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  • How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

Published on October 12, 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George. Revised on November 21, 2023.

Structure of a research proposal

A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research.

The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements:

Introduction

Literature review.

  • Research design

Reference list

While the sections may vary, the overall objective is always the same. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organized and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take.

Table of contents

Research proposal purpose, research proposal examples, research design and methods, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about research proposals.

Academics often have to write research proposals to get funding for their projects. As a student, you might have to write a research proposal as part of a grad school application , or prior to starting your thesis or dissertation .

In addition to helping you figure out what your research can look like, a proposal can also serve to demonstrate why your project is worth pursuing to a funder, educational institution, or supervisor.

Research proposal length

The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.

One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.

Download our research proposal template

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See an example

research proposal for management pdf

Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.

  • Example research proposal #1: “A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management”
  • Example research proposal #2: “Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use”

Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:

  • The proposed title of your project
  • Your supervisor’s name
  • Your institution and department

The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.

Your introduction should:

  • Introduce your topic
  • Give necessary background and context
  • Outline your  problem statement  and research questions

To guide your introduction , include information about:

  • Who could have an interest in the topic (e.g., scientists, policymakers)
  • How much is already known about the topic
  • What is missing from this current knowledge
  • What new insights your research will contribute
  • Why you believe this research is worth doing

As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review  shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.

In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:

  • Comparing and contrasting the main theories, methods, and debates
  • Examining the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
  • Explaining how will you build on, challenge, or synthesize prior scholarship

Following the literature review, restate your main  objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.

To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.

For example, your results might have implications for:

  • Improving best practices
  • Informing policymaking decisions
  • Strengthening a theory or model
  • Challenging popular or scientific beliefs
  • Creating a basis for future research

Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .

Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.

Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.

Download our research schedule template

If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.

Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:

  • Cost : exactly how much money do you need?
  • Justification : why is this cost necessary to complete the research?
  • Source : how did you calculate the amount?

To determine your budget, think about:

  • Travel costs : do you need to go somewhere to collect your data? How will you get there, and how much time will you need? What will you do there (e.g., interviews, archival research)?
  • Materials : do you need access to any tools or technologies?
  • Help : do you need to hire any research assistants for the project? What will they do, and how much will you pay them?

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Methodology

  • Sampling methods
  • Simple random sampling
  • Stratified sampling
  • Cluster sampling
  • Likert scales
  • Reproducibility

 Statistics

  • Null hypothesis
  • Statistical power
  • Probability distribution
  • Effect size
  • Poisson distribution

Research bias

  • Optimism bias
  • Cognitive bias
  • Implicit bias
  • Hawthorne effect
  • Anchoring bias
  • Explicit bias

Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .

Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.

I will compare …

A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.

Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.

Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.

The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.

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What’s Included: Research Proposal Template

Our free dissertation/thesis proposal template covers the core essential ingredients for a strong research proposal. It includes clear explanations of what you need to address in each section, as well as straightforward examples and links to further resources.

The research proposal template covers the following core elements:

  • Introduction & background (including the research problem)
  • Literature review
  • Research design / methodology
  • Project plan , resource requirements and risk management

The cleanly-formatted Google Doc can be downloaded as a fully editable MS Word Document (DOCX format), so you can use it as-is or convert it to LaTeX.

PS – if you’d like a high-level template for the entire thesis, you can we’ve got that too .

Research Proposal Template FAQS

What types of research proposals can this template be used for.

The proposal template follows the standard format for academic research projects, which means it will be suitable for the vast majority of dissertations and theses (especially those within the sciences), whether they are qualitative or quantitative in terms of design.

Keep in mind that the exact requirements for the introduction chapter/section will vary between universities and degree programs. These are typically minor, but it’s always a good idea to double-check your university’s requirements before you finalise your structure.

Is this template for an undergrad, Master or PhD-level proposal?

This template can be used for a research project at any level of study. Doctoral-level projects typically require the research proposal to be more extensive/comprehensive, but the structure will typically remain the same.

How long should my research proposal be?

The length of a research proposal varies by institution and subject, but as a ballpark, it’s usually between 1,500 and 3,000 words.

