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Advanced Placement (AP)

If you're planning to take the AP Language (or AP Lang) exam , you might already know that 55% of your overall exam score will be based on three essays. The first of the three essays you'll have to write on the AP Language exam is called the "synthesis essay." If you want to earn full points on this portion of the AP Lang Exam, you need to know what a synthesis essay is and what skills are assessed by the AP Lang synthesis essay.

In this article, we'll explain the different aspects of the AP Lang synthesis essay, including what skills you need to demonstrate in your synthesis essay response in order to achieve a good score. We'll also give you a full breakdown of a real AP Lang Synthesis Essay prompt, provide an analysis of an AP Lang synthesis essay example, and give you four tips for how to write a synthesis essay.

Let's get started by taking a closer look at how the AP Lang synthesis essay works!

Synthesis Essay AP Lang: What It Is and How It Works

The AP Lang synthesis essay is the first of three essays included in the Free Response section of the AP Lang exam.

The AP Lang synthesis essay portion of the Free Response section lasts for one hour total . This hour consists of a recommended 15 minute reading period and a 40 minute writing period. Keep in mind that these time allotments are merely recommendations, and that exam takers can parse out the allotted 60 minutes to complete the synthesis essay however they choose.

Now, here's what the structure of the AP Lang synthesis essay looks like. The exam presents six to seven sources that are organized around a specific topic (like alternative energy or eminent domain, which are both past synthesis exam topics).

Of these six to seven sources, at least two are visual , including at least one quantitative source (like a graph or pie chart, for example). The remaining four to five sources are print text-based, and each one contains approximately 500 words.

In addition to six to seven sources, the AP Lang exam provides a written prompt that consists of three paragraphs. The prompt will briefly explain the essay topic, then present a claim that students will respond to in an essay that synthesizes material from at least three of the sources provided.

Here's an example prompt provided by the College Board:

Directions : The following prompt is based on the accompanying six sources.

This question requires you to integrate a variety of sources into a coherent, well-written essay. Refer to the sources to support your position; avoid mere paraphrase or summary. Your argument should be central; the sources should support this argument .

Remember to attribute both direct and indirect citations.

Introduction

Television has been influential in United States presidential elections since the 1960's. But just what is this influence, and how has it affected who is elected? Has it made elections fairer and more accessible, or has it moved candidates from pursuing issues to pursuing image?

Read the following sources (including any introductory information) carefully. Then, in an essay that synthesizes at least three of the sources for support, take a position that defends, challenges, or qualifies the claim that television has had a positive impact on presidential elections.

Refer to the sources as Source A, Source B, etc.; titles are included for your convenience.

Source A (Campbell) Source B (Hart and Triece) Source C (Menand) Source D (Chart) Source E (Ranney) Source F (Koppel)

Like we mentioned earlier, this prompt gives you a topic — which it briefly explains — then asks you to take a position. In this case, you'll have to choose a stance on whether television has positively or negatively affected U.S. elections. You're also given six sources to evaluate and use in your response. Now that you have everything you need, now your job is to write an amazing synthesis essay.

But what does "synthesize" mean, exactly? According to the CollegeBoard, when an essay prompt asks you to synthesize, it means that you should "combine different perspectives from sources to form a support of a coherent position" in writing. In other words, a synthesis essay asks you to state your claim on a topic, then highlight the relationships between several sources that support your claim on that topic. Additionally, you'll need to cite specific evidence from your sources to prove your point.

The synthesis essay counts for six of the total points on the AP Lang exam . Students can receive 0-1 points for writing a thesis statement in the essay, 0-4 based on incorporation of evidence and commentary, and 0-1 points based on sophistication of thought and demonstrated complex understanding of the topic.

You'll be evaluated based on how effectively you do the following in your AP Lang synthesis essay:

Write a thesis that responds to the exam prompt with a defensible position

Provide specific evidence that to support all claims in your line of reasoning from at least three of the sources provided, and clearly and consistently explain how the evidence you include supports your line of reasoning

Demonstrate sophistication of thought by either crafting a thoughtful argument, situating the argument in a broader context, explaining the limitations of an argument

Make rhetorical choices that strengthen your argument and/or employ a vivid and persuasive style throughout your essay.

If your synthesis essay meets the criteria above, then there's a good chance you'll score well on this portion of the AP Lang exam!

If you're looking for even more information on scoring, the College Board has posted the AP Lang Free Response grading rubric on its website. ( You can find it here. ) We recommend taking a close look at it since it includes additional details about the synthesis essay scoring.

Don't be intimidated...we're going to teach you how to break down even the hardest AP synthesis essay prompt.

Full Breakdown of a Real AP Lang Synthesis Essay Prompt

In this section, we'll teach you how to analyze and respond to a synthesis essay prompt in five easy steps, including suggested time frames for each step of the process.

Step 1: Analyze the Prompt

The very first thing to do when the clock starts running is read and analyze the prompt. To demonstrate how to do this, we'll look at the sample AP Lang synthesis essay prompt below. This prompt comes straight from the 2018 AP Lang exam:

Eminent domain is the power governments have to acquire property from private owners for public use. The rationale behind eminent domain is that governments have greater legal authority over lands within their dominion than do private owners. Eminent domain has been instituted in one way or another throughout the world for hundreds of years.

Carefully read the following six sources, including the introductory information for each source. Then synthesize material from at least three of the sources and incorporate it into a coherent, well-developed essay that defends, challenges, or qualifies the notion that eminent domain is productive and beneficial.

Your argument should be the focus of your essay. Use the sources to develop your argument and explain the reasoning for it. Avoid merely summarizing the sources. Indicate clearly which sources you are drawing from, whether through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. You may cite the sources as Source A, Source B, etc., or by using the descriptions in parentheses.

On first read, you might be nervous about how to answer this prompt...especially if you don't know what eminent domain is! But if you break the prompt down into chunks, you'll be able to figure out what the prompt is asking you to do in no time flat.

To get a full understanding of what this prompt wants you to do, you need to identify the most important details in this prompt, paragraph by paragraph. Here's what each paragraph is asking you to do:

Paragraph 1: The prompt presents and briefly explains the topic that you'll be writing your synthesis essay about. That topic is the concept of eminent domain.
Paragraph 2: The prompt presents a specific claim about the concept of eminent domain in this paragraph: Eminent domain is productive and beneficial. This paragraph instructs you to decide whether you want to defend, challenge, or qualify that claim in your synthesis essay , and use material from at least three of the sources provided in order to do so.
Paragraph 3: In the last paragraph of the prompt, the exam gives you clear instructions about how to approach writing your synthesis essay . First, make your argument the focus of the essay. Second, use material from at least three of the sources to develop and explain your argument. Third, provide commentary on the material you include, and provide proper citations when you incorporate quotations, paraphrases, or summaries from the sources provided.

So basically, you'll have to agree with, disagree with, or qualify the claim stated in the prompt, then use at least three sources substantiate your answer. Since you probably don't know much about eminent domain, you'll probably decide on your position after you read the provided sources.

To make good use of your time on the exam, you should spend around 2 minutes reading the prompt and making note of what it's asking you to do. That will leave you plenty of time to read the sources provided, which is the next step to writing a synthesis essay.

Step 2: Read the Sources Carefully

After you closely read the prompt and make note of the most important details, you need to read all of the sources provided. It's tempting to skip one or two sources to save time--but we recommend you don't do this. That's because you'll need a thorough understanding of the topic before you can accurately address the prompt!

For the sample exam prompt included above, there are six sources provided. We're not going to include all of the sources in this article, but you can view the six sources from this question on the 2018 AP Lang exam here . The sources include five print-text sources and one visual source, which is a cartoon.

As you read the sources, it's important to read quickly and carefully. Don't rush! Keep your pencil in hand to quickly mark important passages that you might want to use as evidence in your synthesis. While you're reading the sources and marking passages, you want to think about how the information you're reading influences your stance on the issue (in this case, eminent domain).

When you finish reading, take a few seconds to summarize, in a phrase or sentence, whether the source defends, challenges, or qualifies whether eminent domain is beneficial (which is the claim in the prompt) . Though it might not feel like you have time for this, it's important to give yourself these notes about each source so you know how you can use each one as evidence in your essay.

