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Sample Cover Letter for a Job Application

What Is an Application Letter?

What to include in your application letter, tips for writing a cover letter, cover letter sample and template, email cover letter sample.

• How to Send an Email Application

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Alex Dos Diaz / The Balance

What's the best way to write a letter to apply for a job? Your letter should detail your specific qualifications for the position and the skills you would bring to the employer. What’s most important is to show the employer that you’re a perfect match for the job.

Your job application letter is an opportunity to highlight your most relevant qualifications and experience. An effective cover letter will enhance your application, showcase your achievements, and increase your chances of landing an interview.

Review what to include in a job application letter, tips for writing that will get your application noticed, and examples of cover letters and email messages to send when applying for a job.

Key Takeaways

• An application letter accompanies a resume and may be uploaded to a job portal, sent via email, or even sent by postal mail, depending on the employer’s requirements.
• Application letters are an ideal way to show your interest in a job and highlight your most relevant skills.
• It’s important to match your letter to the job description and show the employer you have the qualifications they are seeking.

A   letter of application, also known as a  cover letter , is a document sent with your resume to provide additional information about your skills and experience to an employer. Your letter of application is intended to provide detailed information on why you are an ideal candidate for the job.

Your application letter should let the employer know what position you are applying for, what makes you a strong candidate, why they should select you for an interview, and how you will follow up.

Effective application letters explain the reasons for your interest in the specific organization and identify the most relevant skills that qualify you for the job.

Unless an employer specifically requests a job application letter sent by postal mail, most cover letters today are sent by email or attached as a file in an online application tracking system.

As with all cover letters, a job application letter is divided into sections:

• The heading includes your name and contact information.
• A  greeting  addressed to a specific person, if possible.
• The introduction includes why the applicant is writing.
• The body discusses your relevant qualifications and what you have to offer the employer.
• The close thanks the reader and provides contact information and follow-up details.
• Your  signature to end the letter .

Here’s how to ensure your application supports your resume, highlights your most relevant qualifications, and impresses the hiring manager.

Get off to a direct start.  In your first paragraph, explain why you are writing. Mention the job title, company name, and where you found the job listing. While you can also briefly mention why you are a strong candidate, this section should be short and to the point.

Offer something different than what's in your resume. You can make your language a bit more personal than in your resume bullet points, and you can tell a narrative about your work experience and career.

Application letters typically accompany resumes, so your letter should showcase information that your resume doesn't.

Make a good case.  Your first goal with this letter is to progress to the next step: an interview. Your overarching goal, of course, is to get a job offer. Use your application letter to further both causes. Offer details about your experience and background that show why you are a good candidate. How have other jobs prepared you for the position? What would you bring to the role and the company? Use this space to  emphasize your strengths .

Close with all the important details.  Include a thank you at the end of your letter. You can also share your contact information and mention how you will follow up.

This is a sample cover letter.  Download the cover letter template  (compatible with Google Docs and Word Online) or see below for an email sample.

The Balance

John Donaldson 8 Sue Circle Smithtown, CA 08067 909-555-5555 john.donaldson@email.com

September 6, 2023

George Gilhooley LTC Company 87 Delaware Road Hatfield, CA 08065

Dear Mr. Gilhooley,

I am writing to apply for the programmer position advertised in the Times Union. As requested, I enclose my certification, resume, and references.

The role is very appealing to me, and I believe that my strong technical experience and education make me a highly competitive candidate for this position. My key strengths that would support my success in this position include:

• I have successfully designed, developed, and supported live-use applications.
• I strive continually for excellence.
• I provide exceptional contributions to customer service for all customers.

With a BS degree in computer programming, I have a comprehensive understanding of the full lifecycle of software development projects. I also have experience in learning and applying new technologies as appropriate. Please see my resume for additional information on my experience.

I can be reached anytime via email at john.donaldson@email.com or by phone at 909-555-5555.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to speaking with you about this employment opportunity.

Signature  (only if a hard copy letter)

John Donaldson

The following is a sample email cover letter to send as part of a job application.

Email Application Letter Example

Subject: Colleen Warren - Web Content Manager Position

Dear Hiring Manager,

I'm writing to express my interest in the Web Content Manager position listed on Monster.com. I have experience building large, consumer-focused, health-based content sites. While much of my experience has been in the business world, I understand the social value of this sector, and I am confident that my business experience will be an asset to your organization.

My responsibilities have included the development and management of website editorial voice and style, editorial calendars, and the daily content programming and production for various websites.

