presentation on sports law

Introduction to Sports Law I- The Legal Structure of Sports Organizations

Course duration, credit type.

General/ Substantive

Presented By

Mark Conrad

This CLE presentation is the first course in a series discussing legal aspects of professional and amateur sports. Intended for those who wish to gain a general background in the field for professional or personal interest. The first part of the course discusses the organizational, legal and economic underpinnings of U.S. professional sports leagues, with a comparison between the U.S. models with International models. The lecture will also cover such aspects as the antitrust consequences of leagues, the lack of statutory law that governs sports, as well as the strong reliance on internal rules and regulations in the operations of sports organizations. Also discussed are the increasing calls for a human rights component in sports (both in the U.S. and particularly, Internationally). Transparency and ethical rules of governance are addressed at the conclusion of the presentation.

Specific statutes addressed in the course include the Sherman Anti-Trust Law, the Ted Stevens Amateur Sports Act, and the National Labor Relations Act. Cases discussed will include Finley v. Kuhn, 569 F.2d 527 (7th Cir. 1978) and NFL v. NFLPA (Brady), 820 F.2d 527 (2d Cir. 2016). The presentation will also include references to the constitutions and bylaws of some of the leagues.

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• Letter from the President
• Registration
• Hotel & Travel
• Award of Excellence
• Sponsorship Opportunities
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Wednesday, May 10, 2023

2:00 pm – 6:00 pm

Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) Arbitrators & Mediators Seminar

This Wednesday CAS session is only open to CAS Arbitrators and Mediators and registration for this Seminar should be handled directly through CAS.

2:00 pm – 5:00 pm

Academic Research Paper Session

Moderators:

Thomas A. Baker, III , Professor, University of Georgia Alicia Jessop , Professor, Pepperdine University

Presenters:

John Holden , Oklahoma State University Legalized Sports Wagering in America

Steve Ross , Penn State University Could Jackie Robinson Play Baseball Today? A Case Study of Baseball’s Vertical Integration of Minor League Baseball, its Harm to Competition and Social Equity, and the Need for an Antitrust Challenge

Josh Lens , University of Arkansas NIL Compliance

Alfred Yen , Boston College Unconscionability and Tort Waivers in Sports: A New Common Law Limit?

Dmitry Pentsov , Meyerlustenberger Lachenal Froriep Ltd Development of International Sport Law at the times of COVID-19: Opening the Pandora’s Box?

Christopher Deubert , Constangy, Brooks, Smith & Prophete, LLP Major League Soccer at Twenty-Five: Legal and Financial Considerations for the Next Quarter Century

Surbhi Kuwelker , Université de Neuchâtel Evolution of CAS HR Jurisprudence: Observations from Keramuddin Karim v. FIFA

Dionne Koller ,University of Baltimore School of Law Identifying Youth Sport

Thursday, May 11, 2023

9:30 am – 10:45 am

Breaking into the Sports Law Industry

Aaron Hernandez , Director, Allan "Bud" Selig Sports Law and Business Program, Arizona State University

Kelly Burton , Sports Attorney, the Allison Law Firm, Chtd Paia LaPalombara , Assistant Athletic Director, Ohio State University Kap Misir , Associate General Counsel, Roc Nation Robert Ollman , Associate Counsel, Phoenix Suns

10:45 am – 11:00 am

Recognition of 2023 Sports Law Writing Competition Winners

11:00 am – 12:00 pm

Lunch on own

12:15 pm – 12:30 pm

SLA 2023 Annual Conference Welcome by Allison Rich, SLA President

12:30 pm – 2:00 pm

An Overview of Recent Legal Developments in Sports

Gabe Feldman , Sher Garner Professor of Sports Law and Paul and Abram B. Barron Professor of Law, Tulane Law School; Director, Tulane Sports Law Program; Associate Provost for NCAA Compliance; Co-Director, Tulane Center for Sport Tulane University; Arbitrator, Court of Arbitration for Sport; Labor Arbitrator, American Arbitration Association. Matt Mitten , Professor of Law and Executive Director, National Sports Law Institute, Marquette University Law School; Arbitrator, American Arbitration Association and Court of Arbitration for Sport, SLA Past President Maureen Weston , Professor of Law, Director, Entertainment Media & Sports Law Program, Pepperdine Caruso School of Law

2:00 pm – 3:15 pm

General Counsels’ Forum

Adolpho Birch III , Senior Vice President & Chief Legal Officer at Tennessee Titans

Jennifer Abruzzo , General Counsel, National Labor Relations Board Christopher McCleary , General Counsel and Chief Operating Officer, US Olympic & Paralympic Committee William Ordower , Chief Operating Officer and Chief Legal Officer, National Women’s Soccer League Daniel Spillane , Senior Vice President, League Governance & Policy, National Basketball Association

3:15 pm – 3:30 pm

3:30 pm – 3:45 pm

3:45 pm – 5:00 pm

Executive Directors’ Forum

Gabe Feldman , Sher Garner Professor of Sports Law and Paul and Abram B. Barron Professor of Law, Tulane Law School; Director, Tulane Sports Law Program; Associate Provost for NCAA Compliance; Co-Director, Tulane Center for Sport Tulane University; Arbitrator, Court of Arbitration for Sport; Labor Arbitrator, American Arbitration Association

Meghann Burke , Executive Director, National Women’s Soccer League Players Association Tony Clark , Executive Director, Major League Baseball Players Association Terri Jackson , Executive Director, Women’s National Basketball Players Association Ron Klempner , General Counsel, National Basketball Players Association DeMaurice Smith , Executive Director, National Football Players Association Martin J. Walsh , Executive Director, National Hockey League Players Association

5:00 pm – 6:00 pm

Discrimination in Sports a US and International Perspective

Jeremi Duru , Professor, American University Washington College of Law

Paul McDonald , Principal- PL McDonald Law Leanne O'Leary , Senior Lecturer in Law and International Arbitrator- (London) Cardelle Spangler , Managing Partner Winston & Strawn Chicago Emily Wisnosky , Legal Affairs Manager, FIBA

6:00 pm – 7:30 pm

Friday, May 12, 2023

7:30 am – 8:30 am

Continental Breakfast

New Member Breakfast

Outreach Captain Breakfast (Invitation Only)

8:30 am – 10:30 am

A Cautionary Tale: Ethical Traps for the Unwary, College NIL Deals

Mary K. Braza , Retired Partner, Foley & Lardner LLP

Tim Nevius , Vice President, Regulatory Affairs & Athlete Advocacy, Overtime Sports Honorable Tamara Ribas , Review Judge, The State Bar Court of California

10:30 am – 10:45 am

10:45 am – 12:00 pm

Words Matter, but so Do your Actions

Bob Wallace , Jr., Chairman Sports Law Group, Thompson Coburn LLP

Shamis Beckley , Partner, Cooley Jay Kanassatega , Retired Professor of Law, Business & Commercial Litigation Attorney to Indian Tribes and Companies doing business in Indian Country. Nona Lee , Founder and CEO, Truth DEI Allison Rich , Athletic Director, University of New Hampshire Mori Taheripour , Faculty, The Wharton School

Opening Remarks by Kevin Demoff, CEO, Los Angeles Rams

12:30 pm – 1:30 pm

1:45 pm – 2:45 pm

Women's Soccer: Equal Pay, Coaching Misconduct, Age Restrictions, Expansion, and the Lawyer’s Role in it All

Jayma Meyer , Counsel, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett: Visiting Clinical Professor, Indiana University

Jeanifer Parsigian , Partner, Winston & Strawn LLP Arianna Scavetti , Partner, Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP Leonard Simon , Of Counsel, Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd

Latest Developments and Recent CAS Case Law

Michael Lenard , Vice President, ICAS Brent Nowicki , CEO, World Aquatics Matthieu Reeb , Director General, CAS Lia Yokomizo , Counsel, CAS

1:45 pm – 3:45 pm

NFLPA Certified Contract Advisor Session (This session is open to NFL agents only)

Tom DePaso , General Counsel, NFLPA Ned Ehrlich , Associate General Counsel, NFLPA Mark Levin , Salary Cap, Agent Administration, NFLPA

2:45 pm – 3:45 pm

PGA Tour/LIV Golf Litigation: Antitrust and Individual Sport Governing Bodies

Jeffrey B. Gewirtz , Executive Vice President – Business Affairs & Chief Legal Officer, BSE Global

Jodi S. Balsam , Professor of Clinical Law & Director of Externship Programs, Brooklyn Law School; Adjunct Professor of Sports Law, New York University School of Law; Legal Analyst, NBC Sports, the Golf Channel Stephen F. Ross , Professor of Law, Penn State Law; Co-Executive Director, Penn State Center for the Study of Sports in Society Bradley I. Ruskin , Partner & Co-Chair of Sports Law Group, Proskauer Rose LLP

Betting on Sports Betting – Current Industry Topics Facing Sports Entities and Athletes

Kevin Schulz , Partner, Foley & Lardner LLP

Christopher Conniff , Partner, Ropes & Gray LLP Peter Czegledy , Co-Chair of Sports, Media and Entertainment practice and Chair of Gambling and Gaming/eSports practices, Aird & Berlis LLP Jill Kelley , Vice President, Legal Affairs, New York Jets Alex Smith , Vice President, Regulatory Affairs, Fanatics Betting & Gaming

3:45 pm – 4:00 pm

4:00 pm – 5:00 pm

Breakout Session #1

Session A: The Impact of League and Ownership Changes

Maggy Carlyle , Senior VP and General Counsel, Detroit Lions

Tim Aragon , General Counsel, Denver Broncos Heather Karatz , Executive Vice President, Growth & Talent Operations, United Talent Agency Penny Toler , General Manager, The Ice House and Former Executive VP & General Manager, Los Angeles Sparks

Session B: Leaning-In: Safeguarding Athlete Health and Safety as a Continuum

Naima Stevenson Starks , SLA Board Member

Yolanda Bruce Brooks , Psy.D, HSP Licensed Clinical Sports Psychologist Nicole Deal , Senior Vice President, Chief of Security & Athlete Services, USOPC Stephen Starks , Vice president, Legal Affairs, Concerts at Live Nation Entertainment; NASCAR Substance Abuse Policy Consultant

