psyd vs phd psychology salary

PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology [2024 Guide]

Are you contemplating the career benefits of a PsyD vs. PhD?

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Both of these often respected and fulfilling degree paths can lead to exciting things. Let’s explore the differences.

Comparing a PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology – Key Differences

You may be considering a doctorate degree in psychology because you’re simply fascinated by the human mind. You may also be confident that you can use your passion for helping people to carve out a very fulfilling career.

It’s important to be very methodical and targeted when choosing your degree path if you’re going to be working in a doctorate-level role. Let’s compare and contrast PsyD and PhD degrees.

A PsyD is considered an “alternate” degree path that puts an emphasis on the clinical and applied aspects of the field. A PsyD is likely a good fit if your goal is to work within a professional practice or counseling setting.

PsyD graduates typically work in clinical settings like psychiatry practices, rehabilitation centers, public schools, universities, or prisons. The coursework for a PsyD revolves heavily around applying things like evidenced-based research and standards of practice in real-world settings.

PsyD programs are designed to help students learn how to apply many decades of research to patient settings. Original research is not the primary goal of someone pursuing a PsyD. Yes, you will likely do independent research as part of your learning path. However, most of your focus will likely be on learning to apply your education in clinical settings.

A traditional or online PhD in psychology is often a natural fit for someone with an acute interest in the research side. This path may appeal to you if you love to break down data to discover insights. The insights that you discover through your independent research could help to move the field forward.

Many PhD holders work in research settings where they design and conduct tests and surveys to gain better understandings of things like human behavior, the effectiveness of various treatments, and underlying causes of psychological disorders.

PhD graduates are also qualified to work as instructors at colleges and universities. That means that they can apply what they’ve learned through study and research to help train the next generation of psychologists and researchers.

Many healthcare and government institutions also hire PhDs for consulting duties. The expertise that a PhD in the field of psychology can bring to the table is important for forming policies and decisions at both private and public institutions.

Ultimately, it is important to know what is a PsyD and what is a PhD in psychology before determining the best degree path for yourself.

Doctoral Psychology Careers & Salaries

What types of job roles are open to people with doctoral degrees in psychology? Roles can be filled at private practices, mental health facilities, schools, universities, and research facilities.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , the median annual wage for clinical, counseling, and school psychologists is $79,820. Here’s a look at some specific annual salary expectations based on government data:

Salary expectations should be based on years of experience and the type of institution you’re employed by during your career.

PsyD vs PhD Salary Differences

It’s not an apples-to-apples comparison when it comes to salaries for these two degree paths. The setting that you choose to work in will heavily influence your salary.

Potential for promotions and raises when moving from a general counseling role or social-work role. A private practice can often be the most lucrative option because you are earning revenue based on patient volume.

PsyD graduates can often expect generous pay when working as corporate or sports psychologists.

PhD graduates can typically command the highest salaries when leading research projects. Some PhD graduates earn six figures as tenured college professors.

Both PsyD and PhD candidates have very similar overall salary projections. However, the reality of your salary potential with either psychology degree online comes down to the type of setting you choose to work in.

Psychology Specializations & Concentrations

Most people who pursue PsyD and PhD degrees want to apply their skills to some very specific passions and interests. Here’s a look at some areas of focus for doctoral candidates:

• Clinical psychologists work one-on-one with patients to treat and diagnose mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. They often work in practices, hospitals, and care facilities.
• Forensic psychologists apply their skills to the legal arena. They lend their expertise to things like investigations and court cases. Government agencies and local law enforcement routinely consult with forensic psychologists when working on cases or investigating crimes.
• Mental health psychologists use their highly specialized training to evaluate a person’s mental health. This is done through recognized and respected methods for interviewing, evaluating, and testing.
• Organizational psychologists provide services to organizations and businesses looking to increase productivity through psychological principles. An organizational psychologist would come into the picture to study productivity trends, management style, and employee morale to get an understanding of a company. Next, strategic recommendations are given for how to make improvements using techniques for motivation, cooperation, and productivity.
• Sports psychologists are experts at understanding how performance is impacted by both psychological and physical factors. This multifaceted specialty requires an understanding of the relationships between physiology, kinesiology, biomechanics, and psychology. Sports psychologists often work with coaches and trainers to create comprehensive plans for individual athletes and teams. They are often employed by sports teams, gyms, high schools, and universities.

A psychologist’s training and skills are tested every day on the job! The rewarding part is that all of these roles allow psychology professionals to see the impact of their work.

Psychology Licensing and Certification

Yes, you should become very familiar with the various licensing and accreditation bodies once you get deeper into your pursuit of becoming a working, licensed psychologist. It’s important to take licensing and certification seriously because your ability to legally act and speak as a psychologist depends on them!

• The American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) is what you might call the primary certifying body for professional psychologists in the United States. This certification shows a psychologist is credible and can be taken seriously. In addition, this certification is essentially a default requirement for being employed or representing yourself as a psychologist.
• The Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (ASPPB) oversees standards for the licensing and certification of all psychologists throughout both the United States and Canada. Yes, every single practicing psychologist in both countries needs to meet the association’s standards before being allowed to formally practice in their field. The ASPPB administers the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP).
• The Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) is the licensing exam developed by the ASPPB. The exam exists to certify that post-doctoral students are legally permitted to practice psychology. The ASPPB’s recommended minimum passing score is 500 out of a potential score of 800.

The bottom line is that you cannot be a practicing psychologist in the United States without having approval from the ABPP and ASPPB. Fulfilling all requirements and passing required exams are as important as graduating from a doctoral program!

It’s also worth looking into a school with regional accreditation through an organization recognized by CHEA.org .

Choosing Between a PhD in Psychology or a PsyD Degree

It’s time to get serious about making that hard choice between a PhD and PsyD. Choosing as early as possible can help you to narrow down your school search and get all of your paperwork in. Let’s look at the requirements for each program.

• A dissertation is required.
• Lower acceptance rate (approximately 15 percent).
• More funding, stipends, and support are generally provided by institutions.
• Generally requires 90 to 120 credit hours.
• A dissertation isn’t always required.
• Higher acceptance rate (approximately 40 percent).
• No special stipends are generally given to PsyD candidates apart from standard FAFSA
• Generally requires 70 to 114 credit hours.

It can seem that a PsyD is easier to obtain at first glance. However, it’s more important to focus on which type of program is going to provide you with the preparation and training you need to be able to contribute to your chosen field of expertise.

It’s not that a PhD is more difficult to obtain. What we’re really looking at is the fact that a PhD simply requires candidates to dive into research in a more specific way than clinically minded PsyD candidates.

Yes, it does typically take less time to obtain a PsyD. This may make this degree path more attractive to you if you’re interested in getting into your field as quickly as possible.

PsyD vs PhD Admissions Requirements

The admissions requirements for PsyD and PhD candidates are similar. However, they are not interchangeable. It is typically much more difficult to be accepted into a PhD program than a PsyD program. The main reason is that PhD programs accept a fraction of the candidates.

Actual admissions requirements vary by school. However, many of the requirements are universal across all institutions. Here’s a peek at what you’ll probably need to prepare.

• A bachelor’s degree
• Transcripts from all previous universities attended
• Letters of recommendation
• A minimum undergraduate GPA (varies by school)
• Personal essay
• GRE scores (varies by school)
• A bachelor’s degree or master’s degree in a related field
• A minimum undergraduate GPA (typically 3.0)

What’s the Difference in PsyD vs. PhD reputation?

Both are usually highly respected. A PhD is typically viewed as a research-oriented degree.

A PsyD is typically viewed as an appropriate degree for someone with clinical aspirations.

What Jobs Can I Get With a Doctoral Degree in Psychology?

A variety of clinical and research positions are available to professionals with doctoral degrees in psychology.

The list includes psychologists, psychology researchers, school psychologists, sports psychologists, organizational psychologists, and forensic psychologists.

What is a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)?

A PsyD is a professional doctoral degree that is designed to prepare graduates for careers in clinical settings.

Graduates often take leadership roles in institutions that diagnose and support mental health.

What is a PhD in Psychology?

A psychology PhD is a doctor of philosophy in the field of psychology.

The rigorous training and research involved in this program is designed to prepare a student to work in clinical, research, and academic settings.

Should I Continue With a Graduate Psychology Degree Program?

A graduate psychology degree program can greatly expand your career prospects. This may be a worthwhile pursuit if your goal is to become a respected expert in your field.

Getting an additional degree may enable you to go from “support” roles to leadership roles in the field of psychology.

What are the PsyD Requirements to Graduate?

You will need to complete all of the required credit hours. This typically ranges from 70 to 114 total hours. In addition, you may be required to complete a dissertation.

Most PsyD programs require an internship or practicum to provide hands-on experience.

What are the PhD in Psychology Requirements to Graduate?

It will be necessary to complete all credit hours required by your program. This may be as many as 120 credit hours for a PhD program.

You will also need to complete a dissertation related to the specialty you’re pursuing.

What are Key Differences Between a PhD and PsyD in Clinical Psychology

Choosing between a PhD and PsyD in clinical psychology comes down to a choice of research versus hands-on application.

Someone who is interested in research or academic pursuits is probably better suited for a PhD. Someone looking to practice in a clinical setting that relies on one-on-one interactions with patients is probably better suited for a PsyD.

That’s not to say that there’s no overlap. Yes, a person with a PhD can fulfill roles that require clinical expertise. Additionally, graduates of PsyD programs do sometimes end up in research roles.

Getting Your PsyD or PhD Online

Can you really dive into the human psyche on a doctoral level from home? Yes, many colleges and universities now provide doctoral programs in psychology that can be completed remotely.

