poster presentation cite

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APA Citation Style, 7th Edition: Posters & Conference Sessions

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Citing Conference sessions, Poster abstracts, and Poster presentations

Conference sessions, poster abstracts, and poster presentations follow a significantly different format than other types of APA references.

• The author of the work is always listed first.
• Next, the FULL date of the conference is listed in the date area, so if a conference is held over several days, you need to list the date the conference starts, through the date the conference ends.
• Next add the title of the work and put it in italics, then add (in square brackets), whether it's a [Poster session], a [Poster abstract], or a [Conference session] and then add a period.
• In the source area share 1) the name of the conference or organization - or both (comma), 2) the name of the city or town the conference was held (comma), 3) the abbreviation of the state or the region (depending on the country) (comma), 4) the country the conference was held.
• Lastly share the URL of the WORK (not the conference in general) as a live hyperlink. 

Examples: 

Conference session : .

Hinck, J., Brewington, J., & Harding, K. (2018, September 12-14). Nurse educators - Making a difference in self and others to strengthen networks and partnerships [Conference session]. National League for Nursing, Chicago, IL, United States.  https://tinyurl.com/37bx7uku  

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Hinck, et al., 2018). 

Poster Abstract :

Jackson, C., McCalmont, J., Ward, J. Solanki, E., Seguin, R., & Perry, C. K. (2017, October 10). Mujeres fuertes y corazones saludables: Adaptation of the Strong Women - Healthy Hearts (SWHH) program for rural Latinas using an intervention mapping approach [Poster Abstract]. 2017 Oregon Public Health Association Annual Meeting, Portland, OR, United States.  https://tinyurl.com/y2panrdm  

(Jackson, et al., 2017). 

Poster Presentation :

NOTE: Because the poster presentations of this conference were presented in a journal, there are actually two ways you could cite this particular poster abstract, either way is acceptable in APA .  

Option 1 - Referencing ONLY the poster abstract itself : 

Leckenby, S., & Acklaghi, H. (2017, November 19-23). Is point-of-care troponin enough in decision making process in emergency departments [Poster Presentation]. ACEM ASM 2017 "Impossible is Just a Perspective" Darling Harbour, Sydney, Austalia.   https://tinyurl.com/cpkjbsu5

(Leckenby & Acklaghi, 2017). 

Option 2 - Referencing the poster abstract within the actual journal & supplement that printed the conference abstract : 

Leckenby, S., & Acklaghi, H. (2018). Is point-of-care troponin enough in decision making process in emergency departments [Poster Presentation]. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 30 (S1), 43-44.  https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12962  

Carrie Forbes, MLS

Page References

Citation information has been adapted from the APA Manual (7th Edition). Please refer to page 332-333 of the APA Manual (7th Edition) for more information.

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• A Research Guide
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• Citation Basics

Useful Tips How to Cite a Presentation

How to cite a conference presentation – a short explanation, how to cite a presentation in apa style.

• In-text citations
• Reference List

How to compile a reference list

• The author’s or presenter’s name should be written starting with the surname then the initial of the first name separated by a comma then end with a period. If there is another name, write the first initial of the second name after the first. For example, “Brown, PK.”
• This should be followed by year it was presented or published online. The year should be written in round brackets. If you are not sure of the year, then ignore it and replace with the date you accessed the presentation online. For example, “Brown PK. (2017)”
• State the presentation title. This should be done in italics. After which the format of the presentation should be written in square brackets.
• If you accessed the presentation online, you should include the phrase Retrieved from before adding the website.

How to Cite a Poster Presentation in AMA

How to cite a presentation in mla.

• Use footnotes and endnotes
• Writing the name of the author or presenter
• Add information about the lecture or conference
• Include the digital medium used

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APA Citations (7th ed.)

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Conference Sessions & Presentations

Conference sessions and presentations include:

• Paper presentations
• Poster sessions
• Keynote addresses
• Symposium contributions

Include a label in square brackets after the title that matches how the presentation was described at the conference: include all authors listed as contributing, even if they were not physically present.

The date should match the date(s) of the full conference to help readers find the source, even though a session or presentation is likely to cocur on only one day.

Include the location of the conference to help with retrieval.

Conference proceedings published in a journal or book follow the same format as for a journal article, edited book, or edited book chapter.

Template for Conference Sessions & Presentations

Template for Symposium Contributions

Conference Session

Fistek, A., Jester, E., & Sonnenberg, K. (2017, July 12–15).  Everybody's got a little music in them: Using music therapy to connect, engage, and motivate  [Conference session]. Autism Society National Conference, Milwaukee, WI, United States. https://asa.confex.com/asa/2017/webprogramarchives/Session9517.html

Peters, I. (2019, September 24-26).  What is quality in open science?  [Conference session]. Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association Annual Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark. https://oaspavideos.org/conference/videos-2019

Parenthetical citations:  (Fistek et al., 2017; Peters, 2019)

Narrative citations:  Fistek et al. (2017) and Peters (2019)

Paper Presentation

Maddox, S., Hurling, J., Stewart, E., & Edwards, A. (2016, March 30–April 2).  If mama ain't happy, nobody's happy: The effect of parental depression on mood dysregulation in children  [Paper presentation]. Southeastern Psychological Association 62nd Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, United States.

Rutledge, L., LeMire, S., & Mowdood, A. (2015, March 25–28).  Dare to perform: Using organizational competencies to manage job performance  [Paper presentation]. Association of College & Research Libraries 2015 Annual Conference, Portland, OR, United States. http://www.ala.org/acrl/sites/ala.org.acrl/files/content/conferences/confsandpreconfs/2015/Rutledge_LeMire_Mowdood.pdf

Parenthetical citations:  (Maddox et al., 2016; Rutledge et al., 2015)

Narrative citations:  Maddox et al. (2016) and Rutledge et al. (2015)

Poster Presentation

Craig, S. (2019, April 10–14).  The cultural importance of obsidian in the upper Gila area  [Poster presentation]. Society for American Archaeology, Albuquerque, NM, United States. https://www.archaeologysouthwest.org/free-resources/conference-posters/

Parenthetical citation:  (Craig, 2019)

Narrative citation:  Craig (2019)

Symposium Contribution

De Boer, D., & LaFavor, T. (2018, April 26–29). The art and significance of successfully identifying resilient individuals: A person-focused approach. In A. M. Schmidt & A. Kryvanos (Chairs),  Perspectives on resilience: Conceptualization, measurement, and enhancement  [Symposium]. Western Psychological Association 98th Annual Convention, Portland, OR, United States.

Parenthetical citation:  (De Boer & LaFavor, 2018)

Narrative citation:  De Boer and LaFavor (2018)

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Q. How do I cite a poster presentation using APA style?

