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1.3: Environmental Geology

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• Page ID 25498

• Steven Earle
• Vancover Island University via BCCampus

Earth System Science is an important part of Environmental Geology, and so interaction between systems is considered in almost every topic covered in this textbook. But Environmental Geology is about much more than Earth System interactions.

Environmental Geology is about the interface between geological processes and the environment, and we can choose to use a broad definition of “the environment”. In this textbook that covers all types of Earth Systems, including systems involving the biosphere (or ecosystems if you like); systems of the hydrosphere and atmosphere, such as the hydrological cycle and glaciation; and systems of the geosphere, such as volcanism, earthquakes and slope failure. But it also includes human activities that have implications for the geosphere (and hence the rest of the Earth System), such as mining, energy resource extraction, and waste disposal: into the ground, into water and into the air. The major topics considered here (apart from a review of Physical Geology in Chapter 2 ) are as follows:

Chapter 3: Geological Control Over the Earth’s Climate. Climate change is the most significant issue of our time, and in order to understand how we are changing the climate now we need to know how it has changed naturally in the past. We will look back in time to consider the geological and other processes that have controlled our climate over the past 4.6 billion years. These include long-term changes in the sun, evolution of living organisms, continental positions, mountain building, changes to ocean currents, volcanic eruptions, variations in the Earth’s orbital shape and tilt and collisions with extra-terrestrial objects.

Chapter 4: Glaciation. Glaciation has significant implications for topography and surficial materials and the extent, motion and melting of glaciers are important aspects of the Earth System. In this chapter we will consider some of the Earth’s past glacial periods, the persistent cooling over the Cenozoic, and the cyclical controlling factors of the Quaternary glaciations. We will compare continental and alpine glaciation and will examine glacial erosion landforms and glacial deposits and their implications for other aspects of Environmental Geology.

Chapter 5: Slope Failure. Plate motions and volcanism create steep slopes and those slopes are subject to the pull of gravity. In looking at slope failure we will consider forces on slopes, the natural angle of repose of loose materials, the importance of water, types of failure motion, classification of slope failure, the implications of glaciation for slope failure, triggers for slope failure, and implications of climate change for slope failure.

Chapter 6: Earthquakes. Earthquakes cause massive destruction and death around the world and it is important to understand them so that we can all take steps to reduce our vulnerability. We will consider plate boundary processes, rock strength, elastic deformation, sticking and slipping, rupture surfaces, seismic waves, amplification, liquefaction, earthquake predictions and warnings, and public and personal earthquake preparation.

Chapter 7: Volcanoes. As noted above, volcanic eruptions are an important component of the Earth System, but they also represent significant geological hazards. We will look at volcanism in the context of plate boundary processes, the importance of magma characteristics, volcanic hazards (lava flows, pyroclastic flows, lahars, ash fall), benefits from volcanism, predicting eruptions, and preparing for potential eruptions.

Chapter 8: Resources. Our civilization is built around a supply of metals, so it is important to understand where they come from and the implications of their extraction and use. We will consider background metal contents in rocks and metal enrichment processes, alteration of surrounding rock, mining methods, mine wastes, ore processing wastes, acid rock drainage and metal contamination, mine-waste accidents, and the effects of use of metals on climate change. We will also take a look the sources and environmental issues related to some of the metals important to modern technology, including lithium for batteries.

Chapter 9: Energy Resources. Our current way of life is tied to an abundant supply of cheap energy, and for the past 200 years that has been provided mostly by fossil fuels. As we know, that cannot continue, so we must shift our focus to sustainable energy sources. In this chapter we will look at the formation, extraction, use and emissions of coal, oil and gas. We will also consider other energy sources such as: uranium, hydro, wind, solar, geothermal, and wave energy.

Chapter 10: Soils and Clay Minerals. Eight billion people cannot live on this planet unless we grow a lot of food, so an understanding of soil is critically important. We will discuss some of the variables in soil formation, such as climate, parent material, slope and time, and also the importance of soil conservation. Clay minerals are important components of soils, but they are also significant to many other geological processes. We will consider the origins, mineralogy, properties, importance of clay minerals in the context of agriculture, climate change, earthquakes, mineral exploration, groundwater, slope failure, waste disposal, and environmental geochemistry.

