python problem solving techniques

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• Computer Vision
• Problem Solving in Python
• Intro to DS and Algo
• Analysis of Algorithm
• Dictionaries
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• All Pair Shortest Path
• Minimum Spanning Tree
• Kruskal & Prim’s

Problem-solving is the process of identifying a problem, creating an algorithm to solve the given problem, and finally implementing the algorithm to develop a computer program .

An algorithm is a process or set of rules to be followed while performing calculations or other problem-solving operations. It is simply a set of steps to accomplish a certain task.

In this article, we will discuss 5 major steps for efficient problem-solving. These steps are:

• Understanding the Problem
• Exploring Examples
• Breaking the Problem Down
• Solving or Simplification
• Looking back and Refactoring

While understanding the problem, we first need to closely examine the language of the question and then proceed further. The following questions can be helpful while understanding the given problem at hand.

• Can the problem be restated in our own words?
• What are the inputs that are needed for the problem?
• What are the outputs that come from the problem?
• Can the outputs be determined from the inputs? In other words, do we have enough information to solve the given problem?
• What should the important pieces of data be labeled?

Example : Write a function that takes two numbers and returns their sum.

• Implement addition
• Integer, Float, etc.

Once we have understood the given problem, we can look up various examples related to it. The examples should cover all situations that can be encountered while the implementation.

• Start with simple examples.
• Progress to more complex examples.
• Explore examples with empty inputs.
• Explore examples with invalid inputs.

Example : Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the count of each character

After exploring examples related to the problem, we need to break down the given problem. Before implementation, we write out the steps that need to be taken to solve the question.

Once we have laid out the steps to solve the problem, we try to find the solution to the question. If the solution cannot be found, try to simplify the problem instead.

The steps to simplify a problem are as follows:

• Find the core difficulty
• Temporarily ignore the difficulty
• Write a simplified solution
• Then incorporate that difficulty

Since we have completed the implementation of the problem, we now look back at the code and refactor it if required. It is an important step to refactor the code so as to improve efficiency.

The following questions can be helpful while looking back at the code and refactoring:

• Can we check the result?
• Can we derive the result differently?
• Can we understand it at a glance?
• Can we use the result or mehtod for some other problem?
• Can you improve the performance of the solution?
• How do other people solve the problem?

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Python Basics: Problem Solving with Code

This course is part of Python Basics for Online Research Specialization

Taught in English

Some content may not be translated

Instructor: Seth Frey

Financial aid available

What you'll learn

Explore your own web browsing habits and manage code complexity and reading manuals.

Discuss how Python understands complex and real world things, and practice looking under the hood of a single tweet.

Apply the building blocks of Python and turn it into a little language for drawing pictures.

Practice "debugging" code and learn to think the way code thinks.

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There are 4 modules in this course

A lot of code is building up from the most basic primitive elements of the language to increasingly faithful and meaningful things. In this course you will see how to author more complex ideas and capabilities in Python. In technical terms, you will learn dictionaries and how to work with them and nest them, functions, refactoring, and debugging, all of which are also thinking tools for the art of problem solving. We'll use this knowledge to explore our browsing history, interrogate a tweet, and draw pictures.

Examining Your Own Web Browsing Habits in Python

Can you use code to learn about...yourself? We're starting this course with a module in which you explore web browsing habits. If you installed the plugins for tracking your web history, you'll be able to explore your own. As this code gets more involved, you'll also get more advice on managing code complexity and reading manuals. Let's get started!

What's included

3 videos 5 readings 1 quiz 1 programming assignment 2 discussion prompts

3 videos • Total 20 minutes

• Course Introduction • 3 minutes • Preview module
• Hiding from the Complexity • 3 minutes
• Demo: Web History Walkthrough • 13 minutes

5 readings • Total 65 minutes

• A Note From UC Davis • 10 minutes
• Internet Mapping Glitch • 10 minutes
• Jupyter Notebook Tutorials • 30 minutes
• Demo and Code Lesson Walkthrough "How To" • 5 minutes
• SETUP: Self-Surveillance with Privacy Badger • 10 minutes

1 quiz • Total 15 minutes

• Module 1 Quiz • 15 minutes

1 programming assignment • Total 30 minutes

• Demo: Web History • 30 minutes

2 discussion prompts • Total 20 minutes

• Learning Goals • 10 minutes
• Web History • 10 minutes

Representing Complex Ideas in Python

Understanding how Python understands the world brings us to "dictionaries", which are kind of like lists, but they allow more variety and structure. This module will build up to representing increasingly complex real world things. We will build up to looking under the hood of a single tweet, and understanding the "social" in "social media".

10 videos 1 quiz 1 programming assignment 1 discussion prompt

10 videos • Total 47 minutes

• Introduction • 2 minutes • Preview module
• Python "Dictionaries" • 4 minutes
• Checking for Things in Dictionaries • 1 minute
• How is This not a List? • 2 minutes
• Collections in Collections • 2 minutes
• Dictionaries in Dictionaries • 3 minutes
• Looking at a Complex Dictionary • 3 minutes
• Looping Through a Dictionary • 9 minutes
• Representing Things in the Real World • 5 minutes
• Bringing it all Together • 11 minutes

1 quiz • Total 30 minutes

• Module 2 Quiz • 30 minutes

1 programming assignment • Total 100 minutes

• Code Lesson: Dictionaries and Nested Dictionaries • 100 minutes

1 discussion prompt • Total 10 minutes

• Obstacles and Opportunities • 10 minutes

Making Pictures with Robots

Everything you've learned in this course about Python is just basic building blocks that programmers use to build bigger building blocks of their own. In this module, we'll do precisely that, turning Python into a little language for drawing pictures, a DIY MS Paint.

8 videos 1 reading 1 quiz 1 programming assignment 1 discussion prompt

8 videos • Total 56 minutes

• Introduction • 3 minutes • Preview module
• Creating Functions • 6 minutes
• Functions are Flexible • 9 minutes
• Functions as Little Worlds • 4 minutes
• Turtle Graphics and Building Meaning with Functions • 7 minutes
• Functions for Avoiding Tedium • 8 minutes
• "Refactoring" • 11 minutes
• Bringing it all Together • 5 minutes

1 reading • Total 30 minutes

• Algorithmic Bias • 30 minutes
• Module 3 Quiz • 30 minutes

1 programming assignment • Total 120 minutes

• Code Lesson: Adding Functionality to Code • 120 minutes
• Why Code? • 10 minutes

A Strategy for Hunting Bugs

A major part of programming that no one ever tells you about is "debugging": spending seconds, minutes, hours, or even days going through code that should work to understand why it doesn't. This demoralizing subject stops a lot of beginners, but there is a way to be good at it, and that is a major part of learning to think the way code thinks.