Session C: Sports Arbitration from the Athlete’s Perspective

Matt Mitten , Professor of Law and Executive Director, National Sports Law Institute, Marquette University Law School; Arbitrator, Court of Arbitration for Sport and American Arbitration Association; SLA Past President

Howard Jacobs , Attorney / Founder, Law Offices of Howard L. Jacobs Despina Mavromati , Attorney-at-law, BianchiSchwald LLC; Lecturer at the Law Faculty of the University of Lausanne Hubert Radke , Sports Lawyer and Basketball Player’s Agent, Radke Sports Law; Scholar at Law and Administration Faculty of the Nicolas Copernicus University, Torun, Poland

Session D: Current Labor Law Issues in Collegiate and Professional Sports

Gregg E. Clifton , Partner, Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith LLP

Garrett Broshiuis , Former Professional Baseball Player, San Francisco Giants Organization, Litigation Attorney, Korein Tillery Christopher Deubert , Senior Counsel, Constangy, Brooks, Smith & Prophete, LLP Joshua D. Nadreau , Partner, Fisher Phillips

Session E: Development of Sports Cities: Weighing the Alternatives

Layth Gafoor , Lucentem Sports and Entertainment

Irwin Raij , Partner, Sidley Austin, LLP Greg Sherlock , Principal, Senior Architect, Populous

Session F: Investigations Playbook: Rules of the Road in Conducting Sports Investigations

Jared Bartie , Partner, Chair, Sports Transactions Practice, Willkie Farr & Gallagher

Soumya Dayananda , Partner, Compliance, Investigations & Enforcement, Willkie Farr & Gallagher Tim Heaphy , Partner, Co-Chair, Compliance, Investigations & Enforcement, Willkie Farr & Gallagher

Breakout Session #2 (Same Topics and Rooms as Previous Session)

6:00 pm – 7:00 pm

President’s Reception

Saturday, May 13, 2023

8:30 am – 9:30 am

International Breakfast

9:30 am – 11:00 am

Two Years of NIL: Legal and Policy Issues

C. Peter Goplerud , Of Counsel, Spencer Fane LLP

Mike Bohn , Athletic Director, University of Southern California Anil Gollaholli , General Counsel, Big Ten Conference Chase Griffin , Student, Athlete, UCLA Football Allison Rich , Athletic Director, University of New Hampshire Mit Winter , Attorney, Kennyhertz-Perry

11:00 am – 11:15 am

Refreshment Break

11:15 am – 12:15 pm

The Winding Road to Hosting an Olympic and Paralympic Games

Maidie Oliveau , Counsel, ArentFox Schiff LLP

Manav Kumar , Deputy Counsel to the Mayor & Chief Olympics Officer 2013-2017, and currently Deputy General Counsel & Head of Public Affairs for Aecom Chris McCleary , General Counsel and Chief Operating Officer, United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee Tanja Olano , Chief Legal Officer, LA 28 Organizing Committee for the Olympic & Paralympic Games

Meeting Adjourns

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Intersection of Sports Law and Technology: Navigating New Frontiers

Created on october 23, 2023, intermediate.

In this comprehensive presentation, sports lawyer Brandon Leopoldus explores the fascinating confluence of sports law and cutting-edge technology. As technology continues to transform the landscape of sports, it brings forth myriad legal challenges and opportunities. This presentation delves into the legal implications of emerging technologies, providing attendees with insights to navigate the complex intersection of sports and technology.

Learning Objectives:

Review the Evolving Landscape: Gain an in-depth understanding of how technology is reshaping the world of sports, from enhancing fan engagement to influencing athlete performance and data collection

Navigate Intellectual Property Concerns: Comprehend the legal considerations surrounding intellectual property rights in virtual experiences, wearable technology, and digital content in the context of sports

Address Privacy and Data Collection: Recognize the privacy regulations impacting athlete data collection and the role of technology companies in data ownership and usage rights

Analyze Future Trends: Identify emerging technologies such as AI and blockchain, and assess their potential impact on sports law, along with the legal challenges and considerations they present

Stay Ahead in the Field: Equip yourself with the knowledge needed to stay informed and updated on the evolving landscape of sports law and technology

Gain access to this course, plus unlimited access to 1,800+ courses, with an Unlimited Subscription.

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What is Sports Law? A Reassessment of Content and Terminology

• First Online: 01 January 2012

Cite this chapter

• Robert C. R. Siekmann 3  

Part of the book series: ASSER International Sports Law Series ((ASSER))

2173 Accesses

2 Citations

Can sports law be considered as an independent substantive area of the law, does it enjoy recognition as such, and if so, why? This is actually the primary question that requires answering, because the answer to this question is not unchallenged. The question of what sports law is can then be addressed. This contribution is structured as follows: 1) Does sports law, a sports law, sports law as an area of law exist? 2) What does sports law consist of? 3) a reassessment of content and terminology, and 4) what is the ‘hard core’ of sports law? In summary, it can be concluded that: 1) sports law exists, 2) according to the ‘sources theory’ which in fact is presented in this address, it comprises a public and a private part, 3) it is proposed to name the public part lex sportiva (sporting law) and the private part lex ludica (sportive law), and 4) the ‘hard core’ of sports law is chiefly ‘judge-made law’: of the European Court of Justice (now: Court of Justice of the EU) as the public judge—at least from a European (EU) perspective, or court (regional), and of the Court of Arbitration for Sport as the private court (global).

• Legal Order
• Sport Organisation
• International Olympic Committee
• Professional Football
• Lisbon Treaty

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is the full text of the inaugural lecture which was delivered in summarised form upon the acceptance of the appointment as Extraordinary Professor of International and European Sports Law at the School of Law of Erasmus University Rotterdam on Friday, 10 June 2011.

Director, ASSER International Sports Law Centre and Professor of International and European Sports Law. The author holds a Master's in Slavonic languages and general linguistics as well as public international law from the University of Leiden, and a doctorate in public international law from the University of Amsterdam.

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Cf., Davis 2001 , p. 211.

See also infra under 3.1. Lex sportiva.

By way of oratio pro domo .

Cf., also supra under 3.4. Lex ludica .

Beloff 2005 , p. 49.

Mitten and Opie 2010 , pp. 3–4 and n. 6, p. 4.

The classical representative of this position is the eminence grise of sports law in England, Grayson 1994 , p. XXXVII. A recent publication in this tradition is, for example, Donnellan 2010 .

Davis 2001 , pp. 211–214.

The concept of the ‘specificity of sport’ has also become established beyond European Sports Law (see infra under 3.6.) on a worldwide scale, for example in the FIFA player’s status and transfer regulations, the rules of the FIFA Dispute Resolution Chamber (DRC) and pertinent CAS jurisprudence (cf., the Webster, Matuzalem and De Sanctis transfer ‘buy-out’ awards of CAS).

Case C-176/96.

So-called transfer windows.

Apart from that, in this author’s opinion, the old-fashioned tradition of one transfer window (between two full competitions at the start of the football season) would be sufficient and fair, since it prevents the composition of teams being changed during the winter break which unduly distorts the initial balance of strength between clubs during competition.

Mitten and Opie (Mitten and Opie 2010 , p. 3 en noot 3) comment that in spite of the fact that almost all areas of the law—individually and in combination—regulate competition (including broad and important areas such as competition law, the law of obligations, intellectual property law and employment law), relatively few academics teach sports law or are scholars of sports law. According to the AALS (The Association of American Law Schools) Directory of Law Teachers 2009–2010, there are only 120 professors teaching sports law, while more than 340 are specialised in competition law, 1800 in constitutional law and 360 in employment law. These three fields of law are the main areas of public law regulating sport in the United States. So, there is scope for a greater focus on sport on these fields of law. See the website of the ASSER International Sports Law Centre ( www.sportslaw.nl . under ‘The Centre’) for a global listing of International and National Sports Law Associations, Sports Law Centres and Sports Law Journals.

Real Madrid, for example, tops the world ranking list of clubs in terms of annual turnover for 2010 with more than EUR 438 million. The total turnover of all professional clubs exceeded four billion euros for the first time last year (according to data from accountancy firm Deloitte, as published in NRC Handelsblad on 11 February 2011).

Beloff 2005 , p. 52. For example, in the context of the topical fight against sporting fraud, in particular match fixing in relation to legal or illegal sports betting within the framework of national or international organised crime, a distinction can be made between measures that are horizontally applicable (e.g., to episodes of corruption in the private sector, independently of the different business sectors concerned) and measures that have been specifically adopted to address sporting fraud and match fixing in particular (‘vertical law’); cf., Negotiated procedure EAC/25/2011, Study on the legal framework applicable to sporting fraud, notably match-fixing, in the EU Member States, European Commission, Directorate-General for Education and Culture, Annex 1—Terms of Reference, para. 3.2., p. 4.

Nafziger 2004b , p. 3; See also: Nafziger 2004a , p. 48.

Devyatovski v IOC, 2009 A 1752.

Foster 2010 , p. 20; paper presented during the Lex Sportiva Conference at Pelita Harapan Universitas (UPH), on 22 September 2010 in Jakarta, Indonesia, organised in collaboration with the Indonesia Lex Sportiva Instituta and with the support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia, the National Olympic Committee, the T.M.C. Asser Instituut and the Indonesian football league.

Casini 2010 , p. 3.

FIFA v WADA, CAS 2005/C/976 and 986.

CAS 2008/A/1545.

Foster 2010 , p. 20. However, see previously also, CAS/2004/A/704, suggesting that CAS decisions constitute a lex sportiva that subsequent CAS panels should consider.

Maclaren says that the term lex sportiva was coined by the acting Secretary General of the Court of Arbitration for Sport. Matthieu Reeb, at the time of the publication of the first Digest with awards of the CAS in the period 1986–1998, in: McLaren 2001 , p. 379, footnote 11; in the introduction to the Digest of CAS Awards II 1998–2000, Reeb writes that the Digest of CAS Awards 1986–1998 recorded the creation of a lex sportiva through the arbitral awards of the CAS (p. XXX). The term lex sportiva is not a pure Latinism, since the adjective ‘sportiva’ is not Latin, the term lex sportiva obviously was created by analogy with lex mercatoria ; see generally, Kolev 2008 , pp. 57 and 60–62.