Here's what we mean: say you want to challenge the idea that eminent domain is useful. If you've jotted down notes about each source and what it's saying, it will be easier for you to pull the relevant information into your outline and your essay.

So how much time should you spend reading the provided sources? The AP Lang exam recommends taking 15 minutes to read the sources . If you spend around two of those minutes reading and breaking down the essay prompt, it makes sense to spend the remaining 13 minutes reading and annotating the sources.

If you finish reading and annotating early, you can always move on to drafting your synthesis essay. But make sure you're taking your time and reading carefully! It's better to use a little extra time reading and understanding the sources now so that you don't have to go back and re-read the sources later.

A strong thesis will do a lot of heavy lifting in your essay. (See what we did there?)

Step 3: Write a Strong Thesis Statement

After you've analyzed the prompt and thoroughly read the sources, the next thing you need to do in order to write a good synthesis essay is write a strong thesis statement .

The great news about writing a thesis statement for this synthesis essay is that you have all the tools you need to do it at your fingertips. All you have to do in order to write your thesis statement is decide what your stance is in relationship to the topic provided.

In the example prompt provided earlier, you're essentially given three choices for how to frame your thesis statement: you can either defend, challenge, or qualify a claim that's been provided by the prompt, that eminent domain is productive and beneficial . Here's what that means for each option:

If you choose to defend the claim, your job will be to prove that the claim is correct . In this case, you'll have to show that eminent domain is a good thing.

If you choose to challenge the claim, you'll argue that the claim is incorrect. In other words, you'll argue that eminent domain isn't productive or beneficial.

If you choose to qualify, that means you'll agree with part of the claim, but disagree with another part of the claim. For instance, you may argue that eminent domain can be a productive tool for governments, but it's not beneficial for property owners. Or maybe you argue that eminent domain is useful in certain circumstances, but not in others.

When you decide whether you want your synthesis essay to defend, challenge, or qualify that claim, you need to convey that stance clearly in your thesis statement. You want to avoid simply restating the claim provided in the prompt, summarizing the issue without making a coherent claim, or writing a thesis that doesn't respond to the prompt.

Here's an example of a thesis statement that received full points on the eminent domain synthesis essay:

Although eminent domain can be misused to benefit private interests at the expense of citizens, it is a vital tool of any government that intends to have any influence on the land it governs beyond that of written law.

This thesis statement received full points because it states a defensible position and establishes a line of reasoning on the issue of eminent domain. It states the author's position (that some parts of eminent domain are good, but others are bad), then goes on to explain why the author thinks that (it's good because it allows the government to do its job, but it's bad because the government can misuse its power.)

Because this example thesis statement states a defensible position and establishes a line of reasoning, it can be elaborated upon in the body of the essay through sub-claims, supporting evidence, and commentary. And a solid argument is key to getting a six on your synthesis essay for AP Lang!

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Step 4: Create a Bare-Bones Essay Outline

Once you've got your thesis statement drafted, you have the foundation you need to develop a bare bones outline for your synthesis essay. Developing an outline might seem like it's a waste of your precious time, but if you develop your outline well, it will actually save you time when you start writing your essay.

With that in mind, we recommend spending 5 to 10 minutes outlining your synthesis essay . If you use a bare-bones outline like the one below, labeling each piece of content that you need to include in your essay draft, you should be able to develop out the most important pieces of the synthesis before you even draft the actual essay.

To help you see how this can work on test day, we've created a sample outline for you. You can even memorize this outline to help you out on test day! In the outline below, you'll find places to fill in a thesis statement, body paragraph topic sentences, evidence from the sources provided, and commentary :

Present the context surrounding the essay topic in a couple of sentences (this is a good place to use what you learned about the major opinions or controversies about the topic from reading your sources).
Write a straightforward, clear, and concise thesis statement that presents your stance on the topic
Topic sentence presenting first supporting point or claim
Evidence #1
Commentary on Evidence #1
Evidence #2 (if needed)
Commentary on Evidence #2 (if needed)
Topic sentence presenting second supporting point or claim
Topic sentence presenting three supporting point or claim
Sums up the main line of reasoning that you developed and defended throughout the essay
Reiterates the thesis statement

Taking the time to develop these crucial pieces of the synthesis in a bare-bones outline will give you a map for your final essay. Once you have a map, writing the essay will be much easier.

Step 5: Draft Your Essay Response

The great thing about taking a few minutes to develop an outline is that you can develop it out into your essay draft. After you take about 5 to 10 minutes to outline your synthesis essay, you can use the remaining 30 to 35 minutes to draft your essay and review it.

Since you'll outline your essay before you start drafting, writing the essay should be pretty straightforward. You'll already know how many paragraphs you're going to write, what the topic of each paragraph will be, and what quotations, paraphrases, or summaries you're going to include in each paragraph from the sources provided. You'll just have to fill in one of the most important parts of your synthesis—your commentary.

Commentaries are your explanation of why your evidence supports the argument you've outlined in your thesis. Your commentary is where you actually make your argument, which is why it's such a critical part of your synthesis essay.

When thinking about what to say in your commentary, remember one thing the AP Lang synthesis essay prompt specifies: don't just summarize the sources. Instead, as you provide commentary on the evidence you incorporate, you need to explain how that evidence supports or undermines your thesis statement . You should include commentary that offers a thoughtful or novel perspective on the evidence from your sources to develop your argument.

One very important thing to remember as you draft out your essay is to cite your sources. The AP Lang exam synthesis essay prompt indicates that you can use generic labels for the sources provided (e.g. "Source 1," "Source 2," "Source 3," etc.). The exam prompt will indicate which label corresponds with which source, so you'll need to make sure you pay attention and cite sources accurately. You can cite your sources in the sentence where you introduce a quote, summary, or paraphrase, or you can use a parenthetical citation. Citing your sources affects your score on the synthesis essay, so remembering to do this is important.

Keep reading for a real-life example of a great AP synthesis essay response!

Real-Life AP Synthesis Essay Example and Analysis

If you're still wondering how to write a synthesis essay, examples of real essays from past AP Lang exams can make things clearer. These real-life student AP synthesis essay responses can be great for helping you understand how to write a synthesis essay that will knock the graders' socks off .

While there are multiple essay examples online, we've chosen one to take a closer look at. We're going to give you a brief analysis of one of these example student synthesis essays from the 2019 AP Lang Exam below!

Example Synthesis Essay AP Lang Response

To get started, let's look at the official prompt for the 2019 synthesis essay:

In response to our society's increasing demand for energy, large-scale wind power has drawn attention from governments and consumers as a potential alternative to traditional materials that fuel our power grids, such as coal, oil, natural gas, water, or even newer sources such as nuclear or solar power. Yet the establishment of large-scale, commercial-grade wind farms is often the subject of controversy for a variety of reasons.

Carefully read the six sources, found on the AP English Language and Composition 2019 Exam (Question 1), including the introductory information for each source. Write an essay that synthesizes material from at least three of the sources and develops your position on the most important factors that an individual or agency should consider when deciding whether to establish a wind farm.

Source A (photo) Source B (Layton) Source C (Seltenrich) Source D (Brown) Source E (Rule) Source F (Molla)

In your response you should do the following:

Respond to the prompt with a thesis presents a defensible position.
Select and use evidence from at least 3 of the provided sources to support your line of reasoning. Indicate clearly the sources used through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. Sources may be cited as Source A, Source B, etc., or by using the description in parentheses.
Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning.
Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument.

Now that you know exactly what the prompt asked students to do on the 2019 AP Lang synthesis essay, here's an AP Lang synthesis essay example, written by a real student on the AP Lang exam in 2019:

[1] The situation has been known for years, and still very little is being done: alternative power is the only way to reliably power the changing world. The draw of power coming from industry and private life is overwhelming current sources of non-renewable power, and with dwindling supplies of fossil fuels, it is merely a matter of time before coal and gas fuel plants are no longer in operation. So one viable alternative is wind power. But as with all things, there are pros and cons. The main factors for power companies to consider when building wind farms are environmental boon, aesthetic, and economic factors.

[2] The environmental benefits of using wind power are well-known and proven. Wind power is, as qualified by Source B, undeniably clean and renewable. From their production requiring very little in the way of dangerous materials to their lack of fuel, besides that which occurs naturally, wind power is by far one of the least environmentally impactful sources of power available. In addition, wind power by way of gearbox and advanced blade materials, has the highest percentage of energy retention. According to Source F, wind power retains 1,164% of the energy put into the system – meaning that it increases the energy converted from fuel (wind) to electricity 10 times! No other method of electricity production is even half that efficient. The efficiency and clean nature of wind power are important to consider, especially because they contribute back to power companies economically.

