cite dissertation in latex

Overleaf for LaTeX Theses & Dissertations: Home

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Tips and tools for writing your LaTeX thesis or dissertation in Overleaf, including templates, managing references , and getting started guides.

Managing References

BibTeX is a file format used for lists of references for LaTeX documents. Many citation management tools support the ability to export and import lists of references in .bib format. Some reference management tools can generate BibTeX files of your library or folders for use in your LaTeX documents.

LaTeX on Wikibooks has a Bibliography Management page.

Find list of BibTeX styles available on Overleaf here

View a video tutorial on how to include a bibliography using BibTeX  here

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How to get started writing your thesis in LaTeX

Writing a thesis or dissertation in LaTeX can be challenging, but the end result is well worth it - nothing looks as good as a LaTeX-produced pdf, and for large documents it's a lot easier than fighting with formatting and cross-referencing in MS Word. Review this video from Overleaf to help you get started writing your thesis in LaTeX, using a standard thesis template from the Overleaf Gallery .

You can upload your own thesis template to the Overleaf Gallery if your university provides a set of LaTeX template files or you may find your university's thesis template already in the Overleaf Gallery.

This video assumes you've used LaTeX before and are familiar with the standard commands (see our other tutorial videos  if not), and focuses on how to work with a large project split over multiple files.

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5-part Guide on How to Write a Thesis in LaTeX

5-part LaTeX Thesis Writing Guide

Part 1: Basic Structure corresponding  video

Part 2: Page Layout corresponding  video

Part 3: Figures, Subfigures and Tables   corresponding video

Part 4: Bibliographies with Biblatex corresponding video

Part 5: Customizing Your Title Page and Abstract corresponding video

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• Last Updated: May 18, 2021 1:57 PM
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Guide to BibTeX Type PhdThesis

BibTeX is a reference management tool that is commonly used in LaTeX documents. The “phdthesis” BibTeX type is used for PhD dissertations or theses. In this guide, we will explain the required and optional fields for the “phdthesis” BibTeX type.

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Required Fields

The “phdthesis” BibTeX type requires the following fields:

• author : The author of the thesis.
• title : The title of the thesis.
• school : The name of the institution that awarded the degree.
• year : The year the degree was awarded.

Optional Fields

In addition to the required fields, the “phdthesis” BibTeX type also has a number of optional fields that can be used to provide additional information. These fields include:

• type : The type of the thesis, such as “PhD thesis” or “Master’s thesis”.
• address : The location of the institution.
• month : The month the thesis was submitted.
• note : Any additional information about the thesis.

Here is an example of how to use the “phdthesis” BibTeX type:

In this example, the BibTeX entry defines a PhD thesis authored by John Smith titled “An Analysis of Example”. The degree was awarded in 2022 by the University of Example, and the thesis was submitted in June in Example City, CA. The type of the thesis is specified as “PhD thesis”, and a note is included that provides a URL for the thesis.

Overleaf for Scholarly Writing & Publication: LaTeX Theses and Dissertations

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• LaTeX Theses and Dissertations

LaTeX Theses and Dissertatons

Tips and tools for writing your LaTeX thesis or dissertation in  Overleaf, including templates, managing references , and getting started guides.

Managing References

BibTeX  is a file format used for lists of references for  LaTeX  documents. Many citation management tools support the ability to export and import lists of references in .bib format. Some reference management tools can generate  BibTeX  files of your library or folders for use in your  LaTeX  documents.

LaTeX on Wikibooks   has a  Bibliography Management  page.

Find list of BibTeX styles available on Overleaf   here

View a video tutorial on how to include a bibliography using BibTeX  here

Collaborate with Overleaf

Collaboration tools

Every project you create has a secret link. Just send it to your co-authors, and they can review, comment and edit. Overleaf synchronizes changes from all authors, so everyone always has the latest version. More advanced tools include protected projects and integration with Git.

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Getting Started with Your Thesis or Dissertation

How to get started writing your thesis in LaTeX

Writing a thesis or dissertation in LaTeX can be challenging, but the end result is well worth it - nothing looks as good as a LaTeX-produced pdf, and for large documents it's a lot easier than fighting with formatting and cross-referencing in MS Word. Review this video from Overleaf to help you get started writing your thesis in LaTeX, using a standard thesis template from the  Overleaf Gallery .

You can  upload your own thesis template to the Overleaf Gallery   if your university provides a set of LaTeX template files or you may find your university's thesis template already in the Overleaf Gallery.

This video assumes you've used LaTeX before and are familiar with the standard commands (see our other  tutorial videos   if not), and focuses on how to work with a large project split over multiple files.

