injustice topics research paper

150 Social Justice Essay Topics & Examples

⭐ top 10 social justice issues to write about, 🏆 best social justice topic ideas & essay examples, ⭐ simple & easy social justice essay titles, 📌 most interesting social justice topics to write about, 👍 good social justice research topics, ❓ research questions about social justice.

Social justice essays are an excellent tool for demonstrating your awareness of the current issues in society.

Inequality in society should be addressed, and social justice advocates are at the forefront of such initiatives. Everyone should be able to achieve their goals and dreams if they put in the effort, assuming of course that reaching that target is at all possible.

To that end, you should ask various social justice essay questions and investigate different situations, particularly those that surround marginalized communities.

While the civil rights movement has succeeded in eliminating discriminatory policies and gender segregation, people should remain vigilant so that inequality again.

There are many topics you can discuss in your essay, but is better to focus on something specific and conduct a detailed investigation. It is easy to take some examples of data that shows a situation that seems unequal and declare that the system is flawed.

However, the data may be inaccurate, and the causes may be different from what you initially perceive them to be. Many fields will be too small for statistic laws to apply, and so there will be a temporary prevalence of people with a specific trait.

Declarations of premature conclusions and calls to action based on these conjectures are not productive and will generally lead to harm.

Be sure to consider evidence from both sides when discussing the topic of injustice, especially in its sensitive applications.

The case of police officers and the racial disparity in arrests is a prominent example, as there is significant disagreement, and neither side can be considered entirely correct.

At other times, unequal treatments may be explained by racial and gender differences without the application of discriminatory practices, particularly with regards to cultural practices.

The importance of justice is above debate, but it is not always about declaring one side correct while the other is wrong and at fault. Humanity operates best when it is unified and follows the same purpose of fairness.

Lastly, try to avoid confusing equality with equity, as the two social justice essay topics are significantly different. The former involves similar starting conditions and opportunities for all people, though they will likely achieve varying successes in life.

The latter means equality of outcomes, meaning that the unsuccessful receive support, which logically has to come at the expense of those who succeed.

You may support either position, with equality being a more traditional concept that seems logical to many people and equity being considered effective at improving the conditions of marginalized communities. However, make your position clear, as the difference is critical and informs your personal concept of social justice.

Here are some additional tips for your paper:

• Separate the points you make in your essay with social justice essay titles. These titles will help the reader navigate the paper and understand your main claims.
• Try to introduce original ideas instead of contributing to ongoing debates. An essay does not allow enough space to let you add something that will change the situation to such discussions.
• The topic of social justice is inherently political, as most suggestions will involve policy-level changes. However, you should try to distance yourself from politics and work with factual information.

Visit IvyPanda to find more social justice essay examples and other useful paper samples to boost your creative process!

• Unemployment.
• Global Warming.
• School Shooting.
• Income Inequality.
• Global Pandemic.
• Social Security.
• Racial & LGBTQ Discrimination.
• Mental Health Stigma.
• Famine and Starvation.
• Discrimination in Voting.
• Social Justice in Education With a clear distinction between justice taught in class and justice allowed to thrive in the school environments, teachers can be able to observe how their students perceive and response to social injustices in the […]
• Advocating for Social Justice in Healthcare However, health care is also often related to the idea of social justice a term that describes the allocation of resources and benefits to people according to their needs and abilities.
• Social Justice: The Catholic’s Social Teachings on Justice The church also seeks to instill value in the prisoners’ lives through teachings and practices that accept prisoners as people who deserve to be treated with dignity.
• Social Justice and Mental Health However, it is difficult to imagine the U.S.taking nationwide action on mental health due to the absence of healthcare for physical health, which is widely accepted as a serious issue.
• David Miller’s Theory of Desert in Social Justice The dependence of rewards on the variety of external and conditional factors makes the public and scholars question the idea of the desert and its use for justice.
• Jay-Z’s Contribution to Hip-Hop and Fight for Social Justice One should admit that the crime rate among black people in some poor areas is really quite high, and that is another problem Jay-Z covers in his music.
• Social Justice and the Australian Indigenous People The main idea behind the formation of the social justice commission was to give the indigenous Australian people choice by empowering them to stand up for their rights.
• Black Lives Matter and Social Justice Social media is a new public platform that has proved to be extremely effective in fighting against the normalization of violence against African-Americans.
• Freedom and Social Justice Through Technology These two remarkable minds have made significant contributions to the debates on technology and how it relates to liberty and social justice.
• Factors of Strategic Management of Social Justice Starting to talk about economic and technological changes that affect the sector of social justice, it is possible to observe tendencies of the level of development of the country from social policy.
• Social Justice from a Philosophical Perspective Although their theories of justice were significant, they would not have existed without Plato’s influence and the contribution that their ideas of justice have made to political philosophy.
• Social Justice in the Modern World The main link in social relations is a measure of social justice, a derivative of the equality of people’s opportunities to realize their potential.
• Social Justice Quotes from “The Wife’s Lament” by Beck “never worse than now ever I suffer the torment of my exile”.”that man’s kinsmen began to think in secret that they would separate us” “so we would live far apart in the world” “My lord […]
• Social Justice in Counseling Psychology The other barrier which is likely to arise in the process of integrating social justice in the workplace is legal and ethical issues.
• Social Justice and Vulnerability Theories When the country’s economic analyzers assess the status of the economy, the older people are regarded as the first group of the population that is pulling the economy backward because they are entirely dependent.
• Social Justice in Social Work Practice The moral approach of social work is fundamentally based on the idea of social justice. Despite the numerous risks associated with advocating for social justice, criticizing injustice is one of the few courageous ways to […]
• Journal Editors’ Role Regarding Social Justice Issues Journal editors can involve professionals from social justice forums such as civil rights lawyers in their journals as well as reduce the complexity of the presentation of social justice article contents.
• Researching the Concept of Social Justice A special kind of justice is social justice, the subjects of which are large social groups, society as a whole, and humanity.
• The Role of Quilting in the African American Striving for Social Justice Perhaps quilting has become not only one of the symbols of African American national culture but also a way in which many black women have become visible and significant.
• Promoting Social Justice Through Serving God Therefore, serving God in action correlates with the promotion of social justice and reflects the importance of Christian teachings about kindness towards others.
• Social Justice and Importing Foreign Nurses Evaluation Given the lag between the submission of the article and its publication, it means that these sources most likely reflect the situation with the recruitment of foreign-educated nurses by the end of the 2000s.
• Promoting Social Justice With Head Start Program This essay will discuss the role of the Head Start program in the promotion of social justice in the US, focusing on the values taught to the children and the activities that constitute the program.
• Religion, Politics, and Social Justice Organized religions want to change and implement rebranding to fit the new trend, concentrating on social justice in general rather than the individual spiritual aspirations of a person or a family.
• Social Justice and Its Relevance in This Century To put the issue in perspective, he references the civil rights movement of the 1960s and juxtaposes it against the fact that the US had a black president.
• Social Justice Arts as a Remedy for People The work led to the formation of the movement called Black Lives Matter which calls for an end to oppressing black people through law enforcement.
• Social Justice, Diversity and Workplace Discrimination It also includes the fair distribution of the national wealth and resources among all citizens and the unbiased treatment of all individuals.
• Social Justice: Why Do Violations Happen? If there is social inequality in a society, it must be corrected to serve the interests of the most oppressed groups of the population.
• Social Justice From the Biblical Point of View Furthermore, all oppressed and poor people are considered to be “righteous” in the Bible because it “is a reflection of God’s faithful love in action and his desire for justice and righteousness in this world”.
• Definition of Social Justice and Social Justice in Leadership They should evaluate the situation, identify areas that need improvement and develop a plan to support the achievement of social justice.
• Community Engagement and Social Justice Promotion Furthermore, as social justice is integrated into the curriculum, I would like to participate in practice-oriented assignments and class discussions to make a meaningful change.
• Social Justice Leadership and Supervision While the concepts of leadership and supervision tend to be referenced within the clinical contend and primarily apply to the responsibilities of the professionals in mental institutions, the issues articulated in the article and chapters […]
• Uganda’s Economic Planning and Social Justice On the eastern, it borders Kenya, North is Southern Sudan, to the west is DRC and to the southwest is Rwanda, while to the South is Tanzania.
• Rise of Mental Social Justice It relates to the social justice leadership in clinical and supervisory practice in mental health settings by challenging the modern tenets of managerialism and neoliberalism.
• Social Justice in the US Healthcare System Social justice is a relatively broad concept, the interpretation of which often depends on the political and economic views of an individual.
• Conceptualizing Supervision in Search of Social Justice Based on these findings, it could be concluded that Social justice leadership is meant to become the remedy and the ideological, political, and medical opponent of the dominant positivist biomedical paradigm.
• Researching HIV, AIDS and Social Justice Disney claims that poverty and social injustice lead to the spread of HIV/AIDS among underprivileged people in all countries. The disease was a kind of stigma and infected people were subjected to discrimination and alienation.
• Equal Pay Convention Ratified by New Zealand and Ensuring Social Justice This paper seeks to identify whether the ratification of the International Labour Organisation equal pay for an equal value of work Convention by New Zealand delivered social justice to the women in the New Zealand […]
• Influence of Socioeconomic Status and Social Justice on Health in the US In the video, Richard David and James Collins have determined that racism, inappropriate social policies, and chronic stress are major social factors that lead to the delivery of low-weight babies among African American women.
• Social Justice Perspective Thus public health deals not only with the guarantee of a long healthy life but also regulate and control the death rate, try to expand the life interval, and other things that the policy of […]
• Deaf Youth: Social Justice Through Media and Activism The Deaf Youth USA for instance strives to educate, inspire, and empower the deaf youth to make difference in the communities.
• Re-Examining Criminal and Social Justice Systems: Reducing Incarceration Rates in the US The changes in criminal justice policy over the past decades and the alteration of the same from one of rehabilitative and social justice to one of retributive justice and increasing reliance on imprisonment as a […]
• Social Justice and Ethics: Beneficiaries of U.S. Welfare Programs In United States the beneficiaries include the poor, the old, the disabled, survivors, farmers, corporations and any other individual who may be eligible.
• Social Justice and Feminism in America So as to make a change in this situation, the feminists in America took efforts to improve the condition of women.
• Equality of Opportunity and Social Justice: Affirmative Action If this is the situation in advanced nations of the world, the plight in the newly emerging states in Africa, Asia, and Latin America can easily be imagined as to how difficult would it be […]
• Christianity Religion and Asian World: Social Justice It was also said that the greatest botched opportunity in all church history was in the 1260s the court of the great Kublai Khan asked the Polos when they returned to Italy in 1269 to […]
• Social Justice for Indigenous Women in Canada However, the problem of social justice or, to be more accurate, the lack thereof becomes especially poignant when considering criminal issues and their management, as well as the factors that contribute to reducing the rates […]
• Social Justice and Educational Reform in the US People are free to develop their individual attitudes to the importance of social justice in education and leadership. Social justice may be used in the creation of job announcements, proposals, and statements to attract attention […]
• Social Justice in Quality Health Care The provision of accessible health services is necessary to minimize the health risks of the low-income households and improve their quality of life.
• What Is Social Justice? To my mind, the two most important principles of justice that should be used to govern within a just society are the selection of highly virtuous state leaders and government representatives to put in charge […]
• Social Justice: Philosophy of Employment The philosophy of empowerment supports dignity and self-worth; as such, value to all people, regardless of their status or race is an important rule of empowerment.
• American Women’s Movements for Social Justice Like Alice Walker, Deborah Gray, and Collins, Tyra Banks continues the legacy of black women since she is ready to campaign against racism, sexism, and discrimination.
• Social Justice Group Work for Homeless Young Mothers The group discussed in the article was started for the purpose of assisting residents address the problem of homelessness especially in aspects of parenting and during pregnancy periods.
• Readings for Diversity and Social Justice: An Anthology In that way, the authors noted that racial and ethnic differences tend to produce impact on lives of communities in the entirety of their aspects, and thus can aggravate other social justice issues.
• Health Care Services: Social Justice Analysis For instance, the level of poverty in the USA is on the rise, and many people simply have no funds to purchase their health insurance. In conclusion, it is possible to note that social justice […]
• Social Justice Issues: Elderly Minority Groups Students should know the peculiarities of the populations in question and should be aware of practices and services available to those patients.
• Ethics and Social Justice in Education Policies The real-life problem that contributes to those controversies is the multicultural genuineness of the community that was exposed to the federal and state standard reforms that transpired throughout the last ten years.
• Administrative Constitutionalism and Social Justice The current point of view at the crimes and violence is predestined by the commercial pressure applied to the mass media sources. In the majority of the cases, popular media becomes the viral source of […]
• Counselors as Social Justice Advocates The compelling vision of social justice is to achieve “free, full, and equal participation” of all groups in society to realize their aspirations and mutual needs.
• U.S. Postal Service’s Ethics and Social Justice In spite of the fact that the current agency was organized in 1971, the background of the organization is related to the development of the first postal service in the country based on the U.S.
• Ethics Issues: Social Justice In other words, it is observed that an individual has a duty of ensuring that the law is followed while the government is expected to provide the basic rights and freedoms.
• Education and Social Justice The society should also reduce the gap between the poor and the rich. The current level of inequality explains why “every school should reinvent itself in order to deal with social injustice”.
• Social justice and the black – white achievement gap From a national perspective, the achievement gap between the Black and White is reported to have narrowed down in 2007 as compared to the same gap in 1990.
• Setting an Agenda for Social Justice According to Wilkinson, Brundrett is a professor of Educational Research in the Faculty of Education, Community, and Leisure and the head of the Centre for Research and Evaluation, in the Liverpool John Moores University.
• Prosperity and Social Justice The short story was also the subject of debate when it was first written because it failed to fit in any particular genre at the time.”The Yellow Wallpaper” was mostly considered a horror story when […]
• Social Justice: Wray’s Essential Aspects of Biblical Law and Justice Wray has conducted an extensive study on the subject of social justice and suggests that students taking any course on law or social justice must go back to the origins of these laws and justice, […]
• Social and Criminal Justice Responses to Sex Work The negative attitude of the community and the criminalization of sex works made workers of his industry vulnerable and susceptible for the physical assaults of men in the street, their customers and even policemen.
• Is Social Justice the Same Thing as Political Egalitarianism? An Analysis from a Theory of Justice Perspective This is the question that is likely to arise when one is analyzing social justice in the context of political developments in the society.
• Social Justice and Gay Rights This perception of gays was radically reformed thanks to the efforts of gay rights movements which trace their roots to the 1960s and the Stonewall Riots of 1969 which marked the birth of the gay […]
• The People Demand Social Justice: The Social Protest in Israel as an Agoral Gathering
• The Woman Who Spoke of Love and Social Justice
• Peace and Eco-Social Justice: Failed Distributive Justice, Violence and Militancy in India
• Spirituality, Women ‘s Issues, Sustainability, and Social Justice
• Multicultural Counseling Social Justice and Advocacy Reaction
• The Paradox of Dominate Ideologies in The Fight of Social Justice
• Letter from Birmingham Jail’ by Martin Luther King Jr. and Social Justice
• Richard Spencer and the Issues of Social Justice and White Nationalism
• The Moving Beyond Pity and Inspiration: Disability as a social Justice Issue by Eli Clare
• The Importance of Human Rights and Social Justice
• Social Justice: The Role of Higher Education, Criminality and Race
• Turning Points in the Lives of Chinese and Indian Women Leaders Working Toward Social Justice
• Paulo Freire’s Social Justice Idea
• Producing and Practicing Social Justice in Education
• Urban Social Justice: The Gentrification Debate
• The Role of Education in Society as Explained in Conell’s Social Justice in Education
• The Issues of the Canadian Social Services and Social Justice Domain
• Wellbeing, Freedom, and Social Justice: The Capability Approach
• The Principle of Social Justice and Advocacy Support
• The Biblical Prophets’ Teachings on the Love of God in Social Justice
• The Relationship Between Free Market and Social Justice
• Uneasy Bedfellows: Social Justice and Neo-Liberal Practice in the Housing Market
• The Ethics of Pricing and Access to Health Care: A Social Justice Issue
• Measuring Attitudes Toward Distributive Justice: The Basic Social Justice Orientations Scale
• The Importance of the Covenant House as a Symbol of Christian Social Justice
• Social Justice Orientation and Multicultural Environment
• The New Political Economy of J. S. Mill: The Means to Social Justice
• The ‘s Coat of Arms Are Trust, Empathy, and Social Justice
• The Vietnam War and Its Impact on The Creation of Social Justice
• Race Relations and Social Justice Problems
• Poverty, Inequality and Social Justice in Nonmetropolitan America
• Rape Culture, Rapth, and the Cycles of Social Justice
• The Three Social Justice Issues That Fires Me Up as a Citizen in the United States
• Reading Baldwin After Harvey: Why Climate Change Is a Social Justice Issue
• The Importance of Social Justice Is Universal Across
• Effective Practice During The Social Justice System
• The Issue of Social Justice Activism in Various Social Media Networks
• Sustainable Development and Social Justice: Expanding the Rawlsian Framework of Global Justice
• Once Upon Today: Teaching for Social Justice with Postmodern Picturebook
• The Congressional Black Caucus Use of Social Media for Social Justice Issues
• The Effective Teaching Techniques of Lisa Espinosa in Providing Information on the Topic of Cultural Relevance and Social Justice
• Reading Baldwin After Harvey: Why Climate Change Is a Social Justice Issue?
• How Does Social Justice Highlight the Relationship Between Social Welfare and Crime Control?
• Social Justice and Academic Success: Is Individual Effort Enough?
• Rawls’s Theory of Social Justice: How Decisions Are Made?
• Are Consultation and Social Justice Advocacy Similar Exploring the Perceptions?
• How Arc Advances Social Justice?
• What Are the Different Factors Affect Social Justice?
• What Does the Information Society Mean for Social Justice and Civil Society?
• What Is the Connection Between Curricular Practices, Social Justice and Democratic Purpose in the United States Education System?
• How the United States Has Both Market and Social Justice?
• What Is the Impact of Social Justice on The United States?
• What Is the Impact of Social Justice on Human Development?
• How Does Social Justice Actions Project?
• When High Pressure, System Constraints, and a Social Justice Mission Collide?
• What Is the Concept of Social Justice Social Work?
• What Is the Connection Between Free Market and Social Justice?
• What Is the Goal of Social Justice Education?
• What Social Justice Issues Are You Most Passionate About?
• What Is Consist Social Justice Western Perspectives?
• How Social Justice Course Changed My Outlook?
• What Are the Three Social Justice Issues That Fires Up as a Citizen in the United States?
• What Has Limited the Impact of UK Disability Equality Law on Social Justice?
• What Is Rawls’ Expanding Framework for Global Justice?
• How Does the Film “Lord of Flies” Relate to Social Justice?
• Does the Legal System Promote Social Justice?
• Are the People Demand Social Justice?
• Social Justice and the University Community: Does Campus?
• What Does “Social Justice” Mean?
• What Does Teaching for Social Justice Mean for Teachers?
• Why Is Education a Social Justice and Right for Each Child?
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, February 29). 150 Social Justice Essay Topics & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/social-justice-essay-examples/

"150 Social Justice Essay Topics & Examples." IvyPanda , 29 Feb. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/social-justice-essay-examples/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '150 Social Justice Essay Topics & Examples'. 29 February.

IvyPanda . 2024. "150 Social Justice Essay Topics & Examples." February 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/social-justice-essay-examples/.

1. IvyPanda . "150 Social Justice Essay Topics & Examples." February 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/social-justice-essay-examples/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "150 Social Justice Essay Topics & Examples." February 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/social-justice-essay-examples/.

• Social Democracy Essay Titles
• Equality Topics
• Social Development Essay Topics
• Tolerance Essay Ideas
• Social Responsibility Topics
• Gender Equality Questions
• Social Security Paper Topics
• Children’s Rights Research Ideas
• Women’s Rights Titles
• Socioeconomic Status Paper Topics
• Human Rights Essay Ideas
• Sociological Perspectives Titles
• Idealism Paper Topics
• Respect Essay Topics
• Libertarianism Research Topics

good research paper writing is our form of justice

25 Interesting Social Justice Research Paper Topics

Through a social justice research paper, you get to demonstrate your awareness as per the current or trending issues in society. Through these research papers, you get to address issues such as inequalities in society while acting as an advocate of social justice. With that in mind, you have to choose an appropriate topic for your research paper, one that will bring you out as a great advocate of social justice. However, with the vastness of social justice, choosing a topic for your research paper can be challenging. But you do not have to worry about that anymore. In this article, we shall outline 25 of the best social justice paper topics in the 21 st century. They are well researched and grouped into categories for ease of selection and comparison. So when your professor asks, are you ready to write your research paper on social justice? You will be prepared because we have got you covered.

What is a social justice research paper?

A social justice research paper is whereby the writer discusses the human thoughts that people should receive equal access to privileges and opportunities within their society. It is a tricky paper but one that is exciting to handle.

List of 25 research topics for paper on social justice

Best social justice research paper topics.

Well, the topics under this “best” category are great topics to use for your research paper. They have excellent research sources, they are current and trending issues in society, and they are fun to venture into. These topics include:

• Gay rights and social justice

Under this topic, you can focus on:

• The history of gay people
• The history of the gay rights movement
• How the perception of gays was reformed radically due to the efforts of the gay rights movements
• Is political Egalitarianism the same as social justice

If you like analyzing social justice in a societies’ political development context, this topic can be thrilling.

• The indigenous people of Australia and social justice relationship

The commission of social justice was formed to provide indigenous people of Australia with a choice. A choice to stand up and push for their rights.

• Criminal and social justice responses to the act of sex working

Criminalization and the negative attitude shown to the sex working community has made sex workers susceptible and vulnerable to physical assault by:

• Men when in streets
• Even policemen
• Catholic teaching on social justice

Churches also want to instill some values in prisoners’ lives via practices and teachings. These teachings lead up to the acceptance of prisoners as individuals who should be treated with dignity.

Interesting topics for a social justice research paper

Now let us look at some interesting topics that you can utilize to broaden your imagination.

Interesting civil rights topics for a research paper on social justice

• The voting right act
• The act representing individuals with disabilities in America
• The BLM(Black lives matter) movement
• Affirmative action

Interesting criminal justice and law enforcement topics for a research paper about social justice

• Mandatory minimums
• Mass incarceration
• Wrongful conviction
• Police brutality

Immigration topics for a college paper about social justice

• Deportation
• Immigration labor
• Border security
• Migrant workers

These interesting topics are bound to develop a pretty thrilling and exciting research paper. Through these topics, you experience social justice and its importance in a whole new way.

Good social justice paper topics on gender minority, cultural, ethnic, and other issues

Under this category, we shall go through some topics that are trending in the world. They are exciting topics and great options to have:

• Cultural appropriation
• Unequal government representation
• Portrayal in popular cultures and media
• Targeted assaults, for example, hate crimes

As per social justice research paper examples, you can find them on the internet by simply searching for the best social justice research paper example. You can then use these examples to master the art of writing a perfect social justice research paper.

The social justice sector is of great importance to society, considering all the injustices that occur every day. We hope this article has helped you choose the perfect social justice research paper topic to express your understanding of society.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

© 2024 justicescholars.org

116 Social Justice Essay Topics

🏆 best essay topics on social justice, 🔎 easy social justice research paper topics, 🎓 most interesting social justice research titles, 💡 simple social justice essay ideas, ❓ social justice research questions.