Erbsen 2006 , pp. 441, 443–444.

Foster 2003 , pp. 1–2, 8.

Foster 2006 , pp. 420–421.

Casini 2010 , pp. 2–4.

Latty 2011 , paper presented during the Lex Sportiva Conference at Pelita Harapan Universitas (UPH), on 22 September 2010 in Jakarta, Indonesia, organised in collaboration with the Indonesia Lex Sportiva Instituta and with the support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia, the National Olympic Committee, the T.M.C. Asser Instituut and the Indonesian football league. See also: Latty 2007 .

In the CAS award AEK Athens and SK Slavia Praha v UEFA, lex ludica is described as a set of unwritten legal principles, a sort of lex mercatoria for sports (CAS 1998/200 at para. 156); see also, CAS 2009/A/1768 at para. 5.2, with reference to CAS 1998/200.

Foster 2006 , p. 421.

Wax 2010 , pp. 25, 28; paper presented during the Lex Sportiva Conference at Pelita Harapan Universitas (UPH), on 22 September 2010 in Jakarta, Indonesia, organised in collaboration with the Indonesia Lex Sportiva Instituta and with the support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia, the National Olympic Committee, the T.M.C. Asser Instituut and the Indonesian football league. See also: Wax 2009 .

Weatherill 2010b ; also in: The International Sports Law Journal (ISLJ) (2011) pp. 38–41. See also: Weatherill 2007 .

Civil courts as well as criminal courts.

Cf., as an example of a casus belli —in the new meaning of legal proceedings on war—an event such as the border conflict which El Salvador and Honduras waged with one another in the 1960s following a series of football matches which escalated out of control ( casus belli in the traditional sense) (see Kapuściński 1978 ).

See Soek 2006a , pp. 28–31 and 33–35.

Chaker 2004 , pp. 9–11.

See: Law Number 3 Year 2006 of the Republic of Indonesia concerning National Sports System. In China, the 1995 Sports Law is currently being reviewed, see Nafziger and Wei 1998 , pp. 453–483.

See Coenen 2009 , pp. 59–61 and 64–65; Pearson and James 2009 , pp. 535–554.

See Koch 2007 , pp. 95–158 (Part II.B: Public Law).

Wax 2010 , p. 26. Jacobs 1975 , p. 52, says that the Games of Greek antiquity were an early example of the influence of sport on the development of international law and that these Games can therefore also be seen as one of the first steps towards the creation of true international law between ethnically related, but completely autonomous city states.

For the activities of the Council of Europe in the field of sport, see Siekmann and Soek 2007 . Regarding the combating of football hooliganism in the European Union, see Football Hooliganism with an EU Dimension: Towards an International Legal Framework 2004 ; also: Mojet and Siekmann 2009 , pp. 499–533.

See Siekmann and Soek 2005 ; see in particular regarding the ‘sports article' in the Lisbon Treaty: Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy 2010 . See also, Weatherill 2010a , pp. 11 and 14–17. For a comparison of types of ‘continental sports law’ see Nafziger 2008 , pp. 100–108; see also: Weatherill 2000 , pp. 155 et seq.; also included in Weatherill 2007 , pp. 155–176. See in general also, Siekmann and Soek 2011 , pp. 41–51 and 54.

See Siekmann 2008 , pp. 121–124.

A distinguishing feature of international sports federations (Ifs) amongst (private) international organisations is their ‘normative’ functions, which possibly contributes one more, minor argument to consider ‘sports law’ as a separate area of law.

See Mestre 2009 .

See Siekmann and Soek 1998 .

See Casini 2009 , pp. 421–446; See also Siekmann 2011a , pp. 89–96. See in general: David 2008 .

Siekmann et al. 1999 . See also Soek 2007 , pp. 159–561 (Part III: Sport Rules and Regulations).

See Siekmann et al. 2007 ; see also Martins and Reiter 2010 , pp. 7–12. Roberto Branco Martins is initiator and director of the Dutch professional football players’ agents association ProAgent and general manager of the European Federation of Football Agents (EFAA).

See Siekmann and Soek 2001 . See also: Blackshaw 2009 .

Blackshaw et al. 2006 .

See Weger 2009 .

Jakarta (Indonesia) is the only place to have a Lex Sportiva Instituta. It was founded several years ago by Dr Hinca Pandjaitan, a honorary member of the Hague International Sports Law Academy (HISLAC(a)) which was established in Djakarta in September 2010, and is the private initiative of a law firm that is not officially connected with any university.

A famous example of the ball not being returned to the other team occurred on 13 February 1999 during the FA Cup tie between Arsenal and Sheffield United, when Nwankwo Kanu, making his debut for Arsenal, mistakenly took a ball from a teammate that was intended for the opponent and crossed it for Marc Overmars to score the winning goal. Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger subsequently offered to have the match re-played. This happened, and Arsenal won again 2-1.

The in-depth study of the Laws of the Game of Association Football in a historical and comparative (in particular, team sports) perspective will be undertaken by this author in the coming years. Especially, the Laws on the off-side rule and offences (‘fouls and misconduct’) are of critical importance, the latter for the benefit of their further improved application also to be examined from the perspective of generally recognised principles of criminal law (cf., the concepts of carelessness, recklessness and excessive force already having been introduced in Law 12). See, in this context, Rous and Ford 1974 .

CAS 2007/A/1217.

Soek 2006b .

For a detailed elaboration of this issue in relation to the Feyenoord/UEFA case, see Mojet and Siekmann 2009 , pp. 530–531.

Case C-36/74, Case C-176/96 and Case C-519/04, respectively.

Case C-325/08.

See Parrish and Miettinen 2008 . In the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice regarding ‘sports betting’ (nine cases from Zenatti (1999) to Carmen Media (2010)) it is not ‘sport specificity’ (rules and regulations of sports organisations), but rather national lottery legislation and policy that is tested against EU law. The subjecxt of sports betting as part of European Sports Law (ESL) is sports-related, but not ‘sports-rule’ related and as such it looks like to belong to the marginal topics of ESL. See also Siekmann 2011b , pp. 97–99, 102–117 and 120–121, and also in Anderson et al. 2011 .

Weatherill 2010c , pp. 3–6.

See: Study on the equal treatment of non-nationals in individual sports competitions, Commissioned by the European Commission to the T.M.C. Asser Instituut and Edge Hill and Leiden Universities, December 2010. See for the Study’s Introduction, Analysis, Conclusion and Recommendations, and Executive Summary, The International Sports Law Journal (ISLJ) 2011/1-2, pp. 152–172.

McLaren 2001 , p. 379, footnote 11.

Reeb 1998 .

Berne 2002, at p. XX.

See generally, Kolev 2008 , pp. 57 and 60–62.

Beloff 2005 , at p. 49.

Edited by Ian S. Blackshaw, Robert C.R. Siekmann and Janwillem Soek.

Pp. 420–440.

Foster 2003 , at p. 4.

CAS 98/200, para. 156. Explicit reference to the lex ludica in this CAS award is made in CAS 29009/A/1768, Hansen v. FEI, which by the way was presided by Beloff.

See, Commission decision of 25 June 2002 in Case 37806, ENIC/UEFA.

Anderson P, Blackshaw I, Siekmann R, Soek J eds. (2011) Sports Betting: Law and Policy (due to appear in October 2011 from T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague)

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Latty F (2007) La lex sportiva —Recherche sur le droit transnational, Études de Droit International Vol. 3, Leiden-Boston

Latty F (2011) Transnational sports law. In: 1–2 The international sports law journal (ISLJ)

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Martins RB and Reiter G (2010) Players’ agents: past, present …future? In: The international sports law journal (ISLJ) 1–2

McLaren RH (2001) The court of arbitration for sport: an independent arena for the world’s sports disputes. In: Valparaiso University Law Review

Mestre AM (2009) The law of the olympic games. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague

Mitten MJ and Opie H (2010) ‘“Sports Law”: Implications For The Development Of International, Comparative, And National Law And Global Dispute Resolution’, Marquette University Law School Legal Studies Research Paper Series, Research Paper No. 10–31, June 2010

Mojet H and Siekmann R (2009) Legal aspects of combating transnational football hooliganism in Europe. In: Gardiner S, Parrish R and Siekmann RCR (eds) EU, Sport, Law and Policy, The Hague

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Nafziger JAR (2004b) Lex Sportiva In: 1-2 The international sports law journal (ISLJ). Also included under the title ‘Lex Sportiva and CAS’. In: Blackshaw IS, Siekmann RCR and Soek J (eds) (2006) The Court of Arbitration for Sport 1984–2004, The Hague, p 409

Nafziger JAR (2008) A comparison of the European and North American models of sports organisation. In: 3–4 The international sports law journal (ISLJ)

Nafziger JAR and Wei L (1998) China’s sports law. In: The american journal of comparative law, vol. XLVI, Summer 1998, Number 3

Parrish R, Miettinen S (2008) The sporting exception in European union law. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague

Pearson G and James M (2009) The legality and effectiveness of using football banning orders in the fight against racism and violence at sports events. In: Gardiner S, Parrish R and Siekmann RCR (eds) EU, sport, law and policy: regulation, re-regulation and representation, The Hague

Reeb M (1998) Recueil des sentences du TAS/Digest of CAS Awards 1986–1998, Berne

Rous Sir S, C.B.E. and Ford D, M.A. (1974) A history of the laws of association football, Published by F.I.F.A., Zurich, Switzerland

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Siekmann RCR (2011b) Sports betting in the jurisprudence of the european court of justice: a study into the application of the stare decisis principle, or: the application of the ‘reversal method’ of content analysis and the essence of the ECJ case law on sports betting. In: The international sports law journal (ISLJ) 1–2

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Siekmann, R.C. (2012). What is Sports Law? A Reassessment of Content and Terminology. In: Siekmann, R., Soek, J. (eds) Lex Sportiva: What is Sports Law?. ASSER International Sports Law Series. T.M.C. Asser Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-829-3_18

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The Harvard Committee on Sports and Entertainment Law

Harvard Law School

2021 Harvard Sports Law Symposium

Please register for each event of the 2021 harvard sports law symposium, by clicking on the event titles below..