How to Write your Thesis/Dissertation in LaTeX: A Five-Part Guide

Five-Part LaTeX Thesis/Dissertation  Writing Guide

Part 1: Basic Structure   corresponding  video

Part 2: Page Layout   corresponding  video

Part 3: Figures, Subfigures and Tables   corresponding  video

Part 4: Bibliographies with Biblatex  corresponding  video

Part 5: Customizing Your Title Page and Abstract   corresponding  video

Link Your ORCID

Link yo ur  ORCiD  account  to your  Overleaf account  via the  ORCID @ CMU Portal

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LaTeX Resources for Graduate Students: Formatting of theses and dissertations

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• Sample LaTeX file with bibliography
• Sample LaTeX file without bibliography
• Formatting of theses and dissertations

Formatting and structure

The Cornell Graduate School has become increasingly flexible about the formatting of theses and dissertations.  There now are only seven core requirements . For the structure of theses and dissertations here is a list of required and recommended sections .

Latex template

Among the available thesis and dissertation templates provided by the Graduate School is also a LaTeX template (ZIP archive). This template has been uploaded to Overleaf and placed in the Cornell template directory . This template contains a small fix to avoid an error message about \ifpdf .

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• Last Updated: Oct 25, 2022 5:12 PM
• URL: https://guides.library.cornell.edu/latex

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Guide to Writing Your Thesis in LaTeX

Frequently asked questions, 1. general use, 1.1 how can i use single-spacing, 2. bibliography and references.

2.1 My bibliography or list of references is missing. 2.2 How do I refer to a web page in a bibliographic reference? 2.3 How do I include a source in the bibliography, but not specifically reference it in the thesis?

3. Submitting to the Graduate School

3.1 How do I add my name to the short abstract for the dissertation? 3.2 How do I add typed signatures to the electronic copy?

4. Package information

4.1 What packages are not compatible with this class? 4.2 What does the hyperref package do? 4.3 What options should be used with the hyperref package?

You can use single-spacing with the \singlespace command. There is also a \doublespace command if needed to restore the default spacing. Note that single-spacing is only allowed in a few contexts. See the Graduate School documentation for details.

2.1 My bibliography or list of references is missing.

Run the script genbib.bat

2.2 How do I refer to a web page in a bibliographic reference?

Use the Electronic type in your references.bib file.

2.3 How do I include a source in the bibliography, but not specifically reference it in the thesis?

Use the \nocite{} command. This works the same as the \cite{} command, but will only include the reference in the bibliography, not in the list of references.

3.1 How do I add my name to the short abstract for the dissertation?

Use the command

at the top of your abstract.tex file.

3.2 How do I add typed signatures to the electronic copy?

Add the options electronic to the documentclass command, as in

then make sure the \signature{} and \deansignature{} statements are correct in the file thesis.tex .

4.1 What packages are not compatible with this class?

The only known incompatible package is chapterbib by Donald Arseneau. The reason for this incompatibility is that the support for references at the end of each chapter comes from inserting code from this package into appropriate places in the urithesis class file.

4.2 What does the hyperref package do?

When using pdflatex to create a pdf version of the thesis, the hyperref package will do the following:

• create a pdf table of contents in the pdf document
• all citations and references in the thesis will be hyperlinks that will go to the referenced equation, figure, bibliographic citation, etc…
• the table of contents in the thesis will be hyperlinks to the corresponding section in the thesis

4.3 What options should be used with the hyperref package?

• pdfborder={0 0 0} – this option makes the boxes that would appear around hyperlinks in the pdf document white, therefore they will be invisible
• plainpages=false – this option says to use the page numbers as they appear on the pages, instead of the Arabic equivalent. This will make the roman page numbers in the preliminary material have different numbers from the chapters of the thesis.
• pdfpagelabels – this option puts the page number as it appears on the page in the pdf file, therefore the first page of the first chapter will be page 1.

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Adding and formatting citations for your UF dissertation (using Overleaf / LaTex)

Picking my format.

First off, forgive me in general if I’m using any of the terms here incorrectly. My only goal in these dissertation posts is to chronicle *one* way that *works* for formatting a University of Florida dissertation using LaTex (instead of Microsoft Word). As described previously , I’m using the UF Overleaf template for formatting my dissertation. In this post, I’ll discuss the way that I formatted my bibliography.

First off, I needed to decide how to format my references. UF requires that you submit a journal article that you used as a model when formatting your references:

So, I used Frontiers formatting as a model for several reasons:

• First, I have several papers in Frontiers journals already, and so I am familiar with their formatting. Also, this means I can just submit one of my previous papers as the ‘model paper’ to UF.
• Second, I plan to submit at least 1-2 of the papers in my dissertation to Frontiers journals, so it’s useful to already have the intended citation formatting going.
• Third, Frontiers has, in my opinion, a nice in-text (author, date) format, and a nice APA-like reference list format.
• Fourth, and most importantly, I knew off-the-bat that Frontiers has LaTex templates . This was critical. This means I didn’t have to do any extra digging to figure out how to set up a Frontiers-style bibliography formatting file. I could just download the relevant Frontiers files from their website. While these did end up needing a tiny bit of tweaking, this was much easier than starting from scratch, or editing other style files more significantly.