Both PsyD and PhD programs usually require heavy reading and research. That means that you’ll probably be doing a lot of self-guided study as you pursue your degree. This is one of the reasons why a doctorate in this field may actually be ideal for a syllabus comprised of online coursework.

An PhD or PsyD programs online can balance the self-guided nature of doctorate-level psychology studies with the expertise and guidance of trained, qualified professors in the field.

It may be necessary to complete hands-on training in a clinical setting as part of your degree requirements. This is something that colleges and universities can assist you with once you enter into a doctorate program. It’s possible that you’ll be able to complete clinical work that satisfies your degree requirement locally.

Great minds are interested in studying minds! You may be a perfect fit for an online PsyD or PhD program. Find a school that will help you make big contributions to the field of psychology to get on the perfect degree path.

PsyD vs PhD: Which Psychology Degree Should You Get?

Studying psychology provides a window into human behavior. Doctoral psychology programs teach both an understanding of how people think and analytical and reasoning skills to further success in various careers. But deciding to pursue a doctoral degree in psychology means dedicating yourself to the highest level of education available in the field and represents a commitment of several years and significant effort.

While both a doctor of psychology (PsyD) degree and a doctor of philosophy (PhD) promise remarkable opportunities for advancement, the two offer very different career outcomes. While a PhD puts you on a path to pursue research and further understanding, a PsyD allows you to practice as a psychologist. 

According to the  Bureau of Labor Statistics , demand for psychologists with both degrees is expected to continue growing at a rate of approximately 8% over the next decade as more and more individuals, organizations, and academic institutions have greater need of counseling services and insights into the way that people act, think, and engage with one another.

What Are PsyD and PhD In Psychology Degrees For?

While both a PsyD and a PhD provide you with a doctoral degree and the highest level of education in the field, the two provide different types of expertise, and it is important for you to understand their distinctions so that you can make the choice that best matches your goals.

A PhD in psychology trains you in research and statistical analysis in preparation for adding to the body of knowledge, either through your own scientific pursuits or by helping to educate others studying psychology . By contrast, PsyD studies focuses more extensively on providing psychological services, whether counseling or applying psychology’s principles to further an organization’s goals.

Though pursuing either one will not preclude you from crossing over to a career that’s more aligned to the other, choosing the degree that best suits your long-term interests provides you with the education that is best suited to your aspirations.

Picking Between A Doctor of Psychology or PhD In Psychology Program

To help you determine which of the two doctoral degrees is the best choice for you, let’s take a look at what each type of program entails and what type of future each prepares you for.

What is a PsyD?

A  doctor of psychology program  generally takes between 4-6 years to complete and prepares you for a career in clinical practice. It has less of an emphasis on research than human behavior and development, psychological assessment, and intervention.

Most programs require completion of approximately sixty credits of study, participation in 2,000-to-3,000 hours of clinical practice and internship, and preparation and presentation of a dissertation. 

Upon completion of the program, graduates demonstrate the understanding and skills needed to guide one-on-one, family and group therapy sessions, to guide organizational strategies around anticipated human behaviors and engagement, to conduct neuropsychological assessments, and to treat mental health problems and issues.

Who Should Get a PsyD?

Doctoral candidates best suited for a PsyD are those who want to engage directly with individuals, families or groups, using their education and training to provide service rather than conducting research.

Those enrolled in PsyD programs receive extensive training in assessment and intervention, on human development, and on the role of cultural and economic contributors, all with the goal of better facilitating their understanding of behavior. PsyD students also study the practical aspects of clinical psychology, including legal, ethical, and professional issues.

PsyD Careers and Salaries

With a PsyD degree you become prepared for professional practice within any number of applications of psychology science. A PsyD degree trains you to use your knowledge and training in service and practice, with an emphasis on assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and making improvements in the condition of and relations between humans in a variety of environments. Depending upon the career that they choose, their practice can include engaging with people in a clinical setting, at their workplace, in school, or elsewhere.

Typical careers held by those with a PsyD degree include:

• Median Salary: $51,340
• Career Outlook: +16% (2020-2030)

Family and marriage therapists work with couples and families with the goal of mediating and guiding the way that they engage with one another while providing coping strategies to improve family dynamics and to help those within these relationships deal with a wide range of issues, including behavioral problems, grief, domestic violence, marital conflicts, and substance abuse. 

Marriage and family therapists observe the interactions between the individuals in these groups and provide them with insights about troubling patterns, guidance on navigating crises, diagnosing mental health issues and disorders, and replacing disruptive or dysfunctional behaviors with alternatives that offer more positive engagement.

• Median Salary: $105,780
• Career Outlook: +8% (2020-2030)

The services of those holding doctoral degrees in psychology are increasingly in demand from a wide range of organizations and corporations seeking assistance with improving organizational behavior or providing coaching to managers and executives. These professionals apply their clinical skills in areas such as integrating systems theory or family therapy to companies hoping to address cultural issues or improve communication and cooperation within and between teams.

What is a PhD in Psychology?

A doctor of philosophy in psychology degree generally takes between 5-7 years to complete, and prepares you for a career in research and academia. The focus of a PhD in psychology program tends to be on statistics along with qualitative and quantitative research methods. The career goals of most students point towards teaching or scientific inquiry rather than private practice or direct engagement with patients.

Most PhD in psychology program require approximately a year-long internship and credit requirements that range between 60 and 125 credits. The programs require a significant level of concentration and are often so demanding that students need to dedicate themselves to the program on a full-time basis. The admission criteria into a PhD program tends to be more competitive than that of PsyD programs.

Once students in PhD in psychology programs successfully prepared and presented their dissertation, they have proven their command of the biological, intellectual and cognitive foundations of behavior, assessment, statistics and research techniques, research strategies, and more. They graduate prepared for careers in specialty areas including behavioral neuroscience, clinical psychology, human growth and development, with a particular emphasis on research and its application.

Who Should Get a PhD in Psychology?

In assessing whether you should pursue a PhD in psychology, you need to determine what type of career you hope to have and how you plan to apply your education. If your goal is to become a tenure-track professor at a research-oriented university or to dedicate yourself to academic research, then there is no doubt that a PhD is the right degree for you. The same is true if you hope to work in a business-oriented field such as market research or product development with an emphasis on consumer insights. 

The benefit of a PhD in psychology is its emphasis on research design and analytical skills, and that training can be applied to numerous fields that do not involve direct engagement with, assessment, diagnosis, or interventions with patients.

PhD in Psychology Careers and Salaries

Those who pursue a PhD in psychology tend to be less focused on the monetary benefits of their education than in the intellectual stimulation that they receive or the benefits that their education can provide to clients or to greater understanding of human behaviors gained through their efforts.

The career goals of those who opt for a PhD can include clinical roles, but more frequently veer towards professions that place them in a position of conducting research and applying their knowledge to educating students and providing insights that can be used by other fields. Possible careers for PhD graduates include:

• Median Salary: $82,180

The field of forensic psychology applies general principles of research in the field of clinical psychology to legal issues. This can include assessment, treatment, and evaluation of topics such as eyewitness identification, suggestibility, competence to testify, motivation and threat assessment. Forensic psychologists are often called on to provide custody evaluations, counseling services to crime victims, screening of law enforcement applicants and intervention and treatment for juvenile and adult offenders.

• Median Salary: $80,560
• Career Outlook: +12% (2020-2030)

Those who teach psychology are also frequently researchers who split their time between conducting scientific inquiry within an academic environment and teaching it to students at the undergraduate and graduate level. Professors with a PhD in Psychology gather, document and communicate psychological knowledge.

• Median Salary: $125,350
• Career Outlook: +9% (2020-2030)

The knowledge and training gained with a PhD in psychology is extremely valuable to numerous industries seeking greater understanding of human behavior, and this is particularly true of the world of politics. PhDs in psychology are well-positioned to guide candidates in the way that they present themselves to voters and to help legislators craft laws or discuss issues with their constituents, assessing what their priorities and perspectives are and how marketing efforts, speeches, votes and political positions could be received.

Best Psychology Schools

Choosing the right psychology program can be stressful, especially with so many options available. Using a  rigorous methodology , Universities.com considers these to be the 10 best psychology schools in the nation:

• Northwestern University
• Columbia University in the City of New York
• Lindsey Wilson College
• University of Pennsylvania
• Webster University
• Lamar University
• Liberty University
• Capella University
• Walden University
• University of Central Florida

To find more psychology schools, check out  our complete ranking of all psychology schools  in the nation.

If you’re looking for other schools that offer PdD programs on psychology, check out the Find Your Perfect “U” tool. You can search over 6,000 colleges and universities with 11 different filters to find the  perfect school for you !

PsyD Vs PhD At A Glance

Choosing between a PsyD and a PhD is a matter of personal choice, and your answer depends upon your personal goals. Though both doctor of psychology degrees provide you with the education, training and credentials to put you at the pinnacle of the field, there are important differences, including:

• A PsyD program better prepares you for a service-based psychology career geared towards counseling, while a PhD program better prepares you for a career geared towards discovery through research and academia.
• Acceptance into PsyD programs are generally less competitive than PhD programs.
• PsyD programs are better suited to online learning, while PhD programs favor in-person learning.
• PsyD program lengths generally take four-to-six years to complete, while PhD programs generally take five-to-eight years to complete.
• A PsyD curriculum is likely to include classes focused on assessment and intervention, while a PhD curriculum is likely to focus on statistics and analysis.

What to Look for In Psychology Doctoral Degree Programs

Doctoral degrees in psychology are offered in traditional, on-campus settings as well as online. Both options provide similarly high levels of education and the same curriculum requirements, often pairing students with an individual faculty advisor responsible for guiding their path to a doctoral degree.