To be safe, it’s best to check with your university if they have any preferences or requirements in terms of minimum and maximum word count for the research propsal.

How detailed should the methodology of the proposal be?

You don’t need to go into the fine details of your methodology, but this section should be detailed enough to demonstrate that your research approach is feasible and will address your research questions effectively. Be sure to include your intended methods for data collection and analysis.

Can I include preliminary data or pilot study results in my proposal?

Generally, yes. This can strengthen your proposal by demonstrating the feasibility of your research. However, make sure that your pilot study is approved by your university before collecting any data.

Can I share this template with my friends/colleagues?

Yes, you’re welcome to share this template in its original format (no editing allowed). If you want to post about it on your blog or social media, we kindly request that you reference this page as your source.

What format is the template (DOC, PDF, PPT, etc.)?

The research proposal template is provided as a Google Doc. You can download it in MS Word format or make a copy to your Google Drive. You’re also welcome to convert it to whatever format works best for you, such as LaTeX or PDF.

Do you have templates for the other chapters?

Yes, we do. We are constantly developing our collection of free resources to help students complete their dissertations and theses. You can view all of our template resources here .

Can Grad Coach help me with my dissertation/thesis?

Yes, you’re welcome to get in touch with us to discuss our private coaching services .

Further Resources: Proposal Writing

The template provides step-by-step guidance for each section of your research proposal, but if you’d like to learn more about how to write up a high-quality research proposal, check out the rest of our free proposal-related resources:

  • Research Proposal 101
  • Examples of research proposals
  • How To Find A Research Topic
  • How To Find A Research Gap
  • Developing Your Golden Thread
  • How To Write A Research Proposal
  • 8 Common Proposal Writing Mistakes

You can also visit the Grad Coach blog for more proposal-related resources.

Free Webinar: How To Write A Research Proposal

If you’d prefer 1-on-1 support with your research proposal, have a look at our private coaching service , where we hold your hand through the research process, step by step.

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A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELORS DEGREE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AT CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY UGANDA

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Data Management Guidance for SBE Directorate Proposals and Awards

Proposals submitted to the U.S. National Science Foundation must include a supplementary document of no more than two pages labeled "Data Management Plan" (DMP). This supplementary document should describe how the proposal will conform to NSF policy on the dissemination and sharing of research results. Proposals that do not include a DMP will not be able to be submitted.

This page provides additional background and guidance on data management for proposals submitted to SBE programs. Some SBE programs have specific requirements in addition to the directorate's requirements. Please check the program's webpage, and direct questions to your program officer.

SBE data management guidance

Originally posted April, 2018

The Data Management Plan (DMP) should be short, no more than two pages, and submitted as a supplementary document. The plan will need to address:

  • What data are generated by your research?
  • What is your plan for managing the data during and after your project is completed, including are you making your data and/or metadata available to others and how, or why not if you are not making the data available?

This document is meant to provide guidance for investigators within the Social, Behavioral, and Economic (SBE) Sciences as they develop their Data Management Plans. A thoughtful and thorough consideration of data management issues for the SBE sciences is available in a workshop report, Public Access to NSF-Funded Research Data for the Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences . NSF’s comprehensive Public Access Plan, Today’s Data, Tomorrow’s Discoveries: Increasing Access to the Results of Research Funded by the National Science Foundation , was published in 2015.

“Data” are defined as the recorded factual material commonly accepted in the scientific community as necessary to validate research findings. This includes original data, but also “metadata” (e.g., experimental protocols, code written for statistical analyses, etc.).

It is acknowledged that there are many variables governing what constitutes “data,” and the management of data. Moreover, each area of science has its own culture regarding data. The data management plan will be evaluated as part of your proposal. Proposals must include sufficient information so that peer reviewers can assess both the data management plan and past performance. The plan should reflect best practices in your area of research and should be appropriate to the data you generate.