[3] Economically, wind power is both a boon and a bone to electric companies and other users. For consumers, wind power is very cheap, leading to lower bills than from any other source. Consumers also get an indirect reimbursement by way of taxes (Source D). In one Texan town, McCamey, tax revenue increased 30% from a wind farm being erected in the town. This helps to finance improvements to the town. But, there is no doubt that wind power is also hurting the power companies. Although, as renewable power goes, wind is incredibly cheap, it is still significantly more expensive than fossil fuels. So, while it is helping to cut down on emissions, it costs electric companies more than traditional fossil fuel plants. While the general economic trend is positive, there are some setbacks which must be overcome before wind power can take over as truly more effective than fossil fuels.

[4] Aesthetics may be the greatest setback for power companies. Although there may be significant economic and environmental benefit to wind power, people will always fight to preserve pure, unspoiled land. Unfortunately, not much can be done to improve the visual aesthetics of the turbines. White paint is the most common choice because it "[is] associated with cleanliness." (Source E). But, this can make it stand out like a sore thumb, and make the gargantuan machines seem more out of place. The site can also not be altered because it affects generating capacity. Sound is almost worse of a concern because it interrupts personal productivity by interrupting people's sleep patterns. One thing for power companies to consider is working with turbine manufacturing to make the machines less aesthetically impactful, so as to garner greater public support.

[5] As with most things, wind power has no easy answer. It is the responsibility of the companies building them to weigh the benefits and the consequences. But, by balancing economics, efficiency, and aesthetics, power companies can create a solution which balances human impact with environmental preservation.

And that's an entire AP Lang synthesis essay example, written in response to a real AP Lang exam prompt! It's important to remember AP Lang exam synthesis essay prompts are always similarly structured and worded, and students often respond in around the same number of paragraphs as what you see in the example essay response above.

Next, let's analyze this example essay and talk about what it does effectively, where it could be improved upon, and what score past exam scorers awarded it.

To get started on an analysis of the sample synthesis essay, let's look at the scoring commentary provided by the College Board:

For development of thesis, the essay received 1 out of 1 possible points
For evidence and commentary, the essay received 4 out of 4 possible points
For sophistication of thought, the essay received 0 out of 1 possible points.

This means that the final score for this example essay was a 5 out of 6 possible points . Let's look more closely at the content of the example essay to figure out why it received this score breakdown.

Thesis Development

The thesis statement is one of the three main categories that is taken into consideration when you're awarded points on this portion of the exam. This sample essay received 1 out of 1 total points.

Now, here's why: the thesis statement clearly and concisely conveys a position on the topic presented in the prompt--alternative energy and wind power--and defines the most important factors that power companies should consider when deciding whether to establish a wind farm.

Evidence and Commentary

The second key category taken into consideration when synthesis exams are evaluated is incorporation of evidence and commentary. This sample received 4 out of 4 possible points for this portion of the synthesis essay. At bare minimum, this sample essay meets the requirement mentioned in the prompt that the writer incorporate evidence from at least three of the sources provided.

On top of that, the writer does a good job of connecting the incorporated evidence back to the claim made in the thesis statement through effective commentary. The commentary in this sample essay is effective because it goes beyond just summarizing what the provided sources say. Instead, it explains and analyzes the evidence presented in the selected sources and connects them back to supporting points the writer makes in each body paragraph.

Finally, the writer of the essay also received points for evidence and commentary because the writer developed and supported a consistent line of reasoning throughout the essay . This line of reasoning is summed up in the fourth paragraph in the following sentence: "One thing for power companies to consider is working with turbine manufacturing to make the machines less aesthetically impactful, so as to garner greater public support."

Because the writer did a good job consistently developing their argument and incorporating evidence, they received full marks in this category. So far, so good!

Sophistication of Thought

Now, we know that this essay received a score of 5 out of 6 total points, and the place where the writer lost a point was on the basis of sophistication of thought, for which the writer received 0 out of 1 points. That's because this sample essay makes several generalizations and vague claims where it could have instead made specific claims that support a more balanced argument.

For example, in the following sentence from the 5th paragraph of the sample essay, the writer misses the opportunity to state specific possibilities that power companies should consider for wind energy . Instead, the writer is ambiguous and non-committal, saying, "As with most things, wind power has no easy answer. It is the responsibility of the companies building them to weigh the benefits and consequences."

If the writer of this essay was interested in trying to get that 6th point on the synthesis essay response, they could consider making more specific claims. For instance, they could state the specific benefits and consequences power companies should consider when deciding whether to establish a wind farm. These could include things like environmental impacts, economic impacts, or even population density!

Despite losing one point in the last category, this example synthesis essay is a strong one. It's well-developed, thoughtfully written, and advances an argument on the exam topic using evidence and support throughout.

4 Tips for How to Write a Synthesis Essay

AP Lang is a timed exam, so you have to pick and choose what you want to focus on in the limited time you're given to write the synthesis essay. Keep reading to get our expert advice on what you should focus on during your exam.

Tip 1: Read the Prompt First

It may sound obvious, but when you're pressed for time, it's easy to get flustered. Just remember: when it comes time to write the synthesis essay, read the prompt first !

Why is it so important to read the prompt before you read the sources? Because when you're aware of what kind of question you're trying to answer, you'll be able to read the sources more strategically. The prompt will help give you a sense of what claims, points, facts, or opinions to be looking for as you read the sources.

Reading the sources without having read the prompt first is kind of like trying to drive while wearing a blindfold: you can probably do it, but it's likely not going to end well!

Tip 2: Make Notes While You Read

During the 15-minute reading period at the beginning of the synthesis essay, you'll be reading through the sources as quickly as you can. After all, you're probably anxious to start writing!

While it's definitely important to make good use of your time, it's also important to read closely enough that you understand your sources. Careful reading will allow you to identify parts of the sources that will help you support your thesis statement in your essay, too.

As you read the sources, consider marking helpful passages with a star or check mark in the margins of the exam so you know which parts of the text to quickly re-read as you form your synthesis essay. You might also consider summing up the key points or position of each source in a sentence or a few words when you finish reading each source during the reading period. Doing so will help you know where each source stands on the topic given and help you pick the three (or more!) that will bolster your synthesis argument.

Tip 3: Start With the Thesis Statement

If you don't start your synthesis essay with a strong thesis statement, it's going to be tough to write an effective synthesis essay. As soon as you finish reading and annotating the provided sources, the thing you want to do next is write a strong thesis statement.

According to the CollegeBoard grading guidelines for the AP Lang synthesis essay, a strong thesis statement will respond to the prompt— not restate or rephrase the prompt. A good thesis will take a clear, defensible position on the topic presented in the prompt and the sources.

In other words, to write a solid thesis statement to guide the rest of your synthesis essay, you need to think about your position on the topic at hand and then make a claim about the topic based on your position. This position will either be defending, challenging, or qualifying the claim made in the essay's prompt.

The defensible position that you establish in your thesis statement will guide your argument in the rest of the essay, so it's important to do this first. Once you have a strong thesis statement, you can begin outlining your essay.

Tip 4: Focus on Your Commentary

Writing thoughtful, original commentary that explains your argument and your sources is important. In fact, doing this well will earn you four points (out of a total of six)!

AP Lang provides six to seven sources for you on the exam, and you'll be expected to incorporate quotations, paraphrases, or summaries from at least three of those sources into your synthesis essay and interpret that evidence for the reader.

While incorporating evidence is very important, in order to get the extra point for "sophistication of thought" on the synthesis essay, it's important to spend more time thinking about your commentary on the evidence you choose to incorporate. The commentary is your chance to show original thinking, strong rhetorical skills, and clearly explain how the evidence you've included supports the stance you laid out in your thesis statement.

To earn the 6th possible point on the synthesis essay, make sure your commentary demonstrates a nuanced understanding of the source material, explains this nuanced understanding, and places the evidence incorporated from the sources in conversation with each other. To do this, make sure you're avoiding vague language. Be specific when you can, and always tie your commentary back to your thesis!

What's Next?

