web 1.0 essay

Table of Contents

What is web 1.0, what is web 2.0, what is web 3.0, uses of web 1.0, web 2.0, web 3.0, potential and pitfalls of web 3.0 , what are the differences between the web 1.0, web 2.0, and web 3.0, what are the similarities between the web 1.0, web 2.0, and web 3.0, what are the features of the web 1.0, web 2.0, and web 3.0, web 1.0 vs. web 2.0: a closer comparison , looking beyond web 3.0, what is web 2.5, what is web 4.0, demystify the web through a certification in web design, what is web 1.0, web 2.0, and web 3.0 definitions, differences & similarities.

The digital age comes with its own lexicon, a bewildering array of buzz phrases, words, and acronyms designed to confuse as much as they are to inform. Many of these new terms have found their way into our everyday vocabularies, although the meanings often get confused and blurred.

For instance, many people use “the Web” and “the Internet” interchangeably when they are, in fact, two different things. Furthermore, there’s more than one version of the Web. Are you intrigued yet?

This article will help you differentiate between Web 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0. It provides a Web 1.0 definition, Web 2.0 definition, Web 3.0 definition, Web 1.0 2.0 3.0 examples, and comparisons such as Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0.

So, let’s look at three different versions of this crucial online resource.

Oh, and incidentally, here's the difference between the Web and the Internet. The Web, formerly referred to as the World Wide Web, is the pages/sites you see when you log online. The Internet is a series of interconnected computer systems the Web functions on, plus the medium allows files and e-mails to travel along.

Or put another way, the Internet is the highway system that connects many cities, and the Web is the collection of rest stops, gas stations, convenience stores, and other stops. All versions of the Web have used and continue to use the Internet to connect users with websites and each other. That characteristic remains a constant.

Also, as an aside, no one really uses the term “World Wide Web” anymore. We still have a remnant of the phrase, though, because most URLs begin with the letters “www,” which unsurprisingly stand for “World Wide Web.” It’s an indelible part of our Internet culture!

Okay, on with the different Web versions. What are the differences between Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0, and what are their similarities?

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Basically, this first version of the Web consisted of a few people creating web pages and content and web pages for a large group of readers, allowing them to access facts, information, and content from the sources. 

Or you can sum up Web 1.0 like this: it was designed to help people better find information. This web version dealt was dedicated to users searching for data. This web version is sometimes called “the read-only Web” because it lacks the necessary forms, visuals, controls, and interactivity we enjoy on today’s Internet.

People use the term “Web 1.0” to describe the earliest form of the Internet. Users saw the first example of a worldwide network that hinted at future digital communication and information-sharing potential.

Here are a few characteristics found in Web 1.0:

• It’s made up of static pages connected to a system via hyperlinks
• It has HTML 3.2 elements like frames and tables
• HTML forms get sent through e-mail
• The content comes from the server's filesystem, not a relational database management system
• It features GIF buttons and graphics

Take a real-world dictionary, digitize everything in it, and make it accessible to people online to look at (but not be able to react to it). Boom. That’s Web 1.0.

If Web 1.0 was made up of a small number of people generating content for a larger audience, then Web 2.0 is many people creating even more content for a growing audience. Web 1.0 focused on reading; Web 2.0 focused on participating and contributing.

This Internet form emphasizes User-Generated Content (UGC), ease of use, interactivity, and improved compatibility with other systems and devices. Web 2.0 is all about the end user's experience. Consequently, this Web form was responsible for creating communities, collaborations, dialogue, and social media. As a result, Web 2.0 is considered the primary form of web interaction for most of today's users.

If Web 1.0 was called “the read-only Web,” Web 2.0 is known as “the participative social Web.” Web 2.0 is a better, more enhanced version of its predecessor, incorporating web browser technologies such as JavaScript frameworks.

Here’s a breakdown of typical Web 2.0 characteristics:

• It offers free information sorting, allowing users to retrieve and classify data collectively
• It contains dynamic content that responds to the user’s input
• It employs Developed Application Programming Interfaces (API)
• It encourages self-usage and allows forms of interaction like:
• Social media
• Curating with RSS
• Social networking
• Web content voting
• It’s used by society at large and not limited to specific communities.

Mobile Internet access and the rise of social networks have contributed to a dramatic upturn in Web 2.0’s growth. This explosion is also fueled by the rampant popularity of mobile devices such as Android-powered devices and iPhones. In addition, Web 2.0's growth made it possible for apps such as TikTok, Twitter, and YouTube to expand and dominate the online landscape.

You’re using Web 2.0 at this exact moment, you know.

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And finally, we come to the latest Web iteration.

When trying to figure out the definitive web 3.0 meaning, we need to look into the future. Although there are elements of Web 3.0 currently available today, it still has a way to go before it reaches full realization.

Web 3.0, which is also referred to as Web3, is built on a foundation consisting of the core ideas of decentralization, openness, and more excellent user utility. Web 1.0 is the "read-only Web," Web 2.0 is the "participative social Web," and Web 3.0 is the "read, write, execute Web."

This Web interaction and utilization stage moves users away from centralized platforms like Facebook, Google, or Twitter and towards decentralized, nearly anonymous platforms. World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee initially called Web 3.0 the Semantic Web and envisioned an intelligent, autonomous, and open Internet that used Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to act as a "global brain" and process content conceptually and contextually.

This idealized version didn’t quite pan out due to technological limitations, like how expensive and complicated it is to convert human language into something readily understood by computers.

Here’s a list of typical Web 3.0 characteristics:

• It's a semantic web, where the web technology evolves into a tool that lets users create, share, and connect content via search and analysis. It is based on comprehension of words instead of numbers and keywords.
• It incorporates Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. If these concepts are combined with Natural Language Processing (NLP) , the result is a computer that uses Web 3.0 to become smarter and more responsive to user needs.
• It presents the connectivity of multiple devices and applications through the Internet of Things (IoT) . Semantic metadata makes this process possible, allowing all available information to be effectively leveraged. In addition, people can connect to the Internet anytime, anywhere, without needing a computer or smart device.
• It offers users the freedom to interact publicly or privately without having an intermediary expose them to risks, therefore offering people “trustless” data.
• It uses 3-D graphics. In fact, we already see this in computer games, virtual tours, and e-commerce.
• It facilitates participation without needing authorization from a governing body. It’s permissionless.
• It can be used for:
• Metaverses: A 3D-rendered, boundless, virtual world
• Blockchain games: They allow users to have actual ownership of in-game resources, following the principles of NFTs
• Privacy and digital infrastructure: This use includes zero-knowledge proofs and more secure personal information
• Decentralized finance. This use includes payment Blockchains, peer-to-peer digital financial transactions, smart contracts, and cryptocurrency
• Decentralized autonomous organizations. Community members own online communities

Web 3.0 ultimately lets users interact, exchange information, and securely conduct financial transactions without a centralized authority or coordinator. As a result, each user becomes a content owner instead of just a content user.

Remember that Web 3.0 isn't entirely in place. However, we are already seeing elements of Web 3.0 working their way into our Internet experiences, such as NFTs, Blockchain, Distributed ledgers, and the AR cloud. Additionally, Siri is Web 3.0 technology, as is the Internet of Things. However, if and when the full implementation happens, it will be closer to Berners-Lee's initial vision of Web 3.0. As he puts it, it will be a place with "no permission is needed from a central authority to post anything … there is no central controlling node, and so no single point of failure … and no "kill switch."

Unfortunately, there is still a lot of work to be done, especially in speech recognition; human speech has a staggering variety of nuances and terms that technology can't fully comprehend. There have been advances, but the process hasn't yet been perfected.

• Uses of Web 1.0: Web 1.0 functions as a CDN (content delivery network), allowing a chunk of the website to be displayed on the website. As a result, it can be used as a personal website. The users would be charged in terms of each page view. It is made up of directories that allow its users to get a certain collection of information.
• Uses of Web 2.0: The social web comprises numerous platforms and tools. People contribute their opinions, insights, experiences, and thoughts on these sites. Thus, Web 2.0 tends to interact substantially more with its end users. These end users are not only the users of the programmes, but also the participants/viewers generated by podcasts, tagging, blogging, RSS curation, Web content voting, Social media, Social networking, Social bookmarking, and many more.
• Uses of Web 3.0: Web 3.0 are enhanced variations of the original Web 1.0 from the 1990s and early 2000s. Web 3.0 is the next generation of the current web that we are familiar with. 
• Data ownership. You will have the choice of what details you want to provide to companies and advertising agencies, and you will be able to make money off of it.
• There are fewer middlemen. 
• Transparency -  Every stakeholder will constantly be aware of the worth and business they are connected to.
• The improvement of internet data connections will be made possible via the semantic web.
• Users will need a device with above-average hardware to access Web3.
• For newbies, it could be a little challenging to understand.
• Difficult to regulate.
• Simple access to users' private and open data

Let’s break down and examine the differences between the three Webs using this handy table.

