) To increase the GDP of the village

12. What type of farming is practiced in Palampur?

a) Subsistence farming

b) Commercial farming

c) Horticulture farming

d) Aquaculture farming

13. Which government scheme provides employment opportunities for rural people in Palampur?

a) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

b) Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)

c) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

d) Digital India campaign

14. What is the main drawback of the farming methods used in Palampur?

a) High dependency on rainfall

b) Lack of access to modern technology

c) Lack of availability of seeds

d) Lack of awareness about agricultural practices

15. Which organization provides technical assistance to the farmers in Palampur?

a) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

b) Food Corporation of India (FCI)

c) Agricultural Marketing Cooperative Societies (AMCOS)

d) World Health Organization (WHO)

1. a) Agriculture

2. b) Growing wheat and rice together

3. b) Tube wells

4. a) Agriculture

6. b) High interest rates

7. d) Daily wages

8. c) Use of chemical fertilizers

9. a) In cash

10. c) Government cooperatives

11. b) To create job opportunities in the village

12. b) Commercial farming

13. a) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

14. b) Lack of access to modern technology

15. c) Agricultural Marketing Cooperative Societies (AMCOS)

Also read: What is Democracy? Why Democracy? CBSE Class 9 Political Science Chapter 1 Notes, Download PDF 

Also read: Maps of Countries mentioned in Ch-1: What is Democracy? Why Democracy?  

Also read:  CBSE Chapterwise MCQs for History Class 9 NCERT from the Revised Syllabus (2023 - 2024)

Also read:  Comprehensive MCQs of NCERT Class 9 History, Political Science, Geography, and Economics: Chapterwise and Subjectwise Revised Syllabus Download PDF 2023 - 2024

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MCQ Questions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur with Answers

We have compiled the NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur with Answers Pdf free download covering the entire syllabus. Practice MCQ Questions for Class 9 Economics with Answers on a daily basis and score well in exams. Refer to the The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 MCQs Questions with Answers here along with a detailed explanation.

The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 MCQs Questions with Answers

Question 1. Which of the following is grown in the rainy season? (a) Jowar and Bajra (b) Wheat (c) Soybean (d) All of the above

Answer: (a) Jowar and Bajra

Question 2. Which of the following terms is used for measuring the crop produced on a given piece of land during a single year? (a) Yield (b) Productivity (c) Cultivation (d) Output

Answer: (a) Yield

Question 3. What is the source of capital for the large farmers? (a) Banks and own savings (b) Money lenders and relatives (c) Banks and money lenders (d) Poor farmers

Answer: (a) Banks and own savings

Question 4. What is done to surplus wheat in Palampur? (a) Sold in the market (b) Destroyed (c) Given in charity (d) Stocked by self

Answer: (a) Sold in the market

Question 5. HYV seeds stands for (a) Heavy yielding variety seeds (b) High yielding variety seeds (c) Half yielding variety seeds (d) None of the above

Answer: (b) High yielding variety seeds

Question 6. Which of the following is a modern farming method? (a) Multiple cropping (b) Use of HYV seeds (c) Use of chemical fertilisers (d) Both (b) and (c)

Answer: (d) Both (b) and (c)

Question 7. Which of the following statements is not true about small-scale manufacturing in villages? (a) Farmers engage in it to supplement their income (b) Farmers take help of their family members (c) The production is done mostly at home (d) Farmers produce articles for their own use

Answer: (d) Farmers produce articles for their own use

Question 8. Which is the most abundant factor of production in India? (a) Land (b) Capital (c) Labour (d) Tools and machines

Answer: (c) Labour

Question 9. ‘Operation Flood’ is related to : (a) Control flood (b) Produce fish (c) Milk production (d) Grain production

Answer: (c) Milk production

Question 10. Which of the following crops is grown in Palampur during Kharif (a) Rice (b) Wheat (c) Jowar (d) Sugarcane

Answer: (c) Jowar

Question 11. Which Kharif crop is used for cattle feed? (a) Sugarcane (b) Potato (c) Jowar and bajra (d) Wheat

Answer: (c) Jowar and bajra

Question 12. Which among the following states was first to try out the modern farming methods in India? (a) Haryana (b) Jharkhand (c) Bihar (d) Odisha

Answer: (a) Haryana

Question 13. Where do most of the small farmers borrow money to arrange for the capital in Palampur? (a) Banks (b) Co-operative Societies (c) Village money lenders (d) Friends and relatives