So, I decided to use my paper ( Hupfeld et al., 2020; Front. Syst. Neurosc i ) as the model paper. Here are a few example article citations from my paper:

The few big take-aways of this formatting : -Uses et al. if >6 authors -Spells out the word “and” instead of “&” sign for linking the last two authors -Abbreviates journal names -Includes the DOI

Thus, when setting up my LaTex bibliography, I made sure that the resulting formatting identically matched each of these points. You can also see here for more specifics from Frontiers regarding their reference list style.

Inputting references into your LaTex bibliography on Overleaf

Next, I hopped back to my dissertation Overleaf file, and spent a bit of time teasing out the documentation regarding reference lists. I started by understanding which file(s) I would need to input my actual references.

First off, there was a file included in my Overleaf package called bibliography.tex . You can delete this file . This is an old file that does references differently, as explained in the header comment. It is not needed for proceeding. (I verified this by changing its name; my PDF still compiles in the identical way, with no new errors with or without this file.)

Then, head to sample.bib . This is your bibliography file. It already contains some examples of how you should input bibliography information for each reference. Although note that here, I’ve also inputted a DOI line because this will be required for my Frontiers-style formatting.

This is where you’ll continue to add more and more references as you write your dissertation. Note that you don’t need to manually type out these things. If you find a paper on Google Scholar, simply hit the quote button to pull up citation options, followed by the BibTex button .

Clicking BibTex will route you to a page with only the relevant information, already formatted as you will need it:

However, do note that this Google Scholar BibTex formatting doesn’t seem to include DOI. Thus, if you’re using a reference style that needs DOI, you may have to grab that on your own, or using a BibTex formatting link from the journal’s website instead of Google Scholar. I’ll update if I find a more efficient way to grab DOIs.

This is essentially it, then, for adding references to your Overleaf file to be able to cite them. Head to sample.bib (though you could rename this file whatever you’d like). Copy-paste in a BibTex-style reference from Google Scholar. Repeat this for all of your citations. Again, will update if I specifically implement a more efficient way to do this (e.g., if you’ve previously worked on a paper in LaTex, you can just copy-paste or copy in that BibTex-style bibliography; there’s also likely ways to export other papers’ bibliographies in BibTex format, though I haven’t played with that yet).

Also, do note that you may want to manually edit several things in your BibTex citations:

• Journal name formatting : you’re probably going to just want to manually edit the journal name if it doesn’t already contain the capitalization you want, or the name abbreviation you want.
• DOI : as stated previously, if using a format with DOI, you’re probably going to need to add that yourself if pulling your BibTex citations from Google Scholar.

Downloading and setting up the *.bst file

Now comes the ‘fun’ part of figuring out how to get your reference list inserted into your Overleaf file properly.

First, you’ll need a reference formatting file, called a *.bst file . The UF Overleaf template already came with a few of these (see the bst folder in your Overleaf project). However, (as described in their comments in the main.tex file), you’ll want one specific to your model journal article.

So, heeding their advice, I headed to the Frontiers website and downloaded their LaTex template folder.

This folder contained exactly what I was looking for — a Frontiers *.bst file . Specifically, I decided to use the frontiersinSCNS_ENG_HUMS.bst to match my model journal article (“ For articles in Science, Engineering and Humanities and Social Sciences domains “).

Next, I simply made a blank file in the bst folder of my Overleaf project, called frontiersinSCNS_ENG_HUMS.bst. In this file, I just copy-pasted in the entirety of the content in the frontiersinSCNS_ENG_HUMS.bst file from the Frontiers LaTex template folder.

Then, I uncommented this *.bst file in my main.tex file, to let my project know that I wanted to use this formatting, instead of the other available formatting options.

Calling your reference list in your dissertation file

Now, the test! We have the reference list (*.bib) and formatting (*.bst) all set up — but we still need to integrate this all into the actual dissertation file, so that both the in-text references and the reference list show up as we expect.

First, call your *.bib file in main.tex . I renamed sample.bib to ref_list.bib, so I need to call ref_list in my main.tex file.

This should now populate a reference list at the end of your document. In my case, I still had the template’s introduction, which contains a few references, so these now populate — in Frontiers format — in my reference list at the end of my document.

To add new citations in-text, see your *.bst file. (At least this was the case for the file I downloaded from Frontiers — they spelled out everything very nicely for me within the *.bst file.)