The Requirement: Include a Data Management Plan in Proposals

An appropriate data management plan is required as a supplementary document (maximum of two pages) for all full research proposals submitted. This plan is to be included in the Supplementary Documents section of the proposal and is not part of the 15-page limit for the Project Description. The NSF will not accept any proposal submitted that is lacking a DMP. Even if no data are to be produced, (e.g., the research is purely theoretical or is in support of a workshop where there will be no report), a DMP is required. In such a case, the DMP can simply state that no data will be produced.

The plan should describe how the PIs will manage and disseminate data generated by the project, and how will data and/or metadata be stored and made available to the public . The DMP will be considered by NSF and its reviewers during the proposal review process. Strategies and eventual compliance with the proposed DMP will be evaluated not only by proposal peer review, but also through project monitoring by NSF program officers, by Committees of Visitors, and by the National Science Board.

NSF is aware of the need to provide flexibility in assessment of data management plans. In developing a plan, researchers may want to consult with university officials as many universities have explicit data management policies. Some professional organizations also have recommended data management practices and refer PIs to repositories. NSF does not endorse the use of any specific repository.

Contents of the Data Management Plan

The DMP should clearly articulate how “sharing of primary data” is to be implemented. It should outline the rights and obligations of all parties as to their roles and responsibilities in the management and retention of research data. It should also consider changes to roles and responsibilities that will occur should a principal investigator or Co-PI leave the institution or project. Any costs should be explained in the Budget Justification pages. Specific components are listed below.

Expected data. The DMP should describe the types of data, samples, physical collections, software, curriculum materials, or other materials to be produced during the project. It should then describe the expected types of data to be retained.

The Federal government defines ‘data’ in OMB Circular A-110 (now 2 CFR, Ch. II, §215.36(d)(2)(i), and codified in 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(4)(A)) as:

Research data is defined as the recorded factual material commonly accepted in the scientific community as necessary to validate research findings, but not any of the following: Preliminary analyses, drafts of scientific papers, plans for future research, peer reviews, or communications with colleagues. This "recorded" material excludes physical objects (e.g., laboratory samples). Research data also do not include:

  • (A) Trade secrets, commercial information, materials necessary to be held confidential by a researcher until they are published, or similar information which is protected under law; and
  • (B) Personnel and medical information and similar information the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy, such as information that could be used to identify a particular person in a research study.

PIs should use the opportunity of the DMP to give thought to matters such as:

  • The types of data that their project might generate and eventually share with others, and under what conditions
  • How data are to be managed and maintained until they are shared with others
  • Factors that might impinge on their ability to manage data, e.g. legal and ethical restrictions on access to non-aggregated data
  • The lowest level of aggregated data that PIs might share
  • The mechanism for sharing data and/or making them accessible to others
  • Other types of information that should be maintained and shared regarding data, e.g. the way it was generated, analytical and procedural information, and the metadata

Period of data retention. SBE is committed to timely and rapid data distribution. However, it recognizes that types of data can vary widely and that acceptable norms also vary by scientific discipline. It is strongly committed, however, to the underlying principle of timely access, and applicants should address how this will be met in their DMP statement.

Data formats and dissemination. The DMP should describe data formats, media, and dissemination approaches that will be used to make data and metadata available to others. Policies for public access and sharing should be described, including provisions for appropriate protection of privacy, confidentiality, security, intellectual property, or other rights or requirements. Research centers and major partnerships with industry or other user communities must also address how data are to be shared and managed with partners, center members, and other major stakeholders.

Data storage and preservation of access. The DMP should describe physical and cyber resources and facilities that will be used for the effective preservation and storage of research data. These can include third party facilities and repositories.

Additional possible data management requirements. More stringent data management requirements may be specified in NSF solicitations or result from local policies and best practices at the PI’s home institution. Additional requirements will be specified in the program solicitation and award conditions. Principal Investigators to be supported by such programs must discuss how they will meet these additional requirements in their Data Management Plans.

Post-Award Monitoring

After an award is made, data management will be monitored primarily through the normal Annual and Final Report process and through evaluation of subsequent proposals.

Annual Reports. Annual reports, required for all multi-year NSF awards, must provide information on the progress on data management and sharing of the research products. This information could include citations of relevant publications, conference proceedings, and descriptions of other types of data sharing and dissemination of results.

