case study planning class 12

CBSE Class 12 Case Studies In Business Studies – Planning

PLANNING Planning: Definition Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do, when to do and who has to do it. Thus, it involves setting objectives and developing an appropriate course of action to achieve those objectives.

Features of Planning

Planning focuses on achieving objectives by deciding upon the activities to be undertaken.
Planning is a primary function as it precedes all functions of management i.e. organising, staffing, directing& controlling.
Planning is pervasive as it is required at all the levels of management but its scope may vary.
Planning is continuous as plans need to be made on a continuous basis till an organisation exists.
P lanning is futuristic as it seeks to meet future events effectively to the best advantage of an organisation. Planning is, therefore, called a forward looking function.
Planning involves decision-making as it involves rational thinking to choose the best alternative among the various available alternatives in order to achieve the desired goals efficiently and effectively.
Planning is a mental exercise as it is based on intellectual thinking involving foresight, visualisation and judgement rather than guess work.

Importance of Planning

Planning provides direction as it acts as a guide for deciding what course of action should be taken to attain the organisational goals.
Planning reduces the risk of uncertainty arising due to the dynamic nature of business environment as it enables a manager to anticipate and meet changes effectively.
Planning reduces overlapping & wasteful activities as it serves as the basis for coordinating the activities and efforts of different divisions and individuals.
Planning promotes innovation as it encourages new ideas that can take shape of concrete plans.
Planning facilitates decision making as it enables a manager to choose the best alternative course ‘of action among the various available alternatives in light of present and future conditions.
Planning establishes standards for controlling. Planning provides standards against which the actual performance is measured and timely corrective actions the taken.

TYPES OF PLANNING On the basis of use and duration

Single use plans are the ones that are formulated to deal with new or non-repetitive situations that may arise in an organisation from time-to-time. For example- programmes, budgets and projects.
Standing plans refer to the another type of plans which once formulated may be used for a long period of time in similar or repetitive situations that may prevail in an organisation. For example—objectives, strategies, policies, methods, procedures and rules.

On th basis of what a plan seeks to achieve

Objectives are the end results of the activities that an organisation seeks to achieve through its existence.
A strategy is a comprehensive plan for achieving the objectives of the organisation.
Policy is a set of general guidelines that help in managerial decision making and action.
Method refers to the prescribed ways or manner in which a task has to be performed considering the objective.
Procedure refers to a series of specific steps to be performed in a chronological order to carry out the routine activities.
Budget refers to a financial plan that is expressed in numerical terms.
Rule is a specific statement relating to the general norms in terms of Do’s and Don’ts that guide the behaviour of people. It commands strict obedience and a penalty is likely to be imposed on its violation.
Programme is a comprehensive plan that contains detailed statements about a project which outlines the objectives, policies, procedures, rules and method and the budget to implement any course of action.

Steps Involved in the Planning Process

Setting clear, specific and measurable objectives for the entire organisation and each department or unit within the organisation.
D eveloping Premises which reflect the assumptions about the future that the manager is required to make since the future is uncertain.
Identifying alternative courses of action through which the desired goals can be achieved.
Evaluating alternative courses to analyse the relative pros and cons of each alternative in light of their feasibility and consequences.
Selecting an alternative or a combination of plans which appears to be most feasible.
Implement the plan with the help of a strategy.
Follow up action in order to monitor the plans to ensure that the desired objectives are achieved efficiently and effectively.

Limitations of Planning

Planning leads to rigidity as plans are drawn in advance and managers may not be in a position to change them in the light of changed conditions.
Planning may not work ina dynamic environment as through planning, everything cannot be foreseen.
Planning reduces creativity as the top management undertakes planning of various activities whereas the middle managers are neither allowed to deviate from plans nor are they permitted to act on their own.
Planning involves huge costs in terms of time and money required to undertake scientific calculations and sometimes it may not justify the benefits derived from it.
Planning is a time consuming process and sometimes there is not much time left for implementation of the plans.
Planning does not guarantee success because it is not always essential that if a plan has worked before, it will work again, as things may change. This kind of complacency and false sense of security may actually lead to failure instead of success of a business.

LATEST CBSE QUESTIONS

Question 1. State any three points of importance of planning function of management. (CBSE, Delhi 2017) Answer: The three points indicating the importance of planning is described below:

Reduces the risk of uncertainty: Planning relates to deciding in advance about the tasks to be performed in future. This enables a manager to anticipate changes and devise the way to deal with changes and uncertain events effectively.
Planning promotes innovative ideas: Planning is one of the basic managerial functions. Before doing something, the manager must formulate an idea of how to work on a particular task. Thus, planning is closely connected with creativity and innovation. It is the most challenging activity for the management as it guides all future actions leading to growth and prosperity of the business.
Avoiding overlapping and wasteful activities: Planning ensures clarity in thought and action and serves as the basis of coordinating the activities and efforts of different individuals and departments. Therefore, by curtailing useless and redundant activities it helps in smooth working of the organisations work is without interruptions. Moreover, it makes detection of inefficiencies easier so that timely corrective measures may be taken to avoid them in future.

Question 2. Give the meaning of ‘objectives’ and ‘budget’ as types of plans. (CBSE, Delhi 2017) Answer:

Objectives: Objectives are the end results of the activities that an organisation seeks to achieve through its existence. All other activities within the organisation are directed towards achieving these objectives. Objectives are based on the mission or philosophy of the organisation. Objectives are determined by top level management. For example, the objectives of a newly started business is to earn 30% profit gn the amount invested in the first year.
Budget: A budget refers to a financial plan that is expressed in numerical terms. For example, the marketing manager prepared an area wise sales target for different products for the forthcoming quarter. It is a type of single use plan.

Question 3. State any three limitation of planning. (CBSE, Delhi 2017) Answer: The three limitations of planning are described below:

Planning may not work in a dynamic environment: The business environment is dynamic in nature. Every organisation has to constantly adapt itself to changes in its environment in order to survive and grow. However, it difficult to anticipate all the likely future changes in the environment with utmost accuracy. Hence, even with planning everything cannot be foreseen.
Planning reduces creativity: The top management undertakes planning of various activities whereas the other members are expected to merely implements these plans. This restricts the creativity of the middle managers as they are neither allowed to deviate from plans nor are they permitted to act on their own.
Planning involves huge costs: The process of planning involves huge cost in terms of time and money as detailed planning is based on a series of scientific calculations. Moreover it may include a number of related costs as well, like expenses on boardroom meetings, discussions with professional experts and preliminary investigations to find out the viability of the plan. As a result the expenses on planning may turn out to be much more than benefits derived from it.

Question 4. Give the meaning of ‘procedure’ and ‘rule’ as types of plans. (CBSE, Delhi 2017) Answer:

Procedure: A procedure contains a series of specific steps to be performed in a chronological order to carry out the routine activities. It is determined by lower and middle level management. It is a specific statement. There is no scope for managerial discretion. Procedure is framed to implement a policy. It is a type of standing plan.
Rule: A rule is a specific statement relating to the general norms in terms of Do’s and Don’ts that guide the behaviour of people. It commands strict obedience and a penalty is likely to be imposed on its violation. Rules help to maintain discipline. Rules are both specific and rigid. For example, No smoking, No Parking. It is a type of standing plan.

Question 5. State any three features of planning. (CBSE, Delhi 2017) Answer: The three features of planning are described below:

Planning is pervasive: Planning is not an special function, is equally essential at all levels of management. But the scope of planning varies at different levels and among different departments.
Planning involves decision-making: Planning essentially involves*-application of rational thinking to choose the best alternative among the various available alternatives in order to achieve the desired goals efficiently and effectively.
Planning is a primary function: Planning precedes all the functions of management i.e. organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. This refers to primacy of planning. Planning provides basis of all other functions.

Question 6. Give the meaning of ‘policy’ and ‘strategy’ as type of plans. (CBSE, Delhi 2017) Answer:

Policy: Policy are general statements that guide managerial decision making. If is determined by top level management. It is a general statement. It provides scope for managerial discretion. Policies are framed to achieve the objectives of an organisation. They all guides in implementing the strategy. It is a type of standing plan.
Strategy: A strategy is a comprehensive plan prepared for winning over the given challenge or problem. A strategy is based on the objectives of the organisation. A strategy may be determined by top level or middle level management.

Question 7. Give the meaning of ‘ Objective’ and ‘Procedure’ as types of plans. (CBSE, OD 2017) Answer:

Objectives: Objectives are the end results of the activities that an organisation seeks to achieve through its existence. All other activities within the organisation are directed towards achieving these objectives. Objectives are based on the mission or philosophy of the organisation. Objectives are determined by top level management. For example, the objectives of a newly started business is to earn 30% profit on the amount invested in the first year.

Question 8. Give the meaning of ‘Strategy’ and ‘Rule’ as types of plans. (CBSE, OD 2017) Answer:

Strategy: A strategy is a comprehensive plan prepared for winning over the given challenge or problem. It is based on the objectives of the organisation. It may be determined by top level or middle level management.
Rule: Rules are specific statements that tell people what should or should not be done. Violation of Rules may lead to imposition of penalties. Rules help to maintain discipline. Rules are both specific and rigid. For example, No smoking, No Parking. It is a type of standing plan.

Question 9. Super Fine Rice Ltd. has the largest share of 55% in the market. The company’s policy is to sell only for cash. In 2015, for the first time company’s number one position in the industry has been threatened because other companies started selling rice on credit* also. But the managers of Super Fine Rice Ltd. continued to rely on it’s previously tried and tested successful plans which didn”t work because the environment is not static. This led to decline in sales of Super Fine Rice Ltd. The above situation is indicating two limitations of planning which led to decline in it sales. Identify these limitations. (CBSE, Sample Paper, 2017) Answer: The two limitations of planning which led to decline in it sales are:

Planning does not guarantee success.
Planning may not work in dynamic environment.

Question 10. State the main aspects in the concept of planning. (CBSE, Sample Paper, 2017) Answer: The concept of planning primarily involves three aspects namely;

Setting objectives in clear specific and measurable terms for a given period of time.
Identifying the various alternative courses of action which may be adopted to achieve the objectives.
Selecting the best possible alternative course of action from among the various courses of action available.

Question 11. Laxmi Chemicals Ltd., a soap manufacturing company, wanted to increase its market share from 30% to 55% in the long-run. A recent report submitted by the Research & Development Department of the company had predicted a growing trend of herbal and organic products. On the basis of this report, the company decided to diversify into new variety of soaps with natural ingredients having benefits and fragrances of Jasmine, Rose, Lavender, Mogra, Lemon Grass, Green Apple, Strawberry etc. The Unique Selling Proposition (USP) was to promote eco-friendly living in the contemporary life style. The company decided to allocate t 30 crores to achieve the objective. Identify the type of one of the functions of management mentioned above which will help the company to acquire dominant position in the market. (CBSE, Sample Paper 2016) Answer: Strategy is the type of plan which will help the company to acquire dominant position in the market.

Question 12. Suhasini, a home science graduate from a reputed college, has recently done a cookery course. She wished to start her own venture with a goal to provide ‘health food’ at reasonable prices. She discussed her idea with her teacher (mentor) who encouraged her. After analysing various options for starting her business venture, they short listed the option to sell ready made and ‘ready to make’ vegetable shakes and sattu milk shakes. Then, they weighed the pros and cons of both the short listed options.

Name the function of management being discussed above and give any one of its characteristics.
Also briefly discuss any three limitations of the function discussed in the case. (CBSE, Sample Paper 2016)
Planning is the function of management which is being discussed above. Planning involves decision-making: Planning essentially involves application of rational thinking to choose the best alternative among the various available alternatives in order to achieve the desired goals efficiently and effectively.
Planning may not work in a dynamic environment: The business environment is dy¬namic in nature. Every organisation has to constantly adapt itself to changes in its environment in order to survive and grow. However, it is difficult to anticipate all the likely future changes in the environment with utmost accuracy. Hence, even with planning, everything cannot be foreseen.
Planning reduces creativity: The top management undertakes planning of various activities whereas the other members are expected to merely implement these plans. This restricts the creativity of the middle level managers as they are neither allowed to deviate from plans nor are they permitted to act on their own.
Planning involves huge costs: The process of planning involves huge cost in terms of time and money as detailed planning is based on a series of scientific calculations. Moreover, it may include a number of related costs as well, like expenses on boardroom meetings, discussions with professional experts and preliminary investigations to find out the viability of the plan. As a result, the expenses on planning may turn out to be much more than benefits derived from it.

Question 13. Two years ago, Madhu completed her degree in food technology. She worked for sometime in a company that manufactured chutneys, pickles and murabbas. She was not happy in the company and decided to have her own organic food processing unit for the same. She set the objectives and the targets and formulated an action plan to achieve the same. One of her objectives was to earn 10% profit on the amount invested in the first year. It was decided that raw materials like fruits, vegetables, spices, etc. will be purchased on three months credit from farmers cultivating only organic crops. She also decided to follow the steps required for marketing of the products through her own outlets. She appointed Mohan as the Production Manager who decided the exact manner in which the production activities were to be carried out. Mohan also prepared a statement showing the number of workers that will be required in the factory throughout the year. Madhu informed Mohan about her area wise sales target for different products for the forthcoming quarter. While working on the production table, a penalty of ? 100 per day for not wearing caps, gloves and apron was announced. Quoting lines from the above paragraph, identify and explain the different types of plans discussed. (CBSE, Delhi 2016) Answer: The different types of plans discussed above are listed below:

Objectives: Objectives are the end results of the activities that-an organisation seeks to achieve through its existence. All other activities within the organisation are directed towards achieving these objectives. “One of her objectives was to earn 10% profit on the amount invested in the first year.”
Policy: A policy is a set of general guidelines that helps in managerial decision making and action. “It was decided that the raw materials like fruits, vegetables, spices, etc. will be purchased on three months credit from farmers cultivating only organic crops.”
Procedure: A procedure contains a series of specific steps to be performed in a chronological order to carry out the routine activities. “She also decided to follow the steps required for marketing of the products through her own outlets.” “The exact manner in which the production activities are to be carried out.”
Rule: A rule is a specific statement relating to the general norms in terms of Do’s and Dont’s that guide the behaviour of people. It commands strict obedience and a penalty is likely to be imposed on its violation. “While working on the production table, a penalty of ? 100 per day for not wearing caps, gloves and aprons was announced.”
Budget: A budget refes to a financial plan that is expressed in numerical terms. “Mohan also prepared a statement showing the number of workers different products for the forthcoming quater.”

Question 14. Two years ago, Mayank obtained a degree in food technology. For some time, he worked in a company that manufactured bread and biscuits. He was not happy in the company and decided to have his own bread and biscuits manufacturing unit. For this, he decided the objectives and the targets, and formulated an action plan to achieve the same. One of his objectives was to earn 50% profits on the amount invested in the first year. It was decided that raw materials like flour, sugar, salt, etc. will be purchased on two months credit. He also decided to follow the steps required for marketing the products through his own outlets. He appointed Harsh as the Production Manager who decided the exact manner in which the production activities were to be carried out. Harsh also prepared a statement showing the requirement of workers in the factory throughout the year. Mayank informed Harsh about his are a wise sales target for different products, for the forthcoming quarter. While working on the production table, a penalty of ?150 per day was announced for not wearing the helmet, gloves and apron by the workers. Quoting lines from the above paragraph, identify and explain the different types of plans discussed. (CBSE, OD 2016) Answer: The different types of plans discussed above are listed below:

Objectives: Objectives are the end results of the activities that an organisation seeks to achieve through its existence. All other activities within the organisation are directed towards achieving these objectives. “One of her objectives was to earn 50% profit on the amount invested in the first year.”
Policy: A policy is a set of general guidelines that help in managerial decision making and action. “It was decided that the raw materials like flour, wheat, sugar, etc. will be purchased on two months credit.”
Method: A method refers to the prescribed ways or manner in which a task has to be performed considering the objective. “..decided the exact manner in which production activities were to be carried out.”
Procedure: A procedure contains a series of specific steps to be performed in a chronological order to carry out the routine activities. “He also decided to follow the steps required for marketing of the products through his own outlets.”
Rule: A rule is a specific statement relating to the general norms in terms of Do’s and Dont’s that guide the behaviour of people. It commands strict obedience and a penalty is likely to be imposed on its violation. “While working on the production table, a penalty of Rs. 150 per day was announced for not wearing helmets, gloves and aprons by the workers.”