After reviewing it, for me, I’ll probably primarily use two of these options for calling my references in-text: \citep and \citet. For example:

This yields the intended output:

Note as well the ‘key’ you need to call the article. This is the first line of your BibTex file (e.g., strickler1998contamination). I think of this as a nickname for each article. You can change them to be whatever you’d like after you grab the BibTex citation for each reference. I’m calling each reference something that makes sense to me personally, which makes for super easy citing as I work through all of my writing.

Finally, if you want to cite more than one article , you just need a comma between the calls for the 2+ citations:

Tweaking your *.bst formatting

Lastly, in checking how my reference list matched up with my model article, I noticed two (small) differences I wanted to fix.

First, my model article has a space between the colon following ‘doi’ and the start of the doi. My outputted reference did not. Second, for some reason the doi was written in a different font than the rest of the citation, which looked sloppy.

Both of these were easy fixes after I probed a little. I went into my *.bst file to the doi formatting lines, which start at line 1538 in my file. To fix the first issue, I just added a space between doi: and \discretionary…, as shown below.

To fix the second issue, I had to play a bit more. Ultimately what worked was described in this tex Stack Exchange post . I just had to change \urlstyle{rm} to \urlstyle{sf} in line 1541. Thus, my updated *.bst file code looked like this:

And my fixed citation in my reference list looked like this:

This reference now nicely matches those examples at the top of the page from my Frontiers paper; for instance, here is a screenshot of a reference from my model paper:

Adding your reference list to the table of contents

In my version of the UF LaTex dissertation template, their call to add ‘references’ to the table of contents didn’t appear to work. At least when I compile their template, the reference list (which comes after everything else, but before the biosketch) is not listed:

Exploring the *.cls file, they tried to add the reference list to the TOC, but this approach does not work for the BibTex reference list (whereas this line does work for other ‘extra chapter’ sections like the biosketch, where we want them in the TOC, but we don’t want to assign them a chapter number). My guess is that this did work for the previous iteration of the template where they note that BibTex wasn’t used, and they do note that BibTex integration isn’t complete in this template, so that’s fair that it’s not working at 100% here. Here’s how they tried to pipe in the reference list to the TOC as an extra chapter:

This took a decent bit of Googling and playing around, but here’s a fix that worked for me. No promises that this is the “most correct” fix, but it worked, which was my sole goal. In main.tex , I added the following two lines before the bibliography call:

I also commented out the above line in the *.cls file, although this doesn’t seem to make a difference in the compiled file. Note that this only worked when I put these two lines in the main.tex file, but not if I added them into the *.cls file instead. Also note that I edited the StackExchange code to say ‘extrachapter’ instead of ‘chapter’ because I didn’t want the reference list to be a numbered chapter.

That’s all for now! Will update if any other tips or fixes I encounter as I continue working on my dissertation.

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/* bitsilla ~ weaving code */

LaTeX Tips for your Dissertation or Project Write-up

I see many students who struggle with LaTeX write-ups and who burn in typesetting hell for their mortal sins (hanging lists, anyone?).  This post will focus on some of the more sophisticated details to publish a perfectly set document.  This post is the first of a two-part series; focusing on LaTeX hints.  The second part will focus on the actual write-up/content.

Without further ado, these are the tips:

• First things first, you need a proper dissertation/thesis template .  A good template will guide you a long way, showing you how to organize your work in terms of files and folders
• Do not edit the original template, your own customizations should be in your own main  .tex file
• Your submission should compile ( pdflatex ), and obvious warnings fixed (these may affect your document in subtle ways).  Some warnings (e.g. underfull ) are harder to fix, and nine times out of ten may be safely ignored.  Others are easier to fix (e.g. bibtex), and should be sorted out
• Remember the typesetting dogma: If it doesn’t look good — it needs fixing! (doh!)
• Compile small units (comment out any \include statements which you are not working on).  This will save you a ton of time in the long run
• Use a version control (e.g. git), with a LaTeX specific ignore file .  Make sure to not commit platform specific files, e.g. .DS_Store
• All .tex / .bib files for each chapter should go under their own directory (as shown in the above template)
• Figures should go under subdirectory images in the root folder.  Here, too, you should use subdirectories for each chapter to organize your work
• Use proper sectioning/subsectioning/subsubsectioning commands.  These allow you to organize your work and make it easier for an examiner/reader to follow
• Bibliographic entries do not need url (for some entry types, e.g. article ), eprint , DOI , pdf , keywords or abstract keys.  The important thing is to make sure all the references are consistent with each other
• If you have an online resource in your bibliography you then need the url (but not for papers) and last accessed timestamp
• For references use BibTeX in (one or more) separate .bib files. Do reference manually!
• Ideally, you use some reference management software such as Zotero or Mendeley. These tools export to BibTeX
• For more BibTeX tips run texdoc bibtex on Linux
• A good key for BibTeX entries is the first author surname (all lowercase) followed by the year of publication, e.g. Ebejer2019 .  If you have two or more of these suffix with a, b, c etc.
• It is the bibliography style file that determines which fields of a given .bib entry are shown, but heed the BibTeX warnings
• Take note of capitalization in .bib entries.  Downloading BiBTeX entries from Cite this  links on journals will inevitably lead to inconsistencies. Use curly brackets to keep letters in publication title, e.g. {C}apitalized.
• Take note of accents in .bib entries.  Also make sure accents in names are correctly typeset, e.g. Sch \" {u}tze .
• Page ranges in .bib entries should be en-dash, i.e. -- .   In LaTeX you should realize the difference between hyphen ( - ), en-dash ( -- ) and em-dash ( --- ) and how, and where, they are used
• Bibliographic entries should have consistent keys (e.g. AuthorYYYY)
• Make sure your references are not duplicated.  Fix all BibTeX warnings.  Ideally, you use some software (e,g, JabRef) to organize your bibliography (sorts entries, uses abbreviations for journals etc.)
• Use a non-breaking space between a Figure, Table, or Equation and its number, e.g. Figure~\ref{fig:jp}
• Make sure to index important keywords in your entry (look here for details on how to do this). Multi-page index entries should have paired start and end delimiters
• Index entries should be human (not a machine!) readable, with proper capitalizations (for section titles)
• Index entries must be meaningful (e.g. overview is not a good index entry, overview of what??)
• Do not, for the love of any of your gods, hardcode spaces and line breaks in your document.  The template should typeset your document, don’t fight it
• Understand the difference between \citet (reference in text) and \citep (reference in brackets).  So “ \citet{ebejer2019} propose that […]” but “[…] is an optimization applied when alpha is zero \citep{ebejer2019} .”
• Use one \citep command even for multiple citations, e.g. \citep{ebejer2019, pace2020}
• Do not hardcode author names ever — always use \citep or \citet commands
• Do not hardcode chapter, section, figure, table, equation numbers. Use \label and \ref.
• For \label identifiers use a constant prefix for the entity you want to refer to. Examples of good labels are: chap:results, sec:background, fig:auc, tab:timings, and eq:bayes.
• The punctuation for the sentence goes after the parenthesis of a citation
• Do not use double quotes character ” or fancy single quotes character. In LaTeX to get double quotes use “this”. For single quotes use `this’
• LaTeX adds spacing after periods, but you don’t want this after common abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al.). To tell LaTeX this is not the end of a sentence, mark the space with a backslash –e.g.\ this entry.
• URLs should be typeset in \url, typically in footnotes (i.e. \footnote{\url{…}})
• You should use linebreaks (\\, \newline), page breaks and \noindent sparingly. Again, the template should take care of the typesetting for you
• No hanging statements at bottom of page (e.g. The operations which take place are the following: with a list at the top of the next page). Use pagebreak hints to avoid this \pagebreak[1].  Note the number (0 to 4) in square brackets (that is how badly you want the space).  The higher the number, the more insistent the request
• Sometimes a chapter ends with a few words on a new page (a hanging sentence).  This looks silly and is a waste of your (page) real estate.  You can enlarge a single page to stop this from happening using \enlargethispage{\baselineskip}.   Note that \baselineskip is the amount by which you want to enlarge the page; more specifically the minimum space between the bottom of two successive lines in a paragraph
• No text operators (e.g. \textbf{…}) inside maths environments (e.g. equation or $…$)
• Do not use above or below in your text, as things may move around and there is no above (on top of page) or below (at end of page). Always use sectioning and internal references (i.e. \ref)
• In between supervisor feedback loops, when you go through various iterations of each chapter it is a good idea to use a tool like latexdiff .  This will highlight just the differences between versions, reducing correction time.  Also note that after your viva-voce, you may be given corrections that need to be highlighted.  This tool is a good way to annotate the differences between the final and the submitted (uncorrected) version
• For figures and tables use the short caption; e.g. \caption[Short LoF Caption]{Long, detailed caption} . This is to avoid clutter in the list of figures/tables.
• Check out this guide for making beautiful LaTeX tables.

Do you have more hints and tips for the budding dissertation writer?  If so drop me a comment, an email or a tweet.

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3 responses to “latex tips for your dissertation or project write-up”.

This is a fantastic little article. I’ve been writing with LaTeX for a few years and like to revisit the best practices, and got a good refresher from this. If I may, I’d recommend the following package: siunitx (for tabular alignment as well). I don’t see it mentioned as often as it should, and it has been a game changer for me.