There are many advantages to pursuing a degree online, including providing students the ability to choose a program based on its focus rather than on geographic proximity and allowing them to continue upholding family responsibilities. Despite this convenience, many students pursuing either a PsyD or a PhD choose an in-person program that allows them to fully immerse themselves in their studies.

As is the case with choosing between a PsyD or a PhD, there is no right or wrong choice. Students that choose online programs graduate with the same credentials as those who choose in-person programs, so each candidate should choose the option that best suits their personal needs.

Though requirements vary, most states require that psychologists counseling patients complete a doctoral degree in psychology and have a state-issued license. The requirements for these licenses generally include:

• Earning either a PsyD or a PhD from an institution of higher learning that has been accredited by the American Psychological Association
• Passing the  Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP )
• Fulfilling a minimum number of supervised clinical practice hours.

Many graduates  recommend  investigating the credentialing requirements of the states where they are interested in working to ensure that their doctoral degree properly prepares them and meets their standards.

The best way to ensure that the PsyD or PhD program you select prepares you for licensure is to select a program that has gone beyond the basic regional accreditation of institutions of higher learning and been recognized by the  American Psychological Association . This specialized accreditation is recognized by both the Council for Higher Education Accreditation and the U.S. Department of Education, and specifically addresses the high standards needed for professional education and training in psychology.

The APA currently  accredits  hundreds of programs throughout the nation, providing those interested in pursuing their doctoral degree an extensive range of offerings for their professional future.

Applying to Psychology Doctoral Programs

Choosing to pursue a doctoral degree in psychology represents a significant investment of time, money and effort with the anticipated outcome of becoming either a noted academician and scholar or an accomplished, difference-making professional. Entry to these programs is competitive, particularly for those seeking entry into one of the programs offering a PhD in psychology program, which generally only accept 10-15% of applicants.

The first step in the application process is similar to the one you likely pursued when applying to undergraduate programs: You need to identify the programs that best match your long-term goals and your personal needs, then address each of their application requirements by assembling needed materials including letters of recommendations and personal statements and ensuring that they are in each program’s possession well in advance of their deadlines.

Admission Requirements for PsyD and PhD Programs

Individuals choosing to pursue either a PsyD or a PhD come from a wide range of backgrounds and interests, and this is reflected in the fact that programs do not necessarily require that applicants possess an undergraduate degree in Psychology, though those who have not taken foundational courses likely need to investigate how they’ll need to supplement their education before proceeding with their doctoral degrees.

Acceptance into both PsyD and PhD programs generally requires:

• Transcripts from accredited baccalaureate program showing a minimum 3.0 GPA,  preferably in psychology
• Personal statement or statement of purpose
• Submission of scores on both the general GRE exam and the GRE subject exam in Psychology
• Three letters of recommendation
• Personal Interview (in person or by phone or video conference)
• A PsyD is a doctoral degree in psychology. It is an indication that an individual has attained the highest level of education available in the study of psychology, but they are not a medical doctor.
• PsyD and PhD are both terminal degrees in psychology that indicate having attained the highest level of education and expertise in the field. The determination of which is better depends upon the goals of the individual pursuing the degree.
• The PsyD degree provides education and training geared towards clinical practice and a professional career in treating patients, while a PhD education focuses more heavily on research and academic pursuits. The PhD generally takes longer to attain.
• In the majority of states, psychologists are not able to write prescriptions for medication. Illinois, Louisiana and New Mexico permit licensed psychologists to qualify for prescribing authority after taking additional courses in psychopharmacology.

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Choosing Between a PhD and PsyD: Some Factors to Consider

Your degree choice will determine your training, as well as your career options..

Posted March 2, 2016 | Reviewed by Ekua Hagan

Like many people who are interested in psychology, you may be considering a career involving clinical psychology. This is a good choice because clinical psychology covers a broad range of interest areas—children, adults, families, sports, forensics and many more.

In addition, there are many paths you can take toward a degree involving clinical psychology. You can earn a master’s or doctoral degree and you can receive training in clinical psychology, counseling psychology, social work, sports psychology, or even medicine as a psychiatrist. Finally, your career path can lead to a job involving research, treatment (including therapy ), teaching, or a combination of these areas.

Today, I (Jonathan) want to focus on a question I hear a lot from students and others—should you get a PhD or PsyD? (I will hold off on other clinical psychology question, such as getting a Master’s or Doctoral degree for now.) This question is very important because it will impact how you will get trained in graduate school and the career options you will have once you earn your advanced degree. There are a number of websites that describe the distinction between a PhD and PsyD.

For brevity, let’s just be clear that:

• A PhD is a Doctor of Philosophy , whereas a PsyD is a Doctor of Psychology.
• PhD students are generally trained following the scientist-practitioner model that puts greater emphasis on research than PsyD students, while PsyD students are generally trained with greater emphasis on clinical work than PhD students.
• A PhD degree is earned in 5-7 years, while a PsyD degree is earned in 4-6 years, keeping in mind that this includes 1 internship year.

Now that I presented the distinction, let’s get right to it—what are the critical factors to consider when deciding whether to be trained as a PhD or a PsyD? In presenting these factors, I stuck to the general premise that the individual making this decision could go to either a PhD or Psych program. Of course, the ability to choose a PhD or a PsyD program may not be available to all students, because they do not meet the criteria of a particular program. These criteria may include grades, GRE scores, or life experiences. In addition, it is very important to keep in mind that, as a rule, the number of students selected for graduate school is quite small for a PhD program (typically 10 or fewer) compared to a PsyD program (which can reach as high as 100).

Let's get back to the factors important for making a PhD-PsyD decision. The first factor you need to consider is whether you will be funded during your years in graduate school.

It is typically the case that students in a PhD program receive some type of funding. This includes tuition, a stipend (a fixed sum of money paid for being a Teaching or Research Assistant), or in many cases, both types of aid. This can add up to literally tens of thousands of dollars each year in financial assistance. You will not be rolling in dough, but the fact that you will not have to pay tuition alone is a big deal because it will significantly reduce any debt you might incur in graduate school. This can turn out to be very important in the sense that the amount of money you will earn as a PhD clinical psychologist may not be as high as you imagined. (Check out careersinpsych.com to see salary info.)

PsyD programs, in general, are unable to provide the same type of support as a PhD program. Part of this is tied to the fact that PhD students serve as Teaching Assistants or Research Assistants, but the same is generally not true of PsyD students at a particular school. In addition, because PhD programs have far fewer graduate students than PsyD programs, schools are able to afford to support PhD students.

I feel it is important to bring up an issue that takes into account the factor of funding—the length time you will be in graduate school. As stated above, the time in graduate school is typically shorter for a PsyD student than a PhD student. In a practical sense, this means that a PsyD student is able to get out and earn a real salary (on average) a year before a PhD student.

Now, this is where things get a bit interesting. Say you get out of school and earn about $60,000 with your PsyD. Of course, this is way more than the stipend at any PhD program; the stipend might be close to $20,000. However, the $60,000 you earn in your year out of graduate school will be needed to start paying back what could be at least $100,000 in tuition costs. To find out tuition costs for any APA accredited PhD or PsyD program, go to their website and look for the link that says “Student Admissions, Outcomes and Other Data.” I think you will be very surprised to see the tuition costs at both PhD and PsyD programs. As stated earlier, a PhD student will typically not have any tuition debt hanging over their head. Thus the $40,000 extra in salary for the PsyD student in the year they are working compared to the stipend of a PhD student is offset by the tuition debt the PsyD student must repay.

The second factor to think about when deciding to apply to a PhD or PsyD program involves APA accreditation, for both graduate school and internship. APA states that, “Although graduating from an accredited program does not guarantee jobs or licensure for individuals, it may facilitate such achievement. It reflects the quality by which an educational institution or a program conducts its business. It speaks to a sense of public trust, as well as to professional quality.” Based on this statement, it would be wise to search out APA-accredited programs.

With regard to internships (that every PhD and PsyD student must complete), APA also notes that, “Students who take unaccredited internships are ineligible for positions with the Department of Veterans Affairs, the single largest employer of psychologists. They are also barred from civilian positions with the military. In addition, a handful of states require aspiring psychologists to have had an APA-accredited internship to be licensed, and many others require them to show that they completed the equivalent of an APA-accredited internship.” Once again, there are real advantages to your ultimate employment plans by completing an APA-accredited internship.

One nice thing about this second factor is that you have the ability to find out the percentage of students who received an APA accredited internship vs. non-APA non-accredited internship for any APA accredited PhD or PsyD program. Go to the program’s website and again look for the link that says “Student Admissions, Outcomes and Other Data.” If a school does not list this information, it is not APA-accredited and should be viewed with caution.

The third factor to consider is what career path you would like to follow. On the one hand, if you want to conduct research both in graduate school and beyond, you should probably go for a PhD. On the other hand, if your career goals lean toward more practical work (e.g., being a therapist) with no real intention of conducting research in graduate school or upon graduation, you should probably get a PsyD. There is an important caveat to this distinction, however. You might be a person who wants to conduct research in a particular area (e.g., ADHD ) because you feel the research experience will help you understand a particular mental health issue. Moreover, you might hope to graduate and get a job working with individuals who reflect that research area, but you have no plans to continue your research work. In this case, a PhD is probably for you.

In presenting these important factors to think about if you are choosing to be a PhD or PsyD, we of course understand that each individual has unique circumstances that must be taken in account. Still, we hope that presenting these factors gives you some food for thought as you consider your ultimate career path in clinical Psychology.