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Answered By: Hacherl Research & Writing Studio Last Updated: Apr 27, 2020     Views: 171039

The APA website provides guidance on citing poster presentations here:  https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/conference-presentation-references

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The 11th edition of the AMA Manual of style was created by the American Medical Association for the health, medical and scientific fields. This is a quick visual guide only. You must consult Chapter 3 in the online AMA manual for detailed explanations.

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Presentations

For further information go to ama manual 3.13.9 meeting presentations and other unpublished material..

References to unpublished material may include articles or abstracts that have been presented at a society meeting and published as part of the meeting proceedings or materials.

3.13.9.1 Items Presented at a Meeting.

UPDATE:  Guidance has been added to chapter  3.13.9.1 , Items Presented at a Meeting, to provide an example of how to cite materials from a virtual or hybrid meeting. This addition was made  May 26, 2022 .

Oral or poster presentations follow these formats. Note that example 4 is a virtual meeting. Hybrid meetings can list the location, the meeting URL, both, or neither depending on what information is available and how the author viewed the content.

1.  Pasternak B. Carvedilol vs metoprolol succinate and risk of mortality in patients with heart failure: national cohort study. Paper presented at: European Society of Cardiology Congress; August 31, 2014; Barcelona, Spain.

2.  Minocchieri S, Berry CA, Pillow J. Nebulized surfactant for treatment of respiratory distress in the first hours of life: the CureNeb study. Abstract presented at: Annual Meeting of the Pediatric Academic Society; May 6, 2013; Washington, DC. Session 3500.

3.  Nevidomskyte D, Meissner MH, Tran N, Murray S, Farrokhi E. Influence of gender on abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the community. Poster presented at: Vascular Annual Meeting; June 5-7, 2014; Boston, MA.

4.  McNamee JJ, Gillies MA, Barrett NA, et al; for the REST Investigators. The REST Trial: ultra-low tidal volume ventilation & extracorporeal CO2 removal. Presented at: Critical Care Reviews; October 4, 2021.  https://criticalcarereviews.com/meetings/eccr21

Once these presentations are published, they take the form of reference to a book, journal, or other medium in which they are ultimately published, as in example 5 (see  3.12.1 , References to Books, Complete Data, and  3.11.1 , References to Journal Articles, Complete Data):

4.  Huang G-M, Huang K-Y, Lee T-Y, Tzu-Ya Weng J. An interpretable rule-based diagnostic classification of diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetes patients.  BMC Bioinformatics.  2015;16(suppl 1):S5. Selected articles from the Thirteenth Asia Pacific Bioinformatics Conference (APBC 2015). doi:10.1186/1471-2105-16-S1-S5

In example 4, the entire journal supplement is dedicated to publishing articles from a meeting.

5.  Resnick ML. The effect of affect: decision making in the emotional context of health care. In:  Proceedings of the 2012 Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care: Bridging the Gap . Human Factors and Ergonomics Society; 2012:39-44.

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APA Citation Style, 7th edition: Conferences

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About Citing Sources

For each type of source in this guide, both the general form and an example will be provided.

The following format will be used:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) - entry that appears in the body of your paper when you express the ideas of a researcher or author using your own words.  For more tips on paraphrasing check out The OWL at Purdue .

In-Text Citation (Quotation) - entry that appears in the body of your paper after a direct quote.

References - entry that appears at the end of your paper.

Information on citing and several of the examples were drawn from the APA Manual (7th ed.) .

Conference Sessions, Papers, and Posters

Note: Conference sessions, papers, and posters all follow the same citation style. The only change is in the brackets following the title of the contribution, denoting the format. Use the description provided by the conference, e.g. [Poster presentation], [Key-note address], [Conference session], etc.

General Format

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Presenter Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

References:

Presenter Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month Day-Day). Presentation title [Format]. Conference Name, Location. DOI or URL of website.

Tip: Include the full run of the conference in the date section, not just the day of the presentation.

(Pearson, 2018)

Pearson, J. (2018, September 27-30). Fat talk and its effects on state-based body image in women [Poster presentation]. Australian Psychological Society Congress, Sydney, NSW, Australia. http://bit.ly/2XGSThP 

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Citation Help for APA, 7th Edition: Conference Presentations

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General Example & Explanation

Variations - URLs?

Some URLs may be long and complicated. APA 7th edition allows the use of shorter URLs. Shortened URLs can be created using any URL shortener service; however, if you choose to shorten the URL, you must double-check that the URL is functioning and brings the reader to the correct website. 

Common URL Shortner websites include:

More Information

For more information about URLs, see Section 9.36 on page 300 of APA Manual, 7th edition. 

NOTE:  Check your instructor's preference about using short URLs. Some instructors may want the full URL. 

Variations - DOIs?

Some DOIs may be long and complicated. APA 7th edition allows the use of shorter DOI numbers. Shortened DOIs can be located at the International DOI Foundations, shortDOI Service . 

More Information:

For more information about DOIs, see Section 9.36 on page 300 of APA Manual, 7th edition. 

NOTE: Check your instructor's preference for using short DOIs. Some instructors may want the full DOI. 

Variations - Live Hyperlinks?

Should my urls be live.

It depends. When adding URLs to a paper or other work, first, be sure to include the full hyperlink. This includes the http:// or the https://. Additionally, consider where and how the paper or work will be published or read. If the work will only be read in print or as a Word doc or Google Doc, then the URLs should not be live (i.e., they are not blue or underlined). However, if the work will be published or read online, then APA advises to include live URLs. This would allow the reader to click on a link and go to the source.   

For more information, see Section 9.35 on pages 299-300 of the APA Manual, 7th edition. 

NOTE: Check your instructor's preference about using live URLs. Some instructors may not want you to use live URLs. 

Conference Presentation

Conference sessions and presentations include conference sessions, paper presentations, poster presentations, keynote addresses, and symposium contributions. In brackets after the title, disclose the presentation type as described by the conference. 

For more information about conference sessions and presentations, see Section 10.5 on page 332 of the APA Manual, 7th ed. 

Reeve, D., Rottmann, C., & Sacks, R. (2015, June 14-15). The ebb and flow of engineering leadership orientations [Conference session].

2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings, Seattle, WA, United States. https://doi.org/10.18260/p.24857

Presenters: Reeve, D., Roffmann, C., & Sacks, R. 

Begin the reference with the presenter's last name. Add a comma after the presenter's last name. Then, add the presenter's first and middle name represented by initials. Add a period after each initial. If the presenter provides a middle name, be sure to add a space between the first and middle initial. If there are additional presenters, add a comma after the middle initials, and proceed to add the other presenters using the same format as described. Add additional presenters in the exact order they are listed in the conference session. Do not change the order of the presenters. Before the last presenter, add an ampersand (&).   

Date(s) of Conference: (2015, June 14-17). 

Next, add the date of the conference. In parentheses, add the year, followed by a comma and the month, followed by the day. If the conference took place over multiple days, list the full date range of the conference with a hyphen between the days. Add a period after the parentheses.  

Title of the Conference Session: The ebb and flow of engineering leadership orientations [Conference session]. 