There's a lot more to the AP Language exam than just the synthesis essay. Be sure to check out our expert guide to the entire exam , then learn more about the tricky multiple choice section .

Is the AP Lang exam hard...or is it easy? See how it stacks up to other AP tests on our list of the hardest AP exams .

Did you know there are technically two English AP exams? You can learn more about the second English AP test, the AP Literature exam, in this article . And if you're confused about whether you should take the AP Lang or AP Lit test , we can help you make that decision, too.

Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Ashley Sufflé Robinson has a Ph.D. in 19th Century English Literature. As a content writer for PrepScholar, Ashley is passionate about giving college-bound students the in-depth information they need to get into the school of their dreams.

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AP English Language and Composition, commonly known as AP Lang, is one of the most engaging and popular AP classes offered at most high schools, with over 535,000 students taking the class . AP Lang tests your ability to analyze written pieces, synthesize information, write rhetorical essays, and create cohesive and concrete arguments. However, the class is rather challenging as only 62% of students were able to score a three or higher on the exam.

The AP Lang exam has two sections. The first consists of 45 multiple choice questions which need to be completed in an hour. This portion counts for around 45% of your total score. These questions ask students to analyze written pieces and answer questions related to each respective passage. All possible answer choices can be found within the text, and no prior knowledge of literature is needed to understand the passages.

The second section contains three free-response questions to be finished in under two hours and 15 minutes. This section counts for 55% of your score and includes the synthesis essay, the rhetorical essay, and the argumentative essay.

The synthesis essay requires you to read 6-7 sources and create an argument using at least three sources.
The rhetorical analysis essay requires you to describe how a piece of writing evokes specific meanings and symbolism.
The argumentative essay requires you to pick a perspective of a debate and create an argument based on the evidence provided.

In this post, we will take a look at the AP Lang synthesis essay and discuss tips and tricks to master this part of the exam. We will also provide an example of a well-written essay for review.

The AP Lang synthesis essay is the first of three essays included in the Free Response section of the AP Lang exam. The exam presents 6-7 sources that are organized around a specific topic, with two of those sources purely visual, including a single quantitative source (like a graph or pie chart). The remaining 4-5 sources are text-based, containing around 500 words each. It’s recommended that students spend an hour on this essay—15 minute reading period, 40 minutes writing, and 5 minutes of spare time to check over work.

Each synthesis essay has a topic that all the sources will relate to. A prompt will explaining the topic and provide some background, although the topics are usually broad so you will probably know something related to the issue. It will also present a claim that students will respond to in an essay format using information from at least three of the provided sources. You will need to take a stance, either agreeing or disagreeing with the position provided in the claim.

According to the CollegeBoard, they are looking for essays that “combine different perspectives from sources to form a support of a coherent position.” This means that you must state your claim on the topic and highlight relationships between several sources that support your specific position on the topic. Additionally, you’ll need to cite clear evidence from your sources to prove your point.

The synthesis essay counts for six points on the AP Lang exam. Students can receive 0-1 points for writing a thesis statement, 0-4 based on the incorporation of evidence and commentary, and 0-1 points based on the sophistication of thought and demonstration of complex understanding.

While this essay seems extremely overwhelming, considering there are a total of three free-response essays to complete, with proper time management and practiced skills, this essay is manageable and straightforward. In order to enhance the time management aspect of the test to the best of your ability, it is essential to divide the essay up into five key steps.

Step 1: Analyze the Prompt

As soon as the clock starts, carefully read and analyze what the prompt asks from you. It might be helpful to markup the text to identify the most critical details. You should only spend around 2 minutes reading the prompt so you have enough time to read all the sources and figure out your argument. Don’t feel like you need to immediately pick your stance on the claim right after reading the prompt. You should read the sources before you commit to your argument.

Step 2: Read the Sources Carefully

Although you are only required to use 3 of the 6-7 sources provides, make sure you read ALL of the sources. This will allow you to better understand the topic and make the most educated decision of which sources to use in your essay. Since there are a lot of sources to get through, you will need to read quickly and carefully.

Annotating will be your best friend during the reading period. Highlight and mark important concepts or lines from each passage that would be helpful in your essay. Your argument will probably begin forming in your head as you go through the passages, so you will save yourself a lot of time later on if you take a few seconds to write down notes in the margins. After you’ve finished reading a source, reflect on whether the source defends, challenges, or qualifies your argument.

You will have around 13 minutes to read through all the sources, but it’s very possible you will finish earlier if you are a fast reader. Take the leftover time to start developing your thesis and organizing your thoughts into an outline so you have more time to write.

Step 3: Write a Strong Thesis Statement

In order to write a good thesis statement, all you have to do is decide your stance on the claim provided in the prompt and give an overview of your evidence. You essentially have three choices on how to frame your thesis statement: You can defend, challenge or qualify a claim that’s been provided by the prompt.

If you are defending the claim, your job will be to prove that the claim is correct .
If you are challenging the claim, your job will be to prove that the claim is incorrect .
If you choose to qualify the claim, your job will be to agree to a part of the claim and disagree with another part of the claim.

A strong thesis statement will clearly state your stance without summarizing the issue or regurgitating the claim. The CollegeBoard is looking for a thesis statement that “states a defensible position and establishes a line of reasoning on the issue provided in the prompt.”

Step 4: Create a Minimal Essay Outline

Developing an outline might seem like a waste of time when you are up against the clock, but believe us, taking 5-10 minutes to outline your essay will be much more useful in the long run than jumping right into the essay.

Your outline should include your thesis statement and three main pieces of evidence that will constitute each body paragraph. Under each piece of evidence should be 2-3 details from the sources that you will use to back up your claim and some commentary on how that evidence proves your thesis.

Step 5: Write your Essay

Use the remaining 30-35 minutes to write your essay. This should be relatively easy if you took the time to mark up the sources and have a detailed outline. Remember to add special consideration and emphasis to the commentary sections of the supporting arguments outlined in your thesis. These sentences are critical to the overall flow of the essay and where you will be explaining how the evidence supports or undermines the claim in the prompt.

Also, when referencing your sources, write the in-text citations as follows: “Source 1,” “Source 2,” “Source 3,” etc. Make sure to pay attention to which source is which in order to not incorrectly cite your sources. In-text citations will impact your score on the essay and are an integral part of the process.

After you finish writing, read through your essay for any grammatical errors or mistakes before you move onto the next essay.

Here are six must-have tips and tricks to get a good score on the synthesis essay:

Cite at least four sources , even though the minimum requirement is three. Remember not to plagiarize and cite everything you use in your arguments.
Make sure to develop a solid and clear thesis . Develop a stable stance for the claim and stick with it throughout the entire paper.
Don’t summarize the sources. The summary of the sources does not count as an argument.
You don’t necessarily have to agree with the sources in order to cite them. Using a source to support a counterargument is still a good use of a source.
Cite the sources that you understand entirely . If you don’t, it could come back to bite you in the end.
Use small quotes , do not quote entire paragraphs. Make sure the quote does not disrupt the flow or grammar of the sentence you write.

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Here is an example prompt and essay from 2019 that received 5 of the 6 total points available:

In response to our society’s increasing demand for energy, large-scale wind power has drawn attention from governments and consumers as a potential alternative to traditional materials that fuel our power grids, such as coal, oil, natural gas, water, or even newer sources such as nuclear or solar power. Yet the establishment of large-scale, commercial-grade wind farms is often the subject of controversy for a variety of reasons.

Source A (photo)

Source B (Layton)

Source C (Seltenrich)

Source D (Brown)

Source E (Rule)

Source F (Molla)

In your response you should do the following:

Respond to the prompt with a thesis presents a defensible position.
Select and use evidence from at least 3 of the provided sources to support your line of reasoning. Indicate clearly the sources used through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. Sources may be cited as Source A, Source B, etc., or by using the description in parentheses.
Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning.
Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument.

[4] Aesthetics may be the greatest setback for power companies. Although there may be significant economic and environmental benefit to wind power, people will always fight to preserve pure, unspoiled land. Unfortunately, not much can be done to improve the visual aesthetics of the turbines. White paint is the most common choice because it “[is] associated with cleanliness.” (Source E). But, this can make it stand out like a sore thumb, and make the gargantuan machines seem more out of place. The site can also not be altered because it affects generating capacity. Sound is almost worse of a concern because it interrupts personal productivity by interrupting people’s sleep patterns. One thing for power companies to consider is working with turbine manufacturing to make the machines less aesthetically impactful, so as to garner greater public support.