I have worked closely with health care professionals and medical editors to provide the best possible information to a consumer audience of patients. I have also helped physicians use their medical content to write user-friendly and easily comprehensible text.

Experience has taught me how to build strong relationships with all departments in an organization. I have the ability to work within a team, as well as cross-team. I can work with web engineers to resolve technical issues and implement technical enhancements. 

I am confident working with development departments to implement design and functional enhancements, monitor site statistics, and conduct search engine optimization.

Thank you for your consideration.

Colleen Warren colleen.warren@email.com 555-123-1234 www.linked.com/colleenwarren

How to Send an Email Application Letter

If sending your cover letter via email, list your name and the job title you are applying for in the  subject line  of the email:

Colleen Warren - Web Content Manager Position

Include your contact information in your email signature but don't list the employer's contact information.

Do you have to write a cover letter when you apply for a job?

Some employers require cover letters. If they do, it will be mentioned in the job posting. Otherwise, it’s optional but it can help your chances of securing an interview. A cover letter gives you a chance to sell yourself to the employer, showcase your qualifications, and explain why you are a perfect candidate for the job.

How can you use a cover letter to show you’re a qualified candidate?

One of the easiest ways to show an employer how you’re qualified for a job is to make a list of the requirements listed in the job posting and match them to your resume . Mention your most relevant qualifications in your cover letter, so the hiring manager can see, at a glance, that you have the credentials they are looking for.

CareerOneStop. " How Do I Write a Cover Letter? "

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Letter Opening Examples: Greet Like a Professional in 2024

As the saying goes, you only get one chance to make a good first impression. This is especially true when it comes to letter writing. The opening of your letter sets the tone for the rest of the communication and can greatly impact the reader’s perception of you and your message. That’s why it’s important to know how to greet like a professional.

In this article, we’ll explore the different ways to open a letter and provide you with examples of how to do it right. By mastering the art of letter opening, you can convey professionalism, build rapport, and establish credibility with your reader.

So why is a proper letter opening so important? First and foremost, it helps to capture the reader’s attention and make them feel valued. It sets the tone for a positive and productive relationship with the reader, reducing the risk of misunderstanding or miscommunication.

Furthermore, greeting like a professional can enhance your credibility and establish trust with your reader. By using a formal and respectful tone, you can demonstrate that you take the relationship seriously and are committed to maintaining a professional level of communication.

In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know about letter opening, including:

• Common mistakes to avoid when greeting in a letter
• Tips for crafting a professional and engaging opening
• Examples of effective letter openings for different types of correspondence

So whether you’re sending a business proposal, a formal inquiry, or a personal letter, this guide will help you greet like a professional and make a strong first impression.

The Basic Components of a Letter Opening

When it comes to crafting business letters, it’s important to ensure that you have all of the necessary components in place to make a great first impression. The opening section of your letter is no exception, and there are four key elements that you should always include:

The Heading

The heading of your letter is the first thing that your recipient will see, so it’s crucial to get it right. The heading should contain your name or your company’s name and address, as well as the date that the letter was written. This information should be positioned at the top of the page, ideally in the center or on the left-hand side. Make sure that the font is easy to read, and that the text is properly aligned.

The date is an essential component of your letter opening. It provides your recipient with important information about when the letter was sent, and it also gives your letter a sense of urgency. The date should be positioned directly beneath the heading, and it should be written in a clear and easy-to-read format. Depending on your location, you may need to adjust the date format to reflect local customs.

The Recipient’s Name and Address

Before you start to write the body of your letter, you need to address it to the correct person. This means including the recipient’s name and address in the opening section of the letter. The recipient’s name should be positioned on the line directly below the date, and it should be written in a formal style (e.g. Mr. John Smith). The full address of the recipient should be positioned below the name, and it should be written in a clear and legible format.

The Salutation

Finally, you need to include a salutation in your letter opening. This is a greeting that should be tailored to the recipient, and it can range from formal (e.g. Dear Mr. Smith) to informal (e.g. Hi John). The salutation should be positioned directly beneath the recipient’s address, and it should be followed by a colon or a comma. Make sure that you double-check the spelling of the recipient’s name before you finalize your letter.

The opening section of your letter is an important opportunity to make a great first impression. By including the heading, the date, the recipient’s name and address, and a personalized salutation, you can ensure that your letter gets off to the best possible start.

Common Greeting Styles

When it comes to writing professional letters, greeting the recipient appropriately is crucial. The opening sets the tone for the rest of the letter and can impact how the reader perceives the message. Below are some common greeting styles to use depending on the situation.