5 videos 2 readings 1 quiz 2 discussion prompts

5 videos • Total 57 minutes

• How to Debug Code, Part 1 • 19 minutes • Preview module
• How to Debug Code, Part 2 • 21 minutes
• How to Debug Code, Part 3 • 3 minutes
• Becoming a Good Coder • 10 minutes
• Course Summary • 2 minutes

2 readings • Total 20 minutes

• Additional Resources • 10 minutes
• Course Credits • 10 minutes
• Module 4 Quiz • 15 minutes

2 discussion prompts • Total 40 minutes

• Debugging • 30 minutes
• Self-Reflection • 10 minutes

UC Davis, one of the nation’s top-ranked research universities, is a global leader in agriculture, veterinary medicine, sustainability, environmental and biological sciences, and technology. With four colleges and six professional schools, UC Davis and its students and alumni are known for their academic excellence, meaningful public service and profound international impact.

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Access to lectures and assignments depends on your type of enrollment. If you take a course in audit mode, you will be able to see most course materials for free. To access graded assignments and to earn a Certificate, you will need to purchase the Certificate experience, during or after your audit. If you don't see the audit option:

The course may not offer an audit option. You can try a Free Trial instead, or apply for Financial Aid.

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When you enroll in the course, you get access to all of the courses in the Specialization, and you earn a certificate when you complete the work. Your electronic Certificate will be added to your Accomplishments page - from there, you can print your Certificate or add it to your LinkedIn profile. If you only want to read and view the course content, you can audit the course for free.

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10 Python Practice Exercises for Beginners with Solutions

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A great way to improve quickly at programming with Python is to practice with a wide range of exercises and programming challenges. In this article, we give you 10 Python practice exercises to boost your skills.

Practice exercises are a great way to learn Python. Well-designed exercises expose you to new concepts, such as writing different types of loops, working with different data structures like lists, arrays, and tuples, and reading in different file types. Good exercises should be at a level that is approachable for beginners but also hard enough to challenge you, pushing your knowledge and skills to the next level.

If you’re new to Python and looking for a structured way to improve your programming, consider taking the Python Basics Practice course. It includes 17 interactive exercises designed to improve all aspects of your programming and get you into good programming habits early. Read about the course in the March 2023 episode of our series Python Course of the Month .

Take the course Python Practice: Word Games , and you gain experience working with string functions and text files through its 27 interactive exercises.  Its release announcement gives you more information and a feel for how it works.

Each course has enough material to keep you busy for about 10 hours. To give you a little taste of what these courses teach you, we have selected 10 Python practice exercises straight from these courses. We’ll give you the exercises and solutions with detailed explanations about how they work.

To get the most out of this article, have a go at solving the problems before reading the solutions. Some of these practice exercises have a few possible solutions, so also try to come up with an alternative solution after you’ve gone through each exercise.

Let’s get started!

Exercise 1: User Input and Conditional Statements

Write a program that asks the user for a number then prints the following sentence that number of times: ‘I am back to check on my skills!’ If the number is greater than 10, print this sentence instead: ‘Python conditions and loops are a piece of cake.’ Assume you can only pass positive integers.

Here, we start by using the built-in function input() , which accepts user input from the keyboard. The first argument is the prompt displayed on the screen; the input is converted into an integer with int() and saved as the variable number. If the variable number is greater than 10, the first message is printed once on the screen. If not, the second message is printed in a loop number times.

Exercise 2: Lowercase and Uppercase Characters

Below is a string, text . It contains a long string of characters. Your task is to iterate over the characters of the string, count uppercase letters and lowercase letters, and print the result:

We start this one by initializing the two counters for uppercase and lowercase characters. Then, we loop through every letter in text and check if it is lowercase. If so, we increment the lowercase counter by one. If not, we check if it is uppercase and if so, we increment the uppercase counter by one. Finally, we print the results in the required format.

Exercise 3: Building Triangles

Create a function named is_triangle_possible() that accepts three positive numbers. It should return True if it is possible to create a triangle from line segments of given lengths and False otherwise. With 3 numbers, it is sometimes, but not always, possible to create a triangle: You cannot create a triangle from a = 13, b = 2, and c = 3, but you can from a = 13, b = 9, and c = 10.

The key to solving this problem is to determine when three lines make a triangle regardless of the type of triangle. It may be helpful to start drawing triangles before you start coding anything.

Notice that the sum of any two sides must be larger than the third side to form a triangle. That means we need a + b > c, c + b > a, and a + c > b. All three conditions must be met to form a triangle; hence we need the and condition in the solution. Once you have this insight, the solution is easy!

Exercise 4: Call a Function From Another Function

Create two functions: print_five_times() and speak() . The function print_five_times() should accept one parameter (called sentence) and print it five times. The function speak(sentence, repeat) should have two parameters: sentence (a string of letters), and repeat (a Boolean with a default value set to False ). If the repeat parameter is set to False , the function should just print a sentence once. If the repeat parameter is set to True, the function should call the print_five_times() function.

This is a good example of calling a function in another function. It is something you’ll do often in your programming career. It is also a nice demonstration of how to use a Boolean flag to control the flow of your program.

If the repeat parameter is True, the print_five_times() function is called, which prints the sentence parameter 5 times in a loop. Otherwise, the sentence parameter is just printed once. Note that in Python, writing if repeat is equivalent to if repeat == True .

Exercise 5: Looping and Conditional Statements

Write a function called find_greater_than() that takes two parameters: a list of numbers and an integer threshold. The function should create a new list containing all numbers in the input list greater than the given threshold. The order of numbers in the result list should be the same as in the input list. For example:

Here, we start by defining an empty list to store our results. Then, we loop through all elements in the input list and test if the element is greater than the threshold. If so, we append the element to the new list.

Notice that we do not explicitly need an else and pass to do nothing when integer is not greater than threshold . You may include this if you like.

Exercise 6: Nested Loops and Conditional Statements

Write a function called find_censored_words() that accepts a list of strings and a list of special characters as its arguments, and prints all censored words from it one by one in separate lines. A word is considered censored if it has at least one character from the special_chars list. Use the word_list variable to test your function. We've prepared the two lists for you:

This is another nice example of looping through a list and testing a condition. We start by looping through every word in word_list . Then, we loop through every character in the current word and check if the current character is in the special_chars list.