Question 15. Rahul, a worker, is given a target of assembling two computers per day. Due to his habit of doing things differently, an idea struck him which would not only reduce the assembling time of computers but would also reduce the cost of production of the computers. Instead of appreciating him, Rahul’s supervisor ordered him to complete the work as per the methods and techniques decided earlier as nothing could be changed at that stage. The above paragraph describes one of the limitations of the planning function of management. Name and explain that limitation. (CBSE, Delhi Comptt. 2011) Answer: The limitation of the planning function of management described in the above paragraph is that ‘planning reduces creativity.’ The top management undertakes planning of various policies and procedures whereas the other members are expected to merely implement these plans. This restricts the creativity of the middle level managers as they are neither allowed to deviate from plans, nor permitted to act on their own.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Question 1. Josh Ltd. is a one of the largest two-wheeler manufacturer in India. It has a market share of about 42% in the two-wheeler category. The company had witnessed almost a 35% drop in the booking as the currency crunch was prompting people to withhold new purchases due to demonetisation. Therefore, the production manager of the company had decided to align production to factor in slower sales in the market. In context of the above case:

Identify and explain the function of management being discussed in the above lines.
Which limitations of the function of management as identified in part (a) of the question was the production manager trying to overcome due to demonetisation?
Planning is the function of management which is being discussed in the above lines. Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do, when to do and who has to do it. Thus, it involves setting objectives and developing an appropriate course of action to achieve these objectives.
Planning may not work in dynamic environment

Question 2. The term demonetisation has become a household name since the government pulled the old Rs. 500 and Rs. 1,000 notes out of circulation in November 2016. Prior to the year 2016, the Indian government had demonetised bank notes on two prior occasions—once in the year 1946 and then again in the year 1978. In both cases, the purpose was to combat tax evasion by ‘black money’. Identify the types of one of the functions of management being discussed in the above lines. Answer: Objective and Strategy

Question 3. The arrangement to demonetise the ? 500 and ?1000 bank notes began six to ten months prior to the public announcement and was kept highly confidential. The cabinet was informed about the demonetisation on 8th November 2016 in a meeting called by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi. This was followed by Modi’s public announcement about the demonetisation in a televised address where he announced that currency notes with the denomination of ? 500 and ? 1000 would cease to be the legal tender from 9th of November 2016. The most interesting thing regarding the demonetisation is that people were devising various unique ways for transforming their black money in to white one by depositing money in the accounts of their poor relatives and friends, converting black money in to gold, paying a few months salaries in advance and so on. In context of the above case: Identify and explain the types of plans being discussed in the above lines with regard to demonetisation. Answer: The various types of plans being discussed in the above lines with regard to demonetisation are detailed below:

Procedure: It is a series of chronological steps which are performed to do a particular activity.
Rule: A rule is a specific statement relating to the general norms in terms of Do’s and Don’ts that guide the behaviour of people.

Question 4. Flipkart is an e-commerce company founded in the year 2007 by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal. The company is registered in Singapore, but has its headquarters in Bangaluru, India. The company seeks to increase traffic (more clicks on their products) and boost sales and revenue through integration of Mobile Apps, Display, Pay Per Click and Search Engine Optimization. In order to dispel the fear of people related to shopping online, Flipkart was the first company to implement the popular ‘Cash on Delivery’ facility. All the products sold by the company under a particular category may have different return/replacement period. Flipkart allows multiple payment options such as cash on delivery, credit or debit card transactions, net banking, e-gift voucher and card swipe on delivery. The company operates both ways when an order is received. The products for which it holds inventory are dispatched by it directly. For the products they do not store in inventory, they just send the order received by them to the supplier who ships it. The company plans to spend about ? 75 crores on e-Commerce advertising in the year 2016. Flipkart reserves the right to terminate your membership and/or refuse to provide you with access to the website if it is brought to Flipkart’s notice or if it is discovered that you are under the age of 18 years. This is because as per the Indian Contract Act, 1872, the minors, un-discharged insolvents, etc. are not eligible to use the website. In context of the above case, identify and explain the different types of plans being used by Flipkart by quoting lines from the paragraph. Answer: The different types of plans being used by Flipkart are listed below:

Objectives: Objectives are the end results of the activities that an organisation seeks to achieve through its existence. All other activities within the organisation are directed towards achieving these objectives. “The company seeks to increase traffic (more clicks on their products) and boost sales and revenue through integration of Mobile Apps, Display, Pay Per Click and Search Engine Optimization.”
determining long term objectives
adopting a particular course of action
allocating resources necessary to achieve the objective. “In order to dispel the fear of people related to shopping online, Flipkart was the first company to implement the popular ‘Cash On Delivery’ facility.”
Policy: A policy is a siet of general guidelines that help in managerial decision making and action. “All the products sold by the company under a particular category may have different return/replacement period.”
Method: A method refers to the prescribed ways or manner in which a task has to be performed considering the objective. “Flipkart allows multiple payment options such as cash on delivery, credit or debit card transactions, net banking, e-gift voucher and card swipe on delivery.”
Procedure: A procedure contains a series of specific steps to be performed in a chronological order to carry out the routine activities. “The company operates both ways when an order is received. The products for which it holds inventory are dispatched by it directly. For the products they do not store in inventory, they just send the order received by them to the supplier who ships it.”
Budget: A budget refers to a financial plan that is expressed in – numerical terms. “The company plans to spend about ? 75 crores on e-commerce advertising in the year 2016.”
Rule: A rule is a specific statement relating to the general norms in terms of Do’s and Don’ts that guide the behaviour of people. It commands strict obedience and a penalty is likely to be imposed on its violation. “Flipkart reserves the right to terminate your membership and/or refuse to provide you with access to the Website if it is brought to Flipkart’s notice or if it is discovered that you are under the age of 18 years. This is because as per the Indian Contract Act, 1872, the minors, un-discharged insolvents etc. are not eligible to use the Website.”

Question 5. Rajender has been running a successful business of manufacturing traditional wedding wear for women including sarees and lehengas. His friend Surinder who is engaged in the business of providing web designing solutions to his clients, suggests him to explore the option of selling his products online. Rajender agrees to his suggestion and decides to venture into online business, keeping in view the various e-commerce regulations in order to avoid imposition of any penalty. In order to facilitate the sale of his products, Rajender decides to offer multiple payment options such as cash on delivery, credit or debit card transactions, net banking to the buyers etc. In context of the above case:

Identify the two different types of plans mentioned in the above paragraph that relate to the online portal that Rajinder intends to startby quoting lines from the paragraph.
Distinguish between the two types of plans as identified in part (a).
Rule: “Rajender agrees to his suggestion and decides to venture into online business keeping in view the various e-commerce regulations in order to avoid imposition of any penalty.”
Method: “However, he decides to offer multiple payment options such as cash on delivery, credit or debit card transactions, net banking to the buyers etc.”

Question 6. Wazir Ahmed joins ‘Ashiyana Ltd.’ a company dealing in real estate, as a human resource manager. Through a series of interactions with his team during lunch breaks, he comes to know that quite a few managers at middle and senior levels have recently left the organisation as their promotions were overdue. Therefore, in order to reinstate the confidence of the staff, he lays out a clear cut plan consisting of a set of general guidelines for both time bound and performance related appraisals of the mangers at all levels. Moreover, he develops standardized processes containing a series of steps specified in a chronological order for its implementation. In context of the above case:

Identify the two different types of plans that Wazir Ahmed proposes to implement in order to reinstate the confidence of the staff by quoting lines from the paragraph.
Distinguish between the two types of plans as identified in part (a).
Policy and Procedure are the two different types of plans that Wazir Ahmed proposes to implement in order to reinstate the confidence of the staff. Policy: “… he lays out a clear cut plan consisting of a set of general guidelines for both time bound and performance related appraisals of the mangers at all levels.” Procedure: “Moreover, he develops standardized processes containing a series of steps specified in a chronological order for its implementation.”
The difference between Policy and Procedure is outlined below:

Question 7. ‘Apna Ghar/ a company dealing in consumer durables, plans to increase the sale of its products by 25% around Diwali this year. Moreover, in order to cash on the implementation of the seventh pay commission by that time, which is likely to raise the income of 47 lakh serving employees of the Central government and 52 lakh pensioners, the company has created 30 advertisement films which will be aired across 85 national and regional channels until Diwali. In context of the above case:

Identify the two different types of plans that ‘Apna Ghar’ proposes to implement by quoting lines from the paragraph.
Distinguish between the two types of plans as identified in part(i).
Objective and Strategy are the two different types of plans that ‘Apna Ghar’ proposes to implement. Objective: “Apna Ghar’, a company dealing in consumer durables, plans to increase the sale of its products by 25% around Diwali this year.” Strategy: “Moreover, in order to cash on the implementation of the seventh pay commission by that time which is likely to raise the income of 47 lakh serving employees of the Central government and 52 lakh pensioners, the company has created 30 advertisement films which will be aired across 85 national and regional channels until Diwali.”
The difference between objectives and strategy is outlined below:

Question 8. After completing a diploma in Bakery and Patisserie, Payai sets up a small outlet at Goa Airport to provide a healthy food option to the travellers. To begin with, she has decided to sell five types of patties, three types of pizzas and low sugar muffins in four flavours. Thus, by deciding in advance what to do and how to do, she is able to reduce the risk of uncertainty and avoid overlapping and wasteful activities. But sometimes her planning does not work due to some unavoidable circumstances like cancellation of flights due to bad weather conditions, government alert etc. which adversely affects her clientele. In context of the above case:

Identify and explain the points highlighting the importance of planning mentioned in the above paragraph.
Describe briefly the limitation of planning which adversely affects Payal’s business
Reduces the risk of uncertainty: Planning relates to deciding in advance about the tasks to be performed in future. This enables a manager to anticipate changes and devise the ways to deal with changes and uncertain events effectively.
Avoiding overlapping and wasteful activities: Planning ensures clarity in thought and action and serves as the basis of coordinating the activities and efforts of different individuals and departments. Therefore, by curtailing useless and redundant activities, it helps in the smooth working of the organisation’s work without interruptions. Moreover, it makes detection of inefficiencies easier so that timely corrective measures may be taken to avoid them in future.
Planning may not work in a dynamic environment: The business environment is dynamic in nature. Every organisation has to constantly adapt itself to changes in its environment in order to survive and grow. However, it difficult to anticipate all the likely future changes in the environment with utmost accuracy. Hence, even with planning, everything cannot be foreseen.

Question 9. ‘Agile Ltd.’ is a well-known automobile manufacturing company in India. The company plans to increase the sale of its sedan cars by 20% in the next quarter. In order to achieve the desired target, the marketing team of the company considers the impact of policy of the government towards diesel vehicles and the level of competition in this segment of cars. They explore the various available options like offering more discount to dealers and customers, providing more customer friendly finance options, lucky draws on test drives, increasing advertising, offering more of free accessories on the purchase of the car, etc. A thorough analysis of the various available options is done keeping in view the relative viability of each option. The company decides to pursue the option of offering more discount to dealers and customers in order to boost the sale of sedan cars. In order to implement the plan, they determine the various discount packages and communicate the same to their product dealers. To make the prospective consumers aware about the new available benefits, advertisements are made through various sources of print and electronic media. The market analysts of the company keep a close watch on the revenue from the sedan cars to study the effect of new initiatives by the company to promote its sales. In context of the above case:

Name the function of management described in the above paragraph.
Identify and explain the various steps involved in process the function of management as identified in part (a) by quoting lines from the paragraph.
Planning is the function of management which is being described in the above paragraph.
Setting objectives: The planning process is initiated by setting the objectives in clear, specific and measurable terms. The objectives may be set for the organization as a whole and for each department or unit within the organization. “The company plans to increase the sale of its sedan cars by 20% in next quarter.”
Developing Premises: Planning process is carried out keeping in view the assumptions related to the future, which is uncertain. These assumptions are called premises and may relate to government policy, interest rate, inflation, etc. Accurate forecasts are therefore essential for successful planning. “In order to achieve the desired target the marketing team of the company considers the impact of policy of the government towards diesel vehicles and level of competition in this segment of cars.” .
Identifying alternative courses of action: The next step in the planning process involves identification of the various ways in which the goals can be achieved. “They explore the various available options like offering more discount to dealers and customers, providing more customer friendly finance options, lucky draws on test drives, increasing advertising, offering more of free accessories on the purchase of the car, etc.”
Evaluating alternative courses: In order to select the best option, the relative positive and negative aspects of each alternative should be evaluated in the light of their feasibility and consequences. “A thorough analysis of the various available options is done keeping in view the relative viability of each option.”
Selecting an alternative: The best plan is adopted to achieve the desired goals. Sometimes, a combination of plans may be selected instead of one best course of action. “The company decides to pursue the option of offering more discount to dealers and customers in order to boost the sale of sedan cars.”
Implement the plan: This step is concerned with putting plans into action. “In order to implement the plan, they determine the various discount packages and communicate the same to their product dealers. To make the prospective consumers aware about the new available benefits, advertisements are made through various sources of print and electronic media.”
Follow up action: Monitoring of plans is equally important to ensure that objectives are achieved efficiently and effectively. “The market analysts of the company keep a close watch on the revenue from the sedan cars to study the effect of new initiatives by the company to promote its sales.”

Question 10. Arush joins as a sales manager of a company dealing in naturotherapy products. Being proficient in his work, he knew that without good planning he will not be able to organise, direct, control or perform any of the other managerial functions efficiently and effectively. Only on the basis of sales forecasting, he would assist in the preparation of the annual plans for its production and sales. Besides, he will have to prepare sales plans regularly on weekly, monthly, quarterly and half yearly basis. While preparing the sales forecasts, he undertakes intellectual thinking involving foresight, visualization and issued judgement rather than wishful thinking or guess work. Most importantly, all these planning activities will be meaningful only if they will coincide with the purpose fob which the business is being carried out. In context of the above case, identify the various features of planning highlighted in the above paragraph by quoting lines from it. Answer: The features of planning highlighted in the above paragraph are explained below:

Planning is a primary function: Planning precedes all the functions of management i.e. organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. This refers to primacy of planning. Planning provides the basis of all other functions. “… without good planning he will not be able to organise, direct, control or perform any of the other managerial functions efficiently and effectively. “
Planning is futuristic: Planning is called a forward looking function as it enables an organization to meet future events effectively. “Only on the basis of sales forecasting, he would assist in the preparation of the annual plans for its production and sales.”
Planning is continuous: Plans need to be continuously made, implemented and followed by another plan and so on till an organization exists “Besides, he will have to prepare sales plans regularly on weekly, monthly, quarterly and half yearly basis.”
Planning is a mental exercise: Planning is done on the basis of rational thinking involving foresight, visualization and issued judgement rather than wishful thinking or guess work. “While preparing the sales forecasts, he undertakes intellectual thinking involving foresight, visualisation and issued judgement rather than wishful thinking or guess work.”
Planning focuses on achieving objectives: Planning is a purposeful activity as it contributes to the achievement of predetermined goals of the organisation both efficiently and effectively. “Most importantly, all these planning activities will be meaningful only if they will coincide with the purpose for which the business is being carried out.”

Question 11. Holistic Education Public School in Bahadurgarh decides to implement the literacy programme of the government in the school. It is decided that within the year, the forty five support staff employees of the school will be made literate by the school counsellors and social workers. In order to enhance the learning process, the school decides to use audio-visual aids. To start the programme, the school has to first procure the literacy books from State Resource Centre at Jamia. Besides the curriculum, each literacy book contains a series of nine tests which the volunteers have to get completed by the learners during the programme. Moreover, by implementing the plan of ‘each one teach one’, each student of the school from classes fifth to tenth will be encouraged to make one person literate. The student volunteers may select a learner by adopting any one of the two ways; either from the slum areas adopted by the school or on their own within the vicinity of their residence. As per the norms of the Delhi Government, it is mandatory for the volunteers to send back the filled copy of only the ninth test paper in the series to the authorities as a conclusive proof of the completion of the course, else the certificate of commendation will not be awarded to them. Considering the implementation of the programme to be a part of its corporate social responsibility initiative, the school has decided to spend around Rs. 50,000 on the distribution of free stationery items, refreshments of the learners, etc. In context of the above case:

Identify the various types of plans being used by Holistic Education Public School in order to implement the literacy programme in their school by quoting the lines from the paragraph.
Categorise the various types of plans as identified in part (a) into single use plans and standing plans.
Objectives: “It is decided that within the year, all the forty five support staff employees of the school will be made literate by the school counsellors and social workers.”
Strategy: “In order to enhance the learning process, the school decides to use audio visual aids.”
Policy: “Moreover, by implementing the plan of ‘each one teach one,’ each student of the school from classes fifth to tenth will be encouraged to make one person literate.”
Procedure: “To start the programme the school has to first procure the literacy books from State Resource Centre at Jamia. Besides the curriculum, each literacy book contains a series of nine tests which the volunteers have to get completed by the learners during the programme.”
Method: “The student volunteers may select a learner by adopting any one of the two ways; either from the slum areas adopted by the school or on their own within the vicinity of their residence.”
Rule: “As per the norms of the Delhi Government, it is mandatory for the volunteers to send back the filled copy of only the ninth test paper in the series to the authorities as a conclusive proof of the completion of the course, else the certificate of commendation will not be awarded to them.”
Budget: “Considering the implementation of the programme to be a part of its corporate social responsibility initiative, the school has decided to spend around ? 50,000 on the distribution of free stationery items, refreshments of the learners, etc.”
Single use plans are the ones that are formulated to deal with new or non-repetitive situations that may arise in an organisation from time to time. This includes programmes, budgets and projects. Standing plans refer to the types of plans which once formulated may be used for a long period of time in similar or repetitive situations that may prevail in an organisation. These include objectives, strategies, policies, procedures methods and rules.