More examples can be found here at College Board.

While AP Scores help to boost your weighted GPA, or give you the option to get college credit, AP Scores don’t have a strong effect on your admissions chances . However, colleges can still see your self-reported scores, so you might not want to automatically send scores to colleges if they are lower than a 3. That being said, admissions officers care far more about your grade in an AP class than your score on the exam.

Synthesis Essay Intro

December 14, 2022 by Beth Hall

When students are writing an essay, the introduction sets the tone for the entire paper. Readers will not want to continue if the hook does not draw them in. This is the case for class papers to the big essays on the AP® Lang exam. However, it is incredibly stressful to develop a strong introduction when time goes so quickly. Luckily, this blog post provides provides an overview of how to write a synthesis essay intro paragraph quickly!

More than a Thesis

When it comes to a timed essay, worst case scenario, write a defensible thesis and move on. However, writing a thesis-only introduction can be a bit jarring for your reader. So, if possible, try to write a couple sentences to lead into your synthesis essay thesis.

Definition Sentence

One way to develop your synthesis essay introduction paragraph is to set parameters. This helps narrow down and specify your argument. You can do this in your introduction by actually defining your topic. For instance, if the topic is wind farms, you can define what this means. This is a great way to ensure the reader fully understands the terms within your synthesis essay intro.

Ex: Wind farms, an isolated area containing wind turbines used to generate clean, renewable energy, have become a point of discussion as a means of providing efficient energy without dependence on foreign countries.

Essentially, you start with the topic. In this case, it is wind farms. Then, you put a comma, the definition, and another comma before finishing your sentence. This is a great way to improve your syntax as well!

Provide Context in Your Synthesis Essay Intro

Another example how to start your synthesis essay introduction involves providing a bit of context. For example, ask yourself:

Why are we really talking about this issue in the first place?
Why is this issue relevant?
Why is it a point of conversation in society today?

Even if it is a topic you are unfamiliar with, you can still gather that information from the prompt and sources. Then, add some information to help the reader understand your topic.

Explain Both Sides

Another tip to crafting a quick synthesis essay intro paragraph is to explain both sides of the issue. Now, you can’t end there. You need a defensible thesis. If you do not actually assert a position, you’ve just equivocated, which means you did not take a stance. If you are going to explain both sides, be sure you include a transition word such as “therefore” and establish the position you will argue in your synthesis essay.

The Most Important Part of the Synthesis Essay Intro: The Thesis

After deciding how to start the synthesis essay intro, it is time to move on to the thesis. For most students, this will be the introduction’s last sentence. You will assert a position that you will later prove in your body paragraphs.

Many times, it helps to start your thesis with a dependent clause. This could be words like although, when, and while. This helps make a complex sentence, which tends to read better.

Additionally, students can also use a counter-argument thesis. This shows the other side of the argument but ultimately goes back to your stance.

Here’s an example of a sentence frame you can use: While it may be true that…, one would be remiss not to consider that….

For more introduction tips, watch How to Write an Introductory Paragraph for a Synthesis Essay. It provides excellent insight into crafting the perfect introduction. Then, check out this blog post: How to Outline a Synthesis Essay for AP® Lang . This will help ensure your body paragraphs have good evidence and strong commentary! Since there are so many components to the synthesis essay, check out how to write a synthesis essay conclusion . This will help ensure there is a solid ending to your paper.

Synthesis Essay Intro Example

Want to see the aforementioned tips in action?

Here is a synthesis essay introduction example.

In recent years, the United States’ test scores have declined. In response to this, there has been a push to transform kindergarten into a more academic environment. Skills that were once commonly taught in first grade are now being taught in kindergarten. But at what cost? Increasing the academic rigor in kindergarten has not led to an increase in test scores. If anything, increasing the academic focus has drastically reduced the amount of time for free play. While it is true that students need to learn some fundamental academic skills in kindergarten, the overall focus should be students social and emotional development.

The synthesis essay intro example above provides context for the issue (the focus on test scores) and a defensible thesis to argue that kindergarten should not be transformed into an academic environment.

Here’s another synthesis intro example:

Locavorism, the concept of eating food grown within 100 miles of one’s home, has gained popularity in recent years. Supporting local business is great, and yes, the food is likely to be fresher. However, one cannot ignore that locavorism is, at times, inconvenient and impractical. Therefore, when considering whether to join the locavore movement, one must consider two key factors: location and environmental impact.

The example above combines a couple techniques mentioned earlier in this blog post. First, there is a definition. Remember that you don’t need to define every topic, but in some cases, it can help if done effectively. It also includes a concession and refutation to demonstrate the contrasting views on the topic. Finally, it ends with a defensible thesis.

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Short Essay: AP Language Synthesis

The AP Language and Composition exam is a challenging test that requires students to demonstrate a wide range of skills. Among the various components of the exam, the synthesis essay is particularly demanding, as it necessitates not only strong writing abilities but also critical thinking and adept use of sources. In this article, we will delve into the synthesis essay, breaking down the steps and strategies necessary to craft a compelling response.

Table of Contents

Understanding the Synthesis Essay

At its core, the synthesis essay asks you to combine information from various sources to discuss a specific topic or argument. The College Board provides 6-7 sources that might include articles, essays, graphs, and images, reflecting different perspectives on an issue. Your task is to synthesize these sources into a coherent essay that presents your own position on the topic while incorporating the provided materials.

Step 1: Analyze the Prompt

Before you even consider the sources, read the prompt carefully. Understand exactly what it’s asking you to do. The prompt will typically present an issue and ask you to take a stance, using the sources to support your position. Identify keywords and consider any underlying assumptions or implications within the prompt.

Step 2: Examine the Sources

Take your time to read through each source provided. As you do, annotate key ideas, arguments, and pieces of evidence that might be useful. Be on the lookout for both supporting and contradicting points of view. Consider the credibility of each source and any biases that may be present.

Step 3: Develop a Thesis

Once you have a good grasp of the sources and the prompt, it’s time to formulate your thesis statement. Your thesis should clearly state your position on the issue and set the tone for your essay. It should be specific enough to guide your argument but flexible enough to allow for a nuanced discussion.

Step 4: Create an Outline

Organizing your thoughts and the information you plan to include is crucial. An outline will help you structure your essay logically. Plan out your introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Decide where each source will fit into your argument and how you will address counterarguments.

Step 5: Write the Introduction

Your introduction should set the stage for your argument. Begin with a hook—an interesting fact, question, or quote that grabs the reader’s attention. Provide some background on the issue, if necessary, and then clearly state your thesis.

Step 6: Craft the Body Paragraphs

Each body paragraph should focus on a single idea that supports your thesis. Start with a topic sentence that clearly relates to your main argument. Integrate evidence from the sources, and explain how it supports your point. Be sure to attribute information correctly and blend the sources seamlessly into your own prose. Address counterarguments to demonstrate the depth of your analysis and reinforce your position.

Step 7: Use Transitions

Transitions are the glue that holds your essay together. They help the reader follow your argument from one point to the next. Use transitional phrases to connect ideas within paragraphs and to move smoothly between them.

Step 8: Conclude with Strength

Your conclusion should not simply restate your thesis. Instead, it should synthesize the main points you’ve made and demonstrate the broader implications of your argument. Leave your reader with a final thought that underscores the significance of your position.

Step 9: Cite Your Sources

While the AP Language exam does not require formal MLA or APA citation style, you do need to clearly indicate which source you are referencing. You might do this by mentioning the author’s name or by describing the source (“According to the graph provided…”).

Step 10: Revise and Proofread

If time permits, review your essay. Look for clarity, coherence, and grammatical accuracy. Make sure you’ve used a variety of sentence structures and that your word choice is precise. Confirm that you’ve accurately represented the sources and that your argument is persuasive.

Tips for Success

Understand Rhetorical Strategies : Knowing how to identify and discuss rhetorical devices will help you analyze the sources effectively.
Practice Critical Reading : The more you practice reading non-fiction texts critically, the better you will become at quickly identifying key arguments and evidence.
Practice Writing Under Time Constraints : The synthesis essay is timed, so you need to be able to organize and express your thoughts quickly and efficiently.
Learn to Synthesize : Synthesis goes beyond summarizing sources. It involves combining ideas from different sources to support your own argument in a cohesive way.
Expand Your Vocabulary : A rich vocabulary allows you to express your ideas clearly and persuasively.