HLS Students: You may attend the Symposium’s events in person.

Day 1 will take place in 102 Malkin (Hauser Hall); Day 2 will take place in Milstein West B, on the second floor of WCC.

Food will be provided.

Please contact the CSEL email ( [email protected] ) with any questions that you may have.

Day 1: Monday, October 18, 2021

Paul c. weiler distinguished alumni fireside chat featuring mike zarren, hls ‘04.

Time: 12pm – 1:15pm ET

Professor Peter A. Carfagna, Lecturer on Law and Faculty Advisor of Harvard Law School’s Sports Law Program shall present the 2021 Paul C. Weiler Distinguished Alumni Award to Mike Zarren, HLS ‘04, Vice President of Basketball Operations and Team Counsel for the Boston Celtics, and a longtime sponsor of the Sports Law Clinic. In this fireside chat, Professor Carfagna and Mike will discuss Mike’s career path, the impact of his time at HLS, Mike’s continued involvement with the HLS Sports Law Program, and a variety of pressing legal issues for the Celtics, the NBA, and the sport industry in general.

Panel #1:  The  Future of the Athlete- Agent Relationship

Time: 1:30pm – 2:30pm ET

The athlete-agent relationship is one of the best-known aspects of professional sports in America. Athletes look to their agents for various services, from representation in contract negotiations to management of finances. As the nature of professional sports continues to evolve, this panel takes a fresh look at where the athlete-agent relationship is headed, and what implications these developments will have for sports law.

• Moderator: Michael McCann, Founding Director of the Sports and Entertainment Law Institute (SELI) and Professor of Law at the University of New Hampshire School of Law and Legal Analyst for Sportico
• Kim Miale , NFL Agent & General Counsel,  Roc Nation Sports
• Allison Galer , Founder & President,  Disrupt the Game
• Evan Green , Director of Arbitration & Agent,  CAA Baseball

Panel #2:  A  Collective Effort? The Evolving Landscape of Stadium Financing

Time: 2:45pm – 3:45pm ET

Debates over stadium financing touch on some of the most sensitive aspects of sports’ relationships with communities, from public funding and tax breaks to relocation. Stadiums are simultaneously a home for a team or teams and a major real estate investment. Sports lawyers involved in stadium deals must balance a variegated set of interests, as the participants on this panel will discuss, while keeping an eye toward the future of stadium financing.

• Moderator:  David Dapaah-Afriyie , Co-President of the Harvard Committee on Sports and Entertainment Law,  Harvard Law School ’22
• Jeffrey B. Gewirtz , Chief Operating Officer, Executive Vice President, & General Counsel,  BSE Global
• Kim Miner , Executive Vice President & General Counsel,  Worcester Red Sox
• Irwin Raij , Partner and Co-Chair of the Sports Law Practice,  O’Melveny and Myers

Day 2: Tuesday, October 19, 2021

Keynote Address: Jeff Schwartz (NBA Agent, Founder & President, Excel Sports Management); Mark Steinberg (Golf Agent & Partner, Excel Sports Management).

Time: 12pm – 1:30pm ET

The Harvard Committee on Sports and Entertainment Law is honored to welcome two speakers for this year’s Keynote Address: Jeff Schwartz and Mark Steinberg. Jeff established Excel Sports Management in 2002 and has since led the way as the business has enjoyed massive success. Mark leads Excel’s professional golf division and is a renowned sports agent, having now represented Tiger Woods for over two decades, among other top golfers. Excel Sports Management is a longtime friend of the Harvard Sports Law Program. Please join as Jeff and Mark discuss their storied working relationship with one another and various legendary athletes, as well as speak to the evolution of professional athlete representation and what it means to be an effective steward of an athlete’s career: From amateur competition to post-retirement from professional competition.

Panel #3:   On the Rise? Pro Soccer in the United States

Time: 2:30pm – 3:30pm ET

Soccer is the most popular sport in the world, but it has long been less popular than sports like American football, baseball, and basketball in the United States. However, in recent years, soccer participation and spectatorship in America has dramatically increased and seems poised for continued growth. This panel will reflect on these developments through the lens of sports law and consider how the potential rise of soccer in the U.S. will impact the sports law landscape.

• Moderator:  Professor Peter A. Carfagna , Lecturer on Law and Faculty Director of the Harvard Sports Law Program,  Harvard Law School
• Brandon Briggs , Deputy General Counsel,  Inter Miami CF
• Douglas Burns , Vice President of Legal Affairs,  Major League Soccer
• Chris Deubert , Principal,  Law Office of Christopher R. Deubert, Esq.
• Caesar Lopez , Chief Administrative Officer & General Counsel,  Orlando City SC
• Justin Papadakis , COO & Chief Real Estate Officer,  United Soccer League

2021 Weiler Awards Presentation & Closing Remarks

Time: 3:45pm – 4:15pm ET

For many years, Paul C. Weiler was the face of the Sports Law Program at Harvard Law School and a beloved professor to a host of lawyers who graduated from HLS. Professor Weiler sadly passed away earlier this year.

The Weiler Awards honor Professor Weiler’s outsized contributions to the HLS Sports Law Program, recognizing students for their work with the Program, through participation in HLS’ sports and entertainment law courses, the Harvard Committee on Sports and Entertainment Law, the Journal on Sports and Entertainment Law, and clinical placements through the Sports Law Clinic.

CSEL celebrates the four students who earned a Weiler Award this year:

• Logan P. Duffy ‘22
• Ryan Gribbin-Burket ‘21
• Amira Katherine J. Khazal ‘21
• Mohammad Usman Zia ‘21

• Information about IASL
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Training Seminar

National and International Sports Legal Order

Training Seminar of the National School of Judicial Officers was held under the Chairmanship of EKPA Professor Dimitrios Panagiotopoulos

INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS LAW

On Wednesday, December 7, 2022, a Lecture was held, in the Library of the Law School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, on the topic: "INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS LAW", by the Professor of the University of Athens and Lawyer of the Supreme Court, Mr. Dimitrios Panagiotopoulos.

Course International Relations Wibinar

On 16 May 2022 it will be held the round table How Do International Relations Affect Sports Autonomy?

Organized by the course International Relations of the Master in Communication and Policies for Sport (University of Teramo - Italy).

Honorary Ceremony at the University of Athens

At the University of Athens, Friday 19 May 2017, took place Honorary Ceremony for HRH Prince NAWAF BIN FAISAL for the cultivation and the development of the Sports Law in the Middle East and the Arabic world and in the framework of the 10 years cooperation of IASL with the Saudi Law Training Center and its participation of IASL's in the English e-learning Sports Law Program of University of Athens, which will be stared on September and in which the IASL takes part. This program in the next few months will be translated and in Arabic.

World Soccer Congress Shanghai 2016

Annual Gala in the Rising Power for World No.1 Sport!

Lex Sportiva and Sports Jurisdiction

Sports Law Conference, June  27th  2015, Istanbul ( Kadir  Has University,  Kadir  Has Campus,  Cibali  Hall)

SportAccord Convention 2015, which will be held April 19-24, 2015 in Sochi.

SportAccord Convention is a 6-day annual gathering of leading representatives from international sport, including...

First International Conference on Sports Management and Sports Law, United Arab Emirates, Dubai on March 3rd, 2015

First International Conference on Sports Management and Sports Law , United Arab Emirates, Dubai on March 3 rd , 2015.

Osgoode Hall's Entertainment & Sports Law Conference, March 7th, 2014, Toronto, Canada

Osgoode Hall's annual Entertainment & Sports Law Conference will take place on March 7th , 2014, at Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

International Round Table Discussion, June 28th, 2013, Jakarta, Indonesia

The Pro  19th  World  IASL  Congress International Round Table Discussion on June  28th , 2013 took place in Jakarta, Indonesia, with topic: SPORTS LAW, SPORTS TOURISM AND TERRORISM...

Two International Conferences, May 28-30, 2013, Moscow, Russia

7th  International Conference  on  “Sport Globalization: Olympic Games and International Sport Competition”,   May  28th , 2013 , Moscow, Russia.

IX Annual International Science Conference  on  “ Ways of implementation of the decent work and decent social security ” ,  May  30th , 2013,  Moscow, Russia...

International Conference on Sports Law, April 18-19, 2013, Minsk, Belarus

On April 18-19, 2013 will take place the International Conference on Sports Law, in Minsk, Belarus...

3rd C5 Forum on European online gambling Law, February 4-5, 2013, London, UK

On February 4-5, 2013 will take place the 3rd C5 forum on european online gambling Law...

18th Congress of the European College of Sport Science, June 26-29, 2013, Barcelona, Spain

On June 26-29, 2013 will take place the 18th annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science in the Barcelona, Spain...

10th KASEL International Conference, October 13-14, 2012, Seoul, South Korea

On October 13-14, 2012 took place the 10th   KASEL International Conference 2012 in Seoul, under the title "New Trend of Sports Law"...

Intensive Seminar of International Sports Law, November 5-9, 2012, Buenos Aires, Argentina

On November 5-9, 2012 will take place the Intensive Seminar of International Sports Law in Buenos Aires, Argentina...

22nd annual conference of ANZSLA, October 17-19, 2012, Perth, Western Australia

On October 17-19, 2012 will take place the 22nd annual conference of ANZSLA (Australian and New Zealand Sports Law Association) in the city of Perth in Western Australia...

Presentation-discussion of the book "Droits fondamentaux du sport- Dopage", June 26, 2012, Paris, France

On June 26, 2012 at 17h00 will take place a presentation-discussion event, concerning a new book directed by Nathalie Korchia and Christophe Pettiti . The book is entitled: " Droits fondamentaux du sport-Dopage "...

II Argentinian Congress of Sports Law, June 15-16, 2012, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina

On June 15-16, 2012 will take place the II Argentinian Congress of Sports Law in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, in Argentina...

International Convention on Science Education and Medicine in Sport, July 19-23, 2012, Glasgow, Scotland, UK

On July 19-23, 2012 will take place the International Convention on Science Education and Medicine in Sport ( ICSEMIS ) in Glasgow...