Chapter 11: Water. A supply of clean water is essential to our lives, and in many areas that comes from surface sources like rivers and lakes. We will discuss the basics of hydrology, hydrographs, flood recurrence intervals, dyking, dams, and flooding, along with natural and anthropogenic contamination, and implications of climate change for surface resources. The other major water source is groundwater, and there are many ways in which surface water and groundwater are connected. In order to understand groundwater resources, we need to examine porosity and permeability, aquifers (unconfined and confined), the water table and the potentiometric surface, and hydraulic gradient. Some other issues of importance are wells and pumping, groundwater chemistry, contamination, and the implications of climate change.

Chapter 12: Karst and Caves. Caves typically develop in areas with soluble bedrock, such as limestone. They can have significant environmental implications. We’ll be looking at the surface and underground features of cave landscape, how water flows through caves, how caves form, some of the contents of cave systems, and how humans interact with caves and karst.

Chapter 13: Flooding. In terms of human and economic cost, flooding is the serious type of natural disaster, and as we have seen in recent years, it is only going to get more frequent and more serious with climate change. In this chapter we will discuss the causes and consequences of flooding, and some of the steps that can be taken to reduce the impacts of flooding.

Chapter 14: Waste Disposal. Solid waste disposal is a geological problem because most of our waste is still placed in holes in the ground. We will discuss the sources and composition of waste, waste diversion, the components of a landfill, the generation and composition of leachate solutions, and landfill gases and their contribution to climate change.

Chapter 15: Consequences of Climate Change. Chapter 3 is about some of the natural processes of climate change that have taken place over Earth’s history. In Chapter 15 we’ll focus on anthropogenic climate change and some of the serious consequences we are currently seeing, and can expect to see more of in the future, including glacial ice melt, sea-ice melt, destabilization of permafrost, extreme drought and rainfall, wildfire, sea-level rise, tropical storms, changes to ocean currents, ocean acidification, and how those changes can affect geological processes.

It isn’t difficult to see that Environmental Geology is more important now than it has ever been. This is partly because environmental issues in general are more important than ever due to the crisis of climate change and the rapidly expanding human population, but also because climate change is, to a large degree, a geological problem. We can understand its past by studying the geological record going back thousands, millions and billions of years and we can understand its present by applying geological methods to data collection and analysis. Moreover, climate change is affecting many processes that fall into the realm of Environmental Geology, such as water supply, flooding, erosion, deglaciation, and slope failure. Most important of all, we can affect the future of climate change by changing the way we do things, and every one of us has a role in making those changes.

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In This Article Expand or collapse the "in this article" section Environmental Geology

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Environmental Geology by Ellen Wohl LAST REVIEWED: 12 July 2019 LAST MODIFIED: 24 May 2017 DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199363445-0072

Environmental geology involves application of geological knowledge to the investigation of processes occurring at or near Earth’s surface in order to mitigate natural hazards and minimize environmental degradation. Environmental geology commonly focuses on four primary components. The first involves identifying and managing natural hazards, including earthquakes, floods, hillslope instability, soil erosion, subsidence, volcanoes, and wildfires. The second primary component of environmental geology involves managing use of natural resources such as minerals, soil, and water. A third component involves managing energy sources such as coal and oil to mitigate hazards and enhance sustainability. The final component relates to managing disposal of wastes such as radioactive materials or excess nutrients and investigates contaminant dispersal through erosion and deposition. Environmental geology has largely developed as a subdiscipline within geology since the 1970s, although research related to natural hazards, in particular, dates to the founding of geology as a discipline during the 18th century. The first textbook of environmental geology was published in 1982 by an American author, and courses in the subject are now widely taught in universities within the United States and throughout the world. Some of the components of environmental geology overlap with engineering geology. Engineering geologists apply geological knowledge to engineering in order to ensure that geological factors are recognized and accounted for when designing, siting, and constructing infrastructure such as roads and buildings. Engineering geologists assess potential geological hazards such as hillslope instability, erosion, and flooding, which creates overlap with environmental geology. In practice, many individuals engaged in these fields consider themselves to be both environmental and engineering geologists.