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Case Studies - Planning | Business Studies (BST) Class 12 - Commerce PDF Download

Q.2. Suhasini a home science graduate from a reputed college has recently done a cookery course. She wished to start her own venture with a goal to provide ‘health food’ at reasonable price. She discussed her idea with her teacher (|mentor) who encouraged her. After analyzing various options for starting her business venture, they shortlisted the option to sell ready made and ‘ready to make’ vegetable shakes and sattu milk shakes. Then they both weighed the pros and coris of both the shortlisted optins.

Name the function of management being discussed above and give any one of its characteristics.
Also briefly discuss any three limitations the function discussed in the case. (5 marks)

Ans. Planning.

Characteristic of planning

Planning focuses on achieving objectives

Limitation of planning

Planning leads to rigidity:
Planning reduces creativity:
Planning is a time-consuming process:

Q.3. A company is manufacturing garments. The manager wants to increase profits by purchasing new high speed machines or increasing the sale price or using waste material in manufacturing stuffed toys. He decided that ‘using waste material’ to increase the profit is the best solution for him.

Identify the concept of management involved.
Mention the steps involved in the above process by quoting the line from the question.
To complete the process of the concept identified in (a), what two next steps does the manager have to take? Explain.(6 marks)

Ans. The concept of management involved is PLANNING.

Steps involved are:

Setting objectives: increasing profits
Developing planning premises: making certain assumptions about future.
Identifying alternative courses of action:
Purchasing new high speed machines, or
Increasing the sale price, or
Using waste material in manufacturing stuffed toys
Evaluating alternatives and selecting an alternative:

Further steps to complete the process of planning:

Formulating derivate plans:
Implementing the plan and follow-up-action:

Q.4. Two year ago, Madhu completed her degree in food technology. She worked for sometime in a company that manufactured chutneys, pickles and murabbas. She was not happy in the company and decided to have her own organic food processing unit for the same. She set the objectives and the targets and formulated an action plan to achieve the same. One of her objectives was to earn 10% profit on the amount invested in the first year. It was decided that raw materials like fruits, vegetables, spices, etc. will be purchased on three months credit from farmers cultivating only organic crops. She also decided to follow the steps required for marketing of the products through her own outlets. She appointed Mohan as the Production Manager who decided that exact manner in which the production activities were to be carried out. Mohan also prepared a statement showing the number of workers that will be required in the factory throughout the year. Madhu informed Mohan about her area wise sales target for different products for the forthcoming quarter. While working on the production table, a penalty of Rs. 100 per day for not wearing caps, gloves and apron was announced. Quoting lines from the above paragraph, identify and explain the different types of plans discussed. Ans.

The different types of plan discussed above are listed below:

Objectives:

“One of her objectives was to earn 10% profit on the amount invested in the first year.”

“It was decided that the raw materials like fruits, vegetables, spices, etc. will be purchased on three months credit from farmers cultivating only organic crops.”

“The exact manner in which the production activities are to be carried out.”

“She also decided to follow the steps required for marketing of the products through her own outlets.”

“While working on the production Table, a penalty of Rs. 100 per day for not wearing caps, gloves and aprons was announced.”

Q.5. During partition, Kundan Lal came to Mumbai from Lahore with a lot of wealth. Keeping in view his innate ability to visualize and create things, he decided to work as a junior assistant in a film studio. Over a period of time, as he gained experience and his work was well acclaimed, he decided to set up his own film studio. Initially he was himself looking into every aspect of the business, but as his work increased manifolds and his own productivity reduced with age, he hired Jummy as manager. Jimmy being immature in his work started giving bookings for the studio haphazardly. He would never decide anything in advance or do any kind of forecasting of events. This led to lot of confusions and conflicts. As a result, the goodwill earned by Kundan Lal over the years began to decline.

In context of the above case:

Identify and explain the function of management which Jimmy failed to perform by quoting lines form the paragraph.
Describe briefly any two features of the function of management as identified in part (a).
Planning is the function of management which Jimmy failed to perform.

Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do, when to do and who has to do it.It is one of the basic managerial functions.Thus, it involves setting objectives and developing an appropriate course of action to achieve those objectives.

The two features of the planning function of management are as follows:
Planning is pervasive:
Planning involves decision-making:

Q.6. After completing a diploma in Bakery and Patisserie, Payal sets up a small outlet at Goa Airport to provide a healthy food option to the travellers. To begin with, she has decided to sell five types of patties, three type of pizzas and low sugar muffins in four flavours. Thus, by deviding in advance what to do and how to do, she is able to reduce the risk of uncertainty and avoid overlapping and wasteful activities. But sometimes her planning does not work due to some unavoidable circumstances like cancellation of flights due to bad weather conditions, government alert etc. which adversely affects her clientele.

Identify and explain the points highlighting the importance of planning mentioned in the above paragraph.
Describe briefly the limitation of planning which adversely affects Payal’s business.
Reduces the risk of uncertainty:
Avoiding overlapping and wasteful activities:
The limitation of planning which adversely affects Payal’s business is:
Planning may not work in a dynamic environment:

Q.7. Rahul, a worker, is given a target of assembling two computers per day. Due to his habit of doing things differently, an idea struck him which would not only reduce the assembling time of computers but would also reduce the cost of production of the computers. Rahul’s supervisor instead of appreciating him, ordered him to complete the work as per the methods and techniques decided earlier as nothing could be changed at that stage.

The above para describes one of the limitation of planning function of management. Name that limitation. (1 mark)

Ans. Planning reduces creativity.

Q.8. ABC Ltd. has a plan of increasing profits by 20%. It has devoted a lot of time and money to this plan. But the competition starts increasing, so it could not change its plan to b eat its competitors because huge amount of money had already been devoted to the pre-decided plan. It caused losses to the company.

Explain any two limitations of planning highlighted in the above case. Also, quote the lines from it . (4 marks)

‘ABC Ltd. has devoted a lot of time and money to its plan.’

Planning is a time consuming process. It also involves huge costs.

‘The competition starts increasing, so it could not change its plan to beat its competitors because huge amount of money had already been devoted to the pre-decided plan.’

Planning leads to rigidity. Following a pre-decided plan, when circumstances change, may not turn out to be in the organization’s interest.

Q.9. In ‘Chak De India’ movie, Shahrukh Khan becomes the coach of the girls’ hockey team. He knows that he has to prepare the girls for the international hockey matches and bring the world cup after winning. For this he prepares a long-team plan and thinks the ways how to bet the competitors. He coaches the girls to play in different ways like defensive, offensive, etc. at the outset of a match he explains who will open the match, and how the ball will be passed by one player to another step by step.

Identify four types of plan that are highlighted in the above case, quoting the lines from it. ( 4 marks)

Objective ‘…bring the world cup after winning.’
Strategy ‘For this he prepares long-term plan and thinks the ways how to beat the competitors.’
Method ‘He coaches the girls to play in different ways like defensive, offensive, etc.’
Procedure ‘At the outset of a match he explains who will open the match, and how the ball will be passed by one player to another step by step.’

Q.10. Flipkart is an e-commerce company founded in the year 2007 by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal. The company is registered in Singapore, but has its headquarters in Bangaluru, India. The company seeks to increase traffic (more clicks on their products) and boost sales and revenue through integration of Mobile Apps, Display, Pay Per Click and search Engine Optimization. In order to dispel the feat of people related to shopping online, Flipkart was the first company to implement to popular ‘Cash on Delivery’ facility. All the products sold by the company under a particular category may have different return/replacement period. Flipkart allows multiple payment options such as cash on delivery, credit or debit card transactions, net banking, e-gift voucher and card swipe on delivery. The company operates both ways when an order is received. The products for which it holds inventory are dispatched by it directly. For the products they do not store in inventory, they just send the order received by them to the supplier who ships it. The company plans to spend about Rs. 75 crores on e-Commerce advertising in the year 2016. Flipkart reserves the right to terminate your membership and/or refuse to provide you with access to the website if it is brought to Flipkart’s notice or if it iis discovered that you are under the age of 18 years. This is because as per the Indian contract Act, 1872, the minors, un-discharged insolvents, etc. are not eligible to use the website. In context of the above case, identify and explain the different types of plans being used by Flipkart by quoting lines the paragraph. Ans. The different types of plans being used by Flipkart are listed below:

“The company seeks to increase traffic (more clicks on their products) and boost sales and revenue through integration of Mobiles Apps, Display, Pay Per Click and Search engine Optimization.”

“In order to dispel to fear of people related to shopping online, Flipkart was the first company to implement the popular ‘Cash On Delivery’ facility.”

“All the products sold by the company under a particular category may have different return/replacement period.”

“Flapkart allows multiple payment options such as cash on delivery, credit or debit card transactions, net banking, e-gift voucher and card swipe on delivery.”

“The company operataes both ways when an order is received.The products for which it holds inventory are dispatched by it directly.For the products they do not store in inventory, they just send the order received by them to the supplier who ships it.”

“The company plans to spend about Rs. 75 crores on e-Commerce advertising in the year 2016.

Flipkart reserves the right to terminate your membership and/or refuse to provide you with access to the Website if it is brought to Flipkart’s notice or if it is discovered that you are under the age of 18 years.This is because as per the Indian Contract Act, 1872, the minors, un-discharged insolvents etc. are not eligible to use the Website.”

Q.11. An electronic company is facing a problem of declining market share due to increased competition from other new and existing players in the market. Its competitors are introducing lower price models for mass consumers who are price sensitive. For quality conscious consumers, company is introducing new model LED TV and DVD players with added features and new technological advancements. For this, the company raises extra funds Rs. 5 crore form banks.

Name the type of plan the company is preparing. State the steps which the company follows to implement this plan quoting the line from the above para. (4 marks)

Ans. The type of plan needed to be prepared under this situation is ‘Strategy’.

Steps involved in preparing this plan are:

(i) Determining long-term objectives:

(ii) Adopting a particular course of action:

(iii) Allocating resources necessary to achieve the objectives:

Q. 12. Arush joins as a sales manager of a company dealing in naturotherapy produces. Being proficient in his work, he knew that without good planning he will not be able to organise, direct, control or perform any of the other managerial functions efficiently and effectively. Only on the basis of sales forecasting, he would assist in the preparation of the annual plans for its production and sales. Besides, he will have to prepare sales plans regularly on weekly, monthly, quarterly and half yearly basis. While preparing the sales forecasts, he undertakes intellectual thinking involving foresight, visualization and issued judgement rather than wishful thinking or guess work. Most importantly, all these planning activities will be meaningful only if they will coincide with the purpose for which the business is being carried out.

In context of the above case, identify the various features of planning highlighted in the above paragraph by quoting lines from it.

Ans. The features of planning highlighted in the above paragraph are explained below:

Planning is a primary function: “… without good planning he will not be able to organise, direct, control or perform any of the other managerial functions efficiently and effectively.”
Planning is futuristic: “Only on the basis of sales forecasting, he would assist in the preparation of the annual plans for its production and sales.”
Planning is continuous: “Besides, he will have to prepare sales plans regularly on weekly, monthly, quarterly and half yearly basis.”
Planning is a mental exercise: “While p reparing the sales forecasts he undertakes intellectual thinking involving foresight, visualization and issued judgement rather than wishful thinking or guess work.”
Planning focuses on achieving objectives: “Most importantly, all these planning activities will be meaningful only if they will coincide with the purpose for which the business is being carried out.”

Q.13. Zyesha Ltd. is a company which manufactures leather bags. The CEO of the company wants to increase their sales and earn more profits. The consulted with a management consultant who suggested the top management of the company tow rok hard in thinking about the future in making business prediction and achieve the targets since the business environment keeps on changing whether in terms of technological improvement, shifts in consumer preferences or entry of new competitors in the market.

Identify and state the concept of management discussed in the para.
State the characteristic feature of business environment highlighted in the above para. (3 marks)

It involves setting objectives and developing appropriate course of action to achieve these objectives.Dreams (e.g. increase sales, earn more profits, etc.) can be turned into reality only if business managers think in advance on what to do and how to do it.

Business environment is dynamic as it keeps on changing.

Q.14. Lira Ltd. is a company manufacturing designer socks. While making its plan, the company takes into consideration the business environment. It constantly adapt itself to changes in environment by making changes in its plan. However, it becomes difficult for the managers of the company to accurately foresee future trends in the environment. Competition in the market upsets its financial plans; then sales targets have to be revise3d and, accordingly cash budgets also need to be modified since they are based on sales figures.

What characteristic features of business environment are highlighted in the above lines? State any two.
State and explain the limitation of planning highlighted in the above lines.
Identify any two types of plan mentioned in the above pare by quoting the lines from it. (6 marks)

1. (i) Business environment is dynamic as it keeps on changing.

(ii) Business environment is uncertain as it is difficult for the managers to accurately foresee future trends in the environment.

2. Planning may not work in a dynamic environment.

The organisation has to constantly adapt itself to changes in environment by making changes in its plans.However, since planning cannot foresee everything, there may be obstacles to effective planning.

3. (i) Strategy – ‘while making its plan, the company takes into consideration the business environment.’

(ii) Budget – ‘Competition in the market upsets its financial plans; then sales targets have to be revised and accordingly cash budgets also need to be modified since they are based on sales figures.”

Q.15. Pan Masala and Sons is a manufacturer of tobacco products. It decided to increase profits by at least 20% in the next quarter. It has many options:

To increase the working hours of labourers without additional payment.
To employ children from the local community.
To sell its products outside the schools and colleges.

It opted the (ii) and (iii) options to achieve the target.

Identify the function of management described in the above para.
State the steps of the process involved in the function of management identified in (a) quoting the lines from the above para.
State any two values neglected by the organisation (6 marks)
Steps involved in planning process:

(i) Setting organizational objectives:

(ii) Identifying and evaluating alternative courses of action:

(iii) Selecting the best possible alternatives(s):

Values neglected:
Child labour is banned.
Bad effect on students’ health
Moral values.

Q.16. A reputed car manufacturing company in NCR is facing the problem of decline in its market share due to its internal mismanagement. Therefore it has planned to increase its production capacity at its Gurgaon plant by manufacturing low price eco-friendly cars for price sensitive consumers and introducing new models with added features for quality conscious consumers. For this the company issues shares to the public and raises Rs. 150 crore.

The company purchases more machinery required to increase production.

Identify the type of plan the company is preparing.
State the steps involved in this plan quoting the lines from the above case.
State any one value which the company wants to communicate to the society. ( 5 marks)
Steps involved in preparing a strategy are:
Sensitivity towards environment
Socially responsible behavior

Q.17. ‘Agile Ltd.’ is a well-known automobile manufacturing company in India. The company plans to increase the sale of its sedan cars by 20% in the next quarter. In order to achieve the desired target, the marketing team of the company considers the impact of policy of the government towards diesel vehicles and the level of competition in this segment of cars. They explore the various available option like offering more discount to dealers and customers, providing more customer friendly finance options, lucky draws on test drives, increasing advertising, offering more of free accessories on the purchase of the car, etc. a thorough analysis of the various available options is done keeping in view the relative viability of each option. The company decides to pursue the option of offering more discount to dealers and customers in order to boost the sale of sedan cars. In order to implement the plan,, they determine the various discount packages and communicate the same to their product dealers. To make the prospective consumers aware about the new available benefits, advertisements are made through various sources of print and electronic media. The market analysts of the company keep a close watch on the revenue from the sedan cars to study the effect of new initiatives by the company to promote its sales.