6th International Scientific and Practical Conference, May 30, 2012, Moscow, Russia

On the 30th of May, 2012 will take place the 6th international scientific and practical Conference in the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Russian Federation in Moscow...

International Scientific-Practical Conference, April 27, 2012, Minsk, Belarus

The Public Association “Belarusian Republican Union of Lawyers” with the support of the Republic state public Association “Presidential sports club” is organizing on April 27th , 2012 in Minsk, Belarus an international scientific-practical conference...

2nd International Congress of Sports Law, November 20-22, 2012, Santiago, Cuba

On November 20-22, 2012 will take place the 2nd International Congress of Sports Law in the city of Santiago in Cuba on "Challenges and limitations of Sports Law in the 21st century."

Conference of Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Sportivo, October 26-27, 2011, Sao Paolo, Brazil

The Brazilian Institute of Sports Law " Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Sportivo " organizes a Conference to be held on 26 and 27 of October 2011 in Sao Paolo, Brazil, with topic "Football: Law and Business".

4th International Conference ASLA, Oct. 27-30, 2011, Pyeongchang/Gangreung, Rep. of Korea

The 4th International Conference of the Asian Sports Law Association( ASLA ) on Sports Law will take place in Pyeongchang / Gangreung , Republic of Korea from 27th to 30th October 2011.

Seminario Internacional Intensivo de Derecho del Deporte, Nov. 7-11, 2011, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Seminario Internacional Intensivo de Derecho del Deporte , Nov. 7-11, 2011, Buenos Aires, Argentina

International Sports Law Conference, May 30th, 2011, Moscow, Russia

13th International Forum Sports Law & Business, May 4-5, 2011, London, UK

13th International Forum "Sports Law & Business 2011", May 4th-5th, 2011, Millennium Knightsbridge Hotel, London, UK

International Sport Law Conference, March 16-17, 2011, Krasnodar city, Russia

International Sport Law Conference, 16-17 March 2011, Kuban State University, Krasnodar city, Russia.

R.K..Jain Sports Law Knowledge Lecture & Seminar, Feb. 26th, 2011, New Delhi, India

"The New Developments in International Sports Law & CAS Jurisprudence with Perspective of Sports Law in India". Saturday, February 26th, 2011, Plenary Hall, Indian Law Institute (in front of the Supreme Court of India), Bhagawan Das Road, New Delhi - 110001

I Congreso Nacional de Derecho del Deporte, October 29-30, 2010, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Iasl's president participation to the sports law conference, september 18, 2010, nicosia, cyprus, sports law conference, september 6-7, 2010, istanbul, turkey.

The Law and Business of International Sport

Building bridges, dealing with challenges, utilising opportunities for international collaboration among practitioners and academics. In conjunction with the 2010 FIBA World Championships.

Istanbul University Law Faculty Centre of Comparative Law, Moroglu-Arseven Istanbul Law Firm, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Sport Management Graduate Program, and the International Association of Sports Law (IASL) are pleased to organise an academic and practitioners conference, to take place in Istanbul, Turkey, Sept. 6-7, 2010,

60th Congress of the International Association of Legal Science, May 13-14, 2010, Istanbul, Turkey

The 60th Congress of the International Association of Legal Science - IALS International Symposium, on Sports Law, will be held in Istanbul, Turkey, date: May 13th-14th, 2010.

First Legal Arab Sport Forum, 23-24 April 2010, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt

The SHIAC ARBITRATION CENTRE organizes the First Legal Arab Sport Forum, which is taking place on the 23-24 April 2010, in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, with subject: "Arab Lex Sportiva".

15th World IASL Congress, November 19-21, 2009, Warsaw, Poland

The 15th Congress of Sports Law of the International Association of Sports Law was held in Warsaw, Poland, from 19th to 21st November 2009.

Sport Law Forum, 28th March 2009, Budapest, Hungary

A forum introduction the International Association of Sports Law (IASL) and the SPORTJUS Hungarian Association of Sportslawyers.

International Conference on Sports Law, 5th-8th January 2009, Peijing, China

This Conference was held at Peijing, by the China University of Political Science and Law and the Legal Research Center of Physical Culture.

6th International Conference on Sports Law, October 17 - 18, 2008, Rep. of Korea

This Conference will be held at Korea, University in Seoul, by the Korean Association of Sports & Entertainment Law ( KASEL ).

Sports Law Symposium in Japan from 21 - 22 November 2007

From 21 - 22 November the Sports Law Symposium hosted by Japan Federation of Bar Associations, Japan LAWASIA Friendship Association, LAWASIA and co-hosted by the China Law Society and Korean Bar Association will take place in Tokyo.

12th IASL Conference

The 12th IASL Conference on Legal Aspects of Professional Sport was held from 23 to 25 November 2006 in Ljubljana.

11th International Congress on Sports Law

The 11th Congress of the International Association of Sports Law is scheduled for Johannesburg from 28 to 30 November 2005.

1st Hellenic Congress in Sport Management

Informations about the 1st National Congress in Sport Management at town of Sparta, 3-5 of June 2005.

SportAccord 2004

LawAccord (18 May, 2004) is an outstanding forum for exploring the legal implications of key business issues facing the sports industry.

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Sports Law Dissertation Ideas

Published by Owen Ingram at January 2nd, 2023 , Revised On October 9, 2023

If you are a student of sports law at a university, you must be familiar with the stress that comes with writing a dissertation due to the difficulty of choosing an appropriate sports law topic.

Choosing a topic that interests students is fine, but the best sports law dissertation topics encourage investigation and study. There are many great themes for legal dissertations in the area of sports since it is a topic that never ceases to fascinate.

Many topics can be covered in your sports law paper, including international sports law, the jurisdiction of sporting bodies, rules and regulations governing particular sports, and more. The system is better equipped to handle power, parties, global order, national order, and frequent changes in order.

The Best Sports Law Dissertation Topics & Ideas

• Negligence among cheerleading squads in several case studies
• Effects of sports law on instances of doping at international competitions
• International sporting events’ legal ramifications and the function of social media
• Overview of the international vision of sports management
• Bosman Decisions: The EU Sports Law and Its Global Effects
• Laws on club sports administration in the UK
• Football match-fixing and the rules governing it
• Cricket match-fixing and the international sports regulations that govern it
• Reviewing legal issues and impacts in sports marketing
• Legal ramifications of sports promotion aid in the US, the UK, and the EU
• legal considerations of the administration and oversight of sports groups
• A study of sports laws regarding lifestyle sports
• Sport’s national governing bodies and their legal position
• The function and effects of labour agreements in UK sporting bodies
• Sports law in the US: policies and procedures
• Visa procedures for athletes from other countries and the issues they confront
• Rights under the Constitution for student-athletes
• Sports sexual harassment and the laws that prohibit it
• Policies that support the advancement and defence of the rights of transgender athletes
• Contract and employment legislation for coaches

It can actually be a struggle to come up with a great sports law dissertation topic. Thankfully the aforementioned sports law dissertation ideas can be considered in that regard.

Or you could request professional topics and outline help , proposal writing service or full dissertation writing service to get your paper completed by a subject specialist.

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List 5 best sports law dissertation ideas.

1. “The Impact of Athlete’s Rights on Sports Contracts” 2. “Legal Aspects of Doping Regulations in Sports” 3. “Intellectual Property Rights in Sports Marketing” 4. “Antitrust Laws and Competitive Balance in Sports Leagues” 5. “Legal Implications of Esports and Online Gaming”

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Florida State, Clemson Test Antitrust and Contract Attack on ACC

By Alex Ebert

One of the largest college sports conferences, the Atlantic Coast Conference, is defending aggressive antitrust and contract theories brought by Florida State University and Clemson University, two football powerhouses, and is fighting for home-field advantage in a North Carolina state court.

The stakes are high for the ACC and other conferences, which could see more claims like these from disgruntled teams if the conference doesn’t successfully beat them down. In these suits alone more than half a billion dollars in television broadcast rights and contract penalties are on the line.

On March 22, the Atlantic Coast Conference and Florida State University faced off in the North Carolina Business Court as teams of lawyers argued whether the school’s nearly $600 million fight to exit the conference should be heard in the ACC’s home base of North Carolina or in Florida state court.

Both the schools and the conference are banking on shaky legal theories, lawyers say, where the choice of venue could help tip the scales.

The ACC preemptively filed a lawsuit in North Carolina to bar FSU from leaving the conference. FSU followed with its own litigation in Florida state court. Those suits’ core issue—whether fees to exit the conference are so high that they’re illegally anti-competitive or unconscionable—was complicated by a pile-on $140 million complaint filed on March 19 by Clemson University in South Carolina state court echoing FSU’s claims.

“The Clemson complaint was very carefully, strategically located. They’re trying to pick up whatever is left if Florida blows it up,” said Peter Carfagna, the director of the Sports Law Clinic at Harvard Law School. “It’s almost like a pincer attack.”

Courthouse Sprint

Learning that FSU was planning to sue, the ACC fired first in North Carolina on December 21, 2023. The Tallahassee-based university was planning to break deals it entered with the conference over the last 13 years, the suit said, endangering an organization earning 14 universities hundreds of millions of dollars annually.

The next day FSU fired back with its complaint in Florida, arguing that “draconian” exit fees and rights to game broadcasts lock schools into a conference that’s underperforming. Poor leadership, they claim, also led to FSU’s undefeated college football team missing out on last season’s playoffs and the payouts that came with that opportunity.

“Those failures have coalesced with the ACC’s efforts to effectively deprive ACC members of their fundamental right to withdraw” from an “unconscionable” contract or face monetary penalties “that are unparalleled in the history of college athletics,” the school said in its amended complaint.

The universities claim that the ACC’s long-term TV deals have lost the conferences’ teams hordes of cash compared with the deals struck by other conferences. The ACC is locked into broadcast deals through 2036 with payouts dwarfed by the cash received by schools in other conferences , such as the Big 10 and the SEC.

The ACC contract mandates universities who leave the organization forfeit cash from game broadcasts for the next 12 years, along with a withdrawal penalty of $130 million, totaling $572 million, FSU claims. That makes the exit fee an unlawful restraint on trade, FSU says, arguing these deals limit market competition and violate state antitrust laws—laws that recently the Florida Attorney General leveraged to squeeze a deal that could equate to $80 million in penalties for Spirit Airlines when the company sought a merger .