 Incidentally, just as the age range of various generations differs depending on who you get the information from (things like boomers, Generation X, and millennials), there’s also variance in Web version activity. For example, some sources classify Web 1.0 as 1990-2000, Web 2.0 as 2000-2010, and Web 3.0 as 2010-onward.

We can also say that Web 1.0 helped people find things online better, Web 2.0 enabled people to experience things better, and Web 3.0 helped people create things online better.

If you take a good look at all three different web versions, you notice that they only have a few fundamental traits in common. They are:

• They all deal with the relationship between end-users and information
• They all provide users with an iteration of the “read” function
• They all rely on the Internet to expedite their tasks

Here’s a breakdown of each web version’s salient features.

• No user-to-server communication
• Static websites
• Content browsing only
• Hyper-linking and bookmarking pages
• Read-only Web
• Improved user interaction over Web 1.0
• Web applications introduced
• Functions such as online documents, video streaming, etc.
• Everything moves online; information and apps are stored on servers
• Interactive advertising and pay-per-click
• Cloud computing operations
• Centralized data
• Read and Write Web
• Intelligent, web-based functionalities and applications
• Decentralized processes
• A fusion of Web technology and Knowledge Representation
• Behavioral advertising and engagement
• Edge computing
• Live videos
• The Internet of Things (IoT)
• Semantic searches
• Read, Write, and Control Web

Let’s take a closer look at these two versions of the Web, especially since they are the iterations that the majority of users are most familiar with. Long-standing Internet users are no doubt familiar with the “old” Internet (Web 1.0), and Web 2.0 is the default standard today, so everyone has experienced it in one way or another. We have elements of Web 3.0 here and there, but it hasn’t been rolled out as a complete entity yet.

The best way to accurately compare Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0 is by analogy. Let’s say someone hands you a book to read. You read it, but you can’t change any of the words in it. That’s what Web 1.0 was like. On the other hand, if someone offered you a different book and a red editor’s pencil and told you that you can not only read the book but also use the pencil to make changes or additions to it, well, that’s Web 2.0.

So, Web 1.0 information can’t be modified, while Web 2.0 information can. Web 1.0 is a static Web with linear information, and Web 2.0 is a dynamic Web that contains non-linear information. Linear information is defined as text that must be read in the traditional straight-line format, from beginning to end. Non-linear, on the other hand, has no such restrictions, and can be read in any order the reader wishes.

Web 1.0 is a static form of the Web, while the Web 2.0 is a dynamic entity. Then we add Web 3.0 back in the mix and see how it takes the user experience to the next level.

Yes, there is already talk of a Web 4.0! Speculation is rampant, with people theorizing that it will be more cerebral and address the decentralization issues raised by Web 3.0. Decentralization isn't perfect and will require extensive fine-tuning if it's adopted on a large scale.

There are even some pundits who speculate that Web 4.0 will be the ultimate step in Web evolution, with users accessing the Web via physical implants! Depending on your sensibilities, that is either a very cool idea or an absolute dystopian nightmare!

And for anyone who thinks that idea is too much in the realm of science fiction, remember that we have wearable tech in the present, things like FitBits, or heart monitors that send information to the patient’s Primary Care Provider. It's not too big of a move to a device that’s implanted in the user that allows Web access at will and bypasses the need for a hand-held mobile device.

But no matter what Web 4.0 will look like, it's still decades away. So, for now, the IT world is busy trying to implement Web 3.0 fully.

Businesses operating on the blockchain that fall between Web2 and Web3 are increasingly referred to as Web 2.5. The rationale for this is that users want the benefits of a platform built on a blockchain.

The term "Internet 4.0," also referred to as "Web 4.0," is used to refer to a future stage of the Web where users may interact more easily. The growing use of social media and mobile devices in this generation is distinctive.

Application development for an ever-evolving web landscape will continue to create new career opportunities. Understanding the history of the web gives you core context if you are considering a career in this field or if you’re looking to advance in your current career but not up to date.. 

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1. What is Web 1.0?

The name "Web 1.0" refers to the original version of the Internet as it emerged from its roots with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and became, for the first time, a worldwide network symbolizing the future of digital communications. It defines the initial "iteration" of what evolved into a developing, changing medium that eventually extended into a platform with extensive multi-functional applications.

2. What are some examples of Web 1.0?

MySpace and LiveJournal are two of the most visible instances of Web 1.0. These websites were primarily personal and lacked the corporate aspect of today's sites.

3. What is Web 2.0?

When it comes to describing web 2.0, the word refers to internet apps that allow individuals to share and collaborate while also allowing them to express themselves online. Web 2.0 refers to the business transformation in the computer industry triggered by the shift to the internet as a platform and any endeavor to comprehend the rules of success on that new platform.

4. What is Web 3.0?

Decentralization, blockchain technology, and token-based economics are the core characteristics of Web 3.0 (also called Web 3.0). Web 3.0 (Web3) is a third-generation advancement in web technology. World Wide Web is the term used to describe the primary layer of the internet that provides services for websites and applications. Because Web 3.0 is continuously expanding and being defined, there is no canonical, widely acknowledged definition. Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) will also assist in enabling more intelligent and adaptable applications.

5. Are Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 the same?

They are not. Web 1.0 is a static Web with linear content, whereas Web 2.0 is a dynamic Web with non-linear content.

6. What do Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 do?

Web 1.0 is known as the "read-only Web."  This is known as the "participative social Web," whereas Web 3.0 is known as the "read, write, execute Web." This stage of Web engagement and use shifts users away from centralized platforms such as Facebook, Google, and Twitter and toward decentralized, practically anonymous services.

7. Which is faster, Web 1.0 or Web 2.0?

Data is only updated once in a while in Web 1.0 since most of the content on the screen is static. On the other hand, the material on Web 2.0 is highly dynamic, and it is updated at a rapid pace. As a result, Web 2.0 has an advantage over Web 1.0.

8. Which is better overall, Web 1.0 or Web 2.0?

Web 1.0 was dubbed "the read-only Web," while Web 2.0 is dubbed "the participatory social Web." Web 2.0 is an improved version of Web 1.0, combining web browser features such as JavaScript frameworks. The information displayed on-screen in Web 1.0 is primarily static, and even the website’s data is updated only once in several months. With Web 2.0, information is exceedingly dynamic and updated at an exceptionally quick rate.

9. Difference between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0?

Web 1.0 focused on reading; Web 2.0 focused on engaging and contributing. eg: browser technologies such as AJAX and JavaScript frameworks are employed in Web 2.0 development. 

10. What are some Web 1.0 examples?

Two of the most well-known Web 1.0 examples are MySpace and LiveJournal.

11. Which of the two is much faster: Web 1.0 or Web 2.0?

Since the majority of the content on the screen in Web 1.0 is static, data is only sometimes refreshed. The content on Web 2.0, on the other hand, is extremely dynamic and updated frequently.

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What is Web 1.0? Everything You Need to Know About the Early Internet‘s History and Evolution

• by history tools
• November 12, 2023

Imagine an internet without social media, viral videos, memes, or even easy ways to share photos. A time before Google, when finding useful information required digging through crude online directories rather than simply searching. The time before blogs, ecommerce, or interactive sites – when the web was largely a text-based medium.

This was the World Wide Web in its infancy – a now unrecognizable version referred to as Web 1.0.

Web 1.0 refers approximately to the first decade of the web, from 1989 until the early 2000s. It marked the transition of the internet into a revolutionary new information sharing platform. The era saw the web go from a niche field for academics and engineers to a mainstream technology upending communication, business, and society.

While we take our booming internet for granted now, it‘s important to understand these humble beginnings. So let‘s journey back in time and explore the origins of the modern web during the Web 1.0 years.

How Did Web 1.0 Get Its Start? (Late 1980s)

It‘s hard to imagine life without the ubiquitous internet – a technology many think has simply always existed. But groundbreaking work in the late 1980s is what brought the World Wide Web to life from concept to reality.

To understand Web 1.0‘s origins, we have to go back even further to the 1960s-70s when early networks like ARPANET emerged. These closed systems connected research institutions for the exchange of data. While email and file transfers were possible, there was no standardized way to access linked documents through hypertext on the open internet.

That changed in 1989 when scientist Tim Berners-Lee proposed a new project called Mesh while working at CERN research labs in Switzerland. Berners-Lee imagined a system where disparate computers could access documents linked through hypertext – the foundation of the web.