This time, however, we have a break statement. This exits the inner loop as soon as we detect one special character since it does not matter if we have one or several special characters in the word.

Exercise 7: Lists and Tuples

Create a function find_short_long_word(words_list) . The function should return a tuple of the shortest word in the list and the longest word in the list (in that order). If there are multiple words that qualify as the shortest word, return the first shortest word in the list. And if there are multiple words that qualify as the longest word, return the last longest word in the list. For example, for the following list:

the function should return

Assume the input list is non-empty.

The key to this problem is to start with a “guess” for the shortest and longest words. We do this by creating variables shortest_word and longest_word and setting both to be the first word in the input list.

We loop through the words in the input list and check if the current word is shorter than our initial “guess.” If so, we update the shortest_word variable. If not, we check to see if it is longer than or equal to our initial “guess” for the longest word, and if so, we update the longest_word variable. Having the >= condition ensures the longest word is the last longest word. Finally, we return the shortest and longest words in a tuple.

Exercise 8: Dictionaries

As you see, we've prepared the test_results variable for you. Your task is to iterate over the values of the dictionary and print all names of people who received less than 45 points.

Here, we have an example of how to iterate through a dictionary. Dictionaries are useful data structures that allow you to create a key (the names of the students) and attach a value to it (their test results). Dictionaries have the dictionary.items() method, which returns an object with each key:value pair in a tuple.

The solution shows how to loop through this object and assign a key and a value to two variables. Then, we test whether the value variable is greater than 45. If so, we print the key variable.

Exercise 9: More Dictionaries

Write a function called consonant_vowels_count(frequencies_dictionary, vowels) that takes a dictionary and a list of vowels as arguments. The keys of the dictionary are letters and the values are their frequencies. The function should print the total number of consonants and the total number of vowels in the following format:

For example, for input:

the output should be:

Working with dictionaries is an important skill. So, here’s another exercise that requires you to iterate through dictionary items.

We start by defining a list of vowels. Next, we need to define two counters, one for vowels and one for consonants, both set to zero. Then, we iterate through the input dictionary items and test whether the key is in the vowels list. If so, we increase the vowels counter by one, if not, we increase the consonants counter by one. Finally, we print out the results in the required format.

Exercise 10: String Encryption

Implement the Caesar cipher . This is a simple encryption technique that substitutes every letter in a word with another letter from some fixed number of positions down the alphabet.

For example, consider the string 'word' . If we shift every letter down one position in the alphabet, we have 'xpse' . Shifting by 2 positions gives the string 'yqtf' . Start by defining a string with every letter in the alphabet:

Name your function cipher(word, shift) , which accepts a string to encrypt, and an integer number of positions in the alphabet by which to shift every letter.

This exercise is taken from the Word Games course. We have our string containing all lowercase letters, from which we create a shifted alphabet using a clever little string-slicing technique. Next, we create an empty string to store our encrypted word. Then, we loop through every letter in the word and find its index, or position, in the alphabet. Using this index, we get the corresponding shifted letter from the shifted alphabet string. This letter is added to the end of the new_word string.

This is just one approach to solving this problem, and it only works for lowercase words. Try inputting a word with an uppercase letter; you’ll get a ValueError . When you take the Word Games course, you slowly work up to a better solution step-by-step. This better solution takes advantage of two built-in functions chr() and ord() to make it simpler and more robust. The course contains three similar games, with each game comprising several practice exercises to build up your knowledge.

Do You Want More Python Practice Exercises?

We have given you a taste of the Python practice exercises available in two of our courses, Python Basics Practice and Python Practice: Word Games . These courses are designed to develop skills important to a successful Python programmer, and the exercises above were taken directly from the courses. Sign up for our platform (it’s free!) to find more exercises like these.

We’ve discussed Different Ways to Practice Python in the past, and doing interactive exercises is just one way. Our other tips include reading books, watching videos, and taking on projects. For tips on good books for Python, check out “ The 5 Best Python Books for Beginners .” It’s important to get the basics down first and make sure your practice exercises are fun, as we discuss in “ What’s the Best Way to Practice Python? ” If you keep up with your practice exercises, you’ll become a Python master in no time!

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Python Problem Solving

Welcome to the Python Problem Solving section. A collection of many different scenarios and problems that may arise during your Coding journey. Follow the individual links to see the main article which contains a detailed step by step break down of the solution.

Q. How to create Backups in Python using Zip Files?

Q. how to iterate through multi dimensional arrays , q. how to take input from the user with a user interface (tkinter gui), q. how to update/change values dynamically on a gui (tkinter), q. how to remove the newline (/n) character while reading from files, q. how to create a spreadsheet (tkinter gui), q. how to create an undo button (tkinter gui), q. how to edit a file, q. how to improve tkinter gui screen resolution (fix for blurriness), q. how to skip captcha and bot checks while web scraping, q. how to create a save and load system for a game or application, q. how to dynamically update values in a matplotlib graph, q. how to create multiple tkinter gui windows , q. how to take a password as input from the user (tkinter).

Alternate technique without Tkinter.

Q. How to create an Open File dialog?

Q. how to check if a specific file paths exists, q. how to change the font type and size in tkinter , q. trigger a function if user tries to close tkinter window, q. how to make a time/date based expiration for my software, q. how to disable resizing in a tkinter window , q. how to make my tkinter window start up in the center, q. how to subtract two dates from each other.

This marks the end of the Python problem solving section. Any suggestions or contributions are more than welcome. Any questions can be asked below in the comments section. Help us improve CodersLegacy.

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40 Python Exercises for Beginners

If you’re new to Python and want to learn the basics and expand, our free Python exercises for beginners are a great place to start. Our 40 exercises cover numbers, strings, loops, functions, and other data structures, and they’re all designed to be easy to follow. So what are you waiting for? Start practicing today and build a strong foundation in Python.

Python Exercises Every Beginner Should Practice

Practice with basic Python exercises.

• Basic Exercises
• Loop Exercises
• List | Tuple | Dict

Try the below links for Python DS exercises.

• String Exercises
• DS Exercises
• Data Classes

Drive your skills to the next level.

• Function Quiz
• File I/O Quiz
• Threading Quiz

Use our online Python IDE to run and test your Python scripts.