Next, add the title and subtitle of the conference session. The title and subtitle are separated by a colon. Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle as well as proper nouns. Italicize the title. After the title, in brackets, add a description of the contribution (i.e., conference session, poster presentation, keynote address, etc.). Be sure to use the description that the conference uses. Add a period after the brackets.   

Source Information:  2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings, Seattle, WA, United States. https://doi.org/10.18260/p.24857

Complete the reference with the conference location and the DOI or URL. Add the full title of the conference followed by a comma. Then, add the city, state abbreviation, and country where the conference took place. Finally, add the DOI in the form of https://doi.org OR add the URL to the conference paper. Do not add a period after the DOI or the URL.

For more information and examples, see pages 332-333 of the APA Manual, 7th edition. 

Parenthetical Citation Example:

(Reeve et al., 2015)

Narrative Citation Example:

Reeve et al. (2015) explained .....

If a source has 3 or more authors, list the first author followed by et al. Follow this format even when using the source for the first time in the paper. For more information about author format within parenthetical and narrative citations, see Section 8.17 and Table 8.1 on page 266 of the APA Manual, 7th edition. 

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Scholarly Publication and Posters

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What and how to cite

Citing your poster in your cv.

When doing research, you are often building on the work of others and will sometimes take an idea, fact or quotation from someone else's work such as a book or article. If you are including such ideas/facts/quotations on your poster, you must cite your sources to give credit to other researchers and writers and so others can trace your research or retrieve the source material. The same is true for other kinds of sources such as pictures or other graphics that may be incorporated into the design of your poster.

If you have a handout to accompany your poster, you may list your references on that. If not, you should list them in small type at the bottom of the poster.

Different meeting sponsors/organizations may have differing styles for formatting citations. Use the style required in the abstract/poster guidelines or your research advisor

• Citation Management Visit the Citation Management Guide for more information on how to cite in APA, AMA, etc. style and how to manage citations.

Posters presented at meetings include both items that were only presented in this way or those which were followed by a publication. If you do follow a poster with a publication, cite that subsequent work on your CV rather than the meeting poster.

Regardless of the style you follow, elements for the citation will be the same: Author name(s), title of the poster, title of the conference/meeting, date, location. The conference may also have a descriptive "name" as well as a title.

In APA Style

Contributor, A. A., Contributor, B. B., Contributor, C. C., & Contributor, D. D. (Year, Month Day).  Title of contribution  [Description of contribution]. Title of Symposium/Conference, Location. URL (optional)

Matson, E. (2018, November 5).  Drones and autonomous vehicles: The latest new technology to come with potential threat  [Poster presentation]. Dawn or Doom 2018 Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.

Pearson, J. (2018, September 27-30).  Fat talk and its effects on state-based body image in women  [Poster presentation]. Australian Psychological Society Congress, Sydney, NSW, Australia. http://bit.ly/2XGSThP 

[ Purdue OWL ]

In AMA Style

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Title of poster. Poster presented at: Name of conference; Month, Day Year; City, State abbreviation.

Smyth ME, Caurdy-Bess L. Legal aid for children: a medical-legal partnership supported by CATCH funding. Poster presented at: 2010 Medical-Legal Partnership Summit; March, 2010; Arlington, VA.

Pasternak B. Carvedilol vs metoprolol succinate and risk of mortality in patients with heart failure: national cohort study. Paper presented at: European Society of Cardiology Congress; August 31, 2014; Barcelona, Spain.

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APA 7th Edition - University of Lincoln

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Conference sessions include paper presentations, poster sessions, keynote addresses, etc. Use square brackets after the title to describe the type of conference session - e.g. [Poster presentation].

To help readers retrieve the source, include the date for the whole conference and its location. 

Conference proceedings that are published in a journal or book follow the same format as for a journal article , edited book or chapter in an edited book .

See also the guidance on the APA's Style website at: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/conference-presentation-references And https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/conference-proceeding-references

Conference session

Parenthetical citation

(Fergus et al., 2008)  

Narrative citation

Fergus et al. (2008)

Reference List   

Fergus, P., Abdulaimma, B., Carter, C., & Round, S. (2014, January 10-13).  Interactive mobile technology for children

        with autism spectrum condition  [Conference session]. Consumer Communications and Networking Conference,

        Las Vegas, NV, United States.  http://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC.2014.6866647    

1.Presenter(s)’ surname(s), comma, followed by their initial(s) with a full stop after each initial (and comma if more than one presenter) 

2. Date of conference in the format of year, month and dates in round brackets followed by a full stop 

3. Title of the conference paper (and subtitle if applicable) in italics, type of contribution in square brackets, followed by a full stop  

4. Conference name and location followed by a full stop. 

5. DOI or URL (if there is one) 

Conference paper presentation

Parenthetical citation 

(Coleman & Oliveros, 2019)

Coleman and Oliveros (2019)

Reference list 

Coleman, A., & Oliveros, A. (2019, March 20–23). Using humor to cope predicts higher emotional and 

       behavioral dysfunction  [Paper presentation]. Southeastern Psychological Association 65th Annual Meeting,

       Jacksonville, FL, United States. 

Format: 

Presenter(s)’ surname(s), Initial(s). (Year, month dates of conference).  Title of conference paper  [Paper

     presentation]. Conference name, location. DOI or URL (if there is one)

Conference paper published in book form

This follows the format of a chapter in an edited book. 

Parenthetical citation  

(Taylor & Lindsay, 2006)  

Taylor and Lindsay (2006)

Reference list  

Taylor, J. L., & Lindsay, W. R. (2006). Developments in the treatment and management of offenders with intellectual disabilities.

       In L. Falshaw & L. Rayment (Eds.),  Division of forensic psychology conference 2006: Invited symposiums  (pp. 23-31).

       British Psychological Society.  

Format:  

Author Surname(s), Initial(s). (Year). Title of paper. In Editor Initial(s). Surname (Ed.(s.),  Conference Title: Subtitle  (page range).

       Publisher. DOI (if there is one)

Conference poster presentations

Parenthetical citation  

(Fothergill & Bromnick, 2016) 

Fothergill and Bromnick (2016)

Fothergill, R. & Bromnick, R. (2016, April 26-28). Intentions to work with older adults: a critical exploration of psychology

       students’ motivations and ambition  [Poster presentation]. British Psychological Society Annual Conference, 

       Nottingham.  http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/id/eprint/24576/   

Presenter Surname, Initial(s). (Year, Month, dates of conference).  Title of poster  [Poster presentation]. Conference

       name, location. DOI or URL (if there is one)

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Contributor Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month of presentation). Title of contribution. In First Initial. Second Initial. Chairperson Surname (Chair), Title of conference. Conference conducted at the meeting of Organization Name, Location.

Paper Presentation or Poster Session

Presenter Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month). Title of paper or poster session. Paper presented at the meeting of Organization Name, Location.

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Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition.