"Having the Web be distributed rather than centralized was extremely important technically and socially," – Tim Berners-Lee reflecting on his motivations.

After receiving approval, he wrote his initial proposal and plan for Mesh in March 1989. By the end of 1990, Berners-Lee had already created the first web browser, web server, and web page.

Some key innovations that made the web possible include:

• HTML – HyperText Markup Language for formatting pages
• HTTP – Protocol for retrieving linked documents
• URLs – Unique identifiers for resources

The infrastructure was in place. On August 6th, 1991, the first website in history went online on Berners-Lee‘s NeXT computer at CERN. This introduced the radical concept of the web to the world.

The first website provided basic information on this groundbreaking system including instructions on how to setup your own web server!

By 1992, there were about 50 total websites online, comprising a tiny fraction of all internet hosts. But most were unaware this newfangled World Wide Web even existed. Breakthroughs in 1993 would soon change everything.

Mid 1990s – Web 1.0 Comes Into Its Own

Growth of the web was slow until the launch of Mosaic in 1993 – the first graphical web browser made for ordinary PCs. Created by Marc Andreessen and others at NCSA, Mosaic opened the web to a much broader audience through an intuitive clickable interface.

Over the next decade from the mid 1990s to early 2000s, innovations across technology, business, and communication models rapidly pushed the web into the mainstream during Web 1.0:

More user-friendly browsers like Netscape Navigator (created by Marc Andreessen) and Internet Explorer made the web increasingly accessible. New browsing features like tabs, bookmarks and security helped grow adoption.

Search engines like Yahoo, Excite, AskJeeves, and eventually Google emerged to index the rapidly expanding web and help users find information.

Ecommerce and business applications took off as sites like Amazon, eBay, Pizza Hut and Craigslist introduced new models for shopping, auctions, job ads and services online.

Mainstream media and entertainment companies like NYTimes, Disney, and MTV established web presences.

Personal homepages proliferated through platforms like Geocities, Angelfire and Tripod, allowing everyday internet users to create their own small piece of the web.

Web directories like Yahoo and DMOZ cataloged the web through manually compiled categorized links and descriptions as an early form of navigation and search.

Multimedia content became more common with adoption of plugins like Flash, Shockwave, and Java allowing animation, video, and interactive elements.

Exponential growth in sites, users, traffic, and hype led to the dot-com bubble through the late 90s until the eventual crash.

Some key milestones demonstrating the web‘s move into mainstream adoption:

• 1994 – Pizza Hut launches one of the first online stores for ordering pizza
• 1995 – Amazon, eBay, Craigslist, Match.com and other pioneering sites launch
• 1996 – Hotmail offers the first webmail service
• 1997 – Google.com is registered as a domain; Netflix launches DVD rentals online
• 1998 – Google Search is founded and quickly rises over other engines
• 1999 – Blogger allows anyone to publish and share their personal stories online
• 2000 – The dot-com bubble peaks with over 450 million web users worldwide

The culture around Web 1.0 was idealistic with a belief that this new internet technology would provide free access to information and revolutionize communication. But this naive optimism led to the dot-com bubble‘s burst. Nonetheless, the groundwork was laid for the next generation.

Defining Technical Features of Web 1.0 Sites

Web 1.0 sites seem extremely limited now, but introduced concepts that still underpin how we interact online today. Some key technical characteristics include:

Read-only static pages – Sites just displayed text and content without interaction. Communication was one-way.

Hyperlinked pages – Linked HTML documents created nonlinear web navigation vs. old linear media.

Directories not search engines – The web was navigated through manually compiled categorized directories from sites like Yahoo.

Basic technology – Programming languages, software, hardware limitations restricted site dynamics and speed. Simple HTML layouts were the norm.

Minimal multimedia – Small low resolution images were common, but photography, video and audio were still rare.

No social features – The participatory social web had not been created yet. Users were seen as passive readers.

Non-commercial focus – Most sites provided information or content rather than selling products, ads, or data.

Niche audience – Primarily academics, engineers, and hobbyists used the web. Just 16 million users by 1995.

Open culture – Values around freedom of information and access still persisted, with little corporate involvement.

While laughably basic by today‘s standards, this read-only web laid the groundwork for the dynamic interactive web applications we enjoy today in the Web 2.0 era and beyond.

The Epic Browser Wars – Internet Explorer vs. Netscape Navigator

As the web grew in the 90‘s, a fierce battle for supremacy emerged between Microsoft‘s Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator – the "browser wars" exemplifying the commercialization of Web 1.0.

Netscape Navigator initially dominated the market thanks to its heritage as the successor to pioneering Mosaic browser. But Microsoft recognized the strategic importance of controlling web browsers as gateways to this new digital world.

Beginning in 1995, Microsoft adopted questionable tactics to beat Netscape and promote Internet Explorer, including:

• Bundling IE with Windows
• Not supporting web standards and instead encouraging IE-specific code
• Giving away IE for free while Netscape charged
• Locking out competitors from Windows through restrictive licensing

Microsoft leveraged their Windows monopoly to muscle out Netscape. IE surpassed Navigator in market share by 1999 – a blow to many who hoped an open web would prevail. This illustrated the increasingly cutthroat business landscape of Web 1.0 in the late 90s.

"A lot of people think the browser wars were about which browser had better features. But it wasn‘t about that at all," said Gary Davidian, software engineer. "It was really about control over the internet experience."

The browser wars marked a transition – the idealistic early web was giving way to a highly commercialized competitive world by the end of Web 1.0.

Transitioning From Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 (Early 2000s)

There is no definitive point when Web 1.0 ended and Web 2.0 began. The transition occurred gradually over several years as the culture and technology of the web evolved.

By the early 2000s, sites were becoming more dynamic thanks to innovations like:

Flash – Allowed rich multimedia content and interactivity not possible with just HTML.

JavaScript & AJAX – Enabled dynamic scripting of webpages based on user input and behaviors.

Blog platforms like Blogger and content management systems like Drupal empowered anyone to easily publish content.

Social networks like Friendster, MySpace, and LinkedIn demonstrated the potential of connecting users online.

Crowdsourcing and user generated content began emerging with sites like Wikipedia and YouTube.

Broadband expansion drove increased multimedia usage including audio, video, and complex apps and games.

Participatory and interactive design eclipsed static brochure model of Web 1.0 sites.

Other shifts included the evolution of text-based directories to modern search engines driven by algorithms like Google PageRank. And the dot-com bubble bursting led to a focus on data, advertising revenue, and valuations based on site traffic and engagement over abstract concepts of "eyeballs".

"Web 2.0 is really about harnessing collective intelligence – mining the brains of the connected population to create better experiences for users," said Jason Fried, founder of 37Signals.

If Web 1.0 was about static information delivery, Web 2.0 was about dynamic and participatory experiences. The ingredients for today‘s social internet were being baked.

The Lasting Cultural and Technical Legacy of Web 1.0

It’s easy to dismiss Web 1.0 as the crude early days of the internet – an era of ugly primitive websites with few users. But this overlooks just how revolutionary this period was, laying the groundwork for the internet age.

These early pioneers defined the technical foundations we still build upon – establishing concepts like hypertext links, browsing for navigation, and search engines for discovery that remain integral. Web 1.0 introduced models for online communication, commerce, networking, sharing media, self-publishing and more that were radical at the time.

Mainstream culture and business had to rapidly adapt to this new digital platform that challenged old assumptions. Even with subsequent technological leaps, the internet still retains some of the open culture and ethos born from Web 1.0‘s academic and hobbyist roots.

And for those old enough to experience Web 1.0 as internet pioneers, there is nostalgia for that brief time when the web still felt like a small, weird, exciting world full of potential before it consumed everything.

Web 1.0 showed just how quickly technology could transform society. We‘re still grappling with many of the societal impacts, good and bad, that the internet revolution precipitated.

So while primitive or even tedious by today‘s standards, Web 1.0 marked a pivotal transition for communication, culture, business and technology felt to this day. We owe a debt to the innovators of that era who brought the web mainstream and kickstarted the internet age.

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Web Form Evolution: From Web 1.0 to Web 3.0 Essay

Web 1.0: also called the Read-Only era represented the static websites where the user got limited to reading information presented to him. It represented a one-way information flow just like a school library. It missed the interchange of information between consumers and the producers of information. The examples are the many static websites during the DotCom boom which presented the internet before 1999 (Mike, 2006). Many experts call it the hot-mail and fully static website era. The webmaster got concerned with updating the website and providing information to the users. Today’s users get concerned with more than just information. This leads to the birth of web 2.0.