Name the function of management described in the above paragraph.
Identify and explain the various steps involved in process the function of management as identified in part (a) by quoting lines from the paragraph.
Planning is the function of management which is being described in the above paragraph.
The various steps involved in the planning process are explained below:
Setting objectives: “The company plans to increase the sale of its sedan cars by 20% in next quarter.”
Developing Premises: “In order to achieve the desired target the marketing team of the company considers the impact of policy of the government towards diesel vehicles and level of competition in this segment of cars.”
Identifying alternative courses of action:“They explore the various available options like offering more discount to dealers and customers, providing more customer friendly finance options, lucky draws on test drives, increasing advertising, offering more of free accessories on the purchase of the case, etc.”
Evaluating alternative courses: “A thorough analysis of the various available options is done keeping in view the relative viability of each option.”
Selecting an alternative: “The company decides to pursue the option of offering more discount to dealers and customers in order to boost the sale of sedan car.”
Implement the plan: "In order to implement the plan, they determine the various discount packages and communicate the same to their product dealers.To make the prospective consumers aware about the new available benefits, advertisements are made through various sources of print and electronic media.”
Follow up action: “The market analysts of the company keep a close watch on the revenue from the sedan cars to study the effect of new initiatives by the company to promote its sales.”

Q.18. Palvinder, is working as a supervisor in Alpha Ltd. To achieve the target he wants to try a new method and different way of allocating the work. His superior did not permit him and forced him to do the work strictly as per the plan.

(i) Name the limitation of planning indicated in above case.

(ii) Name the value overlook by Palvinder’s superior.

‘Planning reduces creativity.’
Value of motivating and encouraging employee to increase initiative level.

Q.19. The management of ABC Ltd. set up the target of selling 10,000 units per week and made all their plans based on this target. But due to change in technology adapted by competitors which reduced their cost, the ABC Ltd. could not achieve their target.

(i) Identify the limitation of planning discussed in the above para.

(ii) State any other two limitations.

(i) Planning may not work in dynamic environment.

(ii) Any two limitations: 1. Planning reduces creativity 2. Planning involve huge cost.

Q.20. Alpha Ltd. spent a lot of money to hire specialized people for framing their plans and collecting important facts from environment. The company cut done their cost by cancelling the employee’s trip for recreation.

(i) Name the limitation of planning mentioned in above para.

(ii) Name the value overlook by management.

Limitation: ‘Planning involves huge cost.’
Value overlook: Psychological need of employees.

Q.21. ABC Ltd. announced a plan nobody would smoke in the organization premises and they further added that certain penalty will be imposed on employees, overlooking this.

(i) Name the type of plan related to above para.

(ii) Name the feature of that plan.

(iii) Name the values emphasized by the company.

(i) ‘Rule’ is the type of plan.

(ii) Rules are very Rigid.

(iii) Values: (a) Respect towards environment

(b) Follow discipline and order.

Q.22. Alpha Ltd. has a plan of increasing profit by 20%. The company spent lot of time and money to frame and implement this plan. The competition start increasing, so it could not change its plan to beat its competitors because huge amount of money is already spent. State any two limitations of planning.

(i) Planning involve huge cost.

(ii) Planning is time consuming.

(iii) Planning may not work in dynamic environment.

Q.23. ‘Natural disaster like floods in Gujarat has been responsible for failure of production and sales plans of Jindal Textile Industry.’ Which limitations of planning is highlighted in the given statement? State any three such limitations. (3)

Ans. External limitations of planning

Change in government policies (e.g. tax rates, bank rate, etc.) may lead to failure of planning.
Changes in the strategies of competitors also lead to failure of planning many tiems.
Rapid technological changes may affect planning.

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Planning Class 12 Notes CBSE Business Studies Chapter 4: Full Explanation
Revision Notes

Revision Notes for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 4 - Free PDF Download

Business Studies is a significant subject in the Class 12 Commerce syllabus. Studying this subject is very essential for those students who are willing to pursue a career in commerce, business management, chartered accountancy, business administration, etc. The 4 th chapter in this subject is Planning. It is extremely vital to learn this chapter and prepare a foundation of knowledge. This knowledge will then be used later to study subjects in advanced professional courses.

Vedantu has developed Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 4 revision notes in accordance with CBSE standards to make it simpler for students. To make your study plan more comfortable, you may access these notes at any moment. You may simply prepare the chapter and proceed to an advanced level by utilizing these notes as reference material. The topics clarified in these revision notes will increase your score. Why wait then? Check out the quality of the revision notes Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 4 and revise properly before an exam.

Download CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Revision Notes 2023-24 PDF

Also, check CBSE Class 12 Business studies revision notes for other chapters:

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Access Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 4 – Planning Notes

“Planning is an intellectual process, conscious determination of course of action, the basing of decision on purpose, facts and considered estimates.”

Koontz O'Donnell

Planning entails deciding what to accomplish and how to accomplish it ahead of time. It is a fundamental managerial function.

It entails establishing goals and devising strategies for achieving them.

The plan that is created must be completed within a certain time frame, yet time is a limited resource. It should be used with caution.

Importance of Planning

Planning Provides Directions: Planning provides guidance for action by defining how the task will be done in advance. Planning ensures that goals are clearly specified so that the best course of action may be devised. Once the strategies are in place, the department and individuals may work together.

Planning Reduces the Risk of Uncertainty: Planning is a task that allows the management to see into the future and predict changes. Changes and occurrences cannot be avoided, but managers may anticipate them and adapt their strategies accordingly by deciding plans and courses of action ahead of time.

Planning Reduces Overlapping and Wasteful Activities: The basis for coordinating the actions and efforts of several divisions, departments, and individuals is planning. It eliminates ineffective and unnecessary activities, prevents misunderstandings, and assures clarity of thinking and action.

Planning Promotes Innovative Ideas: The first role of management is planning. Managers are given the opportunity to generate fresh ideas, which can then be turned into tangible strategies. It directs all future actions that will lead to the company's growth and prosperity.

Planning Facilitates Decision Making: Setting goals and forecasting future situations are all part of planning, which aids in making sensible judgments among various options.

Planning Establishes Standards for Controlling: Planning establishes the benchmarks against which actual performance is assessed. As a result, planning is a must for controlling.

Features of Planning

Planning Focuses on Achieving Objectives: Organizations are formed with a certain goal in mind. The goals, general and specific as well as the strategies and activities to attain these goals, are established by organizations under the planning function.

Planning is a Primary Function of Management: Planning lays the groundwork for all other management tasks, without planning no other function can take place.

Planning is Pervasive: Planning is required in all types of organizations, at all the levels of management, as well as all the departments within the organization. Though at different levels and for different departments, the extent of planning varies.

Planning is Continuous: The planning cycle is linked to planning continuity. It indicates that a strategy is devised, implemented, and then followed by another strategy, and so on. Hence planning keeps on going, and is a never ending process.

Planning is Futuristic: The goal of planning is to efficiently meet future occurrences to an organization's benefit. Planning entails predicting future events and situations and making plans based on those predictions.

Planning Involves Decision Making: Choosing among a variety of options and activities is the essence of planning. There is no need to plan if there is just one conceivable aim or course of action because in that case no planning or decision making is required.

Planning is a Mental Exercise: Planning necessitates the use of the mind and foresight. Rather than guesswork, planning is an intellectual activity that necessitates logical and organized thought.

Limitations of Planning

Planning Leads to Rigidity: A well-defined plan is drawn up in an organization with specified goals to be reached within a specific time frame, but managers may not be able to amend it. Managers must be given some flexibility to react with changing conditions because the corporate environment is dynamic.

Planning May Not Work in a Dynamic Environment: Planning is based on anticipating future events, and because the future is unpredictable and dynamic, the organization must react to changes. However, planning will not be able to adequately predict future events.

Planning Reduces Creativity: Top management plans and intermediate management executes the plan, but they are not allowed to depart from the plan, limiting the creativity of these managers.

Planning Involves Huge Costs: The plan's formulation entails a significant financial investment. To determine data, detailed strategies necessitate scientific computations. The costs of preparation may not always be justified by the benefits gained.

Planning is Time Consuming: Many factors must be considered when developing a strategy, making it a lengthy process.

Planning Does Not Guarantee Success: Only carefully planned and implemented plans can lead to the success of a business. Managers are prone to implementing previously successful ideas, but a plan that worked in one context may not work in another.

Planning Process

Setting Objectives:

Specify the goals that the company wishes to attain.

Establish goals for the overall organization, as well as individual departments, units, and personnel. Clearly state the organization's objectives and define how all departments will contribute to the overall goals.

Objectives must be communicated to each unit and to personnel at all levels so that they are aware of how their actions contribute to the achievement of the goals.

Managers must engage in the goal-setting process and give ideas.

For example, setting sales goals, launching a new product, or expanding into new markets.

Developing Premises:

Because planning is a future-oriented activity and the future is uncertain, managers must make certain assumptions while creating organizational plans

These assumptions about the future are referred to as premises, and they serve as the foundation for creating plans.

All planning managers should be familiar with the same assumption, and they must all agree on it.

Internal and external factors that affect the planning are

External : Even a well-run corporation may not be able to survive in a terrible economy. Customers will spend less on sports, recreation, presents, luxury products, and new automobiles if they lose their employment or take positions that are barely enough to support them. Credit card interest rates that are too high can deter clients from spending. Although you can't control the economy, knowing how it works can help you detect risks and opportunities. Hence the firm needs to have a constant eye on the external environment.

Internal: Employees play a significant role in the internal environment of a firm. Whether they're creating code or selling things to strangers, the employees must be good at what they do. Managers must be capable of managing lower-level personnel as well as controlling other aspects of the workplace. Internal politics and disagreements can destroy a good organization, even if everyone is skilled and talented. Internal factors also includes suppliers, customers, etc.

Forecasting, for example, is a technique for accumulating data to create premises. For various goals, an organization employs numerous forecasts such as policy changes, new markets, product demand, and so on.

For successful plans, forecast accuracy is required.

Identifying Alternative Courses of Action:

After the objectives have been established, assumptions are formed, and different courses of action are chosen.

Managers must identify all possible courses of action for accomplishing the organization's objectives.

The course of action could be standard or novel. By integrating more people and sharing their ideas, an innovative course can be implemented.

For example, A business planned based on your idea, like a startup of a café is a smart establishment. This requires a populated area where school, colleges or offices are nearby in order to make it a profitable business.

Evaluating Alternative Courses of Action:

The next stage is to weigh the benefits and drawbacks of each prospective course of action.

Each proposal's positive and negative characteristics must be assessed considering the goals to be met.

For example, in financial decisions, the risk-return trade-off is critical. The larger the risk, the higher the return. To assess such suggestions, extensive calculations of earnings, taxes, earnings per share, and dividends are performed, followed by a judgement.

Selecting the Best Alternative:

From all the options, the best strategy is chosen and implemented.

The optimal strategy is the one that is the most practicable, profitable, and has the fewest drawbacks.

Because a mathematical analysis is not possible in most plans, the manager's expertise, judgement, and intuition play a vital part in determining the best viable option.

Rather than choosing the optimal option, a combination of plans may be chosen.

Implementing the Plan

In this step, the best plan is implemented, i.e. the plan is put into action.

Managers start organizing & assembling resources for implementing the plans.

For example, if output is to be increased, more labour and machinery will be necessary. This phase would also entail the hiring of more labour and the acquisition of new machinery.

Follow Up Action

It entails keeping track of the plans that have been implemented and ensuring that the actions are being carried out on time.

Continuous monitoring is required to identify deviations from plans, and corrective action is required to meet organizational goals.

Types of Plan

A plan is a commitment to taking a certain course of action to achieve specific goals. Depending on the use and length of the planning period, plans can be categoried into many types.

Single-use and standing plans are the two types of plans available.

Single Use Plan

A single-use plan is a set of instructions designed to handle a one-time only problem. It was created for a one-time endeavour or event with a single goal in mind.

A plan like this is made to satisfy the requirements of a certain situation.

A single usage plan's duration varies based on the type of project; for example, a single event plan may last one day, but a single project may last one week or months.

Single-use plans can't be reused because they're no longer useful once they've accomplished their goal. Budgets, programmes, project reports, and other documents are examples.

Standing Plans

Standing plans are used for actions that occur on a regular basis over time.

It is created once and retains its worth over time as it undergoes changes and upgrades.

It is created once and then adjusted as needed to satisfy business requirements.

Policies, procedures, methods, and norms are all part of the standing plans.

Plans Can Be Classed Into the Following Categories Based on What Goals the Plan Desires To Achieve.

Objectives:

Objectives are the desired outcomes that management hopes to attain through its activities.

They could be intended to reflect the anticipated future position that management aspires to. Setting organizational objectives is the first and most important phase in the planning process.

Objectives must be in stated terms, i.e., they must be quantifiable and documented in the form of a written declaration of desired outcomes to be achieved within a certain time frame.

For example, a 20% return on investment, a 10% increase in sales target, and so forth. The objectives should be achievable, and realistic.

Strategy refers to long-term decisions that define an organization's direction and scope.

These are the plans that an organization develops to deal with a variety of conditions, threats, and opportunities.

Internal strategy refers to the process of an organization's managers developing a new business strategy, whereas external strategy refers to the process of developing strategies in response to competitors' strategies.

For example, selecting an advertising medium, distribution networks, and so on Mainly strategy formulation takes place at three levels

Corporate level

Business level

Function level

Policies are broad statements that direct people's thoughts or energies in a specific direction. It serves as a foundation for interpreting strategy..

Policies exist for all levels and departments within an organization, including large and small policies.

Policies establish the boundaries within which a management can operate.

They are adaptable because they can be altered as needed.

For example, selling things on a cash-only basis, single source purchasing, and so forth.

Procedures are step-by-step instructions that specify how a task should be completed.

They specify which tasks should be completed in which order.

In general, the sequence of actions to be taken is to implement a policy and achieve predetermined goals.

For example, a company's recruitment procedure.

Rules are specific statements that specify what should and should not be done in situations.

Rules are rigid and do not allow for flexibility, ensuring organizational discipline.

For example, ‘Smoking is prohibited in the office.'

Methods describe the prescribed ways or manners in which a work can be completed considering the goal.

Choosing the right solution saves time, money, and effort while increasing efficiency.

The methods are adaptable.

For example, numerous training methods used by an organization to train its personnel, such as apprenticeship training, induction programmers, and so on.

A programme may include a complete list of project objectives, policies, processes, regulations, tasks, and the physical and human resources needed to carry out any course of action.

A budget is a numerical description of expected results for a specific time in the future.

For example, a sales budget, a production budget, research and development budget, master budget, cash budget etc.

Planning: Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 4 Revision Notes Summary

Planning is probably the most important term in the student’s life. Proper planning helps a student to achieve his goals by accomplishing every step in it. This simple concept has been modulated according to business studies, an important subject in the Class 12 Commerce syllabus. In order to make this chapter easy to study, the experienced commerce teachers in the team have scripted these revision notes so that every student can relate to the concepts easily. it will become a lot easier to study and understand the concepts of planning with the help of Class 12 Business Studies revision notes solution Chapter 4. Let us take a precise look into the subject matter of these revision notes.

In these revision notes, every section of the chapter has been properly described and explained using simpler language so that all the students can understand easily. The definition and explanation of planning will surely facilitate the learning of this chapter. Here, you will find the importance of planning in business. It is done to reduce the risks appearing while doing a business. Every phase of a business requires proper planning. Studying this chapter will also make the students more efficient in their personal life. Every feature of Planning will be discussed in the Business Studies Class 12 Chapter 4 revision notes. It is a futuristic step that helps a business to identify risks beforehand, to figure out the necessary steps, and to forecast growth. It is also a continuous process that certainly impacts future events. As you can see that every step in business needs planning. Hence, it can be concluded that planning is dynamic. A plan changes according to the outcomes and consequences of previous steps.

As per the Class 12 notes Planning, another important factor is making a decision. A plan can only be executed when a proper decision is made. It all depends on the competency and potential of the decision-maker. In fact, the decisions will be influenced by several factors such as awareness of the situation, how a person reacts, and what resources he has to deploy. Planning is and always will be the primary function of Business Studies and Business Management. Utilizing the Class 12 Business Studies Planning revision notes will become mandatory to grab hold of the advanced concepts.

It will describe how a person should focus on the goals and systematically achieve them one by one. An objective should be there to provide a base for every plan. The strategic development of a business totally depends on the plans and decisions made. In this revision note, you will also study how a logical and systematic approach can influence and decide the outcome of a plan. Delve deeper to learn more about the limitations regarding planning to understand the threats and weaknesses. This is where Planning Class 12 Business Studies revision notes will come in very handy.