Reference works on environmental geology are notably lacking. Alexander and Fairbridge 1999 provides a thorough and useful encyclopedic treatment of the topic, although many entries are now dated.

Alexander, D. E., and R. W. Fairbridge, eds. 1999. Environmental geology . Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. The Netherlands: Springer.

Encyclopedia with 374 entries from acid corrosion to zoning regulations; entries written by experts in the topic; provides short overviews of diverse aspects of environmental geology.

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Progress and prospect of research on environmental geology of China: A review

• ZHANG Yongshuang , 
• SUN Lu , 
• YIN Xiulan , 

China Institute of Geo-environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081

• Author Bio: ZHANG Yongshuang, male, born in 1968, doctor, senior researcher, majors in engineering geology and geohazard research; E-mail: [email protected]

Environmental geology which emphasizes the entire spectrum of human interactions with the environment and aims to maintain sustainable development of human body and geological environment, has been recognized as a major concern in geology and environment research. This paper reviewed the developing process of environmental geology discipline, and discussed the significant achievements and key issues of environmental geology research in the whole world. This provides a perspective from which to propose that environmental geology research is an urgent need for geological work with the purpose of meeting the requirements of ecological civilization construction and country development. The study of the work puts forward the development direction and priorities of research areas of environmental geology in the aspects of urban environmental geology, water resource sustainable utilization and management, geological hazard monitoring and integrated control, ecological environment protection, and earth critical zone research. It is suggested that interdisciplinary research and comprehensive research on new technology and method constitute the general trend of environmental geology development, which will profoundly influence the research progress and provide better understanding of relationships between human body and geological environment, and the problem as to how to plan better to utilize resources and protect geological environment.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, [email protected].

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Research Topics & Ideas: Environment

100+ Environmental Science Research Topics & Ideas

Finding and choosing a strong research topic is the critical first step when it comes to crafting a high-quality dissertation, thesis or research project. Here, we’ll explore a variety research ideas and topic thought-starters related to various environmental science disciplines, including ecology, oceanography, hydrology, geology, soil science, environmental chemistry, environmental economics, and environmental ethics.

NB – This is just the start…

The topic ideation and evaluation process has multiple steps . In this post, we’ll kickstart the process by sharing some research topic ideas within the environmental sciences. This is the starting point though. To develop a well-defined research topic, you’ll need to identify a clear and convincing research gap , along with a well-justified plan of action to fill that gap.

If you’re new to the oftentimes perplexing world of research, or if this is your first time undertaking a formal academic research project, be sure to check out our free dissertation mini-course. Also be sure to also sign up for our free webinar that explores how to develop a high-quality research topic from scratch.

Overview: Environmental Topics

• Ecology /ecological science
• Atmospheric science
• Oceanography
• Soil science
• Environmental chemistry
• Environmental economics
• Environmental ethics
• Examples  of dissertations and theses

Topics & Ideas: Ecological Science

• The impact of land-use change on species diversity and ecosystem functioning in agricultural landscapes
• The role of disturbances such as fire and drought in shaping arid ecosystems
• The impact of climate change on the distribution of migratory marine species
• Investigating the role of mutualistic plant-insect relationships in maintaining ecosystem stability
• The effects of invasive plant species on ecosystem structure and function
• The impact of habitat fragmentation caused by road construction on species diversity and population dynamics in the tropics
• The role of ecosystem services in urban areas and their economic value to a developing nation
• The effectiveness of different grassland restoration techniques in degraded ecosystems
• The impact of land-use change through agriculture and urbanisation on soil microbial communities in a temperate environment
• The role of microbial diversity in ecosystem health and nutrient cycling in an African savannah