Web 2.0: also known as write-read-publish when the webmasters realized that the consumers of information needed more than just information. This got attributed to the lack of interactivity in web 1.0. Now users can read, write, publish, and edit information and share it with the rest of the world without fear of punishment. It has brought about active interaction of users with the webmasters. It got born in the year 1999 with the contributors being LiveJournal and Blogger. With the birth of this technology, even non-technical users can easily interact and contribute to blog platforms. In Web 2.0, it took users a few seconds to publish information compared to Web 1.0. It required effort and co-ordination among users, webmasters, and developers to do a minor change in Web 1.0. Some of the examples of Web 2.0 are YouTube, FaceBook, Twitter, Wikipedia, Flickr, etc (Neil, 2008). The webmaster shares the responsibility with the internet audience to make sure the internet becomes more informative and educative.

Web 3.0: also known as Semantic web has been able to provide analytical abilities and intelligence searching. It has brought about a gradual transformation of the web from an overloaded and dumb medium to an intelligent medium. It gets built-in cloud computing and the information can be shared in any computer architecture i.e. desktops, laptops, mobile devices, I-pads, etc. The search engines get built incorporating intelligence contextual searching avoiding keyword searching (Eduard, 2008). One of the examples of Web 3.0 is the Google search engine.

The following will be the benefit for businesses migrating from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0 (Mike, 2006):

• Contextual Searching: the queries get interpreted just like a human brain. The info agents fill the gap in the tailor-made search thus deducing the best possible answer for your query. This saves the business time and they get the right information.
• Tailor-made Searching: Web 3.0 will provide the business with easier searching for information. Direct answers get provided for any queries. It will save the business from wasting time on million of meaningless results.
• Personalized Searching : Web 3.0 can read and understand personal preferences. The business has its unique web profile based on its browsing history. The business can get results based on web profile and preference.
• Evolution of 3D Web: the businesses will reap the benefits of 3D technology, hence reaping the benefits of the virtual world. The businesses will also get the advantage of cloud computing or service-oriented architecture, where the business will be able to share applications without having to develop their own.
• Interoperability: businesses will benefit from easier customization and device-independent provided by Web 3.0. Applications can run in all technology architecture i.e. computers, TVs, hand-held devices, microwaves, etc.

Eduard, H. (2008), Web 3.0 . Web.

Mike, E. (2006), The Evolution of the Web-From Web 1.0 to Web 4.0 . Web.

Neil, S. (2008) Education 2.0. Designing the web for teaching and learning , Web.

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IvyPanda. (2021, April 13). Web Form Evolution: From Web 1.0 to Web 3.0. https://ivypanda.com/essays/web-form-evolution-from-web-10-to-web-30/

"Web Form Evolution: From Web 1.0 to Web 3.0." IvyPanda , 13 Apr. 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/web-form-evolution-from-web-10-to-web-30/.

IvyPanda . (2021) 'Web Form Evolution: From Web 1.0 to Web 3.0'. 13 April.

IvyPanda . 2021. "Web Form Evolution: From Web 1.0 to Web 3.0." April 13, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/web-form-evolution-from-web-10-to-web-30/.

1. IvyPanda . "Web Form Evolution: From Web 1.0 to Web 3.0." April 13, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/web-form-evolution-from-web-10-to-web-30/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Web Form Evolution: From Web 1.0 to Web 3.0." April 13, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/web-form-evolution-from-web-10-to-web-30/.

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Difference Between Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0

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Web 1.0 was all about fetching , and reading information. Web 2.0 is all about reading , writing , creating , and interact ing with the end user. It was famously called the participative social web. Web 3.0 is the third generation of the World Wide Web , and is a vision of a decentralized web which is currently a work in progress. It is all about reading , writing , and owning .

Let’s dive deeper to know better about the features and need of Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0.

What is Web 1.0?   

Web 1.0 refers to the first stage of the World Wide Web evolution. Earlier, there were only a few content creators in Web 1.0 with a huge majority of users who are consumers of content. Personal web pages were common, consisting mainly of static pages hosted on ISP-run web servers , or free web hosting services . 

In Web 1.0 advertisements on websites while surfing the internet are banned. Also, in Web 1.0, Ofoto is an online digital photography website, on which users could store, share, view, and print digital pictures. Web 1.0 is a content delivery network ( CDN ) that enables the showcase of the piece of information on the websites. It can be used as a personal website. It costs the user as per pages viewed. It has directories that enable users to retrieve a particular piece of information. The era of Web 1.0 was roughly from 1991 to 2004. 

Four Design Essentials of a Web 1.0 Site Include:

• Static pages.
• Content is served from the server’s file system.
• Pages built using Server Side Includes or Common Gateway Interface (CGI).
• Frames and Tables are used to position and align the elements on a page.

Features of the Web 1.0

• Easy to connect static pages with the system via hyperlinks
• Supports elements like frames and tables with HTML 3.2
• Also has graphics and a GIF button
• Less interaction between the user and the server
• You can send HTML forms via mail
• Provides only a one-way publishing medium

What is Web 2.0? 

2004 When the word Web 2.0 become famous due to the First Web 2.0 conference (later known as the Web 2.0 summit) held by Tim O’Reilly and Dale Dougherty, the term was coined by Darcy DiNucci in 1999. Web 2.0 refers to worldwide websites which highlight user-generated content, usability, and interoperability for end users.  Web 2.0 is also called the participative social web. It does not refer to a modification to any technical specification, but to modify the way Web pages are designed and used. The transition is beneficial but it does not seem that when the changes occur. Interaction and collaboration with each other are allowed by Web 2.0 in a social media dialogue as the creator of user-generated content in a virtual community. Web 2.0 is an enhanced version of Web 1.0. 

Web browser technologies are used in Web 2.0 development and it includes AJAX and JavaScript frameworks. Recently, AJAX and JavaScript frameworks have become very popular means of creating web 2.0 sites. 

Features of the Web 2.0 

• Free sorting of information, permits users to retrieve and classify the information collectively.
• Dynamic content that is responsive to user input.
• Information flows between the site owner and site users using evaluation & online commenting.
• Developed APIs to allow self-usage, such as by a software application.
• Web access leads to concerns different, from the traditional Internet user base to a wider variety of users.

Usage of Web 2.0

The social Web contains several online tools and platforms where people share their perspectives, opinions, thoughts, and experiences. Web 2.0 applications tend to interact much more with the end user. As such, the end-user is not only a user of the application but also a participant in these 8 tools mentioned below:

• Curating with RSS
• Social bookmarking
• Social networking
• Social media
• Web content voting

What is Web 3.0?

It refers to the evolution of web utilization and interaction which includes altering the Web into a database, with the integration of DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology blockchain is an example) and that data can help to make Smart Contracts based on the needs of the individual. It enables the up-gradation of the backend of the web, after a long time of focusing on the frontend (Web 2.0 has mainly been about AJAX, tagging, and other front-end user-experience innovation). Web 3.0 is a term that is used to describe many evolutions of web usage and interaction among several paths. In this, data isn’t owned but instead shared but still is, where services show different views for the same web / the same data.

The Semantic Web (3.0) promises to establish “the world’s information” in a more reasonable way than Google can ever attain with its existing engine schema. This is particularly true from the perspective of machine conception as opposed to human understanding. The Semantic Web necessitates the use of a declarative ontological language like OWL to produce domain-specific ontologies that machines can use to reason about information and make new conclusions, not simply match keywords. 

Features of the Web 3.0

• Semantic Web: The succeeding evolution of the Web involves the Semantic Web. The semantic web improves web technologies in demand to create, share and connect content through search and analysis based on the capability to comprehend the meaning of words, rather than on keywords or numbers.
• Artificial Intelligence: Combining this capability with natural language processing , in Web 3.0, computers can distinguish information like humans to provide faster and more relevant results. They become more intelligent to fulfill the requirements of users.
• 3D Graphics: The three-dimensional design is being used widely in websites and services in Web 3.0. Museum guides, computer games, e-commerce, geospatial contexts , etc. are all examples that use 3D graphics.
• Connectivity: With Web 3.0, information is more connected thanks to semantic metadata. As a result, the user experience evolves to another level of connectivity that leverages all the available information.
• Ubiquity: Content is accessible by multiple applications, every device is connected to the web, and the services can be used everywhere.
• DLT and Smart Contracts: With the help of DLT, we can have a virtually impossible-to-hack database from which one can have value to their content and things they can own virtually, this is the technology that enables a trustless society through the integration of smart contracts which does not need to have a middle man to be a guarantor to make that contract occur on certain cause its based on data from that DLT. It’s a powerful tool that can make the world a far better place and generate more opportunities for everyone on the internet.