• Social Justice in Nursing Practice
• The Social Justice Concept Definition
• The Concept of Social Justice in Nursing
• Gender Equity and Social Justice in Schoolchildren
• Ethics and Social Justice in Mental Health System
• The Environment and Social Justice
• Gun Violence as the Social Justice Issue
• Social Justice and Civil Rights Justice is guaranteed by the emergence of appropriate civil rights for various populations, which limits the freedom of others but makes life fairer for all.
• Criminal and Social Justice Intersection: Annotated Bibliography The annotated bibliography of the sources where the criminal and social justice intersection relations are researched.
• Racial Discrimination as a Social Justice Issue Racial discrimination is more pronounced in other US regions than others, and that is why the respective states need to work harmoniously to avert social evil.
• Social Justice Protests Regarding Abortions This study aims to understand abortion rights and how they were significant in women’s equality. Roe v. Rode was a case that challenged the rule about abortion.
• Creative Voices as Social Justice Advocates Poetic language presents information in a way that enables readers to relate the message to their personal experiences and make informed decisions.
• Social Justice, Education, and Critical Pedagogy Education plays a significant role in development. Praxis is the philosophical concept that allows learners to bring into action theories and ideas taught in class.
• Engineering Ethics Education for Social Justice The incident at Morales is a case that provides the reader and the viewers with a moral problem that is arguably confronted at work and home.
• The Social Justice and Nutrition in a Family This paper provides a wider understanding of the practical application of social justice and how the social determinants of health can be used in the description of the family.
• Criminal and Social Justice The example of the PATRIOT Act is especially useful in this regard, as it stands as a shining example of government legislation being misappropriated.
• Individual Responsibilities on Definirion of Social Justice Issues Considering divergent opinions from reviews concerning the non-precision or non-existence of the definition of social justice.
• General Definitions of Social Justice It is essential to provide several general definitions of social justice that will allow us to fully understand and appreciate this concept.
• Social Justice and Barriers in Healthcare One of the most important social justice topics that relate not only to nursing in particular but to healthcare in general, is affordable healthcare.
• The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Its Contribution to Social Justice This paper focuses on the Civil Rights Act of 1964, discussing its coverage in scholarly literature, implications for the public, and discussions in Congress.
• The Principle of Social Justice in World Religions This essay examines the principle of social justice as the subject of a comparative study among the three schools of thought: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism .
• Autonomy and Social Justice for African American and Latino Populations These study objectives are formulated so that the findings will promote autonomy and social justice among the study population.
• Social Justice: American Arab, Jewish American, and Africans Jewish Americans have many variations of cultural features depending on the degree of involvement in religion.
• Exploration of Social Justice Aspects One can state that the government should play a significant role in support for families with children while ensuring child welfare measures being taken are fair.
• The Climate of Social Justice, Racism, COVID-19, and Other Issues The paper argues ideas of music, culture and society are contended to be inseparably connected, which can be clarified through the space of ethnomusicology.
• Advocating for Social Justice Nurses should continue advocating for social justice and suggest strategies to fix the system, making the system genuinely fair.
• Social Justice in Britain’s Workforce Although racism has been outlawed as a social vice, nonetheless, racial discrimination is still one of the major ethical dilemmas in the modern workplace.
• Working for Social Justice Instances of social inequality are common in the current century. This paper discusses the different authors who address the topic of social justice.
• Female Genital Cutting and Social Justice A female genital cutting is a form of female circumcision extremely detrimental to the natural function of the female body.
• Social Justice and Sustainable Business Practices Corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies are gradually acquiring legal effects as they are integrated into elements such as supply chain contracts and labor law.
• The Black Lives Matter Movement as the Call for Social Justice: Analyzing Available Sources of Information A range of sources shed light on the movement The Black Lives Matter, its goals, and the accomplishments that it has achieved so far. This paper analyses some of them.
• American Policing and Social Justice Social justice is a phenomenon that reflects the economic, political, legal, and moral conditions of life and the development of society.
• Catholic Moral Teaching on Charity and Social Justice This paper discusses why Catholic moral teaching is so concerned with charity and social justice and how it can influence the rate of immorality that goes on in this world.
• Social Justice to Maintain Democracy in Australia This essay will look into the impact of social justice concepts in maintaining democracy in Australian society.
• Reconciliation, Australian Aborigines, and Social Justice The objective of the paper is to discuss the relevance of the policy of reconciliation and relevance of the policy of reconciliation to social justice for Australian Aborigines.
• Narrative for Advancing a Social Justice Agenda Gender parity in education is changing, but gender inequality continues to exist in favor for boys in Los Angles.
• Teacher’s Reflection, Liberal Arts and Social Justice The use of reflection by a teacher in the process of writing and thinking enables him/her to reflect on how effective a lesson is.
• Social Justice and Books: Educational Aspects Sherman Alexie’s quote is quite harsh, but true: young adult fiction should not become milder or sweeter just because some of the critics see is as too daunting.
• Getting Involved in Advocacy Practice for Social Justice Analyzing the main factors influencing the willingness of people to get involved in advocacy efforts is the key to figuring out how to boost the activity of the workers.
• Social Justice and Pregnant Addicted Mothers When a pregnant mother is addicted to alcohol and drug, she may end up causing irreparable damage to the unborn child.
• Social Justice and Equality in America There is no single vision of the idea of equality in American society, especially with references to the concept of social justice.
• Social Justice Towards War Veterans
• Freedom, Capitalism, and Institutions for Delivering Social Justice
• Social Justice, Utilitarianism, and Indigenous Australians
• Public Health and Social Justice in the Age of Chadwick
• Social Justice, Free Market Style
• Self-Ownership and Social Justice among Libertarians
• Special Education, Social Justice, and Effective Learning
• Old and New Testament Views on Social Justice Religion
• Criminal Justice, Social Justice, and Morality
• Social Justice Reformers and the Progressive Era
• How Social Justice Is Taught in Elementary School?
• Social Justice Orientation and Multicultural Environment
• Hispanic Social Justice Issue
• Social Justice and the LGBT Community
• The Social Justice Issue in the United States
• 19th Century Jihads and Social Justice, Security, and Prosperity
• Human Morality and Social Justice
• Justice and the Moral Code of Social Justice
• Social Justice and the Performing Arts in Appalachia
• Technology and the Advancement of Social Justice
• Ottawa Charter Social Justice Principles
• Relationship Between Education and Social Justice
• Legal and Social Justice for Hispanics and Women
• Criminal and Social Justice Issues
• Natural Resources, Economic Rents, and Social Justice in Contemporary Africa
• Social Justice and Adult Education
• Health and Social Justice Issues in Saharan Country
• Social Justice Movement and Social Work
• Residential Segregation and Social Justice
• Social Justice Towards Students with Disabilities
• Racial Discrimination, the Complete Opposite of Social Justice
• Parental Participation for Social Justice in Education
• Social Justice and Its Impact on the United States
• The Vietnam War and Its Impact on the Creation of Social Justice
• Social Justice Historic Marxist Classical Writers Believe
• How the Congressional Black Caucus Uses Social Media to Address Social Justice Issues
• Social Justice and Injustice in Kenya
• Race, Medicine, and Social Justice: Pharmacogenetics, Diversity, and the Case of Bid
• Social Justice and the Canadian Correctional System
• The Biblical Prophets’ Teachings on the Love of God in Social Justice
• Social Justice: The Role of Higher Education, Criminality and Race
• Multicultural Education and Social Justice Education
• Globalization and Social Justice in OECD Countries
• Social Justice and Special Needs Students
• Income Disparity and Social Justice Based on Graph
• Social Justice and Different Views of Natural Law among XIX Century Economics
• Producing and Practicing Social Justice in Education
• What Does Teaching for Social Justice Mean for Teacher?
• Nations and Social Classes as the Greatest Barriers to Social Justice
• Anthropology and Social Justice Convergence
• What Does Social Justice Mean?
• Are Consultation and Social Justice Advocacy Similar?
• What Are the Principles of Social Justice and Inclusion?
• Does Perceiving the Poor as Warm and the Rich as Cold Enhance Perceived Social Justice?
• What Has Limited the Impact of UK Disability Equality Law on Social Justice?
• How Does the Film “Lord of the Flies” Relate to Social Justice?
• Why Are Diversity and Inclusion Important for Social Justice?
• How Can Social Justice Be Achieved in Our Society Today?
• What Is the Most Important Issue in Social Justice?
• Does Social Justice Highlight the Relationship Between Social Welfare and Crime Control?
• What Is Needed to Achieve Social Justice?
• Is Social Justice Just About Equality?
• What Is the Relationship Between Equality and Social Justice?
• Is Social Justice a Reasonable Relationship Between the Individual and Society?
• What Is the Main Focus of Social Justice?
• How Does Social Justice Impact Society?
• What Is the Role of Social Justice in Social Work?
• Is Inclusion a Part of Social Justice?
• How Can We Promote Social Justice in the Community?
• Who Is Responsible for Social Justice and Why?
• How Can Social Justice Be Maintained in the Society?
• What Would Happen to the World Without Social Justice?
• Does Social Justice Apply to Everyone?
• What Is the Golden Rule of Social Justice?
• Are Human Rights Based on the Concept of Social Justice?

Cite this post

• Chicago (N-B)
• Chicago (A-D)

StudyCorgi. (2022, October 26). 116 Social Justice Essay Topics. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/social-justice-essay-topics/

"116 Social Justice Essay Topics." StudyCorgi , 26 Oct. 2022, studycorgi.com/ideas/social-justice-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . (2022) '116 Social Justice Essay Topics'. 26 October.

1. StudyCorgi . "116 Social Justice Essay Topics." October 26, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/social-justice-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

StudyCorgi . "116 Social Justice Essay Topics." October 26, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/social-justice-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2022. "116 Social Justice Essay Topics." October 26, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/social-justice-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Social Justice were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 9, 2024 .

Social Justice Research

Social Justice Research publishes original papers that have broad implications for social scientists investigating the origins, structures, and consequences of justice in human affairs.

The journal encompasses justice-related research work using traditional and novel approaches, and spanning the social sciences and beyond: psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, social policy research, political science, law, management science, and others.

This multidisciplinary approach advances the integration of diverse social science perspectives. In addition to original research papers - theoretical, empirical, and methodological - the journal publishes book reviews and, from time to time, special thematic issues.

Social Justice Research is the official journal of the International Society for Justice Research (ISJR).

This is a transformative journal , you may have access to funding.

• Ali Kazemi,
• Kjell Törnblom

Societies and partnerships

• International Society for Justice Research  (opens in a new tab)

Latest issue

Volume 37, Issue 1

Latest articles

Invisible china: how the urban-rural divide threatens china’s rise.

• Xueli Huang

Can Community Music Contribute to More Equitable Societies? A Critical Interpretive Synthesis

• Brydie-Leigh Bartleet

The Relationship of Overall Justice to Flourishing and Job Performance: The Moderating Role of Materialism

• Russell Cropanzano
• Thierry Nadisic
• Rébecca Shankland

When is Affirmative Action Fair? Answers from a Hypothetical Survey Experiment

• Mathieu Bunel
• Élisabeth Tovar

Procedural Justice and the Design of Administrative Dispute Resolution Procedures

• Jan Fekke Ybema

Journal updates

International society for justice research.

Learn more about the International Society for Justice Research (ISJR), the society affiliated with  Social Justice Research .

Journal information

• ABS Academic Journal Quality Guide
• Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) Journal Quality List
• Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences
• Google Scholar
• OCLC WorldCat Discovery Service
• Social Science Citation Index
• TD Net Discovery Service
• UGC-CARE List (India)

Rights and permissions

Springer policies

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

• Find a journal
• Publish with us
• Track your research

Recent faculty research on social justice issues

Harvard Kennedy School faculty have written numerous publications exploring aspects of justice, race, civil advocacy, equality, and related issues that bear on the current racial justice debate in the United States. This list captures recent books, working papers, journal articles, and other relevant research.

Also explore our full  Faculty Papers and Publications collection , which includes thousands of publications by Kennedy School faculty. Use the filters on the left to find publications in your area of interest.

Advocacy and Social Movements

The Science of Contemporary Street Protest: New Efforts in the United States

Chenoweth, Erica. "The Science of Contemporary Street Protest: New Efforts in the United States."  Science Advances  5.10 (October 2019).

What Difference Do Data Make? Data Management and Social Change

Currie, Morgan, Britt Paris, and Joan Donovan. "What Difference Do Data Make? Data Management and Social Change."  Online Information Review  43.6 (October 14, 2019): 971-985.

The Physics of Dissent and the Effects of Movement Momentum

Chenoweth, Erica, and Margherita Belgioioso. "The Physics of Dissent and the Effects of Movement Momentum."  Nature Human Behavior  (August 5, 2019).

Reform, Resistance, and Revolution

Chenoweth, Erica. "Reform, Resistance, and Revolution."  Journal of Human Rights  18.1 (January 2019): 138-145.

Paths of Recruitment: Rational Social Prospecting in Petition Canvassing

Clayton Nall, Benjamin Schneer, and Daniel Carpenter. "Paths of Recruitment: Rational Social Prospecting in Petition Canvassing."  American Journal of Political Science  62.2 (Winter 2018): 192-209.

Can We Solve the Migration Crisis?

Bhabha, Jacqueline.  Can We Solve the Migration Crisis?  Polity, 2018.

Fairness & Justice

Renewing Democracy Requires the Creation of an Inclusive Collective

Ganz, Marshall, and Art Reyes III. "Renewing Democracy Requires the Creation of an Inclusive Collective."  Sanford Social Innovation Review  (Winter 2020).

Genetic Ancestry Testing Among White Nationalists: From Identity Repair to Citizen Science

Panofsky, Aaron, and Donovan, Joan. "Genetic Ancestry Testing Among White Nationalists: From Identity Repair to Citizen Science."  Social Studies of Science  49.no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 653-681.

Stop the Presses? Moving From Strategic Silence to Strategic Amplification in a Networked Media Ecosystem

Donovan, Joan, and Boyd, Danah. "Stop the Presses? Moving From Strategic Silence to Strategic Amplification in a Networked Media Ecosystem."  American Behavioral Scientist  (September 2019).

The Intergenerational Effects of Parental Incarceration

Dobbie, Will, Hans Grönqvist, Susan Niknami, Marten Palme, and Mikael Priks. "The Intergenerational Effects of Parental Incarceration." HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP19-031, 2019.

'Descended from Immigrants and Revolutionists': How Family Immigration History Shapes Representation in Congress

Feigenbaum, James, Maxwell Palmer, and Benjamin Schneer. "'Descended from Immigrants and Revolutionists': How Family Immigration History Shapes Representation in Congress." HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP19-028, September 2019.

Estimating the Effect of Asking About Citizenship on the US Census: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Baum, Matthew A., Bryce J. Dietrich, Rebecca Goldstein, and Maya Sen. "Estimating the Effect of Asking About Citizenship on the US Census: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial." HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP19-015, April 2019.

Problem-Oriented Policing: Matching the Science to the Art

Sparrow, Malcolm K. "Problem-Oriented Policing: Matching the Science to the Art."  Crime Science  7.1 (December 2018).

Revealing Stereotypes: Evidence from Immigrants in Schools

Alesina, Alberto, Michela Carlana, Eliana La Ferrara, and Paolo Pinotti. "Revealing Stereotypes: Evidence from Immigrants in Schools." HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP18-040, November 2018.

Increasing Diversity in Boston’s Exam Schools

Goodman, Joshua, and Melanie Rucinski. "Increasing Diversity in Boston’s Exam Schools." Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston, October 2018.

Goals and Gaps: Educational Careers of Immigrant Children

Carlana, Michela, Eliana La Ferrara, and Paolo Pinotti. "Goals and Gaps: Educational Careers of Immigrant Children." HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP18-036, August 2018.

Happily Ever After: Immigration, Natives’ Marriage, and Fertility

Carlana, Michela and Marco Tabellini. "Happily Ever After: Immigration, Natives’ Marriage, and Fertility." HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP18-035, July 2018.

Implicit Stereotypes: Evidence from Teachers’ Gender Bias

Carlana, Michela. "Implicit Stereotypes: Evidence from Teachers’ Gender Bias." HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP18-034, July 2018.

Slower Productivity and Higher Inequality: Are They Related?

Furman, Jason, and Peter Orszag. "Slower Productivity and Higher Inequality: Are They Related?" June 2018.

Including the Excluded: Supporting Informal Workers for More Equal and Productive Cities in the Global South

Chen, Martha and Victoria Beard. "Including the Excluded: Supporting Informal Workers for More Equal and Productive Cities in the Global South." World Resources Institute, May 2018.

Handcuffed: What Holds Policing Back, and the Keys to Reform

Sparrow, Malcolm K. Handcuffed: What Holds Policing Back, and the Keys to Reform.  Brookings Institution Press , 2016. 

Gender, Race, and Identity

The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America

Muhammad, Khalil.  The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America, 2. Harvard University Press, 2019.

The History and Progress of Black Citizenship

Wright Rigueur, Leah, and Anna Beshlian. "The History and Progress of Black Citizenship."  Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race  (2019): 1-11.

Do 40-Year-Old Facts Still Matter? Long-Run Effects of Federal Oversight under the Voting Rights Act

Ang, Desmond. "Do 40-Year-Old Facts Still Matter? Long-Run Effects of Federal Oversight under the Voting Rights Act." HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP18-033, October 2018.

Deep Roots: How Slavery Still Shapes Southern Politics

Acharya, Avidit, Matthew Blackwell, and Maya Sen.  Deep Roots: How Slavery Still Shapes Southern Politics.  Princeton University Press, 2018.

Meta-Analysis of Field Experiments Shows No Change in Racial Discrimination in Hiring over Time

Pager, Devah. "Meta-Analysis of Field Experiments Shows No Change in Racial Discrimination in Hiring over Time."  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  114.41 (October 2017): 10870-10875. 

Still More on Mariel: The Role of Race

Borjas, George. "Still More on Mariel: The Role of Race." HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP17-029, June 2017. 

Aiming Higher Together: Strategizing Better Educational Outcomes for Boys and Young Men of Color

Ferguson, Ronald. "Aiming Higher Together: Strategizing Better Educational Outcomes for Boys and Young Men of Color." Urban Institute Research Report , May 2016. 

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• Int J Environ Res Public Health

Environmental Justice Research: Contemporary Issues and Emerging Topics

Environmental justice (EJ) research seeks to document and redress the disproportionate environmental burdens and benefits associated with social inequalities. Although its initial focus was on disparities in exposure to anthropogenic pollution, the scope of EJ research has expanded. In the context of intensifying social inequalities and environmental problems, there is a need to further strengthen the EJ research framework and diversify its application. This Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) incorporates 19 articles that broaden EJ research by considering emerging topics such as energy, food, drinking water, flooding, sustainability, and gender dynamics, including issues in Canada, the UK, and Eastern Europe. Additionally, the articles contribute to three research themes: (1) documenting connections between unjust environmental exposures and health impacts by examining unsafe infrastructure, substance use, and children’s obesity and academic performance; (2) promoting and achieving EJ by implementing interventions to improve environmental knowledge and health, identifying avenues for sustainable community change, and incorporating EJ metrics in government programs; and (3) clarifying stakeholder perceptions of EJ issues to extend research beyond the documentation of unjust conditions and processes. Collectively, the articles highlight potentially compounding injustices and an array of approaches being employed to achieve EJ.

Environmental justice (EJ) research seeks to document and redress the disproportionate environmental burdens and benefits associated with social inequalities. Although its initial focus was on anthropogenic pollution, the scope of EJ research has expanded significantly in recent years to encompass other phenomena—for example, access to healthful food and climate change—with disparate negative impacts on particular social groups. Dimensions of social inequality examined have expanded beyond race and socioeconomic status to focus to some degree on ethnicity, immigration status, gender, sexual orientation, age, as well as intersections between dimensions of inequality. In the context of intensifying social inequalities and environmental problems, there is a need to further strengthen the EJ research framework and diversify its application. This Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) incorporates 19 articles that collectively advance EJ scholarship in conceptual, methodological, and empirical terms.

These articles demonstrate how the scope and purpose of EJ research have broadened significantly in recent years and continue to expand in new directions, both topically and geographically. Several articles in this Special Issue break new ground by extending the EJ research framework to consider emerging issues such as energy [ 1 , 2 ], food [ 3 ], drinking water [ 4 , 5 ], flooding [ 6 , 7 ], sustainability initiatives [ 8 , 9 ], and gender dynamics [ 10 ], including EJ concerns in Canada [ 5 , 11 ], the UK [ 12 ], and Eastern Europe [ 13 ]. Finley-Brook and Holloman [ 1 ] explore the EJ implications of energy production in the U.S. Their study demonstrates how the transition from high carbon energy sources such as coal and oil contribute to environmental injustices, and proposes priorities for a new energy justice research agenda that combines advocacy, activism, and academics. Kyne and Bolin [ 2 ] focus on nuclear hazards associated with both the U.S. weapons programs and civilian nuclear power. Their article argues that nuclear power plants, uranium mining, and waste disposal raise a variety of EJ issues that encompass distributive, procedural, recognition, and intergenerational justice. Carrel et al. [ 3 ] examine the EJ impacts of animal feeding operations in Iowa, USA. Their findings underscore the need to understand the structural, political, and economic factors that create an environmentally unjust landscape for swine production in the U.S. Midwest. Galway [ 4 ] investigates access to safe and reliable drinking water in First Nations communities in Ontario, Canada, based on drinking water advisory data. The study highlights the prevalence of drinking water advisories as a growing problem that needs to be addressed. Campbell et al. [ 5 ] focus on the governmental failures in treating the municipal water system that led to the poisoning of hundreds of children and adults in Flint, Michigan, USA, and discuss how such tragic events can be prevented in the future. Maldonado et al. [ 6 ] examine if Hispanic immigrants are disproportionately exposed to flood hazards compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the Houston and Miami metropolitan areas, USA, based on household-level survey data. Their divergent findings for these two urban areas suggest that future EJ research on flooding should distinguish between Hispanic subgroups based on nativity status and other local contextual factors. Muñoz and Tate [ 7 ] focus on the EJ consequences of disaster recovery, based on a case study of three communities in Iowa, USA, that were affected by severe flooding in 2008. Their analysis of the two federal programs that funded property acquisitions indicated that households in socially vulnerable areas were less likely to obtain full financial compensation and endured longer waiting periods before receiving acquisition funds. Jennings et al. [ 8 ] examine another emerging issue in EJ research: advancing sustainability by ensuring that urban ecosystem services and related health benefits are equally distributed across all population groups. Their article integrates complementary concepts from multiple disciplines to illustrate how cultural ecosystem services from urban green spaces are associated with equity and social determinants of health. Hornik et al. [ 9 ] explore how people conceptualize the connection between EJ and sustainability, based on analyzing stakeholder perspectives in Milwaukee, WI, USA. Bell [ 10 ] addresses an important gap in prior EJ research by providing a gender perspective and exploring women’s experience of EJ, based on a review of the existing literature and her own prior experiences as a scholar and activist. Bell’s analysis confirms that women tend to experience inequitable environmental burdens and are less likely than men to have control over environmental decisions, both of which lead to disproportionate health impacts.

In addition to broadening the scope of EJ scholarship by exploring these new frontiers, our Special Issue contributes to three specific research themes: (a) documenting connections between unjust environmental exposures and health impacts; (b) promoting and achieving EJ; and (c) clarifying stakeholder perceptions of EJ issues. These themes and related articles are described below.

Documenting connections between unjust environmental exposures and health impacts : As the EJ framework has expanded in new directions, recent research has emphasized the need to examine health outcomes and health disparities associated with exposure to environmental hazards, thus extending EJ to environmental health justice. Several articles in this Special Issue advance environmental health justice scholarship by documenting linkages between unequal environmental exposure and adverse health impacts associated with unsafe infrastructure and homes [ 5 , 14 ], substance use and addiction [ 15 ], and children’s obesity and academic performance [ 16 ]. Campbell et al. [ 5 ] provide a detailed assessment of the recent drinking water crisis and lead poisoning in Flint, USA. In addition to describing how this tragedy happened and why socially disadvantaged populations are at particularly high risk for lead exposure, Campbell et al. discuss how childhood lead exposure and Flint-like events can be prevented from occurring in the future. Mankikar et al. [ 14 ] examine whether participation in a two-month long environmental education intervention program reduces exposure to homebased environmental health hazards and asthma-related medical visits. Their home intervention program in southeastern Pennsylvania, USA, focused on low-income households where children had asthma, were at risk for lead poisoning, or faced multiple unsafe housing conditions. Cleaning supplies (e.g., a microfiber cloth, soap), safety supplies (e.g., CO detector, fire alarm) and pest management tools (e.g., caulk, roach bait) were provided along with educational materials and face-to-face instruction. Their findings indicate that low-cost comprehensive home interventions are effective in reducing environmental home hazards and improve the health of asthmatic children in the short term. Mennis et al.’s [ 15 ] review article seeks to extend EJ research by including environmental factors influencing substance use disorders—one of the most pressing global public health problems. They demonstrate why inequities in risky substance use environments should be considered as an EJ issue and conclude that future research needs to examine where, why, and how inequities in risky substance use environments occur, the implications of such inequities for disparities in substance use disorders and treatment outcomes, and the implications for tobacco, alcohol, and drug policies as well as prevention and treatment programs. Clark-Reyna et al. [ 16 ] focus on chemicals known as metabolic disruptors that are of specific concern to children’s health and development. Their article examines the effect of residential concentrations of metabolic disrupting chemicals on children’s school performance in El Paso, Texas, USA. Results indicate that concentrations of metabolic disruptors are significantly associated with lower grade point averages directly and indirectly through body mass index. Findings from this study have important implications for future EJ research and chemical policy reform in the U.S.

Promoting and achieving EJ : While EJ scholars often focus on describing the injustices experienced by socially disadvantaged communities, several articles in this Special Issue direct attention toward efforts to achieve EJ through implementation of interventions to improve environmental knowledge and health [ 14 , 17 ], identification of avenues for sustainable and just community and societal change [ 1 , 8 , 9 , 13 ], and incorporation of EJ metrics in government programs [ 12 ]. In the area of interventions, Ramirez-Andreotta et al. [ 17 ] examine parental perceptions of the “report back” process after an exposure assessment. Results showed that parents coped with their challenging circumstances using data and that they made changes to reduce children’s exposure to contaminants. The findings suggest that providing information to EJ community members could be an effective strategy to reduce exposure, when immediate wider scale remediation is not possible. While Mankikar et al. [ 14 ] was summarized above, what is relevant here is that low income communities disproportionately face challenges from poor quality housing, especially renters. The promise of the type of intervention conducted by Mankikar et al. for achieving EJ is that it works to improve the environmental health of children. In terms of identifying avenues for change, Hornik et al. [ 9 ] examine stakeholder beliefs about how positive change should be made to ameliorate injustices related to water pollution in Milwaukee, WI, USA. In order to work towards EJ, the authors argue that is important to build mutual understanding among stakeholders and acknowledge the potential for complex interactions across scales of governance in order to mitigate conflicts. Related to avenues for achieving EJ, Finley-Brook and Holloman [ 1 ] emphasize the importance of involving communities in the participatory design of solutions and fairly distributing benefits. The energy case studies they review suggest that empowering approaches are feasible, but also highlight the potential for conflict between what is “green” and what is “just”. Petrescu-Mag et al. [ 13 ] explore EJ issues in a Roma community in Romania beset by environmental challenges associated with a landfill. Researchers engaged community residents in discussions about potential action options, and residents strongly preferred improving local on-site living opportunities at the dump. An examination of the process of selecting this option suggests that negotiations among stakeholders are required in order to begin to address environmental injustices. Jennings et al. [ 8 ] argue that it is critical for all communities to have access to cultural ecosystem services that influence social determinants of health in order to achieve health equity and promote physical and psychological well-being. Taking a different approach, Fairburn et al. [ 12 ] trace the development and diffusion of indices of multiple deprivation (IMD). EJ scholars have impacted public policy through the incorporation of environmental data into IMD in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, and evidence suggests that IMD are potential catalysts for EJ as they enable decision-makers to make more equitable decisions.