Topics & Ideas: Atmospheric Science

• The impact of climate change on atmospheric circulation patterns above tropical rainforests
• The role of atmospheric aerosols in cloud formation and precipitation above cities with high pollution levels
• The impact of agricultural land-use change on global atmospheric composition
• Investigating the role of atmospheric convection in severe weather events in the tropics
• The impact of urbanisation on regional and global atmospheric ozone levels
• The impact of sea surface temperature on atmospheric circulation and tropical cyclones
• The impact of solar flares on the Earth’s atmospheric composition
• The impact of climate change on atmospheric turbulence and air transportation safety
• The impact of stratospheric ozone depletion on atmospheric circulation and climate change
• The role of atmospheric rivers in global water supply and sea-ice formation

Topics & Ideas: Oceanography

• The impact of ocean acidification on kelp forests and biogeochemical cycles
• The role of ocean currents in distributing heat and regulating desert rain
• The impact of carbon monoxide pollution on ocean chemistry and biogeochemical cycles
• Investigating the role of ocean mixing in regulating coastal climates
• The impact of sea level rise on the resource availability of low-income coastal communities
• The impact of ocean warming on the distribution and migration patterns of marine mammals
• The impact of ocean deoxygenation on biogeochemical cycles in the arctic
• The role of ocean-atmosphere interactions in regulating rainfall in arid regions
• The impact of ocean eddies on global ocean circulation and plankton distribution
• The role of ocean-ice interactions in regulating the Earth’s climate and sea level

Tops & Ideas: Hydrology

• The impact of agricultural land-use change on water resources and hydrologic cycles in temperate regions
• The impact of agricultural groundwater availability on irrigation practices in the global south
• The impact of rising sea-surface temperatures on global precipitation patterns and water availability
• Investigating the role of wetlands in regulating water resources for riparian forests
• The impact of tropical ranches on river and stream ecosystems and water quality
• The impact of urbanisation on regional and local hydrologic cycles and water resources for agriculture
• The role of snow cover and mountain hydrology in regulating regional agricultural water resources
• The impact of drought on food security in arid and semi-arid regions
• The role of groundwater recharge in sustaining water resources in arid and semi-arid environments
• The impact of sea level rise on coastal hydrology and the quality of water resources

Topics & Ideas: Geology

• The impact of tectonic activity on the East African rift valley
• The role of mineral deposits in shaping ancient human societies
• The impact of sea-level rise on coastal geomorphology and shoreline evolution
• Investigating the role of erosion in shaping the landscape and impacting desertification
• The impact of mining on soil stability and landslide potential
• The impact of volcanic activity on incoming solar radiation and climate
• The role of geothermal energy in decarbonising the energy mix of megacities
• The impact of Earth’s magnetic field on geological processes and solar wind
• The impact of plate tectonics on the evolution of mammals
• The role of the distribution of mineral resources in shaping human societies and economies, with emphasis on sustainability

Topics & Ideas: Soil Science

• The impact of dam building on soil quality and fertility
• The role of soil organic matter in regulating nutrient cycles in agricultural land
• The impact of climate change on soil erosion and soil organic carbon storage in peatlands
• Investigating the role of above-below-ground interactions in nutrient cycling and soil health
• The impact of deforestation on soil degradation and soil fertility
• The role of soil texture and structure in regulating water and nutrient availability in boreal forests
• The impact of sustainable land management practices on soil health and soil organic matter
• The impact of wetland modification on soil structure and function
• The role of soil-atmosphere exchange and carbon sequestration in regulating regional and global climate
• The impact of salinization on soil health and crop productivity in coastal communities

Topics & Ideas: Environmental Chemistry

• The impact of cobalt mining on water quality and the fate of contaminants in the environment
• The role of atmospheric chemistry in shaping air quality and climate change
• The impact of soil chemistry on nutrient availability and plant growth in wheat monoculture
• Investigating the fate and transport of heavy metal contaminants in the environment
• The impact of climate change on biochemical cycling in tropical rainforests
• The impact of various types of land-use change on biochemical cycling
• The role of soil microbes in mediating contaminant degradation in the environment
• The impact of chemical and oil spills on freshwater and soil chemistry
• The role of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in shaping water and soil chemistry
• The impact of over-irrigation on the cycling and fate of persistent organic pollutants in the environment