Final Project Reports. Final Project Reports are required for all NSF awards. The Final Project Report must discuss execution and any updating of the original DMP. This discussion should describe:

  • Data produced during the award;
  • Data to be retained after the award expires;
  • Verification that data will be available for sharing;
  • Discussion of community standards for data format;
  • How data will be disseminated;
  • The format that will be used to make data available to others, including any metadata; and
  • The archival location of data.

Subsequent proposals. Data management must be reported in subsequent proposals by the PI and Co-PIs under “Results of prior NSF support.”

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  1. 2023 Research Proposal Template

    research proposal for management pdf

  2. FREE 12+ Research Proposal Samples in PDF

    research proposal for management pdf

  3. Research Proposal Examples

    research proposal for management pdf

  4. How to write a research proposal (Chapter 2)

    research proposal for management pdf

  5. FREE 12+ Research Proposal Samples in PDF

    research proposal for management pdf

  6. Written Proposal Template

    research proposal for management pdf

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  1. Unlocking the Potential of AI-powered Proposal Management Software: Deep Dive Discussion with Axon

  2. Proposal Management : projet de refonte de propositions commerciales BtoB chez UBIC

  3. What is difference between Research proposal and Research paper/ NTA UGC NET

  4. Sample of Research Proposal / MESP001 / Hand written

  5. Creating a research proposal

  6. Proposal Development Services

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  1. (PDF) Management and Organizations Research Proposal Template

    Abstract. This is a template I prepared for my post graduate students. I hope that it can be useful to the many post graduate students out there who are preparing a research proposal. Discover the ...

  2. Research Proposal Example (PDF + Template)

    We walk you through two successful research proposals (Master's PhD-level), as well as our free research proposal. Download PDF or Word. About Us; Services. 1-On-1 Coaching. Topic Ideation; ... Proposal research departemet management. Reply. Salim on September 13, 2023 at 9:41 am

  3. PDF A Sample Research Proposal with Comments

    research in the fall semester, the deadline for the proposal submission (to your advisor) is July 15. For those who plan to start in the spring semester, the proposal deadline is December 1. During the proposal stage, students should discuss their research interests with CM faculty members, identify a research topic, conduct

  4. PDF A Guide to Write Research Proposal for Management and Social Science

    A Guide to Write Research Proposal for Management and Social Science Research DOI: 10.35629/8028-0803018087 www.ijbmi.org 81 | Page Purpose of research proposal should be written after leaving the space of two or threeblank lines from topic at the centre of page. For example, PhDscholar prepares research proposal for PhD thesis, scholar should ...

  5. How to Write a Research Proposal

    Research proposal examples. Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We've included a few for you below. Example research proposal #1: "A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management" Example research proposal #2: "Medical Students as Mediators of ...

  6. PDF How to Write a Good Postgraduate RESEARCH PROPOSAL

    institution you are applying to. However, if you are not given any guidelines on how to format your research proposal, you could adopt the suggested structure below. This is also relevant if you are applying for external funding or asking your employer to sponsor you to undertake a research degree. Suggested structure for a research proposal:

  7. PDF Annotated Sample Research Proposal: Process and Product

    The first part of the notes focuses on a process which you might find helpful when writing your proposal, while the second part includes an annotated example of a proposal. The annotated example aims to help you see in a concrete way what is expected in the different components of a research proposal.

  8. PDF Research Proposal Format Example

    1. Research Proposal Format Example. Following is a general outline of the material that should be included in your project proposal. I. Title Page II. Introduction and Literature Review (Chapters 2 and 3) A. Identification of specific problem area (e.g., what is it, why it is important). B. Prevalence, scope of problem.

  9. PDF WRITING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL

    Most good research proposals are usually between 2000 and 4000 words in length. A strong research proposal can and should make a positive first impression about your potential to become a good researcher. It should show those reading it that your ideas are focused, interesting and realistic. Although you should write the proposal yourself, it ...