Example Synthesis Prompt and Thesis

Prompt : In an increasingly digital world, libraries are at a crossroads. Some argue that libraries are more important than ever, providing access to digital resources and a public space for the community. Others believe that libraries are becoming obsolete in the age of the internet. Based on the sources provided, construct an argument about the role that libraries should play in contemporary society.

Thesis : In the 21st century, libraries must evolve beyond their traditional role as repositories of printed materials; they should serve as dynamic community centers that provide access to digital resources, promote digital literacy, and foster communal engagement.

With this thesis, the essay will not only synthesize the given sources but also present a nuanced perspective on the future of libraries.

AP Language Synthesis Essay Example #1

Prompt: Over the past decade, there has been a rising trend of telecommuting, with many individuals working from home rather than in traditional office settings. Some argue that telecommuting offers greater work-life balance and reduces the environmental impact of commuting. Others contend that it can lead to feelings of isolation and may hinder collaboration among colleagues. Based on the sources provided, write an essay that synthesizes at least three of the sources to develop your position on the pros and cons of telecommuting.

Source A: An article about the environmental benefits of telecommuting.
Source B: A study on productivity changes when employees work from home.
Source C: An interview with a psychologist discussing the social implications of telecommuting.
Source D: A business magazine article on the impact of telecommuting on company culture.
Source E: A blog post from a telecommuter sharing personal experiences.
Source F: An infographic with statistics on telecommuting trends.

Example Synthesis Essay

Title: Telecommuting: Balancing the Scale of Work-Life and Collaboration

In a world where the digital landscape is rapidly redefining the traditional workspace, telecommuting emerges as a beacon of modern employment. It promises a greener earth through fewer carbon emissions, a more balanced life away from the rigors of office commutes, and an autonomous work environment. However, these benefits come with trade-offs, such as potential obstacles to collaboration and a risk of worker isolation. By synthesizing insights from multiple sources, it becomes evident that telecommuting is a multifaceted issue that requires a nuanced approach to harness its benefits while mitigating its drawbacks.

The environmental argument for telecommuting, as presented in Source A, is compelling. The reduction in daily commutes translates to fewer cars on the road and a significant decrease in carbon footprint. This source posits that if employees with telework-compatible jobs worked from home even half the time, the national savings would total over $700 million in reduced oil consumption annually. The environmental benefits are clear, but they represent only one slice of the telecommuting pie.

Source B presents a more complex picture, suggesting that telecommuting can lead to increased productivity. The study details how employees often work longer hours from the comfort of their homes, free from the distractions of office politics and the time sink of daily commutes. However, this increased productivity does not necessarily equate to increased job satisfaction. The isolation mentioned in Source B can lead to a sense of disconnection from colleagues and the company culture.

The psychological impact of this isolation is further explored in Source C, where a psychologist asserts that human beings are inherently social creatures who thrive on interpersonal interactions. The psychologist warns that prolonged periods of isolation can lead to feelings of loneliness and can be detrimental to mental health—even more so in a work context where collaboration and team cohesion are essential.

Conversely, Source D argues that company culture does not have to suffer as a result of telecommuting. It proposes that with the right communication tools and regular in-person meetings, a company can maintain, if not strengthen, its culture. The article highlights companies that have successfully integrated telecommuting without sacrificing their collaborative ethos. This suggests that while telecommuting presents challenges to maintaining company culture, these challenges are not insurmountable with intentional effort.

The personal account in Source E provides a testament to the positive aspects of telecommuting, outlining the writer’s improved work-life balance, increased autonomy, and reduced stress levels. This perspective is valuable as it underscores the importance of individual differences. For some, the solitude of telecommuting is a blessing that allows for deep work and concentration, whereas for others, it can be a curse that breeds isolation and disconnection.

The infographic in Source F offers a broader overview, presenting data that reflects the growing trend of telecommuting. It states that telecommuting has increased by 44% over the last five years, suggesting that the workforce is adapting to this new model. This rise indicates that despite its challenges, telecommuting is meeting the needs of a significant portion of the workforce.

Considering the evidence, telecommuting presents a paradoxical challenge: it can both enhance and diminish the quality of the working experience. On the one hand, it can lead to environmental benefits, increased productivity, and improved work-life balance (Sources A, B, and E). On the other hand, it can impede collaboration and contribute to feelings of isolation (Sources C and D). The solution lies not in rejecting telecommuting outright but in approaching it with a strategy that fosters connection and collaboration while allowing for the flexibility that many workers desire.

In conclusion, telecommuting is not a one-size-fits-all solution. It is a flexible tool that, when used appropriately, can offer significant benefits to both the employee and the environment. Organizations and employees alike must strive to strike a balance—leveraging technology to maintain team unity, instituting regular check-ins to combat isolation, and promoting a culture that values both individual and collective success. As the workplace continues to evolve, so must our strategies for ensuring that telecommuting serves as a bridge to a more sustainable and satisfying professional life, rather than a barrier.

This synthesis essay integrates material from at least three of the provided sources to construct an argument. It carefully balances the pros and cons of telecommuting, providing a nuanced analysis of the issue. Remember that actual AP sources will contain more detailed information, and your essay should include direct reference to the content of the sources, including quotations and specific data where appropriate. Always cite the sources as Source A, Source B, etc., within your essay.

AP Language Synthesis Essay Example #2

Prompt: The rise of social media platforms has transformed the way people interact and consume information. While some praise social media for democratizing information and connecting people worldwide, others criticize it for contributing to the spread of misinformation and reducing the quality of public discourse. Based on the sources provided, write an essay that synthesizes at least three of the sources to argue whether social media has been more beneficial or detrimental to society.

Source A: An article on the role of social media in political movements.
Source B: A study examining the relationship between social media use and mental health.
Source C: A journalist’s opinion piece on the spread of misinformation through social media.
Source D: A report on the impact of social media on local businesses and economies.
Source E: A survey revealing how different generations use social media.
Source F: An interview with a social media platform developer discussing the intent behind the platform’s design.

Title: Navigating the Digital Maze: The Dual Faces of Social Media

In an age where a tweet can spark a revolution and a hashtag can unite millions, social media has become a fundamental pillar of modern communication. Its rapid ascendancy has ushered in a new era, where information is at the fingertips of anyone with internet access. This power to connect has been instrumental in driving political movements, as noted in Source A, which highlights the crucial role social media played in the Arab Spring. However, this connectivity comes at a price. As social media’s influence deepens, its capacity for harm seems to match its potential for good. The debate on whether social media serves as a force for societal benefit or detriment is multifaceted, and a synthesis of the provided sources reveals a complex web of consequences that social media weaves.

The democratizing power of social media is evident in its ability to mobilize and empower individuals, particularly in political contexts. Source A illustrates this through examples of social media as a tool for political activism, enabling citizens to organize, protest, and hold authorities accountable. This represents a significant shift in power dynamics, from a centralized broadcast model to a decentralized network where voices that were previously marginalized can now be amplified.

Despite these positive aspects, the argument that social media is a double-edged sword is well-founded. Source B presents alarming evidence linking excessive social media use to deteriorating mental health, especially among younger demographics. The constant comparison with others, cyberbullying, and the “fear of missing out” are cited as contributing factors to anxiety and depression. This correlation points to a darker side of social networks, where the quest for likes and follows can eclipse the quest for genuine human connection.

The pernicious spread of misinformation through social media platforms, as discussed in Source C, adds another layer of complexity. The piece elucidates how false information can go viral, sometimes with dire consequences. The recent proliferation of “fake news” has led to widespread confusion and a general mistrust in the information ecosystem. Social media, designed to facilitate the rapid exchange of information, has inadvertently become a conduit for deception on a grand scale.

However, not all effects of social media are so grim. Source D sheds light on its positive economic impacts, particularly for local businesses. By providing a platform for advertising and customer engagement, social media has enabled small businesses to flourish. The report suggests that social media has been a boon for entrepreneurship, offering affordable and effective marketing tools that were previously accessible only to large companies with substantial budgets.