Topics & Ideas: Environmental Economics

• The impact of climate change on the economies of developing nations
• The role of market-based mechanisms in promoting sustainable use of forest resources
• The impact of environmental regulations on economic growth and competitiveness
• Investigating the economic benefits and costs of ecosystem services for African countries
• The impact of renewable energy policies on regional and global energy markets
• The role of water markets in promoting sustainable water use in southern Africa
• The impact of land-use change in rural areas on regional and global economies
• The impact of environmental disasters on local and national economies
• The role of green technologies and innovation in shaping the zero-carbon transition and the knock-on effects for local economies
• The impact of environmental and natural resource policies on income distribution and poverty of rural communities

Topics & Ideas: Environmental Ethics

• The ethical foundations of environmentalism and the environmental movement regarding renewable energy
• The role of values and ethics in shaping environmental policy and decision-making in the mining industry
• The impact of cultural and religious beliefs on environmental attitudes and behaviours in first world countries
• Investigating the ethics of biodiversity conservation and the protection of endangered species in palm oil plantations
• The ethical implications of sea-level rise for future generations and vulnerable coastal populations
• The role of ethical considerations in shaping sustainable use of natural forest resources
• The impact of environmental justice on marginalized communities and environmental policies in Asia
• The ethical implications of environmental risks and decision-making under uncertainty
• The role of ethics in shaping the transition to a low-carbon, sustainable future for the construction industry
• The impact of environmental values on consumer behaviour and the marketplace: a case study of the ‘bring your own shopping bag’ policy

Examples: Real Dissertation & Thesis Topics

While the ideas we’ve presented above are a decent starting point for finding a research topic, they are fairly generic and non-specific. So, it helps to look at actual dissertations and theses to see how this all comes together.

Below, we’ve included a selection of research projects from various environmental science-related degree programs to help refine your thinking. These are actual dissertations and theses, written as part of Master’s and PhD-level programs, so they can provide some useful insight as to what a research topic looks like in practice.

• The physiology of microorganisms in enhanced biological phosphorous removal (Saunders, 2014)
• The influence of the coastal front on heavy rainfall events along the east coast (Henson, 2019)
• Forage production and diversification for climate-smart tropical and temperate silvopastures (Dibala, 2019)
• Advancing spectral induced polarization for near surface geophysical characterization (Wang, 2021)
• Assessment of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter and Thamnocephalus platyurus as Tools to Monitor Cyanobacterial Bloom Development and Toxicity (Hipsher, 2019)
• Evaluating the Removal of Microcystin Variants with Powdered Activated Carbon (Juang, 2020)
• The effect of hydrological restoration on nutrient concentrations, macroinvertebrate communities, and amphibian populations in Lake Erie coastal wetlands (Berg, 2019)
• Utilizing hydrologic soil grouping to estimate corn nitrogen rate recommendations (Bean, 2019)
• Fungal Function in House Dust and Dust from the International Space Station (Bope, 2021)
• Assessing Vulnerability and the Potential for Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) in Sudan’s Blue Nile Basin (Mohamed, 2022)
• A Microbial Water Quality Analysis of the Recreational Zones in the Los Angeles River of Elysian Valley, CA (Nguyen, 2019)
• Dry Season Water Quality Study on Three Recreational Sites in the San Gabriel Mountains (Vallejo, 2019)
• Wastewater Treatment Plan for Unix Packaging Adjustment of the Potential Hydrogen (PH) Evaluation of Enzymatic Activity After the Addition of Cycle Disgestase Enzyme (Miessi, 2020)
• Laying the Genetic Foundation for the Conservation of Longhorn Fairy Shrimp (Kyle, 2021).

Looking at these titles, you can probably pick up that the research topics here are quite specific and narrowly-focused , compared to the generic ones presented earlier. To create a top-notch research topic, you will need to be precise and target a specific context with specific variables of interest . In other words, you’ll need to identify a clear, well-justified research gap.

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If you’re still feeling a bit unsure about how to find a research topic for your environmental science dissertation or research project, be sure to check out our private coaching services below, as well as our Research Topic Kickstarter .