A great little “hack” to comment out large blocks of code, shown as […], is: \iffalse […] \fi

Thank you! This and the template on Overleaf is just what I needed with just over a month until submission

Eternally grateful 😀

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How to Write a Thesis in LaTeX (Part 1): Basic Structure

Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5

Author: Josh Cassidy (August 2013)

This five-part series of articles uses a combination of video and textual descriptions to teach the basics of writing a thesis using LaTeX. These tutorials were first published on the original ShareLateX blog site during August 2013; consequently, today's editor interface (Overleaf) has changed considerably due to the development of ShareLaTeX and the subsequent merger of ShareLaTeX and Overleaf. However, much of the content is still relevant and teaches you some basic LaTeX—skills and expertise that will apply across all platforms.

Your thesis could be the longest and most complicated document you'll ever write, which is why it's such a good idea to use L a T e X instead of a common word processor. L a T e X makes tasks that are difficult and awkward in word processors, far simpler.

When writing something like a thesis its worth splitting up the document into multiple .tex files. It's also wise to organise the project using folders; therefore, we'll create two new folders, one for all the images used in the project and one for all the .tex files making up the main body of the thesis.

• 1 The preamble
• 2 The frontmatter
• 3 The main body
• 4 The endmatter
• 5 All articles in this series

The preamble

In this example, the main.tex file is the root document and is the .tex file that will draw the whole document together. The first thing we need to choose is a document class. The article class isn't designed for writing long documents (such as a thesis) so we'll choose the report class, but we could also choose the book class.

We can also change the font size by adding square brackets into the \documentclass command and specifying the size—we'll choose 12pt. Let's also prepare the document for images by loading the graphicx package. We'll also need to tell L a T e X where to look for the images using the \graphicspath command, as we're storing them in a separate folder.

The start of our preamble now looks like this:

Now we can finish off the preamble by filling in the title, author and date information. To create the simplest title page we can add the thesis title, institution name and institution logo all into the \title command; for example:

This isn't the best way to alter the title page so we'll look at more elaborate ways of customising title pages later on in the series, but this will suffice for now.

This is what the \maketitle command now produces for us:

The frontmatter

After the title page we need to add in an abstract, dedication, declaration and acknowledgements section. We can add each of these in on separate pages using unnumbered chapters. To do this we use the \chapter command and add an asterisk. After these sections we'll add a table of contents using the \tableofcontents command:

The main body

Now for the main body of the document. In this example we will add-in five chapters, one of which will be an introduction and another will be a conclusion. However, instead of just composing these chapters in the main .tex file, we'll create a separate .tex file for each chapter in the chapters folder. We can then fill in these chapters with text remembering to split them up into sections and subsections.

Then to add these chapters into the document, we use the \input command in the root document. Remember to add in chapters/ before the file name so that L a T e X knows where to find it.

The endmatter

We will now add in an appendix at the end of the document. To do this we use the \appendix command to tell L a T e X that what follows are appendices. Again We'll write the appendix in a separate file and then input it.

If we now compile the document, all our chapters will be added to the document and the table of contents will be automatically generated.

Now we have a basic structure for a thesis set up. In the next post I will show you how to change the page layout and add headers.

All articles in this series

• Part 1: Basic Structure ;
• Part 2: Page Layout ;
• Part 3: Figures, Subfigures and Tables ;
• Part 4: Bibliographies with BibLaTeX ;
• Part 5: Customising Your Title Page and Abstract .
• Documentation Home
• Learn LaTeX in 30 minutes

Overleaf guides

• Creating a document in Overleaf
• Uploading a project
• Copying a project
• Creating a project from a template
• Using the Overleaf project menu
• Including images in Overleaf
• Exporting your work from Overleaf
• Working offline in Overleaf
• Using Track Changes in Overleaf
• Using bibliographies in Overleaf
• Sharing your work with others
• Using the History feature
• Debugging Compilation timeout errors
• How-to guides
• Guide to Overleaf’s premium features

LaTeX Basics

• Creating your first LaTeX document
• Choosing a LaTeX Compiler
• Paragraphs and new lines
• Bold, italics and underlining

Mathematics

• Mathematical expressions
• Subscripts and superscripts
• Brackets and Parentheses
• Fractions and Binomials
• Aligning equations
• Spacing in math mode
• Integrals, sums and limits
• Display style in math mode
• List of Greek letters and math symbols
• Mathematical fonts
• Using the Symbol Palette in Overleaf

Figures and tables

• Inserting Images
• Positioning Images and Tables
• Lists of Tables and Figures
• Drawing Diagrams Directly in LaTeX
• TikZ package

References and Citations

• Bibliography management with bibtex
• Bibliography management with natbib
• Bibliography management with biblatex
• Bibtex bibliography styles
• Natbib bibliography styles
• Natbib citation styles
• Biblatex bibliography styles
• Biblatex citation styles
• Multilingual typesetting on Overleaf using polyglossia and fontspec
• Multilingual typesetting on Overleaf using babel and fontspec
• International language support
• Quotations and quotation marks