The generational divide in social media use, as shown in Source E, suggests that the platform’s effects are not uniform across all age groups. While younger users may be more prone to the negative social impacts, older generations might leverage social media primarily for staying connected with family and friends, thus experiencing more of its benefits.

Lastly, Source F provides insight from the perspective of those behind the curtain: the developers of social media platforms. The interviewee reflects on the original intent of these networks—to connect people—and acknowledges that while the platforms have largely succeeded in this goal, they have also created unintended negative consequences.

In synthesizing these sources, it becomes clear that social media is neither wholly beneficial nor entirely detrimental. It is a reflection of humanity itself—capable of great good and great harm. The key lies in how individuals and societies choose to utilize this tool. Social media has the potential to be a formidable ally in the quest for a more informed and connected world, as long as users remain vigilant against its darker tendencies.

In conclusion, the impact of social media on society is akin to fire—a powerful element that can warm a home or raze it. It is incumbent upon users, platform developers, and policymakers alike to cultivate a virtual environment that fuels the flames of positive change while containing the destructive blazes of harm. As social media continues to evolve, so too should our understanding and regulation of its vast influence.

This essay integrates material from the provided sources and develops an argument about the complex nature of social media’s impact on society. It weaves together the benefits and drawbacks discussed in the sources to present a nuanced view that recognizes the power of social media as a tool whose ultimate effect depends on its use and regulation. Remember, in an actual AP Synthesis Essay, you would need to reference the sources more directly, including specific evidence and quotations, and provide in-text citations (Source A, Source B, etc.) within the body of your essay.

AP Language Synthesis Essay Example #3

Prompt: In recent years, the movement towards organic and locally sourced foods has gained momentum. Advocates claim that this shift is essential for health, environmental sustainability, and supporting local economies. Critics argue that it is an inefficient use of resources and can be economically divisive. Based on the sources provided, write an essay that synthesizes at least three of the sources to evaluate the validity of the movement towards organic and locally sourced foods.

Source A: A study on the health benefits of organic foods.
Source B: An economic analysis comparing the costs of local vs. imported foods.
Source C: An article on the environmental impact of local sourcing.
Source D: A food critic’s blog post questioning the superiority of organic food taste.
Source E: A sociologist’s research paper on food deserts and community access to organic foods.
Source F: A farmer’s interview about the challenges and rewards of local farming.

Title: The Organic Odyssey: Weighing the Costs and Benefits of a Local Plate

The push for organic and locally sourced foods has transformed from a niche interest into a significant cultural and economic movement. Proponents hail it as a panacea for a range of issues from health to the environment, while critics decry it as an impractical and elitist trend that exacerbates social inequalities. This dichotomy necessitates a critical examination of the widespread claims surrounding the movement. By drawing from various perspectives outlined in the provided sources, it is possible to construct a more measured appraisal of the push for organic and local food sourcing.

Source A presents compelling evidence on the health advantages of organic foods, citing lower pesticide levels and higher nutritional content. These health benefits provide a strong incentive for consumers to seek out organic options, potentially leading to better overall public health outcomes. Yet, the study does not fully address the economic implications of choosing organic, which can be significantly more expensive than conventionally grown produce.

The economic argument against the exclusive consumption of organic and local foods is expounded in Source B. The analysis reveals that local foods often come with a higher price tag due to the economies of scale enjoyed by larger, non-local farms. This cost difference can make organic and locally sourced foods less accessible to lower-income individuals, inadvertently contributing to a socioeconomic divide.

Environmental considerations are the focus of Source C, which underscores the reduced carbon footprint associated with local sourcing. By eliminating long-distance transportation, local sourcing minimizes greenhouse gas emissions, which is a clear environmental win. This source suggests that the benefits of local sourcing extend beyond the individual to global ecological health, reinforcing the environmental argument in favor of the local food movement.

However, Source D introduces a contrarian viewpoint, challenging the purported taste superiority of organic foods. The food critic argues that taste is subjective and that organic foods do not consistently outperform their non-organic counterparts in blind taste tests. This perspective is a reminder that personal preference should not be overlooked in the discourse on food sourcing and that taste alone may not justify the higher cost of organic foods for many consumers.

The issue of access is further complicated in Source E, which investigates food deserts—urban and rural areas where fresh, healthy food is difficult to obtain. The sociologist’s research highlights the disparity in access to organic foods, emphasizing that for many communities, the debate over organic versus conventional is moot when availability is the primary concern. This research implies that the movement toward organic and local foods must be accompanied by efforts to increase access and affordability if it is to be truly transformative.

Finally, Source F provides insight into the experiences of a local farmer, revealing the challenges faced by small-scale agriculture. The interview conveys the passion and dedication of local farmers and the value they place on sustainable practices. It also brings to light the financial and logistical hurdles that these farmers encounter in a market dominated by large agribusinesses.

Synthesizing these sources, it becomes evident that the movement toward organic and locally sourced foods is neither an unequivocal good nor an outright misstep. It offers tangible benefits in health and environmental sustainability but also poses significant economic and access challenges. The validity of this movement, therefore, hinges on a delicate balance: promoting the growth of organic and local food markets while ensuring that these options are affordable and accessible to all segments of the population.

In conclusion, the organic and local food movement has the potential to be a force for positive change, provided that it does not become an exclusive club for the affluent. Bridging the gap between healthful, sustainable food and the diverse needs of a broad consumer base requires policy innovations, community support initiatives, and continued dialogue. As the movement evolves, it must strive to include rather than divide, to nourish both the body and the fabric of society.

In this synthesis essay, the sources provided are integrated to explore the complexity of the organic and locally sourced food movement. The essay examines the movement from multiple angles, considering health, economic, environmental, taste preference, accessibility, andpersonal perspectives. It does not outright reject or accept the movement but rather calls for a nuanced approach that acknowledges its benefits and addresses its limitations. In an actual AP Synthesis Essay, direct references to the sources with in-text citations (Source A, Source B, etc.) would be included to support the points made, and quotations might be used for evidence. The essay would demonstrate how the writer can engage with multiple viewpoints and synthesize them into a coherent argument.

Final Thoughts

The synthesis essay on the AP Language exam presents a unique opportunity to showcase your ability to think critically, argue effectively, and integrate information from multiple sources. By understanding the prompt, examining the sources critically, developing a strong thesis, organizing your thoughts clearly, and employing rhetorical strategies skillfully, you can compose an essay that demonstrates your readiness for college-level work and beyond.

Remember, the key to success is practice. The more you work on reading critically, writing essays, and synthesizing information, the more adept you will become at this challenging but rewarding task. Good luck on your AP Language journey!

About Mr. Greg

Mr. Greg is an English teacher from Edinburgh, Scotland, currently based in Hong Kong. He has over 5 years teaching experience and recently completed his PGCE at the University of Essex Online. In 2013, he graduated from Edinburgh Napier University with a BEng(Hons) in Computing, with a focus on social media.

Mr. Greg’s English Cloud was created in 2020 during the pandemic, aiming to provide students and parents with resources to help facilitate their learning at home.

Whatsapp: +85259609792

[email protected]

Synthesis - 2019 AP Language Wind Farms Debriefing

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This is a debriefing I use with my students after they have written the 2019 exam synthesis essay in class. I debrief the rhetorical situation, break down the text, and then ask students to self-assess their work using the College Board synthesis rubric. Often, I do this as part of a "hell week" in which students write an essay a day for 3 days straight.

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Synthesis
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AP Lang Synthesis Essay Notes by Emily Mendez on Prezi
How to Write a Synthesis Essay
How to Write an AP Lang Synthesis Essay: A Complete Guide

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Lifetime Extension Analysis in windPRO
Synthesis
10 Lines On Wind/Essay On Wind/Essay On Global Wind Day/Global Wind Day Essay/Wind Essay/Wind Day l
ARP Wind Dream
Do I Need to Read All the Synthesis Sources? #aplang
The BEST Way to Break Down the Argument Prompt!