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School of Arts & Sciences

Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences

Earth & Environmental Sciences (EES) evolved from the Geology Department that was originally founded by Herman Leroy Fairchild in 1888. EES maintains its outstanding tradition of geology research, but now also represents the full range of Geoscience research, covering the solid Earth and other planets, the oceans, and the atmosphere. It is not uncommon to see research projects in our department bridging these disciplines for holistic explorations of earth and environmental science processes and properties.

EES’s mission is to conduct scientific research and teaching of the highest order to better understand our planet, its climate, and other planetary bodies, and to prepare our students for success in an ever-changing world.

EES faculty conduct research encompassing all aspects of the Earth and the environment. From planetary formation to solid Earth processes to ocean and atmosphere dynamics, we seek to better understand the history, present, and future of Earth and planetary processes and how they affect, and are affected by, the living organisms that reside on it.

Earth and Planetary Sciences

Planetary formation.

We study the origin and evolution of planets and moons in the solar system and beyond using a unique combination of theoretical models and geochemical, geophysical, and astronomical observations. This involves research with dedicated high performance computing facilities and cutting-edge laboratories on campus. The ultimate goal is to deepen our understanding of planetary systems by comparing numerical models with geological, geophysical, geochemical and astronomical observations and to make predictions as well as suggestions for future space missions.

Paleomagnetism

We study the magnetism of natural minerals to understand the origin, evolution, and habitability of Earth and other planets of our solar system. We are currently studying the Earth’s magnetic field during the Cambrian period, ca 550 million years ago. During this time, the planet saw an explosion of life and we are investigating whether there are links between protection of Earth provided by the magnetic field and this evolutionary event.

Geochemistry

We seek to understand: (i) the evolution of planetary magmas through time; (ii) the conditions of early Earth and implications for the inception of the biosphere; (iii) secular changes in the oxidation state of magmas and fluids, and the connection between the chemical state of the crust and mantle; and (iv) non-traditional mechanisms of isotope fractionation by designing and executing high pressure/temperature laboratory experiments in which we synthesize rocks and minerals under conditions appropriate to our planet, the Moon, and other "rocky" planets in our solar system.

We use seismological techniques to extract information about Earth’s internal physical properties (velocity structure, rheology, and composition). All these, believe it or not, can be decoded from basic recordings of ground vibrations delivered from seismometers scattered across the globe that have been listening to our Earth shaking.

Sediment Transport

We use mathematical theory, numerical modeling, fieldwork, and physical experiments to better understand how landforms like rivers and hillslopes fundamentally work, with an eye toward connecting geomorphology with other fields. Ongoing research focuses on the formation of large-scale spatial patterns in arctic soils and their connection to fluid instabilities; sediment diffusion in rivers; the evolution of blocky, rocky hillslopes; and development and testing of landscape evolution models.

Oceans and Atmosphere

Climate and ice cores.

We study the atmospheric composition and climate by utilizing modeling and field observations from various atmospheric locations across the globe and glacier ice. Our research examines the various interplays between atmospheric chemistry, climate, and biogeochemical cycles. Particular focus to date has been to understand the factors that control the atmosphere’s ability to self-cleanse itself of the various air pollutants and reactive greenhouse gases injected into it by human activity and nature and to understand past changes in the methane budget.

Carbon Dynamics

We use isotope geochemistry and uranium-thorium series radionuclides to track carbon as it enters, moves within, and exits the world’s oceans to better understand the mechanisms for past and current changes in marine carbon cycling. The dynamics of related elements, such as iron, nitrogen, and manganese, are also explored with measurements conducted in the Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans.

Biogeochemistry

We use field observations and numerical models to understand various processes concerning the biogeochemistry of the oceans and aquatic environments. This research (1) explores greenhouse gas dynamics within marine and aquatic systems to quantify feedbacks associated with global climate change, (2) investigates factors influencing the strength of the biological pump, and (3) studies the sensitivity of marine organisms to environmental change.

Paleoceanography

The Paleoceanography laboratory uses the isotopic and chemical composition of microfossils (i.e., foraminifera) and marine sediments to investigate changes in ocean circulation, ocean chemistry, and climate during the last 66 million years of Earth’s history (Cenozoic). The long-term goal of this group is to study the interactions among the oceans, the atmosphere, and the biosphere over long geological time scales to improve our ability to forecast how these interactions will evolve in the future.