Python Basic Level-1 Exercises

Here are the first 5 Python exercises for beginners along with their descriptions and solutions. These are often given to interview candidates to assess their basic Python knowledge.

1. String Reversal

Description: Write a function that accepts a string as input and returns the reversed string. This exercise focuses on string manipulation using slicing in Python . You will learn how to reverse a string by leveraging Python’s  indexing and slicing features.

Also Try: 7 Ways to Reverse a List in Python

2. List Comprehension

Description: Write a program that takes a list of numbers and returns a new list containing only the even numbers. This exercise introduces list comprehension in Python , a concise way to create new lists based on existing ones. You will practice using conditional statements within list comprehensions to filter elements.

Here is a basic flowchart to cover the simple logic of finding even numbers.

3. FizzBuzz

Description: Write a program that prints the numbers from 1 to 100. For multiples of three, print “Fizz” instead of the number, and for multiples of five, print “Buzz”. This exercise emphasizes the use of conditional statements ( Python if-else ) to perform specific actions based on given conditions. You will practice control flow and modulo operations.

Below is a flowchart to illustrate the FizzBuzz algo.

4. Check if Two Strings are Anagrams

Description: Write a function that takes two strings as input and returns True if they are anagrams (contain the same characters with the same frequency), False otherwise. This exercise involves comparing the characters and their frequencies in two strings to determine if they are anagrams. You will practice string manipulation, sorting, and comparison.

Check this flowchart to create a mindmap on how to solve this.

5. Prime Number Check

Description: Write a function that accepts a number as input and returns True if it is a prime number, and False otherwise. This exercise focuses on prime number determination using basic looping and mathematical operations. You will learn about loops, conditions, numbers, and Python range() .

Refer to this flowchart to understand the logic of filtering prime numbers first.

Level-1 Practice Exercises

Good, now you must start feeling comfortable in solving Python programming problems. Next, we leave you with 5 basic Python exercises. Start building logic to solve these challenges.

• Find the Maximum Number
• Calculate the Average of a List
• Check if a Number is Palindrome
• Count Vowels in a String
• Calculate the Factorial of a Number in Python

Don’t miss to check out the next 5 Python exercises for beginners. These are often asked in Python’s technical interview rounds, along with their descriptions and solutions.

Python Basic Level-2 Exercises

The difficulty of the exercises will increase gradually in this section. The first exercise is the simplest, while the last one is the most difficult. We encourage you to attempt all of the exercises.

6. Greatest Common Divisor

Description: Write a function that takes two numbers and returns their greatest common divisor (GCD). This exercise requires implementing the Euclidean algorithm to find the GCD of two numbers. You will practice using loops and conditional statements to perform repetitive calculations.

Before jumping on the code, try to solve it in using pen and paper.

7. Linear Search

Description: Write a function that takes a list and a target element and returns the index of the target element in the list, or -1 if it is not found. This exercise demonstrates the concept of linear search, which involves iterating through a list to find a specific element. You will practice using loops and conditions to perform element comparisons.

Let’s find out how the linear search works using the below flowchart first.

8. FizzBuzz with a Twist

Description: Write a program that prints the numbers from 1 to 100. For multiples of three, print “Fizz”. For multiples of five, print “Buzz”. Additionally, for numbers containing the digit 3, print “Fizz”. This exercise builds upon the FizzBuzz concept while introducing additional conditions based on digit presence. You will practice using string manipulation, modulo operations, and conditions.

9. Binary Search

Description: Write a function that takes a sorted list and a target element and returns the index of the target element using binary search, or -1 if it is not found. This exercise involves implementing the binary search algorithm to efficiently locate an element in a sorted list. You will learn about the concept of divide and conquer, and how to use recursion or iterative approaches to perform a binary search.

Binary search is fancy, and implementing it can be a bit tricky. So, it’s better to draw the flow on paper to avoid too many hits and trials on the computer.

10. Matrix Transposition

Description: Write a function that takes a matrix (2D list) and returns its transpose (rows become columns and vice versa). This exercise focuses on working with nested lists and performing matrix transposition. You will practice using list comprehension and indexing to transform rows into columns and vice versa.

Level-2 Practice Exercises

Here are 5 intermediate-level Python exercises for you to practice.

• Reverse Words in a Sentence
• Sort a List of Strings Alphabetically
• Check if a Number is a Perfect Square
• Find the Second Largest Number in a List
• Remove Duplicate Elements from a List

So far, you have gone through 20 (10 solved and 10 for practice ) Python exercises for beginners. Now is the time to take up a bit more challenging problems. You may now have reached the apex of problem-solving in Python programming.

Python Basic Level-3 Exercises

These exercises are all challenging, but they are also all achievable with a good understanding of Python. If you can solve these exercises, you will be well on your way to becoming an advanced Python programmer.

11. Armstrong Number Check

Description: Write a function that takes a number as input and returns True if it is an Armstrong number (the sum of cubes of its digits is equal to the number itself), False otherwise. This exercise involves decomposing a number into its digits, performing computations, and comparing the result with the original number. You will practice using loops, arithmetic operations, and conditionals.

Do you know the fact that flowcharts are the magic key to solving many difficult problems? They are far away from any language barrier. So, you will get help irrespective of the language you use.

12. Fibonacci Series

Description: Write a function that generates the Fibonacci series up to a specified number of terms. This exercise focuses on the Fibonacci sequence, where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones. You will practice using loops and variables to calculate and display the series.

The Fibonacci sequence, named after the Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, who is also known as Fibonacci, is like a mathematical dance of numbers. Let’s first sketch it out using a flowchart.

13. Pascal’s Triangle

Description: Write a function that generates Pascal’s triangle up to a specified number of rows. This exercise involves constructing Pascal’s triangle, where each number is the sum of the two numbers directly above it. You will practice using nested loops, lists, and indexing to create and display the triangle.

Pascal’s Triangle is a special arrangement of numbers where each number is the sum of the two above it. It helps in probability, counting combinations, and solving problems in a structured way. It’s like a math tool that makes certain calculations easier. Would you mind if we first solve it using a flowchart?

14. Merge Sort

Description: Write a function that implements the Merge Sort algorithm to sort a list of numbers. This exercise introduces the concept of merge sort, a recursive sorting algorithm that divides the list into smaller sublists, sorts them, and merges them back together. You will learn about recursion, list slicing , and merging sorted lists.