Chapter 12 papers and poster sessions presented at meetings.

Created: October 10, 2007 ; Last Update: August 5, 2020 .

• Sample Citation and Introduction
• Citation Rules with Examples

Chapter 3 Conference Publications

• Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings

The general format for a reference to an unpublished conference paper or poster session, including punctuation:

- for a paper:

- for a poster session:

• Examples of Citations to Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings

Papers and poster sessions presented at meetings include both items that were presented but never published and items for which any subsequent publication is unknown. If subsequent publication is known, cite the published form rather than the meeting paper or poster session.

Begin the reference with information on the author(s) and title of the paper or poster session; use the same format as that used for conference papers. See Chapter 3 Conference Publications for details. Use the phrases "Paper presented at:" and "Poster session presented at:" to connect author and title information with meeting information.

Although author affiliation is an optional part of a citation, including it in references to unpublished papers and poster sessions is very helpful to the reader because compilations of papers and poster sessions can be difficult to locate.

Examples provided in this chapter are primarily from material distributed at various conferences. No attempt was made to ascertain whether or not subsequent publication occurred, as would normally be done before citation.

Continue to Citation Rules with Examples for Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings .

Continue to Examples of Citations to Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings .

• Citation Rules with Examples for Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings

Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R after the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after the name means it is optional.

Author (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title (R) | Connective Phrase (R) | Conference Proceedings (R) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

Author of Paper or Poster Presented (required)

General rules for author.

• List names in the order they appear in the text
• Enter surname (family or last name) first for each author
• Capitalize surnames and enter spaces within surnames as they appear in the document cited on the assumption that the author approved the form used. For example: Van Der Horn or van der Horn; De Wolf or de Wolf or DeWolf.
• Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials, for a maximum of two initials following each surname
• Give all authors, regardless of the number
• Separate author names from each other by a comma and a space
• End author information with a period

Specific Rules for Author

• Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them
• Other surname rules
• Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle
• Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name
• Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III
• Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese)
• Options for author names

Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them.

Other surname rules.

Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle.

Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name.

Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III.

Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese).

Options for author names.

Examples for Author

1. standard paper presented with a separate name for the conference, 2. standard paper presented without a separate name for the conference, 3. standard poster presented with a separate name for the conference, 4. standard poster presented without a separate name for the conference, 5. paper/poster author with optional full name, 6. paper/poster with optional limit to the first six authors, 7. paper/poster author with designation of rank within a family, 8. paper/poster author with a prefix or particle in the surname, 9. paper/poster author with compound surname, 10. paper/poster with both a person and an organization as author, author affiliation for paper or poster presented (optional), general rules for author affiliation.

• Enter the affiliation of all authors or only the first author
• Begin with the department and name of the institution, followed by city and state/Canadian province/country
• Use commas to separate parts of the affiliation
• Place the address in parentheses, such as (Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA)
• Separate the affiliation from its author by a space
• Follow the affiliation with a comma placed outside the closing parenthesis, unless it is the affiliation of the last author, then use a period

Specific Rules for Author Affiliation

• Abbreviations in affiliations
• E-mail address included
• Organizational names for affiliations not in English
• Names for cities and countries not in English

Abbreviations in affiliations.

E-mail address included.

Organizational names for affiliations not in English.

Names for cities and countries not in English.

Examples for Author Affiliation

11. paper/poster with author affiliation, 12. paper/poster with author affiliation including e-mail address, title of paper or poster presented (required), general rules for title.

• Enter the title of a paper or poster as it appears in the original document
• Capitalize only the first word of a title, proper nouns, proper adjectives, acronyms, and initialisms
• Use a colon followed by a space to separate a title from a subtitle, unless another form of punctuation (such as a question mark, period, or an exclamation point) is already present
• Follow non-English titles with a translation whenever possible; place the translation in square brackets
• End a title with a period unless a question mark or exclamation point already ends it

Specific Rules for Title

• Titles not in English
• Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or other special character

Titles not in English.

Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special character.

Examples for Title

13. paper/poster title containing a greek letter or other special character, 14. paper/poster in a language other than english, connective phrase for paper or poster presented (required), general rule for connective phrase.

• Use the words "Paper presented at" or "Poster session presented at" followed by a colon and a space to connect information about the paper or poster with information on the conference proceedings

Examples for Connective Phrase

Conference proceedings for paper or poster presented (required).

Follow the instructions in Chapter 3 to enter proceedings citation information

Examples for Conference Proceedings

15. paper/poster with optional specific location of the conference added, language for paper or poster presented (required), general rules for language.

• Give the language of the paper or poster if not English
• Capitalize the language name
• Follow the language name with a period

Examples for Language

Notes for paper or poster presented (optional), general rules for notes.

• Notes is a collective term for any useful information given after the citation itself
• Complete sentences are not required

Specific Rules for Notes

• Sponsorship note
• Other types of material to include in notes

Sponsorship note.

Other types of material to include in notes.

Examples for Notes

16. paper/poster with sponsorship note.

• 17. Paper/poster with other supplemental note

Patrias K. Computer-compatible writing and editing. Paper presented at: Interacting with the digital environment: modern scientific publishing. 46th Annual Meeting of the Council of Science Editors; 2003 May 3-6; Pittsburgh, PA.

Bernhardt A, Weiss C, Breuer J, Kumpf M, Sieverding L. The clinical relevance of an elevated lactate level after surgery for congenital heart disease. Paper presented at: Myocardial cell damage and myocardial protection. 3rd International Symposium on the Pathophysiology of Cardiopulmonary Bypass; 2000 Dec 16; Aachen, Germany.

Hu X, Gao Z, Xu F, Liu N. A novel approach to harvesting lymphatic endothelial cells from human foreskin dermis. Paper presented at: 8th TESI Annual Meeting; 2005 Oct 22-25; Shanghai, China.

Thabet A. Clinical value of two serial pulmonary embolism-protocol CT studies performed within ten days. Paper presented at: Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the American Society of Emergency Radiology; 2006 Sep 27-30; Washington, DC.

Chasman J, Kaplan RF. The effects of occupation on preserved cognitive functioning in dementia. Poster session presented at: Excellence in clinical practice. 4th Annual Conference of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology; 2006 Jun 15-17; Philadelphia, PA.

Charles L, Gordner R. Analysis of MedlinePlus en Espanol customer service requests. Poster session presented at: Futuro magnifico! Celebrating our diversity. MLA `05: Medical Library Association Annual Meeting; 2005 May 14-19; San Antonio, TX.

Muto A, Funakubo K. Efficacy of transarterial embolization using NBCA-LPD for acute arterial bleeding in patients with coagulopathy. Poster session presented at: Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the American Society of Emergency Radiology; 2006 Sep 27-30; Washington, DC.

Rao RM, Lord GM, Choe H, Lichtman AH, Luscinskas FW, Glimcher LH. The transcription T-bet is required for optimal proinflammatory trafficking of CD4+ T cells. Poster session presented at: 25th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research; 2005 Feb 24-27; Glasgow, UK.