Clarifying stakeholder perceptions of EJ issues : The EJ research framework has focused on objectively documenting conditions and processes that constitute environmental injustices. Based on this materialist foundation, less emphasis in EJ research has been placed on people’s subjectivities. Several articles in this Special Issue advance EJ research by examining and clarifying stakeholder subjectivities regarding EJ issues [ 9 , 11 , 18 , 19 ], which extends the research framework beyond the documentation of unjust conditions and processes. In Hornik et al.’s [ 9 ] study, which clarifies community group perceptions of EJ in the context of water sustainability initiatives in Milwaukee, WI, USA, stakeholders shared similar perspectives on environmental injustice as an everyday experience. However, they had divergent perspectives on how environmental injustices are produced and most effectively redressed, which has implications for promoting initiatives for EJ and sustainability. Teixeira and Zuberi [ 18 ] examine neighborhood perceptions of environmental health hazards among black youth in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Youth identified the intersection of race and poverty, poor waste management, housing abandonment, and crime as salient neighborhood environmental concerns, and understood correctly (based on the authors’ analysis of secondary spatial data) that black vs. white neighborhoods in the city are characterized by unequal environments. Findings suggest that environmental conditions provide clearly recognizable indicators of injustice for youth, and, furthermore, that youth interpret the lack of response to unjust conditions to imply that no one cares. Songsore and Buzzelli [ 11 ] examine the role of Ontario, Canada media in amplifying people’s perceptions of wind energy development (WED) health risks and injustices. Scientific evidence for negative health effects of wind turbines is contested, yet provincial media legitimated concerns about serious health impacts, which amplified public health risk perceptions and aroused claims of procedural injustice regarding the lack of community participation in Ontario’s WED process. Findings highlight the importance of media in shaping perceptions of environmental injustice, and reveal how public perceptions of injustice may be cultivated to impede societal transitions toward renewable energy sources. Ard et al. [ 19 ] use multilevel models in a US national study of the roles of neighborhood social capital and exposure to industrial air pollution in explaining the racial gap in self-rated health between black, Hispanic, and white individuals. They found that individuals’ feelings of trust in neighbors of different social standing and perceptions of political empowerment largely accounted for lower self-rated health among African Americans (and partially accounted for it among Hispanics) relative to whites, while exposure to industrial air pollution was statistically irrelevant. Results suggest that people’s perceptions of well-being may be shaped largely by their social contexts, and that harmful environmental exposures may not always be of paramount importance in shaping those perceptions. Taken together, these articles underscore how people’s subjectivities deeply matter: they influence which phenomena are contested as EJ issues and condition possibilities for redressing environmentally unjust arrangements.

The wide array of environmental health hazards, communities, and countries represented in this Special Issue reflect the expanding scope and purpose of EJ research, which has broadened and transformed significantly in recent years. The articles cover topics ranging from energy, food, water, obesogenic chemicals, landfills, and greenspace. They document connections between unjust environmental exposures and health impacts; provide ideas for how to promote and achieve EJ; and clarify stakeholder perceptions of EJ issues. In doing so, the Special Issue illustrates the existence of multiple and compounding marginalities, but also the wide variety of approaches being employed to achieve EJ, in its many diverse forms.

Author Contributions

All three authors contributed to the organization, writing, and editing of this manuscript.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Articles on Injustice

Displaying 1 - 20 of 24 articles.

Aspirant Black chartered accountants in South Africa feel marginalised, hurting pass rates and their mental health

Sedzani Musundwa , University of South Africa

Three secrets to successful climate litigation

Morgiane Noel , Trinity College Dublin

Coffy: how Blaxploitation star Pam Grier helped lead the way for strong resilient women in film

Andrew Dix , Loughborough University

‘Freedom convoy’ protesters’ anger is misdirected

Audrey Yap , University of Victoria ; Barrett Emerick , St. Mary's College of Maryland , and Katie Stockdale , University of Victoria

Why children must be involved in research in the aftermath of  COVID-19

Chloë Brushwood Rose , York University, Canada

Should there be a limit on how much debt a young person takes on?

Paul Schofield , Bates College

Climate-protected citadels, virtual worlds only for the privileged: is this the future of inequality?

Matthew Finch , University of Southern Queensland and Marie Mahon , University of Galway

Vigilantism, again in the news, is an American tradition

Jonathan Obert , Amherst College

How to build a better Canada after COVID-19 : The power of everyday actions can bring about change

Jocelyn Thorpe , University of Manitoba

Hoarding during the coronavirus isn’t just unnecessary, it’s ethically wrong

Jaime Ahlberg , University of Florida

Stateless review: remembering a time when we were outraged

George Newhouse , Macquarie University

How telling stories through art and music helps West Papuans heal from decades of abuse

Camellia Webb-Gannon , University of Wollongong

More than 1,700 activists have been killed this century defending the environment

Nathalie Butt , The University of Queensland and Mary Menton , University of Sussex

Recycling: poorer countries can now refuse plastic waste imports – this could make the system fairer

Jen Allan , Cardiff University

What causes greed and how can we deal with it?

Laura E. Alexander , University of Nebraska Omaha

How to show gratitude to TSA workers

Jeremy David Engels , Penn State

Diversity predicaments on the campus: moral tribalism, free speech, and productive discomfort in a polarised world

Michelle Mielly , Grenoble École de Management (GEM) and Naida Culshaw , Grenoble École de Management (GEM)

Why a census question about citizenship should worry you, whether you’re a citizen or not

Michael Blake , University of Washington

Why justice is more important than the rule of law

Klaus Mladek , Dartmouth College

Wanting revenge is only natural – here’s why

Stephen Fineman , University of Bath

Related Topics

• Coronavirus
• Ethical question
• Human rights
• Vigilantism

Top contributors

Lecturer, University of Wollongong

Postdoctoral Fellow, The University of Queensland

Professor Emeritus in Organization Studies, University of Bath

Professor of Communication Arts and Sciences, Penn State

Senior Lecturer, Psychology, Glasgow Caledonian University

Senior Lecturer in Sociology, Manchester Metropolitan University

Lecturer, Philosophy, Politics and Law Programme Co-ordinator, University of KwaZulu-Natal

Robert S. Lynd Professor of Sociology, Columbia University

Professor in People, Organizations, Society, Grenoble École de Management (GEM)

Senior Lecturer in Financial Accounting, University of South Africa

Professor of Philosophy, University of Pretoria

Associate Professor of German Studies and Comparative Literature, Dartmouth College

Adjunct Research Fellow, University of Southern Queensland

Professor of Philosophy, Public Policy and Governance, University of Washington

Affiliate Professor, Grenoble École de Management (GEM)

• X (Twitter)
• Unfollow topic Follow topic

Home — Blog — Topic Ideas — 200 Social Justice Essay Topics for Students

200 Social Justice Essay Topics for Students

Crafting essays on social justice empowers students to articulate their perspectives on the vast spectrum of challenges that confront our societies. It encourages a deep dive into the complexities of societal structures and the mechanisms of oppression and privilege that define our lived realities. By engaging with social justice topics for students, young scholars are prompted to critically analyze the status quo, envision alternatives, and contribute to the ongoing dialogues that shape our aspirations for a more equitable world.

Before we dive into the diverse array of social justice topics, let's establish a shared understanding of what social justice entails. It's a concept deeply rooted in the idea that everyone deserves equal rights, opportunities, and access to resources, regardless of their background, identity, or socioeconomic status. This section will unravel the complexities of social justice, setting a solid foundation for the topics that follow.

Essays on social justice emerge as a powerful medium of expression and advocacy. They serve not just as academic exercises, but as profound declarations of our awareness and engagement with the pressing issues that sculpt the contours of contemporary society. Delving into social justice topics for students provides a unique opportunity to explore the intricate web of equity, rights, and fairness that underpins our shared human experience. These essays invite us on a journey to understand and confront the myriad forms of social injustice topics that mar our world, from systemic racism and gender inequality to economic disparity and environmental degradation.

Moreover, these essays play a crucial role in illuminating the path towards understanding and action, serving as catalysts for change by fostering empathy, raising awareness, and galvanizing community engagement. They provide a platform for the voices of the marginalized and the advocates alike, weaving together narratives that underscore the urgency of our collective pursuit of justice.

In sum, essays on social justice are not merely assignments; they are reflections of a deeper commitment to grappling with the complexities of human rights and dignity. They challenge us to think critically, act compassionately, and engage constructively in the quest for a society where justice is not merely an ideal, but a lived reality for all. As we delve into social justice topics for students and explore the realms of social injustice topics, we embark on an intellectual and moral voyage that holds the promise of transformation—both personal and societal.

Moving from theory to practice, we transition into the heart of our discussion—social justice topics to write about, tailored for various educational levels. This segment is meticulously crafted, ensuring that the topics resonate with students from elementary to college levels, fostering an environment of learning and growth that transcends academic boundaries.

For those seeking to enrich their exploration of social justice , resources such as GradesFixer offer a reservoir of essays and studies, serving as a wellspring of inspiration and knowledge to augment your scholarly journey.

🥇 The Best 10 Social Justice Topics to Write About in 2024

In an ever-evolving world, the pursuit of equity and justice remains a cornerstone of societal progress. The following social justice topics list for 2024 reflects the current pulse of discussions aiming to address and rectify the inequalities that permeate our global community. From environmental concerns to the nuances of digital accessibility: these top 10 essay topics are curated to inspire thoughtful exploration and insightful discourse among those passionate about forging a fairer world.

• Climate Change and Environmental Justice : Exploring the Impact on Vulnerable Communities
• Digital Divide and Access to Technology : Bridging the Gap in Education
• Racial Equality and Police Reform : Strategies for Building Trust in Communities
• Gender Identity and Inclusivity in Schools : Supporting LGBTQ+ Rights and Awareness
• Income Inequality and Economic Mobility : Examining the Barriers to Financial Stability
• Immigration and Refugee Rights : Understanding the Humanitarian Perspective
• Mental Health Awareness and Stigma Reduction : Promoting Wellness in All Sectors of Society
• Educational Equity for Marginalized Groups : Addressing Systemic Barriers in Schools
• Voting Rights and Electoral Reform : Ensuring Fair Representation for All Citizens
• Food Security and Nutrition : Tackling Hunger and Access to Healthy Food

✊ Successful Social Justice Topics for College Students

• The Intersectionality of Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Modern Society
• Climate Change Activism: A Social Justice Perspective
• The Role of Social Media in Advocating for Human Rights
• Police Brutality and Criminal Justice Reform in the United States
• The Impact of Gender Wage Gaps on Economic Inequality
• Mental Health Stigma and Accessibility to Care
• Immigration Policy Reform and the Rights of Refugees
• Indigenous Rights and Land Reclamation Movements
• The Educational Divide: Addressing Inequity in Public Schools
• LGBTQ+ Rights and Legal Recognition Worldwide
• Food Insecurity and Urban Poverty Solutions
• Racial Profiling and its Effects on Communities of Color
• The Fight for Disability Rights and Inclusion in the Workplace
• Women's Reproductive Rights and Healthcare Access
• The Influence of Art and Culture in Social Justice Movements
• Environmental Racism and Health Disparities in Minority Communities
• Affordable Housing and the Fight Against Homelessness
• Child Labor and Exploitation in the Global Economy
• Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethical Business Practices
• The Digital Divide: Internet Access as a Human Right
• Voter Suppression and Democracy in the 21st Century
• The Role of Education in Social Mobility
• Fast Fashion and the Ethics of Consumption
• Gun Control and Violence Prevention Strategies
• Prison Reform and the Abolition Movement
• The Stigmatization of Substance Abuse and Recovery
• Body Positivity and Media Representation
• Animal Rights and the Ethical Treatment of Livestock
• Age Discrimination in Employment and Media
• Social Justice in Sports: Taking a Knee
• Gender Fluidity and the Spectrum of Identity
• The Economics of Healthcare and Universal Coverage
• The Right to Privacy in the Digital Age
• Free Speech and Hate Speech: Drawing the Line
• Student Loan Debt and the Crisis of Higher Education
• The Global Impact of Western Consumerism
• Black Lives Matter: Past, Present, and Future
• The War on Drugs and Racial Disparities in Incarceration
• Climate Refugees and International Law
• The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Social Change
• Toxic Masculinity and Gender Norms
• Cultural Appropriation vs. Cultural Exchange
• Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development
• The Rise of Populism and its Impact on Minority Rights
• Accessibility in Technology: Bridging the Gap for the Disabled
• The Ethical Implications of AI and Automation on Labor
• The Fight for Net Neutrality and Open Internet
• Youth Activism and the Role of Young People in Social Justice
• Globalization and its Effects on Indigenous Cultures
• The Opioid Crisis and Public Health Policy

🍎 Easy Social Justice Topics for High School Students

• Understanding Racism and Its Impact on Society
• Gender Equality: Breaking Down Stereotypes
• The Importance of Cultural Diversity in Schools
• Climate Change: Simple Steps to Make a Difference
• Bullying: Recognizing and Preventing It
• Mental Health Awareness Among Teens
• LGBTQ+ Rights and Acceptance
• The Effects of Social Media on Body Image
• Homelessness: Causes and Community Solutions
• Animal Rights and Ethical Treatment
• Food Insecurity: Addressing Hunger in Our Communities
• Disability Rights and Inclusion
• Education Equity for All Students
• Child Labor and Ethical Consumerism
• Digital Literacy and Online Safety
• Water Conservation and Access to Clean Water
• Youth Activism and Social Change
• The Role of Art in Social Justice Movements
• Reducing Waste and Sustainable Living
• Fair Trade Products and Practices
• Immigrant Rights and Integration Challenges
• Public Transportation and Accessibility
• The Importance of Voting and Civic Participation
• Cyberbullying and How to Combat It
• Supporting Local Businesses and Economies
• Gun Control and School Safety
• The History and Impact of Civil Rights Movements
• Peer Pressure and Making Positive Choices
• Sports and Gender Equality
• The Role of Technology in Education
• Understanding and Preventing Hate Crimes
• The Stigma Surrounding Mental Health
• The Impact of Fast Fashion on the Environment
• Affordable Healthcare Access
• Raising Awareness about Global Poverty
• Censorship and Freedom of Speech
• Recycling and Environmental Responsibility
• The Power of Nonviolent Protest
• Media Literacy and Identifying Fake News
• Cultural Appropriation vs. Appreciation
• The Benefits of Bilingual Education
• Supporting Veterans and Military Families
• The Dangers of Texting and Driving
• Privacy Rights in the Digital Age
• Dealing with Loneliness and Isolation
• The Importance of Community Service
• Tackling Ageism and Respecting Elders
• The Ethics of Genetic Engineering
• Renewable Energy and Its Benefits
• Understanding Economic Inequality

🎒 Simple Social Justice Topics for Elementary Students

• Celebrating Differences: Understanding Diversity
• Friendship Across Cultures: Making Friends from Different Backgrounds
• Why Kindness Matters: Being Kind to Everyone
• The Planet Earth: Why We Should Take Care of It
• Sharing is Caring: The Importance of Sharing with Others
• All Families Are Special: Understanding Different Family Structures
• Everyone is Unique: Celebrating Individual Talents
• Bullying is Wrong: How to Stand Up and Speak Out
• Helping Others: The Joy of Giving
• Respect for All: Learning to Respect Differences
• Animals are Friends: Treating Animals with Kindness
• Recycling: How We Can Help the Earth
• Healthy Eating: Understanding Nutrition and Food Justice
• Water is Precious: Conserving Water for Everyone
• Clean Up Our World: Participating in Community Clean-Ups
• Playing Fair: The Importance of Fairness in Games and Life
• Listening to Each Other: The Value of Communication
• Everyone Belongs: Creating Inclusive Spaces
• Saying Sorry: The Power of Apologies
• Gratitude: Being Thankful for What We Have
• Helping at Home: Understanding Responsibilities
• Teamwork: Working Together to Achieve Goals
• The Golden Rule: Treating Others How You Want to Be Treated
• Our Community Helpers: Appreciating Those Who Help Us
• Protecting Our Planet: Simple Acts to Save the Environment
• Being Brave: Standing Up for What is Right
• The Beauty of Languages: Exploring Different Languages and Cultures
• History Heroes: Learning About Leaders Who Fought for Justice
• Planting Trees: How Trees Benefit Our World
• Saving Energy: Ways to Conserve Energy at Home
• Understanding Disabilities: Embracing All Abilities
• Cyber Safety: Being Safe and Kind Online
• The Importance of Exercise: Staying Active for Health
• The World of Books: Exploring Stories from Around the Globe
• Sharing Cultures: Celebrating Cultural Festivals
• Being a Good Listener: The Importance of Listening to Others
• Acts of Kindness: Small Acts That Make a Big Difference
• Equal Play: Everyone Has the Right to Play
• The Joy of Music: Exploring Music from Different Cultures
• Respecting Elders: Learning from the Wisdom of Older Generations
• Friendship without Borders: Making Friends Without Judging
• Caring for Plants: Understanding the Role of Plants in Our Ecosystem
• The Importance of Patience: Learning to Wait
• Smiling: The Universal Language of Kindness
• The Story of Food: From Farm to Table
• Walking in Someone Else's Shoes: Understanding Empathy
• The Magic of Art: Expressing Yourself Through Art
• Water Worlds: Learning About the Importance of Oceans and Rivers
• Dream Big: Everyone Has the Right to Dream
• Stars and Beyond: Understanding Our Place in the Universe

👍 More Good Social Justice Topics for Elementary Students

• Friendship Benches: Creating Spaces for Inclusion
• The Power of Words: Using Kind Language
• Celebrating All Abilities: Understanding Special Needs
• Why We Recycle: The Journey of a Recyclable Item
• Acts of Courage: Standing Up for Friends
• The World's Water: Why Some People Don't Have Clean Water
• Learning About Homelessness: How We Can Help
• Understanding Feelings: Talking About Emotions
• Everyone's a Scientist: Girls and Boys in Science
• Our Green Earth: Why Plants Are Important
• Sharing Stories: Listening to Each Other's Experiences
• The Art of Sharing: Why Sharing is Important in Cultures
• Respect for Nature: Learning to Love the Outdoors
• The Rainbow of People: Understanding Skin Color
• Food for Everyone: Why Some People Are Hungry
• My Body, My Rights: Understanding Personal Boundaries
• The World of Insects: Their Role in Our World
• Kindness to Animals: Why All Animals Deserve Respect
• The Clothes We Wear: Talking About Fashion and Ethics
• Our Actions Matter: How Small Actions Affect Others
• Celebrate Differences: Learning About Different Holidays
• The Gift of Giving: How Donating Makes a Difference
• Walking Together: Unity in Diversity
• Our Planet, Our Home: Actions to Protect Earth
• Everyone Can Lead: Leadership for Boys and Girls
• Music Makes Us One: Exploring Music from Around the World
• Our Ancestors' Stories: Learning From History
• The Magic of Movies: Understanding Representation in Film
• Playing Without Winning: The Joy of Play
• The Library: A World of Knowledge for Everyone
• The Right to Rest: Understanding the Importance of Leisure
• The Joy of Discovery: Encouraging Curiosity
• Growing Together: The Importance of Community Gardens
• The History of Toys: Toys From Around the World
• The Colors of the World: Exploring Art from Different Cultures
• We All Need Help: Understanding Dependency and Support
• Learning from Animals: Lessons in Compassion and Care
• The Value of Work: Appreciating All Jobs
• Everyone's Voice Counts: Encouraging Participation
• Anti-Semitism Today: Identifying and Combating
• Saving Our Friends: Endangered Animals and Conservation
• Sun, Moon, and Stars: Learning About Astronomy and Cultures
• The World of Comics: Exploring Stories and Messages
• Our Digital World: The Importance of Being Kind Online
• Let's Move: The Benefits of Different Sports
• Understanding Weather: The Science and Its Impact
• Crafting for a Cause: Making Things to Help Others
• The Power of Patience: Waiting Can Be Rewarding
• Our Earthly Treasures: Conserving Natural Resources
• The Stories We Tell: The Importance of Narratives in Culture

🌍 The World Through Social Justice Topics

Exploring the vast landscape of social justice topics for students offers a unique opportunity to engage with the pressing issues shaping our world today. Each social justice topic serves as a window into the experiences and challenges faced by diverse communities, fostering empathy, understanding, and a deepened sense of global citizenship among students. From the elementary classrooms where the seeds of awareness are planted to the rigorous debates of college seminars, topics of social justice play a pivotal role in shaping the minds and hearts of the next generation. By delving into these topics, students embark on a journey of growth, equipped with the knowledge and compassion necessary to navigate the complexities of social justice with grace and determination. Let us continue to curate and engage with social justice topics that not only inform but inspire action and change, ensuring that every student can find their voice in the chorus calling for equity and justice in our shared world.

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

• How It Works
• All Projects
• All Services
• Write my essay
• Buy essay online
• Custom coursework
• Creative writing
• Custom admission essay
• College essay writers
• IB extended essays
• Buy speech online
• Pay for essays
• College papers
• Do my homework
• Write my paper
• Custom dissertation
• Buy research paper
• Buy dissertation
• Write my dissertation
• Essay for cheap
• Essays for sale
• Non-plagiarized essays
• Buy coursework
• Term paper help
• Buy assignment
• Custom thesis
• Custom research paper
• College paper
• Coursework writing
• Edit my essay
• Nurse essays
• Business essays
• Custom term paper
• Buy college essays
• Buy book report
• Cheap custom essay
• Argumentative essay
• Assignment writing
• Custom book report
• Custom case study
• Doctorate essay
• Finance essay
• Scholarship essays
• Essay topics
• Research paper topics
• Essay samples
• Top Query Link

50 Social Justice Topics | Best Essay Writing Ideas

The phrase social justice may sound simple, but it covers a pretty diverse scope of issues affecting our society. These include religion, income equality, race, sexual orientation, and gender, among many others. Since these are issues we encounter every day, you will, on countless times in your student life, get assigned a social justice project. Note, this is regardless of what course you may be taking. Therefore, it’s wise to equip yourself with a selection of great social justice topics, and also know how to go about the writing process beforehand. Fortunately, you happen to be at the right place. Check out the roundup of great social justice research topics, as well as a few tips to guide you through the process below.

A List of Social Justice Topics

The key to writing an exemplary social justice research paper is equipping with a list of good social justice topics you are both interested in and that have plenty of information sources. On that note, check out the list below

General Social Justice Topic Ideas

• What impact does diversity have on social justice?
• Define social justice
• How a corporate policy can affect the staff’s mental health
• What is your take on fundraisers? Are they real charities or money laundering projects?
• Explain the background and reasons that often lead to employee riots
• What should immigrating foreigners expect? A better life or condemnation?
• Explain the connection between globalization and the increase in substance abuse rates
• Describe the political side of most modern wars.
• Obesity as an obstacle to one’s social life
• Increasing unemployment as the direct consequence of economic recessions
• The impact of global warming on small island nations such as the Maldives
• History and the progression of the idea in Western political thought
• Globalization on international hospitality and tourism and how it impacts the local population
• Non-governmental organizations, are they positive activists of change?
• LGBTQ + pride movement
• Describe the negative impact of societal beauty standards
• What is the extent of abuse and neglect in orphanages, care homes, and orphanages

Good Social Justice Debate Topics

• Can peace exist without war?
• Define the relationship between social media and the increased cases of suicide
• Reverse discrimination- a myth or reality?
• A world of peace- is it real, or is it just a far-fetched fantasy?
• Is the issuing of green cards a privilege or a necessity?
• Should we perceive it as sex work or paid rape?
• The church and the state- is it possible for them to remain separate?
• Will gun control laws help reduce mass shootings?
• Is consent a valid concept in the porn industry?
• Building a wall between the US and Mexico? Logical or racist?
• The immunization debate; should vaccination be mandatory?

Social Justice Speech Topics

• Who pays the price of war and terrorism?
• Talk about white privilege in the media
• Can social media help society overcome the problem of illiteracy?
• Talk about child abuse prevention strategies in the US
• The societal impact on teenage smoking
• Dating violence among university and college students
• The effect of TV on infant child development
• The issue of discrimination; do existing policies adequately protect citizens?
• Problems brought about by illiteracy
• Economic issues in developing countries and their link to the US economy
• Address discrimination in sports

Social Justice Topics in Education

• Why is peace education rare than shooting classes
• Describe the mistreatment or abuse of autistic kids in elementary schools
• Should our educational system be flexible enough to accommodate the evolving world, or is it a much wiser idea to retain the old standards?
• Discrimination against the female gender or non-citizens in our education system
• The impact of illiteracy on our community today
• The impact of bullying and anxiety development in teenagers
• Social media as the new form of bullying
• How accessible is our educational system, the poor, migrant works, refugees, and other minority groups?
• Mandatory uniform as a means to wipe out student identity
• Can social media help our society overcome the problem of illiteracy?
• Free education for everyone, will it ever become a reality

Thoughts On Social Justice Essay Writing

Writing an essay on social justice is not only a regular part of your student life but is meant to train you into a functioning adult in society. Writing on different social justice research topics will also help you keep up with the trends and changes taking place in our society. Therefore, to write the perfect social justice essay ensure you

Choose Social Justice Topics Wisely

When it comes to writing on social justice, it’s wise to choose a topic relevant to the community at that time. For instance, all social justice topics on our list directly impact society today. Therefore, choosing to write on any of them will cause controversy because not everyone has the same opinion as you. Hence, your audience, in this case, your professor, will be curious to see how you handle a particular social justice issue.

But other than being relevant, good social justice topics usually have plenty of research material. So apart from choosing a topic related to 2023, make sure whatever you opt to write about won’t leave you all drained.

Invest in Research

Social justice topics such as bullying in school usually have plenty of press. In that breath, you want to make your essay on social justice as unique and as memorable as possible. Therefore, instead of writing what everyone knows, go the extra mile in doing your research. For instance, if your social justice topic of choice is bullying, choose to address the psychological part of it, instead of the regular effects most students do.

Support Your Stance with Examples

As noted earlier, social justice mainly focuses on issues that affect our everyday lives. It is all about things that take place in our community regularly. Therefore, read the relevant college essay examples to help your audience relate to the social justice topic you’ve chosen to write about on a personal level. For instance, if you are talking about climate change, use examples that will hit close to home, such as increased energy costs. This way, your audience understands just how critical climate change is and why they should take action!

Keep your social justice essay very simple. Once you are done, revise and edit it to confirm that it is flawless. To make sure you submit a plagiarism-free paper and excellent grades, we advise you to hire our essay writers .

It’s your lucky day! Use promo “ custom20 ” – we’ve prepared a 20% discount off your social justice writing assignment from the best academic writers!

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Have a team of vetted experts take you to the top, with professionally written papers in every area of study.