Document structure

• Sections and chapters
• Table of contents
• Cross referencing sections, equations and floats
• Nomenclatures
• Management in a large project
• Multi-file LaTeX projects
• Lengths in L a T e X
• Headers and footers
• Page numbering
• Paragraph formatting
• Line breaks and blank spaces
• Text alignment
• Page size and margins
• Single sided and double sided documents
• Multiple columns
• Code listing
• Code Highlighting with minted
• Using colours in LaTeX
• Margin notes
• Font sizes, families, and styles
• Font typefaces
• Supporting modern fonts with X Ǝ L a T e X

Presentations

• Environments

Field specific

• Theorems and proofs
• Chemistry formulae
• Feynman diagrams
• Molecular orbital diagrams
• Chess notation
• Knitting patterns
• CircuiTikz package
• Pgfplots package
• Typesetting exams in LaTeX
• Attribute Value Matrices

Class files

• Understanding packages and class files
• List of packages and class files
• Writing your own package
• Writing your own class

Advanced TeX/LaTeX

• In-depth technical articles on TeX/LaTeX

Have you checked our knowledge base ?

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BibTeX phdthesis template

The phdthesis entry type is intended to be used for a PhD thesis.

Minimal template

Minimal template with required fields only for a BibTeX phdthesis entry.

Full template

Full template including required and optional fields for a BibTeX phdthesis entry.

Keine Suchergebnisse

• Biblatex citation styles
• 1 Introduction and example
• 2 Citation styles
• 3 Further reading

Introduction and example

Biblatex provides numerous citation styles but if no citation style is set L a T e X uses the one that matches the bibliography style . Here is a minimal example showing use of the biblatex parameter style=alphabetic to set the citation style to alphabetic .

 Open this example in Overleaf (the sample.bib file is created for you).

This example produces the following output:

Citation styles

Standard citation styles include:

• numeric Implements a numeric citation scheme intended for in-text citations. Should be employed in conjunction with the numeric bibliography style .
• numeric-comp Compact variant of the numeric mode. Citations like [1, 2, 3] are replaced by [1-3] .
• numeric-verb Verbose variant of the numeric style. Instead of [2, 5, 7] will print [2];[5];[7] .
• alphabetic Alphabetic citation scheme similar to the standard alpha in style bibtex . To be used in conjunction with the alphabetic bibliography style.
• alphabetic-verb Verbose version of the alphabetic style. Instead of [Doe98, Doe95, Farn2004] will print [Doe98];[Doe95];[Farn2004] .
• authoryear Implements the author-year citation scheme. To be used in conjunction with the author-year bibliography style.
• authoryear-comp Compact variant of the authoryear style. Prints the author only once if subsequent references passed to a single citation command share the same author. Prints Doe 1992, 1995 instead of Doe 1992, Doe 1995 .
• authoryear-ibid A variant of the authoryear intended for footnote citations. Replaces repeated citations by the abbreviation ibidem .
• authoryear-icomp A style combining the features of authoryear-comp and authoryear-ibid
• authortitle Implements the author-title scheme. Intended for citations given in footnotes.
• authortitle-comp Compact variant of authortitle . Instead of Doe, First title; Doe, Second title this will print Doe, First title, Second title .
• authortitle-ibid A variant of the authortitle intended for footnote citations. Replaces repeated citations by the abbreviation ibidem .
• authortitle-icomp A style combining authortitle-comp and authortitle-ibid .
• authortitle-terse Variant of authoritle that only prints the title if the bibliography contains more than one work of the respective author/editor.
• authortitle-tcomp Style combining authortitle-terse and authortitle-comp .
• authortitle-ticomp Style combining authortitle-icomp and authortitle-terse .
• verbose Citation style that prints a full citation when the entry is cited for the first time and a short version afterwards.
• reading Citation style that goes with the bibliography style by the same name. Loads the authortitle style.

There are other non-standard citation styles popular in different journals and thesis

• American Chemical Society (ACS) style
• American Institute of Physics (AIP) style
• American Mathematical Society (AMS) style
• Vancouver system
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) style
• Nature style
• Science style
• Chicago Style
• Harvard referencing style
• American Psychological Association (APA) style

(*) this is a new style, see http://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex-phys

Further reading

For more information see

• Bibliography management in LaTeX
• Biblatex bibliography styles
• Biblatex package documentation
• Table of contents
• Management in a large project
• Documentation Home
• Learn LaTeX in 30 minutes

Overleaf guides

• Creating a document in Overleaf
• Uploading a project
• Copying a project
• Creating a project from a template
• Using the Overleaf project menu
• Including images in Overleaf
• Exporting your work from Overleaf
• Working offline in Overleaf
• Using Track Changes in Overleaf
• Using bibliographies in Overleaf
• Sharing your work with others
• Using the History feature
• Debugging Compilation timeout errors
• How-to guides
• Guide to Overleaf’s premium features