COMMENTS

PDF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION
There are good factors such as, wind is clean and renewable, as well as the cost. There are also bad factors such as the appearance and size that they are. These turbines are useful and can be used all over the world. AP English Language and Composition Question 1: Synthesis (2019) Sample Student Responses.
PDF AP English Language and Composition Question 1: Synthesis (2019) Sample
AP English Language and Composition Question 1: Synthesis (2019) Sample Student Responses 5 must be considered so that agencies can place their beneficial, clean, and safe turbines in places where they will be appreciated. [4] In the ongoing, controversial debate surrounding wind farms, agencies looking to establish
PDF AP English Language and Composition
In your response you should do the following: Respond to the prompt with a thesis that presents a defensible position. Select and use evidence from at least three of the provided sources to support your line of reasoning. Indicate clearly the sources used through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary.
How to Write a Perfect Synthesis Essay for the AP Language Exam
Paragraph 1: The prompt presents and briefly explains the topic that you'll be writing your synthesis essay about. That topic is the concept of eminent domain. Paragraph 2: The prompt presents a specific claim about the concept of eminent domain in this paragraph: Eminent domain is productive and beneficial.This paragraph instructs you to decide whether you want to defend, challenge, or ...
How to Write the AP Lang Synthesis Essay + Example
The AP Lang exam has two sections. The first consists of 45 multiple choice questions which need to be completed in an hour. This portion counts for around 45% of your total score. These questions ask students to analyze written pieces and answer questions related to each respective passage.
PDF AP English Language and Composition
The use of wind turbines for power has many benefits and also many potential disadvantages. All of these things should be considered when establishing a wind farm." [Sample H] Address. the. topic of the. prompt. but state an obvious fact as a claim • "Today, there are over 800 wind turbines in America. But, is this. source of energy a ...
Establishing a Line of Reasoning
Let's Connect on Social Media:Coach Hall Writes Teacher Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/Coach-Hall-Writes-107100124435817Teacher Instagram: www.insta...
PDF AP English Language and Composition FRQ 1 Scoring Commentaries with
AP English Language and Composition ... Row A Row B Row C LL 14 A 14 TT 1 4 0 II 13 L 1 3 0 D 31 0 E 1 2 0 G 1 1 0 HH 0 2 0 H 0 1 0 . AP English Language and Composition Question 1: Synthesis Scoring Commentaries on 2020 Rubrics (Applied to 2019 Student Responses) ... individuals/agencies must consider wind farms "placement and size" to ...
PDF AP® English Language and Composition
Question 1. Suggested reading and writing time—55 minutes. It is suggested that you spend 15 minutes reading the question, analyzing and evaluating the sources, and 40 minutes writing your response. Note: You may begin writing your response before the reading period is over. (This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score ...
PDF AP English Language and Composition
6 - Adequate. Essays earning a score of 6 adequately develop a position on the most important factors that an individual or agency should consider when deciding whether to establish a wind farm. They develop their position by adequately synthesizing at least three of the sources.
PDF AP English Language and Composition
sophisticated in their argument, thorough in development, or impressive in their control of language. 8 - Effective Essays earning a score of 8 effectively develop a position on the most important factors that an individual or agency should consider when deciding whether to establish a wind farm. They develop their position by
AP English Language and Composition Past Exam Questions
Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]. Note ...
Synthesis Videos (AP Lang Q1)
This playlist contains instructional videos writing a synthesis essay for the AP Language exam.
Synthesis Essay Intro
This is the case for class papers to the big essays on the AP® Lang exam. However, it is incredibly stressful to develop a strong introduction when time goes so quickly. ... This is a great way to ensure the reader fully understands the terms within your synthesis essay intro. Ex: Wind farms, an isolated area containing wind turbines used to ...
2019 Wind Farm Synthesis
2019 Wind Farm Synthesis - Student Sample - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free.
Synthesis Essay Materials
The two synthesis essay questions below are examples of the question type that has been one of the three free-response questions on the AP English Language and Composition Exam as of the May 2007 exam. The synthesis question asks students to synthesize information from a variety of sources to inform their own discussion of a topic. Students are given a 15-minute reading period to accommodate ...
2019 Wind Farm Sample SCORE LL.pdf
AP English Language and Composition Question 1: Synthesis Scoring Commentaries on 2020 Rubrics (Applied to 2019 Student Responses) 2 September 2019 Sample LL 6/6 Points (A1 - B4 - C1) Row A: 1/1 The response earned a point for Row A because it presents a clear thesis that responds to the prompt and takes a position on the factors that individuals/agencies "ought to ponder.
Short Essay: AP Language Synthesis
AP Language Synthesis Essay Example #3. Prompt: In recent years, the movement towards organic and locally sourced foods has gained momentum. Advocates claim that this shift is essential for health, environmental sustainability, and supporting local economies. ... non-local farms. This cost difference can make organic and locally sourced foods ...
AP Lang essays 1 and 3 : r/APStudents
11 votes, 24 comments. For my synthesis essay I think I possibly misinterpreted the question a little and I said wind farms would help they…
Synthesis
This is a debriefing I use with my students after they have written the 2019 exam synthesis essay in class. I debrief the rhetorical situation, break down the text, and then ask students to self-assess their work using the College Board synthesis rubric. Often, I do this as part of a "hell week" in ...
PDF Chief Reader Report on Student Responses
9.9. 18.2. 26.2. 31.2. 14.5. The following comments on the 2019 free-response questions for AP® English Language were written by the Chief Reader, Elizabethada A. Wright, Professor, University of Minnesota Duluth. They give an overview of each free-response question and of how students performed on the question, including typical student errors.
Copy of EXTRA CREDIT SYNTHESIS ESSAY SAMPLE (wind farms)
EXTRA CREDIT SYNTHESIS ESSAY SAMPLE Name _____ AP English Language and Composition Read the following sample essay in response to the Synthesis Prompt. This essay earned a perfect score of 6 out of 6. Answer the questions that follow each paragraph. You can earn 10 points added to your Timed Synthesis essay for completing this assignment.
PDF AP English Language and Composition
an essay that analyzes the rhetorical choices Dove makes to convey her message about what she wishes for her audience of grad uating students. In your response you should do the following : • Respond to the prompt with a thesis that analyzes the writer's rhetorical choices.

Choose Your Test

Synthesis Essay AP Lang: What It Is and How It Works

Full Breakdown of a Real AP Lang Synthesis Essay Prompt

Step 1: Analyze the Prompt

Step 2: Read the Sources Carefully

Step 3: Write a Strong Thesis Statement

Step 4: Create a Bare-Bones Essay Outline

Step 5: Draft Your Essay Response

Real-Life AP Synthesis Essay Example and Analysis

Example Synthesis Essay AP Lang Response

Thesis Development

Evidence and Commentary

Sophistication of Thought

4 Tips for How to Write a Synthesis Essay

Tip 1: Read the Prompt First

Tip 2: Make Notes While You Read

Tip 3: Start With the Thesis Statement

Tip 4: Focus on Your Commentary

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How to Write the AP Lang Synthesis Essay + Example

What’s Covered:

Step 1: Analyze the Prompt

Step 2: Read the Sources Carefully

Step 3: Write a Strong Thesis Statement

Step 4: Create a Minimal Essay Outline

Step 5: Write your Essay

Here are six must-have tips and tricks to get a good score on the synthesis essay:

Discover your chances at hundreds of schools

Here is an example prompt and essay from 2019 that received 5 of the 6 total points available:

Related CollegeVine Blog Posts

Synthesis Essay Intro

More than a Thesis

Definition Sentence

Provide Context in Your Synthesis Essay Intro

Explain Both Sides

The Most Important Part of the Synthesis Essay Intro: The Thesis

Here’s an example of a sentence frame you can use: While it may be true that…, one would be remiss not to consider that….

Synthesis Essay Intro Example

Here is a synthesis essay introduction example.

Here’s another synthesis intro example:

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Short Essay: AP Language Synthesis

Understanding the Synthesis Essay

Step 1: Analyze the Prompt

Step 2: Examine the Sources

Step 3: Develop a Thesis

Step 4: Create an Outline

Step 5: Write the Introduction

Step 6: Craft the Body Paragraphs

Step 7: Use Transitions

Step 8: Conclude with Strength

Step 9: Cite Your Sources

Step 10: Revise and Proofread

Tips for Success

Example Synthesis Prompt and Thesis

AP Language Synthesis Essay Example #1

Example Synthesis Essay

AP Language Synthesis Essay Example #2

AP Language Synthesis Essay Example #3

Final Thoughts

About Mr. Greg

Synthesis - 2019 AP Language Wind Farms Debriefing

Description

Questions & Answers

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VIDEO

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