Rosenberg, Steven A. Human cancer immunotherapy: progress and problems. Paper presented at: Cancer Vaccines 2005: Barriers, Endpoints & Opportunities; 2005 Oct 5-7; New York, NY.

Cronin, James T.; Haynes, Kyle J. Parasitoid and host movement and population dynamics in a heterogeneous prairie landscape. Paper presented at: 13th International Entomophagous Insects Workshop; 2003 Jul 27-31; Tucson, AZ.

Boggi U, Del Chiaro M, Croce C, Gremmo F, Sgambelluri AF, Cappelli C, et al. Mesenteric portal vein resection during pancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: is it worthwhile? Paper presented at: 29th National Congress of the Italian Association for the Study of the Pancreas (AISP); 2005 Sep 15-17; Bologna, Italy.

Hubert JM, Renoult E, Chammas M Jr, Mourey E, Feuillu B, Frimat L, Cormier L, Prevot L, Hestin D, Kessler M. Purely laparoscopic robotic (Da Vinci®) live donor nephrectomy: experience in 37 cases. Poster session presented at: 24th Annual World Congress of Endourology; 2006 Aug 17-20; Cleveland, OH.

Sarna A, Pujari S, Sengar AK, Garg R, Katke S, van Dam J. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its principal determinants in HIV-infected adults in India. Poster session presented at: NIMH/IAPAC International Conference on HIV Treatment Adherence; 2006 Mar 8-10; Jersey City, NJ.

Van Assche FA. The relation of EBCOG with scientific organisations in Europe. Paper presented at: 9th Congress of the European Society of Contraception; 2006 May 3-6; Istanbul, Turkey.

Fettouh HI, Morsy HA, El Shenoufy A, Agabo H, Fettouh IA. Laparoscopic right donor nephrectomy using non-absorbable locking clips to control the renal vein. Poster session presented at: 24th Annual World Congress of Endourology; 2006 Aug 17-20; Cleveland, OH.

Joseph MA, Harlow SD, LaRosa JH. Ethnic differences in menstrual cycle length and variability in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health across the Nation (SWAN). Poster session presented at: 2nd Women's Health NIH Interdisciplinary Research Symposium; 2005 Oct 20; Bethesda, MD.

Dell'Accio F, De Bari C, El Tawil NM, Barone F, Mitsiadis TA, O'Dowd J, Pitzalis C. Activation of WNT and BMP signaling in adult human articular cartilage following mechanical injury. Paper presented at: 25th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research; 2005 Feb 24-27; Glasgow, UK.

Prakken BJ, de Kleer I. Autoimmunity or immune deficiency? On the role and function of regulatory T cells in chronic arthritis. Paper presented at: 25th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research; 2005 Feb 24-27; Glasgow, UK.

Martin M, Del Cacho E, Lopez E, Tuset M, Codina C, Miro JM, Ribas J. Adverse side effects and nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy. Poster session presented at: NIMH/IAPAC International Conference on HIV Treatment Adherence; 2006 Mar 8-10; Jersey City, NJ.

Bryan-Rest LL. The "clear sinus sign" revisited in the multislice CT ERA. Paper presented at: Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the American Society of Emergency Radiology; 2006 Sep 27-30; Washington, DC.

Ruiz Mondejar R, Donate MJ, Pastor H, Hernandez I, Lorenzo J, Virseda JA, Gimenez J. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy, an initial experience of 14 cases in a Spanish general hospital. Poster session presented at: 24th Annual World Congress of Endourology; 2006 Aug 17-20; Cleveland, OH.

Atkinson RP; ARCHeR Trial Collaborators. Final 1-year composite endpoint results for the ARCHeR Trials: ACCULINK for revascularization of carotids in high-risk patients. Paper presented at: 129th Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association; 2004 Oct 3-6; Toronto, ON.

Thabet A (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA). Clinical value of two serial pulmonary embolism-protocol CT studies performed within ten days. Paper presented at: Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the American Society of Emergency Radiology; 2006 Sep 27-30; Washington, DC.

Barron D (Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK), Enion DS (Blackburn Royal Infirmary, Blackburn, UK), Bollen SR (Blackburn Royal Infirmary, Blackburn, UK). Femoro-tibial dislocation and the radiologist. Poster session presented at: Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the American Society of Emergency Radiology; 2006 Sep 27-30; Washington, DC.

Patrias K (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. [email protected]). Computer-compatible writing and editing. Paper presented at: Interacting with the digital environment: modern scientific publishing. 46th Annual Meeting of the Council of Science Editors; 2003 May 3-6; Pittsburgh, PA.

Greek letters may be written out if special fonts are not available

Wang H, Unadkat JD, Mao Q. Regulation of BCRP expression by progesterone and 17β -estradiol. Poster session presented at: 2nd Women's Health NIH Interdisciplinary Research Symposium; 2005 Oct 20; Bethesda, MD.

Wang H, Unadkat JD, Mao Q. Regulation of BCRP expression by progesterone and 17beta -estradiol. Poster session presented at: 2nd Women's Health NIH Interdisciplinary Research Symposium; 2005 Oct 20; Bethesda, MD.

Superscripts or subscripts may be enclosed within parentheses if fonts are not available

Bradford I, Mackie A, McCauley E, Cadigan P, Cook A. Pre-operative diagnosis and staging of symptomatic breast disease using 99m technitium scintimammography. Paper presented at: Symposium Mammographicum 2000; 2000 Oct 4-6; York, UK.

Bradford I, Mackie A, McCauley E, Cadigan P, Cook A. Pre-operative diagnosis and staging of symptomatic breast disease using (99m) technitium scintimammography. Paper presented at: Symposium Mammographicum 2000; 2000 Oct 4-6; York, UK.

Price AG, Lockhart JC, Mc Lean JS, Ferrell WR. Proinflammatory role for AT 1 receptors in the rat synovium. Poster session presented at: 25th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research; 2005 Feb 24-27; Glasgow, UK.

Price AG, Lockhart JC, Mc Lean JS, Ferrell WR. Proinflammatory role for AT(1) receptors in the rat synovium. Poster session presented at: 25th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research; 2005 Feb 24-27; Glasgow, UK.

Villagra F (Hospitales Zarzuela y Monte Principe, Madrid, Spain), Aroca A, Gomez R, Cazzaniga M, Larraya FG, Rodriguez M, Herraiz JI, Romera G, Soler V, Simo S, Arjona D. Cirugia de la coartacion de aorta (COA) asociada a defectos septales ventriculares (DSV) significativos (COA + DSV). Paper presented at: 1st Congreso Nacional de Cardiologia Pediatrica; 2003 May 23-24; Seville, Spain. Spanish.