Merge Sort sorts a list by dividing it into tiny parts, sorting each part, and then getting them back together. Take it like, you are sorting toys by breaking them into groups, sorting each group, and then neatly combining them. Below is a flowchart depicting the flow code in the solution part.

15. Find the Missing Number

Description: Write a function that takes a list of numbers from 1 to n (with one number missing) and returns the missing number. This exercise involves finding the missing number in a list by comparing the expected sum with the actual sum. You will practice list iteration, arithmetic operations, and conditional statements.

Here”Find the Missing Number” is like solving a number puzzle. You have a list with one number missing. To find it, you add up all the numbers in a special way and compare it with the sum of the given numbers. The difference is the missing number – like figuring out the secret code! Check out its flowchart.

Level-3 Practice Exercises

Take up the following advanced-level Python exercises and put your knowledge to the test.

• Find the Median of a List
• Implement a Stack Data Structure
• Generate Permutations of a List
• Calculate the Power of a Number
• Reverse Bits of a Number

Finally, we are in the final lap of 40 Python exercises for beginners. So, brace for an ultimate test of your programming excellence. And, don’t forget to enter the last level of Python programming problems, hit the next button now.

Python Basic Level-4 Exercises

Hey there, beginners! Are you ready to take on the challenge of 5 expert-level Python exercises? Push your coding expertise to the limit and conquer complex problems with advanced algorithms and data structures. Get set to level up your Python skills and become a coding maestro!

16. Count Words in a Sentence

Description: Write a function that takes a sentence as input and returns the count of each word in the sentence. This exercise focuses on word frequency analysis, where you will split a sentence into words, create a frequency dictionary, and count the occurrences of each word. You will practice string manipulation, loop iteration, and Python dictionary operations.

“Count Words in a Sentence” is like keeping track of people in a group. Think of your sentence as the group, and your task is to figure out how many people (words) are there. You go through each word, and whenever you come across a new one, you mark it down. The final count tells you how many people, or words, are in the group. Let’s now get to it flowchart.

17. Remove Duplicates from a List

Description: Write a function that takes a list and returns a new list with duplicate elements removed while preserving the order of the remaining elements. This exercise focuses on removing duplicates from a list by iterating over it, checking for duplicates, and creating a new list without duplicates. You will practice list manipulation, element comparisons, and list comprehension.

18. Binary to Decimal Conversion

Description: Write a function that takes a binary number as input and returns its decimal equivalent. This exercise involves converting a binary number to its decimal representation using positional notation. You will practice string manipulation, arithmetic operations, and exponentiation.

19. Check if Linked List is Palindrome

Description: Write a function that takes the head of a linked list as input and returns True if the linked list is a palindrome (reads the same forward and backward), False otherwise. This exercise focuses on checking if a linked list is a palindrome by comparing elements from both ends. You will practice linked list traversal, stack data structure usage, and element comparisons.

These exercises cover a range of concepts and can help beginners improve their problem-solving skills in Python.

20. Reverse a Linked List

Description: Write a function that takes the head of a linked list and reverses the order of the elements in the list. Return the new head of the reversed list. This exercise tests your understanding of linked lists and requires you to manipulate pointers to reverse the order of the list efficiently.

In this exercise, you needed to implement the function reverse_linked_list that takes the head of a linked list as input. The function reverses the order of the elements in the list by manipulating the pointers of each node. The new head of the reversed list is then returned. The code also includes an example to demonstrate the reversal of a linked list.

Level-4 Practice Exercises

Lastly, check out the 5 Python exercises that you should practice to claim expert-level proficiency in your programming skills.

• Find the Longest Consecutive Subsequence in a List
• Implement a Binary Search Tree
• Calculate the Nth Fibonacci Number in O(1) Space Complexity
• Sort a List of Dates in Ascending Order
• Detect a Cycle in a Directed Graph

More Practice Opportunities

10 Python Tricky Coding Exercises 50 Python Exercises List, Tuple, Dict 45 Python Exercises On Loops/ If-Else 30 Python Questions On List, Tuple, Dict 20 Problems On Concatenated Strings Python Data Class Exercises – Beginners 20 Challenging Pseudo Code Questions

Learn Python by Practice: A Quick Summary

We have tried to cover a wide range of fundamental concepts and problem-solving techniques through these 40 Python exercises for beginners. These exercises include topics such as string manipulation, sorting algorithms, anagram checks, and linked list manipulation.

Such programming tasks are good for beginners to practice and strengthen their Python skills before interviews. By actively working through these exercises, beginners can gain confidence in their coding abilities.

If you like us to deliver more such topics, do let us know via comments. Also, care to share this tutorial on your social media accounts to let others get a chance to practice these exercises.

– TechBeamers .

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Problem Solving with Python

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• How to Improve Programming Skills in Python

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If you have worked in the programming field, or even considered going into programming, you are probably familiar with the famous words of Apple founder Steve Jobs:

“Everyone in this country should learn to program a computer, because it teaches you to think.”

Python is one of the most popular programming languages and can teach us a lot about critical thinking. But if you are in programming, you also know that there are important reasons to keep your programming skills up to date, especially with Python . In this article, we’ll consider some of the most important ways you can update your programming skills—and it isn’t just about learning more Python. Critical thinking is essential to programming and a great way to build your skills.

Why programmers need more than programming skills

According to HackerRank,

“Problem-solving skills are almost unanimously the most important qualification that employers look for […] more than programming languages proficiency, debugging, and system design.”

So how can you apply this to developing Python proficiency?

Obviously, the most important way to build programming skills in Python is to learn Python. Taking Python courses is a great place to start, and building toward more advanced Python learning will help you build technical skills. But programmers need more than just technical skills. You need to understand the best way to solve problems. While most people solve problems through brute force, but, this is not the best way to reach a solution. Instead, Python programmers need to develop a methodology for problem solving that will lead them to a well-crafted solution.

Improving Python Programming Skills in Four Steps

There are a few key steps, and they are listed below. However, it is not enough just to read them — you need to actually make them the part of your programming “life.”