Please note that the comments of Dr. Golding, Dr. Lippert, and the others who post on this blog express their own opinion and not that of the University of Kentucky.

Jonathan Golding, Ph.D. , is a professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky. Anne Lippert, Ph.D. , is a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Kentucky.

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Graduate School in Psychology: PsyD or Psy Phd, Which Is Right for You?

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Outlook Handbook states, “Overall employment of psychologists is projected to grow 6 percent from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations,” though the anticipated bump for specialists in clinical and counseling psychology is slightly higher, at a projected 10%.

The publication continues, “About 14,100 openings for psychologists are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.” 

Are you considering graduate school in psychology?  

There are master of science degree programs in clinical counseling that provide the education and pathway to become a licensed professional counselor (LPC) or a licensed social worker (LSW), both of which are essentially secure careers as mental health counselor professionals. An LPC must work under the supervision of an LPCC (licensed professional clinical counselor), whereas an LSW must work under the supervision of an LISW (licensed independent social worker). Both the LPC and the LSW have career paths that require a master’s degree from an accredited university, a minimum of 3,000 hours of clinical work supervised by an independent practitioner, and certification with an advanced licensing exam. Once an LPC or LSW has met the criteria to advance in their field and practice without mandatory supervision, they may become an LPCC or LISW counselor and are able to diagnose and treat mental health issues, though they are not able to prescribe medications.

According to a May 2020 Psychology Today article called “Careers in Psychology 2020,” “Master’s-level programs overlap more with undergraduate education. People may pursue a master’s education as an end in itself, to deepen and broaden their knowledge in a certain area.” Some mental health caseworkers pursue a graduate degree through a work incentive to achieve licensing; others do so because they’re ladder climbers and can find themselves – upon completing an accredited master’s program in psychology – eager to keep climbing after encountering the work of a clinical psychologist or clinical psychology researcher. 

Do you want a medical degree (MD, DO) or a doctorate or PhD in psychology?

Some people come to clinical psychology after weighing the options: psychiatry versus a doctorate in clinical psychology versus a PhD in clinical psychology.  

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor (MD or DO) who completes medical school and pursues a specialization in psychiatry. Following medical school, they complete a residency in psychiatry, which involves specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders. Psychiatrists often work in clinical settings, hospitals, and private practices. Psychiatrists are qualified to provide talk therapy, but they more commonly focus on medical management of mental health conditions. They can prescribe medication to address psychiatric disorders and might use a combination of therapy and medication for treatment. Their approach to assessment might lean more toward medical and biological factors when determining whether medication is appropriate. Patient care is often managed in tandem with a clinical counselor or therapist who provides therapy and counseling services.

Psychology doctoral programs demand a different level of motivation and commitment than master’s degree programs, and they require one to be quite clear about one’s life and career goals. A PhD in psychology (Psy PhD), a doctorate degree in psychology (PsyD), and a doctorate in education (EdD) in psychology are all pathways to professional counseling careers, though not with the same career goals. 

Generally, the application and graduation requirements for EdD and PsyD programs can be less rigorous than those for PhD programs. However, any doctoral-level grad school degree is highly competitive and a means to a rewarding and reputable career.

The EdD appeals to teachers and administrators who will continue to work in higher education and schools. According to Psychology.org , “The Ed.D. remains a popular option for professional educators like teachers, administrators, and counselors wanting to gain more expertise, qualify for an additional license, or move into a leadership position.” The site notes that school psychologists who hope to enter independent clinical practice would benefit more from completing a PsyD. 

Choosing between a Psy PhD and a PsyD program depends on one’s career goals, interests, and preferences. Both programs lead to a doctoral degree in psychology, but they have different emphases and outcomes. 

If your primary goal is to work as a clinical psychologist providing therapy and counseling, a PsyD program aligns better with your career aspirations. Licensed clinical psychologists work in clinical settings such as hospitals, clinics, and private practice. They primarily use talk therapy and counseling techniques to help individuals address emotional, psychological, and behavioral issues using various therapeutic modalities, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoanalysis, and humanistic therapy, to help clients understand and manage their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Clinical psychologists are trained in conducting psychological assessments and diagnostic testing to evaluate a person’s mental health and cognitive functioning.

PsyD programs typically take four to six years to complete. They can involve fewer research requirements than PhD programs, and although some PsyD programs do include research activity, the focus is primarily on developing clinical skills and practical experience. 

If you are more interested in conducting research , teaching, and potentially pursing an academic career, a PhD program is a better fit. PhD programs in psychology emphasize research and academic scholarship. Students are trained to conduct original research, contribute to the field’s knowledge base, and publish scientific papers. PhD graduates pursue academic careers as professors, researchers, and scholars. They might teach at universities, conduct research, and mentor students. Some work at research institutions, government agencies, and private organizations.

PhD programs are typically longer than PsyD programs, taking five to seven years to complete. They require comprehensive exams and a dissertation on original research.

Either way, know the specific focus of the schools and programs you’re interested in attending. Look for accredited schools with certifications in subspecialities conferred by professional associations, including the American Board of Professional Psychology and the American Psychological Association.

Know the clinical counseling focus and philosophy of a PsyD program and the career aims of those orientations. Some schools have a wide reach in that their curriculum and research cover many tracks, from neuropsychology to multiculturalism, whereas other schools’ research interests are narrow. 

Take Rutgers University’s PsyD program, for instance. The program focuses primarily on two tracks, clinical counseling and school psychology. As a result, the research focus is on these areas of specialization, offering research exposure and experience in applied behavioral analysis, autism spectrum disorders, and addiction.

The University of Hartford, on the other hand, is a general program serving students who want a population focus in child and adolescent development and psychology broadly. 

Aim to find a school that presents a program, curriculum, service learning, and faculty that are committed to your field of interest. Additionally, for Psy PhD programs, know the research focus and philosophy goals of the professors and their laboratories. PhD research in clinical psychology often falls into the following categories: clinical, counseling, school, cognitive, social, industrial organizational, marriage and the family, behavioral neuroscience psychology, and forensic.

For PsyD programs, know their curriculum orientation within the scope of employment you’ll be seeking, because they often differentiate between adult clinical, child clinical, and health tracks. Many schools have subspecialities and corollary tracks.

Whether the EdD, PsyD, or Psy PhD degree is for you, always seek out an accredited program . Do your school research, looking at specializations, the scope of the educational experience, the orientation to the field and subfields, the expertise of the faculty, graduation rates, and work placement success – and start that application early.

Dr. Mary Mahoney, PhD, is the medical humanities director at Elmira College and has more than 20 years of experience as an advisor and essay reviewer for med school applicants. She is a tenured English professor with an MFA in creative writing from Sarah Lawrence College and a PhD in literature and writing from the University of Houston. For the past 20 years, Mary has served as a grad school advisor and essay reviewer for med school applicants.  Want Mary to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch!

Related Resources:

• Acing the PsyD Interview: The 3-P Plan
• Insider Tips on Applying to PsyD Programs
• The “Sizzle Factor”: 5 Tips for Writing PsyD Personal Statements

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Comparing psychologist credentials: psyd vs. phd in the us.

Last Updated on January 27, 2024

Introduction

Brief explanation of the importance of psychologist credentials in the us.

In the United States, the credentials of psychologists bear paramount importance, shaping the landscape of mental health services, research endeavors, and public trust.

The diverse roles psychologists play in society underscore the significance of understanding the distinctions in their credentials.

Thesis statement: This blog post aims to compare the credentials of PsyD and PhD psychologists in the US.

This blog post serves as an illuminating guide, delving into a comprehensive comparison of the credentials held by PsyD and PhD psychologists in the US.

By unraveling the nuances between these qualifications, we aim to equip both aspiring psychologists and the public with facilitating informed decisions in the pursuit of mental health services and the advancement of the field.

Join us on this exploration as we navigate the intricate terrain of psychologist credentials, unraveling their impact on professional practice and the realm of psychological research and services in the United States.

Overview of PsyD Degree

Definition and purpose of a psyd degree.

The PsyD degree, or Doctor of Psychology, is a professional degree that focuses on clinical practice.

It is designed to prepare individuals for careers as practicing psychologists rather than research-oriented careers.

The purpose of the PsyD degree is to train psychologists who can apply psychological principles in real-world settings.

Emphasis on practical application and clinical training

One key feature of the PsyD degree is the emphasis on practical application and clinical training.

Unlike the PhD, which focuses more on research and academic pursuits, the PsyD curriculum is centered around building clinical skills.

Students in PsyD programs spend a significant amount of time in supervised clinical practice, gaining hands-on experience.

Curriculum and coursework

The curriculum of a PsyD program typically includes core courses in areas like psychopathology, assessment, and interventions.

Students also take specialized courses in areas such as child psychology, neuropsychology, or counseling.

In addition to coursework, PsyD students are required to complete a certain number of supervised clinical hours and a doctoral dissertation or capstone project.

Accreditation requirements for PsyD programs

To ensure quality and consistency, PsyD programs must meet specific accreditation requirements.

The main accrediting body for professional psychology programs in the US is the American Psychological Association (APA).

Accredited programs must adhere to rigorous standards in areas such as curriculum, faculty qualifications, and student support services.

Benefits of a PsyD degree

• Practical focus prepares graduates for directly applying psychological knowledge in their careers.
• Extensive clinical training provides hands-on experience and prepares students for clinical practice.
• Flexibility in choosing areas of specialization allows students to tailor their education to their interests or career goals.

Considerations for choosing a PsyD program

• Research opportunities may be more limited compared to PhD programs.
• PsyD programs tend to be more expensive than PhD programs because of the focus on clinical training.
• It is essential to ensure that the program is accredited by the APA to guarantee quality education and professional recognition.