Differences Between the Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0

Hence, these were the major difference between Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 having their own uniqueness. Features of Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 are clearly explained in this article and also the differences between the three. All three were used at their respective time and revolutionized the world of the web accordingly.

FAQs – Web 1.0 vs Web 2.0 vs Web 3.0

Q1: how are web 1.0 2.0 3.0 and 4.0 different.

Web1.0 refers to a web of information, Web2.0 as a web of verbalization, Web 3.0 as a web of affiliation, Web4.0 as a web of integration and Web5.0 as a web of decentralized smart communicator.

Q2: What is Web 3.0 and examples?

Web 3.0 is a set of values and applications that define a new era of the World Wide Web, it adds up new features to the already existing ones. Its example includes decentralization, artificial intelligence, connectivity, and blockchain.

Q3: What are the 5 types of websites?

The 5 types of websites are – Personal Economic Business Blog Portfolio

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The list went on and on. But what was it that made us identify one application or approach as "Web 1.0" and another as "Web 2.0"? (The question is particularly urgent because the Web 2.0 meme has become so widespread that companies are now pasting it on as a marketing buzzword, with no real understanding of just what it means. The question is particularly difficult because many of those buzzword-addicted startups are definitely not Web 2.0, while some of the applications we identified as Web 2.0, like Napster and BitTorrent, are not even properly web applications!) We began trying to tease out the principles that are demonstrated in one way or another by the success stories of web 1.0 and by the most interesting of the new applications.

1. The Web As Platform

Like many important concepts, Web 2.0 doesn't have a hard boundary, but rather, a gravitational core. You can visualize Web 2.0 as a set of principles and practices that tie together a veritable solar system of sites that demonstrate some or all of those principles, at a varying distance from that core.

Figure 1 shows a "meme map" of Web 2.0 that was developed at a brainstorming session during FOO Camp, a conference at O'Reilly Media. It's very much a work in progress, but shows the many ideas that radiate out from the Web 2.0 core.

For example, at the first Web 2.0 conference, in October 2004, John Battelle and I listed a preliminary set of principles in our opening talk. The first of those principles was "The web as platform." Yet that was also a rallying cry of Web 1.0 darling Netscape, which went down in flames after a heated battle with Microsoft. What's more, two of our initial Web 1.0 exemplars, DoubleClick and Akamai, were both pioneers in treating the web as a platform. People don't often think of it as "web services", but in fact, ad serving was the first widely deployed web service, and the first widely deployed "mashup" (to use another term that has gained currency of late). Every banner ad is served as a seamless cooperation between two websites, delivering an integrated page to a reader on yet another computer. Akamai also treats the network as the platform, and at a deeper level of the stack, building a transparent caching and content delivery network that eases bandwidth congestion.

Nonetheless, these pioneers provided useful contrasts because later entrants have taken their solution to the same problem even further, understanding something deeper about the nature of the new platform. Both DoubleClick and Akamai were Web 2.0 pioneers, yet we can also see how it's possible to realize more of the possibilities by embracing additional Web 2.0 design patterns .

Let's drill down for a moment into each of these three cases, teasing out some of the essential elements of difference.

Netscape vs. Google

If Netscape was the standard bearer for Web 1.0, Google is most certainly the standard bearer for Web 2.0, if only because their respective IPOs were defining events for each era. So let's start with a comparison of these two companies and their positioning.

Netscape framed "the web as platform" in terms of the old software paradigm: their flagship product was the web browser, a desktop application, and their strategy was to use their dominance in the browser market to establish a market for high-priced server products. Control over standards for displaying content and applications in the browser would, in theory, give Netscape the kind of market power enjoyed by Microsoft in the PC market. Much like the "horseless carriage" framed the automobile as an extension of the familiar, Netscape promoted a "webtop" to replace the desktop, and planned to populate that webtop with information updates and applets pushed to the webtop by information providers who would purchase Netscape servers.

In the end, both web browsers and web servers turned out to be commodities, and value moved "up the stack" to services delivered over the web platform.

Google, by contrast, began its life as a native web application, never sold or packaged, but delivered as a service, with customers paying, directly or indirectly, for the use of that service. None of the trappings of the old software industry are present. No scheduled software releases, just continuous improvement. No licensing or sale, just usage. No porting to different platforms so that customers can run the software on their own equipment, just a massively scalable collection of commodity PCs running open source operating systems plus homegrown applications and utilities that no one outside the company ever gets to see.

At bottom, Google requires a competency that Netscape never needed: database management. Google isn't just a collection of software tools, it's a specialized database. Without the data, the tools are useless; without the software, the data is unmanageable. Software licensing and control over APIs--the lever of power in the previous era--is irrelevant because the software never need be distributed but only performed, and also because without the ability to collect and manage the data, the software is of little use. In fact, the value of the software is proportional to the scale and dynamism of the data it helps to manage.

Google's service is not a server--though it is delivered by a massive collection of internet servers--nor a browser--though it is experienced by the user within the browser. Nor does its flagship search service even host the content that it enables users to find. Much like a phone call, which happens not just on the phones at either end of the call, but on the network in between, Google happens in the space between browser and search engine and destination content server, as an enabler or middleman between the user and his or her online experience.

While both Netscape and Google could be described as software companies, it's clear that Netscape belonged to the same software world as Lotus, Microsoft, Oracle, SAP, and other companies that got their start in the 1980's software revolution, while Google's fellows are other internet applications like eBay, Amazon, Napster, and yes, DoubleClick and Akamai.

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The next phase of the internet is coming: Here’s what you need to know about Web3

Assistant Professor, Journalism, Toronto Metropolitan University

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Adrian Ma does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

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The rapid growth of cryptocurrencies and virtual non-fungible tokens have dominated news headlines in recent years. But not many may see how these modish applications connect together in a wider idea being touted by some as the next iteration of the internet — Web3.

There are many misconceptions surrounding this buzzy (and, frankly, fuzzy) term, including the conflation of Web3 with Web 3.0. Here’s what you need to know about these terms.

What is Web3?

Since Web3 is still a developing movement, there’s no universal agreement among experts about its definition. Simply put, Web3 is envisioned to be a “ decentralized web ecosystem ,” empowering users to bypass internet gatekeepers and retain ownership of their data.

This would be done through blockchain ; rather than relying on single servers and centralized databases, Web3 would run off of public ledgers where data is stored on computer networks that are chained together.

A decentralized Web3 would fundamentally change how the internet operates — financial institutions and tech companies would no longer need to be intermediaries of our online experiences.

As one business reporter put it :

“In a Web3 world, people control their own data and bounce around from social media to email to shopping using a single personalized account, creating a public record on the blockchain of all of that activity.”

Web3’s blockchain-based infrastructure would open up intriguing possibilities by ushering in the era of the “ token economy .” The token economy would allow users to monetize their data by providing them with tokens for their online interactions. These tokens could offer users perks or benefits, including ownership stakes in content platforms or voting rights in online communities.

To better understand Web3, it helps to step back and see how the internet developed into what it is now.

Web 1.0: The ‘read-only’ web

Computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee is credited with inventing the world wide web in 1989, which allowed people to hyperlink static pages of information on websites accessible through internet browsers.

Berners-Lee was exploring more efficient ways for researchers at different institutions to share information. In 1991, he launched the world’s first website , which provided instructions on using the internet.

These basic “read-only” websites were managed by webmasters who were responsible for updating users and managing the information. In 1992, there were 10 websites . By 1994, after the web entered the public domain, there were 3,000.

When Google arrived in 1996 there were two million. Last year, there were approximately 1.2 billion websites , although it is estimated only 17 per cent are still active.

Web 2.0: The social web

The next major shift for the internet saw it develop from a “read-only web” to where we are currently — a “read-write web.” Websites became more dynamic and interactive. People became mass participants in generating content through hosted services like Wikipedia, Blogger, Flickr and Tumblr.

The idea of “Web 2.0” gained traction after technology publisher Tim O’Reilly popularized the term in 2004 .

Later on, social media platforms like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter and Instagram and the growth of mobile apps led to unparalleled connectivity, albeit through distinct platforms. These platforms are known as walled gardens because their parent companies heavily regulate what users are able to do and there is no information exchange between competing services.

Tech companies like Amazon, Google and Apple are deeply embedded into every facet of our lives, from how we store and pay for our content to the personal data we offer ( sometimes without our knowledge ) to use their wares.

Web3 vs. Web 3.0

This brings us to the next phase of the internet, in which many wish to wrest back control from the entities that have come to hegemonize it .

The terms Web3 and Web 3.0 are often used interchangeably, but they are different concepts.