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

• View all journals
• My Account Login
• Explore content
• About the journal
• Publish with us
• Sign up for alerts
• Open access
• Published: 26 July 2023

Assessing climate justice awareness among climate neutral-to-be cities

• Nives Della Valle   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8241-4677 1 ,
• Giulia Ulpiani 1 &
• Nadja Vetters 2  

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications volume  10 , Article number:  440 ( 2023 ) Cite this article

2779 Accesses

6 Citations

10 Altmetric

Metrics details

• Social policy

This paper sheds light on the importance of evaluating climate justice concerns when forging climate-neutral strategies at the city level. Climate justice can be a useful policy lever to develop measures that promote simultaneously greenhouse gas emissions reductions and their social justice dimension, thus reducing the risk of adverse impacts. As a result, evaluating policymakers’ awareness of (i) recognition (ii) distributive (iii) procedural, and (iv) intergenerational issues about the transition to climate neutrality might help identify where to intervene to ensure that decisions towards more sustainable urban futures are born justly and equitably. This study uses data from the European Mission on 100 Climate Neutral and Smart Cities by 2030 and a principal component analysis to build an index of climate justice awareness. It then identifies control factors behind different levels of climate justice awareness. The empirical analysis suggests that the more cities are engaged in climate efforts, the more they implement these efforts considering also the social justice dimension. It also reveals that the geographical location and the relationship with higher levels of governance contribute to shape the heterogeneity in a just-considerate climate action by virtue of different governance structures, historical legacies, and economic, cultural, and political characteristics. Overall, the analysis unveils that the availability of governmental support in capacity building and financial advisory services, and the breadth of the city’s legal powers across different fields of action are positively related to justice awareness. Conversely, the perception of favourable geo-climatic conditions is negatively correlated. These relationships can be read as assistance needs that cities perceive in their pathway to just climate neutrality and highlight where future efforts in research and policy-making should focus in the following years to pave the way to a just transition.

Similar content being viewed by others

US cities increasingly integrate justice into climate planning and create policy tools for climate justice

Claudia V. Diezmartínez & Anne G. Short Gianotti

U.S. cities’ integration and evaluation of equity considerations into climate action plans

Holly Caggiano, Diren Kocakuşak, … Melissa O. Tier

Municipal finance shapes urban climate action and justice

Introduction.

Since before the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was established in 1992, climate change discussions have included justice concerns. However, it is only in recent years that the concept of climate justice has become prominent in climate academic and policy debates. We can now clearly understand climate justice as justice in relation to (i) the responsibility for climate change and its impacts, or (ii) the effects of responses to climate change (Newell et al., 2021 ). We can also link it to the ‘triple injustices’ of climate change (i.e., uneven distribution of impacts, uneven responsibility for climate change, and uneven costs associated with mitigation and adaptation (Roberts & Parks, 2015 ), wherein those who are the least responsible for greenhouse gas emissions are also those who are most vulnerable to their impacts and most disadvantaged by responses to climate change (Krause, 2021 ). In this study, we understand climate justice in relation to the effects of responses to climate change.

Despite the academic interest in climate justice has increasingly gained momentum, several scholars have debated on its operational value, as it might remain only normative and theoretical (Hughes & Hoffmann, 2020 ; Schlosberg & Collins, 2014 ). As an example, Brisley et al. ( 2012 ) emphasise that there are no specific metrics available to assess the inclusion of justice dimensions in climate policies. In this study, we aim to uncover the operational value of climate justice by evaluating justice concerns in climate decision-making processes. In particular, we build on the proposal advanced by Sovacool et al. ( 2017 ) that justice frameworks can serve as decision-making tools that can assist planners in making policy choices capable to address both the climate change and the social justice goals. In this case, planners and regulators are “justice aware”. However, assessing justice concerns is a challenging task, as there might be heterogeneity in how these are conceived and addressed, depending on the context and the governance level (Chu & Cannon, 2021 ). Indeed, embedded in the very definition of climate justice are the pillars of territorial cohesion and multi-level governance, with national, regional, and local actors all called upon.

In this study, we focus on the local, notably urban, level. Cities are locations where developing measures against climate change is highly urgent (Nevens & Roorda, 2014 ) and where opportunities for co-creation with the civil society are abundant. In particular, urban areas in the developed world account for more than 70% of energy-related global greenhouse gases from the supply side (Bellucci et al., 2012 ), and the share would be even higher in terms of consumption (Hoornweg et al., 2011 ). Additionally, the majority of the global population lives in cities (United Nations, 2019 ). At the same time, there is an increasing consensus on the key role that cities can play as agents of change in addressing global climate change (van der Heijden et al., 2019 ). During the late 2000s, cities began to emerge as alternative hubs for political leadership, technological advancement, and financial support in advancing climate action (Bulkeley, 2010 ). They are exposed to activities, processes, or patterns, which make them the perfect loci to implement mitigation and adaptation efforts (Diana Reckien et al., 2015 ). In fact, cities can be seen as “natural” sites for innovative and experimental climate action in a progressive direction (Evans et al., 2016 ). Municipalities themselves recognised their key role in global climate mitigation and adaption, and committed to take concrete steps to combat the climate crisis, as announced by over 100 cities at the end of the UN’s Climate Action Summit in 2019 (Salvia et al., 2021 ). Further, a number of city-dedicated initiatives to deliver on the European Green Deal have been promoted to catalyse a capillary reaction to climate change at the sub-national level, including the Covenant of Mayors—that gathers 10,000+ signatories committed to climate change mitigation and adaptation—and the European Mission on 100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities (hereinafter, the Cities Mission), through which cities will pursue climate neutrality by 2030 and will thereby design and implement ambitious climate mitigation plans while elaborating on the green, digital, and just attributes of the transition.

Although these ambitious cities are ideal contexts where both environmental and social justice goals can be achieved, due to the relatively short distance between municipalities and citizens, compared to other governance levels (Evans, 2011 ), they can be hot spots of injustices, which manifest in multiple ways, including displacement, destructive redevelopments or uneven investments that may exacerbate inequalities (Phillips et al., 2022 ). That is why, to express their full potential as agents of change in addressing global climate change (Bouzarovski & Haarstad, 2019 ), cities need to be able to recognise the link between the planned climate efforts and their multiple implications to avoid generating or exacerbating forms of injustice (Hughes & Hoffmann, 2020 ). In short, cities need to be justice-aware when developing climate action and the degree of awareness should become an indicator and a lever to guide and course-correct climate policy so that truly resilient and future-proof urban decisions can be taken.

This study aims to uncover the operational value of climate justice by providing a quantitative, ex-ante assessment of climate justice considerations in urban climate action planning. The proposed methodology overcomes the uncertainties in terms of robustness, comparability, and interpretability of results that come with the conceptual approaches and/or limited city samples that characterise the existing literature on the topic. Instead of qualitatively analysing a set of climate plans, we leverage the newly collected Cities Mission dataset as an unprecedented portray of where hundreds of European cities stand in terms of climate mitigation against the background of a common and well-defined framework and climate ambition. The dataset connects scientific and technological aspects to policy-making, risk anticipation and cross-sectoral integration to social equity, as co-ingredients of a robust and just climate neutrality strategy, across multiple dimensions and highly diverse urban contexts. Relying on data that are elicited through a homogenous procedure (i.e., survey), descriptive of a significant sample of respondents, and related to a well-defined climate action programme, enables us to develop a scientifically sturdy European index of climate justice awareness. The index and its analysis are instrumental not just to compare cities and determine a Europe-wide baseline, but also to identify predictors and to delineate the opportunity space for enhanced justice awareness.

Indeed, even among the most ambitious cities in climate mitigation and adaptation, there might be considerable heterogeneity in climate action, due to city-specific factors (Diana Reckien et al., 2015 ). As an example, when cities are prosperous (high GDP per capita) and populous, or when they have the financial capacity and the know-how to implement climate action, they may engage more in climate action (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2015 ; Diana Reckien et al., 2015 ). In contrast, when they are constrained in their powers and boundaries, due to, e.g., regulatory limitations, cities may not express their full potential in exerting climate efforts (van der Heijden et al., 2019 ). At the same time, city-specific factors might limit climate justice considerations. For instance, when cities are limited in an operational capacity, they might concentrate their efforts towards “profitable” climate initiatives for which quantifiable emissions reductions can be demonstrated and investors can be lured, at the expenses of more socially attentive initiatives whose benefits are less conventionally tangible (Castán Broto & Westman, 2020 ).

In this study, we investigate these potential mechanisms and empirically address how climate engagement, as measured by a combination of metrics of engagement, preparedness, and ambition in climate action, is related to climate justice awareness in policy-making across the procedural, distributive, recognition, and intergenerational pillars, and which city-specific factors (such as climate, population, GDP) may serve as predictors of climate justice considerations. To this aim, through principal component analysis (PCA), we create an index for climate action that reflects cities’ efforts in climate mitigation and adaptation strategies and initiatives, as well as their GHG emissions reduction targets. The index is then used as an explanatory variable for a second index aimed at quantifying the level of climate justice awareness that equally accounts for the consideration of the four justice pillars. Finally, by adopting a regression approach, we study the relationship between climate justice awareness and climate engagement, including a set of control variables to account for local specificities and influential factors that could contribute to the different manifestations of just climate action across European cities.

Theoretical framework

Cities are ideal contexts where both environmental and social justice goals can be achieved, due to the relatively short distance between municipalities and citizens, compared to other governance levels (Evans, 2011 ). Despite this potential, there is evidence that, so far, city climate plans have commonly failed in embedding social justice, resulting in an increased social divide and in disproportionate vulnerabilities to weather extremes, air pollution, and social marginalisation (Reckien et al., 2023 ; Wachsmuth et al., 2016 ). There is a general lack of accountability for the various adverse impacts that may be triggered by climate action, notably (i) beyond wealthy districts, (ii) at the periurban or rural fringes, and (iii) at the metropolitan/regional level (e.g., in functional urban areas). This suggests not only that the climate action at the city level needs to be attentive to more global processes to avoid a mere displacement of injustices and unsustainable practices (Angelo & Wachsmuth, 2015 , 2020 ), but also that cities should adopt a more holistic approach than that based only on technical perspectives (Chu & Cannon, 2021 ).

Against this backdrop, a body of academic work has emerged to criticise technocratic approaches, which often prioritise regulatory, financial, and engineered interventions, while neglecting the social, cultural, and economic inequities (Meerow & Newell, 2019 ; Shi et al., 2016 ). These critiques are particularly relevant within urban environments that are already marked by high levels of inequality, characterised by contentious issues like the marginalisation of the vulnerable (Chu & Cannon, 2021 ). In this regard, scholars have observed that public policies and plans have played a key role in reinforcing systemic injustices, both directly and indirectly (Brand and Miller, 2020 ). As an example, some cities that initiated measures to promote adaptation started safeguarding economically significant land from anticipated risks, implementing exclusionary zoning and land use policies to preserve property values, and prioritising the enhancement of infrastructure and public services in affluent neighbourhoods (Long & Rice, 2019 ). Consequently, scholars began to raise concerns about how these plans were contributing to displacement, perpetuating poverty, and, in certain instances, exacerbating vulnerability to climate effects in historically marginalised communities (Anguelovski et al., 2016 ).

A stream of research has thus emerged, to address these critiques by looking at operationalising justice frameworks to enable climate action policy choices to address both the climate change and the social justice goals (Sovacool et al., 2017 ). This stream of literature posits that when planners and regulators take into account justice dimensions from the very start of the decision-making process, then also the implementation of strategies and plans is more likely to be able to address both the climate change and the social justice goals (Juhola et al., 2022 ). Practically, this calls for a need to evaluate the degree of justice awareness in climate action planning.

Despite the conceptual advancement in climate justice, however, there continues to be limited empirical evidence on how justice dimensions are actually integrated into urban climate planning. The few exceptions, like the studies by Chu and Cannon ( 2021 ) and Juhola et al. ( 2022 ), assess the inclusion of justice dimensions in climate action plans of a limited sample of cities by deriving interpretative justice indicators. However, this methodology and the availability of limited city samples can make it hard to extract comparable results for large regions, like those that characterise Europe, and to derive quantitative relationships to inform decision-making.

This study enriches this stream of research aiming to uncover the operational value of climate justice by evaluating how justice concerns are taken on board in urban climate action planning. To this aim, we refer to the framework of climate justice, which is based on environmental justice (Schlosberg & Collins, 2014 ). Over time, the framework of environmental justice has undergone a gradual transformation, leading to the recognition that an inequitable distribution of environmental burdens and benefits is not inherently predetermined, but rather has underlying causes. Consequently, four dimensions crucial to achieving justice in the context of mitigating and adapting to climate change have been commonly identified and recognised as interconnected: recognitional, distributive, procedural, and intergenerational (Newell et al., 2021 ).

Recognitional justice manifests in understanding differences while guaranteeing equal rights for all (Newell et al., 2021 ). It translates into acknowledging the diverse needs of different societal groups in order to minimise social costs associated with climate action. This is because vulnerabilities to climate risks are situation-dependent (Fitzgibbons & Mitchell, 2019 ). Understanding the significance of underlying social structures is essential for identifying the factors that contribute to social injustices within societies, as these contribute to determine the way the most vulnerable will experience the impacts of climate change and climate action (Schlosberg, 2004 ). Therefore, including recognitional justice in climate action means not only to assess whether climate action recognises and addresses varying needs across different segments of society, but also whether it acknowledges the influence of societal structures on disadvantaged communities (Juhola et al., 2022 ).

Equity is often understood as coterminous with distributive justice. It refers to a state where resources, opportunities, and protection from climate hazards or risks are distributed in an equal and fair manner, regardless of the background or identity of individuals or groups (Chu & Cannon, 2021 ). Climate action itself might be associated with an unequal distribution costs and benefits, and this inequality might occur both locally and nationally (Colenbrander et al., 2018 ). As an example, developing a flood defence in one area may increase flood risk in downstream populations (Eriksen et al., 2021 ). This implies that addressing distributive justice in climate action translates not only in estimating the climate hazards and risks, but also how these are distributed across the different social groups (Fiack et al., 2021 ). Additionally, it translates in assessing which costs and benefits climate action will generate, and how these will be distributed across the social groups (Juhola et al., 2022 ).

Procedural justice refers to fair, accountable, and transparent processes that aim to engage all stakeholders in a non-discriminatory way (Sovacool & Dworkin, 2014 ). Notably, transparent, accountable, and inclusive decision-making processes and procedures become just when they incorporate a variety of voices, values, and perspectives (Mundaca et al., 2018 ). This implies that cities address procedural justice in climate action when they strive to make a variety of groups represented in as many different phases of planning process as possible, and take on board different ideas even when this implies substantial changes (Juhola et al., 2022 ).

Finally, climate change and climate action present a significant challenge to account for considerations of notions of intergenerational justice. If left unchecked, it would result in an unjust burden caused by climate change (or failed climate action) placed upon future generations by those in the present (Gonzalez-Ricoy & Rey, 2019 ). Intergenerational justice has renewed traction owing to the Fridays for Future movement, yet it dates back—at least—to the report Our Common Future (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987 ). This report conceived sustainable development as the ability of current generations to meet their needs without compromising that same ability of future generations (Newell et al., 2021 ). Therefore, urban climate action accounts for intergenerational justice concerns when future interests are explicitly represented and taken on board (Lawrence & Köhler, 2017 ).

Data and methods

Against this theoretical framework, this study focuses on a group of particularly ambitious cities in climate action; those that expressed interest in the Cities Mission. The Cities Mission aims to promote the transition to climate neutrality in 100+ cities by 2030. The definition of climate neutrality standing within the Cities Mission framework requires reaching (net) zero emissions across i) all highest emitting sectors (e.g., energy, transport, waste, industry, agriculture), ii) all emissions scopes (direct and indirect emissions within the city boundary and out-of-boundary emissions related to the disposal and treatment of waste/wastewater generated within the city boundary), and iii) seven greenhouse gases (CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 , and NF 3 ). In total, 112 cities were selected for this ambitious programme from the 362 that participated in the call for Expression of Interest (EOI) closed on 31 January 2022. The EOI took the form of an all-encompassing questionnaire of 374 questions designed to provide:

a systematic and complete assessment of the city’s starting point (preparedness) and demonstrated engagement in climate action (engagement);

an evaluation of the consistency, plausibility, and credibility of the commitment and capacity to reach climate neutrality by 2030 (ambition);

and a preliminary assessment of the familiarity with integrated approaches and holistic thinking in climate action through co-benefits analysis, barriers identification, and risk anticipation.

The EOI questionnaire and the data collection were entirely designed and managed by the European Commission. Cities were given a link to access the online questionnaire. The link could be shared by the city administration to anybody in the (best) position to answer the questions to ensure a compelling candidature.

The analysis is based on data from all the 362 cities that answered the EOI questionnaire and thus expressed the ambition to go emission-free in less than a decade (see Fig. 1 ). The sample includes cities from 35 countries encompassing all EU Member States with varied sizes, from large and medium cities (above 50,000 inhabitants, up to 15 million inhabitants) to smaller ones (down to around 10,000 inhabitants). The starting point in climate action is also significantly diverse across cities, with different baseline emissions, trends, and familiarity with dedicated policies and strategies (Ulpiani et al., 2023 ).

The colour code in the map is used to distinguish different groups by population density (population divided).

To enable the evaluation of climate justice awareness (CJA) and climate engagement (CE), we relied on a set of selected EOI questions (see Table 1 and for more details on the questions’ description in Table A.1 in the Supplementary Appendix), including both multiple and single choice questions.

The questions that were used to develop the climate justice awareness index were designed and selected based on the four main pillars of climate justice (Newell et al., 2021 ).

As procedural justice concerns the various processes and elements of climate decision-making that might involve the regulation of the distribution of goods (Walker & Day, 2012 ), it translates in providing access to relevant information, or legal procedures to enable to claim participation rights, recognising and acting upon unjust procedures, and striving to address biases on the side of project proponents and/or decision-makers (Mundaca et al., 2018 ). Therefore, the selected questions tried to capture whether the various key groups are usually engaged in climate planning and how.

Distributive justice concerns the inequalities in access to social goods and ills, like energy, water, pollution, or food (McCauley et al., 2013 ; Sovacool & Dworkin, 2015 ; Walker & Day, 2012 ). In particular, one of the key aspects of distributive justice is the identification of how goods and ills are distributed across the society (Newell et al., 2021 ). Hence, the selected questions capture whether cities estimate costs and benefits associated with climate action and climate change, and whether social redistribution is considered to mitigate costs.

Recognitional justice is closely linked to procedural and distributive justice, being concerned with the capacity to acknowledge the existence of different needs (energy, water, health, etc.) across the society (Walker & Day, 2012 ), notably the needs of the socially and politically marginalised, including the energy poor (Della Valle & Czako, 2022 ). Therefore, the selected questions tried to capture whether cities acknowledge the existence of different (structurally shaped) needs (energy, water, health, etc.) across the society.

Finally, as intergenerational justice concerns protecting future generations from harm, providing them with the same resources current generations are enjoying, and with means to express their voice in climate change discussions (Sanson & Burke, 2020 ), the selected questions tried to capture whether future generations’ interests are considered or represented by younger generations.

Following the selection of the questions developed to reflect each of the four pillars, as many indexes were created: (i) recognition (RJ) (ii) distributive (DJ) (iii) procedural (PJ), and (iv) intergenerational justice (IJ). Notably, the replies to the sets of questions (as shown in Table 1 ) were used individually to develop each of the RJ, DJ, PJ, and IJ indexes through the PCA. The answers are transformed, according to the following rules:

in case of multiple-choice questions, a value is assigned that is equal to the total number of selected answer options. However, if the interest is in a specific answer option, 1 or 0 are assigned when the option is or is not ticked by the city (i.e., dummy variable);

in case of single-choice questions, each answer option is weighted according to its value in terms of climate mitigation or justice awareness (i.e., it is transformed into a numeric categorical variable). However, when only one answer option is relevant to the formulation of the corresponding index, 1 or 0 are assigned when the option is or is not ticked by the city (i.e., dummy variable). Finally, when the answer is a number (e.g., the number of climate mitigation plans), no transformation is applied.

Table A.1 recalls the rules on a question-by-question basis and provides the original EOI questions.

The PCA was deemed as an appropriate method as it enables to (i) condense multiple variables that measure similar constructs into a smaller set of uncorrelated composite indexes, (ii) provide us with a concise set of indexes that allow for a more straightforward explanation of the relationships between the predictors (e.g., CE) and the outcome variable (i.e., CJA) while minimising information losses, and (iii) to handle multicollinearity, which can pose challenges in regression analysis (Shrestha, 2021 ). Therefore, the PCA fits well our study as we can derive indexes from multiple survey items and investigate the relationships between these indexes and other factors, while accounting for the potential challenges that might be encountered when condensing information (i.e., loss of information) and interpreting results (i.e., multicollinearity). This approach has also been used in previous similar studies that developed indexes related to engagement and awareness of energy issues (Martins et al., 2020 ).

Once derived the four justice indexes, we calculated the CJA index as a simple average of the four indexes, as we assumed that awareness of each of the four justice pillars has an equal weight in terms of contribution to the overall climate justice awareness. Therefore,

The sixth index—the climate engagement (CE) index—was developed via PCA to capture cities’ efforts in climate action. The selected questions to develop this index tried to capture the effort in sector-specific climate mitigation strategies and initiatives, as well as in their GHG emissions reduction targets.

After creating all the indexes, a simple ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was conducted to measure the explanatory power of the CE index and city-specific factors (population density, GDP per capita, favourable conditions, legal powers, barriers identified, and government support) on CJA (for more details on the city-specific factors, see Table A.2 in the Supplementary Appendix). As we are analysing survey data and aim to investigate quantitative relationships, the OLS regression model was deemed as the appropriate method, since it allows for the examination of the magnitude and direction of the relationships between the CJA (dependent variable) and the predictor variables (CE and city-specific factors). Additionally, by enabling quantitative estimates of these relationships, it allows for numerical comparisons and for policy recommendations (Wooldridge, 2015 ).

All analyses were performed using Stata 15.

As described in the methods, the four justice pillar indexes and the CE index were developed via PCA (see Table A.3 in the Supplementary Appendix for details on the PCA output, such as communalities, total variance explained, and component matrix). The quality of the produced indexes is inferred by applying two well-established tests (Shrestha, 2021 ): the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) Measure of Sampling Adequacy and the Bartlett’s test. The first test returns the proportion of variance in the variables that might be caused by underlying factors. When KMO values are higher than 0.5, the sample is deemed acceptable (Martins et al., 2020 ). The second test checks the hypothesis that the correlation matrix is an identity matrix, and indicates whether the variables are unrelated and not suitable for structure detection. When the output is less than 0.05, the available data is deemed suitable to apply the factor analysis.

The Bartlett’s test reveals that the indexes are adequate, as all output values are below 0.05. The KMO corroborates the result, with all values higher than 0.5 (see Table 2 ). These results confirm that the developed indexes are suitable for the analysis.

Overall, across the 362 cities, the RJ index ranges within (−1.59, 6.17) with mean −1.96 (s.d. 2.17); the PJ index ranges within (−5.98, 5.27) with mean 2.36 (s.d. 2.32); the DJ ranges within (−2.41–8.78) with mean −2.54 (s.d. 2.99); and the IJ index ranges within (−1.20, 2.82) with mean 2.38 (s.d. 1.23). The CJA index across the 362 cities ranges within (−2.79, 5.76) with mean −6.02 (s.d. 1.88). The distribution can be visualised in Fig. 2 . As shown in Fig. 2 , this index seems to vary significantly across countries, on average.

Mean CJA index by country and statistical distribution of CJA and all its compositional indexes.

To exclude issues of multicollinearity between the independent variables and the developed CJA index that we will use in the regression analysis, we assess the Pearson’ correlation.

Table 3 shows that the values are not high enough to be concerned with multicollinearity, as all independent variables have an absolute value of Pearson correlation coefficient that is less than 0.5 (Young, 2018 ). This result is further corroborated by a second test for multicollinearity using the variance inflation factor , developed post-regression.

Table 3 also suggests the existence of a significant and strong correlation between CJA and:

Log GDP per capita Footnote 1 (+),

financial government support (+),

reporting government support (+),

coordination government support (+),

technical government support (+),

tools and skills access government support (+),

dissemination government support (+),

capacity government support (+),

regulation government support (+),

financial advisory government support (+),

perceived favourable economy (+),

perceived favourable authorisation process (+),

perceived favourable financing (+),

perceived favourable communication (+),

number of fields with legal power (+),

and number of identified barriers (+).

CJA is also mildly correlated with population density (+). The regression analysis is used to confirm the strength of such relationships.

Figure 3 shows the positive relationship suggested by the Pearson’s correlation between climate engagement and climate awareness. It also shows that the average of the two indexes differs quite substantially across countries. Therefore, we first conduct the analysis using the whole dataset.

Some country names have been replaced with their official codes (Eurostat, 2023 ) for better visibility.

To ensure that we consider the relationships between cities within a country and take into account the shared characteristics among cities, we used cluster-robust standard errors. This method allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the correlation structure among cities within the same country and, thus, a more valid and robust approach than standard errors that assume independence among observations (in traditional statistical models that do not consider clustering, standard errors are assumed to be independent across all observations). However, in the context of cities within a country, this assumption may not hold true due to similarities arising from various factors such as geographical proximity, cultural influences, or policy interventions. Hence, we treat countries as clusters, recognising that cities within a country may have similar unobservable factors (Angrist & Pischke, 2008 ).

Second, to absorb any country effect and allow the estimates of the coefficients on city-level characteristics to differ across countries, we would ideally run a separate regression model for each country (Bryan & Jenkins, 2021 ). However, given that countries are unevenly represented in the pool of 362 Mission cities, we resort to the category-based approach in which regressions are computed separately on three country categories based on geographical attributes:

Eastern : Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, Kosovo, Croatia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, and Slovakia.

North-Western Footnote 2 : Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, France, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Ireland, and the UK.

Southern : Spain, Portugal, Malta, Italy, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, and Israel.

Table 4 and Fig. 4 show the general model considering the whole sample of cities and a category-based approach in which regressions are conducted based on countries’ categories. Results confirm a positive correlation between climate engagement and climate justice awareness.

Coefficients estimates and confidence intervals from regression models analysing i) all cities (blue) ii) North-Western cities (red), iii) Southern cities (green), and iv) Eastern cities (yellow).

Across all models, we find that high climate engagement seems to have a positive influence on the potential that climate decisions are made in a justice-aware way, as the two indexes result correlated regardless of the country group.

When looking at the general model, we also find that the justice-awareness potential is positively influenced by the availability of governmental support in capacity building and in financial advisory services, and by the breadth of the fields over which the city has legal power to act/make policy decisions. Conversely, it is negatively influenced by the perception that the city geo-climatic conditions are favourable (e.g., proximity to water bodies, moderate occurrence of climate extremes).

In North-western cities, justice awareness is positively influenced by the availability of government support in coordination and by the density of population, whereas in Southern cities, by the extent of the city legal powers and by the availability of governmental support in financial advisory services, resource mobilisation and reporting. In Eastern cities, higher justice awareness comes with the availability of governmental support in capacity building and in financial support, and project development/implementation. Conversely, it is negatively influenced by the perception of a favourable climate and financial situation.