In short, the PsyD degree offers a practical and hands-on approach to studying psychology.

It is focused on training practitioners who excel in providing psychological services in various settings.

While it may not provide as much research training as a PhD program, the PsyD degree is ideal for individuals aspiring to work directly with clients in a clinical or counseling capacity.

Overview of PhD Degree

Definition and purpose of a phd degree.

A PhD degree, or Doctor of Philosophy, is an advanced academic degree that emphasizes research and the acquisition of in-depth knowledge in a specific field.

Emphasis on Research, Theory, and Academic Knowledge

PhD programs focus on developing expertise in research methodologies, advanced theoretical concepts, and critical analysis of existing knowledge in order to contribute to the field.

Curriculum and Coursework

PhD programs typically involve a combination of rigorous coursework, comprehensive exams, and the completion of a dissertation.

• Coursework: Students are required to take a range of courses related to their field of study.
• Comprehensive Exams: Students must pass comprehensive exams that test their knowledge in their area of specialization.
• Dissertation: The culmination of a PhD program is the completion and defense of a dissertation, which is an original research project.

Accreditation Requirements for PhD Programs

Accreditation ensures that PhD programs meet certain standards of quality and rigor. There are various accrediting bodies in the US, such as:

• The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME): Accreditation for PhD programs in clinical psychology
• The American Psychological Association (APA): Accreditation for PhD programs in psychology
• The Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH): Accreditation for PhD programs in public health

Accreditation requirements may vary depending on the field of study and the specific program.

However, generally, they assess factors such as faculty qualifications, curriculum design, resources and facilities, and student outcomes.

Accreditation provides credibility and ensures that students receive a high-quality education.

In general, a PhD degree in the US is an advanced academic degree that focuses on research, theory, and the acquisition of in-depth knowledge in a specific field.

PhD programs typically involve coursework, comprehensive exams, and the completion of a dissertation. It is important for these programs to be accredited to ensure quality and credibility.

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Comparative Analysis

Differences in career paths and opportunities.

• PsyD and PhD holders have distinct career paths and opportunities.
• PsyD programs focus more on clinical practice, making graduates suitable for careers in counseling and therapy.
• PhD programs emphasize research, making graduates more inclined towards academic and research-based careers.
• PsyD holders can work as licensed psychologists in various settings, including hospitals, clinics, and private practices.
• PhD holders can pursue careers as professors, researchers, consultants, or work in government and industry.
• Both PsyD and PhD holders can obtain licenses to practice independently as psychologists in the US.

Variations in training and education focus

• PsyD programs provide significant practical training and clinical experience.
• PhD programs offer a balance between research skills and practical training.
• PsyD curriculum primarily focuses on developing therapeutic skills, assessment techniques, and clinical interventions.
• PhD curriculum includes research methodology, data analysis, and advanced theoretical knowledge.
• PsyD students often engage in practical placements, supervised internships, and clinical rotations.
• PhD students conduct original research, write dissertations, and complete teaching assistantships.

Contrasting perspectives on the balance between research and practice

• PsyD programs prioritize clinical practice and direct client interaction.
• PhD programs emphasize research methodologies, data analysis, and contribution to existing knowledge.
• PsyD graduates tend to focus more on providing therapy and intervention to individuals and groups.
• PhD graduates usually balance their time between research activities, teaching responsibilities, and clinical work if desired.
• PsyD programs value evidence-based practices and staying up-to-date with recent developments in the field.
• PhD programs emphasize critical thinking, research design, and advancing scientific knowledge.

Impact on potential salaries and earnings

• Potential salaries and earnings may vary between PsyD and PhD holders.
• PsyD holders often earn salaries comparable to those with master’s degrees in psychology.
• PhD holders can earn higher salaries due to increased opportunities in academia and high-level research positions.
• Salaries for licensed psychologists, regardless of the degree, can vary depending on experience, specialization, and location.
• PsyD holders can earn more in private practice settings, especially with a developed client base.
• PhD holders may have additional income from research grants, consulting, and publishing.

Basically, while both PsyD and PhD degrees in psychology offer fulfilling careers, there are clear distinctions in terms of career paths, training focus, perspectives on research, and potential earning opportunities.

It is essential for individuals to carefully consider their interests, goals, and preferred work environments when choosing between these two options.

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Factors to Consider

Personal career goals and interests.

When choosing between a PsyD and a PhD in psychology, it is important to consider your personal career goals and interests.

• Determine whether you are more interested in a career focused on research or clinical practice.
• Reflect on whether you see yourself in academia, working in private practice, or in a healthcare setting.
• Consider the specific areas of psychology that you are passionate about and want to specialize in.

Research or clinical orientation

Another factor to consider when comparing PsyD and PhD credentials is the type of orientation you prefer.

• If you are inclined towards research, a PhD program may be more suitable as it provides intensive training in research methods.
• A PsyD program, on the other hand, focuses more on clinical skills and practical training.

Preferred work setting and population

Your preferred work setting and the population you want to work with can affect your choice between a PsyD and a PhD.

• If you have a strong desire to work with a specific population like children, couples, or individuals with specific disorders, consider which degree is better suited for that area of practice.
• Research the requirements for the specific work settings you are interested in, such as hospitals, schools, or private practices, to determine if one degree is preferred over the other.

Assessment of financial implications

Financial implications play a crucial role in the decision-making process when comparing psychologist credentials.

• Analyze the cost of each program, including tuition, fees, and living expenses.
• Investigate scholarship and financial aid opportunities specific to each program.
• Consider the potential salary difference between a PsyD and a PhD, and how it aligns with your financial goals.

Over all, when deciding between a PsyD and a PhD, it is essential to evaluate your personal career goals, clinical orientation, preferred work setting and population, and the financial implications of each program.

Take the time to research and consider all factors to make an informed decision that aligns with your aspirations and interests in the field of psychology.

Read: Job Satisfaction and Burnout Rates Among US Psychologists

Similarities and Overlapping Competencies

When comparing psychologist credentials, specifically PsyD and PhD in the US, it is important to look at the similarities and overlapping competencies between the two degrees.

While there are some differences in training and focus, there are also many areas where PsyD and PhD holders share common expertise.

Areas where PsyD and PhD holders share common expertise

• Clinical Assessment
• Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
• Psychotherapy
• Research Methods and Design
• Ethical and Legal Issues

Both PsyD and PhD programs provide training in essential areas of psychology.

These include clinical assessment, diagnosis and treatment planning, psychotherapy , research methods and design, as well as ethical and legal issues.

Regardless of the degree pursued, psychologists need to have a solid foundation in these areas to provide effective and evidence-based psychological services.

Examples of transferable skills and knowledge

• Strong observational and analytical skills
• Ability to critically evaluate research studies
• Effective communication and rapport-building with clients
• Understanding of human behavior and psychological theories

Psychologists with either a PsyD or a PhD possess a range of transferable skills and knowledge that can benefit them in various settings.

They have strong observational and analytical skills, allowing them to assess and understand complex psychological issues.

They are also trained to critically evaluate research studies, enabling them to stay updated with the latest advancements in the field.

Additionally, psychologists excel in effective communication and rapport-building, which helps establish trust and therapeutic alliances with clients.

Lastly, both PsyD and PhD holders have a deep understanding of human behavior and psychological theories, enabling them to apply their knowledge in diverse professional contexts

Flexibilities in career choices

• Both PsyD and PhD holders can work in clinical settings such as hospitals, mental health centers, and private practices
• Opportunities in academia as professors or researchers
• Consultation work for organizations, government agencies, or forensic settings
• Leadership roles in psychology associations or professional organizations

Both PsyD and PhD holders have numerous career options available to them.

They can work in clinical settings such as hospitals, mental health centers, and private practices, providing therapy and conducting assessments.

Psychologists with either degree can also pursue opportunities in academia, working as professors who educate the next generation of psychologists or conducting research to contribute to the field.

Additionally, both PsyD and PhD holders are well-equipped for consultation work, providing expertise to organizations, government agencies, or forensic settings.

Finally, psychologists with advanced degrees often have the opportunity to take on leadership roles in psychology associations or professional organizations, influencing the field and advocating for the profession.

In short, while there are specific differences between PsyD and PhD degrees in psychology, there are also significant areas of overlap in terms of competencies and expertise.

The shared training and knowledge allow psychologists to have a solid foundation in the essential areas of the field and develop transferable skills that can be applied in various professional contexts.

Both degrees provide flexibility in career choices, offering opportunities in clinical settings, academia, consultation work, and leadership roles.

Ultimately, the choice between a PsyD and a PhD should be based on individual interests, career goals, and preferred training focus.

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A recap of the key differences and similarities between PsyD and PhD credentials

• PsyD and PhD both require extensive education and training in psychology.
• PhD programs emphasize research and academia, while PsyD programs focus on clinical practice.
• PhD holders are more likely to pursue careers in research and teaching, whereas PsyD holders typically work in clinical settings.

Encouragement for readers to carefully evaluate their own goals and preferences before deciding on a path

Choosing between a PsyD and a PhD should be based on individual career aspirations and personal interests.

Final remarks on the growing importance of psychologists with diverse qualifications and expertise in the US healthcare system

As the demand for mental health services continues to rise, psychologists with both PsyD and PhD credentials play vital roles in addressing the diverse needs of the population.

It is essential to have a well-rounded healthcare system that encompasses various perspectives and approaches to effectively serve the community.

By considering the unique strengths and differences offered by PsyD and PhD credentials, individuals can make informed choices that align with their professional goals, ensuring a successful and rewarding career in psychology.