Important Topics Covered Under Chapter 4 of CBSE Class 12 Business Studies

Some of the important topics or concepts discussed in this chapter are listed below:

Meaning of planning

The importance of planning

The features of planning

The limitations of planning

The planning process

Types of plan

CBSE Class 12 Revision Notes and Key Points

Chapter 4 - Planning of Business Studies is one of the important chapters for the CBSE Class 12 students as this chapter mainly deals with the basic managerial function that is planning. The students facing difficulty in understanding the concepts related to planning can refer to the Revision Notes pdf of Chapter 4 to clear their doubts. These concepts have been explained in a simple and easy language which will help students to have an in-depth knowledge of the concepts.

Our commerce specialist lecturers develop the revision notes to give you with the highest quality study resources. Students may use these review notes for last-minute revision immediately before the test, which will help them enhance their Business Studies results. Visit Vedantu's website or download the app for the greatest learning experience and more excellent study resources such as Crucial Questions for Class 12 Business Studies and NCERT Answers for Class 12 Business Studies.

Conclusion

In the CBSE Business Studies Class 12 chapter "Planning," students are introduced to the concept of planning as a crucial function of management. Planning involves setting goals, determining strategies, and developing action plans to achieve organizational objectives.

The comprehensive notes provided for Chapter 4: Planning in CBSE Business Studies Class 12 offer a detailed explanation of the key concepts and processes involved in effective planning. These notes cover topics such as the importance and benefits of planning, the planning process, types of plans, and the limitations of planning.

By studying these notes, students gain a thorough understanding of the significance of planning in an organization's success. They learn how to set SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) goals, analyze the business environment, formulate strategies, and create detailed action plans. Moreover, the notes shed light on the potential challenges and limitations faced during the planning process.

FAQs on Planning Class 12 Notes CBSE Business Studies Chapter 4: Full Explanation

1. What are the types of plans in business studies?

In business studies, plans can be commonly categorized into single-use plans and standing plans. The types of plans are listed below.

Objectives

2. What are the important topics covered in the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Revision Notes Chapter 4- Planning?

The important topics covered in the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Revision Notes Chapter 4- Planning are as follows.

Definition, Meaning, and Importance of Planning

All the topics covered in the chapter on Planning are very interesting and have immense applications in business. Students should learn and understand these topics thoroughly to answer all the questions from this chapter in exams.

3. Are the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Revision Notes Chapter 4- Planning available on Vedantu reliable?

Yes, the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Revision Notes Chapter 4- Planning available on Vedantu are very reliable. Vedantu is among India’s leading e-learning platforms and our students vouch for the relevance and reliability of these Revision Notes. Our subject-matter experts have compiled the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Revision Notes Chapter 4- Planning after a thorough research and analysis of the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies syllabus and previous year question papers. Every topic covered in CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter-4 Planning is explained in a simple yet interesting manner in these solutions. So, students can rely upon these revision notes for their exam preparation.

4. Can I download the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Revision Notes Chapter 4- Planning for free?

Yes, you can download the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Revision Notes Chapter 4- Planning absolutely free of cost from Vedantu. These revision notes are available in PDF format on our website and mobile application. So, all you need to have is an internet connection and access to any digital screen to get the best revision notes on CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 4- Planning. You can also take a printout of these revision notes after downloading them as per your convenience.

5. What is planning in Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 4?

Planning, as discussed in Chapter 4 of Class 12 Business Studies, refers to thinking in advance about what, when, how and by whom a particular task is to be performed. Planning, in other words, means to devise an action strategy to reach the desired objective or goal. Without action or implementation of this thought out strategy, the goal can't be achieved. Thus, action or implementation is an important factor to make a plan successful. To know mte about planning, download the vedantu app.

6. What are the steps of planning Class 12?

The first step of the planning process involves obtaining clarity about the ultimate objective or goal of planning. The second step is to devise premises i.e., draw assumptions about the plausible future situation with the aid of the forecast information. The third and fourth steps are the identification and evaluation of the alternative courses of action respectively. The fifth step is to choose the best alternative action to reach the desired objective. The sixth step involves the actual implementation of this plan. The final step of planning is the follow-up action from time to time during the implementation of the plan.

7. What is the focus of planning Class 12?

The primary focus of planning is to successfully achieve the target/goal/objective. For any business or organisation to prosper, the set targets have to be achieved. In any institution, the main focus of planning is to devise strategies to reach a particular goal. Planning also focuses on futuristic perspectives. For instance, good business planning is undertaken while keeping in mind the market situation in the coming future to make the best planning decisions.

8. Can you please provide a detailed Stepwise Study Plan to ace Class 12 Business Studies, Chapter 4 - “Planning”?

To ace Class 12 Business Studies, Chapter 4 - “Planning”, first, read the chapter from the standard NCERT textbook thoroughly. This chapter will become easier to retain if you obtain conceptual understanding instead of rote learning the concepts. After reading and understanding the chapter, solve the NCERT questions from this chapter. Clear all doubts as soon as possible. Take your preparation to the next level by referring to Vedantu's Revision Notes for this chapter.

9. What are the real-time applications of Class 12 Business Studies, Chapter 4 - ‘Planning?’

The application of Class 12 Business Studies, Chapter 4 - ‘Planning,' can be easily seen in our day to day lives. Planning is the very foundation of a clarity-driven life. No matter whatever career we are pursuing or whatever task needs to be done, planning is crucial everywhere. The topics covered in this chapter have practical applications. For instance, the steps of planning given in this chapter are undertaken in real life by every business to maximize its profits.

Study Materials for Class 12

CBSE NCERT Solutions

NCERT and CBSE Solutions for free

Planning Class 12 Business Studies Notes and Questions

Please refer to Planning Class 12 Business Studies notes and questions with solutions below. These revision notes and important examination questions have been prepared based on the latest Business Studies books for Class 12 . You can go through the questions and solutions below which will help you to get better marks in your examinations.

Class 12 Business Studies Planning Notes and Questions

Q. 1. Laxmi Chemicals Ltd., a soap manufacturing company wanted to increase its market share from 30% to 55% in the long run. A recent report submitted by the Research & Development Department of the company had predicted a growing trend of herbal and organic products. On the basis of this report the company decided to diversify into new variety of soaps with natural ingredients having benefits and fragrances of Jasmine, Rose, Lavendear, Mogra, Lemon Grass, Greed Apple, Strawberry etc. The Unique Selling Proposition (USP) was to promote eco-friendly living the contemporary life style. The company decided to allocate Rs. 30 crores to achieve the objective. Identify the type of one of the functions of management mentioned above which will help the company to acquire dominant position in the market. Ans. Strategy Q. 2. Suhasini a home science graduate from a reputed college has recently done a cookery course. She wished to start her own venture with a goal to provide ‘health food’ at reasonable price. She discussed her idea with her teacher (|mentor) who encouraged her. After analyzing various options for starting her business venture, they shortlisted the option to sell ready made and ‘ready to make’ vegetable shakes and sattu milk shakes. Then they both weighed the pros and coris of both the shortlisted optins. 1. Name the function of management being discussed above and give any one of its characteristics. 2. Also briefly discuss any three limitations the function discussed in the case. Ans. 1. Planning. Characteristic of planning Planning focuses on achieving objectives 1. Limitation of planning 1. Planning leads to rigidity: 2. Planning reduces creativity: 3. Planning is a time-consuming process: Q. 3. A company is manufacturing garments. The manager wants to increase profits by purchasing new high speed machines or increasing the sale price or using waste material in manufacturing stuffed toys. He decided that ‘using waste material’ to increase the profit is the best solution for him. 1. Identify the concept of management involved. 2. Mention the steps involved in the above process by quoting the line from the question. 3. To complete the process of the concept identified in (a), what two next steps does the manager have to take? Explain. Ans. 1. The concept of management involved is PLANNING. 2. Steps involved are: ● Setting objectives : increasing profits ● Developing planning premises : making certain assumptions about future. ● Identifying alternative courses of action: ● Purchasing new high speed machines, or ● Increasing the sale price, or ● Using waste material in manufacturing stuffed toys ● Evaluating alternatives and selecting an alternative : 1. Further steps to complete the process of planning: ● Formulating derivate plans: ● Implementing the plan and follow-up-action: Q. 4. Two year ago, Madhu completed her degree in food technology. She worked for sometime in a company that manufactured chutneys, pickles and murabbas. She was not happy in the company and decided to have her own organic food processing unit for the same. She set the objectives and the targets and formulated an action plan to achieve the same. One of her objectives was to earn 10% profit on the amount invested in the first year. It was decided that raw materials like fruits, vegetables, spices, etc. will be purchased on three months credit from farmers cultivating only organic crops. She also decided to follow the steps required for marketing of the products through her own outlets. She appointed Mohan as the Production Manager who decided that exact manner in which the production activities were to be carried out. Mohan also prepared a statement showing the number of workers that will be required in the factory throughout the year. Madhu informed Mohan about her area wise sales target for different products for the forthcoming quarter. While working on the production table, a penalty of Rs. 100 per day for not wearing caps, gloves and apron was announced. Quoting lines from the above paragraph, identify and explain the different types of plans discussed. Ans. The different types of plan discussed above are listed below: Objectives: “One of her objectives was to earn 10% profit on the amount invested in the first year.” Policy: “It was decided that the raw materials like fruits, vegetables, spices, etc. will be purchased on three months credit from farmers cultivating only organic crops.” Method: “The exact manner in which the production activities are to be carried out.” Procedure: “She also decided to follow the steps required for marketing of the products through her own outlets.” Rule: “While working on the production Table, a penalty of Rs. 100 per day for not wearing caps, gloves and aprons was announced.” Q. 5. During partition, Kundan Lal came to Mumbai from Lahore with a lot of wealth. Keeping in view his innate ability to visualize and create things, he decided to work as a junior assistant in a film studio. Over a period of time, as he gained experience and his work was well acclaimed, he decided to set up his own film studio. Initially he was himself looking into every aspect of the business, but as his work increased manifolds and his own productivity reduced with age, he hired Jummy as manager. Jimmy being immature in his work started giving bookings for the studio haphazardly. He would never decide anything in advance or do any kind of forecasting of events. This led to lot of confusions and conflicts. As a result, the goodwill earned by Kundan Lal over the years began to decline. In context of the above case: 1. Identify and explain the function of management which Jimmy failed to perform by quoting lines form the paragraph. 2. Describe briefly any two features of the function of management as identified in part (a). Ans. 1. Planning is the function of management which Jimmy failed to perform. Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do, when to do and who has to do it.It is one of the basic managerial functions.Thus, it involves setting objectives and developing an appropriate course of action to achieve those objectives. The two features of the planning function of management are as follows: 1. Planning is pervasive: 2. Planning involves decision-making: Q. 6. After completing a diploma in Bakery and Patisserie, Payal sets up a small outlet at Goa Airport to provide a healthy food option to the travellers. To begin with, she has decided to sell five types of patties, three type of pizzas and low sugar muffins in four flavours. Thus, by deviding in advance what to do and how to do, she is able to reduce the risk of uncertainty and avoid overlapping and wasteful activities. But sometimes her planning does not work due to some unavoidable circumstances like cancellation of flights due to bad weather conditions, government alert etc. which adversely affects her clientele. In context of the above case: 1. Identify and explain the points highlighting the importance of planning mentioned in the above paragraph. 2. Describe briefly the limitation of planning which adversely affects Payal’s business. Ans. 1. The paints highlighting the importance of planning mentioned in the above paragraph are described below: 1. Reduces the risk of uncertainty: 2. Avoiding overlapping and wasteful activities: 1. The limitation of planning which adversely affects Payal’s business is: 1. Planning may not work in a dynamic environment: Q. 7. Rahul, a worker, is given a target of assembling two computers per day. Due to his habit of doing things differently, an idea struck him which would not only reduce the assembling time of computers but would also reduce the cost of production of the computers. Rahul’s supervisor instead of appreciating him, ordered him to complete the work as per the methods and techniques decided earlier as nothing could be changed at that stage. The above para describes one of the limitation of planning function of management. Name that limitation. Ans. Planning reduces creativity. Q. 8. ABC Ltd. has a plan of increasing profits by 20%. It has devoted a lot of time and money to this plan. But the competition starts increasing, so it could not change its plan to b eat its competitors because huge amount of money had already been devoted to the pre-decided plan. It caused losses to the company. Explain any two limitations of planning highlighted in the above case. Also, quote the lines from it. Ans. 1. ‘ABC Ltd. has devoted a lot of time and money to its plan.’ Planning is a time consuming process. It also involves huge costs. 1. ‘The competition starts increasing, so it could not change its plan to beat its competitors because huge amount of money had already been devoted to the pre-decided plan.’ Planning leads to rigidity. Following a pre-decided plan, when circumstances change, may not turn out to be in the organization’s interest. Q. 9. In ‘Chak De India’ movie, Shahrukh Khan becomes the coach of the girls’ hockey team. He knows that he has to prepare the girls for the international hockey matches and bring the world cup after winning. For this he prepares a long-team plan and thinks the ways how to bet the competitors. He coaches the girls to play in different ways like defensive, offensive, etc. at the outset of a match he explains who will open the match, and how the ball will be passed by one player to another step by step. Identify four types of plan that are highlighted in the above case, quoting the lines from it. Ans. 1. Objective ‘…bring the world cup after winning.’ 2. Strategy ‘For this he prepares long-term plan and thinks the ways how to beat the competitors.’ 3. Method ‘He coaches the girls to play in different ways like defensive, offensive, etc.’ 4. Procedure ‘At the outset of a match he explains who will open the match, and how the ball will be passed by one player to another step by step.’ Q. 10. Flipkart is an e-commerce company founded in the year 2007 by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal. The company is registered in Singapore, but has its headquarters in Bangaluru, India. The company seeks to increase traffic (more clicks on their products) and boost sales and revenue through integration of Mobile Apps, Display, Pay Per Click and search Engine Optimization. In order to dispel the feat of people related to shopping online, Flipkart was the first company to implement to popular ‘Cash on Delivery’ facility. All the products sold by the company under a particular category may have different return/replacement period. Flipkart allows multiple payment options such as cash on delivery, credit or debit card transactions, net banking, e-gift voucher and card swipe on delivery. The company operates both ways when an order is received. The products for which it holds inventory are dispatched by it directly. For the products they do not store in inventory, they just send the order received by them to the supplier who ships it. The company plans to spend about Rs. 75 crores on e-Commerce advertising in the year 2016. Flipkart reserves the right to terminate your membership and/or refuse to provide you with access to the website if it is brought to Flipkart’s notice or if it iis discovered that you are under the age of 18 years. This is because as per the Indian contract Act, 1872, the minors, un-discharged insolvents, etc. are not eligible to use the website. In context of the above case, identify and explain the different types of plans being used by Flipkart by quoting lines the paragraph. Ans. The different types of plans being used by Flipkart are listed below: Objectives: “The company seeks to increase traffic (more clicks on their products) and boost sales and revenue through integration of Mobiles Apps, Display, Pay Per Click and Search engine Optimization.” Strategy: “In order to dispel to fear of people related to shopping online, Flipkart was the first company to implement the popular ‘Cash On Delivery’ facility.” Policy: “All the products sold by the company under a particular category may have different return/replacement period.” Method: “Flapkart allows multiple payment options such as cash on delivery, credit or debit card transactions, net banking, e-gift voucher and card swipe on delivery.” Procedure: “The company operataes both ways when an order is received.The products for which it holds inventory are dispatched by it directly.For the products they do not store in inventory, they just send the order received by them to the supplier who ships it.” Budget: “The company plans to spend about Rs. 75 crores on e-Commerce advertising in the year 2016. Rule: Flipkart reserves the right to terminate your membership and/or refuse to provide you with access to the Website if it is brought to Flipkart’s notice or if it is discovered that you are under the age of 18 years.This is because as per the Indian Contract Act, 1872, the minors, un-discharged insolvents etc. are not eligible to use the Website.” Q. 11. An electronic company is facing a problem of declining market share due to increased competition from other new and existing players in the market. Its competitors are introducing lower price models for mass consumers who are price sensitive. For quality conscious consumers, company is introducing new model LED TV and DVD players with added features and new technological advancements. For this, the company raises extra funds Rs. 5 crore form banks. Name the type of plan the company is preparing. State the steps which the company follows to implement this plan quoting the line from the above para. Ans. The type of plan needed to be prepared under this situation is ‘Strategy’. Steps involved in preparing this plan are: (i) Determining long-term objectives: (ii) Adopting a particular course of action: (iii) Allocating resources necessary to achieve the objectives: Q. 12. Arush joins as a sales manager of a company dealing in naturotherapy produces. Being proficient in his work, he knew that without good planning he will not be able to organise, direct, control or perform any of the other managerial functions efficiently and effectively. Only on the basis of sales forecasting, he would assist in the preparation of the annual plans for its production and sales. Besides, he will have to prepare sales plans regularly on weekly, monthly, quarterly and half yearly basis. While preparing the sales forecasts, he undertakes intellectual thinking involving foresight, visualization and issued judgement rather than wishful thinking or guess work. Most importantly, all these planning activities will be meaningful only if they will coincide with the purpose for which the business is being carried out. In context of the above case, identify the various features of planning highlighted in the above paragraph by quoting lines from it. Ans. The features of planning highlighted in the above paragraph are explained below: 1. Planning is a primary function: “… without good planning he will not be able to organise, direct, control or perform any of the other managerial functions efficiently and effectively.” 2. Planning is futuristic: “Only on the basis of sales forecasting, he would assist in the preparation of the annual plans for its production and sales.” 3. Planning is continuous: “Besides, he will have to prepare sales plans regularly on weekly, monthly, quarterly and half yearly basis.” 4. Planning is a mental exercise: “While p reparing the sales forecasts he undertakes intellectual thinking involving foresight, visualization and issued judgement rather than wishful thinking or guess work.” 1. Planning focuses on achieving objectives: “Most importantly, all these planning activities will be meaningful only if they will coincide with the purpose for which the business is being carried out.” Q. 13. Zyesha Ltd. is a company which manufactures leather bags. The CEO of the company wants to increase their sales and earn more profits. The consulted with a management consultant who suggested the top management of the company tow rok hard in thinking about the future in making business prediction and achieve the targets since the business environment keeps on changing whether in terms of technological improvement, shifts in consumer preferences or entry of new competitors in the market. 1. Identify and state the concept of management discussed in the para. 2. State the characteristic feature of business environment highlighted in the above para. Ans. 1. Planning It involves setting objectives and developing appropriate course of action to achieve these objectives.Dreams (e.g. increase sales, earn more profits, etc.) can be turned into reality only if business managers think in advance on what to do and how to do it. 1. Business environment is dynamic as it keeps on changing. Q. 14. Lira Ltd. is a company manufacturing designer socks. While making its plan, the company takes into consideration the business environment. It constantly adapt itself to changes in environment by making changes in its plan. However, it becomes difficult for the managers of the company to accurately foresee future trends in the environment. Competition in the market upsets its financial plans; then sales targets have to be revise3d and, accordingly cash budgets also need to be modified since they are based on sales figures. 1. What characteristic features of business environment are highlighted in the above lines? State any two. 2. State and explain the limitation of planning highlighted in the above lines. 3. Identify any two types of plan mentioned in the above pare by quoting the lines from it. Ans. 1. (i) Business environment is dynamic as it keeps on changing. (ii) Business environment is uncertain as it is difficult for the managers to accurately foresee future trends in the environment. 1. Planning may not work in a dynamic environment. The organisation has to constantly adapt itself to changes in environment by making changes in its plans.However, since planning cannot foresee everything, there may be obstacles to effective planning. (i) Strategy – ‘while making its plan, the company takes into consideration the business environment.’ (ii) Budget – ‘Competition in the market upsets its financial plans; then sales targets have to be revised and accordingly cash budgets also need to be modified since they are based on sales figures.” Q. 15. Pan Masala and Sons is a manufacturer of tobacco products. It decided to increase profits by at least 20% in the next quarter. It has many options: 1. To increase the working hours of labourers without additional payment. 2. To employ children from the local community. 3. To sell its products outside the schools and colleges. It opted the (ii) and (iii) options to achieve the target. 1. Identify the function of management described in the above para. 2. State the steps of the process involved in the function of management identified in (a) quoting the lines from the above para. 3. State any two values neglected by the organisation Ans. 1. Planning 2. Steps involved in planning process: (i) Setting organizational objectives: (ii) Identifying and evaluating alternative courses of action: (iii) Selecting the best possible alternatives(s): 1. Values neglected: ● Child labour is banned. ● Bad effect on students’ health ● Moral values. Q. 16. A reputed car manufacturing company in NCR is facing the problem of decline in its market share due to its internal mismanagement. Therefore it has planned to increase its production capacity at its Gurgaon plant by manufacturing low price eco-friendly cars for price sensitive consumers and introducing new models with added features for quality conscious consumers. For this the company issues shares to the public and raises Rs. 150 crore. The company purchases more machinery required to increase production. 1. Identify the type of plan the company is preparing. 2. State the steps involved in this plan quoting the lines from the above case. 3. State any one value which the company wants to communicate to the society. Ans. 1. Strategy 2. Steps involved in preparing a strategy are: (i) Determining long-term objectives: (ii) Adopting a particular course of action: (iii) Allocating resources necessary to achieve the objectives: 1. Value: ● Sensitivity towards environment ● Socially responsible behavior Q. 17. ‘Agile Ltd.’ is a well-known automobile manufacturing company in India. The company plans to increase the sale of its sedan cars by 20% in the next quarter. In order to achieve the desired target, the marketing team of the company considers the impact of policy of the government towards diesel vehicles and the level of competition in this segment of cars. They explore the various available option like offering more discount to dealers and customers, providing more customer friendly finance options, lucky draws on test drives, increasing advertising, offering more of free accessories on the purchase of the car, etc. a thorough analysis of the various available options is done keeping in view the relative viability of each option. The company decides to pursue the option of offering more discount to dealers and customers in order to boost the sale of sedan cars. In order to implement the plan,, they determine the various discount packages and communicate the same to their product dealers. To make the prospective consumers aware about the new available benefits, advertisements are made through various sources of print and electronic media. The market analysts of the company keep a close watch on the revenue from the sedan cars to study the effect of new initiatives by the company to promote its sales. In context of the above case: 1. Name the function of management described in the above paragraph. 2. Identify and explain the various steps involved in process the function of management as identified in part (a) by quoting lines from the paragraph. Ans. 1. Planning is the function of management which is being described in the above paragraph. 2. The various steps involved in the planning process are explained below: 1. Setting objectives: “The company plans to increase the sale of its sedan cars by 20% in next quarter.” 2. Developing Premises: “In order to achieve the desired target the marketing team of the company considers the impact of policy of the government towards diesel vehicles and level of competition in this segment of cars.” 3. Identifying alternative courses of action: “They explore the various available options like offering more discount to dealers and customers, providing more customer friendly finance options, lucky draws on test drives, increasing advertising, offering more of free accessories on the purchase of the case, etc.” 4. Evaluating alternative courses: “A thorough analysis of the various available options is done keeping in view the relative viability of each option.” 5. Selecting an alternative: “The company decides to pursue the option of offering more discount to dealers and customers in order to boost the sale of sedan car.” 6. Implement the plan: “In order to implement the plan, they determine the various discount packages an communicate the same to their product dealers.To make the prospective consumers aware about the new available benefits, advertisements are made through various sources of print and electronic media.” 7. Follow up action: “The market analysts of the company keep a close watch on the revenue from the sedan cars to study the effect of new initiatives by the company to promote its sales.” Q. 18. Palvinder, is working as a supervisor in Alpha Ltd. To achieve the target he wants to try a new method and different way of allocating the work. His superior did not permit him and forced him to do the work strictly as per the plan. (i) Name the limitation of planning indicated in above case. (ii) Name the value overlook by Palvinder’s superior. Ans. 1. ‘Planning reduces creativity.’ 2. Value of motivating and encouraging employee to increase initiative level. Q. 19. The management of ABC Ltd. set up the target of selling 10,000 units per week and made all their plans based on this target. But due to change in technology adapted by competitors which reduced their cost, the ABC Ltd. could not achieve their target. (i) Identify the limitation of planning discussed in the above para. (ii) State any other two limitations. Ans. (i) Planning may not work in dynamic environment. (ii) Any two limitations: 1. Planning reduces creativity 2. Planning involve huge cost. Q. 20. Alpha Ltd. spent a lot of money to hire specialized people for framing their plans and collecting important facts from environment. The company cut done their cost by cancelling the employee’s trip for recreation. (i) Name the limitation of planning mentioned in above para. (ii) Name the value overlook by management. Ans. 1. Limitation: ‘Planning involves huge cost.’ 2. Value overlook: Psychological need of employees. Q. 21. ABC Ltd. announced a plan nobody would smoke in the organization premises and they further added that certain penalty will be imposed on employees, overlooking this. (i) Name the type of plan related to above para. (ii) Name the feature of that plan. (iii) Name the values emphasized by the company. Ans. (i) ‘Rule’ is the type of plan. (ii) Rules are very Rigid. (iii) Values: (a) Respect towards environment (b) Follow discipline and order. Q. 22. Alpha Ltd. has a plan of increasing profit by 20%. The company spent lot of time and money to frame and implement this plan. The competition start increasing, so it could not change its plan to beat its competitors because huge amount of money is already spent. State any two limitations of planning. Ans . (i) Planning involve huge cost. (ii) Planning is time consuming. (iii) Planning may not work in dynamic environment. Q. 23. ‘Natural disaster like floods in Gujarat has been responsible for failure of production and sales plans of Jindal Textile Industry.’ Which limitations of planning is highlighted in the given statement? State any three such limitations. Ans . External limitations of planning 1. Change in government policies (e.g. tax rates, bank rate, etc.) may lead to failure of planning. 2. Changes in the strategies of competitors also lead to failure of planning many tiems. 3. Rapid technological changes may affect planning