Beganyi N (Fovarosi Onkormanyzat Uzsoki utcai Korhaz, Fovarosi Onkoradiologiai Kozpont, Budapest, Hungary). Mezoillesztesi technikak rosszindulatu fej-nyaki daganatok sugarkezeleseben. Paper presented at: A Magyar Sugarterapias Tarsasag Kongresszusa; 2005 Oct 13-15; Kaposvar, Hungary. Hungarian.

Wu HH. [Care of rheumatoid arthritis treated with acupuncture]. Paper presented at: [5th National Symposium of Acupuncture Anesthesia and Acupuncture Analgesia]; 1994 Sep 20-24; Wuhan, China. Chinese.

with translation

Villagra F (Hospitales Zarzuela y Monte Principe, Madrid, Spain), Aroca A, Gomez R, Cazzaniga M, Larraya FG, Rodriguez M, Herraiz JI, Romera G, Soler V, Simo S, Arjona D. Cirugia de la coartacion de aorta (COA) asociada a defectos septales ventriculares (DSV) significativos (COA + DSV) [Surgery for coarctation of the aorta (COA) associated with significant septal ventricular defect]. Paper presented at: 1st Congreso Nacional de Cardiologia Pediatrica [1st National Congress of Pediatric Cardiology]; 2003 May 23-24; Seville, Spain. Spanish.

Beganyi N (Fovarosi Onkormanyzat Uzsoki utcai Korhaz, Fovarosi Onkoradiologiai Kozpont, Budapest, Hungary). Mezpillesztesi technikak rosszindulatu fej-nyaki daganatok sugarkezeleseben [Field-matched techniques of radiotherapy for head and neck tumors]. Paper presented at: A Magyar Sugarterapias Tarsasag Kongresszusa [Congress of the Hungarian Radiotherapy Society]; 2005 Oct 13-15; Kaposvar, Hungary. Hungarian.

Hilbelink DR, Hu X. Use of a point-to-point method to morph image of the Visible Human Project. Paper presented at: 3rd Visible Human Project Conference; 2000 Oct 5-6; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.

Rosenberg SA. Human cancer immunotherapy: progress and problems. Paper presented at: Cancer Vaccines 2005: Barriers, Endpoints & Opportunities; 2005 Oct 5-7; New York, NY. Conference sponsored by the Cancer Research Institute, New York.

Rookus MA, Brohet RM, Andrieu N, Antroniou AC, Chang-Claude J, Easton DF, Peock S, Nogues C, van Leeuwen FE, Goldgar DE. Oral contraceptives and breast cancer risk in the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study (IBCCS). Paper presented at: 3rd International Symposium on the Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer; 2005 Jun 22-26; Molde, Norway. Main conference sponsors were Affymetrix, Agilent Technologies, Applied Biosystems, AstraZeneca, Novartis Oncology, Pfizer, and Roche Diagnostics.

17. Paper/Poster with other supplemental note

Hu X, Gao Z, Xu F, Liu N. A novel approach to harvesting lymphatic endothelial cells from human foreskin dermis. Paper presented at: 8th TESI Annual Meeting; 2005 Oct 22-25; Shanghai, China. TESI = Tissue Engineering Society International.

18. Paper/Poster for a Cancelled Conference

Joubert, D. J. (2020, May 10–15). Best Practices for Dealing with Biomedical Data [Conference session canceled]. 12th Annual Congress of Data Scientist, Paris, France.

• Cite this Page Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007-. Chapter 12, Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings. 2007 Oct 10 [Updated 2020 Aug 5].
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Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

APA Classroom Poster

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

Note:  This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style  can be found here .

The APA poster available via the links below is a printable file you may download and print for use in classrooms and writing centers, or as a personal reference. Please keep in mind that, as a print-quality resource (120 dpi), the poster file is large, so it may take a while to download. You may adjust the print size of the poster from your print menu. Without adjustment, the poster is approximately 27 x 36 inches.

Because the poster is quite large, standard printers cannot print the full-size poster. If you do not have access to a printer that can print large documents, contact a local print shop to print the poster. The Purdue OWL cannot grant requests to print and mail posters.

If you do not have access to a print shop to print the poster, please print the other APA pages available in this section individually, as these are formatted for printing on standard 8.5 x 11 inch paper. Go to resource you would like to print, scroll down to the bottom of the page, and click "Full Resource for Printing."

Also please note that this poster only contains basic APA guidelines. For detailed instructions, please browse the complete OWL APA resources.  Here is a good starting place .

The Purdue OWL APA Classroom Poster was originally developed by Kate Bouwens for the Purdue Professional Writing - Purdue OWL Internship class, English 490, in spring 2009. It was updated to reflect the APA 7 guidelines in winter 2019 by Rachel Atherton.

For your convenience, the poster is now available both as a .jpg and as a .png file. The .jpg file is larger and higher-quality. As such, it may require longer to download.

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Posters and Presentations: Referencing

• Designing your poster
• Presenting your poster
• Referencing
• Using online images

• Referencing your poster Click here to download a PDF version of the Referencing Your Poster document

Referencing on your poster

It is important to gain clarification from your lecturer about their expectations around referencing on your poster.

Read your assessment instructions carefully, including the marking criteria - which may give you tips and hints for how your poster should be presented and referenced.

Make sure to leave enough space to account for your in-text references and reference list on any poster you design. Generally, a reference list is presented in a box on the poster itself, or is the final slide in a Powerpoint presentation.

As always your in-text citations and reference list need to be formatted properly according to the style for your discipline.

• Referencing Guide This guide will help you identify and use the correct referencing style to acknowledge the information sources you use in your writing.

Citing in Orals

Most referencing style guides are designed for written works, so it is difficult to find advice on how to cite your sources when you are speaking in an oral presentation.

Paraphrasing: For the words you speak, if an "in-text" citation would be needed you will need to mention the authors in the sentence: "As Thompson and DePaul mentioned in 2020, children will learn to…"

Quoting: Draw attention to the direct quote with your words: "Wang et al. stated, and I quote, 'little can be done.'" "As Winston Stuart said, 'this is only the first step.'"

Some disciplines (for example, law) have specific conventions for the kind of oral presentation you are delivering. Check with your lecturer to see if there are conventions you should be following.

• Further examples of citing in orals If you need further explanation and examples on citing in orals, look at this quick FAQ.
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• Last Updated: Sep 12, 2023 9:36 AM
• URL: https://libguides.jcu.edu.au/postersandpresentations

Poster Presentations

Steps for creating a poster presentation.

Making a poster presentation (or a research poster) can be daunting without proper guidance. This guide will walk you through the steps to take to make a professional and effective poster presentation.

The poster will concisely sum up the author's original research and present findings in visually pleasing fashion with minimal text. Posters tend to include images like charts, graphs, photos or illustrations.

1. Find a Powerpoint template

To get started, find a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation template.

• There are different types of templates depending on the subject. Be sure to choose one that best fits what you are trying to get across in the poster.
• A Villanova University branded PowerPoint template
• You can also insert Villanova branded graphics from the Office of University Communication and Marketing. 