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PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: What's the Difference?

But when you start looking into those doctoral programs, there’s a kind of big difference you will notice right away. Some of them are titled Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) degrees, while others are called Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (PhD) degrees. So what is the difference between PhD and PsyD? You’re about to drop what could be between $60,000 and more than $200,000 on one of these two options, not to mention up to seven years of your life, so you definitely want to understand the difference before you send in that application.

You’re in luck. We’ll explain all the differences between PsyD vs PhD in psychology degrees right here, and you can make your decision with clarity and confidence.

How the Conversation About a PsyD vs a PhD in Psychology Became a Thing

PsyD vs PhD in Psychology Coursework – the Fundamental Difference in Curriculum and Learning Outcomes

What is The Difference Between PhD and PsyD Programs When it Comes to Career Potential?

The idea of doctor of psychology degrees emerged because the traditional PhD education was getting stretched a little thin. Like most fields, psychology PhD programs were heavy on the research and academic elements of the field. They included a lot of theoretical investigation, writing papers, and teaching or assisting in undergraduate courses.

At the same time, though, they became the standard credential for practitioners heading for careers in clinical psychology. Only doctoral-level grads could be expected to provide the best treatment options and the most ethical approaches to patient care in a very sensitive industry. States started required doctoral degrees in order to license clinical psychologists.

The PsyD emerged to create a kind of doctoral education in psychology that reflected the reality that most students would be going into clinical practice. The coursework and experiential training were changed to deliver more preparation for actual patient treatment and less emphasis on research and theoretical psychology.

The PsyD is what is known as a professional doctoral degree, a type of advanced degree that focuses on the practice of a profession more than the research and academic parts of the field.

Understanding the Similarities and Differences Between PsyD and PhD Programs in Psychology

Both PhD and PsyD psychologists:

• Work with individuals, groups, and families
• Work in hospitals, schools, corporations, academia, administration, or applied research settings
• Work as psychotherapists

However, there are differences between the two programs:

What is the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology?

PhD programs tend to emphasize the scientist-practitioner model, which places a strong emphasis on research.

According to the National Conference on the Education and Training of Scientist-Practitioners for the Professional Practice of Psychology, the scientist-practitioner model produces psychologists who are educated and trained to “further psychological science, the professional practice of psychology, and human welfare.” Graduates of these programs are capable of functioning as both practitioners and investigators.

Therefore, students in a PhD program receive extensive training in the science of psychology. Psychologists with a PhD may conduct research and provide clinical or counseling services. The PhD is also a common pursuit among those seeking administrative or leadership positions within research institutions/facilities.

• PhD programs generally require an additional year or two of training in order for students to complete their doctoral dissertation.
• PhD programs are most often offered by traditional universities.
• Most PhD students receive assistance with tuition.
• Many PhD programs provide full tuition reimbursement and a stipend to conduct research and teach classes.

What is the Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.)?

The PsyD in Psychology places a greater emphasis on supervised experience and psychotherapy and is therefore the degree most common among students with an interest in clinical practice. While PhD programs teach students how to produce research, PsyD programs teach students how to understand and appreciate research.

• Both traditional universities and not-for-profit professional schools offer PsyD degrees.
• PsyD programs tend to be more expensive—and provide less financial aid—than PhD programs.

PsyD programs emphasize the practitioner-scholar model, which focuses on assessing and treating clients, with research still playing an important role. The main emphasis of these programs is on the practical application of scholarly knowledge.

PsyD vs PhD in Psychology – The Fundamental Difference in Curriculum and Learning Outcomes

Your biggest concern as you are looking into these degrees will be the substance of the education. And there are real differences in PsyD vs PhD coursework that you need to think about.

Because a PsyD is a practice-oriented degree, you’ll find coursework that emphasizes study of the practical demands of clinical psychology treatment. That means extra classes in:

• Patient assessment and analysis
• Models of human development and behavior across the lifespan
• Treatment modalities
• Professional and ethical standards in practice
• Psychotherapeutic techniques

In a PhD program, there’s a broader and more theoretical approach to psychology that applies to both research and practice. Since you have roughly the same number of hours in each type of program, you naturally won’t devote as much time to clinician-specific classes, however. Instead, you can expect coursework in topics like:

• Qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis
• Psychological research methods
• History of psychology
• Psychological theory

The PhD program is likely to require more writing, and to involve more directed and self-selected research work. A PsyD, on the other hand, will have less academic preparation and involve spending more time in clinical practicum and internships that involve patient treatment time.

Every psychology doctoral program is unique, however. You’ll need to look at both types to find the coursework that is the best match for your professional ambitions.

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What is the difference between PsyD and PhD graduation requirements?

The biggest difference between PsyD and PhD programs may be the differing requirements related to completing a doctoral dissertation. While the dissertation is still the most common and most traditional way for doctoral students to present a synthesis of what they have learned, the practical nature of PsyD programs means that they often offer another option in lieu of a classic dissertation. Rather than performing the standard dissertation, you may have the choice to complete a different kind of doctoral project instead.

A doctoral project doesn’t get you off the hook for intense research and investigation, however. You’re expected to develop a practical project that reflects everything you’ve learned in your program, and demonstrates your own unique ideas in patient treatment. The process is just as intense as a dissertation, it’s just aimed at more hands-on, practical work in the field.

What’s the difference between a PhD and a PsyD in terms of costs?

Fortunately, there is no real difference in what you will pay for a PsyD vs a PhD in psychology. The length and format of each kind of program are so similar that you will not find any consistent differences between them, although each individual college will have its own tuition rates.

For 2020, according to the National Center for Education Statistics, the annual average cost of a doctorate at public and private universities came to:

• Public in-state university – $12,171
• Private university – $25,929

What is The Difference Between PhD and PsyD Program When It Comes to Career Potential?

You will find slight differences, but not big ones. Psychology is a hot career field, with only around 6,000 doctoral graduates in the field, total, each year. There is always going to be demand for psychologists with those qualifications and both PhD and PsyD graduates can do any job in the field.

But you will find that PhD holders may be more likely to get the nod in positions with strong academic or research demands. That fits their education and training, with extra preparation in qualitative and quantitative models, and probably more preparation in teaching and research design.

PsyD grads, on the other hand, are more likely to go into practice as licensed clinical psychologists. They have been trained specifically to work with patients in group and one-on-one settings, delivery therapy in a variety of settings from hospitals to private practices.

what are the salary implications of a earning a psyD vs phD in psychology?

Psychologist salaries are highest for doctoral graduates. But are there big differences between what you get paid with a PhD vs a PsyD?

Happily, there doesn’t seem to be any real difference between what you will make as a trained psychologist no matter which doctoral degree you choose. The Bureau of Labor Statistics tracks salaries for psychologists, and as a whole, the profession enjoys a solid median income of $82,180 per year.

But that number includes many psychologists who haven’t gone the extra mile to earn a doctorate. Looking specifically at the psychologists, all other category, which includes clinical psychologists and researchers, the median annual wage cracks six figures at $105,780. Those in the top ten percent of the profession, almost entirely doctoral grads, can earn more than $137,590 per year.

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The Differences Between a PhD in Psychology and PsyD

Written by Jennifer Cione-Kroeschel

Mental health professionals looking to further their education in the field have two major degrees to choose from: A PhD in Psychology, which is a Doctor of Philosophy degree, and a PsyD, which is Doctor of Psychology degree. They sound nearly the same, so what is the difference between a PhD and PsyD?

Do psychologists have a PhD or PsyD? Well, either, but an increasing number of psychologists in clinical practice or who see patients in a traditional therapy setting are earning a PsyD. In order to be a psychologist, you need a doctoral-level degree in the field, which both of these are, but a PsyD is more oriented toward becoming a practicing clinician. However, most PhDs also go on to work with clients in a clinical setting and apply their specialized research and knowledge to providing therapy for the specific issues they study.

In the end, both satisfy the requirements for full authority licensure and neither limits you from clinical practice or research work, but the training in a PhD is a bit more traditionally oriented to academia while the PsyD focuses more narrowly on clinical practice.

What Is a PhD in Psychology?

A PhD in Psychology is a doctorate degree designed to lead to the development of new information in the field, though it can just as well be used to go into clinical practice. Someone who holds a PhD, though, will be well prepared to teach psychology or work with other researchers on experimental trials and studies. The goal of having a PhD in Psychology is to advance the knowledge of mental health issues as well as the methods used to treat them.

While it used to be the only doctoral level degree in the field, now that a PsyD is available, a PhD is beginning to be viewed a bit more as being better suited for people who want to go into psychology education, clinical trials, or research.

But ultimately, pursuing a PhD in Psychology prepares students for a wide range of career opportunities in the field of psychology, whether in research, consulting, teaching, or clinical practice.

What Is a PsyD?

Professionals with a PsyD usually use their degrees to work with people who seek therapy, or for more serious clinical interventions for the severely mentally ill in psychiatric hospitals. Knowledge from the studies done in the degree program is applied to providing therapy, rather than continuing research. As opposed to a PhD, a PsyD is a more straightforward, hands-on degree for the practice of psychology.

Is someone with a PsyD a doctor? Short answer: Yes, but not a medical doctor. Anyone with a doctoral-level degree holds the title of doctor, but unless they have a medical degree, they can’t prescribe medication or conduct medical treatments. The same goes for those with a PhD in Psychology.

Earning a PsyD degree puts you on a direct path to practicing psychology in a clinical setting.

Similarities and Differences

The main difference between a PhD in Psychology and PsyD is that a PhD emphasizes research while a PsyD prepares student for practicing psychology.