Web3 is the move towards a decentralized internet built on blockchain. Web 3.0, on the other hand, traces back to Berners-Lee’s original vision for the internet as a collection of websites linking everything together at the data level .

Our current internet can be thought of as a gigantic document depot. Computers are capable of retrieving information for us when we ask them to, but they aren’t capable of understanding the deeper meaning behind our requests.

Information is also siloed into separate servers. Advances in programming, natural language processing, machine learning and artificial intelligence would allow computers to discern and process information in a more “human” way, leading to more efficient and effective content discovery, data sharing and analysis. This is known as the “semantic web” or the “read-write-execute” web.

In Berners-Lee’s Web 3.0 world, information would be stored in databases called Solid Pods , which would be owned by individual users. While this is a more centralized approach than Web3’s use of blockchain, it would allow data to be changed more quickly because it wouldn’t be distributed over multiple places.

It would allow, for example, a user’s social media profiles to be linked so that updating the personal information on one would automatically update the rest.

The next era of the internet

Web3 and Web 3.0 are often mixed up because the next era of the internet will likely feature elements of both movements — semantic web applications, linked data and a blockchain economy. It’s not hard to see why there is significant investment happening in this space.

But we’re just seeing the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the logistical issues and legal implications. Governments need to develop new regulations for everything from digital asset sales taxation to consumer protections to the complex privacy and piracy concerns of linked data .

There are also critics who argue that Web3, in particular, is merely a contradictory rebranding of cryptocurrency that will not democratize the internet. While it’s clear we’ve arrived at the doorstep of a new internet era, it’s really anyone’s guess as to what happens when we walk through that door.

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What is Web 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0?

Nahid Ibrahimzade

Meld ambassador.

The web that we are using today has changed a lot in the past three decades. Throughout these years, many sites and web-related companies have risen to the top while some have stayed and some just have faded into history. The web is a phenomenon that is always evolving, whether we are a part of it or not. As a person, who was born in 1994, I had a chance to see and utilize web 2.0 and 3.0. From a user experience perspective, as long as you are interacting with the web and doing the things that you want, the naming convention does not matter a lot. For instance, I used to call a USB-B cable a USB cable until I learned that there is also a USB-C cable (then, of course, I googled for a USB-A cable). Thus, having multiple versions of cables made me do the research and understand the difference clearly. Afterward, I made a similar approach for the Web. It is worth mentioning that definitions of the web have been subject to heated debates in the past weeks on Twitter. Hence, in this article, I will try to explain and provide some examples of Web 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0.

Tim Berners-Lee wanted to develop a system that could be shared across the networks which would allow individuals to perform file transfer over these machines. With this goal in mind, he created a world wide web in December 1990. Here you can still browse the world wide web site. 

The read-only browser was a breakthrough, but after a little more than a decade, users wanted not only to browse but also to contribute. Hence, we saw the arrival of platforms, such as YouTube, Facebook, and many other social platforms and blogs, that could be easily created with the help of WordPress . Accelerated with the speed of the internet, having smartphones (I still remember my nostalgic Nokia 5700 XpressMusic) and multiple devices, Web 2.0 has seen enormous growth until now. The shift from the ‘read-only’ to the ‘read-write’ web has changed the dynamics of the web dramatically. Many users can provide their opinions, discuss the topics that are interesting to them, or share their videos and photos over the internet easily either in public or private ways. Hence, this created a participatory community, where users became a part of platforms.

Though the benefits of Web 2.0 are huge, there are also some drawbacks. Despite these changes, the users are still not the true owners of the web from the perspectives of data privacy and data protection . One of the major flaws is that the data is stored on a centralized server and is controlled by the platforms themselves, not by users. Hence, the ultimate owner is never the user, but always the company. Additionally, users are seen as “products”, whom the advertisements are shown based on the history, searches, or even interactions. Your account can always be deleted or disabled without prior notice. Hence, at this stage, we can say that there is a need for a new version of the web.

On top of ‘read-write’, bringing a solution to the above-mentioned problems, web 3.0 offers its users ownership over the assets (coins, tokens, NFTs) and aims to store data in a decentralized way. As a result of these new features, there will not be one central entity, which has absolute ownership over the system. Additionally, communities will play a significant role in web 3.0 since ownership is usually acquired by governance tokens. Hence, directly, users can participate in the decision-making process for the platforms. However, users should not expect to participate at an early stage of the projects, since asking for a small hotfix is not the ideal solution. However, this should also be agreed with communities or clearly written in a whitepaper to manage the expectation of communities. Moreover, web 3.0 allows users to send and receive coins and tokens within a short period which is much faster compared to legacy systems. Although I expect KYC to come also for wallets in 2022 and onwards in some jurisdictions to combat the money laundering (meaning that the wallets, most probably, will be tied to CEX (centralized exchanges, such as Binance or Coinbase) addresses), having KYC is not something that will negatively impact the usage of the systems. 

Nevertheless, web 3.0 also has its limitations which include fee issues (for some blockchains, congestion might happen, and you might end up paying increased fees for a small transaction or wait longer), network issues (if nodes are not decentralized enough), and inherent problems within web 3.0. For example, if explicit content is shared on a social platform that is created in a decentralized way, who will have the authority to delete it? Or should it be deleted at all? 

It should be noted that web 3.0 is currently in its infancy at the moment, but if communities adequately address the issues, we might see the results beyond our expectations. 

MELD is built on the Cardano blockchain and inherits the underlying principles of web 3.0. It is a decentralized, ethical, and cost-efficient lending and borrowing protocol. With the help of the non-custodial nature of the protocol, users will have total control of their assets.

Additionally, through partnerships, MELD has gained significant traction in the emerging crypto market. One of the partners is IAMX , and through the partnership, IAMX is looking to utilize and integrate MELD services directly into their identity gateway systems for new IAMX users - who are creating a digital identity for the first time - to also have access to financial services for the first time.

Disclaimer ‍

The information provided in this marketing material is for educational and informational purposes only and should not be construed as financial or investment advice. Cryptocurrencies are highly volatile and speculative assets that can experience significant price fluctuations. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Any forward-looking statements reflect MELD’s views at the time such statements were made with respect to future events and are not a guarantee of future performance or developments. You are strongly cautioned that reliance on any forward-looking statements involves known and unknown risks and uncertainties. You should conduct your own research and consult with a financial advisor before making any investment decisions. The issuer of this marketing material assumes no liability for any financial losses or damages resulting from your reliance on the information provided herein.

If you believe in the MELD vision, want to support this initiative, and want to help promote the future of finance then we want you to join the MELD Ambassador Program !

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How the web works

• Overview: Getting started with the web

How the web works provides a simplified view of what happens when you view a webpage in a web browser on your computer or phone.

This theory is not essential to writing web code in the short term, but before long you'll really start to benefit from understanding what's happening in the background.

Clients and servers

Computers connected to the internet are called clients and servers . A simplified diagram of how they interact might look like this:

• Clients are the typical web user's internet-connected devices (for example, your computer connected to your Wi-Fi, or your phone connected to your mobile network) and web-accessing software available on those devices (usually a web browser like Firefox or Chrome).
• Servers are computers that store webpages, sites, or apps. When a client device wants to access a webpage, a copy of the webpage is downloaded from the server onto the client machine to be displayed in the user's web browser.

The other parts of the toolbox

The client and server we've described above don't tell the whole story. There are many other parts involved, and we'll describe them below.

For now, let's imagine that the web is a road. On one end of the road is the client, which is like your house. On the other end of the road is the server, which is a shop you want to buy something from.

In addition to the client and the server, we also need to say hello to:

• Your internet connection : Allows you to send and receive data on the web. It's basically like the street between your house and the shop.
• TCP/IP : Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol are communication protocols that define how data should travel across the internet. This is like the transport mechanisms that let you place an order, go to the shop, and buy your goods. In our example, this is like a car or a bike (or however else you might get around).
• DNS : Domain Name System is like an address book for websites. When you type a web address in your browser, the browser looks at the DNS to find the website's IP address before it can retrieve the website. The browser needs to find out which server the website lives on, so it can send HTTP messages to the right place (see below). This is like looking up the address of the shop so you can access it.
• HTTP : Hypertext Transfer Protocol is an application protocol that defines a language for clients and servers to speak to each other. This is like the language you use to order your goods.
• Code files : Websites are built primarily from HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, though you'll meet other technologies a bit later.
• Assets : This is a collective name for all the other stuff that makes up a website, such as images, music, video, Word documents, and PDFs.

So what happens, exactly?