Clemson hammered home that ACC members make roughly $30 million less per year than schools in the Big 10 and SEC, and with penalties far higher than the SEC’s $45 million fee for defectors. The Big 10 does not levy a fee on schools that leave.

“Judged against these comparators, the Withdrawal Penalty that the ACC insists a member institution must pay to leave the Conference today has ballooned to a point that was unimaginable in 2012, and is unconscionable, unenforceable, and in violation of public policy, especially when sought to be imposed on a public university like Clemson,” the school said.

‘Only So Long as it Chooses’

However disadvantageous the deals may look, the ACC argues that the schools signed on to these agreements, making them “irrevocable” and “exclusive” through 2036.

It cannot be that Florida State is “bound by a contract only so long as it chooses,” the conference said in its amended complaint.

Hal K. Litchford, a senior counsel at Baker Donelson and antitrust expert, said a contract isn’t necessarily illegal just because the terms are harsh and prevent a party from seeking better terms on the open market. Such arguments are often the downfall of antitrust plaintiffs, he added.

“The allegation from the antitrust standpoint is the contract restrained FSU’s ability to make the best deal it can, but we don’t have a well-defined market,” he said. “FSU is being restrained from participating, but so is every other ACC school and every other SEC school and Big 10 school, so that’s not really a cognizable claim.”

Additionally, the theory that the contract’s penalties are unconscionable is one that’s generally used by consumers facing down big corporations, or former employees trying to get out of penalties in noncompete agreements where damage to a business is hard to calculate. Here FSU and Clemson helped participate in the ACC as it was reaching these TV deals, and the cash on the line is clear.

The schools also run into another problem—the conferences themselves are arguably “pro-competition,” said antitrust expert Jordan Ludwig, a partner at Crowell & Moring LLP.

“There’s a body of US Supreme Court precedent saying in order for a league or conference to function they have to come together and set rules,” he said. “That’s how you develop a league product.”

The ACC said that it wouldn’t comment on the Florida case beyond its statements in the court briefs, but it said in a statement that it “remains confident that its agreements with all its members will be affirmed by the courts.”

Home-Field Advantage

Home-field advantage in these cases could have a big impact on schools nationwide.

Carfagna, Litchford, and Ludwig agreed the likeliest outcome is that the litigants negotiate a settlement for the universities to buy out of the conference, similar to deals cut by other schools shifting allegiances in recent decades. But if parties stick it out and leave it to courts to decide, where and how the case comes down will send a message.

“If FSU prevails here, other schools that think they have the opportunity to make more money will use that as a precedent to leave a conference,” Ludwig said. If the ACC wins, that could lead to less turmoil among the conferences as the organizations hold sway over members.

But the ACC has a weakness in its armor: it filed its complaint preemptively against FSU in hopes of keeping the litigation in North Carolina, opening itself to attacks that it didn’t have the legal ability to block a breach that hadn’t yet occurred. Now the courts have to decide who gets to litigate in their backyard.

“If cases are centered in the universities’ home towns they’re more likely to get a favorable ruling because the schools are what make these communities tick,” Carfagna said.

The cases are Atl. Coast Conf. v. Bd. of Trustees of Florida State Univ., N.C. Super. Ct., No. 2023CVS40918, hearing held 3/22/24, Florida State Univ. Bd. of Trustees v. Atl. Coast Conf., Fla. Cir. Ct., No. 2023-CA-2860, hearing scheduled 4/9/24, and Clemson Univ. v. Atl. Coast Conf. , S.C. Ct. Com. Pl., No. 2024CP3900322, complaint filed 3/19/24.

To contact the reporter on this story: Alex Ebert in Madison, Wisconsin at [email protected]

To contact the editors responsible for this story: Stephanie Gleason at [email protected] ; Alex Clearfield at [email protected]

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March 2024: Faculty Scholarship & Impact

Etienne Toussaint ( with Gregory S. Parks ) Black Faces in White Spaces: The Rise of the Black Law Review Editor in Chief , LSSE February 13, 2024

Etienne Toussaint Abolitionism as a Question of Citizenship , LPE Blog February 29, 2024

Richland County Reveals Manner of Death of Female Alvin S. Glenn Detainee WIS (ft. Madalyn Wasilczuk ) March 4, 2024

Why Waymo robotaxis won’t be taking passengers to SFO, or on Bay Area freeways, anytime soon San Francisco Chronicle (ft. Bryant Walker Smith ) March 8, 20245

What does the future of driverless taxi service in Los Angeles look like? It’s already here LA Times (ft. Bryant Walker Smith ) March 8, 2024

Next Autopilot trial to test Tesla's blame-the-driver defense Reuters (ft. Bryant Walker Smith ) March 11, 2024

The Technology “Handoff” May Mean Legal Trouble For Tesla Clean Technica (ft. Bryant Walker Smith ) March 13, 2024

'Huge swaths' of SC wetlands now vulnerable due to weakened federal protections Post & Courier (ft. Josh Eagle ) March 13, 2024

Policy expert advises against embracing charter schools in search for education solutions Sentinel Express (ft. Derek Black ) March 14, 2024

Tesla’s Autopilot lands it in legal trouble in US Politico Pro (ft. Bryant Walker Smith ) March 18, 2024

What led up to tragic West Portal crash? Here’s what S.F. police know — and what’s being investigated San Francisco Chronicle (ft. Bryant Walker Smith ) March 20, 2024

Why are Americans fighting over no-fault divorce? Maybe they can't agree what marriage is for The Conversation ( Marcia Zug ) March 21, 2024

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Scott Bauries & Derek Black Fifty Years Later: Dick Riley's Standing Impact on the S.C. Constitution (Co-Moderators) CLE & Symposium March 1, 2024

Madalyn Wasilczuk Data: Causes of Death Categorization (Discussant) Carceral Death Data Collective Conference, Loyola New Orleans School of Law March 1, 2024

Aparna Polavarapu Human Rights, Human Duties: Making a Rights-Based Case for Community-Based Restorative Justice 2024 Symposium on Restorative Justice at William & Mary Law School March 1, 2024

Meghan E. Brooks Presuming Enough? Keeping the PACT Act's Promise  Faculty Exchange Workshop at Georgia State University College of Law  March 4, 2024

Kevin Brown Caste Analogy Remix: The Benefits for the Black Community from Comparing their Liberation Struggle to that of Dalits in India Presentation to the Indiana University Maurer Law School faculty March 6, 2024

Bryant Walker Smith A Discussion of NetChoice with Alan Gura and Bryant Walker Smith The Federalist Society - Columbia Chapter March 7, 2024

Kevin Brown Critical Race Theory Explained "Defend Democracy Demand Diversity Defeat Poverty" Diversity & Inclusion Symposium March 14, 2024

Aleksandra Chauhan Juvenile Defense 101: Fundamentals of Juvenile Defense South Carolina Commission on Indigent Defense March 15, 2024

William Hubbard Democracy at Risk: Can Understanding Our Past Protect Our Future? (moderator) American Bar Association March 16, 2024

Aleksandra Chauhan "What to do with children who are subjected to human trafficking in a court setting" - Specialty Court Human Trafficking: From Prosecution to Survivor Support Symposium (presented by the Human Trafficking Institute) March 18, 2024

Bryant Walker Smith Expert Presentation UN's Global Forum for Road Traffic Safety March 18-22, 2024

William Hubbard Democracy at Risk: Can Understanding Our Past Protect Our Future? William Hubbard Conference on Law & Education Webinar March 19, 2024

Kevin Brown Critical Race Theory Explained University of San Diego School of Law March 21, 2024

Elizabeth Chambliss 3rd Annual Access to Justice Research Roundtable Arizona State University School of Social and Family Dynamics March 22-23, 2024

Elizabeth Chambliss The Making of Lawyers’ Careers: Authors & Readers (Reader) William Hubbard Conference on Law & Education, Stanford Law School March 25, 2024

William Hubbard Upholding the Rule of Law: The Special Responsibility of Lawyers William Hubbard Conference on Law & Education, Stanford Law School March 25-26, 2024

Etienne Toussaint The Duty to Protect Food Sovereignty Washington and Lee University School of Law's Faculty Scholarship Colloquium March 25, 2024

Scholarship

Jaclyn Cherry Chapter Four, Tax-Exempt Law: Internal Revenue Code §§ 501(c)(7), (3), (2), (4),   The Law of Fraternities and Sororities  (Carolina Academic Press), March/April 2024. 

Aleksandra Chauhan Senate Bill 266 on the South Carolina law and statistics on status offenders Senate Judiciary Subcomittee March 20, 2024

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The Oxford Handbook of American Sports Law

Michael A. McCann is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Professor of Law and Director of the Sports and Entertainment Law Institute at the University of New Hampshire.

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The Oxford Handbook of American Sports Law explores the growing field of sports law in the United States. Through thirty articles by leading scholars, this book explains the essential components of sports law in the twenty-first century. Each article addresses a distinct sports law topic and informs the reader of critical interpretations, theories and practical applications. Legal topics covered in the book span the spectrum of those found in the sports world. They include traditional themes, such as labor and antitrust controversies in professional sports leagues, and contemporary ones, such as whether college athletes ought to be paid and how emerging technologies require rethinking of long-standing sports law conventions.

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4 Men Charged in Moscow Terror Attack That Killed at Least 137 People. Here’s What to Know

A Russian court charged four men with terrorism on Monday after an attack on a Russian concert hall on Friday night killed at least 137 people , making it the deadliest terror attack in the country in two decades.

Over 100 people remained in hospital, some of them in a serious condition. Islamic State has claimed responsibility for the attack.

Three of the four suspects—Dalerjon Mirzoev, Saidakrami Rachabalizoda, Muhammadsobir Fayzov, and Shamsidin Fariduni—pleaded guilty to all charges, according to Moscow courts’ official Telegram channel. The men are citizens of Tajikistan and will be placed in pre-trial detention facilities until May 22, according to Russian courts.