PsyD programs focus on applying scientific knowledge directly to the practice of psychology, while PhD programs study the theories behind psychology. While PsyD students will have classes in human behavior, therapy, and mental health conditions, PhD candidates will have coursework like research methodology and statistical models. Although, PsyD students will still have some exposure to research and analyzing data, and PhD students will also have plenty of coursework that deals with clinical practice.

Both degrees develop research skills and build knowledge and skill sets that can be applied to either clinical practice or education. While there is overlap, there are also clear differences, like acceptance rates, cost, coursework, and common career outcomes

Things to Consider When Choosing a PhD and PsyD

Before pursing either of these degrees, some important factors need to be considered, like your interests and expectations. They’re not identical degrees, and one might be better suited to a student than the other on an individual basis.

Generally, PhD programs may be more difficult to get into and the program usually lasts between 5 and 8 years. PsyD programs, while still competitive, have a relatively higher acceptance rate and take 1-2 years fewer to complete. While tuition for both programs can be high, PhD students are often offered tuition assistance in exchange for teaching and research assistance.

Is a PsyD better than a PhD? Nobody could really make a case that a PsyD is categorically better than a PhD, but it might be a little more geared to exactly what you want to do with your career. If you really want to focus in on the application of your psychology skills working directly with clients or in a clinical setting with people suffering with more serious mental health problems, a PsyD will give you the focus you’re looking for. If you want a more traditional doctorate experience that also includes a research focus and dissertation, a PhD is the more fitting choice.

Let’s talk money. Realistically, earning potential does factor into which degree program to choose and which path to go down. It’s fair to assume that most people reading this are wondering, do PsyD or PhD make more money? The answer is that there is absolutely nothing to suggest that one or the other will result in making more money. Both PsyD and PhD graduates have the same kind of career prospects, and the same salary potential based on which career path they might take.

But there’s more to this question than just whether one or the other will result in making more money. A PsyD will typically take less time, allowing the holder to start making a salary sooner, but a PhD may have less tuition to pay back if they receive any waivers or stipends for teaching and research during the program. The amount of money either makes will depend on what type of job they choose. If a PhD becomes a tenured professor, clinician, or lead researcher at a university, in private practice, or at a medical facility. If comparing apples to apples, practicing psychologists with a PhD earn slightly more than those with a PsyD, but the difference is small.

The difference between PsyD and PhD is enough to make someone stop and think about which would be best for them, while both are valuable degrees that share similarities and can lead to rewarding careers.

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Psychologist Salary Info: The 9 Highest Paying Careers

Which psychology jobs pay the best salary?

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Psychology can be a high-paying job, but it is important to recognize that there is tremendous diversity among psychology professions, and  salaries and yearly earnings are just as varied. In a struggling economy, many students have turned their interest toward some of the highest-paying careers in psychology. The highest-paying psychologist career salaries average around $167,000.

While many psychology careers have a higher-than-average yearly salary, it is important to remember that actual income depends upon various factors, including geographic location, employment sector, educational background, and years of experience.

Learn more about some of the highest-paying psychology careers, the typical salaries for such professions, and the educational requirements for entering these fields.

Psychiatrist

Average Salary:  $216,090 per year

Educational Requirements:  Considered a medical career, psychiatry is significantly tied to the study and application of psychology. Approximately eight years of post-undergraduate study. After earning a bachelor's degree, aspiring psychiatrists must graduate from medical school and then complete a four-year residency.

Psychiatry is one of the highest-paying fields tied to psychology. However, salaries can vary considerably within this field depending upon your specialty area , where you are employed, and the type of work you perform.

Industrial-Organizational Psychologist

Average Salary: $105,310

Educational Requirements: In most cases, a master's degree in psychology is the minimum training required, although having a doctorate degree may be to your advantage. While there are opportunities available at the master's degree level, earning a doctorate degree in industrial-organizational psychology offers greater opportunities and higher salaries.

Industrial-organizational psychologists use their knowledge of psychology to tackle workplace issues. Increasing worker productivity, selecting the best employees for particular jobs, and developing market research surveys are just a few things that an industrial-organizational psychologist might do.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that I/O psychologists in the scientific research and development industry earned an average annual wage of $122,660. Those employed at colleges, universities, and professional schools earned an average of $110,070.

According to the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology , the average salary for a doctorate-level consultant was $167,000.

Neuropsychologist

Average Salary: $90,460 per year

Educational Requirements: A doctorate degree in neuropsychology or clinical neuropsychology is needed to work in this field.

Neuropsychologists specialize in the study of the brain and cognitive science.   People who work in this field often perform cognitive tests, run brain scans, assess people suffering from brain injury, and study how drugs impact the nervous system. They may work at colleges and universities, hospitals, research centers, mental health clinics, and pharmaceutical labs.

Clinical Psychologist

Average Salary: $81,330 per year

Educational Requirements: In most states, clinical psychologists must have a doctorate degree in psychology. In addition to this education, they must also complete one to two years of supervised residency and pass state licensing exams in order to practice as a licensed clinical psychologist.

Clinical psychologists are trained in assessing, diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental illness. This is also the largest area of employment within psychology. Clinical psychologists work in various settings, including hospitals, mental health clinics, and private practice.

The Occupational Outlook Handbook reports that in May 2019, those employed in individual and family services earned an average of $85,140. Those employed in the offices of other health practitioners earned an average of $100,300 per year.

Engineering Psychologist

Average Salary: $79,818 per year

Educational Requirements: Entry-level positions require a master's degree, but those with a doctorate will find greater employment opportunities and better salaries.

Engineering psychologists work to improve the design of systems, operations, and equipment in order to increase efficiency, improve productivity, and minimize injury. As with other specialty areas of psychology, the area of employment plays a major role in determining salary. Engineering psychologists who work in the private sector earn considerably more than those employed in university settings.

Counseling Psychologist

Average Salary: $72,540 per year

Educational Requirements: A PhD, PsyD , or EdD degree is required to become a counseling psychologist.

Counseling psychologists perform many of the same tasks as clinical psychologists such as offering psychotherapy and mental health treatment, but they typically work with clients suffering from less severe forms of mental illness.

While mental health is one of the largest areas within counseling psychology, some people in this field opt to conduct research. They also teach university courses or provide vocational counseling.

Forensic Psychologist

Average Salary: $59,440

Educational Requirements: While there are some jobs available with a master's degree, you will typically need a doctorate degree in clinical, counseling, or forensic psychology.

Forensic psychologists deal with psychological issues related to the law. Some of the duties that a professional in this field might perform include developing psychological profiles of criminals, dealing with child custody issues, investigating child abuse, providing expert testimony, preparing witnesses to testify in court, and offering training to law enforcement.

School Psychologist

Average Salary: $58,360

Educational Requirements: Most states require completing a 60-credit school psychology specialist program, which leads to a master's or EdS degree. Approximately 32% of school psychologists hold a PhD , PsyD, or EdD degree.

School psychologists work within the educational system to diagnose and treat behavior and learning problems in children. They often collaborate with other professionals, including teachers and doctors as well as parents, to help kids overcome social, emotional, behavioral, and academic problems.

According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook published by the U.S. Department of Labor, jobs in this field are expected to grow by approximately 10% over the next decade.

Sports Psychologist

Average Salary:  $55,000 per year

Educational Requirements:  Most jobs require a master's or doctorate degree in sports psychology or in related areas such as clinical or counseling psychology. Sports psychologists  are interested in the psychological components of sports and athletics.  

Professionals in this field often focus on topics such as  motivation  and athletic performance. They utlizie their knowledge of psychology to help athletes perform better or to help people recover from sports injuries.

While salaries for sports psychologists typically range between $60,000 and $80,000, those working with professional athletes often earn over six figures.

Frequently Asked Questions

While specific salaries vary depending on factors including experience and location, psychiatry tends to be the highest-paying psychology-related career.

They can! However, it is important to recognize that individual salaries vary a great deal. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary for psychologists is $81,040. However, the lowest paid 10% made less than $47,850 per year. Your own salary may depend on factors such as your specialty, training, experience, area of employment, and geographic location.

Psychology can be a good career if it is suited to your interests and goals. The field is expected to experience modest growth in the coming year, and there are always opportunities for growth depending on where your interests lie. The growing need for mental health services and an aging population means that there will be a need for trained psychologists.

A Word From Verywell

Choosing a career is a big decision, and the salary is just one of many factors you need to consider. Money is an important component, but factors such as job outlook and quality of life are also essential.

So is becoming a psychologist worth it? Only you can decide. Think about how a particular career may suit your personality and goals in life before committing. In the end, the best job for you is the one you will enjoy the most and fulfills your personal and professional needs.

Zavlin D, Jubbal KT, Noé JG, Gansbacher B. A comparison of medical education in Germany and the United States: from applying to medical school to the beginnings of residency. Ger Med Sci. 2017;15:Doc15. doi:10.3205/000256

Torpey E. Business careers with high pay.  Career Outlook,  U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016.

Kossek EE, Baltes BB, Matthews RA. How Work-Family Research Can Finally Have an Impact in Organizations. Ind Organ Psychol . 2011;4(3):352-369. doi:10.1111/j.1754-9434.2011.01353.x

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational employment and wages, May 2021: 19-3032 industrial-organizational psychologists .

Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. The SIOP income and employment report is here !

Harvey PD. Clinical applications of neuropsychological assessment. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2012;14(1):91-9.

Wahass SH. The role of psychologists in health care delivery. J Family Community Med. 2005;12(2):63-70.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational employment and wages, May 2019: 19-3031 clinical, counseling, and school psychologists .