When you type a web address into your browser (for our analogy that's like walking to the shop):

• The browser goes to the DNS server, and finds the real address of the server that the website lives on (you find the address of the shop).
• The browser sends an HTTP request message to the server, asking it to send a copy of the website to the client (you go to the shop and order your goods). This message, and all other data sent between the client and the server, is sent across your internet connection using TCP/IP.
• If the server approves the client's request, the server sends the client a "200 OK" message, which means "Of course you can look at that website! Here it is", and then starts sending the website's files to the browser as a series of small chunks called data packets (the shop gives you your goods, and you bring them back to your house).
• The browser assembles the small chunks into a complete web page and displays it to you (the goods arrive at your door — new shiny stuff, awesome!).

Order in which component files are parsed

When browsers send requests to servers for HTML files, those HTML files often contain <link> elements referencing external CSS stylesheets and <script> elements referencing external JavaScript scripts. It's important to know the order in which those files are parsed by the browser as the browser loads the page:

• The browser parses the HTML file first, and that leads to the browser recognizing any <link> -element references to external CSS stylesheets and any <script> -element references to scripts.
• As the browser parses the HTML, it sends requests back to the server for any CSS files it has found from <link> elements, and any JavaScript files it has found from <script> elements, and from those, then parses the CSS and JavaScript.
• The browser generates an in-memory DOM tree from the parsed HTML, generates an in-memory CSSOM structure from the parsed CSS, and compiles and executes the parsed JavaScript.
• As the browser builds the DOM tree and applies the styles from the CSSOM tree and executes the JavaScript, a visual representation of the page is painted to the screen, and the user sees the page content and can begin to interact with it.

DNS explained

Real web addresses aren't the nice, memorable strings you type into your address bar to find your favorite websites. They are special numbers that look like this: 192.0.2.172 .

This is called an IP address , and it represents a unique location on the web. However, it's not very easy to remember, is it? That's why the Domain Name System was invented. This system uses special servers that match up a web address you type into your browser (like "mozilla.org") to the website's real (IP) address.

Websites can be reached directly via their IP addresses. You can use a DNS lookup tool to find the IP address of a website.

Packets explained

Earlier we used the term "packets" to describe the format in which the data is transferred between the client and server. What do we mean here? Basically, when data is sent across the web, it is sent in thousands of small chunks. There are multiple reasons why data is sent in small packets. They are sometimes dropped or corrupted, and it's easier to replace small chunks when this happens. Additionally, the packets can be routed along different paths, making the exchange faster and allowing many different users to download the same website at the same time. If each website was sent as a single big chunk, only one user could download it at a time, which obviously would make the web very inefficient and not much fun to use.

• How the Internet works
• HTTP — an Application-Level Protocol
• HTTP: Let's GET It On!
• HTTP: Response Codes

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Web 1.0 to Web 3.0 - Evolution of the Web and its various challenges

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Basic Definitions: Web 1.0, Web. 2.0, Web 3.0

April 18, 2007 • brian getting.

“ What is web 2.0?” We receive this question often. It likely has as many answers as the number of people using the term. However, since talk of web 3.0 has surfaced in the last year or so, an entirely new level of confusion seems to have set in. In this article, I’ll explain web 2.0 and web 3.0 and how they apply to your ecommerce business.

I’ll start with the challenges that cause people to think in terms of web 2.0 and web 3.0. Since these are buzzwords and not clearly defined terms, think of this as an attempt to describe the ever-changing web. I will borrow from Tim Berners-Lee, director of World Wide Web Consortium and the inventor of the World Wide Web (in 1989). His notion of the “read-write” web is often used to describe web 2.0.

The first iteration of the web represents the web 1.0, which, according to Berners-Lee, is the “read-only web.” In other words, the early web allowed us to search for information and read it. There was very little in the way of user interaction or content generation.

The first iteration of the web represents the web 1.0, which, according to Berners-Lee, is the “read-only web.”

This was what most website owners wanted. They needed a website to make their information available to anyone at any time. I call this “brick-and-mortar thinking applied to the web.” The web as a whole hasn’t moved much beyond this stage.

Shopping cart applications , which most ecommerce sites use in some form, fall under web 1.0. The overall goal is to present products to potential customers — much as a catalog or a brochure does — to anyone in the world. The web provides exposure. It removes the geographical restrictions associated with brick-and-mortar businesses.

We are now seeing the infancy of web 2.0, or the “read-write” web as Berners-Lee described it. It’s the ability to contribute content and interact with other web users. It has dramatically changed the landscape of the web in a short time. It has much potential. As examples, look at YouTube and MySpace, which rely on user submissions. Web 2.0 is a welcome response to web users who want to participate in the information.

There are many definitions of a “web 2.0 application.” For example, there’s the perception that just because a website is built using a certain technology (such as Ruby on Rails) or employs Ajax in its interface, it represents web 2.0. But that is not necessarily the case. Web 2.0, for laypeople, simply requires that users can interact or contribute content.

This leads us to web 3.0 (extending the vague nomenclature). By extrapolating Tim Berners-Lee’s explanations, web 3.0 is “read-write-execute.” This is difficult to envision in its abstract form. To illustrate, consider semantic markup and web services.

Semantic markup refers to the communication gap between humans and computerized applications. One of the biggest challenges of presenting information on the web is that applications cannot provide context to data and, therefore, can’t understand what is relevant. Through the use of some semantic markup (or data interchange formats), data could be put in a form not only accessible to humans via natural language  but able to be understood and interpreted by software applications as well.

While it is still evolving, this notion — formatting data to be understood by software agents — leads to the “execute” portion of the web 3.0 definition.

A web service is a software that supports computer-to-computer interaction over the internet. Web services are not new and usually take the form of an application programming interface. The popular photography-sharing website Flickr provides a web service whereby developers can programmatically interface to search for images.

Recommended

Will Web3 Change Ecommerce?

December 24, 2021

Not Obsolete

What’s important is that the naming conventions — web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 —  should not be taken too seriously. Just because a website does not employ web 2.0 features does not make it obsolete. After all, a small ecommerce site trying to sell niche products may not have a business need for users to submit content or to be able to interact with each other.

Moreover, that small ecommerce site does not need to upgrade anything, such as new software. Web 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 are abstract ideas. They describe challenges that developers (and users) face on the web and how to address them.

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How-To Geek

I tried browsing the web with safari 1.0, here's how it went.

Hands-on with Apple's first web browser.

Key Takeaways

• Safari 1.0 was released in 2003 to replace Internet Explorer on the Mac.
• It was lacking some features compared to other web browsers, but it was fast and minimalist.
• Safari 1.0 is not compatible with most modern websites.

Safari was introduced in 2003 as Apple's replacement for Internet Explorer on the Mac, and it has continued to evolve since then as the default browser on all Apple devices. Let's take a deep dive into the browser that started it all: Safari 1.0.

The first version of Safari was released on June 23rd, 2003 , following a public beta that reached nearly five million downloads. The initial version was an optional download for Macs running Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar , and it was later bundled with Mac OS X 10.3 Panther . Apple continued shipping Safari with every new Mac operating system, continuing to the present day with new releases of macOS.

Hello, Safari

Safari is a core system application on Mac computers, so you can't (easily) use older versions on newer operating systems that have a newer Safari version already installed. In the name of science, I fired up my trusty 1999 PowerMac G3, created a new drive partition, and installed a fresh copy of Mac OS X 10.3 Panther. That release shipped with Safari version 1.1, so this isn't technically the first public version, but it's close enough.

Safari 1.0 is a far cry from modern versions of Apple's web browser, but there are some familiar interface elements. The top bar has the back, forward, reload, and bookmark buttons that are still present in today's web browsers, but the address bar and web search are two separate text fields.

Google Chrome helped popularize the idea of a combined address and search bar when it was released in 2009, but before that, most web browsers had the same split text fields. On that note, Google is the default search engine, and I didn't see an option anywhere to change it.

Safari 1.0 isn't just minimalist by today's standards. This new Mac OS X installation also came with Internet Explorer 5 for Mac, which has a much more cluttered design with a sidebar, status bar, and more buttons at the top of the window. You could click a button on the sidebar to hide most of that for distraction-free browsing, but Safari is less complicated out of the box.

Most of the other browsers from this time, like Opera, Netscape, and the Mozilla Application Suite, were similarly feature-packed. The first version of Firefox arrived in 2004, the year after Safari, with a simplified feature set and a focus on web browsing. There is support for tabbed browsing in Safari 1.0, but it's not enabled by default.

There's also a bookmarks manager for organizing your favorite sites and pages, accessible from the menu bar or the bookmarks button in the bookmarks bar. The default bookmarks are a fun look back at the early-2000s internet, with links to Amazon, PayPal, BBC News, MapQuest, Monster.com, and other sites.