• Evaluate the problem. Understand the programming issue you are attempting to overcome and all of the parts of the problem. In Python programming, a key skill is simply evaluating what needs to be done before you begin the process of programming a solution. Therefore, in any Python challenge, the first step is to study the problem in order to ascertain what you need to research and what skills you need to develop in order to begin to approach a solution. Frequently, if you find that you are able to explain the problem in plain English, it means that you understand it well enough to start to find a solution.
• Make a plan to handle the problem. In Python programming, as with any other type of programming problem, don’t simply launch into your programming without making a plan to handle potential problems logically from beginning to end. You want to begin from a position of strength, not simply start hacking and hoping for the best. Therefore, consider where you are starting and where you want to end up in order to map out the most logical way to arrange steps to reach that point.
• Make the problem manageable by dividing it up. When you are programming Python, it can be intimidating to tackle a major project of a major problem all at once. Instead, try dividing your next programming task into smaller steps that you can easily achieve as you move step by step through the programming or problem-solving process. This will not only make it easier to reach your goals but will also help you to celebrate small victories on your way, giving you the motivation to keep building on your successes. One of the best ways to achieve success is, to begin with, the smallest, easiest division to complete and use that success to build toward increasingly large and complex problems. Doing so will often help to simplify the larger tasks and make the overall project easier. As V. Anton Spraul said, “Reduce the problem to the point where you know how to solve it and write the solution. Then expand the problem slightly and rewrite the solution to match, and keep going until you are back where you started.”
• Practice your skills every day. Lastly, the most important way to develop your Python programming skills and how to troubleshoot Python code is to practice all the time. That doesn’t mean you have to seek out problems just to try to fix them. There are other ways to practice the same skill set in other ways. Elon Musk, for example, plays video games and Peter Thiel plays chess to build problem-solving skills that apply in many areas of life.

When Your Programming Skills Are not Enough

While all the tips above will certainly work if you actually apply them, you can rest assured that you will stumble upon many difficult tasks, which you won’t be able to crack without some assistance. Asking for help is one of the most efficient strategies of problem-solving. You can hire a tutor to help you gradually increase your programming skills, analyze your mistakes, etc. However, if the matter is urgent, you can choose another path — start with delegating your coding assignments to specialized services, and let experts help you with your homework here and now. Later, you can use the assignment done by professionals as tutorial material for other similar assignments. Let’s face it, if studying materials were of better quality and answered the current programming trends more accurately, students would need much less extra assistance.

If you are studying Python programming or trying to problem-solve in Python for a course, your biggest challenge is probably making it through your programming homework. Fortunately, if you have programming challenges, you can pay someone to do a programming assignment for you. Professional homework services like AssignmentCore have programming experts who can help with any type of coding project or Python assignment. There is a team of experts who are on stand-by to leap into action as soon as you have a Python challenge that you need an expert’s eye to complete so you can get ahead of the competition.

Author Bio:

Ted Wilson is a senior programming expert at AssignmentCore , a leading worldwide programming homework service. His main interests are Python, Java, MATLAB languages, and web development. He is responsible for providing customers with top-quality help with programming assignments of any complexity.

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This learning path includes:

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Revising python essentials.

An introductory course to revitalize your Python knowledge. Develop competency in Python syntax, string operations, and looping techniques, setting a robust platform for tackling basic programming issues.

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Dive into the application of basic looping techniques in real scenarios. This course will allow you to apply your Python knowledge to solve practical tasks, developing your skill in real-world applications of simple loops.

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#115 Problems on Basic Python | Python with Problem Solving

Python is a popular high-level programming language known for its simplicity and readability. We are going to explore a variety of programming problems in Python covering different topics such as variables, strings, typecasting, data types, loops, lists, dictionaries, and recursion . Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, functional, and procedural styles. Its syntax emphasizes code readability, which makes it an excellent choice for beginners and experienced developers alike. Here are 115 problems related to basic Python: [ Python for Everybody ]

• Basic Problems:

1. Variable Swap: Write a Python program to swap the values of two variables without using a temporary variable.

2. Even or Odd: Write a Python program that takes an integer as input and prints whether it is even or odd.

3. String Reverse: Write a Python function to reverse a given string and return the reversed string.

4. Type Conversion: Given a list of integers, write a Python program to convert each element of the list to a string.

5. Temperature Converter: Write a Python program that converts a temperature in Celsius to Fahrenheit. Take the Celsius temperature as input from the user.

6. Data Type Checker: Write a Python function that takes a variable as input and returns the data type of the variable as a string (e.g., “int”, “float”, “str”, “list”, etc.).

7. String Palindrome: Write a Python function to check if a given string is a palindrome or not.

8. String Reversal with Slicing: Write a Python function to reverse a given string using slicing.

9. String Concatenation: Write a Python program that takes two strings as input and concatenates them into a single string without using the `+` operator.

10. Typecasting Challenge: Given three variables: `a = ‘100’`, `b = 25`, and `c = ‘10.5’`, write a Python program to perform the following operations and print the results: – Convert `a` to an integer and add it to `b`. – Convert `c` to a float and subtract it from the result of the first operation. – Convert the final result to a string and concatenate it with the string ” is the answer.”

• Python Conditional Statements:

11. Positive, Negative, or Zero: Write a Python program that takes a number as input and prints whether it is positive, negative, or zero.

12. Largest of Three Numbers: Write a Python program that takes three numbers as input and prints the largest among them.

13. Leap Year Checker: Write a Python program that takes a year as input and determines if it is a leap year or not.

14. Grades Classification: Write a Python program that takes a student’s percentage as input and prints their corresponding grade according to the following criteria: – 90% or above: A+ – 80-89%: A – 70-79%: B – 60-69%: C – Below 60%: Fail

15. Vowel or Consonant: Write a Python program that takes a single character as input and determines whether it is a vowel or a consonant.

16. Time Classification: Write a Python program that takes the time in hours (24-hour format) as input and prints “Good Morning”, “Good Afternoon”, “Good Evening”, or “Good Night” based on the time.

17. Triangle Type Checker: Write a Python program that takes three sides of a triangle as input and determines whether it forms an equilateral, isosceles, or scalene triangle.

18. Quadratic Equation Solver: Write a Python program that takes the coefficients (a, b, c) of a quadratic equation as input and calculates and prints the real roots (if they exist) or a message indicating the complex roots.

19. Number Ranges: Write a Python program that takes an integer as input and prints whether the number falls within the ranges: 0-50, 51-100, 101-150, or above 150.

• For & While Loops:

20. Sum of N Numbers: Write a Python program using a for loop to calculate the sum of the first N natural numbers, where N is taken as input from the user.

21. Factorial Calculator: Write a Python program using a while loop to calculate the factorial of a given number N.

22. Table of a Number: Write a Python program using a for loop to print the multiplication table of a given number N.

23. Count Digits in a Number: Write a Python program using a while loop to count the number of digits in a given integer N.