Important Notes for NCERT Class 12 Business Studies Chapter Planning

Concept Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it and who is to do it. Planning bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go. It is one of the basic managerial functions. Planning involves setting objectives and developing appropriate courses of action to achieve these objectives. Thus, it in closely connected with creativity and innovation. Importance of Planning: – 1. Planning provides directions: By Stating in advance how work to be done planning provides direction for action. If there was no planning, employees would be working in different direction and the organisation would not be able to achieve its goods efficiently 2. Planning reduces the risk of uncertainty: – Planning is an activity which enables a manager to look ahead, anticipate change, consider the impact of change and develop appropriate responses. 3. Planning reduces wasteful activities: – Planning serves as the basis of coordinating the activities and efforts of different departments and individuals useless and redundant activities are minimised. 4. Planning promotes innovative ideas: Planning is the first function of management: Managers get the opportunity to develop new ideas and new ideas can take the shape of concrete plans. 5. Planning facilities decision making: Under planning targets are laid down. The manager has to evaluate each alternative and select the most viable proposition. Limitations of Planning 1. Planning leads to rigidity: A well-defined plan is drawn up with specific goals to be achieved within a specific time frame. A plan decides in advance the future course of action. This kind of rigidity in plan may create difficulty. 2. Planning may not work in a dynamic environment: – The business environment is dynamic, nothing is constant. Every organisation has to constantly adapt itself to the changes in business environment. 3. Planning reduces creativity: Planning is an activity which is done by the top management therefore it reduced other level creativity. 4. Planning involves huge costs: When plans are drawn up, huge cost involved in their formulation. 5. Planning is time consuming: Sometime plans to be drawn up take so much of time that there is not much time left for their implementation. Planning Process: – 1. Setting Objectives: The first and foremost step is setting objective. Objective may be set for the entire organisation and each department. 2. Developing premises: Planning premises are the assumptions about the likely shape of events of future. It forecasts the obstacles, problems or limitations in the path of the effective planning because of which the plans may deviate, planning premises supply relevant facts & information relating to future. 3. Identifying alternative courses of action: – Once objective are set and premises are developed. Then the next step would be to act upon them. All the alternative courses of action should be identified. 4. Evaluating alternative Courses: The next step is to be weight pros and cons of each alternative. Each course will have many variables which have to be weighed against each other. 5. Selecting an alternative: – After comparison and evaluation the best alternative is chosen for reaching organisation objectives. 6. Implement the plan: Once the plan is developed, they are put into action. 7. Follow to action: To see whether plans are being implemented, activities are performed according to schedule.

We hope the above Planning Class 12 Business Studies are useful for you. If you have any questions then post them in the comments section below. Our teachers will provide you an answer. Also refer to MCQ Questions for Class 12 Business Studies

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Class 12th Business Studies - Planning Case Study Questions and Answers 2022 - 2023

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Planning case study questions with answer key.

12th Standard CBSE

Final Semester - June 2015

Business Studies

Simplex limited had been taken over by Mundhra Group immediately following India’s independence. Since then it enjoys a rich record of industry presence and experience. In 2005, with the aim to accelerate growth the company had gone through several rounds of meetings and discussions before launching ERP system to attract large projects. The management had done effective forecast and critical thinking regarding allocation resources to reduce wastage. For this purpose the company had laid down multiple courses of action to meet the challenge of adverse situations. In 2008, the company suffered loss in many projects due to the great recession despite taking many cost cutting measures. The management had taken utmost care regarding the possible outcome and timely review of the plans to achieve the set target during that hard time. In 2010 the system implemented successfully which subsequently helped the company to execute numerous projects with precision and timeliness. 1.“In 2005, with the aim to accelerate growth the company had gone through several rounds of Meetings and discussions.” What is the objective mentioned here according to the process stated here?

2. “In 2008, the company suffered loss in many projects due to the great recession despite taking many cost cutting measures.” Which limitation of the management process is indicated here?

3. State whether the given statement is True or False: “The management had done effective forecast and critical thinking regarding allocation of resources to reduce wastage.” 4. The management had taken utmost care regarding the possible outcome and timely review of the Plans to achieve the set target during that hard time.” Which is the last step of the Process mentioned here?

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CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 4 – Planning Class 12 Notes

Planning Class 12 Revision Notes

Planning class 12 notes explain the meaning of planning. It is deciding in advance what to do and how to do it is the basic managerial function. This chapter also explains the importance of planning. This chapter explains the features of planning. Planning focuses on achieving objectives. It is a primary function of management. Planning is pervasive, continuous, futuristic, involves decision making and it is a mental exercise. It also deals with the limitation like planning leads to rigidity, planning may not work in a dynamic environment, planning reduces creativity, planning involves huge costs, planning is a time consuming and planning does not guarantee success.

This chapter also explains the planning process and different types of planning. All business firms like to be successful, increase their sales and earn profits. All manger dream of these and strive to achieve their goals but to turn these dreams into reality managers need to work hard in thinking about the future, in making business predictions and achieving targets. Dreams can be turned into reality only if the business manager thinks in advance on what to do and how to do it. This is the essence of planning . The chapter also explains the planning process and different types of planning.

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Sub-topics covered under Planning:

Introduction, Meaning, Importance, Features & Limitations of Planning : The sub-topic explains the planning is deciding in advance what to do and how to do.
Planning Process : The sub-topic explains the planning process like setting objectives, developing premises, identifying alternatives courses of action, evaluating alternative courses, selecting alternatives, implement the plan and follow –up action.
Types of Plan : The sub-topic explains different types of planning i.e. objectives, strategy, policy, procedure, method, rule, program, and budget.

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Planning MCQ | Class 12 | Business Studies | Chapter-4

Planning mcq chapter 4.

Below are some of the very important NCERT Planning MCQ Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 4 with Answers. These Planning MCQ have been prepared by expert teachers and subject experts based on the latest syllabus and pattern of term 1 and term 2. We have given these Planning MCQ Class 12 Business Studies Questions with Answers to help students understand the concept.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 4 are very important for the latest CBSE term 1 and term 2 pattern. These MCQs are very important for students who want to score high in CBSE Board.

We have put together these NCERT Questions Planning MCQ for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 4 with Answers for the practice on a regular basis to score high in exams. Refer to these MCQs Questions with Answers here along with a detailed explanation.

1. Which of the following statements is false with respect to planning?

(a) it is one of the basic managerial functions (b) planning is closely connected with creativity and innovation (c) it requires taking decision (d) none of the above

2. Which of the following is a feature of planning?

(a) provide direction (b) reduces the risk of uncertainty (c) focuses on achieving objectives (d) all of the above

3. “It is that function of management which is considered as the base of all other functions.” Identify the function of management stated in the above lines.

(a) planning (b) controlling (c) organising (d) staffing

4. “It involves application of higher order thinking skills and intellectual faculties, involving fission and foresightedness to decide the things to be done in the future.”

Which feature of planning is stated in the above line?

(a) planning is futuristic (b) planning is pervasive (c) planning is a mental exercise (d) none of the above

5. “Planning is required in all organisations at all level and all departments.”

___________ feature of planning is stated in the above statement.

(a) planning is futuristic (b) planning is pervasive (c) planning is mental exercise (d) none of the above

6. Nikita, a proofreader in Jai Publications, has been given a target of reading at least 50 pages per day. She has a habit of doing things differently. While doing her work and idea struck her that a summary of a chapter in the form of a map where all the concepts related to the chapter would be interlinked, should be given in starting of each chapter. It will give students just of the chapter as well as provide a competitive edge over the other publishers.