Formal and semi-formal greetings

Formal greetings are typically used for business-related letters or any other communication that requires a high level of professionalism. These greetings tend to use full titles and last names to address the recipient. Here are a few examples of formal greetings:

• Dear Mr. Smith,
• Dear Dr. Johnson,

Semi-formal greetings, on the other hand, are slightly less formal than a formal greeting, but still maintain a professional tone. They may use first names with an honorific or full name without an honorific. Here are a few examples of semi-formal greetings:

• Dear Professor Garcia,
• Dear Reverend Lee,

Informal greetings

Informal greetings are typically used in personal correspondence or with individuals that you have a friendly relationship with. These greetings tend to be more casual and may include the use of first names or even nicknames. Here are a few examples of informal greetings:

Greetings for specific situations

Depending on the context of the letter, there may be specific greeting styles that are appropriate. Here are a few examples of how to greet someone in specific situations:

• Job applications : Use a formal greeting with the recipient’s full name, such as  Dear Hiring Manager Smith,
• Business proposals : Use a formal or semi-formal greeting with the recipient’s full name, such as  Dear Dr. Johnson,  or  Dear Ms. Davis,
• Thank you notes : Use an informal greeting with the recipient’s first name, such as  Hi John,

It’s important to keep in mind that the greeting sets the tone for the entire letter, so choose a greeting that is appropriate for the context and relationship with the recipient. Using the right greeting can help ensure a positive and professional correspondence.

Avoiding Common Greeting Mistakes

When it comes to greeting someone in a professional setting, there are a few common mistakes that people make. Here are some common pitfalls to avoid:

Using incorrect titles or names

It is important to ensure that you are addressing the recipient of your letter correctly. Always double-check the spelling of their name and their professional title. If you are unsure of their title, it is better to ask for clarification than to make assumptions.

Overusing certain phrases like “To Whom It May Concern”

While it may seem like a safe option, overusing certain generic phrases like “To Whom It May Concern” can come across as impersonal and lazy. Instead, try to find out the name of the person you are addressing your letter to.

Misusing informal greetings

When writing to someone in a professional capacity, it is important to use a formal greeting. Avoid using familiar or overly casual phrases like “Hey there” or “What’s up?”.

Other pitfalls to avoid

In addition to the above, there are other common mistakes people make when greeting someone in a professional setting. For example:

• Using overly flowery language
• Launching straight into the body of the letter without a greeting
• Using an inappropriate tone for the situation

By being mindful of these common pitfalls, you can ensure that your letter opening is professional and effective. Remember, the greeting is the first impression you make on the recipient, so it is important to get it right.

Examples of Formal Greetings

When it comes to professional communication, the way you greet your recipient is of utmost importance. A formal greeting sets the tone for the entire message and can help establish your credibility and professionalism. Here are three examples of formal greetings that you can use in different scenarios:

Addressing Government Officials

When writing to government officials, it’s important to be respectful and formal. Use proper titles and avoid using any contractions or slang.

Dear [Title and Last Name],

I am writing to you regarding [purpose of the letter]. As a [position], I am sincerely concerned about [issue] and believe that [proposed solution]. I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss this matter further with you.

Thank you for your time and attention to this matter.

Sincerely, [Your Full Name]

Writing to High-Ranking Executives

When communicating with high-ranking executives, it’s essential to demonstrate your professionalism and respect. You should address them using their proper titles, and avoid using a first-name basis unless invited to do so.

I am writing to you regarding [specific topic or issue]. As a [position or title], I am excited to share with you [purpose of message].

I would be honored to have the opportunity to [action request, meeting, or phone call] at your earliest convenience.

Thank you for your valuable time and consideration.

Respectfully, [Your Full Name]

Addressing Someone You’ve Never Met Before

If you are addressing someone you have never met before, it’s important to start with a formal greeting to establish your professionalism and respect. It’s a good idea to use their proper title, and use “Dear” followed by their full name.

I am writing to you regarding [specific reason for writing]. As an expert in [related field], I believe that [purpose of message].

If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me at [contact information].

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Examples of Semi-Formal Greetings

When it comes to professional correspondence, it’s important to choose the right greeting based on the context of the message. Here are some examples of semi-formal greetings for different situations:

Writing to a Colleague or Business Associate

Dear [Name],

Hello [Name],

Addressing Someone You’ve Met Before But Don’t Know Well

Dear [Title] [Last Name],

Dear [First Name] [Last Name],

Hello [Title] [Last Name],

Hi [First Name],

Greetings for Job Applications

Dear Hiring Manager,

Dear [Company Name] HR Team,

To Whom It May Concern,

When applying for a job, it’s always best to research who will be receiving your application and address them by name if possible. However, if you’re unsure who the right person is, a general greeting like “To Whom It May Concern” will still be appropriate.