24. Fibonacci Sequence: Write a Python program using a for loop to generate the Fibonacci sequence up to a given limit N.

25. Sum of Even Numbers: Write a Python program using a while loop to calculate the sum of all even numbers between 1 and N, where N is taken as input from the user.

26. Print Patterns: Write a Python program using nested for loops to print various patterns, such as a right-angled triangle, an inverted right-angled triangle, and so on.

27. Prime Number Checker: Write a Python program using a while loop to check if a given number N is prime or not.

28. List Manipulation: Given a list of integers, write a Python program using a for loop to find the sum, average, maximum, and minimum values in the list.

29. Reverse String: Write a Python program using a while loop to reverse a given string.

• Nested Loops:

30. Multiplication Table: Write a Python program using nested loops to print the multiplication table from 1 to 10.

31. Print Patterns: Write a Python program using nested loops to print the following pattern:

32. Matrix Multiplication: Write a Python program using nested loops to multiply two matrices.

33. Chessboard Pattern: Write a Python program using nested loops to print a chessboard pattern (alternating “X” and “O” characters) of size 8×8.34. Number Pyramid: Write a Python program using nested loops to print a number pyramid like the following: 1 22 333 4444 55555

• List Problems:

34. List Sum: Write a Python program to find the sum of all elements in a given list of integers.

35. List Average: Write a Python program to calculate the average of all elements in a given list of integers.

36. List Max and Min: Write a Python program to find the maximum and minimum values in a given list of integers.

37. List Sorting: Write a Python program to sort a list of integers in ascending order.

38. List Filtering: Given a list of integers, write a Python program to create a new list that contains only the even numbers from the original list.

39. List Reversal: Write a Python program to reverse a given list without using any built-in functions.

40. List Manipulation: Given two lists of integers, write a Python program to create a new list that contains elements common to both lists.

41. List Element Count: Write a Python program to count the occurrences of a specific element in a given list.

42. List Duplicates Removal: Write a Python program to remove duplicates from a given list while preserving the order of the elements.

43. List Comprehension: Given a list of integers, write a Python program to create a new list that contains the squares of the elements using list comprehension.

• Nested List Problems:

44. Matrix Addition: Write a Python program to add two matrices represented as nested lists.

45. Flatten Nested List: Write a Python program to flatten a given nested list and convert it into a single-dimensional list.

46. List Element Frequency: Given a nested list containing lists of integers, write a Python program to count the frequency of each element in the entire nested list.

47. Transpose Matrix: Write a Python program to transpose a given matrix represented as a nested list.

48. List of Lists Concatenation: Given a list of nested lists, write a Python program to concatenate all the sublists into a single flat list.

• Tuple Problems:

49. Tuple Concatenation: Write a Python program to concatenate two tuples and create a new tuple.

50. Tuple Unpacking: Given a tuple with three elements (x, y, z), write a Python program to unpack the tuple and assign the values to three variables.

51. Tuple Sorting: Write a Python program to sort a tuple of integers in ascending order.

52. Tuple Frequency Count: Given a tuple containing various elements, write a Python program to count the frequency of a specific element in the tuple.

53. Tuple to List: Write a Python program to convert a tuple into a list.

54. Tuple Reversal: Write a Python program to reverse a tuple without using any built-in functions.

55. Tuple Slicing: Given a tuple, write a Python program to extract a slice of elements from it.

56. Tuple Operations: Given two tuples of integers, write a Python program to perform element-wise addition, subtraction, and multiplication and create new tuples for each operation.

57. Tuple Membership Test: Write a Python program that takes an element as input and checks if it exists in a given tuple.

58. Tuple Packing: Write a Python program to pack three variables into a single tuple and print the tuple.

59. Nested List Element Access: Given a nested list, write a Python program to access and print specific elements from it.

60. Nested List Flattening: Write a Python program to flatten a nested list and convert it into a single-dimensional list.

61. Nested List Sorting: Given a nested list containing lists of integers, write a Python program to sort the sublists based on their lengths.

62. List of Tuples Conversion: Given a nested list containing tuples of (x, y) coordinates, write a Python program to convert it into a list of x-coordinates and a list of y-coordinates.

63. Matrix Transpose: Write a Python program to transpose a given matrix represented as a nested list.

64. Nested List Concatenation: Given a list of nested lists, write a Python program to concatenate all the sublists into a single flat list.

65. Count Even Numbers: Write a Python program to count the number of even numbers in a nested list.

66. Maximum Element in Nested List: Write a Python program to find the maximum element in a nested list of integers.

67. Diagonal Sum of Matrix: Given a square matrix represented as a nested list, write a Python program to calculate the sum of the elements in the main diagonal.

68. Nested List Element Search: Write a Python program to search for a specific element in a nested list and return its position (row and column indices).

• Set Problems:

69. Duplicate Removal: Write a Python program that takes a list of elements as input and creates a new set containing only the unique elements from the list.

70. Set Intersection: Given two sets A and B, write a Python program to find their intersection and print the common elements.

71. Set Union: Given two sets A and B, write a Python program to find their union and print all the distinct elements from both sets.

72. Set Difference: Given two sets A and B, write a Python program to find the difference between set A and set B (i.e., elements present in A but not in B) and print the result.

73. Set Symmetric Difference: Given two sets A and B, write a Python program to find the symmetric difference between the two sets (i.e., elements that are present in either set A or set B, but not in both) and print the result.

74. Set Operations: Given three sets A, B, and C, write a Python program to find and print the intersection of A and B, the union of B and C, and the difference between C and A.

75. Set Subset Check: Given two sets A and B, write a Python program to check if set A is a subset of set B and print the result.

76. Set Superset Check: Given two sets A and B, write a Python program to check if set A is a superset of set B and print the result.

77. Set Length Check: Write a Python program that takes a set as input and prints the number of elements in the set.

76. Set Membership Test: Write a Python program that takes an element as input and checks if it exists in a given set. Print “Found” if the element is present and “Not Found” otherwise.

• Dictionary Problems:

77. Dictionary Manipulation: Given a dictionary with student names as keys and their corresponding scores as values, write a Python program to add a new student to the dictionary and update the score of an existing student.

78. Dictionary Keys and Values: Write a Python program that takes a dictionary as input and prints all the keys and values in separate lines.

79. Dictionary Length: Write a Python program to calculate and print the number of key-value pairs in a given dictionary.

80. Dictionary Value Search: Given a dictionary of items and their prices, write a Python program to search for an item based on its price and print the item’s name.