Answer: (c) Village money lenders

Question 14. ‘Bigha’ and ‘Guintha’ are: (a) the type of village house (b) the types of Hybrid seeds (c) the measuring units of grain (d) the measuring units of land area in village

Answer: (d) the measuring units of land area in village

Question 15. Which one of the following is a rabi crop? (a) Cotton (b) Millets (c) Gram (d) Rice

Answer: (c) Gram

Question 16. High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds are developed in (a) Research institutes (b) Factories (c) Krishak Bharati Cooperatives (d) None of the above

Answer: (a) Research institutes

Question 17. Scope of farming activity is limited in Palampur due to (a) fixed amount of land (b) lack of irrigation (c) lack of labour (d) none of the above

Answer: (a) fixed amount of land

Question 18. Which product is sold by Mishri Lal traders in Shahapur (a) Jaggery (b) Cotton Textile (c) Machine Tools (d) Fertilisers

Answer: (a) Jaggery

Question 19. Which one is a natural resource? (a) Labour (b) Raw materials (c) Mineral (d) None of the above

Answer: (c) Mineral

Question 20. Money in hand is an example of (a) Human capital (b) Fixed capital (c) Working capital (d) Physical capital

Answer: (c) Working capital

Question 21. What was the concept of white revolution is associated with? (a) food crops (b) milk (c) cotton (d) pesticides

Answer: (b) milk

Question 22. Green Revolution is related to: (a) Milk Production (b) Grain production (c) Fish production (d) None of the above

Answer: (b) Grain production

Question 23. The standard unit of measuring agricultural land is: (a) Km (b) Bigha (c) Guinea (d) Hectare

Answer: (d) Hectare

Question 24. What percentage of total land area is cultivated by Medium and Large farmers? (a) 36 % (b) 50 % (c) 85 % (d) 64 %

Answer: (d) 64 %

Question 25. Which of the following is not fixed capital? (a) Agricultural land (b) Tubewell (c) Fertilisers and pesticides (d) Farm machinery

Answer: (c) Fertilisers and pesticides

Hope the information shed above regarding NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur with Answers Pdf free download has been useful to an extent. If you have any other queries of CBSE Class 9 Economics The Story of Village Palampur MCQs Multiple Choice Questions with Answers, feel free to reach us so that we can revert back to us at the earliest possible.

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Case Study Questions for Class 9 Science Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

• Last modified on: 4 days ago
• Reading Time: 6 Minutes

Here we are providing case study questions for class 9 science chapter 12 sound. Students are suggested to go through each and every case study questions for better understanding of the chapter.

Case Study/Passage Based Questions:

Question 1:

Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Every matter is made up of tiny particles. These particles are so tiny that they can’t be seen with naked eyes.

The three characteristics shown by particles of matter are as follows:

(i) There are small voids between particles in a matter. This characteristic is the concept behind the solubility of a substance in other substances.

(ii) Particles of matter show continuous random movements, that is they possess kinetic energy. The spreading of ink in a beaker of glass, smell of agarbattis, etc. are few illustrations that show the movement of particles of a substance.

(iii) The particles of matter attract each other with a force called interparticle force of attraction. Read the given passage carefully and give the answer of the following questions:

Q 1. Spreading of fragrance of a burning incense stick in a room shows that:

a. particles of matter have spaces between them.

b. particles of matter attract each other.

c. particles of matter are constantly moving.

d. None of the above

Q 2. What happens when we add sugar to water?

a. Volume of water doubles.

b. Volume of water decreases

c. Volume of water remains the same.

Q 3. A stream of water cannot be cut by fingers. Which property of matter does this observation show?

a. Particles of matter attract each other.

b. Particles of matter have spaces between them.

c. Particles of matter are continuously moving.

Q 4. When we put some crystals of potassium permanganate in a beaker containing water, we observe that after some time, the whole water turns pink. This intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own is called:

a. Brownian motion

c. sublimation

d. diffusion

Q 5. Why is the rate of diffusion of liquids higher than that of solids?

a. In the liquid state, particles are tightly packed as compared to solids.

b. In the liquid state, particles move freely as compared to solids.

c. In solid state, particles have least force of attraction between the particles.

d. In solid state, particles cannot be compressed easily.

• (c) particles of matter are constantly moving.
• (c) Volume of water remains the same.
• (a) Particles of matter attract each other.
• (d) diffusion
• (b) In the liquid state, particles move freely as compared to solids

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