Remember, while it’s important to be professional in your greetings, you also want to make sure you’re being friendly and approachable. A well-crafted greeting can help set the tone for the rest of your message, so take the time to choose the right one for every situation.

Examples of Informal Greetings

When it comes to informal letters, it’s important to keep the greeting friendly and personable. Here are some examples of informal greetings that you can use when writing to a friend or family member, or when addressing someone you have a casual relationship with.

Greetings for Personal Letters

• Dear ___________ (insert name),

Writing to a Friend or Family Member

• What’s up,
• How have you been,
• Long time no see,
• It’s been a while,

Addressing Someone You Have a Casual Relationship With

• Good to see you,
• What’s new,

Remember, an informal letter should be relaxed and conversational. Don’t be afraid to use contractions, slang, and a more informal tone to make your writing sound natural and personable. Greet your recipient like a professional with these informal greeting examples.

Using the Right Tone in Your Greetings

The way you greet someone sets the tone for the entire letter, email, or message. It’s important to adjust your tone for different recipients based on your relationship, purpose, and the message you want to convey. Here are some tips on using the right tone in your greetings:

Adjusting your tone for different recipients

• Formal vs. informal: Determine the level of formality that’s appropriate for the occasion and recipient. A formal tone is more suitable for business, academic, or official correspondence, while a casual tone works better for personal, friendly, or casual communication. Avoid being too stiff or too familiar.
• First-time vs. recurring: If you’re introducing yourself for the first time, you want to make a good impression and establish your credibility. Use a polite and respectful tone to show your professionalism and interest. If you’re addressing someone you’ve met before, you can use a more relaxed and friendly tone to build rapport and connection.
• Superior vs. subordinate: If you’re writing to someone who outranks you or has more authority, show a level of deference and respect. Use formal titles, such as “Sir,” “Madam,” or “Dr.,” and avoid being too informal or familiar. If you’re writing to someone who works for you or reports to you, be mindful of your tone and avoid being condescending or rude.

Appropriate use of humor and casual language

Humor and casual language can add personality and warmth to your greetings, but they also carry risks of misinterpretation and offense. Here are some guidelines for using humor and casual language:

• Know your audience: Understand the recipient’s cultural background, sense of humor, and level of familiarity with you. What may seem funny or friendly to you may be inappropriate or offensive to them. Avoid using jokes or slang that may be misunderstood or irrelevant.
• Keep it light: Use humor and casual language sparingly and appropriately. Don’t overwhelm or distract from the main purpose of your message. Avoid using humor or casual language in serious or sensitive topics, such as apologies, reprimands, or condolences.
• Be authentic: Don’t force yourself to use humor or casual language if it’s not your natural style. You don’t have to be funny or witty to be likable or professional. Focus on being clear, concise, and respectful.

Conveying the right level of respect and professionalism

Your greeting should convey the level of respect and professionalism that’s expected or required based on the context and relationship. Here are some tips on conveying the right level of respect and professionalism:

• Use appropriate titles and salutations: Use the recipient’s correct title, such as “Ms.,” “Mr.,” “Dr.,” or “Prof.,” if applicable.

Sample Letter Openings

Whether you’re writing a formal business letter, a cover letter for a job application, or an informal letter to a friend, the opening sets the tone for the entire message. Here are some examples of professional greetings to help you start your letter on the right foot.

Formal Business Letter

Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name,

If you’re writing a formal business letter to a recipient you don’t know personally, use their last name and a formal title such as Mr. or Ms. If you know the recipient’s gender-neutral pronouns, use those instead. For example, “Dear Alex Johnson,” or “Dear Mx. Last Name.”

Cover Letter for a Job Application

In a cover letter for a job application, you want to address the person who will be reading your application. If the job posting doesn’t provide a specific name, “Dear Hiring Manager” is a safe bet. If you do have a name, use the same format as you would for a formal business letter.

Informal Letter to a Friend

When writing an informal letter to a friend, feel free to start with a more casual greeting. “Hey” or “Hi” are appropriate openings. You can also use a nickname or an inside joke if you have a close relationship with the recipient. The tone of the letter should be friendly, so let your personality shine through.