Overall, all models seem to be satisfactory in explaining variability, as all R 2 are above 0.5, and in avoiding multicollinearity, as the mean VIF is always between 1 and 5, indicating moderate correlation between the other explanatory variables in the model, but not severe enough to require attention.

Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the associations between CJA and potential drivers and barriers affecting just climate action development in a large sample of European cities. At this stage, the focus was on identifying general influences. Out of the 18 factors tested, 17 were found to be significantly related to both climate engagement and city-specific factors.

CE exhibits a strong positive correlation ( p  < 0.01). This result suggests that the more cities exert efforts in addressing climate change goals, the more they are likely to take climate justice concerns on board when designing and implementing climate efforts. The following city-specific institutional and socio-economic factors were identified as the most influential drivers of justice-awareness potential, exhibiting strong positive correlations ( p  < 0.01):

GDP per capita and degree of city legal powers;

government (i) financial support, (ii) reporting support, (iii) coordination support, (iv) technical assistance, (v) skill support, (vi) dissemination assistance, (vii) capacity building assistance, (viii) policy regulation assistance, (ix) financial advisory services;

perceptions of a favourable (i) economy, (ii) financial situation, (iii) communication, and

identified barriers to climate action.

These results suggest that wealthier cities could more likely attain social justice goals when planning and implementing climate action. Cities that consider their economic, financing, and communication strategies as favourable city-specific features are also more likely to be climate justice aware. Results also suggest that cities that receive cross-sectoral support from higher governance levels are more likely to take into account justice dimensions. Two key drivers of CJA are also the breadth of cities legal power and the ability to identify more barriers to climate action. Population size exhibits only a mild positive correlation ( p  < 0.10). This suggests that being a populous city might not necessarily lead to more justice considerations when developing climate action. Finally, perceiving climate as a favourable city-specific feature does not seem to be a motivating factor for cities to take into account justice dimensions in climate efforts.

The above correlation results are only partially confirmed by the regression analysis conducted on the whole sample of cities. Using all factors analysed in the correlation matrix yields a model of moderate good fit. In particular, the R 2 of 0.529 indicates that the model explains a substantial portion of the variability in the CJA index. For CJA, CE and receiving government financial support are important factors with a strongly significant ( p  < 0.01) contribution to the model. Notably, the coefficient of 0.420 suggests a positive and statistically significant relationship between CE and CJA, wherein a one-unit increase in CE is associated with an estimated increase of 0.420 units in CJA, assuming all other variables in the model are held constant. This implies that cities that are more engaged in climate action tend to show higher levels of CJA. The coefficient of 0.405 suggests a positive and statistically significant relationship between CJA and government financial support, wherein a one-unit increase in government financial support is associated with an estimated increase of 0.405 units in CJA, ceteris paribus. This implies that cities that receive more financial support from higher governance levels tend to show higher levels of CJA. The breadth of legal power and perceiving climate as a city-specific favourable condition are also important influencing factors of CJA, but with a lesser significance extent ( p  < 0.05). The coefficient of 0.0541 suggests a positive and statistically significant relationship between number of fields with legal power and CJA, wherein a one-unit increase in the number of fields with legal power is associated with an estimated increase of 0.0541 units in CJA, ceteris paribus. This implies that cities that have the power to take decisions on a breadth of climate-related fields tend to show higher levels of CJA. The coefficient of −0.164 suggests a negative and statistically significant relationship between favourable climate perceptions and CJA, wherein a one-unit increase in favourable climate perceptions is associated with an estimated decrease of 0.164 units in CJA, ceteris paribus. This implies that cities that do not perceive the urgency to act on their local climate tend to show lower levels of CJA. Finally, receiving financial advisory services from the government only mildly explains CJA. The coefficient of 0.297 suggests a positive and statistically significant ( p  < 0.10) relationship between financial advisory services and CJA, wherein a one-unit increase in available financial advisory services is associated with an estimated increase of 0.297 units in CJA, assuming all other variables in the model are held constant. This implies that cities that are equipped with more government financial advisory services tend to show higher levels of CJA.

Overall, results from the general regression model suggest that CE has a positive impact on cities' climate justice awareness, irrespective of their geographical classification. They also suggest that the availability of governmental support in capacity building and financial advisory services, and the extent of the city legal powers across different fields of action are positively related to justice awareness. This suggests that when cities have the means and freedom to decide how to plan and implement climate efforts, they can also pursue objectives that are not immediately related to emission reduction, but embrace a broader dimension sensitive to social justice. At the same time, results suggest that the perception of favourable geo-climatic conditions is negatively related to climate justice awareness. This insight further echoes the positive relationship between CE and CJA, as a favourable climate might reduce the perceived urgency of climate action and the consideration of the social issues associated with it.

The results from the regression analyses run on specific geographic groups highlight that when country effects are taken into account, the relationships with CJA estimated with the general model are not always confirmed. Additionally, they unveil relationships with new dimensions. This suggests that aggregating data can make certain relationships only apparently strong (Wooldridge, 2015 ), and that the fact that cities within the same geographic region might share similar governance structures, historical legacies, and economic, cultural, and political characteristics (Breil et al., 2018 ) needs to be accounted in the analysis.

For all geographical groups, the regression model yields a moderate good fit since the R 2 (0.524 for North-Western cities, 0.537 for Southern cities, and 0.609 for Eastern cities) indicates that the model explains a substantial portion of the variability in the CJA index. As observed in the general model, we find that for CJA, CE is a key factor with a strongly significant ( p  < 0.01) contribution to the model, with the following territorial nuances. The coefficients (0.526, 0.350, and 0.413 for the three groups respectively) suggest a positive and statistically significant relationship between CE and CJA, wherein a one-unit increase in CE is associated with an estimated increase of 0.526, 0.350, and 0.413 units in CJA (and thus 0.106 more or 0.07 and 0.007 units less than estimated in the general model, respectively).

When it comes to North-Western cities in particular, differently from the general model we find that population density and receiving coordination support from the government moderately ( p  < 0.05) explain CJA. Notably, the coefficient of 0.0000880 suggests a positive and statistically significant relationship between population density and CJA, wherein a one-unit increase in population density is associated with an estimated increase of 0.0000880 units in CJA. This implies that densely populated North-Western cities tend to show higher levels of CJA. Further, the coefficient of 0.662 suggests a positive and statistically significant relationship between receiving coordination support from the government and CJA, wherein a one-unit increase in government coordination support is associated with an estimated increase of 0.662 units in CJA. This entails that North-Western cities that receive higher coordination support from the government tend to show higher levels of CJA. Overall, the regression analysis for North-western cities reveals that CJA is positively influenced by the availability of governmental support in coordination and by population density. This suggests that the provision of support in coordination can be a key way to address the potential high structural complexity (level of alignment and interaction across different governance and low population density) undermining the attention North-western cities can devote to social objectives when planning and implementing climate action. This finding aligns with existing evidence on the higher emissions mitigation ambition demonstrated by Northern and Western Europe cities (Reckien et al., 2018 ; Reckien et al., 2015 ; Salvia et al., 2021 ) and with the significant correlation between such ambition and national incentives, characteristics, and climate policies (Hsu et al., 2020 ; Salvia et al., 2021 ).

Similar to the general model, among Southern cities, receiving financial advisory services from the government and the breadth of legal power explain CJA, and these relationships are stronger ( p  < 0.01) than for the general model. The coefficient of 0.642 suggests that a one-unit increase in available financial advisory services is associated with an estimated increase of 0.642 units in CJA, ceteris paribus. This implies that Southern cities that are equipped with more government financial advisory services tend to show higher levels of CJA. The coefficient of 0.112 suggests that a one-unit increase in the number of fields with legal power is associated with an estimated increase of 0.112 units in CJA, ceteris paribus. This implies that the more Southern cities have the power to decide where to exert their climate effort, the more they tend to show higher levels of CJA. Finally, differently from the general model, we find that receiving government support on reporting moderately ( p  < 0.10) explains CJA. Notably, the coefficient of 0.521 suggests a positive and statistically significant relationship between government support on reporting and CJA, wherein a one-unit increase in government support on reporting is associated with an estimated increase of 0.521 units in CJA. This entails that Southern cities that are equipped with tools that ease coordination tend to show higher levels of CJA. Overall, for Southern cities, results highlight that CJA is positively influenced by the breadth of the city legal powers and by the availability of governmental support in financial advice and resource mobilisation, and mildly in reporting. This suggests that providing more legitimacy and advice on how to get resources for climate action by higher-level governments can be a key way to make Southern cities more considerate of social objectives in their climate efforts.

Finally, for Eastern cities and in agreement with the general model, we find that perceiving own climate as a favourable local feature explains CJA, and this relationship is stronger ( p  < 0.05) than for the general model. The coefficient of −0.183 suggests that a one-unit increase in perceptions of a favourable climate is associated with an estimated decrease of 0.183 units in CJA, ceteris paribus. This implies that Eastern cities that perceive a lesser urgency to act on their local climate tend to show lower levels of CJA. Further, differently from the general model, we find that receiving government financial support strongly ( p  < 0.01) explains CJA, and perceiving financial conditions as favourable local features moderately ( p  < 0.10) does so. The coefficient of 0.637 suggests that a one-unit increase in government financial support is associated with an estimated increase of 0.637 units in CJA, ceteris paribus. This entails that Eastern cities that receive financial support are more prone to consider justice dimensions. The coefficient of −0.340 suggests that a one-unit increase in perceptions of favourable financial conditions is associated with an estimated decrease of 0.340 units in CJA, ceteris paribus. This complements the previous result, suggesting that cities that are eligible for financial support are more prone to consider justice dimensions. Overall, the regression analysis on Eastern cities reveals that climate justice awareness is positively influenced by the availability of governmental support in capacity building, financial support, and project development/implementation, while it is negatively influenced by the perception of a favourable climate and mildly, financial situation. This suggests that equipping Eastern cities with additional means and resources can be a key way to ease the consideration of justice dimensions. Conversely, the result that cities get socially detached when feeling secure (in terms of climate and financial risks) points to a need to address security misperceptions and empowerment. Indeed, there is evidence that Southern and Eastern cities—particularly those ranking low in terms of capacity/GDP—tend to be less ambitious in climate mitigation and to rely on exogenous systems (international climate networks, national government) to steer their climate action (Salvia et al., 2021 ). This may entail that for these cities, external forces define their capacity to co-tackle climate justice.

With respect to policy implications, in Northern cities, where economic development and low population density might increase the complexity of decision-making, support in coordination might ease the consideration of social objectives in climate action. Being more advanced in their adaptation policies, and having a longer tradition of citizen engagement (Breil et al., 2018 ), most North-western cities are focused on abating the hardest emissions (i.e., the last percentage points), hence a high degree of coordination needs to be in place to remove residual barriers (e.g., complex jurisdictions, unfavourable regulations). Southern cities, which are at higher risks from negative social and environmental consequences of climate change (Mavromatidi et al., 2018 ), reveal a good potential to implement a social just climate action, but this needs to be unlocked through empowerment measures. In Eastern cities, where paths defined by institutional and historical legacies might still dictate an infrastructural and economic divide (Ürge-Vorsatz et al., 2018 ), more immediate objectives might take over the consideration of social objectives, unless cities receive dedicated external support.

Conclusions

Cities can be key agents of change in addressing global climate change, being “natural” sites for innovative and experimental climate action in a progressive direction. Cities themselves acknowledged this role in Europe, as testified by the European Mission on 100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities, where 100+ cities committed to pursue climate neutrality by 2030. However, even among the most ambitious cities in climate mitigation, there might be considerable heterogeneity in the scope of climate action. In particular, cities can be loci of injustices, if they are not able to recognise how planned climate efforts might generate or exacerbate forms of injustice in their specific contexts. That is why, cities need to be justice-aware when developing climate action.

Climate justice has increasingly gained momentum in the academic and policy debates on climate change; however, many have also debated its operational value. The few investigations on the topic are based on a limited number of cities and interpretative indicators. The main contribution of this study lies in empirically uncovering the operational value of climate justice in urban climate action, by evaluating climate justice concerns in urban climate decision-making processes and by identifying key areas that could lead to better consideration of justice dimensions across European cities. We demonstrate, via econometric analysis, a way to homogenously evaluate the degree of justice awareness in climate action planning, and to use this measure as a lever to guide and course-correct city-level climate policy to simultaneously pursue the climate change and social justice goals.

Drawing from the climate justice framework and a unique dataset comprising responses homogenously elicited through a survey, we created an indicator for climate justice awareness and assessed how this can be predicted by climate engagement and a set of city-specific factors. In particular, we used the data from 362 cities who expressed interest in the Cities Mission, and used a PCA approach to develop a climate justice awareness index inclusive of the procedural, distributive, recognition, and intergenerational justice pillars.

Correlation and regression results reveal that, regardless of the geographical categorisation, cities’ climate justice awareness is positively influenced by climate engagement. This empirical evidence, new to the current literature, provides some implications for practice, as it shows that cities that are more engaged in addressing climate change goals tend to design and implement their efforts by co-targeting social justice goals. Moreover, our results offer additional novel insights into how some city-specific factors might act as drivers and barriers to justice-considerate climate action.

Overall and for the first time to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study sheds light on the positive relationship that exists between engagement in climate action at the city level and awareness of its social justice aspects, evaluated across its recognitional, distributive, procedural, and intergenerational dimensions. Embedding justice considerations into climate action planning implies additional challenges and a higher degree of integration and holism in urban planning and policy-making. This is mirrored in the predictors for higher justice awareness levels and is nuanced according to specific national characteristics. The insights gathered through this analysis constitute a solid baseline to improve our understanding of the drivers and barriers to a just climate transition. They can legitimate and inform ongoing climate mitigation frameworks at an international and European scale, such as the UN-backed Race to Zero campaign, that rally non-State actors to take rigorous and immediate action to reduce global emissions and deliver a healthier, fairer zero-carbon world in time. As engagement in climate efforts tends to co-stimulate social justice goals, ongoing and future climate agendas could capitalise on the results here presented to maximise the synergistic effect and to leverage the territorial, economic, and socio-political predictors.

However, it is important to note that correlation and regression analysis alone cannot establish causal relationships. Therefore, an avenue for future research is to undertake comprehensive analyses to delve deeper into the associations uncovered in this study. Future research could also involve exploring how each of the four climate justice pillars are understood by urban decision-makers and citizens by engaging in interviews with them. Such efforts would contribute to the development of comprehensive climate justice awareness indices that incorporate better the characteristics of cities. Finally, we analysed a particular subgroup of ambitious cities in climate action, at the stage of formulating a vision to climate neutrality in the short haul. Future studies should investigate the planned and implemented efforts of the 100+ selected cities, by assessing how climate justice is factually integrated in their actions. Furthermore, as the Cities Mission proceeds in its implementation phase, new knowledge and experience will be generated on how to deliver just transformations within and beyond the city boundary. A fully fledged just transition builds on values of territorial cohesion and multi-level governance to legitimise the target and multiply the benefits. Hence, best practices in multi-scale action and in tackling Scope 3/consumption-based emissions will be collected and guidelines will be disseminated through the Mission in the attempt to eradicate “low-carbon illusions” and establish a paradigm of full climate responsibility. As cities acknowledged in the EOI that non-compliance with the principle of equal opportunities on all levels throughout the transition will undermine its achievement, it is expected that the Mission will catalyse the conceptualisation, testing, and spread of new transition models to expand the frontiers of climate justice across local-to-global networks of production, consumption, and distribution.

Data availability

The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to confidentiality agreements.

We take the log of GDP per capita to reduce the right skewness of GDP per capita (values of GDP per capita are skewed around left tail). Another reason is that GDP per capita is better considered on a multiplicative rather than additive scale (€1000 is worth a lot more to a vulnerable than a rich because €1000 is a much greater fraction of the poor person’s wealth)

Northern and Western cities have been pooled together as Northern cities were only 33; therefore, this number was not sufficient to conduct a separate regression model.

Angelo H, Wachsmuth D (2015) Urbanizing urban political ecology: a critique of methodological cityism. Int J Urban Region Res 39(1):16–27

Article   Google Scholar  

Angelo H, Wachsmuth D (2020) Why does everyone think cities can save the planet? Urban Stud 57(11):2201–2221

Angrist JD, Pischke JS (2008) Mostly harmless econometrics: an empiricist’s companion. In: Mostly harmless econometrics: an empiricist’s companion. Princeton University Press

Anguelovski I, Shi L, Chu E, Gallagher D, Goh K, Lamb Z, Reeve K, Teicher H (2016) Equity impacts of urban land use planning for climate adaptation: critical perspectives from the global North and South. J Plann Educ Res 36(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X16645166

Bellucci F, Bogner JE, Sturchio NC (2012) Greenhouse gas emissions at the urban scale. Elements, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.8.6.445

Bouzarovski S, Haarstad H (2019) Rescaling low-carbon transformations: towards a relational ontology. Trans Inst Br Geogr 44(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12275

Brand AL, Charles M (2020) Tomorrow I’ll be at the table: Black geographies and urban planning: Areview of the literature. J Plan Lit 35(4):460–474

Breil M, Downing C, Kazmierczak A, Mäkinen K, Romanovska L, Terämä E, Swart RJ (2018) Social vulnerability to climate change in European cities–state of play in policy and Practice (ETC/CCA Technical Paper; No. 2018/1), EEA–European Environment Agency

Brisley R, Welstead J, Hindle R, Paavola J (2012) Socially just adaptation to climate change. Joseph Roundtree Foundation, York, UK

Bryan ML, Jenkins SP (2021) Regression analysis of country effects using multilevel data: a cautionary tale. SSRN Electron J. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2322088

Bulkeley H (2010) Cities and the governing of climate change. Ann Rev Environ Resour 35. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-072809-101747

Castán Broto V, Westman LK (2020). Ten years after Copenhagen: reimagining climate change governance in urban areas. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Change. 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.643

Chu EK, Cannon CE (2021) Equity, inclusion, and justice as criteria for decision-making on climate adaptation in cities. Curr Opin Environ Sustain. 51 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.02.009

Colenbrander S, Dodman D, Mitlin D (2018) Using climate finance to advance climate justice: the politics and practice of channelling resources to the local level. Clim Policy, 18(7). https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2017.1388212

Della Valle N, Czako V (2022) Empowering energy citizenship among the energy poor. Energy Res Soc Sci 89(C):102654

Google Scholar  

Eriksen S, Schipper ELF, Scoville-Simonds M, Vincent K, Adam HN, Brooks N, Harding B, Khatri D, Lenaerts L, Liverman D, Mills-Novoa M, Mosberg M, Movik S, Muok B, Nightingale A, Ojha H, Sygna L, Taylor M, Vogel C, West JJ (2021) Adaptation interventions and their effect on vulnerability in developing countries: help, hindrance or irrelevance? World Dev 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105383

Eurostat (2023) Statistics explained—glossary: country codes. Eurostat

Evans J, Karvonen A, Raven R (2016) The experimental city. Routledge

Evans JP (2011) Resilience, ecology and adaptation in the experimental city. Trans Inst Br Geogr 36(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2010.00420.x

Fiack D, Cumberbatch J, Sutherland M, Zerphey N (2021) Sustainable adaptation: Social equity and local climate adaptation planning in U.S cities. Cities 115:103235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103235

Fitzgibbons J, Mitchell C (2019). Just urban futures? Exploring equity in “100 resilient cities.” World Dev 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.06.021

Gonzalez-Ricoy I, Rey F (2019) Enfranchising the future: climate justice and the representation of future generations. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Change. 10(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.598

Hoornweg D, Sugar L, Gómez CLT (2011) Cities and greenhouse gas emissions: moving forward. Environ Urban 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247810392270

Hsu A, Tan J, Ng YM, Toh W, Vanda R, Goyal N (2020) Performance determinants show European cities are delivering on climate mitigation. Nat Clim Change 10(11):1015–1022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0879-9

Article   ADS   Google Scholar  

Hughes S, Hoffmann M (2020) Just urban transitions: toward a research agenda. In: Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Change 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.640

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2015) Human settlements, infrastructure, and spatial planning. In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Cambridge University Press

Juhola S, Heikkinen M, Pietilä T, Groundstroem F, Käyhkö J (2022) Connecting climate justice and adaptation planning: an adaptation justice index. Environ Sci Policy, 136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.07.024

Krause D (2021) Transformative approaches to address climate change and achieve climate justice. In: Routledge handbook of climate justice. Routledge

Lawrence P, Köhler L (2017) Representation of future generations through international climate litigation: a normative framework. German Yearbook of International Law, 60. https://doi.org/10.3790/gyil.60.1.639

Long J, Rice JL (2019) From sustainable urbanism to climate urbanism. Urban Stud 56(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018770846

Martins A, Madaleno M, Dias MF (2020). Energy literacy assessment among Portuguese university members: Knowledge, attitude, and behavior. Energy Rep 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.11.117

Mavromatidi A, Briche E, Claeys C (2018). Mapping and analyzing socio-environmental vulnerability to coastal hazards induced by climate change: an application to coastal Mediterranean cities in France. Cities, 72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.08.007

McCauley DA, Heffron RJ, Stephan H, Jenkins K (2013) Advancing energy justice: the triumvirate of tenets. Int Energy Law Rev 32(3):107–110

Meerow S, Newell JP (2019) Urban resilience for whom, what, when, where, and why? Urban Geogr 40(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2016.1206395

Mundaca L, Busch H, Schwer S (2018) ‘Successful’ low-carbon energy transitions at the community level? An energy justice perspective. Appl Energy 218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.146

Nevens F, Roorda C (2014). A climate of change: a transition approach for climate neutrality in the city of Ghent (Belgium). Sustain Cities Soc 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2013.06.001

Newell P, Srivastava S, Naess LO, Torres Contreras GA, Price R (2021) Toward transformative climate justice: an emerging research agenda. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Change 12(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.733

Phillips J, Bouzarovski S, Boamah F, Fuller S, Furlong K, Knuth S, Mould I, Thomson H, Zheng W (2022) Just transitions in cities and regions: a global agenda. British Academy Working Paper

Reckien D, Salvia M, Heidrich O, Church JM, Pietrapertosa F, De Gregorio-Hurtado S, D’Alonzo V, Foley A, Simoes SG, Krkoška Lorencová E, Orru H, Orru K, Wejs A, Flacke J, Olazabal M, Geneletti D, Feliu E, Vasilie S, Nador C, Dawson R (2018) How are cities planning to respond to climate change? Assessment of local climate plans from 885 cities in the EU-28. J Clean Prod 191:207–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.220

Reckien Diana, Buzasi A, Olazabal M, Spyridaki N-A, Eckersley P, Simoes SG, Salvia M, Pietrapertosa F, Fokaides P, Goonesekera SM, Tardieu L, Balzan MV, de Boer CL, De Gregorio Hurtado S, Feliu E, Flamos A, Foley A, Geneletti D, Grafakos S, Wejs A (2023) Quality of urban climate adaptation plans over time. Npj Urban Sustain 3(1):13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-023-00085-1

Reckien D, Flacke J, Olazabal M, Heidrich O (2015) The influence of drivers and barriers on urban adaptation and mitigation plans-an empirical analysis of European Cities. PLoS ONE 10(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135597

Roberts JT, Parks BC (2015) A climate of injustice: global inequality, north-south politics, and climate policy. In: Global environmental accord (vol. 1). The MIT Press

Salvia M, Reckien D, Pietrapertosa F, Eckersley P, Spyridaki NA, Krook-Riekkola A, Olazabal M, De Gregorio Hurtado S, Simoes SG, Geneletti D, Viguié V, Fokaides PA, Ioannou BI, Flamos A, Csete MS, Buzasi A, Orru H, de Boer C, Foley A, … Heidrich O (2021). Will climate mitigation ambitions lead to carbon neutrality? An analysis of the local-level plans of 327 cities in the EU. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110253

Sanson AV, Burke SEL (2020). Climate change and children: an issue of intergenerational justice. In: Children and peace. Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22176-8_21

Schlosberg D (2004) Reconceiving environmental justice: global movements and political theories. Environ Polit 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/0964401042000229025

Schlosberg D, Collins LB (2014). From environmental to climate justice: climate change and the discourse of environmental justice. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Change 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.275

Shi L, Chu E, Anguelovski I, Aylett A, Debats J, Goh K, Schenk T, Seto KC, Dodman D, Roberts D, Roberts JT, Van Deveer SD (2016) Roadmap towards justice in urban climate adaptation research. Nat Clim Change 6(2). https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2841

Shrestha N (2021) Factor analysis as a tool for survey analysis. Am J Appl Math Stat 9(1). https://doi.org/10.12691/ajams-9-1-2

Sovacool BK, Burke M, Baker L, Kotikalapudi CK, Wlokas H (2017) New frontiers and conceptual frameworks for energy justice. Energy Policy 105:677–691

Sovacool BK, Dworkin MH (2014) Global energy justice: problems, principles, and practices. Cambridge University Press

Sovacool BK, Dworkin MH (2015) Energy justice: {Conceptual} insights and practical applications. Appl Energy 142:435–444

Ulpiani G, Vetters N, Melica G, Bertoldi P (2023). Towards the first cohort of climate-neutral cities: expected impact, current gaps, and next steps to take to establish evidence-based zero-emission urban futures. Sustain Cities Soc 95(104572). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104572

United Nations (2019) World urbanization prospects - population division. In United Nations

Ürge-Vorsatz D, Rosenzweig C, Dawson RJ, Sanchez Rodriguez R, Bai X, Barau AS, Seto KC, Dhakal S (2018) Locking in positive climate responses in cities. Nat Clim Change 8(3):174–177

van der Heijden J, Patterson J, Juhola S, Wolfram M (2019). Special section: advancing the role of cities in climate governance–promise, limits, politics. J Environ Plann Manage 62(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2018.1513832

Wachsmuth D, Cohen DA, Angelo H (2016) Expand the frontiers of urban sustainability. Nature 536(7617):391–393. https://doi.org/10.1038/536391a

Article   ADS   CAS   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Walker G, Day R (2012) Fuel poverty as injustice: Integrating distribution, recognition and procedure in the struggle for affordable warmth. Energy Policy, 49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.01.044

Wooldridge JM (2015) Introductory econometrics: {A} modern approach. Nelson Education

World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) Our common future: report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK

Young DS (2018) Handbook of regression methods. In: Handbook of regression methods. Routledge and CRC Press

Download references

Acknowledgements

The views expressed here are purely those of the authors and may not, under any circumstances, be regarded as an official position of the European Commission. The authors warmly than Pietro Florio (Joint Research Centre, European Commission) for extracting georeferenced GDP data used to characterise the cities.