  10. Free Download: Research Proposal Template (Word Doc + PDF)

    What's Included: Research Proposal Template. Our free dissertation/thesis proposal template covers the core essential ingredients for a strong research proposal. It includes clear explanations of what you need to address in each section, as well as straightforward examples and links to further resources. The research proposal template covers ...

  11. PDF Introduction to Writing Research Proposals

    a Research Proposal is to convince someone to give you money. To that end, you will have be an expert salesperson and convince your audience, usually a panel of experts in the eld or a closely-related eld, that your body of research is worthwhile. Traditional Research Proposals can be anywhere from 5{50 pages long, depending on the funding ...

  12. PDF How to Write a PhD Research Proposal

    A PhD proposal is an outline of your proposed research that is designed to: • Formulate and define a clear, interesting research question; this may take the form of a hypothesis to be tested, or a open-ended enquiry. • Establish the relevance and value of the proposed research question in the context

  13. PDF A Guide to Writing your PhD Proposal

    Therefore, in a good research proposal you will need to demonstrate two main things: 1. that you are capable of independent critical thinking and analysis. 2. that you are capable of communicating your ideas clearly. Applying for a PhD is like applying for a job, you are not applying for a taught programme.

  14. PDF A Proposal for Case Study Methodology in Supply Chain Integration Research

    This paper describes a case study research proposal designed to explore how and why firms chose to integrate process activities with supply chain partners. Previ-ous quantitative studies suggest that integrating demand management, collabora-tive forecasting, and demand planning activities can lead to competitive advan-

  15. PDF The Research Proposal

    The main purpose of this proposal is for the School to identify a possible supervisor, and for you to be able to indicate to the School that you have the ideas and knowledge to begin independent research and that you can explain and discuss your ideas coherently. These guidelines will help you produce a meaningful research proposal.

  16. PDF Th e nature of business and management research 3 Th e research process

    2 Th e research process and proposal 45 3 Literature review 85 4 Ethics in business research 113 Essentials of research PART 1 ... and solve a research or management dilemma (i.e. any problem or opportunity that requires a management decision). Th ree factors have stimulated an interest in this scientifi c approach to decision-making:

  17. PDF A Project Management Guide for Researchers

    The aim is to introduce the concept of project management and help communicate the potential value project management can add to research projects. This guide highlights and explains key project management process that will help in the management of a es research project. Researchers, regardless of the nature/size of their research projects ...

  18. PDF Writing a Research Proposal

    Use spell check and grammar check applications. Make an appointment with Academic Skills; and read your proposal out aloud; errors often get picked up this way. Use transition language (e.g. 'In other words', 'In contrast') to signal to the reader what is happening in your text.

  19. A Research Proposal Submitted to The School of Business and Management

    Population and sample size table. 14 3.4 Sampling procedures 14 3.5 Research Instruments 15 3.5.1 Questionnaires 15 3.6 Validity and Reliability of the instruments 15 3.6.1 Validity 15 3.6.2 Reliability 16 3.7 Data Analysis 16 3.8 Ethical considerations 16 3.9 Limitations of the study. 16 References 17 APPENDIX I: QUESTIONAIRE 20 DEMOGRAPHIC ...

  20. PDF Sample Research Proposals

    Sample Research Proposals. You will find here two examples of proposals for postgraduate research from the Department of Social Policy and Criminology. They both give good indication of the sorts of things that need to be included. The first, on fathering after divorce or separation, represents first thoughts on the proposed topic, but sets out ...

  21. Data Management Guidance for SBE Directorate Proposals and Awards

    The Requirement: Include a Data Management Plan in Proposals. An appropriate data management plan is required as a supplementary document (maximum of two pages) for all full research proposals submitted. This plan is to be included in the Supplementary Documents section of the proposal and is not part of the 15-page limit for the Project ...

  22. ‎Scholaread-Translator&Reader on the App Store

    Scholaread is more than just a tool—it's a vision to transform academic reading into a seamless, enriching experience for scholars everywhere. By combining PDF reading, academic translation, literature management into a unified platform, we're empowering scholars to maximize the value of their time. Our state-of-the-art PDF layout parsing ...