After unverified videos of their interrogations circulated on social media, courtroom images published by Russian media showed one suspect brought in by wheelchair with a missing eye, another with a bandage where his right ear should be, another with a black eye, and a fourth with a swollen face, Reuters reported .

Here is what to know about the attack. 

Who is responsible for the Moscow attack?

A U.S. official who spoke to the Washington Post on condition of anonymity said there was “no reason to doubt” Islamic State’s claim of responsibility for the attack. While Islamic State has not said which of its branches is responsible, U.S. officials believe ISIS-K, a branch based in the Khorasan Province of South-Central Asia and is active in Russia, is behind the attack.

Islamic State has claimed responsibility for previous attacks on Russian civilians, including the bombing of a commercial airplane flying from Sharm-el-Sheikh, Egypt to St. Petersburg in 2015 that killed 224 people. 

How has Russia responded?

The attack came just days after Russian President Vladimir Putin declared victory in the country’s presidential election, which was called “preordained ” by the Associated Press.

Putin vowed to punish those responsible. 

“The criminals in cold blood, purposefully went to kill and shoot at point-blank range our citizens and our children, as the Nazis did who committed massacres in the occupied territories. They planned to stage a demonstrative execution, a bloody act of intimidation,” he said in a televised speech after the attack. “All perpetrators, organizers, and sponsors of this crime will be fairly and unavoidably punished, whoever they are or whoever directs them.”

Putin did not refer to the Islamic State in his public address following the attack and said the accused were “moving toward Ukraine” before being caught and that “a window was prepared for them from the Ukrainian side to cross the state border.”

Ukraine has strongly denied any involvement in the attack. “Ukraine certainly has nothing to do with the shooting/explosions in the Crocus City Hall (Moscow Region, Russia). It makes no sense whatsoever,” wrote Mykhailo Podolyak, an adviser to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, on X shortly after the attack .

Russia held a day of mourning on Sunday with a memorial outside the concert hall. 

Multiple Russian lawmakers have called for reinstating the death penalty in the country for the attackers. A moratorium on the death penalty was established by former President Boris Yeltsin in 1996, and Russia has not carried out executions since then.

Missed warnings from the U.S.

Earlier this month, the U.S. government issued an advisory to American citizens in Russia warning of a planned terror attack in Moscow that would target large gatherings like concerts. The warning was based on intelligence suggesting that ISIS-K was engaging in activity inside Russia. The U.S. shared this information with the Russian government as part of its “duty to warn” policy, National Security Council spokeswoman Adrienne Watson said in a statement on X .

The Kremlin dismissed the warnings as American propaganda and said that they were an attempt to meddle in the Russian election, according to the BBC . 

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Cleveland councilman puts Browns on notice about ‘Art Modell law’ amid stadium negotiations

C LEVELAND, Ohio — A member of Cleveland City Council is putting Browns owners Jimmy and Dee Haslam on notice about the “ Art Modell law ” amid discussions about the team possibly moving outside the city.

On Monday, Councilman Brian Kazy held a press conference that may help put the brakes on the Browns’ recently publicized plans to potentially move the stadium to Brook Park .

During the press conference, Kazy cited a state law passed after former Cleveland Browns owner Art Modell moved the team to Baltimore in 1996 , which throws up roadblocks for team owners who intend to move out of their home city.

Kazy said Monday he plans to introduce city legislation that would direct the Cleveland law director to enforce Section 9.67 of Ohio Revised Code.

The so-called “Art Modell law” blocks professional sports teams that receive taxpayer support from playing most of their home games at places other than their home stadium unless either one of two things happens:

One, the mayor and City Council willingly sign off on the move. Or two, the team provides six months’ notice they intend to move, and then gives the city or people who reside in the area a chance to buy the team.

“What this does is ensure the Cleveland Browns have to go through the legal process to move the team, whether it’s to Timbuktu or to Brook Park,” Kazy said during the news conference.

If they pursue Brook Park option, the Haslams may find themselves on the opposite side of the Art Modell law than they were several years ago, when the law and the Haslams were credited with helping keep the Columbus Crew in Ohio , following the professional soccer team’s once-proposed move to Texas, cleveland.com reported previously.

The Columbus Crew situation was the only time the Art Modell law has ever been invoked. Then-Ohio Attorney General Mike DeWine filed a lawsuit in 2018 in an attempt to enforce it.

That case was eventually settled when the Haslams stepped in with other investors to purchase the Crew.

But during that court case , Precourt Sports Ventures, LLC tried to argue the law is unconstitutional. They asked a Franklin County judge to dismiss the case, but he denied their request, saying the defendants had not successfully argued the law was unconstitutional.

Though Kazy was the only councilmember to speak during Monday’s press conference, several other members including President Blaine Griffin, Mike Polensek, Kris Harsh, Kevin Conwell, Joseph Jones and Kevin Bishop, were also present.

Kazy’s legislation would provide an opportunity for City Council to publicly ask the Browns questions about their stadium plans. During committee hearings, it’s common to hear from experts or stakeholders about their take on proposed legislation.

With the Browns’ lease on the city-owned stadium ending in 2028 , the Haslams have increased leverage to seek publicly-funded repairs and upgrades to the existing stadium on Cleveland’s downtown lakefront.

But the Haslams are now floating two potential ideas for the future stadium: renovate the current facility in Cleveland, or build a new one in Brook Park. They have pegged the price tag for renovations at the current stadium at $1 billion, and they say it would cost $2 billion to build a new domed stadium in Brook Park.

If the tactic sounds familiar to long-time Browns fans, it’s because it is. In the early ‘70s, when lease negotiations were unfolding, Modell purchased 190 acres of land in Strongsville and talked publicly about possibly moving the stadium out of the city limits. While Modell initially chose to stay in Cleveland, he eventually moved the team to Baltimore in 1996.

After council’s press conference, member Kevin Conwell told cleveland.com he considers the Browns Stadium to be an “economic engine” and a “stimulus package” for the city’s economy. He said losing the stadium would cause hardship for the many businesses that rely on it for customers.

“We got to fight to keep it,” Conwell said of the Browns stadium.

However, Conwell said he is “skittish” about the prospect of investing at least hundreds of millions of dollars in a stadium when some areas of the city suffer from severe poverty.

“We have kids going to school just to get a meal. We have homes with two or three families living there,” Conwell said. “We have to figure out how to balance and how to take care of the people of the city too.”

©2024 Advance Local Media LLC. Visit cleveland.com. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

SPORTS AND THE LAW

Jan 22, 2013

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Sports betting won’t be legal in Georgia after lawmakers couldn’t agree on how to spend taxes

NCAA basketball tournament brackets are displayed on video screens at the Golden Nugget casino in Atlantic City N.J. on Wednesday, March 21, 2024. The American Gaming Association estimates Americans will wager $2.72 billion with legal outlets this year. (AP Photo/Wayne Parry)

Georgia state Rep. Marcus Wiedower, R-Watkinsville, speaks about a bill and state constitutional amendment that would authorize sports betting on Thursday, March 28, 2024 at the Georgia Capitol in Atlanta (AP Photo/Jeff Amy)

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ATLANTA (AP) — An effort to authorize sports betting in Georgia has failed for another year, after lawmakers couldn’t agree on how to spend money collected on taxes.

Neither a proposed state constitutional amendment or authorizing legislation ever came to a vote in the House, after a committee passed it out early on Thursday, the last day of the 2024 legislative session.

A top Democrat said his party wanted to see changes in how state taxes on sports betting would be spent. Without Democratic votes, a constitutional amendment couldn’t achieve the two-thirds majorities needs to pass the House and Senate. And Republicans were far from unified. Some GOP lawmakers oppose sports betting, saying they don’t want the state to sanction destructive and addictive behavior.

House Minority Whip Sam Park, a Lawrenceville Democrat, voted to advance Senate Resolution 579 and Senate Bill 386 , but said he and other Democrats don’t support the bills passing as they’re currently written. That’s because the House committee changed the measure to allow taxes to be deposited for the use of HOPE college scholarships and pre-K classes.

The Senate measure prioritized using the money for pre-K, and some Democrats also wanted money to be used for other purposes, such as college financial aid that doesn’t require students to achieve and keep certain grades.

“It deviates from the bipartisan compromise in the state Senate that prioritized funding for voluntary pre-K,” Park said.”

Supporters said Georgians should get a chance to vote , arguing many are already betting on sports illegally.

“This allows us to get those people off an illegal market into a legal market, allows us to regulate it and tax it, and take care and protect Georgia citizens,” said Rep. Marcus Wiedower, a Watkinsville Republican sponsoring the measure in the House.

Opponents, though, warned that legalizing sports betting will provide a pathway to addiction, especially for younger gamblers.

“When it is sanctioned by the state, to me it provides a different level,” said Rep. Clay Pirkle, an Ashburn Republican. “If the state says it’s OK, it becomes OK for a lot of people not doing this now.”

Sen. Bill Cowsert, the Athens Republican who has been leading efforts in that chamber, said he believed the constitutional amendment, which would provide up to $22.5 million to treat gambling addiction, would provide “the most robust problem gaming provisions of any sports betting legislation in this country.”

Nationwide, 38 states allow sports betting. Some states allow only in-person bets, although most allow electronic betting from anywhere. Georgia’s earlier bill would take 20% of proceeds in taxes, after winnings are paid to gamblers. Nationwide, tax rates are set at anywhere from 6.75% in Iowa to 51% in Rhode Island and New York.

Sports | Former Detroit Lions defensive back Cameron…

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Sports | Former Detroit Lions defensive back Cameron Sutton turns himself in after weeks of evading law enforcement

TAMPA, Fla. — Cameron Sutton has turned himself in, ending a weekslong search for the former NFL defensive back who was wanted on a domestic violence warrant.

The Hillsborough County Sheriff’s Office announced the 29-year-old Sutton arrived at a jail in Tampa, Florida, on Sunday night, nearly a week after it said his attorney informed authorities that the former Detroit Lions and Pittsburgh Steelers standout would turn himself in.

“After weeks of evading law enforcement, this man has finally made the right choice to turn himself in,” Hillsborough County Sheriff Chad Chronister said. “Domestic violence has no place in our community, and no one is above the law here in Hillsborough County. My thoughts are with this woman as she continues to heal from this man’s gruesome actions.”