81. Dictionary Merging: Given two dictionaries, write a Python program to merge them into a single dictionary and print the result.

82. Dictionary Key Removal: Given a dictionary of items and their quantities, write a Python program to remove a specific item from the dictionary based on user input.

83. Dictionary Sorting: Given a dictionary with names as keys and corresponding ages as values, write a Python program to sort the dictionary based on age in ascending order.

84. Dictionary Frequency Count: Write a Python program that takes a string as input and creates a dictionary containing each character as a key and its frequency as the value.

85. Dictionary Comprehension: Given a list of integers, write a Python program to create a dictionary where the keys are the elements from the list, and the values are their squares.

86. Dictionary Key Check: Write a Python program that takes a key as input and checks if it exists in a given dictionary. Print “Key Found” if the key is present and “Key Not Found” otherwise.

• Nested Dictionary Problems:

87. Access Nested Dictionary: Given a nested dictionary containing student details, write a Python program to access and print specific information such as a student’s name, age, and address.

88. Nested Dictionary Length: Write a Python program to calculate and print the total number of key-value pairs in a nested dictionary.

89. Nested Dictionary Update: Given a nested dictionary of employee details, write a Python program to update an employee’s salary based on their employee ID.

90. Nested Dictionary Sorting: Given a nested dictionary containing product details (product name, price, and quantity), write a Python program to sort the products based on their prices in ascending order.

91. Nested Dictionary Key Search: Write a Python program that takes a key as input and searches for it in a nested dictionary. If found, print the corresponding value, otherwise, print “Key Not Found.”

• Break & Continue: 

92. Prime Number Checker: Write a Python program that takes a number as input and determines if it is a prime number or not. Use a `for` loop to check for factors. If a factor is found, `break` out of the loop.

93. Even Number Printer: Write a Python program to print all even numbers from 1 to 20. Use a `for` loop and `continue` to skip odd numbers.

94. Password Validator: Write a Python program that takes a password as input and checks if it meets the following criteria: at least 8 characters long, contains both uppercase and lowercase letters, and has at least one digit. If the password is valid, print “Password accepted.” If not, use `continue` to prompt the user to enter a valid password.

95. Divisible by 3 or 5: Write a Python program to print all numbers from 1 to 50 that are divisible by either 3 or 5. Use a `for` loop and `continue` to skip numbers that are not divisible by either 3 or 5.

96. Positive Number Sum: Write a Python program that takes positive numbers as input until a negative number is entered. Then, calculate and print the sum of all positive numbers entered. Use a `while` loop and `break` to exit the loop when a negative number is encountered.

97. Word Palindrome Checker: Write a Python program that takes a word as input and checks if it is a palindrome (reads the same forwards and backward). Use `continue` to skip checking the word if its length is less than 3 characters.

98. Odd Number Finder: Write a Python program to find the first odd number from a list of integers. Use a `for` loop and `break` to stop the loop when the first odd number is found.

99. Number Guessing Game: Write a Python program that generates a random number between 1 and 100 and lets the user guess the number. Use a `while` loop, `break` when the correct number is guessed, and `continue` to keep prompting the user until they guess correctly.

100. Vowel Counter: Write a Python program that takes a string as input and counts the number of vowels (a, e, i, o, u) in it. Use a `for` loop and `continue` to skip counting non-vowel characters.

101. Unique Characters: Write a Python program that takes a string as input and checks if it contains all unique characters (no character repeats). Use a `for` loop and `break` when a character repeats.

• Functions Problems:

102. Factorial Calculator: Write a Python function called `factorial` that takes an integer as input and returns its factorial. Test the function with different values.

103. Palindrome Checker: Write a Python function called `is_palindrome` that takes a string as input and returns `True` if it is a palindrome and `False` otherwise. Test the function with different words.

104. Even or Odd Checker: Write a Python function called `even_or_odd` that takes an integer as input and returns “Even” if the number is even and “Odd” if the number is odd. Test the function with different numbers.

105. List Sum Calculator: Write a Python function called `list_sum` that takes a list of integers as input and returns the sum of all elements in the list. Test the function with different lists.

106. Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) Calculator: Write a Python function called `gcd` that takes two integers as input and returns their greatest common divisor. Test the function with different pairs of numbers.

107. Leap Year Checker: Write a Python function called `is_leap_year` that takes a year as input and returns `True` if it is a leap year and `False` otherwise. Test the function with different years.

• Nested Functions Problems:

108. Math Operations: Write a Python function called `math_operations` that takes three numbers and a string representing an operation (‘add’, ‘subtract’, ‘multiply’, or ‘divide’). The function should return the result of the specified operation on the three numbers. Implement the math operations as nested functions.

109. Greeting Generator: Write a Python function called `greeting_generator` that takes a name as input and returns a greeting message using nested functions. The greeting message should be customizable (e.g., “Hello, {name}! How are you today?”).

110. Temperature Converter: Write a Python function called `temperature_converter` that takes a temperature value and a string representing the scale (‘C’ for Celsius or ‘F’ for Fahrenheit) as input. The function should convert the temperature from one scale to the other using nested functions and return the converted value.

• Recursion: [ Video ]

111. Factorial Calculation: Write a recursive Python function called `factorial` that takes a non-negative integer as input and returns its factorial.

112. Fibonacci Series: Write a recursive Python function called `Fibonacci` that takes an integer N as input and returns the Nth number in the Fibonacci series. The Fibonacci series is defined as follows: F(0) = 0, F(1) = 1, and F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2) for n > 1.

113. The sum of Digits: Write a recursive Python function called `sum_of_digits` that takes an integer as input and returns the sum of its digits.

114. Binary Search: Write a recursive Python function called `binary_search` that takes a sorted list and a target value as input and returns the index of the target value in the list using binary search. If the target value is not in the list, return -1.

115. Power Calculation: Write a recursive Python function called `power` that takes two positive integers, base and exponent, as input and returns the value of base raised to the exponent.

We have explored a variety of programming problems in Python covering different topics such as variables, strings, typecasting, data types, loops, lists, dictionaries, and recursion. These problems are designed to challenge your understanding of Python concepts and provide opportunities to practice problem-solving and coding skills. By working through these problems, you can gain a deeper understanding of Python syntax, data structures, and control flow. Additionally, solving problems involving nested structures, such as nested loops, nested lists, and nested functions, can improve your ability to work with complex data arrangements.

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