Research Groups

• Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Group
• Biochemical Oceanography Group
• Dirt, Rivers, Ice and Particles (DRIP) Lab
• Early Earth and Experimental Geochemistry Group
• Ice Core and Atmospheric Chemistry Lab
• Ocean BioGeoChemistry Group
• Paleoceanography Research Group
• Paleomagnetic Research Group
• Planetary Science Laboratory
• Seismology and Computational Geophysics
• Structural Geology and Tectonics Group
• Tracking Radioisotopes for Aquatic Chemistry and Environmental Research (TRACER) Lab

• Marine and Environmental Geology (MEG)

The Marine and Environmental Geology Program (MEG) is focused on the physical, biological and chemical interactions that characterize earth surface environments. The program includes instructional and research opportunities in a wide range of topics related to marine and tropical environments. Because of our unique geographic location and diverse ethnic population, Hawaiʻi is an excellent natural laboratory to study the interaction of humans with natural environmental systems. Special areas of emphasis include carbonate geology, coastal geology, groundwater hydrology, paleoclimatology, marine biogeochemistry, and sedimentology/stratigraphy. Although much of our research is done within the Hawaiian Islands, we also study other Pacific islands, Asia, and modern and ancient sedimentary environments around the world. The MEG program consists of three main areas of research, described below.

Research Programs

Coastal Geology : Hawaiʻi's beaches and reefs are world-renowned for their beauty; understanding the processes which shape them helps us preserve their splendor, which is an important motivation for research in this field. Studies in this program have a particular emphasis on nearshore processes, coastal sedimentation and erosion, remote sensing of reefs, geologic history of Hawaiian reefs, Pacific basin sea level history, and submarine landslides. Research also focuses on carbonate petrology and petrography to derive clues to past environmental changes as well as post-depositional geochemical changes to island limestones.

Marine Sedimentary Environments: Hawaiʻi's central location within the Pacific allows easy access to a wealth of shallow- to deep marine environments, where sediments record the history of changes in ocean chemistry and productivity and their relationships to tectonic movements and climate change. Such studies are focused on micropaleontology, geobiology, paleoceanography and paleoclimatology, organic and inorganic isotope biogeochemistry, marine authigenic minerals, carbonate sedimentology and the physical properties of sediments and crustal rocks.

Hydrogeology of Tropical Volcanic Islands: Almost all types of hydrologic environments are found in the Hawaiian Islands, ranging from near-desert conditions with annual rainfalls of less than 25 cm to Mt. Waialeale on Kauai, one of the wettest spots on Earth with rainfall of over 10m per year; from sea level tropical rain forests to snow and permafrost conditions at the top of Mauna Kea at 4200m above sea level. Human activities related to tourism and agriculture introduce additional complexities into this delicately balanced environmental system. This unique setting presents important opportunities to study groundwater transport and contaminant fate processes in the nearshore environment, groundwater modeling, and the hydro-geology of Pacific islands and atolls. Recent research includes application and assessment of groundwater models, geochemical tracers, databases and GIS, agriculural contamination and bioremediation.

Other opportunities: Many of research efforts in this program involve participation in several marine expeditions each year. Graduate students in our program are encouraged to participate in these voyages as a part of their career training. The program is multidisciplinary with cooperating faculty and courses from several other departments including Civil Engineering, Soil Sciences, Oceanography and Geography. The diverse research and teaching interests of the faculty make it possible to tailor graduate degree work to fit the needs and desires of the student.

Related Faculty

• Sloan Coats
• Henrietta Dulai
• Aly El-Kadi
• Charles "Chip" Fletcher
• Craig Glenn
• Gregory Ravizza
• Geophysics and Tectonics (G&T)
• Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology (VGP)

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CAS researchers awarded Dean’s Challenge Grant for Chicago River project

• Author By Angie Meiners
• April 9, 2024

A group of Illinois State researchers have received a $6,000 College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) Dean’s Challenge Grant to research the impact of floating gardens on the Chicago River. Drs. Mike Hendricks and Noha Shawki, both of the Department of Politics and Government, received this funding in collaboration with Dr. Joan Brehm, of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, and Drs. Eric Peterson and Alec Foster, both of the Department of Geography, Geology, and the Environment.