No matter who you’re writing to or what the purpose of your letter is, starting off with a professional and appropriate greeting is key to establishing a positive tone for your message.

Tips for Writing a Memorable Greeting

When it comes to crafting a memorable greeting in a letter, it’s important to add personal touches that make the recipient feel special. One way to accomplish this is by including specific details or anecdotes that show you know the person well.

Another effective technique is to use storytelling to engage the reader and capture their attention. By sharing a brief story or anecdote related to the content of your letter, you can create an emotional connection with the reader and make your message more memorable.

Ultimately, the goal of any letter opening is to make a good first impression. This can often be achieved by using a combination of personal touches and creative writing techniques. So take your time and create a greeting that truly reflects your professionalism and personality.

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Cover Letter for PhD Application: Guide for Writing One & Example From a Real PhD Student

• Klara Cervenanska , 
• Updated March 27, 2023 9 min read

When applying for a PhD research position, you usually need to submit certain documents, including an academic CV and a cover letter for PhD application .

A PhD cover letter, also referred to as an academic cover letter, should be carefully crafted, well-formatted, and contain specific sections.

We'll show you how to do exactly that, along with a sample of an academic cover letter from a real person admitted to a PhD program at Lyon University in France.

And if you're not sure how to go about writing your PhD CV, check out this article: CV for PhD Application: How to Write One Like a True Scholar (+CV Example) .

Table of Contents

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What is an academic cover letter?

What to include in a cover letter for phd application, how to write a cover letter for phd application, how to format an academic cover letter, phd cover letter sample.

An academic cover letter is a document that PhD candidates submit alongside their academic CV when applying for a PhD. 

Essentially, it's a cover letter for a PhD application.

It's not exactly the same as your regular business cover letter. Nor is it the same as a personal statement or a motivation letter .

The purpose of a cover letter for PhD application is to explain to the reader, who's likely a researcher or a professor, what you can contribute to their institution and/or field.

Moreover, in a PhD application cover letter, you should explain why you're a good match for the research position on the program.

Differences between academic cover letter and business cover letter

Both these documents serve different purposes and people use them in different settings:

• Academic cover letter is used when applying for positions in academia — most often for a PhD. More emphasis should be on education, research background and scholarly accomplishments. Moreover, it should explain what your contribution to the institution or field could be. It should also point the reader to your academic CV.
• Regular (business) cover letter is normally used when applying for any kind of job . Hence, more emphasis should be on skills and past experience while being tailored to a specific job position. You should also explain why you're a good fit for the position at the given company. It should point the reader to your resume.

There are also other documents people often mistake for an academic cover letter. These include:

• Motivation letter is especially relevant for fresh graduates when applying to a university, a non-profit organization, or voluntary work. A motivation letter focuses more on your interests and motives for applying.
• Personal statement. Also used in an academic setting. It's always written by an applicant, often a prospective student, applying to college, university, or graduate school. You explain why you've chosen a particular course and why you'd be good at it. Other names include a statement of purpose or a letter of intent .

Like every cover letter, an academic one also needs to include specific elements and content sections. These are:

• Header. Here, provide your contact information, such as your name, address, phone number, and email in the header of the document.
• Formal salutation. In an official letter like this one, you should address the reader in a professional and formal way. If you know who'll be reading your cover letter, go with Dear Dr. [Surname] or Dear Professor [Surname] . If you don't, go with Dear Sir/Madam .
• The specific PhD program or position. Clearly state in your letter which research position you're applying for or the name of the PhD program. A cover letter is usually read before a CV, so you need to make sure everything is clear.
• Your motivation. Explain why you're interested in the specific PhD position — it's one of the key elements you should include.
• Your academic background. Now, we don't mean you should list in detail every single university course you ever took. Instead, focus on the most relevant course for the PhD and describe in detail what you learned, any projects you worked on, why it was interesting (and optionally, what knowledge gap you identified). In this way, you also show a certain level of understanding of the field.
• Your ambition. Briefly mention what your ambitions, intentions, and plans are regarding your contribution to the field when securing your PhD position. How is your research going to enrich the field? How will the institution benefit from it?
• Conclusion. Keep the conclusion short. Contrary to a regular cover letter ending , there's no place for reiterating everything here. Simply thank the reader for your consideration and prompt them to read your academic CV.
• Formal sign-off. Just pick from the usual: Sincerely, Respectfully, Regards... Then throw in your full name in the following line.

And that's all you need to include!

Now, let's take a look at how to write your cover letter step-by-step.