But instead of appreciating her idea, her boss scolded her and asked to complete the work as per prescribed format. Out of the following, identify the limitation of planning stated in the above paragraph.

(a) planning reduces creativity (b) planning involves huge cost (c) planning is a time-consuming process (d) planning does not work in dynamic environment

7. Relo Ltd. wants to increase their market share by 4.5 % in next 2 years. It spent a lot of money to hire specialised people for framing their plans like collecting important facts about environment, who took lot of time to frame plans for the company. The competition has started increasing and it is not able to beat its competitors. It is because it has already spent a huge amount the plan field and companies offer the huge loss.

Identify the limitation of planning stated in the given case.

(a) planning involves huge cost (b) planning may not work in the dynamic environment (c) planning is a time-consuming process (d) all of the above

8. Which of the following statements is true regarding planning?

(a) once plans are made to decide the future in course of action, the management may not be in a position to change them. (b) planning is a one-time process (c) planning is required only at top level of management as plans are made by top level of management (d) planning always leads to success

9. Match the following.

(a) (ii), (iii), (i) (b) (iii), (ii), (i) (c) (ii), (i), (iii) (d) (iii), (i), (ii)

10. Planning is decided in advance, what to do and how to do it. The first step of planning process is

(a) setting objectives (b) follow-up (c) implementation of plan (d) developing premises

11. Which of the following steps in the process of planning stage that the manager is required to make certain assumptions about the future?

(a) setting objectives (b) developing premises (c) evaluating alternative course of action (d) implementation of plan

12. __________ are the anticipated in parliament in which plants are expected to operate.

(a) planning (b) premises (c) forecasting objective (d) none of the above

13. To see whether plans are being implemented and activities are being performed according to the schedule, is a step of planning process. Identify the step.

(a) Selecting the best alternative (b) Implementing the plan (c) Follow up action (d) Evaluating alternative courses of action

14. _________ step is a process of planning is considered as the ‘real point of decision making’.

(a) setting objectives (b) selecting an alternative (c) implementation of plan (d) developing premises

15. While ‘selecting an alternative’ under the planning process, which of the following are considered?

(a) combination of plants may be selected instead of one best course (b) subjectivity and managers experience or judgement plays a role (c) the most feasible profitable plan with least negative consequences is chosen (d) all of the above

16. Which of the following is true with respect to the step ‘developing premises’ under the planning process?

(a) base material for assumption can be put in the form of forecasts, existing plans or any past information about policies (b) only a few managers are required to be familiar with and use the same assumptions (c) as a need not necessarily be same for all (d) all of the above

17. Match the following.

(a) (iii), (ii), (i) (b) (ii), (i), (iii) (c) (ii), (iii), (i) (d) (iii), (i), (ii)

Click Below To Learn Business Studies Term 1 Syllabus Chapter-Wise MCQs

Chapter 1: Nature and Significance of Management MCQ
Chapter 2: Principles of Management MCQ
Chapter 3: Business Environment MCQ
Chapter 4: Planning MCQ
Chapter 5: Organising MCQ
Chapter 11: Marketing MCQ

MCQ Answers

Planning lays down the base for other functions of management. Planning involves setting targets and predicting future conditions, thus helping in taking rational decisions.

Planning reduces uncertainty, risk and confusion in operation. Planning begins with the determination of objectives and is directed towards their achievement.

Planning precedes all other managerial functions and provides the very basis for organising, staffing, directing and controlling. Planning is deciding in advance what to do and how to do. It is one of the basic managerial function. Before doing something the manager must formulate an idea of how to work on a particular task. Thus, planning is closely connected with creativity and innovation.

Planning requires application of the mind involving foresight, intelligent imagination and sound judgement. It is basically an intellectual activity of thinking rather than doing, because planning determines the action to be taken.

Planning is required at all levels of management as well as in all department of organisation. It is not an exclusive function of top management 9 of any particular department.

Planning reduces creativity. It is an activity which is done by the top management. Usually the rest of the members must implement these plans. As a consequence, middle management and other decision makers and neither allowed to deviate from plan nor are the permitted to act on their own. Thus, much of the initiative and creativity in her in them also gets lost or reduced.

Planning requires a lot of time to collect information, if analysis and interpretation. So it is a time consuming process. When plans are drawn up huge cost are involved in the formulation. The environment in which business services is dynamic as it keeps on changing. The dynamic environment may sometimes lead to failure of plans.

In an organisation, a well-defined plan is drawn with specific goals to be achieved within a specific time frame. These plans then decide the future course of the action and managers may not be in a position to change it. This kind of rigidity and plans may create difficulty.

(ii), (i), (iii)

The first and foremost step is setting objectives. Every organisation must have certain objectives. Objectives may be set for the entire organisation and each department or unit within the organisation.

Planning is concerned with future which is uncertain and every planner is using picture about what might happen in future. Therefore, the manager is required to make certain assumptions about the future. These assumptions are called premises.

Premises include actual forecast data policies and plans of the enterprise. Planning involves looking into the future which necessary necessitates the Enterprise to know how future conditions will affect its activities.

To see whether the plans are being implemented and activities are performed according to schedule is also part of the planning process. Monitoring the plants is equally important to ensure that object is achieved.

Best plan to be adopted and implemented. The ideal plan, of course, would be the most feasible, profitable and with at least negative consequences. Most plants may not always be subjected to a mathematical analysis.

The best plan, which is the most profitable planet with minimum negative effect, is adopted and implemented.

In such case, managers experience and judgement plays an important role in selecting the best alternative.

Assumptions are the base material upon which plants are to be drawn. The base material may be in the form of forecast, existing plans or any past information about policies. The premises or assumptions must be same for all and there should be total agreement on them. All managers involved in Planning should be familiar with the use the same assumption.

(ii), (iii), (i)

Ass ertion-Reasoning Based MCQ

Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Assertion is true but reason is false.
Assertion is false but reason is true.

1. Assertion Planning is a primary function of management.

Reason Planning is required at all levels of management as well as in all departments of organisation.

2. Assertion Planning is a time saving process.

Reason The success of an enterprise is possible only when plans are properly drawn up and implemented.

3. Assertion Planning is futuristic.

Reason Planning is regarded as a forward-looking function based on forecasting.

4. Assertion Planning is pervasive at all levels of management.

Reason Planning is required in all types of organisation and at all levels of management.

5. Assertion Developing planning premises is the primary step.

Reason Objective are in results with the management wants to achieve by its operations.

6. Assertion Monitoring of plants is very important to ensure that the plans are being implemented according to the schedule.

Reason Regular check and comparison of the results with set standards are done to ensure that objectives are achieved.

7. Assertion Planning is concerned with the future which is uncertain.

Reason The manager is required to make certain assumptions about the future.

Assertion-Reasoning Based MCQ Answers

Planning lays down the base for other function of management. All of the managerial functions are performed within the framework of the plans drawn. Thus, planning proceed other functions.

Planning is a time consuming process. Sometimes plans to be drawn up take so much time, there is not much time left for the implementation.

Planning essentially involves looking ahead and preparing for the future. The purpose of planning is to meet future events effectively to the best advantage of an organisation. It implies peeping into the future analysing and predicting it.

Planning is required at all levels of the management. It is not a function restricted to top level managers only but planning is done by managers at every level. Formation of major plan and framing of overall all policies is the task of top level managers where as departmental managers form plan for their respective departments. And lower level managers make plans to support the overall objective and to carry on day to day activities.

Setting objectives is the primary step in the process of planning which specifies the objective of an organisation, therefore what an organisation wants to achieve.

To see whether plans are being implemented and activities are performed according to schedule is also part of the planning process. Monitoring the plants is equally important to ensure that objectives are achieved.

Planning is concerned with future which is uncertain and every planner is using conjecture about what might happen in future. Therefore, the manager is required to make certain assumptions about the future. These assumptions are called premises.

Case-Study Based MCQ

1. Read the following passage and answer accordingly.

Mundhra Group Ltd. had taken over Simplex Limited immediately after India’s Independence. Since then it enjoys a rich record of industry presence and experience. In 2005, with aim to accelerate growth the company had gone through several rounds of meetings and discussions before launching ERP system to attract large projects.

The management had an effective forecast and critical thinking regarding allocation of resources to reduce wastage. For this purpose, the company had laid down multiple courses of action to meet the challenge of adverse situation. In 2008, the company suffered loss in many projects due to the great recession despite taking many cost-cutting measures.

The management had taken atmosphere regarding the possible outcome and timely review of the plans to achieve the set target during that hard time. In 2010, the system implemented successfully with subsequently help the company to execute numerous projects with precision and timeliness.

(i) “In 2005, with the aim to accelerate growth the company had gone through several rounds of meetings and discussions.” What is the objective mentioned here according to the process stated here?

(a) developing premises (b) growth and development (c) launching IT enabled system (d) cost cutting

(ii) “The management had an effective forecast and critical thinking regarding allocation of resources to reduce wastage.” Identify the function of management mentioned here.

(a) planning (b) organising (c) controlling (d) directing

(iii) “In 2008, the company suffered loss in many project due to the great recession despite taking many cost-cutting measures.” Which limitation of the management process is indicated here?

(a) it feels to cope with sudden changes (b) it involves use cost (c) it requires critical thinking (d) need to construct multiple action plans

(iv) “The management had taken utmost care regarding the possible outcome and timely review of the plans to achieve desired target during that hard time.” Which is the last step of the process mentioned here?

(a) implementation of plan (b) timely execution of projects (c) follow up (d) to prepare alternative course of action

2. Read the following passage and answer the following accordingly.

Rohit inherited a 25 acre ancestral land from his grandparents. He decided to venture into agriculture. For this purpose we set out specific goals, objectives and activities. Everything was a challenge because he was not aware about farming. He learnt every activity in the process thought of assisting other farmers as well.

He eventually launched his own company Agriculture Solution Ltd. He wanted to be sure that the activities effectively made the best interest of the company and the farmers. Hence, the prepared annual plan for production, sales and marketing through sales forecasting.

He also realised that farmers by growing only one or two crops. On account of this deal and remained idle for the rest of the year. Thus, he identified and evaluated different alternative through which the farms could be utilised throughout the year.

He used his foresight and logical and systematic thinking based on analysis of all taxes and examined and evaluated all the alternative. He presented a plant to the farmers union, where after harvesting the primary crop seasonal vegetables and fruit could be grown.

(i) “For this purpose he set out specific goals objectives and activities.” Which feature of planning is depicted in this statement?

(a) planning focuses on achieving objectives (b) planning is a primary function of management (c) planning is pervasive (d) planning is continuous

(ii) “Hence, he prepared an annual plan for production, sales and marketing through sales forecasting.” Which feature of planning is depicted in the statement?

(a) planning is continuous (b) planning is futuristic (c) planning in was decision making (d) planning is a mental exercise

(iii) “Thus, he invented and evaluated different alternative through which the farmers could be utilised throughout the year.” Which feature of planning is depicted in the statement?

(a) planning is pervasive (b) planning is continuous (c) planning is futuristic (d) planning involves decision making

(iv) “He used his foresight, logical & systematic thinking based on analysis of olfaction examined and evaluated all the alternative.” Which feature of planning is depicted in this statement?

(a) planning focuses on achieving objectives (b) planning is a primary function of management (c) planning in voice decision making (d) planning is a mental exercise

Case-Study Based MCQ Answers

1. (i)(b) (ii)(a) (iii)(a) (iv)(c)

2. (i)(a) (ii)(b) (iii)(d) (iv)(d)

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Final Words

From the above article, you have practiced Planning MCQ of Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 4. We hope that the above-mentioned MCQs for term 1 of chapter 4 Planning MCQ would will surely help you in your exam.

If you have any doubts or queries regarding Planning MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions) with answers, feel free to reach us and we will get back to you as early as possible.

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Case Interview: Complete Prep Guide

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Welcome to our preparation tips for case interviews! Whether you are just curious about case interviews or are planning to apply for consulting internships or full-time jobs, these tips and resources will help you feel more prepared and confident.

A case interview is a role playing exercise in which an employer assesses how logically and persuasively you can present a case. Rather than seeing if you get the “correct” answer, the objective is to evaluate your thought process. ( Adapted with permission from Case In Point: Complete Case Interview Preparation by Marc Cosentino).

Case interviews are very commonly used in the interview process for consulting firms and companies in similar industries. In the case interview, you will typically be given a business problem and then asked to solve it in a structured way. Learning this structure takes preparation and practice. You can learn more and practice using the resources listed below.

Why are Case Interviews Used?

Case interviews allow employers to test and evaluate the following skills:

Analytical skills and logical ability to solve problems
Structure and thought process
Ability to ask for relevant data/information
Tolerance for ambiguity and data overload
Poise and communication skills under pressure and in front of a client

How can I prepare for Case Interviews?

1.) Read Management Consulted’s “Case Interview: Complete Prep Guide (2024)”

Management Consulted is a FREE resource for Tufts students : case and consulting resources such as 500 sample cases, Case Interview Bootcamp, Market Sizing Drills, Math Drills, case videos, consulting firm directory, and more

2.) Review additional resources:

Case in Point – This book, by Marc Cosentino, is a comprehensive guide that walks you through the case interview process from beginning to end. This guide has helped many students over the years and can serve as an excellent foundation for how to approach business problems
Casequestions.com – The companion website to Marc Cosentino’s book listed above offers preparation for case interviews, along with links to top 50 consulting firms
Management Consulting Case Interviews: Cracking The Case – tips for case interviews from the other side of the table, from Argopoint, a Boston management consulting firm specializing in legal department consulting for Fortune 500 companies
Preplounge.com – Free case preparation access for to up to 6 practice interviews with peers, selected cases, and video case solutions
RocketBlocks – Features consulting preparation such as drills and coaching
Practice sample online cases on consulting firm websites such as McKinsey , BCG , Bain , Deloitte and more!

3.) Schedule a mock case interview appointment with Karen Dankers or Kathy Spillane , our advisors for the Finance, Consulting, Entrepreneurship, and Business Career Community.

4.) PRACTICE PRACTICE PRACTICE cases out loud on your own (yes, that can feel odd) or preferably, with another person. See #2 and #3 above for resources and ideas to find partners to practice live cases

5.) Enjoy and have fun solving business problems!

TrendyDigests

The Latest Navy Long-Range Shipbuilding Plan Outlines Decommissioning 19 Ships in FY 2025.

Posted: May 17, 2024 | Last updated: May 17, 2024

<p>The updated 30-year shipbuilding plan limits the Navy's options for its future force and offers greater insight into its intention to decommission 19 ships. It outlines two potential paths for fleet expansion: one constrained by flat budgets and another aiming to achieve the Navy's goal of 381 ships aligned with the Pentagon's National Defense Strategy.</p>

The updated 30-year shipbuilding plan limits the Navy's options for its future force and offers greater insight into its intention to decommission 19 ships. It outlines two potential paths for fleet expansion: one constrained by flat budgets and another aiming to achieve the Navy's goal of 381 ships aligned with the Pentagon's National Defense Strategy.

<p>The latest plan includes a comprehensive list of 19 decommissionings requested by the Navy for Fiscal Year 2025. While the Navy disclosed ten ships earmarked for early retirement as part of the recent budget rollout, it withheld the names of the remaining nine slated to exit the fleet. </p>

The latest plan includes a comprehensive list of 19 decommissionings requested by the Navy for Fiscal Year 2025. While the Navy disclosed ten ships earmarked for early retirement as part of the recent budget rollout, it withheld the names of the remaining nine slated to exit the fleet.

<p>Among these unnamed vessels is the Los Angeles-class attack submarine USS Helena (SSN-725), which concluded its last deployment in 2017 and underwent maintenance at Newport News until 2022. </p>

Among these unnamed vessels is the Los Angeles-class attack submarine USS Helena (SSN-725), which concluded its last deployment in 2017 and underwent maintenance at Newport News until 2022.

<p>It remains uncertain if the submarine will undergo another deployment prior to its scheduled decommissioning, with a submarine force spokesperson indicating the intention to fully utilize USS Helena until its decommissioning date.</p>

It remains uncertain if the submarine will undergo another deployment prior to its scheduled decommissioning, with a submarine force spokesperson indicating the intention to fully utilize USS Helena until its decommissioning date.