Their project focuses on the impact of floating gardens in the Chicago River, a green infrastructure initiative supported by Urban Rivers. These gardens aim to counter climate change effects and transform urban waterways into wildlife habitats. The study monitors the community effects, considering floating gardens as green spaces for urban populations. While highlighting ecological and social benefits, it recognizes disparities in access to green spaces, potentially exacerbated by floating garden installations.

The project emphasizes the need to understand the interplay between environmental solutions and community dynamics for effective climate change mitigation and conservation. A broader goal is to promote inclusivity, diversity, equity, access, and community engagement in green space development. They will engage with communities through science communication events using participatory action research with stakeholders. They will analyze adaptable strategies for mitigating adverse impacts and translating research into actionable solutions for equitable and sustainable access to green spaces that resonate in all contexts.

Their proposal is not just an academic endeavor; it is a holistic approach to the multifaceted challenges posed by climate change. They seek sustainable and equitable solutions, empowering communities and promoting social justice in conservation efforts and the fight against climate change.

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• Normal, Illinois 1

GA Research - Geography, Geology and the Environment - FY25

Title: GA Research - Geography, Geology and the Environment - FY25 Division Name: Academic Affairs Department: Geography, Geology, and the Environment Campus Location: Normal, IL

Job Summary

Graduate research assistants are generally assigned to individual faculty members to assist with their research, and the majority of the assigned duties are tied to this research. The nature of the assistance varies by discipline and can involve a variety of activities such as: 1. Library work 2. Proposal writing 3. Data gathering 4. Data analysis This position will assist faculty with grant related research.

Salary Rate / Pay Rate

Per offer letter

Required Qualifications

1. Must be an admitted degree seeking graduate student in Hydrogeology Master's program at Illinois State University 2. BS in Geology or related discipline 3. Eligible for appointment as per the requirements in the Graduate Assistant Handbook which can be found at http://hr.illinoisstate.edu/downloads/GA_Handbook.pdf 4. Must be registered for at least 3 credit hours during the summer semester.

Will be determined by the supervising faculty.

Proposed Starting Date

Per specific offer letter or to be determined by supervising faculty

Required Applicant Documents

Resume, Cover letter, Reference List

Please Note : These documents are required to be submitted online in order to complete the application process. Please have these documents ready prior to clicking on "Apply"

Special Instructions for Applicants

Note: If you have not yet been assigned a University ID, but are interested in applying for this graduate assistantship, please proceed with the graduate assistant application process. For the first question regarding your University ID, simply enter in nine (9) zeros (e.g., 000000000). You must be eligible for employment in the United States and at Illinois State University and/or for the number of hours required for the position. Illinois State University student employees are restricted to no more than 28 hours per week of on-campus employment for all positions held. International students are restricted by their visa status to no more than 20 hours per week of on-campus employment when the university is in session but may work up to 28 hours per week when the university is not in session. Please contact the Office of International Student and Scholar Services for guidance on visa restrictions on work hours. The University cannot grant exceptions to visa status rules/laws.

Contact Information for Applicants

Laura Roethle, [email protected]

Important Information for Applicants

This position is subject to a criminal background investigation and if applicable, an employment history review, based on University Policy 3.1.30 and any offer of employment is contingent upon you passing a satisfactory criminal background investigation and/or an employment history review. You may not begin work until the criminal background investigation results have been received and cleared by Human Resources.

Illinois State University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, or status as a protected veteran.

If you are an individual with a disability and need a reasonable accommodation under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) or other state or federal law you may request an accommodation by contacting the Office of Equal Opportunity and Access at (309) 438-3383 . The Office of Equal Opportunity and Access will hold any confidential information you provide in confidence.

If you are having difficulty accessing the system, please call Human Resources at (309) 438-8311 .

Application Opened: 04/10/2024 09:00 AM CST Application Closes:

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