The preferences panel has some options for how windows open, where to save files and pages, turning on tabbed browsing, managing plugins, and deleting browsing cookies. There's also an AutoFill feature that can fill in web forms with information from your Address Book.

I also noticed this early version of Safari doesn't have an Inspect Element option, or seemingly any other web development features. You can view the HTML source code for a page, but that's it.

Surf Like It's 2003

So, what can you actually do with Safari 1.0 in 2024? Well, not a lot. This is a twenty-year-old web rendering engine, with no support for modern HTML and CSS layout features, HTML5 video, or most JavaScript features. Every site that loads over HTTPS (SSL) shows security warnings or refuses to load at all.

The main Google home page works, but the search results use a broken mobile layout. CNN, Apple.com, Wikipedia, eBay, and BBC News don't load at all. Amazon made the browser freeze for about a minute, complete with the spinning beachball of death, then loaded a page with just text and no styling or images.

There are a few websites designed specifically for older browsers, though. The FrogFind search engine created by Action Retro on YouTube works well here, which downgrades modern sites to simpler text-based layouts.

FrogFind doesn’t always work well, but it does turn websites like Wikipedia from completely unusable to readable.

Search by keyword

Industrial production up by 0.6% in the euro area and by 0.2% in the eu.

In March 2024, compared with February 2024, seasonally adjusted industrial production increased by 0.6% in the euro area and by 0.2% in the EU , according to first estimates from Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union . In February 2024, industrial production grew by 1.0% in the euro area and by 0.9% in the EU .

In March 2024, compared with March 2023, industrial production decreased by 1.0% in both the euro area and the EU .

Monthly comparison by main industrial grouping and by Member State

In the euro area in March 2024, compared with February 2024, industrial production

decreased by 0.5% for intermediate goods,

decreased by 0.9% for energy,

increased by 1.0% for capital goods,

decreased by 1.1% for durable consumer goods,

decreased by 2.7% for non-durable consumer goods.

In the EU, industrial production

decreased by 0.2% for energy,

increased by 0.7% for capital goods,

decreased by 1.0% for durable consumer goods,

The highest monthly increases were recorded in Ireland (+12.8%), Belgium (+6.8%) and Luxembourg (+4.5%). The largest decreases were observed in Slovenia (-5.9%), Poland (-5.1%) and Denmark (-4.3%).

Annual comparison by main industrial grouping and by Member State

In the euro area in March 2024, compared with March 2023, industrial production

decreased by 2.3% for intermediate goods,

decreased by 3.5% for energy,

increased by 1.8% for capital goods,

decreased by 8.3% for durable consumer goods,

decreased by 7.0% for non-durable consumer goods.

decreased by 2.2% for intermediate goods,

decreased by 2.6% for energy,

increased by 1.5% for capital goods,

decreased by 7.5% for durable consumer goods,

decreased by 5.1% for non-durable consumer goods.

The largest annual decreases were recorded in Finland (-7.7%), Bulgaria (-7.6%) and Austria (-7.0%). The highest increases were observed in Ireland (+37.0%), Cyprus (+8.5%) and Romania (+3.5%).

Notes for users

Revisions and timetable.

Compared with data issued in the News Release of 15 April 2024, the monthly percentage change for February 2024 has been revised from +0.8% to +1.0% in the euro area and from +0.7% to +0.9% in the EU. The annual percentage change has been revised from -6.4% to -6.3% in the euro area and from -5.4% to -5.2% in the EU.

Methods and definitions

The index of industrial production measures the evolution of the volume of production for industry excluding construction, based on data adjusted for calendar and seasonal effects.

Seasonally adjusted euro area and EU series are calculated by aggregating the seasonally adjusted national data.

Total industry covers NACE rev.2 sections B to D. Missing observations from Member States for recent months are estimated for the calculation of the euro area and the EU aggregates.

Starting with reference period January 2024, the base year of the data has been changed to 2021, since 2018 the base year had been 2015. More information on the reasons for and impact of the base year change can be found in the related Statistics Explained article .

Geographical information

The euro area (EA20) includes Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland.

The European Union (EU27) includes Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden.

For more information

Database section on short-term business statistics

Statistics Explained article on the industrial production index

The weights of the Member States in the EU and euro area aggregates (see file Base year 2021 weights - Euro indicators releases)

Euro indicators dashboard

Release calendar for Euro indicators

European Statistics Code of Practice

Get in touch

Media requests

Eurostat Media Support

Phone: (+352) 4301 33 408

E-mail: [email protected]

Further information on data

E-mail: [email protected]

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• Family Healthy Weight Programs
• Public Health Strategy
• CDC-Recognized FHWPs

CORD 1.0 and 2.0 History

CDC's Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (CORD) projects fund research about implementing evidence-based strategies for child obesity prevention and treatment. Their focus is children in families with lower incomes in diverse communities. CORD 1.0 was designed to improve child health through community settings that influence nutrition and physical activity. CORD 2.0 focused on Family Healthy Weight Programs that help children with overweight or obesity and their families.

The first CORD project from 2011 to 2015 focused on children from families with lower incomes. This project researched how to improve children's dietary and physical activity behaviors and ultimately reduce obesity among children from families with lower incomes.

CORD 1.0 was designed to cover various levels of the socioecological model . The projects combined efforts from pediatric health care settings with public health interventions in schools, early care and education centers, and communities.

CORD 1.0's three funded recipients worked in rural and urban communities in Texas, California, and Massachusetts. One evaluation center supported all the sites.

Building on research findings from CORD 1.0, CORD 2.0 funded two recipient research teams to focus on implementing the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations for child obesity in health care and community settings. Projects enhanced clinical-community collaborations to improve pediatric primary care obesity screening and, when appropriate, refer children with obesity to family healthy weight programs .

CORD 2.0 served children 6 to 12 years from families with lower incomes in Arizona and Massachusetts. CORD 2.0 recipients worked with state and community partners on issues such as access to and costs of family healthy weight programs. Researchers also identified program strengths and weaknesses from the perspective of providers, attendees, and other partners, including state Medicaid offices.

CORD 1.0 project summaries

Key findings.

CORD 1.0 researchers found that implementation of the USPSTF recommendation for obesity screening in children and adolescents and referral to intervention in the health care or community settings was feasible. They also found that:

• Parents were satisfied with the program.
• Improvements in children's health occurred in both community and health care settings.
• Prevention interventions cost less than treatment-related interventions.
• Interventions were sustainable.

Recipient activities

Researchers at the University of Texas tested community and health care-based obesity prevention and treatment programs in Austin and Houston. These programs coordinated care among children from families with lower incomes and who were members of racial and ethnic minority groups. Tested programs included:

• The Mind, Exercise, Nutrition Do It (MEND) program
• The Coordinated Approach to Child Health school program (CATCH)

This CORD project was known as The Imperial County Childhood Obesity Project (ICCOP): An Ecological Approach to Addressing Childhood Obesity. Researchers were from:

• The Institute for Behavioral and Community Health at San Diego State University
• Clínicas de Salud del Pueblo, Inc.
• Imperial County Public Health Department

They implemented interventions in early care and education settings, schools, municipal recreation settings, and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) in Brawley Calexico and El Centro, California.

Massachusetts

This collaboration delivered a multidisciplinary clinical intervention called Mass in Motion Kids. Researchers were from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and Harvard School of Public Health. They partnered with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children (WIC), early care and education programs, schools, and FQHCs.

CORD 2.0 project summaries

Arizona State University implemented an existing parenting program called the Family Check-Up 4 Health (FCU4Health) . CORD researchers worked with three primary care clinics. They tested behavioral and physical health effects of FCU4Health in a community with a large number of residents who were Hispanic and had lower incomes.

The State Department of Health built on experiences in CORD 1.0 to optimize the clinical care of children with overweight or obesity in families with lower incomes. Two communities implemented multidisciplinary Healthy Weight Clinics in Federally Qualified Health Centers and family healthy weight programs in YMCAs.

Select publications

An individually tailored family-centered intervention for pediatric obesity in primary care: Study protocol of a randomized type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial

Rationale and design of the Clinic and Community Approaches to Healthy Weight randomized trial

Costs of preparing to implement a family-based intervention to prevent pediatric obesity in primary care: A budget impact analysis

Effects of a Pediatric Weight Management Intervention on Parental Stress

Effects of the Family Check-Up 4 Health on parenting and child behavioral health: A randomized clinical trial in primary care

Report to Congress on CDC's CORD Project

Healthcare Strategies for Child Obesity

These safe, effective treatments for childhood obesity focus on nutrition, physical activity, and behavior change strategies.