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy

Nives Della Valle & Giulia Ulpiani

European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium

Nadja Vetters

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Contributions

NDV: conceptualisation, formal analysis, visualisation, writing—original draft preparation, writing—review editing. GU: conceptualization, data collection, visualisation, writing—review editing. NV: writing—review editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nives Della Valle .

Ethics declarations

Competing interests.

The authors declare no competing interests.

Local and regional research relevant to the field of study has been taken into account in the references.

Ethics approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

Additional information.

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Rights and permissions.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article.

Della Valle, N., Ulpiani, G. & Vetters, N. Assessing climate justice awareness among climate neutral-to-be cities. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 10 , 440 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01953-y

Download citation

Received : 10 March 2023

Accepted : 18 July 2023

Published : 26 July 2023

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01953-y

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Quick links

• Explore articles by subject
• Guide to authors
• Editorial policies

• Homework Help
• Essay Examples
• Citation Generator
• Writing Guides
• Essay Title Generator
• Essay Topic Generator
• Essay Outline Generator
• Flashcard Generator
• Plagiarism Checker
• Paraphrasing Tool
• Conclusion Generator
• Thesis Statement Generator
• Introduction Generator
• Literature Review Generator
• Hypothesis Generator
• Social Issues
• Social Injustice Essays

Social Injustice Essays (Examples)

1000+ documents containing “social injustice” .

Filter by Keywords:(add comma between each)

Social injustice essay.

Outline Template: Essay on Social Injustice I. Introduction A. Alarming fact or statistic related to social injustices B. Begin listing some of the main issues you will discuss in the paper about social injustice C. Thesis statement about the causes or effects of social injustice. II. Body paragraph: Causes of social injustice III. Body paragraph: Effects of social injustice IV. Body paragraph: How to respond to social injustice and take action V. Conclusion A. Restating your thesis statement B. Reiterating the main points issued in the essay C. Finishing remarks or call to action Example Outline: Essay on Social Injustice I. People in positions of power of privilege frequently fail to recognize various forms of social injustice. A. Social injustice most frequently manifests as overt or covert discrimination. B. Gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and class are the most common types of social injustices, and often these issues intersect. C. To uproot social injustice, it is important to raise awareness and show how, as Martin Luther….

How a Diagnosis of ADHD Leads to Social Injustice

Social Injustice We can define social injustice as occurring when people who are perceived to fit into one or more marginalized groups are treated differently than others not belonging to those groups (Timimi, 2005). The objective of social injustice is to maintain the status quo through any means possible. or move backwards, to a less equitable society through censorship, misinformation and media propaganda. For these marginalized individuals, there is no questioning those in power and the actions of the dominant group are believed to be right by default. Marginalized groups experience a label of inferiority and are expected to comply. Perhaps no group of children is more marginalized than those who are diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Timimi, 2005). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention Deficit Activity Disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder as there are three subtypes of the disorder that can present quite differently (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). Moreover,….

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2011). ADHD: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 128, 1007 -1022.

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Fifth Edition. Washington, DC: Author.

Breggin, P. (2007). Talking back to Ritalin: What doctors aren't telling you about stimulants and ADHD. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.

DuPaul, G. J., & Eckert, T. (1998). Academic interventions for students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review of the literature. Reading and Writing Quarterly, 14(1), 59-82.

White Privilege Social Injustice Encompasses All Evils

White Privilege Social injustice encompasses all evils, which may include discrimination, gender bias, racial profiling, and many others. Social injustice, which comes in many forms, is a global problem (Stewart et al., 2012). Based on discrimination; this involves the favoritism of a given group over another. acial profiling is self-explanatory, and it involves separating people owing to their skin color. This is prevalent in the developed countries, and this helps in developing the theme of this paper. Social injustice, is an entity of the ancient, but unfortunately, some of the actions in the 21st century, still have strains of the past (Gains, 1986). It is in racial profiling where one can find a group of people having substantial privileges when compared to a minority group (Branscombe, Schmitt, & Schiffhauer, 2007). acial profiling has resulted to cases of unequal privileges among the whites and blacks. In all cases, the whites receive more privileges….

Ancis, R.J., & Szymanski, M.D. (2001). Awareness of White Privilege among White

Counseling Trainees. The counseling psychologist, 29(4), 548-569.

Branscombe, R.N., Schmitt, T.M., & Schiffhaeur, K. (2007). Racial attitudes in response to thoughts of white privilege. European journal of social psychology, 37, 203-215.

Case, A.K. (2007). Raising White Privilege Awareness and Reducing Racial Prejudice:

Review of Prophets Perception of the Issue of Idolatry Social Injustice and Religious Ritualism

Prophets: Idolatry, Social Injustice and eligious itualism At a glance, one can easily decide not to read the prophetic books, after all they are not as interesting to read as other smooth-flowing books in the Bible such as Jonah, uth or Esther. These prophetic books are judgment and angst- filled books. Honestly at times, they can be absolutely depressing. Many different issues are spoken about in these books. Themes such as social injustices, religious ritualism and idolatry emerge throughout many books. While most of us assume that these are issues of a different age, they are still common in the modern day world. This paper reviews the way prophets spoke and tackled these three issues (Erin n.d.). Idolatry As Israelites started disobeying the laws of God, they commenced forming their own beliefs and religions. Many of the cultures existent in the biblical times had material things that were being worshipped as gods. Cultures….

Erin. (n.d.). Loving God & Loving Others. Retrieved October 3, 2015, from  http://betterthandoinglaundry.blogspot.com.ng/2013/04/loving-god-loving-others.html 

Heartofthewolph. Prophetic Wisdom Concerning Religious Ritualism, Idolatry, and Social Injustice. August 18, 2014.  https://heartofthewolph.wordpress.com/2014/08/18/prophetic-wisdom-concerning-religious-ritualism-idolatry-and-social-injustice  / (accessed October 3, 2015).

Morales, H. (2013, March 8). Idolatry, Social Injustice, Religious Ritualism. Retrieved October 3, 2015, from https://henrymoralesjr.wordpress.com/2013/03/08/idolatry-social-injustice-religious-ritualism/

The Prophet Amos Speaks out Against Social Injustice And Religious Insincerity. (n.d.). Retrieved October 3, 2015, from Old Testament gateway: www.otgateway.com/articles/f-05.pdf

The Prevalence of Social Injustice in Today America

Royal Battle: The Prevalence of Social Injustice in Today America One of the most controversial contemporary American literary works that raised eyebrows in the 1950s was Ralph Ellison’s essay, Battle Royal. A short story told in the first person, with the main character, the narrator being a young high school graduate whose grandfather’s deathbed last words hunted for the better part of his life. The dying grandfather had called his son, the narrator’s father to his bedside and gave his last speech; thus, "Son, after I'm gone I want you to keep up the good fight. I never told you, but our life is a war and I have been a traitor all my born days, a spy in the enemy's country ever since I give up my gun back in the Reconstruction. Live with your head in the lion's mouth. I want you to overcome 'em with yeses, undermine 'em….

Lunatics and Social Injustice Central Passage So

Lunatics and Social Injustice Central passage: "So it's the most powerful substance in the world," Solly said. "But why us? hy are we here?" "You don't know?" Jakob said. "They blanked us, remember? All that's gone." But because of Jakob, they knew what was up there: the domed palaces on the lunar surface, the fantastic luxuries of Earth… when he spoke of it, in fact, a lot of Earth came back to them, and they babbled and chattered at the unexpected upwellings. Memories that deep couldn't be blanked without killing, Jakob said. And so they prevailed after all, in a way. But there was much that had been burnt forever. And so Jakob sighed. "Yeah, I remember. I just thought -- well. e're here for different reasons. Some were criminals. Some complained." "Like Hester!" They laughed. "Yeah, I suppose that's what got her here. But a lot of us were just in the wrong place at the….

Works Cited

Robinson, Kim Stanley. The Lunatics. Jonathan Strahan (ed). San Francisco: Night Shade Books, 2010. Print.

Human Approach vs The Institution Approach to Social Injustice

Complexity of Identity" by Beverly Daniel Tatum and "Structure as the Subject of Justice" by Iris Marion Young are the articles addressed by this reaction paper. Tatum's article discusses social justice on a human-to-human level and her solutions to social injustice are personal. Young's article is more emotionally remote, dealing with unjust housing, blaming nobody but concluding that the solution must be aggressive regulatory intervention. Each article contributes an interesting perspective on social justice and a model for solving injustice. "The Complexity of Identity" by Beverly Daniel Tatum What are the main issues and ideas contained in the reading? "The Complexity of Identity" addresses the multiple sources of an individual's identity, from self, family, friends, teachers, community, state, country, and so forth, all combined in a person's self-reflection and observation to form his/her identity. The author notes that members of a subordinate "class" tend to include that status in their verbalized self-definitions,….

Social Media Facebook Facebook A Vehicle

As recent events in the Middle East have clearly demonstrated, Facebook is more on the side of the politically disadvantaged and the poor as they have increasingly embraced Facebook and other social media while the governments in the region tried to ban them. Many governments such as that of China do not allow Facebook primarily because they want to avert scenarios they have seen in the Middle East. Facebook revolutions It was in the wake of 2008 when Oscar Morales, a young man in Columbia, decided that he had had enough of FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia), a Marxist group which routinely kidnaps people, keeping them as hostages for months or years, while many of the hostages die in captivity. Angry and depressed by the actions of FARC, one night he turned to Facebook which he had been using to connect with his friends and high school classmates. He used….

Alexanian, Janet A.. "Eyewitness Accounts and Political Claims: Transnational Responses to the 2009 Postelection Protests in Iran." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 31.2 (2011): 425-442. Project MUSE. Web. 3 Oct. 2011. .

Burns, Alex and Ben Eltham, "Twitter free Iran: an evaluation of twitter's role in public diplomacy and information operations in Iran's 2009 election crisis," in Papandrea, Franco & Armstrong, Mark (Eds.). Record of the Communications Policy & Research Forum 2009. Sydney: Network Insight Institute. Web. 26 Nov. 2011 .

China, Walid. "The Facebook Revolution." New African 503 (2011): 24. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 26 Nov. 2011.

Eltahawy, Mona. "The Middle East's Generation Facebook." World Policy Journal 25.3 (2008): 69-77. Academic Search Premier. Web. 26 Nov. 2011.

Social Work and a Situation

socialworkers.org/pubs/code/code.asp of the National Association of Social Workers). Social workers strive to ensure access to needed information, services, and resources; equality of opportunity; and meaningful participation in decision making for all people (Code of Ethics http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/code.asp of the National Association of Social Workers)." One of the most important ethical considerations in the field of social work is the constant respect that social workers show to the people they server. The dignity of a client is highly valued and held in high esteem in the field of social work and social workers strive to help individuals maintain their sense of dignity and value so that they can regain their sense of self-worth. Social worker ethics also include the embracing of the value of human relationships. According to the ethical expectations of social workers, the relationships among people are very important to the people who want to change. Those relationships can play significant roles in….

Code of Ethics (Accessed 12-05-06)

 http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/code.asp 

Janesen, Bruce, (1998) Developing a social work research agenda on ethics in health care.

Health and Social Work;

Leadership and Social Advocacy

Social Advocacy in Counseling Social advocacy has been described by some counseling theorists as a "fifth force" paradigm that should be considered to rival if not replace other major counseling psychology paradigms regarding behavior and mental illness (atts, 2009). This paper briefly discusses what social justice/advocacy is, the debate regarding its status as a paradigm in counseling psychology, and how social advocacy can enhance both the client's experience and life and the professional counselor's personal, professional, and ethical obligations to helping others. Social Justice Social justice is fairness or impartiality exercised in society, specifically as it is implemented by and within different levels of social classes of a society. A truly socially just populace would be based on the principles of solidarity and equality, would consider and maintain values, human rights, and the dignity of every person in the society (Bell, 1997). Social justice/advocacy theories have in recent years been presented as valid….

American Counseling Association. (2005). ACA code of ethics. Alexandria, VA: Author.

Bell, L. (1997). Theoretical foundations for social justice education. In M. Adams, L. Bell, & P. Griffin (Eds.), Teaching for diversity and social justice (pp. 3-16). New York: Routledge.

Betancourt, J.R., Green, A.R., Carrillo, J.E., & Park, E.R. (2005). Cultural competence and health care disparities: Key perspectives and trends. Health Affairs, 24, 499 -- 505.

Carlson, N. (2011). Foundations of behavioral neuroscience (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson

Social Contradiction the Contradiction Between

Franklin's autobiography demonstrates a truly American kind of businessman, because he so neatly embodies all of the assumptions and logical fallacies that American capitalism depends on in order to justify its dominance in an ostensibly equitable and representative society. Where Franklin's autobiography demonstrates the peculiar appeal to divine right that is used to justify the inequity of American capitalism, Herman Melville's Bartleby the Scrivener demonstrates the almost willful obtuseness necessary for any apologists of capitalism who must interact with the exploited lower classes on a regular basis. The narrator of Bartleby the Scrivener is entirely unaware of anything outside the extremely limited range of his own preconceived ideas, which is both why Bartleby's passive resistance stuns him so much and he is ultimately unable to come to terms with Bartleby's death. He practically admits as much when he says "the easiest way of life is the best," because the easiest….

Franklin, B. (2008). Autobiography of benjamin franklin. New York: Forgotten Books.

Melville, H. (1856). Bartleby the scrivener. New York: Plain Label Books.

Social Order and Inequality

Social Order and Inequalities Social order and inequality Ideas, beliefs, values, norms, roles, statuses, organizations and social class may have impact on an individual's life directly or indirectly. This can be in form of gender and social inequality. The life of my friend Jane who is a woman is an example of how these phenomenon impacts the life of individuals. Gender inequalities rise from deepening division in the roles that are assigned to men and women, especially in the political, economic and educational sphere. When my friend Jane could not make it to the leadership of their community despite various attempts, it showed that women are always underrepresented in political activities as well as decision making processes. This is brought by the ever existing beliefs that men are better leaders than women. As a woman she is subjected to institutional discrimination where they face problem of accessing education which has limit their opportunity….

Social Realism and the Great

His painting (social realism) called "Approaching Storm" is a remarkable portrayal of a man walking up a hill with a bucket of water and two donkeys waiting to be told what to do. In the distance is a menacing storm. The website (Twecht.tripod) says that this farm could possibly have been a beautiful place to live at one point in time…but now it is gray and windy…all life in the painting ceases to exist" (www.twecht.tripod.com). Dorothea Lange Dorothea Lange is among the best known of all the photographers and artists that contributed to the social realism movement during the Great Depression. Lange's most famous photograph, "Migrant Mother," shows a worried woman with two "tousle-haired children clinging to her, their faces turned away from the camera" (u, 2010, p. 1). A third child is asleep in the woman's arms. That photo -- taken in a migrant camp in California -- is in….

Archives. "Portfolio: Dorothea Lange." Retrieved Dec. 7, 2010, from  http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/picturing_the_century/text/port_lange_text.html .

Illinois State Museum. "The Federal Art Project (FAP)" Retrieved Dec. 8, 2010, from  http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/art/htmls/de_FAPhist.html . (2010).

The History Place. "Migrant Farm Families." Retrieved Dec. 8, 2010, from http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/lang/index.html. (2010).

Twecht Tripod. "Thomas Hart Benton: Approaching Storm, 1938." Retrieved Dec. 8, 2010,

Injustices Based on Racial Discrimination and Gender

Injustices based on racial discrimination and gender bias in a democratic country sounds weird and hard-to-believe. However, what history has witnessed proves what nobody wants to hear or believe. This analytical research paper addresses grave issues concerning racial discrimination and gender bias pertaining to black vs. white and the related causes for the orld ar II as well as the prejudices that led to the Civil Rights Movement. Thus, the paper revolves around the popular poem "Mending all" by Robert Frost, addressing the issue of the racial conflict between blacks and whites in America. Poems by Langston Hughes will also be incorporated in the paper to better explain the black experiences before the II and Civil Rights Movement. The orks Cited appends seven sources in MLA format. Mending alls Among many renowned literary figures that understood the cost that the world is paying for racial prejudices and the rebellious nature that took….

Robert Frost (1874-1963). Available at  http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/robertfrost/ (October 31, 2002)

Frost, "Poetry Of Robert Frost: Five Poems From North Of Boston," Monarch Notes, 01-01-1963

Frost, "Poetry Of Robert Frost: Essay Questions, Criticism," Monarch Notes, 01-01-1963.

America After Slavery: From Lynchings to White Riots." Available at http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Classroom/9912/lynchingera.html (October

Social Philosophy

Social Philosophy Concluding in Political moderation, in "A Theory of Justice," and in later works, John awls explains a comprehensive, as well as influential theory, which is on the subject of, presenting a theory of justice in concurrence with the liberal-democratic passion that relates to the rights and freedoms of individuals in society. It entails that the rights of the individuals ought to be moderated by various types of clauses, making certain that no social or natural eventualities are overlooked. The theory declares that no inborn benefits of political authority, substance riches or natural capability should irreversibly or overpoweringly establish life chances. Furthermore, more distinctively, these morally subjective issues should not establish the value of political liberties to moral persons (1). In 1971, awls's explains his first articulation of his theory of justice which highlights on individual abilities that he entitles the "Original Position" and in addition, a model of social life.….

1). Macedo, Stephen. April 1995. Liberal Civic Education and Religious Fundamentalism: the Case of God v. John Rawls. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Pp.468 -496.

2). Carter, Stephen. 1987. Evolutionism and Treating Religion as a Hobby. Duke Law Journal.

3). Rawls, John. 1993. Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.

4). Kenneth Baynes. 1992. The Normative Grounds of Social Criticism: Kant, Rawls, Habermas, Albany. Suny Press.

I need some suggestions for social injustice essay topics. Can you offer any?

Certainly! Here are a few suggestions for social injustice essay topics: 1. Income inequality and its effects on marginalized communities. 2. Gender bias and discrimination in the workplace. 3. Racial profiling and its impact on communities of color. 4. Access to quality education for low-income students. 5. Environmental racism and its consequences on disadvantaged communities. 6. The criminal justice system's disproportionate treatment of minorities. 7. Discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals in society. 8. Disability rights and the challenges faced by disabled individuals. 9. Child labor and exploitation in developing countries. 10. The refugee crisis and the global response to displaced populations. Remember, when writing about social injustice, it is essential to research....

Is there anything in the news related to adversity that would make a good essay subject?

Yes, there are several news topics related to adversity that would make for a compelling essay subject. Here are a few examples: 1. The COVID-19 pandemic: You can explore how people worldwide faced numerous adversities due to the pandemic, such as health challenges, economic struggles, mental health issues, and social isolation. You can discuss stories of resilience, innovative solutions, community support, and lessons learned. 2. Climate change and natural disasters: Write about the adversity faced by communities affected by natural disasters like hurricanes, floods, wildfires, or droughts. Discuss the challenges of rebuilding lives, adapting to new circumstances, and finding sustainable solutions to....

why graffiti should be protected

Graffiti should be protected for several reasons: 1. Artistic expression: Graffiti is a form of art that allows individuals to express their creativity and communicate messages visually. It provides a platform for artists to showcase their talent and perspective. 2. Cultural significance: Graffiti often reflects the cultural identity and vibrant spirit of a community or neighborhood. It can convey unique stories, experiences, and beliefs of a particular group of people, preserving their history and heritage. 3. Social commentary: Graffiti serves as a powerful tool for social commentary, enabling artists to raise awareness about various issues such as social injustice, environmental concerns, or political....

I\'m looking for a unique and fresh essay topic on debates in political theory module. Any ideas that stand out?

Title: Navigating the Crossroads of Authority: Exploring the Legitimacy and Limits of Power in Political Theory Introduction: At the crux of political theory lies the intricate interplay between authority and power, a dynamic relationship that has sparked debates and shaped paradigms for centuries. This essay delves into the multifaceted concept of legitimacy, interrogating the foundations of authority and the boundaries of power. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical and contemporary perspectives, we will explore the challenges and complexities of legitimizing power, the tensions between various sources of authority, and the implications for political practice and social justice. 1. The Sources and Foundations of....

Outline Template: Essay on Social Injustice I. Introduction A. Alarming fact or statistic related to social injustices B. Begin listing some of the main issues you will discuss in the paper about…

Psychology - Abnormal

Social Injustice We can define social injustice as occurring when people who are perceived to fit into one or more marginalized groups are treated differently than others not belonging to…

White Privilege Social injustice encompasses all evils, which may include discrimination, gender bias, racial profiling, and many others. Social injustice, which comes in many forms, is a global problem (Stewart…

Prophets: Idolatry, Social Injustice and eligious itualism At a glance, one can easily decide not to read the prophetic books, after all they are not as interesting to read as…

Royal Battle: The Prevalence of Social Injustice in Today America One of the most controversial contemporary American literary works that raised eyebrows in the 1950s was Ralph Ellison’s essay, Battle…

Lunatics and Social Injustice Central passage: "So it's the most powerful substance in the world," Solly said. "But why us? hy are we here?" "You don't know?" Jakob said. "They blanked us,…

Reaction Paper

Women's Issues - Sexuality

Complexity of Identity" by Beverly Daniel Tatum and "Structure as the Subject of Justice" by Iris Marion Young are the articles addressed by this reaction paper. Tatum's article…

Research Paper

Education - Computers

As recent events in the Middle East have clearly demonstrated, Facebook is more on the side of the politically disadvantaged and the poor as they have increasingly embraced…

Business - Ethics

socialworkers.org/pubs/code/code.asp of the National Association of Social Workers). Social workers strive to ensure access to needed information, services, and resources; equality of opportunity; and meaningful participation in decision making for…

PhD Model Answer

Social Advocacy in Counseling Social advocacy has been described by some counseling theorists as a "fifth force" paradigm that should be considered to rival if not replace other major counseling…

Franklin's autobiography demonstrates a truly American kind of businessman, because he so neatly embodies all of the assumptions and logical fallacies that American capitalism depends on in order…

Sports - Women

Social Order and Inequalities Social order and inequality Ideas, beliefs, values, norms, roles, statuses, organizations and social class may have impact on an individual's life directly or indirectly. This can be…

Art  (general)

His painting (social realism) called "Approaching Storm" is a remarkable portrayal of a man walking up a hill with a bucket of water and two donkeys waiting to…

Injustices based on racial discrimination and gender bias in a democratic country sounds weird and hard-to-believe. However, what history has witnessed proves what nobody wants to hear or believe.…

Social Philosophy Concluding in Political moderation, in "A Theory of Justice," and in later works, John awls explains a comprehensive, as well as influential theory, which is on the subject…

Questions? Call us: 

Email: 

• How it works
• Testimonials

Essay Writing

• Essay service
• Essay writers
• College essay service
• Write my essay
• Pay for essay
• Essay topics

Term Paper Writing

• Term paper service
• Buy term papers
• Term paper help
• Term paper writers
• College term papers
• Write my term paper
• Pay for term paper
• Term paper topic

Research Paper Writing

• Research paper service
• Buy research paper
• Research paper help
• Research paper writers
• College research papers
• Write my research paper
• Pay for research paper
• Research paper topics

Dissertation Writing

• Dissertation service
• Buy dissertation
• Dissertation help
• Dissertation writers
• College thesis
• Write my dissertation
• Pay for dissertation
• Dissertation topics

Other Services

• Custom writing services
• Speech writing service
• Movie review writing
• Editing service
• Assignment writing
• Article writing service
• Book report writing
• Book review writing

Popular request:

The best 70 racism topics for research paper for you.

September 25, 2020

Racism is one of the most important themes in modern society. While it is true that days of slavery are well behind us, the problem of racism is still rampant in many countries, from the US to China. This is why it has become a common subject in academia.

So, when you have an assignment on racism, the best way to make it sparkle and get you the best grades is by selecting the best topics. Keep reading to identify 70 excellent racism topics for research paper.

History of Racism Topics for Research Paper

Although racism is painful, it started a long time ago and you can explore its history through the following topics on racism.

• How colonialism shaped aboriginal racism in Australia.
• Women’s movement of the 1960s: Did it manage to unite black and white women?
• Mexican American racism in the US: Why did it intensify in the 20 th century?
• Analyzing racial prejudice in the 1950s.
• Was Malcolm X racist? Justify your answer.
• Can we refer to the ancient Greeks racists?
• Were the antislavery ideas part of the causes of the Civil War?
• Exploring racist ideas in Charles Darwin’s work.
• National identity: Is it connected to racism?
• Do anthropological researchers fight or help racism?
• Black poverty and racism in the 20 th century: How are they connected?
• Analyzing the reactions following the assassination of Martin Luther King. Jr.
• How is racism depicted in colonialism literature?

Racism Argumentative Topics for Research Paper

Racism often turns into a heated subject of controversy and serious disputes. So, if you want to be part of the discussion, here are some great racism argumentative topics for research paper to consider.

• Why is racism immoral?
• Racism and hate crimes in the US: Are they connected?
• Should we consider Islamophobia racism?
• Racism: Can we refer to it as a mental disorder?
• Race: Does it serve any purpose in modern society?
• Irishness: Should it be considered a show of racism?
• Prejudice towards ladies in hijab: Is it baseless?
• Racism: Is it rooted in fear?
• What countries are the most racist in the EU?
• Do you agree with the statement, “there will always be color racism?”
• Prejudice and racism: Are they the same thing.
• Comic books: Can we consider it racist against black people?

Analytical Research Topics about Racism

Questions about “Why,” “How” and “What next” about racism always lingers in the mind of thoughtful. To get answers to these questions, here are some interesting topics about racism to consider:

• Explain how racism influenced the formation of the English language.
• Why do most people prefer marriage partners from the same race?
• How does racism impact prisoners in the US?
• Types of racism that exist in the EU?
• The impact of racism on the mental health of racial minorities.
• Racial discrimination and police brutality: How are they connected?
• What are the main effects of racism on the sports industry?
• A closer look at the use of anti-racist ideas in television commercials.
• Ageism and racism: Are they different?
• Analyzing racism in American pop culture.
• Assessing the racial prejudices in Oscar boycotts.
• Analyze segregation in the Novel “Sula” by Tula Morrison.
• Can the “Othello” by Shakespeare be considered racist?
• Affirmative action: Should it be class-based or group-based?