Applying for a PhD will be a lot less stressful if you follow these tips on how to write a cover letter for a research position:

Consider researching the background of the organization, department, ongoing research projects, and their past and current projects. All that before you start writing your cover letter. Knowing these things will help you tailor your letter to the specific PhD opening.

Before you actually start writing, try to sit down and take a moment to think first. Assess how your past experiences helped you prepare for the PhD position and scribble down those that are most relevant and significant for the specific program. These include any research experiences, research projects, courses, or internships.

In the first few sentences of your letter, you need to convey some basic information about yourself and what specific position you're applying for. The opening should also state firmly why you're a strong candidate for the position/program, by using a persuasive and convincing wording. Here's an example: "As an MChem Chemistry graduate with a narrow focus on the sustainable synthesis of biologically active molecules from the University of Dundee, I am excited to apply to a "Synthesis Of Small Molecule Inhibitors Using Enzymes" PhD programme at an institution with such a strong foundation and numerous research groups in this field."

This is the place where you may explore more extensively on the educational journey that brought you here. Set the foundation for demonstrating how your Master's degree and research experience seamlessly translate into the next phase — the PhD program. Emphasize how your thesis contributes to the field's body of knowledge. Mention any other publications that support your thesis. And, if you can, identify any knowledge gaps or topics that can be explored further.

This paragraph provides the opportunity to neatly tie in together everything the reader has learned about you so far. You can show how your previous experience, coupled with what you'll learn during the PhD program, will come together to produce something novel to enrich the field. First, identify the courses or topics within the PhD program that interest you the most and how they relate to you developing your research further. Second, introduce your future research aspirations and goals. Third, point out how this future work will enrich the field and what will the intellectual merit be.

When ending your PhD cover letter, briefly refer your reader to your academic CV and encourage them to examine all of the remaining projects, courses, publications, or references . Finally, thank the reader for their time and consideration and let them know you look forward to hearing from them. Sign off.

Put the letter in a drawer and don't think about it for a day or two. Then, when you read it again, you'll have a fresh pair of eyes to see the cover letter in a new light. Maybe you decide some things are redundant, or you think of something that's more relevant. Or you know, find a typo here and there.

Just like an academic cover letter needs to contain certain content components, the formatting should also align with the structural expectations for this type of document.

How long should a cover letter be? How to finish a cover letter? And what about the cover letter font and spacing?

Here's a recommended academic cover letter format:

• Length. While STEM PhD candidates should aim for half a page to one page, humanities candidates can do 1–2 pages.
• Font. Use one of the classics: Times New Roman, Calibri, or Arial. Just no Comic Sans, we beg you. Keep the size between 10–12 points. Also remember to keep the text clean — no underlining, no bolding, and no color. However, you can use italics if appropriate.
• Spacing. Cover letter spacing isn't complicated. Just single-space your text, make sure there's a space between each paragraph, and leave a space between the concluding paragraph and your formal sign-off.
• Margins. The only rule here is that the margins on your cover letter should match those on your CV.
• Consistence with your CV. Your academic cover letter should match your academic CV in all formatting aspects — including the cover letter font and spacing. For example, Kickresume lets you choose a matching template for your CV and your cover letter, so no need to worry about this.

If the institution provided any instructions for formatting your academic cover letter, don’t get creative and follow their guidelines.

Finally, to help you tie everything we talked about together, here's a cover letter sample from a real person admitted to a PhD program at Lyon University in France.

These things ensured Herrera's cover letter was successful:

• She clearly states her motivation in the opening. In the first two paragraphs, Herrera introduces herself and her motivation to apply for the given PhD program.
• She describes educational and research background thoroughly. The main body of the letter is dedicated to describing Herrera's educational background, research projects, internships, and skills acquired throughout the way.
• She presents research aspirations in the letter. Herrera writes: "I have a history of proven results and profound findings. Given opportunity, I’m confident in my abilities to earn similar ground-breaking results while being part of your team."

Even though this example lacks some of the key elements, such as mentioning the specific PhD program or identifying the topics within the PhD program that interest her the most, this PhD cover letter still managed to impress the University of Lyon.

Lyon University PhD Student Cover Letter Sample

Klara graduated from the University of St Andrews in Scotland. After having written resumes for many of her fellow students, she began writing full-time for Kickresume. Klara is our go-to person for all things related to student or 'no experience resumes'. At the same time, she has written some of the most popular resume advice articles on this blog. Her pieces were featured in multiple CNBC articles. When she's not writing, you'll probably find her chasing dogs or people-watching while sipping on a cup of coffee.

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