LaTeX Basics

• Creating your first LaTeX document
• Choosing a LaTeX Compiler
• Paragraphs and new lines
• Bold, italics and underlining

Mathematics

• Mathematical expressions
• Subscripts and superscripts
• Brackets and Parentheses
• Fractions and Binomials
• Aligning equations
• Spacing in math mode
• Integrals, sums and limits
• Display style in math mode
• List of Greek letters and math symbols
• Mathematical fonts
• Using the Symbol Palette in Overleaf

Figures and tables

• Inserting Images
• Positioning Images and Tables
• Lists of Tables and Figures
• Drawing Diagrams Directly in LaTeX
• TikZ package

References and Citations

• Bibliography management with bibtex
• Bibliography management with natbib
• Bibliography management with biblatex
• Bibtex bibliography styles
• Natbib bibliography styles
• Natbib citation styles
• Multilingual typesetting on Overleaf using polyglossia and fontspec
• Multilingual typesetting on Overleaf using babel and fontspec
• International language support
• Quotations and quotation marks

Document structure

• Sections and chapters
• Cross referencing sections, equations and floats
• Nomenclatures
• Multi-file LaTeX projects
• Lengths in L a T e X
• Headers and footers
• Page numbering
• Paragraph formatting
• Line breaks and blank spaces
• Text alignment
• Page size and margins
• Single sided and double sided documents
• Multiple columns
• Code listing
• Code Highlighting with minted
• Using colours in LaTeX
• Margin notes
• Font sizes, families, and styles
• Font typefaces
• Supporting modern fonts with X Ǝ L a T e X

Presentations

• Environments

Field specific

• Theorems and proofs
• Chemistry formulae
• Feynman diagrams
• Molecular orbital diagrams
• Chess notation
• Knitting patterns
• CircuiTikz package
• Pgfplots package
• Typesetting exams in LaTeX
• Attribute Value Matrices

Class files

• Understanding packages and class files
• List of packages and class files
• Writing your own package
• Writing your own class

Advanced TeX/LaTeX

• In-depth technical articles on TeX/LaTeX

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武汉大学本科毕业论文 LaTeX 模版 2024

Hong-WJ/whu-thesis-2024

Folders and files, repository files navigation, 武汉大学毕业论文 latex 模板.

本项目为武汉大学本科毕业论文 LaTeX 模板，基于WHUTUG的模板 武汉大学毕业论文 LaTeX 模版 进行了修改以符合计算机学院2024的格式要求

已更新Overleaf模板： whu-thesis-2024 - Overleaf, Online LaTeX Editor

**注意, Overleaf 模板中目前需手动将导师参数头advisor改为advisor-name **

* 由于模板更新频繁，请确保使用 whu-thesis 的最新版本，并在使用之前将所有宏包更新至最新。

根据 《武汉大学本科生毕业论文（设计）书写印制规范》 、 武汉大学博士学位论文撰写及印制规格的规定 、 武汉大学硕士学位论文印制规定 编写，力求合规，简洁，易于实现，用户友好。

正文样例可以参照 whu-thesis-demo

开题报告样例可以参照 opening-demo

使用前请阅读 使用文档

推荐两种方式进行编辑和编译：

Overleaf 在线编译

本地编译需要安装 TeX 发行版软件, 具体可参见 本地安装使用指南

Overleaf 是一个简洁的在线 LaTeX 编辑器。无需安装，实时共享，版本控制。该模板支持了 Overleaf 的在线编辑，可以从上面的模板链接直接创建自己的项目。

使用该模板时，需要设置 XeLaTeX 或 LuaLaTeX 为编译器，具体步骤请查看 Overleaf 在线编辑

关于模板使用、参考文献引用等常见问题请移步 Wiki

如果在使用中发现 bug ，或遇到了「 与预期效果不一致 」的情况，请按照以下步骤操作：

• 阅读学校的 书写印制规范文件 ，判断是否符合要求；
• 前往项目 Wiki 查看相关说明；
• 将 TeX 发行版和宏包升级到最新，并且将模板升级到 Github 上最新版本，查看问题是否已经修复；
• 在 GitHub Issues 中搜索该问题的关键词；
• 提出新的 Issue ，并说明系统、TeX 版本、出现的问题等关键信息， 如果信息不全、语焉不详，您可能将不会得到很好的解答 。

如果只是「 如何使用 」上的问题，可以前往 Discussions 进行讨论；其他问题，请尽量提供完整信息，在 Issues 区提出。

• 关于认真做好2024届本科生毕业论文（设计）答辩工作的通知
• 支持打印模式、课程报告模式。

欢迎提交 Pull Request。

• bsThesisWHU
• HUSTPaperTemp
• TJU-thesis-template
• xdba-thesis
• NEUBachelorThesis