Interesting Racism Research Topics

Do you want to gain deeper insights into the topic of racism? Here are some great racism research paper topics that you should consider.

• Capitalism and racism in Japan.
• A closer look at the theory of protest by Socrates.
• Homophobic hip-hop music: How does it impact the social attitudes towards the LGBT community?
• Ten proofs that racism still exist in the United States.
• What are the different types of racism in the US?
• The implications of aboriginal discrimination in Australia.
• How are Muslims discriminated in the UK?
• Analyzing internalized racism.
• Authoritarian theory of prejudice.
• Scapegoat theory: Does it always explain racism? Explain.
• Is racism responsible for poor social progress?
• A closer look at the historical figures who fought against racism in history.
• Analyzing the anti-discrimination laws in Cuba by Fidel Castro.
• European colonialism: Was it responsible for the spread of racism?

Good Research Topics Dealing with Racism

We all agree that racism is bad, right? Here are some awesome research topics about race and racism and how to deal with it.

• Dealing with racial prejudices: What are the best strategies?
• How effective are the US laws in preventing racism.
• How can leaders deal with racism in their workplace?
• How can we reduce racial discrimination in education?
• Is it possible to have a world without racism?
• Confucianism: Can it help to address the problem of racism?
• Apartheid and progress in South Africa.
• Institutional racism: Why is it so difficult to address?
• Environmental racism: What is it and how can we fight it?
• Demystify the four types of group interactions: Assimilation, segregation, pluralism, and genocide.
• Can we justify racism at times?
• Suggest the main strategies that can be used to end racial discrimination in schools.
• Can art be used to fight racism?
• A deeper look at the history of affirmative action.
• Analyzing the Australia policies and their effectiveness in addressing xenophobia.
• Analyzing the US efforts to end discrimination against homeless people.
• Racism and U.S criminal justice system.

Once students have selected their preferred sociology racism topics, the writing journey commences. So, whether you selected a racism topic related to American History or methods of addressing the problem, you will need to have the right resources and top-notch writing skills. If you feel stuck with the paper because of one reason or another, the best option is seeking college research paper help from our experts.

Take a break from writing.

Top academic experts are here for you.

• How To Write An Autobiography Guideline And Useful Advice
• 182 Best Classification Essay Topics To Learn And Write About
• How To Manage Stress In College: Top Practical Tips  
• How To Write A Narrative Essay: Definition, Tips, And A Step-by-Step Guide
• How To Write Article Review Like Professional
• Great Problem Solution Essay Topics
• Creating Best Stanford Roommate Essay
• Costco Essay – Best Writing Guide
• How To Quote A Dialogue
• Wonderful Expository Essay Topics
• Research Paper Topics For 2020
• Interesting Persuasive Essay Topics

300 Social Issues Research Topics to Impress Your Professor and Get A

Researching social issues holds immense importance in our quest for knowledge and progress. It allows us to delve deeper into the complexities of society, unraveling the underlying causes, impacts, and potential solutions. However, the significance of a good research topic must be considered, which sets the stage for a high-scoring and impactful research endeavor. If you have difficulty finding a good social issue research topic, check out these lists from the experts working with a professional  paper writing services  provider.

Table of Contents

Comprehensive list of Unique Social Issue Research Topics

Scroll down and go through our list of unique topics and pick one that sparks your interest. Here you go with the first one: 

Women’s Social Issues Research Topics 

It’s crucial to look into the various aspects of women’s social issues if we want to get a better understanding of gender inequality. Here are some ideas to help you dig deeper into this topic.

• Prejudice against women in corporate culture
• Problems of pregnant women working in the corporate
• Harassment in educational institutes against women
• What strategies can governments adopt to ensure equal rights for women?
• Raising awareness of the problems of pregnant women
• How to develop a respectful attitude towards women and gender minorities in companies?
• Ill-treatment of women in the government sector
• Writing on essay topics related to problems with Syrian female immigrants
• The Role of Women in economic life and the World of Work
• Women’s political and electoral training
• Women in old homes: Research and Interviews for Problems and Concerns
• Toxic Masculinity in the Workplace: what can women do?
• Developing a workplace culture for fair treatment of every gender
• Role of Government in solving problems related to Women
• The economy of the United States: Income inequality in the U.S.
• Building a world where women have equal opportunities and fair treatment
• Essay Topics Related to Problems of Women in New York
• Financial problems for single mothers
• Women dealing with social issues in New Mexico
• Condition of Mexican immigrant women in the United States
• Women’s health: Key performance indicators, problems and obstacles
• Securing Women’s Rights with the Help of international law
• Education of women: The rights and responsibilities
• Better living conditions for older women
• A research study of the problems of pregnant women in California
• Health and welfare of older people, especially women
• Improving the quality of life for single mothers with better opportunities

Children’s Social Issues Research Topics 

It’s important to tackle the social issues that affect kids to create a better, more nurturing future for the next generation. Here are some interesting topics on this subject to get started with  writing your research paper . 

• School Bullying and social networks
• Problems and issues with children with a single parent
• A research study on the problems of children in foster homes
• How can we make foster care better and safer for children?
• Delinquency trends in children among marginalized communities
• modernity and technology at the cost of the destruction of childhood
• Issues that children from Mexican households in America have to face
• What are the advantages of multiculturalism in kindergarten?
• Problems of Assault and Molestation of Children
• Why Are Young People Committing Crimes These Days?
• Cyberbullying and Toxicity on social media
• Violence among children and young people
• Rehabilitation of juvenile offenders and improving their lives
• Illness and disability among kids living in developing countries
• The lack of tolerance among the teenagers
• Child labor in developing countries
• Psychology of kindergarten education
• School is a chance for every kid to learn tolerance and harmony
• Children facing with lack of empathy and bullying on social media
• The use of new technologies in education and adaptability in children
• Problems of immigrant children
• Child development and behavior

Social Issues Research Topics About Labor Rights

It’s essential to look into the social issues surrounding workers’ rights and fight for their well-being. Labor rights are the foundation of having fair and decent working conditions. Here are some topics if you want to research such subjects.

• The legal responsibility of entrepreneurs
• Workplace accident management
• Increased flexibility via remote working options
• Mental health problems caused by workers after the COVID pandemic
• The principle of equality today is related to labor rights
• Change wages or salaries
• Labor problems caused by the Covid pandemic
• Employees having to deal with additional work pressures
• Role of labor unions in social justice for Laborers
• Mental health problems in the Workplace
• What can we do to offer ideas for improvements in labor laws
• The desire to maintain a healthy work-life balance
• Hate speech and domestic violence against marginalized groups in large companies
• Academic paper for immigration disruptions in Canada and USA
• The employer’s right to manage employees and the abuse of it
• Role of human resources in identifying and solving problems of labor
• The job of the government and schools is to offer their members better career prospects
• Problems and issues related to a minimum period of employment
• The technology skills gap leads to problems with the laborers
• Improving the well-being of the company for its members
• Change wages or salaries impact and consequences
• How the global pandemic and Working from home changed the World
• Recruiting methods from passive to active: how to prepare
• Global labor shortages: problems and consequences
• What are the reasons for the labor shortage?
• Writing assignment about laborers dealing with the effects of long Covid
• Why is it essential for companies to take a public stand for social issues
• Mental health problems for workers in the field
• Relevant examples of social issues related to labor and employment
• How to empower workers against social injustice?

Social Issues Research Topics for the Environment

It’s important to dig into how social issues and the environment are connected when we’re trying to handle big problems like climate change, running out of resources, etc. Here are some  research topics  to think about.

• Health risks associated with the general environment and their perception and representation
• Climate change knowledge and expertise on health risks
• Health inequalities resulting from environmental and social factors
• What Role can environmental law play in protecting the environment at sea?
• Deforestation and chronic pollution are destroying biodiversity
• Importance of green energy conversion
• The Law of the Environment and sustainable development
• The Management of Pollution in Environmental Law
• Toward a better understanding of atmospheric pollution
• Utilizing environmental technologies and learning about them
• Waste and material resources of the World
• The destruction of ozone affects the environment and health
• Nature’s resources are being destroyed. What can we do as researchers to prevent this?
• Is it still imperative to preserve the environment during wartime?
• Combating armed conflict while preserving the environment
• The tourism industry and pollution management
• Environmental factors that affect cancer risk
• Cost-benefit analysis of the action based on legal or socioeconomic criteria
• Analyzing how different environmental factors contribute to the risk
• Investigating a variety of environmental issues and sectors
• Regions and specific areas of environmental perception
• The effects of climate change and global warming
• Factors contributing to a healthy environment
• The relationship between human rights and environmental law
• In environmental law, pollution management is a constant
• Worldwide implementation of sustainable development
• How consumption trends and international news can help the environmental cause

Social Issues Research Topics Related to Covid Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed how we live and has spotlighted all kinds of social issues that need to be looked into and solved. So, if you would like to research social issues related to the recent pandemic, check out this list for current social issues for research paper:

• Social panic caused after the COVID-19 breakdown
• Problems and social issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic
• COVID-19 and financial problems on the rise
• Impact of COVID-19 on the people with middle class
• Police Procedure and criminal justice during the COVID-19
• The aftermath of COVID-19 has resulted in a social dilemma and economic disruption
• An influential aspect of the pandemic is mental health
• The Impact of social and territorial inequalities on health
• The ethical issues raised by the pandemic
• Writing research papers on social media’s Role during COVID-19
• Children and adolescents’ mental condition during the pandemic
• Problems in healthcare and Management of chronic diseases
• Disruption in modern society by the COVID-19
• How our social media accounts helped us during the darkest hours of covid
• Ensuring the delivery of criminal justice during covid
• Impact of COVID-19 on family life
• Role of the Pandemic in the Promotion of remote education
• Avoiding social media addiction during the quarantine

Social Issue Topics Related to American Society

Checking out the social problems in the U.S. gives us a great understanding of how complicated, varied and hard they can be for people and different communities. Here is another list of topics on social issues. 

• Environment perception in specific areas and regions
• Climate change and global warming effects
• The factors that contribute to a healthy environment
• Cancer risk factors in the environment
• Workplace toxic masculinity: what can women do?
• The global labor shortage: problems and consequences
• Why does the U.S. have a shortage of labor?
• Workers dealing with the effects of Covid
• Problems related to mental issues among field workers
• Law and human rights concerning the environment
• Management of pollution is a constant concern in environmental law
• Impacts and consequences of changes in wages or salaries
• How to prepare for passive to active recruitment
• The problem of child labor in developing countries
• Kindergarten Education and Psychology
• Tolerance and harmony can be learned in school by every child
• Lack of empathy and bullying on social media among children
• Technology in Education and Children’s Adaptability
• Legal or socioeconomic cost-benefit analysis of the action
• A major social issue in the modern age is poverty
• Government’s Role in solving social problems
• Sustainable Development of the World
• Trafficking in drugs and Mexican cartels
• A culture of fair treatment for all genders in the Workplace
• Nature’s resources are being depleted.
• Management of pollution in the tourism industry
• How can we use social media to improve society and resolve social problems?
• A lack of respect for marginalized communities in the professional environment can be seen in several ways.
• Understanding social issues and the problems associated with them
• Materials and waste from around the World and the Impact they have on the environment
• The depletion of ozone is detrimental to the environment and human health
• Insights into the political and electoral training of women
• Taking a closer look at Women’s Problems and Concerns in old homes: Research and Interviews
• Issues and problems related to the minimum period of employment and the minimum wage
• The technological skills gap is causing labor shortages shortly
• Enhancing the well-being of the members of the company as a whole

Interesting Social Injustice Topics for College Students

As college students, exploring and engaging with interesting social issues topics expands our intellectual horizons and empowers us to become agents of change in our communities and beyond. Particularly when you include social problems examples. Here is another list of interesting topics.

• Developing better relationships with public institutions to solve problems
• The Role of social work in the Management of health problems
• Corporations discriminate against marginalized communities in the U.S.
• Sociology of the popular classes
• The reasons for the low human development index in African countries
• Social issues caused by class differences
• Drugs and anarchist behaviors
• Religious Differences and biased approaches to employment strategies
• Mexican cartels and the problem of drug trafficking
• Poverty is one of the most significant social issues in the Modern World
• Role of the Government in solving social issues
• How can we use social media to improve society and solve social issues?
• Prejudice against marginalized communities in the professional environment
• Understanding the problems related to social issues
• Role of problem-solving and understanding the root cause of social issues
• Major social issues in developing countries
• Role of Education in ending violence in Society
• Class Differences and the Impact on the human development index
• Differences in health facilities for different classes
• Social Norms and the Role of the Community
• Causes and solutions to human trafficking on the Mexican borders
• Human development index in India
• How to solve the poverty problem?
• What is the problem of social media bullying, and how to avoid it?
• How does financial illiteracy lead to a lack of development in developing countries?
• Impact of Terrorism on Society
• How to solve the terrorism problem?
• Mafia problems in the USA and how to deal with them
• Biased treatment of marginalized communities in the government sector
• The increasing problem of drug addiction
• Ethics and Artificial Intelligence: Emerging social issues
• Role of social media in increasing social issues

Police and Social Justice Research Papers Topics

Let’s unveil a curated collection of current social issues for a research paper. Here’s the list:

• Children’s safety and protection: The security job is of the utmost importance
• School bullying is a serious issue that needs to be addressed
• A few heartrending social issues examples 
• Using the Internet to disseminate terrorist content: a serious issue related to Cybersecurity
• Digital Platform Security Certification – A Guide to Cybersecurity Certifications
• The protection of minors in alcohol-serving establishments
• Concerns regarding cyber security in the United States
• An analysis of the spatial pattern of terrorism in the USA over the past two decades
• New York crime analysis, a look at the crime situation in the City
• Security technologies face several obstacles when it comes to their implementation
• Having the versatility to specialize and the specialization to be versatile in security matters
• Investigative requisitions from the judicial police
• Relationships between the police and the public: The need for improvement
• Conflict Management and Prevention in Communities
• The principle of secularism in sports must be respected
• Stopping the illicit trade in tobacco products
• Towns with small populations and cybersecurity
• Taking care of historical monuments
• Providing support to victims of aggression
• An analysis of the roadside check system in developing countries
• The challenges of reception at a police station for public security
• A system for protecting housing from illegal encroachment
• Anti-abuse and anti-fraud measures
• A diversity of expectations and feedback from the inhabitants
• Taking public security work seriously in terms of its relational dimension
• The issue of external assistance in the area of internal security
• Putting social networks to the test in terms of police ethics

As you have reached the conclusion paragraph of the blog post, you must have picked a topic or two to work for your social issue research paper. Most of the lists have focused on social issues today as they could be very interesting for the readers. Plus, there are a plethora of good topics for you to count on. Just remember that a good research subject must be able to answer, what is a social problem, what is a social issue, and more. Still if you are struggling with picking up a good topic, feel free to count on the expertise of  our writers .

Order Original Papers & Essays

Your First Custom Paper Sample is on Us!

Timely Deliveries

No Plagiarism & AI

100% Refund

Try Our Free Paper Writing Service

Related blogs.

Connections with Writers and support

Privacy and Confidentiality Guarantee

Average Quality Score

Environmental Justice Research Paper Topics

This guide provides a comprehensive list of environmental justice research paper topics , meticulously organized into ten categories, each featuring ten unique and engaging subjects. It also offers expert advice on how to select a topic and how to structure and write an environmental justice research paper. Furthermore, it introduces iResearchNet’s professional writing services, which can assist students in creating custom research papers on any topic.

100 Environmental Justice Research Paper Topics

Environmental justice is a significant and dynamic field of study. It intersects with various disciplines, including law, policy, public health, urban planning, and climate science. The following comprehensive list of environmental justice research paper topics is divided into ten categories, each with ten topics. These topics are designed to inspire students to explore the diverse aspects of environmental justice and contribute to this important discourse.

Academic Writing, Editing, Proofreading, And Problem Solving Services

Get 10% off with 24start discount code.

Environmental Justice and Policy

• The role of policy in promoting environmental justice
• The impact of the Clean Air Act on marginalized communities
• Environmental justice in urban planning policies
• The role of the EPA in ensuring environmental justice
• Policy analysis of the National Environmental Policy Act
• The influence of local government on environmental justice outcomes
• The role of international policy in promoting environmental justice
• Environmental justice implications of waste management policies
• The impact of zoning laws on environmental justice
• Policy solutions for addressing environmental racism

Case Studies in Environmental Justice

• Flint water crisis: A case study in environmental injustice
• The impact of Hurricane Katrina on low-income communities
• Case study of indigenous rights and environmental justice
• Environmental justice issues in the Dakota Access Pipeline project
• Case study: Environmental justice in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
• The impact of industrial pollution: A case study of Cancer Alley, Louisiana
• Case study: The fight for environmental justice in the Amazon Rainforest
• The impact of mining activities on local communities: A case study
• Case study: Environmental justice and the Navajo Nation
• The Love Canal disaster: A case study in environmental injustice

Environmental Justice and Health

• The impact of environmental injustice on public health
• Correlation between air pollution and health disparities
• The impact of water pollution on marginalized communities
• Environmental racism and its impact on health outcomes
• The relationship between food deserts and environmental justice
• The health impacts of hazardous waste disposal in marginalized communities
• The correlation between environmental justice and mental health
• The impact of noise pollution on health in urban areas
• Health outcomes related to poor housing and environmental justice
• The role of occupational health in environmental justice

Environmental Justice and Climate Change

• The impact of climate change on marginalized communities
• Climate justice: Ensuring fair adaptation strategies
• The role of climate change in exacerbating environmental injustices
• The impact of sea-level rise on low-income coastal communities
• Climate change, environmental justice, and the Paris Agreement
• The role of climate justice in international climate negotiations
• The impact of extreme weather events on marginalized communities
• Climate refugees: An emerging environmental justice issue
• The intersection of climate justice and renewable energy policies
• The role of climate change in urban heat islands and environmental justice

Environmental Justice and Activism

• The role of activism in promoting environmental justice
• The environmental justice movement in the 1980s
• The impact of social media on environmental justice activism
• The role of youth activism in the environmental justice movement
• The influence of the Black Lives Matter movement on environmental justice
• The role of indigenous activism in promoting environmental justice
• Activism strategies for addressing environmental racism
• The impact of community organizing on local environmental justice outcomes
• The role of art and culture in environmental justice activism
• Activism and the fight for clean water in Flint, Michigan

Environmental Justice and Education

• The role of education in promoting environmental justice
• Environmental justice in the school curriculum
• The impact of environmental education on community awareness and action
• The role of higher education institutions in promoting environmental justice
• Environmental justice and science education
• The role of environmental education in empowering marginalized communities
• Environmental justice education programs
• The impact of environmental education on policy and legislation
• Environmental justice in environmental studies programs
• The role of experiential learning in environmental justice education

Environmental Justice and Indigenous Rights

• The impact of environmental injustice on indigenous communities
• Indigenous rights and environmental justice in the Amazon
• The role of indigenous knowledge in environmental justice
• The impact of land rights on environmental justice in indigenous communities
• The Dakota Access Pipeline and indigenous rights
• Indigenous rights and the fight against deforestation
• The impact of mining on indigenous communities and lands
• Indigenous rights in international environmental law
• The role of indigenous communities in biodiversity conservation and environmental justice

Environmental Justice and Urban Planning

• The role of urban planning in promoting or hindering environmental justice
• The impact of gentrification on environmental justice
• Urban green spaces and environmental justice
• The role of transportation planning in environmental justice
• Environmental justice in urban redevelopment projects
• The impact of housing policy on environmental justice
• Urban agriculture and environmental justice
• The role of community participation in urban planning for environmental justice
• Urban heat islands and environmental justice
• The impact of urban sprawl on environmental justice

Environmental Justice and Corporate Responsibility

• The role of corporations in promoting or hindering environmental justice
• Corporate pollution and environmental justice
• The impact of corporate social responsibility initiatives on environmental justice
• The role of the fossil fuel industry in environmental justice
• The impact of corporate lobbying on environmental justice policies
• Environmental justice and the tech industry
• The role of greenwashing in environmental justice
• Corporate accountability and environmental justice
• The impact of supply chains on environmental justice
• Environmental justice in the garment industry

Environmental Justice and International Perspectives

• Comparative analysis of environmental justice in different countries
• The role of international law in promoting environmental justice
• Environmental justice in the Global South
• The impact of globalization on environmental justice
• Environmental justice and the European Union
• The role of international organizations in promoting environmental justice
• Environmental justice in developing vs. developed countries
• The impact of international trade on environmental justice
• Environmental justice and the United Nations
• The role of international climate agreements in promoting environmental justice

In conclusion, these environmental justice research paper topics provide a broad overview of the various aspects of environmental justice. They highlight the intersectionality of environmental justice, touching on policy, health, climate change, activism, education, indigenous rights, urban planning, corporate responsibility, and international perspectives. Each topic offers a unique opportunity to delve into the complexities of environmental justice and contribute to this important field of study. Remember, the goal is not just to understand the issues but also to explore potential solutions and strategies for achieving environmental justice.

Environmental Justice Research Guide

In today’s world, environmental justice has become a crucial topic of concern for environmental scientists, policymakers, and communities around the globe. The concept of environmental justice centers on the fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens, ensuring that all individuals, regardless of their race, socioeconomic status, or geographical location, have equal access to a clean and healthy environment. As students studying environmental science, it is vital to delve into the realm of environmental justice and explore its multifaceted dimensions. One powerful way to do so is through research papers that shed light on various aspects of environmental justice and propose solutions to the challenges faced.

This page aims to provide a comprehensive resource for students in the field of environmental science who are interested in writing research papers on environmental justice. Whether you are exploring this topic for the first time or seeking to deepen your understanding of specific issues, this page will guide you through the process of choosing compelling environmental justice research paper topics, offering expert advice on effective research methodologies, and providing insights on how to structure and write an impactful environmental justice research paper.

The field of environmental justice encompasses a broad range of topics, including but not limited to pollution disparities, environmental racism, indigenous rights, climate justice, and sustainable development. By delving into these areas, you can contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding environmental justice and play a role in advocating for a more equitable and sustainable world.

As environmental science students, you possess a unique opportunity to make a difference through your research. By studying environmental justice and shedding light on its complexities, you can contribute to the development of evidence-based policies, raise awareness among communities, and drive positive change. This page will serve as your guide, equipping you with the necessary tools, knowledge, and inspiration to embark on a meaningful research journey focused on environmental justice.

Throughout this page, you will find valuable resources, expert advice, and practical tips to assist you in selecting an impactful research paper topic, conducting rigorous research, and effectively communicating your findings. Additionally, we will introduce you to the writing services offered by iResearchNet, which provide expert assistance and support in crafting custom environmental justice research papers tailored to your unique requirements.

Choosing an Environmental Justice Research Topic

Choosing the right environmental justice research paper topic is a critical step in your journey to explore and address the complexities of environmental justice issues. To help you in this process, we have compiled expert advice and practical tips to guide your selection. By following these recommendations, you can ensure that your research paper tackles a relevant and impactful aspect of environmental justice. Consider the following tips:

• Identify your area of interest : Start by reflecting on your personal interests within the field of environmental justice. Consider environmental justice research paper topics that resonate with you, whether they relate to climate change, pollution, indigenous rights, urban planning, or other related areas. Engaging with a topic you are passionate about will enhance your motivation and dedication to the research process.
• Stay informed : Keep yourself updated on current environmental justice issues through reputable sources such as academic journals, policy reports, and news articles. This will help you identify emerging environmental justice research paper topics and gaps in the existing literature, allowing you to contribute new insights and perspectives.
• Narrow down your focus : Environmental justice is a broad field, so it is important to narrow down your focus to a specific aspect or dimension. This could be based on geographic location, affected communities, policy frameworks, or specific environmental challenges. A focused research question will enable you to delve deeper into the topic and provide a more comprehensive analysis.
• Conduct preliminary research : Before finalizing your research topic, conduct preliminary research to gain a better understanding of the existing literature and identify any gaps or areas that require further investigation. This will inform your research question and help you refine your topic.
• Engage with diverse perspectives : Environmental justice encompasses various social, economic, and political dimensions. Consider incorporating diverse perspectives into your research by examining different stakeholder viewpoints, marginalized communities, or international perspectives. This will provide a more comprehensive understanding of environmental justice issues.
• Consider interdisciplinary approaches : Environmental justice is inherently interdisciplinary, as it intersects with fields such as sociology, political science, economics, and law. Explore opportunities to integrate insights from different disciplines into your research to offer a holistic perspective on the topic.
• Collaborate with experts : Engage with professors, mentors, or professionals who specialize in environmental justice. Seek their guidance in refining your research topic, accessing relevant resources, and connecting with experts in the field. Collaborative discussions can provide valuable insights and help shape your research direction.
• Assess feasibility : Evaluate the feasibility of your research topic in terms of data availability, research methods, and time constraints. Ensure that you have access to relevant data sources, methodologies to analyze the data, and sufficient time to conduct your research effectively.
• Consider real-world implications : Environmental justice research should have practical implications and contribute to positive change. Assess how your research can inform policy development, influence community actions, or contribute to environmental justice movements. Aim for research that goes beyond academic exploration and has tangible impacts.
• Seek feedback : Share your research topic and ideas with peers, professors, or experts in the field. Seek their feedback and suggestions to refine your topic and ensure its relevance and significance. Incorporating multiple perspectives will strengthen the quality and impact of your research.

By considering these expert tips, you will be equipped with the necessary guidance to select a compelling and meaningful environmental justice research paper topic. Remember, the topic you choose will shape the direction and impact of your research, so invest time and thought into this crucial step. Embrace the opportunity to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on environmental justice and strive to make a positive difference in the lives of affected communities.