<p>Among the ships not previously mentioned for decommissioning are nuclear attack submarines USS Pasadena (SSN-752) and USS Topeka (SSN-754), cruisers USS Philippine Sea (CG-58) and USS Normandy (CG-60), and Avenger-class mine countermeasure ships USS Sentry (MCM-3), USS Devastator (MCM-6), USS Gladiator (MCM-11), and USS Dextrous (MCM-13).</p>

Among the ships not previously mentioned for decommissioning are nuclear attack submarines USS Pasadena (SSN-752) and USS Topeka (SSN-754), cruisers USS Philippine Sea (CG-58) and USS Normandy (CG-60), and Avenger-class mine countermeasure ships USS Sentry (MCM-3), USS Devastator (MCM-6), USS Gladiator (MCM-11), and USS Dextrous (MCM-13).

<p>These nine vessels supplement the decommissioning roster released last week, which includes two additional cruisers, the first four expeditionary fast transports, one Whidbey Island-class docking landing ship, one expeditionary transfer dock, and two littoral combat ships: USS Shiloh (CG-67), USS Lake Erie (CG-70), USNS Spearhead (EPF-1), USNS Choctaw County (EPF-2), USNS Millinocket (EPF-3), USNS Fall River (EPF-4), USS Germantown (LSD-42), USNS John Glenn (ESD-2), USS Jackson (LCS-6), and USS Montgomery (LCS-8). As outlined in the plan, the cruisers, LCSs, and two of the Spearhead EPFs will serve as parts donors for other active duty ships.</p>

These nine vessels supplement the decommissioning roster released last week, which includes two additional cruisers, the first four expeditionary fast transports, one Whidbey Island-class docking landing ship, one expeditionary transfer dock, and two littoral combat ships: USS Shiloh (CG-67), USS Lake Erie (CG-70), USNS Spearhead (EPF-1), USNS Choctaw County (EPF-2), USNS Millinocket (EPF-3), USNS Fall River (EPF-4), USS Germantown (LSD-42), USNS John Glenn (ESD-2), USS Jackson (LCS-6), and USS Montgomery (LCS-8). As outlined in the plan, the cruisers, LCSs, and two of the Spearhead EPFs will serve as parts donors for other active duty ships.

<p>Notably absent from the decommissioning list is the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN-69). While last year's plan slated USS Nimitz (CVN-68) for departure from the fleet next year, USS Eisenhower's exclusion is a departure from the FY 2024 plan, which had indicated its decommissioning in 2027. Recent reports suggest the carrier's extension beyond FY 2029.</p>

Notably absent from the decommissioning list is the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN-69). While last year's plan slated USS Nimitz (CVN-68) for departure from the fleet next year, USS Eisenhower's exclusion is a departure from the FY 2024 plan, which had indicated its decommissioning in 2027. Recent reports suggest the carrier's extension beyond FY 2029.

<p>The shipbuilding plan presents two funding profiles: one, based on the 2023 Battle Force Ship Assessment and Requirement study, demands more funding than the recent budget proposal and aims for a larger fleet, referred to as the "official PB2025 shipbuilding plan." </p>

The shipbuilding plan presents two funding profiles: one, based on the 2023 Battle Force Ship Assessment and Requirement study, demands more funding than the recent budget proposal and aims for a larger fleet, referred to as the "official PB2025 shipbuilding plan."

The second profile outlines a resource-constrained approach, indicating what the Navy can construct and sustain without funding increases surpassing inflation.

<p>The high-end projection suggests an average annual growth of $2.7 billion, adjusted for inflation, beyond the Future Years Defense Program (FYDP) in FY2024 constant dollars. </p>

The high-end projection suggests an average annual growth of $2.7 billion, adjusted for inflation, beyond the Future Years Defense Program (FYDP) in FY2024 constant dollars.

<p>This elevated procurement level, guided by industrial capacity and performance metrics, targets 330 manned battle force ships by the mid-2030s, reaching 377 by FY2045.</p>

This elevated procurement level, guided by industrial capacity and performance metrics, targets 330 manned battle force ships by the mid-2030s, reaching 377 by FY2045.

<p>Although the Navy's internal assessment indicates a need for 381 crewed battle force ships to fulfill its National Defense Strategy obligation, the service is preparing around the more conservative plan, which aims for 348 hulls by FY 2042, before achieving the aspirational goal of 381 ships in 2043 under the best-resourced scenario.</p>

Although the Navy's internal assessment indicates a need for 381 crewed battle force ships to fulfill its National Defense Strategy obligation, the service is preparing around the more conservative plan, which aims for 348 hulls by FY 2042, before achieving the aspirational goal of 381 ships in 2043 under the best-resourced scenario.

The primary discrepancy between the two long-term plans lies in the quantity of surface warships and combat logistics force ships.

The alternative profile introduces risk beyond the five-year defense plan to the industrial bases of both large and small surface combatants and combat logistics force.

<p>Under the lower-end plan, there would be a reduction in small surface combatants such as frigates and LCSs, while still maintaining the congressionally mandated minimum of 31 amphibious warships, 12 nuclear ballistic-missile submarines, and sustaining the current build rate for attack submarines, aiming for 60 hulls by the 2040s.</p> <p><b>Relevant articles: </b><br>- <a href="https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/air-warfare/the-usns-plan-to-replace-its-fleet-of-mh60s-moves-forward/#:~:text=The%20US%20Navy's%20Future%20Vertical,date%20in%20the%20late%2D2030s.">US Navy’s plan to replace fleet of MH60s moves forward</a>, Shephard Media<br>- <a href="https://news.usni.org/2024/03/19/new-navy-long-range-shipbuilding-plan-details-19-ship-decommissionings-in-fy-2025">Range Shipbuilding Plan Details 19 Ship Decommissionings in FY 2025</a>, USNI News<br>- <a href="https://breakingdefense.com/2024/03/navys-new-30-year-shipbuilding-plan-sketches-2-paths-for-future-manned-ship-fleet/">year shipbuilding plan sketches 2 paths for future manned ship fleet</a>, Breaking Defense<br>- <a href="https://news.usni.org/2024/05/06/usni-news-fleet-and-marine-tracker-may-6-2024">USNI News Fleet and Marine Tracker: May 6, 2024</a>, USNI News</p>

Under the lower-end plan, there would be a reduction in small surface combatants such as frigates and LCSs, while still maintaining the congressionally mandated minimum of 31 amphibious warships, 12 nuclear ballistic-missile submarines, and sustaining the current build rate for attack submarines, aiming for 60 hulls by the 2040s.

Relevant articles: - US Navy’s plan to replace fleet of MH60s moves forward , Shephard Media - Range Shipbuilding Plan Details 19 Ship Decommissionings in FY 2025 , USNI News - year shipbuilding plan sketches 2 paths for future manned ship fleet , Breaking Defense - USNI News Fleet and Marine Tracker: May 6, 2024 , USNI News

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Garden tours, plants sales and more ways to spend time among flowers

Visit Maine's botanical gardens or get a sneak peek of what your neighbors are growing in their back yards.

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One of the loveliest ways to ease yourself fully out of the post-winter blahs and into springtime is to quit being a wallflower and instead surround yourself with living, blooming plants.

From botanical gardens to plant sales and garden tours, it’s time to make like the Scarecrow in “The Wizard of Oz” and while away the hours, conferring with flowers.

The waterfall at Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens in Boothbay. Photo by Tory Paxson, Courtesy of Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens

TOTALLY BOTANICAL

Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens in Boothbay is open for the season, daily from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Maine Days are May 31 to June 2, when anyone with a Maine driver’s license or state ID gets in for free. Ditto for dads/father figures on Father’s Day (June 16). Advance registration is required. With more than 300 acres of gardens and natural spaces, including a waterfall, there will be plenty to see, smell and bask in the scenery.

Here are more things to do in Boothbay

A tour group walks on the boardwalk at Viles Arboretum in Augusta. Joe Phelan/Kennebec Journal

Viles Arboretum is a botanical garden in Augusta with 6 miles of trails and more than 20 botanical collections. It’s open daily from sunrise to sunset, and admission is free. There are 224 acres with all sorts of flora and fauna to discover. Leashed dogs are welcome, and the visitor center is open from 10:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Wednesday through Saturday.

Viles Arboretum offers medicinal plant walks, and although the May 18 session is full, you can still register for the June 15 and Sept. 14 events, lead by herbalist, homeopath and flower essence practitioner Debra Bluth. Tickets are $25. Advertisement

The Mount Desert Land & Garden Preserve has four areas to explore on its property in Northeast Harbor: the Asticou Azelea Garden (dawn to dusk daily), the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Garden (noon to 4 p.m. Tuesday through Sunday from July 9 to Sept. 8, reservations required), Thuya Garden (dawn to dusk daily, June 15 to Oct. 14) and Little Long Pond Natural Lands (hiking trails and carriage roads open dawn to dusk daily). On June 26, at the Wildflowers of Little Long Pond event, participants can wander around the garden’s fields and forest, spotting wildflowers along the way while practicing how to identify them.

Joyce Saltman, right, and Beth Anisbeck embrace a tree for 60 seconds during a tree hugging event sponsored by Portland Parks and Recreation, at Deering Oaks Park last year. Carl D. Walsh/Staff Photographer

TOURS AND MORE

2nd Annual Tree Hugging 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Saturday. Deering Oaks Park, Portland. portlandmaine.gov The tree hugging is a family-friendly community gathering to celebrate Portland’s many trees. Park ranger Liz Collado will lead a sensory awakening and forest bathing session. Along with tree hugging, there will be a storytime, and you can touch a forestry truck and meet naturalist Noah Querido and Portland city arborist Mark Reiland. Just down the road, you’ll find Fessenden Park, on the corner of Brighton and Deering Avenues. The tulips have arrived, and it’s worth a visit to see them.

McLaughlin Garden Lilac Festival 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. May 24. McLaughlin Garden and Homestead, 97 Main St., South Paris, $5. mclaughlingardens.org You’ll find more than 125 varieties of lilacs at the McLaughlin Garden Lilac Festival. Explore on your own or take a guided tour led by a horticulturist. There will also be family-friendly activities, and you can shop for native and unusual plants.

4th annual Woodfords Community Garden Tour 1-4 p.m. June 8. Woodfords Corner Community in Back Cove, Deering Highlands, Oakdale and Deering Center, $20 suggested donation. woodfordscorner.org Presented by Friends of Woodfords Corner, this self-guided tour features at least 10 gardens. As you make your way down the list, you’ll find yourself pleasantly surprised by all of the hidden havens bursting with flowers, plants and impressive yardscaping elements.

Peony Society of Maine 23rd annual Garden Tour 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. June 8 and 15. Both tours start at 1348 Ohio St., Bangor, $5 donation. peonysocietyofmaine.net You’ll visit multiple gardens in Bangor, Winterport, Ripley and St. Albans, and your senses will be filled with countless peonies. A peony plant will be raffled off at the end of each tour. Advertisement

Hidden Gardens of Historic Bath 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. June 22. Sagadahoc Preservation Inc., 880 Washington St., Bath, $40. sagadahocpreservation.org The Hidden Gardens of Historic Bath house and garden tour features several homes in North Bath. Every stop on the tour will be a treat for your senses and may motivate you to make some of your own magic when you get back home.

Garden Conservancy Open Garden Days 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. June 29. Beckett Castle Rose Garden, Singles Road, Cape Elizabeth, $10. gardenconservancy.org You’ll see plenty of roses as well as ocean views at Beckett Castle, which sits right on the water, with views of five lighthouses. The castle was built in 1871, and its rose garden features more than 70 varieties of heirloom roses. A 50-foot stone tower doubles as the rose arbor entrance to the castle.

PICK A PLANT SALE

Tate House Museum’s Annual Plant and Herb Sale 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. May 18. Tate House Museum, 1267 Westbrook St., Portland, 207-774-6177. tatehouse.org The wide selection includes perennials divided from the museum’s 18th century reproduction garden. Visitors can also make their own “seed bombs” and get a sneak peak at a new installation by artist Ashley Page from 10 a.m. to noon.

Animal Refuge League of Greater Portland Spring Plant S ale 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. May 18, Animal Refuge League of Greater Portland, 217 Landing Road, Westbrook, 207-854-9771. arlgp.org Perennials, house plants and more will be on sale, and plants that don’t have specific pricing are “name your own fee.” Anyone interested in donating plants or pots to the sale should send a message to [email protected] .

Taking Root Plant Sale 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. June 1, Tom Settlemire Community Garden, Maurice Drive, Brunswick, 207-729-7694. btlt.org This annual sale is organized by the Brunswick-Topsham Land Trust. Proceeds benefit the Common Good Garden, which provides food and gardening education for the Mid Coast Hunger Prevention Program. Master gardeners will be on hand to help shoppers choose their best options.

Scarborough Land Trust Native Plant Sale and Spring Festival 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. June 1, Broadturn Farm, 388 Broadturn Road, Scarborough, 207-289-1199. scarboroughlandtrust.org Visitors will find native plants, food vendors, local artisans, guided nature walks and activities for kids. To preorder plants, visit the Scarborough Land Trust website.

Maine Audubon Society Native Plants Sale and Festival 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., June 8, Gilsland Farm Audubon Center, 20 Gilsland Farm Road, Falmouth, 207-781-2330. maineaudubon.org More than 75 species of native wildflowers, shrubs and tree seedlings will be available, along with workshops, info tables and experts.

Staff writer Megan Gray contributed to this report.

Related Headlines

Headed to Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens? Here’s what else to check out in Boothbay

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CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Case Studies
CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Case Studies - Planning. ESSENTIAL POINTS TO SOLVE CASE STUDIES Meaning of Planning Planning is the process of setting objectives, formulating various courses of action in order to achieve them, and selecting the best possible alternative from the various courses of action available in order to ensure completion of organisational goals.
CBSE Class 12 Case Studies In Business Studies
Question 1. State any three points of importance of planning function of management. (CBSE, Delhi 2017) Answer: The three points indicating the importance of planning is described below: Reduces the risk of uncertainty: Planning relates to deciding in advance about the tasks to be performed in future.
Case Study Chapter 4 Planning
These case based questions are expected to come in your exams this year. Please practise these case study based Class 12 Business Studies Questions and answers to get more marks in examinations. Case Study Questions Chapter 4 Planning. Read the source given below and answer the following questions :
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Introduction of Case Studies - Planning in English is available as part of our Business Studies (BST) Class 12 for Commerce & Case Studies - Planning in Hindi for Business Studies (BST) Class 12 course. Download more important topics related with notes, lectures and mock test series for Commerce Exam by signing up for free.
Case Study: Planning
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Planning Class 12 Business Studies Notes and Questions
Class 12 Business Studies Planning Notes and Questions. Q. 1. Laxmi Chemicals Ltd., a soap manufacturing company wanted to increase its market share from 30% to 55% in the long run. A recent report submitted by the Research & Development Department of the company had predicted a growing trend of herbal and organic products.
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1. Planning Planning can be defined as "thinking in advance what is to be done when it is to be done, how it is to be done and by whom it should be done.". According to Fayol, "Planning is chalking out plan of action, i.e., the result envisaged in the line of action to be followed, the stages to go through the methods to use.". 2.
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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 4 Planning
Ans: The main points in the definition of planning are as follows. (i) Planning is deciding in advance what to do and how to do. (ii) It is one of the basic managerial function. (iii) Planning involves setting objectives and developing an appropriate course of action to achieve these objectives. (iv) It bridges the gap between where we are and ...
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Understand the concept of Planning- Case Studies 2 with CBSE Class 12 course curated by Rana Rohit Kumar on Unacademy. The Business Studies course is delivered in Hinglish. ... Free classes & tests. Business Studies • free class. Planning- Case Studies 2. Starts on Jun 7, 2023 • 4:30 AM. 1:00. EN Business Studies.
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Lyte utilized 12-15 different SaaS solutions across various departments which led to lack of alignment between teams, duplication of work and overlapping tasks. ... The stages of a case study are; Planning & Preparation: Highlight your goals for writing the case study. Plan the format, length and audience you wish to target.
Case Interview: Complete Prep Guide
Case interviews allow employers to test and evaluate the following skills: Analytical skills and logical ability to solve problems. Structure and thought process. Ability to ask for relevant data/information. Tolerance for ambiguity and data overload. Poise and communication skills under pressure and in front of a client.
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CBSE Class 12 Case Studies In Business Studies – Planning

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Importance of Planning

Plans Can Be Classed Into the Following Categories Based on What Goals the Plan Desires To Achieve.

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FAQs on Planning Class 12 Notes CBSE Business Studies Chapter 4: Full Explanation

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Class 12 Business Studies Planning Notes and Questions

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Planning Class 12 Revision Notes

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CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Revision Notes

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