Sutton’s initial arrest warrant charged him with a felony, but prosecutors said Monday he was being formally charged with misdemeanor battery, which carries a maximum one-year jail sentence. Sutton was released from jail Monday on his own recognizance, the state attorney’s office said.

The sheriff’s department responded to a call about domestic violence in progress involving Sutton and a woman at about 5 a.m. on March 7. Nearly two weeks ago, the sheriff’s office asked for help in finding Sutton.

Soon thereafter, Lions President Rod Wood said Sutton had been at the team’s training facility just outside of Detroit.

“We learned about the warrant at the same time everybody else did on social media,” Wood told WJBK-TV on March 25. “We were able to speak to Cam because he was actually in our building. We found him. He was down with our strength staff. He kind of showed up unexpectedly to work out.”

The Lions released Sutton on March 21 after news of the warrant surfaced.

The Lions signed Sutton a year ago to a three-year, $33 million contract. He helped the franchise win a division title for the first time in three decades along with two playoff games in one postseason for the first time since 1957.

He started all 17 regular-season games, making a career-high 65 tackles and one interception, and each of the three playoff games.

Sutton started 31 games for the Steelers during the 2021 and ’22 seasons with five interceptions and 95 tackles. The Steelers drafted the former Tennessee star, who is from Jonesboro, Georgia, in the third round in 2017. He has nine interceptions in 101 career games.

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Scene of Idaho student slayings was 'somber' as police grappled with public response

Police arrived at the rental house in Moscow, Idaho, where four University of Idaho students had been fatally stabbed hours prior in their bedrooms , to find friends and neighbors gathered outside.

They were crying, and some of the younger officers who had never handled such a violent crime scene faced an emotionally draining task.

“The scene wasn’t chaos,” Moscow police Capt. Roger Lanier recalled in a video posted Tuesday by the department, reflecting on the case a month after the Nov. 13 slayings, which remain unsolved. The neighborhood was “very, very somber.”

The small police force scrambled for an “all hands on deck” response, which Lanier said included calling the Idaho State Police for help to process the scene. But the lack of a suspect and concerns over an ongoing threat to the community only amplified public attention on the case and a growing demand for safety assurances from law enforcement.

Behind the scenes, city officials grappled with how to manage the surge of media coverage in their rural city of about 26,000 residents, where the last homicide had been seven years earlier.

On the morning of Nov. 16, three days after the killings, Moscow Mayor Art Bettge emailed the Police Chief James Fry to ask him to respond to reporters, even if it was with a “no comment at this time.”

“I fear the lack of direct communication is proving to be a problem in reassuring the public and keeping the media from blowing this story up through rumor and supposition,” Bettge wrote, according to copies of emails provided by the city in response to a public records request.

Fry told Bettge he had asked the Idaho State Police for help responding to media inquiries so that “hopefully it goes smoother in the near future.” Moscow police have since set up a “communications team” to handle reporters’ inquiries that includes a state police spokesman.

Bettge’s concern came as the local police faced mounting questions over their messaging .

In the days immediately following the killings, police said the attacks were targeted and that there was no threat to the public despite the assailant still being on the loose.

Then, during a news conference on Nov. 16, which had been planned before Bettge emailed Fry, the police chief said, “We cannot say there is no threat to the community.” Since then, police have said the killer’s target could have been the victims or the house itself.

Haadiya Tariq, a senior at the University of Idaho and editor in chief of the school newspaper, The Argonaut, was critical of authorities’ initial response, telling NBC News last month that she was frustrated by mixed messaging and a lack of information.

In the weeks since then, said Tariq, 21, the department had improved its communication. If she leaves a voicemail seeking comment, she actually gets a call back, she said. And people can now sign up for news alerts and access information through venues beyond what appeared to be the department’s favored platform, Facebook, she said.

But she doesn’t think those improvements will do much to change people’s perceptions.

“They really messed up from the get-go,” Tariq said. “So the rest of the communications or whatever they’re doing with the investigation — it’s been tainted. Even if they’ve improved, people aren’t going to see that.”

A lack of answers as to who would have killed the four victims — friends Madison Mogen, 21; Kaylee Goncalves, 21; and Xana Kernodle, 20; and Ethan Chapin, 20, Kernodle’s boyfriend — has left a community on edge. The weapon used, believed to be a large knife , has not been recovered.

Some University of Idaho students chose to leave campus early before the Thanksgiving break and finish the semester virtually, while family members of some of the victims have criticized police for not releasing more information about what they know.

The police say they are combating an onslaught of rumors on social media and unfounded claims surrounding the case, and that they cannot release specific information in order “to protect the investigation’s integrity.”

Lanier on Tuesday said investigators, including dozens of FBI agents across the country, are continuing to prioritize and sort through tips from the public.

“This investigation is not cold,” he said in the department video. “We get tips every day that are viable.”

While a lack of information about the killer has caused anxiety, public officials are asking for patience. Rep. Brandon Mitchell, a Republican who represents Moscow in the Idaho State Legislature, said he tells constituents to have faith in the police and avoid being speculative.

“It brings a lot of comfort to our area knowing they’re working so hard on it,” Mitchell said of law enforcement. “It’s such a horrific thing that’s happened, but I know we’re a strong community and know we’ll be able to pull through it. Once this is all closed and behind us, I think it will be a quick recovery for us because we are so together.”

The emails obtained by NBC News also show how city officials have tried to support one another and maintain morale as they weather the crisis.

City officials, including members of the Moscow City Council, praised Fry after his Nov. 16 news conference.

“I know there are no clear answers right now, but I do think it helps to communicate as much as we can. I appreciate the work you are doing in these incredibly difficult times,” Council Member Julia Parker wrote the chief.

Weeks later, on Dec. 5, Fry emailed all police department personnel to thank them for their work and cc’d the council.

Council Member Sandra Kelly responded : “Proud of you — all of you.”

A few days later, City Supervisor Bill Belknap sent an email to city staffers praising their work on the annual holiday parade. People were invited to write messages and place yellow roses around a large tree in honor of Mogen, Goncalves, Kernodle and Chapin.

“The community has carried such a heavy burden over the last several weeks and the parade provided the opportunity for the community to come together, recognize the recent tragic events, and celebrate the season together in healing,” Belknap wrote.

Council Member Maureen Laflin responded that the event was “exactly what our town needed.”

“It helped to remind us who we are and what makes Moscow home,” she said.

Jon Schuppe is an enterprise reporter for NBC News, based in New York. 

Erik Ortiz is a senior reporter for NBC News Digital focusing on racial injustice and social inequality.

Tim Stelloh is a breaking news reporter for NBC News Digital.

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Kylie Kelce raves about brother-in-law Travis’ ‘amazing’ romance with Taylor Swift

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Kylie Kelce is a Swiftie through and through.

Jason Kelce’s wife raved about her brother-in-law, Travis Kelce, and his relationship with Taylor Swift.

“Ultimately, if Travis is happy, we’re happy,” Kylie, 32, told Hoda Kotb and Savannah Guthrie on Monday’s episode of the “Today” show after being asked about the Kansas City Chiefs tight end’s relationship with the singer.

The WAG, who shares three young children  — Wyatt, 4, Elliotte, 3, and Bennett, 1 — with the retired Philadelphia Eagles center , added that she and her family are “always cheering on Uncle Trav.”

“It’s such a treat to be able to do that on and off the field, but it’s been amazing,” she said about watching their romance “close up.”

Swift, 34, has conquered sports headlines since debuting her relationship with Travis , also 34, last September.

Kylie did note that she is not used to the spotlight thrust upon her amid Travis’ high-profile relationship with the pop star.

“It’s interesting. I am trying to take it in stride and just make sure that as people are talking about me, it’s about important things,” she said of her newfound fame. “The Eagles Foundation is the perfect example.”

Kylie is extremely involved in the non-profit benefitting those affected by autism through research and advocacy.

She and Jason, 36, have been spotted bonding with the “Cruel Summer” singer on numerous occasions.

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The couple have spent time with Swift in the VIP box at several Chiefs games throughout the NFL season, ending with Travis’ third Super Bowl win and Jason announcing his retirement from the sport.

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Kylie has shown her support for her husband stepping back from his football career to focus on family time and other endeavors after playing for 13 seasons with the Eagles.

“Your accolade studded 13 year career is a direct result of your hard work, determination, and resilience,” Kylie wrote on Instagram alongside an old photo  of her and the athlete after the Eagles won the 2018 Super Bowl.

“I am immensely proud to be your wife and can’t wait to see what you do next.”

She even offered some insight into what direction the “New Heights” co-host will go now that he’s done with football.

“I think nothing is off the table at this point,” she said when Kotb asked if Jason would be interested in pursuing a sports commentator path. “He’s my husband so I’m biased but I think he’s so good at everything he tries. It’s kind of a pain in the butt.”

She added, “He’s an ideas guy so I think he’s sort of letting them brew and [will] see what happens.”

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South Carolina's Kamilla Cardoso declares for 2024 WNBA draft

South Carolina  star Kamilla Cardoso is declaring for the 2024 WNBA draft, she announced Monday on social media.

Cardoso, a potential lottery pick, is currently projected by ESPN's Michael Voepel to be selected fourth overall by the Los Angeles Sparks .

"Thank you to everyone who has been a part of my journey so far," Cardoso wrote in her Instagram post . "I am excited for what the future holds and can't wait to see where this next chapter takes me."

Cardoso, a 6-foot-7 center from Brazil, spent the past three seasons at South Carolina after beginning her collegiate career at Syracuse . She only this year became a full-time starter for the Gamecocks following the graduation of Aliyah Boston , the No. 1 pick in the 2023 draft.

Cardoso leads undefeated South Carolina (36-0) in scoring (14.1 points per game), rebounding (9.4) and blocks (2.5) while averaging just 25.0 minutes.

She is one of two seniors in South Carolina's rotation, which features a host of freshmen, sophomores and juniors. Te-Hina Paopao , a senior transfer from Oregon  and current starter for the Gamecocks, announced last month that she is returning to Columbia for her final season.

South Carolina, the No. 1 overall seed, faces third-seeded NC State  in the Final Four on Friday.

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