Next, make sure to use an appropriate sized template.

• The most common and standard size for a poster is 36"x 48" . The Student Research Symposium lists 36"x 48"  as the proper size.
• Be sure to check any requirements announced by the conference at which the poster is being presented. Some conferences may accept larger or smaller sized posters.
• To check the dimensions in PowerPoint go to Design  -->  Slide Size  -->  Custom Size

• 2. Organize content

Most posters will contain the type of information that you would find in a journal abstract. Sections on the poster will be  organized into blocks that usually include:

• Introduction
• Methodology
• Section headings
• Charts or figures with data
• Conclusions
• Less text is more when it comes to posters. Aim for getting your word count under 800 words or less.
• Avoid copying and pasting sections of your research into the poster. Be sure to make an attempt to cut down on the words and focus more on providing important findings from your research to visually convey your results.
• It is a good rule of thumb to highlight the most important findings in your research and find ways to present the results in a visual or compelling fashion.
• Consider using bullet points or lists over using a straight paragraph of text in the poster.

Most viewers will not read your entire poster in detail. So try to help viewers understand its basic message by looking at the title, abstract or introduction, section headings, figures, and conclusions.

• 3. Visual aspect

Because the visual aspect of a poster is critical, it is important to use appropriate fonts and sizes .

• Use a font size that can be read from a distance.
• Choose a font that is easy to read like Helvetica or Arial.
• Use bold or underlined text for section headings.
• Keep the font consistent throughout the poster, and use the same size for section headings.
• The rule of thumb for font size is - Title as 72pt, Headings as 48 pt, Figures as 30 pt, and Body text as 28pt.
• 4. Using images

Use your own images

• Make your life easier and decide to use your own images in the poster such as photographs, charts, infographics, tables and other graphics that you created on your own.
• Adobe Express

Find freely available images

Consider using freely available images, like those licensed as  Creative Commons , or those in the  public domain . You don't need to request permission for these images but you still need to give the creator credit.

Most images are free of copyright (Creative Commons CC license) and do not require an attribution. Avoid using the sponsored images from Shutterstock that may come with fees & license restrictions.

Search for images with a Creative Commons license. If you want to alter the image or use it for commercial purposes, specify those types of licenses in your search criteria.

A specialized search within Flickr for images with Creative Commons licenses. Search results can be filtered by the type of license, such as commercial use and modifications.

A database of freely available media, including public domain and Creative Commons.

Narrow your results by "usage rights." Specify that you want images that are free to use.

Images with "no known copyright restrictions" from the archives of cultural institutions.

Images of works owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Filter results by "Public Domain Artworks" or check for a Creative Commons Zero (CC0) icon below the image.

• 5. Citing information

If referencing another person's work, you need to acknowledge citing it. Be sure to check whether your poster session expects formal citation and if there is a preferred style required. If there is no standard required, be consistent with formatting within the poster.

See the Falvey Library Frequently Used Style Guide for examples of APA, MLA and Chicago Styles.

By using photographs or images in your poster that you did not create, you should follow appropriate copyright requirements for use of the images.

Citing visuals in a poster means creating a label with the citation and permissions. 

For example, the basic format for images found on the web in APA style is as follows: Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day of Publication). Title of image.  Title of Website.  URL

APA example for image from website

Figure 1.  Stahl, K. (2022, August 25). Library essentials [digital image]. Falvey Library .  https://blog.library.villanova.edu/2022/08/26/welcome-back-cats-heres-your-falvey-library-essentials-guide/ . 

• 6. Export PDF

Before exporting the file be sure to:

• Check for spelling errors and other mistakes.
• Check the dimensions and image used in the poster to make sure they do not become blurry or pixelated when viewed at 100%. Remember, when printed to scale, any blurriness will be apparent on the poster at full scale.

Make the PDF

In Windows, save the PowerPoint slide as a PDF and select standard size

On Macs, select Print --> Scale to fit paper --> Save as PDF.

Printing the poster

If presenting a poster at the Student Research Symposium , check their website for the most current guidance about printing on campus through iPRINT.

Otherwise, if presenting a poster at a conference outside of the University, check with your professor or look for a professional printing service like Poster Ninja, Staples or Kinkos.

• 1. Find a PowerPoint template

Suggested ebooks from the Falvey Library Catalog 

Better posters : plan, design and present an academic poster.

Zen Faulkes

Pelagic Publishing. 2021

Designing Science Presentations : A Visual Guide to Figures, Papers, Slides, Posters, and More

Matt Carter

Elsevier Science & Technology, 2013

Academic posters : A textual and visual metadiscourse analysis

Larissa D’Angelo

Peter Lang GmbH, 2016

Poster Design: Tips for Creating a Successful Poster

• Basic Poster Components
• Visual Layout
• Poster Orientation & Size
• Charts, Graphs, and Images

Giving Credit

Citation styles.

• Poster Examples & Critiques
• Poster Presentation Skills
• Additional Resources
• Student Scholar Symposium and Faculty Research Showcase

Just like research papers, it is important to give credit to where you find information for your academic posters .  Those sources of information can be books, articles, newspapers, website, personal interviews, etc.... 

Generally speaking, choose the citation style for the discipline that your poster is representing.  For example, if your poster is a science poster, use CSE style.  If your poster is in Education or Social Work, use APA.  If your poster is in History, use Chicago.

If you have any doubts about which citation style to use, consult with your faculty supervisor or the conference organizers.

The following UWF Library guides will help you with your citations:

• APA Citation Style
• Chicago Notes-Bibliography Citation Style
• MLA Citation Style
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• Last Updated: Apr 23, 2024 2:14 PM
• URL: https://libguides.uwf.edu/poster

• How to Cite
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How to Cite a Poster in MLA Format

Researchers and students in the sciences and other fields often present their current research in posters, or poster sessions. Frequently held during conferences and under the auspices of large organizations, the poster session allows a researcher direct access to fellow scholars. The reseacher typically designs a large poster outlining the key points of his research and stands nearby to distribute a paper further detailing his research and to answer any questions the viewer of his poster might have. If your own research uses another researcher's poster as a source, document that source correctly. Follow the format of the Modern Language Association when you are citing a poster in MLA style.

Write the last name first and first name last of the poster presenter separated by a comma and followed by a period. For example, write Blanche, Robert.

Write the title of the poster you are citing in quotation marks, followed by a period.

For example, write Blanche, Robert. "Bipolar Staining in Gram-Negative Coccobacilli."

Write the name of the meeting at which the poster was presented, followed by a period.

For example, write Blanche, Robert. "Bipolar Staining in Gram-Negative Coccobacilli." Medical Bacteriology Today.

Write the name of the sponsoring organization, followed by a period.

For example, write Blanche, Robert. "Bipolar Staining in Gram-Negative Coccobacilli." Medical Bacteriology Today. American Bacteriology Society.

Write the presenting location of the poster, followed by a period.