How to Write an Environmental Justice Research Paper

Writing an environmental justice research paper requires careful planning, organization, and a deep understanding of the subject matter. To help you navigate this process and produce a high-quality research paper, we have compiled a list of ten practical tips. By following these guidelines, you can effectively convey your ideas, analyze complex issues, and contribute to the field of environmental justice. Consider the following tips:

• Define your research question : Start by clearly defining your research question or objective. This will provide a focused direction for your paper and guide your research efforts. Ensure that your research question is specific, concise, and relevant to the field of environmental justice.
• Conduct a literature review : Before diving into your research, conduct a comprehensive literature review to familiarize yourself with the existing knowledge and research gaps in the area of environmental justice. This will help you situate your work within the broader context and identify key themes, theories, and methodologies that have been employed in previous studies.
• Gather and analyze data : Environmental justice research often involves collecting and analyzing various types of data, including quantitative data, qualitative data, and case studies. Depending on your research question, determine the most appropriate data collection methods and analytical tools to support your analysis.
• Consider ethical considerations : Environmental justice research often involves working with marginalized communities or studying sensitive environmental justice research paper topics. Take into account ethical considerations, such as informed consent, privacy, and confidentiality, when conducting research. Ensure that your research adheres to ethical guidelines and safeguards the rights and well-being of the participants.
• Adopt an interdisciplinary approach : Environmental justice issues are complex and multifaceted, requiring an interdisciplinary approach. Draw insights from various disciplines such as environmental science, sociology, law, policy studies, and economics. Integrate different perspectives to gain a holistic understanding of the issues at hand.
• Use appropriate research methodologies : Select research methodologies that align with your research question and objectives. This could include qualitative methods such as interviews, focus groups, or case studies, or quantitative methods such as surveys or statistical analysis. Justify your choice of methodology and ensure its appropriateness for your research.
• Structure your paper effectively : Organize your research paper into logical sections, including an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, analysis, and conclusion. Ensure a clear and coherent flow of ideas throughout the paper, with each section contributing to the overall argument or research objective.
• Provide critical analysis : In an environmental justice research paper, it is essential to provide critical analysis of the data and literature. Evaluate the strengths and limitations of existing studies, identify gaps in knowledge, and propose new insights or alternative approaches to addressing environmental justice issues.
• Support your arguments with evidence : Use empirical evidence, data, and scholarly sources to support your arguments and claims. Cite relevant research studies, reports, and legal documents to strengthen the credibility of your analysis. Ensure proper citation and referencing using the appropriate style guide (e.g., APA, MLA).
• Consider policy implications: Environmental justice research often has policy implications. Discuss the potential policy recommendations or interventions that arise from your findings. Consider how your research can inform decision-making processes, advocate for social justice, or contribute to the development of more equitable environmental policies.

By following these tips, you can navigate the process of writing an environmental justice research paper with confidence. Remember to maintain a clear focus, critically analyze the literature and data, and contribute new insights to the field. With careful planning and rigorous research, your paper can make a valuable contribution to the understanding and advancement of environmental justice.

Custom Research Paper Writing Services

When it comes to writing an environmental justice research paper, we understand that students may face various challenges. The intricacies of the subject, the extensive research required, and the pressure to deliver a high-quality paper can be overwhelming. That’s why iResearchNet is here to support you. Our writing services provide a convenient and reliable solution for students seeking assistance with their environmental justice research papers. By ordering a custom paper from us, you can benefit from the expertise of our degree-holding writers and ensure a well-crafted and comprehensive research paper. Here are thirteen features of our writing services that make us the ideal choice for your environmental justice research paper:

• Expert degree-holding writers : We have a team of highly qualified writers who specialize in environmental science and related fields. They possess advanced degrees and have extensive experience in conducting research and writing academic papers.
• Custom written works : Every research paper we deliver is 100% original and tailored to your specific requirements. Our writers follow your instructions and conduct in-depth research to produce a unique and customized paper.
• In-depth research : Our writers are skilled in conducting thorough research on environmental justice topics. They have access to a wide range of scholarly resources and databases, ensuring that your paper is well-researched and based on credible sources.
• Custom formatting : We adhere to different formatting styles, including APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, and Harvard. Our writers are familiar with these formatting guidelines and ensure that your paper meets the specified style requirements.
• Top quality : We strive for excellence in every aspect of our writing services. Our writers are committed to delivering high-quality papers that meet academic standards and demonstrate critical thinking, analytical skills, and a deep understanding of environmental justice issues.
• Customized solutions : We understand that each research paper is unique, and we tailor our services to your specific needs. Whether you require assistance with topic selection, data analysis, or literature review, we can provide customized solutions to meet your requirements.
• Flexible pricing : We offer competitive and flexible pricing options to accommodate different budgets. We understand that students often have financial constraints, and we strive to provide affordable services without compromising on quality.
• Short deadlines : We are equipped to handle tight deadlines, with the ability to deliver research papers in as little as three hours. Our writers are skilled in working efficiently without compromising on the quality and depth of research.
• Timely delivery : We understand the importance of timely submission, and we prioritize delivering your paper on time. You can rely on us to meet your deadlines and ensure that you have sufficient time to review the paper before submission.
• 24/7 support : Our customer support team is available round the clock to assist you with any queries or concerns. Whether you have questions about the ordering process or need updates on your paper, our dedicated support team is ready to help.
• Absolute privacy : We prioritize the privacy and confidentiality of our clients. Rest assured that your personal information and the details of your order will be treated with the utmost confidentiality.
• Easy order tracking : Our user-friendly platform allows you to easily track the progress of your order. You can communicate directly with your assigned writer, provide additional instructions, and stay updated on the status of your paper.
• Money-back guarantee : We are confident in the quality of our services. In the rare event that you are not satisfied with the delivered paper, we offer a money-back guarantee, ensuring your satisfaction and peace of mind.

With our comprehensive writing services, you can trust iResearchNet to deliver a custom environmental justice research paper that meets your academic requirements and exceeds your expectations. Place your order today and let our expert writers provide you with the assistance you need to excel in your studies.

Take the Next Step Towards Academic Success

Are you ready to take your environmental justice research paper to the next level? Don’t let the challenges of the writing process hold you back. Place your trust in iResearchNet’s writing services and let us help you achieve your academic goals. With our expert writers, customized solutions, and commitment to top quality, we are the ideal choice for students seeking assistance with their environmental justice research papers.

Once you’ve placed your order, we will assign a dedicated writer who specializes in environmental science and environmental justice. You will have the opportunity to communicate directly with your writer, discussing your ideas, providing additional materials, and ensuring that your paper reflects your unique perspective.

Don’t let the complexities of writing an environmental justice research paper deter you from achieving success. Place your order today and let our writing services support you in your academic journey. With iResearchNet, you can trust that your research paper will be in the hands of professionals who are dedicated to your success.

Unlock your potential and elevate your research papers with iResearchNet’s custom writing services. Order now and experience the difference we can make in your academic pursuits.

ORDER HIGH QUALITY CUSTOM PAPER

Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

Read our research on:

Full Topic List

Regions & Countries

• Publications
• Our Methods
• Short Reads
• Tools & Resources

Read Our Research On:

About 1 in 4 U.S. teachers say their school went into a gun-related lockdown in the last school year

Twenty-five years after the mass shooting at Columbine High School in Colorado , a majority of public K-12 teachers (59%) say they are at least somewhat worried about the possibility of a shooting ever happening at their school. This includes 18% who say they’re extremely or very worried, according to a new Pew Research Center survey.

Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to better understand public K-12 teachers’ views on school shootings, how prepared they feel for a potential active shooter, and how they feel about policies that could help prevent future shootings.

To do this, we surveyed 2,531 U.S. public K-12 teachers from Oct. 17 to Nov. 14, 2023. The teachers are members of RAND’s American Teacher Panel, a nationally representative panel of public school K-12 teachers recruited through MDR Education. Survey data is weighted to state and national teacher characteristics to account for differences in sampling and response to ensure they are representative of the target population.

We also used data from our 2022 survey of U.S. parents. For that project, we surveyed 3,757 U.S. parents with at least one child younger than 18 from Sept. 20 to Oct. 2, 2022. Find more details about the survey of parents here .

Here are the questions used for this analysis , along with responses, and the survey methodology .

Another 31% of teachers say they are not too worried about a shooting occurring at their school. Only 7% of teachers say they are not at all worried.

This survey comes at a time when school shootings are at a record high (82 in 2023) and gun safety continues to be a topic in 2024 election campaigns .

Teachers’ experiences with lockdowns

About a quarter of teachers (23%) say they experienced a lockdown in the 2022-23 school year because of a gun or suspicion of a gun at their school. Some 15% say this happened once during the year, and 8% say this happened more than once.

High school teachers are most likely to report experiencing these lockdowns: 34% say their school went on at least one gun-related lockdown in the last school year. This compares with 22% of middle school teachers and 16% of elementary school teachers.

Teachers in urban schools are also more likely to say that their school had a gun-related lockdown. About a third of these teachers (31%) say this, compared with 19% of teachers in suburban schools and 20% in rural schools.

Do teachers feel their school has prepared them for an active shooter?

About four-in-ten teachers (39%) say their school has done a fair or poor job providing them with the training and resources they need to deal with a potential active shooter.

A smaller share (30%) give their school an excellent or very good rating, and another 30% say their school has done a good job preparing them.

Teachers in urban schools are the least likely to say their school has done an excellent or very good job preparing them for a potential active shooter. About one-in-five (21%) say this, compared with 32% of teachers in suburban schools and 35% in rural schools.

Teachers who have police officers or armed security stationed in their school are more likely than those who don’t to say their school has done an excellent or very good job preparing them for a potential active shooter (36% vs. 22%).

Overall, 56% of teachers say they have police officers or armed security stationed at their school. Majorities in rural schools (64%) and suburban schools (56%) say this, compared with 48% in urban schools.

Only 3% of teachers say teachers and administrators at their school are allowed to carry guns in school. This is slightly more common in school districts where a majority of voters cast ballots for Donald Trump in 2020 than in school districts where a majority of voters cast ballots for Joe Biden (5% vs. 1%).

What strategies do teachers think could help prevent school shootings?

The survey also asked teachers how effective some measures would be at preventing school shootings.

Most teachers (69%) say improving mental health screening and treatment for children and adults would be extremely or very effective.

About half (49%) say having police officers or armed security in schools would be highly effective, while 33% say the same about metal detectors in schools.

Just 13% say allowing teachers and school administrators to carry guns in schools would be extremely or very effective at preventing school shootings. Seven-in-ten teachers say this would be not too or not at all effective.

How teachers’ views differ by party

Republican and Republican-leaning teachers are more likely than Democratic and Democratic-leaning teachers to say each of the following would be highly effective:

• Having police officers or armed security in schools (69% vs. 37%)
• Having metal detectors in schools (43% vs. 27%)
• Allowing teachers and school administrators to carry guns in schools (28% vs. 3%)

And while majorities in both parties say improving mental health screening and treatment would be highly effective at preventing school shootings, Democratic teachers are more likely than Republican teachers to say this (73% vs. 66%).

Parents’ views on school shootings and prevention strategies

In fall 2022, we asked parents a similar set of questions about school shootings.

Roughly a third of parents with K-12 students (32%) said they were extremely or very worried about a shooting ever happening at their child’s school. An additional 37% said they were somewhat worried.

As is the case among teachers, improving mental health screening and treatment was the only strategy most parents (63%) said would be extremely or very effective at preventing school shootings. And allowing teachers and school administrators to carry guns in schools was seen as the least effective – in fact, half of parents said this would be not too or not at all effective. This question was asked of all parents with a child younger than 18, regardless of whether they have a child in K-12 schools.

Like teachers, parents’ views on strategies for preventing school shootings differed by party. 

Note: Here are the questions used for this analysis , along with responses, and the survey methodology .

About half of Americans say public K-12 education is going in the wrong direction

What public k-12 teachers want americans to know about teaching, what’s it like to be a teacher in america today, race and lgbtq issues in k-12 schools, from businesses and banks to colleges and churches: americans’ views of u.s. institutions, most popular.

1615 L St. NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 USA (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax (+1) 202-419-4372 |  Media Inquiries

Research Topics

• Age & Generations
• Coronavirus (COVID-19)
• Economy & Work
• Family & Relationships
• Gender & LGBTQ
• Immigration & Migration
• International Affairs
• Internet & Technology
• Methodological Research
• News Habits & Media
• Non-U.S. Governments
• Other Topics
• Politics & Policy
• Race & Ethnicity
• Email Newsletters

ABOUT PEW RESEARCH CENTER  Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of  The Pew Charitable Trusts .

Copyright 2024 Pew Research Center

Terms & Conditions

Privacy Policy

Cookie Settings

Reprints, Permissions & Use Policy

Paper: To understand cognition--and its dysfunction--neuroscientists must learn its rhythms

Thought emerges and is controlled in the brain via the rhythmically and spatially coordinated activity of millions of neurons, scientists argue in a new article. understanding cognition and its disorders requires studying it at that level.

Thought emerges and is controlled in the brain via the rhythmically and spatially coordinated activity of millions of neurons, scientists argue in a new article. Understanding cognition and its disorders requires studying it at that level.

It could be very informative to observe the pixels on your phone under a microscope, but not if your goal is to understand what a whole video on the screen shows. Cognition is much the same kind of emergent property in the brain . It can only be understood by observing how millions of cells act in coordination, argues a trio of MIT neuroscientists. In a new article , they lay out a framework for understanding how thought arises from the coordination of neural activity driven by oscillating electric fields -- also known as brain "waves" or "rhythms."

Historically dismissed solely as byproducts of neural activity, brain rhythms are actually critical for organizing it, write Picower Professor Earl Miller and research scientists Scott Brincat and Jefferson Roy in Current Opinion in Behavioral Science . And while neuroscientists have gained tremendous knowledge from studying how individual brain cells connect and how and when they emit "spikes" to send impulses through specific circuits, there is also a need to appreciate and apply new concepts at the brain rhythm scale, which can span individual, or even multiple, brain regions.

"Spiking and anatomy are important but there is more going on in the brain above and beyond that," said senior author Miller, a faculty member in The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory and the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT. "There's a whole lot of functionality taking place at a higher level, especially cognition."

The stakes of studying the brain at that scale, the authors write, might not only include understanding healthy higher-level function but also how those functions become disrupted in disease.

"Many neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, epilepsy and Parkinson's involve disruption of emergent properties like neural synchrony," they write. "We anticipate that understanding how to interpret and interface with these emergent properties will be critical for developing effective treatments as well as understanding cognition."

The emergence of thoughts

The bridge between the scale of individual neurons and the broader-scale coordination of many cells is founded on electric fields, the researchers write. Via a phenomenon called "ephaptic coupling," the electrical field generated by the activity of a neuron can influence the voltage of neighboring neurons, creating an alignment among them. In this way, electric fields both reflect neural activity but also influence it. In a paper in 2022, Miller and colleagues showed via experiments and computational modeling that the information encoded in the electric fields generated by ensembles of neurons can be read out more reliably than the information encoded by the spikes of individual cells. In 2023 Miller's lab provided evidence that rhythmic electrical fields may coordinate memories between regions.

At this larger scale, in which rhythmic electric fields carry information between brain regions, Miller's lab has published numerous studies showing that lower-frequency rhythms in the so-called "beta" band originate in deeper layers of the brain's cortex and appear to regulate the power of faster-frequency "gamma" rhythms in more superficial layers. By recording neural activity in the brains of animals engaged in working memory games the lab has shown that beta rhythms carry "top down" signals to control when and where gamma rhythms can encode sensory information, such as the images that the animals need to remember in the game.

Some of the lab's latest evidence suggests that beta rhythms apply this control of cognitive processes to physical patches of the cortex, essentially acting like stencils that pattern where and when gamma can encode sensory information into memory, or retrieve it. According to this theory, which Miller calls "Spatial Computing," beta can thereby establish the general rules of a task (for instance, the back and forth turns required to open a combination lock), even as the specific information content may change (for instance, new numbers when the combination changes). More generally, this structure also enables neurons to flexibly encode more than one kind of information at a time, the authors write, a widely observed neural property called "mixed selectivity." For instance, a neuron encoding a number of the lock combination can also be assigned, based on which beta-stenciled patch it is in, the particular step of the unlocking process that the number matters for.

In the new study Miller, Brincat and Roy suggest another advantage consistent with cognitive control being based on an interplay of large-scale coordinated rhythmic activity: "Subspace coding." This idea postulates that brain rhythms organize the otherwise massive number of possible outcomes that could result from, say, 1,000 neurons engaging in independent spiking activity. Instead of all the many combinatorial possibilities, many fewer "subspaces" of activity actually arise, because neurons are coordinated, rather than independent. It is as if the spiking of neurons is like a flock of birds coordinating their movements. Different phases and frequencies of brain rhythms provide this coordination, aligned to amplify each other, or offset to prevent interference. For instance, if a piece of sensory information needs to be remembered, neural activity representing it can be protected from interference when new sensory information is perceived.

"Thus the organization of neural responses into subspaces can both segregate and integrate information," the authors write.

The power of brain rhythms to coordinate and organize information processing in the brain is what enables functional cognition to emerge at that scale, the authors write. Understanding cognition in the brain, therefore, requires studying rhythms.

"Studying individual neural components in isolation -- individual neurons and synapses -- has made enormous contributions to our understanding of the brain and remains important," the authors conclude. "However, it's becoming increasingly clear that, to fully capture the brain's complexity, those components must be analyzed in concert to identify, study, and relate their emergent properties."

• Nervous System
• Brain Tumor
• Psychology Research
• Birth Defects
• Brain-Computer Interfaces
• Neuroscience
• Intelligence
• Brain Injury
• Multiple sclerosis
• Personality disorder
• Mirror neuron
• Functional neuroimaging
• Social cognition

Story Source:

Materials provided by Picower Institute at MIT . Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference :

• Earl K Miller, Scott L Brincat, Jefferson E Roy. Cognition is an emergent property . Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences , 2024; 57: 101388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101388

Cite This Page :

Explore More

• How 3D Printers Can Give Robots a Soft Touch
• Combo of Multiple Health Stressors Harming Bees
• Methane Emission On a Cold Brown Dwarf
• Remarkable Memories of Mountain Chickadees
• Predicting Future Marine Extinctions
• Drain On Economy Due to Climate Change
• 'Tube Map' Around Planets and Moons
• 'Bizarre' Evolutionary Pattern: Homo Lineage
• Largest Known Marine Reptile
• Neolithic Humans Lived in Lava Tube Caves

Trending Topics

Strange & offbeat.

• MyU : For Students, Faculty, and Staff

Fall 2024 CSCI Special Topics Courses

Cloud computing.

Meeting Time: 09:45 AM‑11:00 AM TTh  Instructor: Ali Anwar Course Description: Cloud computing serves many large-scale applications ranging from search engines like Google to social networking websites like Facebook to online stores like Amazon. More recently, cloud computing has emerged as an essential technology to enable emerging fields such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Machine Learning. The exponential growth of data availability and demands for security and speed has made the cloud computing paradigm necessary for reliable, financially economical, and scalable computation. The dynamicity and flexibility of Cloud computing have opened up many new forms of deploying applications on infrastructure that cloud service providers offer, such as renting of computation resources and serverless computing.    This course will cover the fundamentals of cloud services management and cloud software development, including but not limited to design patterns, application programming interfaces, and underlying middleware technologies. More specifically, we will cover the topics of cloud computing service models, data centers resource management, task scheduling, resource virtualization, SLAs, cloud security, software defined networks and storage, cloud storage, and programming models. We will also discuss data center design and management strategies, which enable the economic and technological benefits of cloud computing. Lastly, we will study cloud storage concepts like data distribution, durability, consistency, and redundancy. Registration Prerequisites: CS upper div, CompE upper div., EE upper div., EE grad, ITI upper div., Univ. honors student, or dept. permission; no cr for grads in CSci. Complete the following Google form to request a permission number from the instructor ( https://forms.gle/6BvbUwEkBK41tPJ17 ).

CSCI 5980/8980 

Machine learning for healthcare: concepts and applications.

Meeting Time: 11:15 AM‑12:30 PM TTh  Instructor: Yogatheesan Varatharajah Course Description: Machine Learning is transforming healthcare. This course will introduce students to a range of healthcare problems that can be tackled using machine learning, different health data modalities, relevant machine learning paradigms, and the unique challenges presented by healthcare applications. Applications we will cover include risk stratification, disease progression modeling, precision medicine, diagnosis, prognosis, subtype discovery, and improving clinical workflows. We will also cover research topics such as explainability, causality, trust, robustness, and fairness.

Registration Prerequisites: CSCI 5521 or equivalent. Complete the following Google form to request a permission number from the instructor ( https://forms.gle/z8X9pVZfCWMpQQ6o6  ).

Visualization with AI

Meeting Time: 04:00 PM‑05:15 PM TTh  Instructor: Qianwen Wang Course Description: This course aims to investigate how visualization techniques and AI technologies work together to enhance understanding, insights, or outcomes.

This is a seminar style course consisting of lectures, paper presentation, and interactive discussion of the selected papers. Students will also work on a group project where they propose a research idea, survey related studies, and present initial results.

This course will cover the application of visualization to better understand AI models and data, and the use of AI to improve visualization processes. Readings for the course cover papers from the top venues of AI, Visualization, and HCI, topics including AI explainability, reliability, and Human-AI collaboration.    This course is designed for PhD students, Masters students, and advanced undergraduates who want to dig into research.

Registration Prerequisites: Complete the following Google form to request a permission number from the instructor ( https://forms.gle/YTF5EZFUbQRJhHBYA  ). Although the class is primarily intended for PhD students, motivated juniors/seniors and MS students who are interested in this topic are welcome to apply, ensuring they detail their qualifications for the course.

Visualizations for Intelligent AR Systems

Meeting Time: 04:00 PM‑05:15 PM MW  Instructor: Zhu-Tian Chen Course Description: This course aims to explore the role of Data Visualization as a pivotal interface for enhancing human-data and human-AI interactions within Augmented Reality (AR) systems, thereby transforming a broad spectrum of activities in both professional and daily contexts. Structured as a seminar, the course consists of two main components: the theoretical and conceptual foundations delivered through lectures, paper readings, and discussions; and the hands-on experience gained through small assignments and group projects. This class is designed to be highly interactive, and AR devices will be provided to facilitate hands-on learning.    Participants will have the opportunity to experience AR systems, develop cutting-edge AR interfaces, explore AI integration, and apply human-centric design principles. The course is designed to advance students' technical skills in AR and AI, as well as their understanding of how these technologies can be leveraged to enrich human experiences across various domains. Students will be encouraged to create innovative projects with the potential for submission to research conferences.

Registration Prerequisites: Complete the following Google form to request a permission number from the instructor ( https://forms.gle/Y81FGaJivoqMQYtq5 ). Students are expected to have a solid foundation in either data visualization, computer graphics, computer vision, or HCI. Having expertise in all would be perfect! However, a robust interest and eagerness to delve into these subjects can be equally valuable, even though it means you need to learn some basic concepts independently.

Sustainable Computing: A Systems View

Meeting Time: 09:45 AM‑11:00 AM  Instructor: Abhishek Chandra Course Description: In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the pervasiveness, scale, and distribution of computing infrastructure: ranging from cloud, HPC systems, and data centers to edge computing and pervasive computing in the form of micro-data centers, mobile phones, sensors, and IoT devices embedded in the environment around us. The growing amount of computing, storage, and networking demand leads to increased energy usage, carbon emissions, and natural resource consumption. To reduce their environmental impact, there is a growing need to make computing systems sustainable. In this course, we will examine sustainable computing from a systems perspective. We will examine a number of questions:   • How can we design and build sustainable computing systems?   • How can we manage resources efficiently?   • What system software and algorithms can reduce computational needs?    Topics of interest would include:   • Sustainable system design and architectures   • Sustainability-aware systems software and management   • Sustainability in large-scale distributed computing (clouds, data centers, HPC)   • Sustainability in dispersed computing (edge, mobile computing, sensors/IoT)

Registration Prerequisites: This course is targeted towards students with a strong interest in computer systems (Operating Systems, Distributed Systems, Networking, Databases, etc.). Background in Operating Systems (Equivalent of CSCI 5103) and basic understanding of Computer Networking (Equivalent of CSCI 4211) is required.

• Future undergraduate students
• Future transfer students
• Future graduate students
• Future international students
• Diversity and Inclusion Opportunities
• Learn abroad
• Living Learning Communities
• Mentor programs
• Programs for women
• Student groups
• Visit, Apply & Next Steps
• Information for current students
• Departments and majors overview
• Departments
• Undergraduate majors
• Graduate programs
• Integrated Degree Programs
• Additional degree-granting programs
• Online learning
• Academic Advising overview
• Academic Advising FAQ
• Academic Advising Blog
• Appointments and drop-ins
• Academic support
• Commencement
• Four-year plans
• Honors advising
• Policies, procedures, and forms
• Career Services overview
• Resumes and cover letters
• Jobs and internships
• Interviews and job offers
• CSE Career Fair
• Major and career exploration
• Graduate school
• Collegiate Life overview
• Scholarships
• Diversity & Inclusivity Alliance
• Anderson Student Innovation Labs
• Information for alumni
• Get engaged with CSE
• Upcoming events
• CSE Alumni Society Board
• Alumni volunteer interest form
• Golden Medallion Society Reunion
• 50-Year Reunion
• Alumni honors and awards
• Outstanding Achievement
• Alumni Service
• Distinguished Leadership
• Honorary Doctorate Degrees
• Nobel Laureates
• Alumni resources
• Alumni career resources
• Alumni news outlets
• CSE branded clothing
• International alumni resources
• Inventing Tomorrow magazine
• Update your info
• CSE giving overview
• Why give to CSE?
• College priorities
• Give online now
• External relations
• Giving priorities
• Donor stories
• Impact of giving
• Ways to give to CSE
• Matching gifts
• CSE directories
• Invest in your company and the future
• Recruit our students
• Connect with researchers
• K-12 initiatives
• Diversity initiatives
• Research news
• Give to CSE
• CSE priorities
• Corporate relations
• Information for faculty and staff
• Administrative offices overview
• Office of the Dean
• Academic affairs
• Finance and Operations
• Communications
• Human resources
• Undergraduate programs and student services
• CSE Committees
• CSE policies overview
• Academic policies
• Faculty hiring and tenure policies
• Finance policies and information
• Graduate education policies
• Human resources policies
• Research policies
• Research overview
• Research centers and facilities
• Research proposal submission process
• Research safety
• Award-winning CSE faculty
• National academies
• University awards
• Honorary professorships
• Collegiate awards
• Other CSE honors and awards
• Staff awards
• Performance Management Process
• Work. With Flexibility in CSE
• K-12 outreach overview
• Summer camps
• Outreach events
• Enrichment programs
• Field trips and tours
• CSE K-12 Virtual Classroom Resources
• Educator development
• Sponsor an event