For example, write Blanche, Robert. "Bipolar Staining in Gram-Negative Coccobacilli." Medical Bacteriology Today. American Bacteriology Society. Hyatt Regency, Dallas."

Write the day, month and year of the poster, followed by a period.

For example, write Blanche, Robert. "Bipolar Staining in Gram-Negative Coccobacilli." Medical Bacteriology Today. American Bacteriology Society. Hyatt Regency, Dallas. 11 Dec. 2007.

Write "Poster presentation," followed by a period.

For example, write Blanche, Robert. "Bipolar Staining in Gram-Negative Coccobacilli." Medical Bacteriology Today. American Bacteriology Society. Hyatt Regency, Dallas. 11 Dec. 2007. Poster presentation.

Write the name of the presenter enclosed within parentheses for an MLA style in-text citation.

For example: "Bipolar staining can be largely indicative in these situations (Blanche)."

Need help with a citation? Try our citation generator .

• "MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers"; Modern Language Association; 2009

John Woloch writes professionally for various websites. He has published in the Dutch journal "Crux" and writes frequently on oil painting, classical languages and topics involving math and biochemistry. Woloch holds a Master of Arts in English from the University of Chicago, a Master of Arts in classics from Ohio State University and a postbaccalaureate pre-medical degree from Georgetown University.

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Q. How do I cite a scientific poster in AMA Style?

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Answered By: Charlotte Beyer, MSIS, AHIP Last Updated: Nov 02, 2022     Views: 63819

Author Name. Name of Presentation. Poster or Paper presented at: Name of Conference; Date of Conference; Location of Conference.

Beyer CM. Building Together: Collaborating with faculty to integrate information literacy into a first year interprofessionalism course. Poster presented at: The Medical Library Association Annual Meeting; May 20, 2014; Chicago, IL.

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Comments (6)

• I am accustomed to seeing the precise dates of the conference in the reference: eg, May 1-3, 2014. by Amy D on Jan 23, 2017
• I checked the manual, and you can put the exact date of the presentation (ex. May 20), or the dates of the conference (ex. May 18-22). Either is acceptable. Remember that if the poster topic turns into a published paper, you cite the paper. by Charlotte Beyer on Jan 23, 2017
• What about for in-text citation of a scientific poster? How would that be cited? by Megan on Oct 18, 2023
• In AMA style, an in-text citation is indicated by a superscript number that coordinates with the full citation at the end of your paper. This page from Purdue Owl demonstrates how this is done: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/ama_style/index.html by Jaena Manson, Scholarly Communciations Librarian on Oct 19, 2023
• As per AMA style, do you have to list all the authors or just the first 3 or the presenting author? Thank you by Aparna on Nov 30, 2023
• In AMA style, you need to list all the authors unless there are more than 6 authors. In those cases, you would list the first 3 authors then put "et al." afterward. by Samantha Loster, Electronic Resource Management Librarian on Nov 30, 2023

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• Leeds Harvard referencing examples

Leeds Harvard: Poster

Reference examples, conference poster.

Family name, INITIAL(S) (of the author). Year.  Title . [Poster]. Event name (if applicable), date, location (for where the poster was exhibited).

Brooks, I. 2013.  Paper chains and octopuses: an activities based information skills session . [Poster]. Librarians' Information Literacy Annual Conference, 25-27 March, The University of Manchester Library.

Poster viewed online

Family name, INITIAL(S) (of the author). Year.  Title . [Online poster]. [Date accessed]. Available from: URL

Smith, R. 2013.  Did you know? Marketing information literacy training . [Online poster]. [Accessed 5 May 2017]. Available from:  http://www.slideshare.net/

If no author is identifiable, start the reference with the title of the poster, followed by the year.

Citation examples

Author and date.

When the author name is not mentioned in the text, the citation consists of the author’s name and the year of publication in brackets.

It was emphasised that citations in the text should be consistent (Jones, 2017).

If you have already named the author in the text, only the publication year needs to be mentioned in brackets.

Jones (2017) emphasised that citations in the text should be consistent.

Three or more authors

If a source has three or more authors, the name of the first author should be given, followed by the phrase "et al."

It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent (Jones et al., 2017).

Jones et al. (2017) emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent.

Leeds Harvard does not use ibid to refer to previously cited items. If you are citing the same item twice in a row (i.e. you do not cite any other items in the text between the two citations) you must write the full citation again. As usual, if you are directly quoting or paraphrasing specific ideas, you should include a page number (if there is one). 

Jones et al. (2017, p.24) emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent and argued that referencing is a key part of academic integrity (2017, p.27). Furthermore, having a broad range of references in a text is an indicator of the breadth of a scholar's reading and research (Jones et al., 2017, p.14).

Corporate author

If the item is produced by an organisation, treat the organisation as a "corporate author". This means you can use the name of the organisation instead of that of an individual author. This includes government departments, universities or companies. Cite the corporate author in the text the same way as you would an individual author.

According to a recent report, flu jabs are as important as travel vaccines (Department of Health, 2017).  

Common issues

When you're referencing with Leeds Harvard you may come across issues with missing details, multiple authors, edited books, references to another author's work or online items, to name a few. Here are some tips on how to deal with some common issues when using Leeds Harvard.

Skip straight to the issue that affects you:

• Online items
• URL web addresses
• Multiple authors
• Corporate author(s) or organisation(s)
• Multiple publisher details
• Editions and reprints
• Missing details
• Multiple sources with different authors
• Sources written by the same author in the same year
• Sources with the same author in different years
• Two authors with the same surname in the same year
• The work of one author referred to by another
• Anonymising sources for confidentiality
• Identifying the authors’ family name (surname)

EWU Digital Commons

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Home > STUDENT_RESEARCH > SRCW > 2024 Symposium > 2024 Poster Sessions > Poster Session 1 > 39

Poster Session 1

European Free Tailed Bats Sonification

Charles Alan Blankenship , Eastern Washington University Follow

Faculty Mentor

Dr. Jonathan Middleton, Dr. Ben Luca Robertson.

Presentation Type

5-8-2024 9:00 AM

5-8-2024 10:45 AM

Primary Discipline of Presentation

Data Sonification is a form of auditory display for data analysis. This project's analysis focuses on the auditory display of aerial/flight data representing eight different European Free Tailed Bats in Mirandela, Portugal. The data points were originally collected to determine if these bats were utilizing wind patterns to achieve extreme flight heights at remarkable speeds for the species. For the purposes of this sonification, the primary data mappings are pitch for height data at measured sea level, and note duration value (length) for speed.

The idea is to use the poster session to present the information, but to also have a laptop setup with a pair of headphones to allow observers to listen to the sonification.

Recommended Citation

Blankenship, Charles Alan, "European Free Tailed Bats Sonification" (2024). 2024 Symposium . 39. https://dc.ewu.edu/srcw_2024/ps_2024/p1_2024/39

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