Iudici A, Salvini A, Faccio E, Castelnuovo G. The clinical assessment in the legal field: An empirical study of bias and limitations in forensic expertise. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1831. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01831

Burrow-sanchez J, Call ME, Adolphson SL, Hawken LS. School psychologists' perceived competence and training needs for student substance abuse*. J Sch Health. 2009;79(6):269-76. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00409.x

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Psychologists: Job outlook . Occupational Outlook Handbook .

Röthlin P, Birrer D, Horvath S, Grosse holtforth M. Psychological skills training and a mindfulness-based intervention to enhance functional athletic performance: design of a randomized controlled trial using ambulatory assessment. BMC Psychol. 2016;4(1):39. doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0147-y

American Psychological Association. Hot careers: Sports psychology .

• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Outlook Handbook. 

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Psychology • December 16, 2023

Is a PsyD Degree Worth It? Insights into Psychology Careers

In the journey of becoming a clinical psychologist , one critical question often surfaces: Is a PsyD degree worth it?

This question is not just about the value of the degree itself but also reflects the aspirations, commitment, and potential career trajectory of an individual in the vast field of psychology.

As we delve into the essence of this question, we shall explore the intricate details of the PsyD , or Doctor of Psychology, and what it signifies for those who choose this path.

Clinical psychology: The art of healing minds with compassion and expertise

Why Do I Want to Be a Clinical Psychologist?

The desire to become a clinical psychologist often stems from a profound interest in the human mind and a dedicated passion for helping others overcome mental health challenges.

Aspiring psychologists are drawn to the opportunity to make a tangible difference in the lives of individuals, families, and communities. Clinical psychologists utilize a range of psychotherapeutic methods and research-backed strategies to address mental health issues, fostering well-being and psychological resilience.

Choosing a career as a clinical psychologist is not a decision made lightly. It requires a deep understanding of human behavior, exceptional communication skills, and the capacity for empathy and ethical judgment.

Those who embark on this career path intend to become licensed psychologists equipped to work in clinical settings, offer evidence-based interventions, and contribute to the broader scope of mental health services.

Is It Hard to Be a Clinical Psychologist?

Entering the professional practice of clinical psychology is indeed a rigorous process. It involves extensive education in graduate programs, practical clinical work, and a thorough grasp of research methods.

Clinical psychologist candidates must navigate the complexities of human psychology, often facing challenging cases that demand critical thinking and innovative problem-solving skills.

Doctoral programs, whether they are Ph.D. programs or PsyD degrees, provide the necessary training for those aiming to become adept in the clinical practice of psychology.

The American Psychological Association (APA) accredits such programs to ensure that the education and training meet the high standards required for professional practice. PsyD students, in particular, often focus on the hands-on aspect of clinical work, preparing them for direct patient care and interaction.

Is it Worth Getting a PsyD?

The value of a Doctor of Psychology degree can be measured across various dimensions, including personal satisfaction, the achievement of career goals, and financial return on investment.

A PsyD degree is specifically designed for those with a clear vision of working as practicing clinicians. Unlike PhD programs, which are often research-oriented, PsyD programs are structured around clinical training and applied psychological services.

With a PsyD, a graduate can become a licensed psychologist, ready to engage in clinical settings. The degree equips them with the skills necessary for a range of career opportunities within the field of psychology.

From private practice to healthcare institutions, PsyD holders contribute significantly as mental health professionals.

The Investment in a PsyD Degree

When considering the question, "Is a PsyD degree worth it?" one must also consider the financial and time investment involved. The median salary for clinical psychologists reflects the high level of education and expertise required. Nevertheless, it is also essential to weigh this against the cost of graduate programs and potential student loans.

The pursuit of higher education in psychology often entails a balance between potential debt and the promise of career advancement. While student loans are a reality for many pursuing a doctoral degree, the career opportunities afforded by such qualifications can justify the investment.

An advanced degree opens doors to positions in academia, research, and higher echelons of clinical practice, often resulting in a significant return on investment over time.

Research Methods and the PsyD

Although the PsyD is less focused on research experience than a PhD, it does not entirely eschew the importance of research methods in clinical practice. A solid grounding in research allows practitioners to stay informed about the latest developments in the field and apply evidence-based practices to their therapy sessions.

Research competency ensures that PsyD graduates can critically evaluate new studies, contribute to ongoing debates in the field, and, if they choose, engage in their own research endeavors.

The PsyD Degree and Professional Practice

The PsyD degree is considered a terminal degree in the field of psychology, representing the pinnacle of professional practice-oriented education. PsyD programs are intensive, incorporating both theoretical knowledge and practical experience to prepare students for the demands of clinical work.

One of the hallmarks of a PsyD program is the emphasis on the clinical psychology program, which focuses on preparing students for real-world psychological practice .

Through work experience in various clinical settings, PsyD students develop a nuanced understanding of patient care, ethical practice, and applying psychological theory to complex problems.

Career Pathways for PsyD Graduates

One of the most compelling aspects of earning a Doctor of Psychology degree is the multitude of career pathways it opens. PsyD graduates are not limited to traditional therapy roles; their expertise is sought after in various domains within and outside clinical work. Let us explore some of the avenues that professionals with a PsyD degree might pursue.

Academic Positions : For those drawn to the academic world, a PsyD degree offers the opportunity to contribute to the education of future mental health professionals. PsyD holders can be professors, lecturers, or clinical supervisors within graduate programs. They are responsible for shaping the curriculum, conducting lectures, and guiding students through clinical training. Their practical experience enriches the learning environment, providing students with a firsthand clinical practice perspective.

Consultancy Roles : PsyD graduates are well-equipped to offer consultancy services. This can range from organizational consultancy, where they apply psychological principles to improve workplace well-being and performance, to legal consultancy, where they might serve as expert witnesses in court cases or advise on matters related to mental health law.

Administration : With a PsyD degree, professionals can also move into administrative positions within healthcare facilities, such as becoming the director of a clinical program or managing a mental health clinic. These roles require a blend of clinical expertise and managerial skills, ensuring that the services provided meet the highest standards of care.

Public Policy : PsyD graduates interested in systemic change might gravitate toward public policy . They can work with government agencies or non-profit organizations to develop policies that promote mental health awareness, improve access to mental health care, and ensure that legislation reflects current psychological knowledge and research.

Specialized Clinical Practice : The field of psychology is rich with specialties, and a PsyD degree allows professionals to delve deeply into specific areas of interest. For example, neuropsychologists assess and treat cognitive and brain function, often working with individuals who have experienced brain injuries or neurocognitive disorders. Health psychologists specialize in how psychological factors affect health and illness and work to promote healthier lifestyles and understand medical conditions from a psychological standpoint.

Research : While the PsyD is a clinically focused degree, graduates may also engage in research. This could involve conducting studies to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, contributing to the development of psychological assessments, or exploring new treatment modalities.

Community Mental Health : PsyD professionals often work in community mental health settings, addressing the needs of underserved populations. They might provide therapy, crisis intervention, or consultation services to community organizations, helping to bridge the gap in mental health services.

Private Practice : Many PsyD graduates are drawn to the autonomy of private practice. This setting allows them to tailor their services to specific client populations, work with various presenting problems, and create a therapeutic environment that aligns with their clinical approach and philosophy.

The versatility of the PsyD degree is one of its most significant benefits. Whether in clinical settings, the classroom, or the broader community, PsyD graduates bring a wealth of knowledge, a deep understanding of human behavior, and a commitment to ethical practice to their chosen careers. This degree not only opens doors to a range of professional opportunities but also places graduates at the forefront of advancing the field of psychology.

Conclusion: Affirming the Value of a PsyD Degree

Turning dreams into degrees – a PsyD graduate ready to lead and heal

Is a PsyD degree worth it?

This is a multifaceted question that depends on one's career goals, interest in clinical work, and commitment to the field of psychology. The degree is an investment in one's future as a mental health professional, providing the credentials and competence required for a fulfilling and impactful career in clinical psychology.

For those answering the call to become deeply engaged in the therapeutic process and to contribute positively to the field of mental health, a PsyD degree is not just worth it; it is a critical step toward achieving their professional aspirations and becoming a catalyst for change in the lives of their patients.

Here at Meridian University , we encourage our students to deeply investigate the nature of the psyche. Our PsyD Program is designed to give you the tools for research and professional practice in clinical psychology.

If you are interested in understanding the mechanisms that govern the human mind, consider speaking with an Admission Advisor to learn more about our programs.

• American Psychological Association. (2022). Clinical Psychology
• American Psychological Association. (2014). A Career in Clinical or Counseling Psychology
• American Psychological Association. (2023). APA-Accredited Programs
• Indeed. (2023). Clinical psychologist salary in the United States
• Cherry, K. (2023). PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: Which Is Right for You?
• American Psychological Association. (2023). APA Clinical Practice Guideline Development
• Lamb, M. E. (2023). Psychology, Public Policy, and Law .

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PsyD vs. PhD: Which Is Right for Me?

by Celeste Jones, PsyD, ABPP

What’s the difference between a PhD and a PsyD degree in clinical psychology ?

In short, while both degrees afford training opportunities in both research and clinical work, the curriculum is designed differently to address the following emphases:

• The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology is a research doctorate designed to advance the knowledge base of the discipline through research and writing, typically within an academic setting.
• The Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)  is a professional doctorate designed to train psychologists for clinical practice, including providing psychotherapy, psychological assessment, and consultation in a variety of clinical settings.

View the PsyD program at George Fox University in Oregon

The Field of Clinical Psychology

There are many different career paths and areas of specialty within psychology, all aimed toward scholarship and/or service that bring psychological healing and wellness to a world that desperately needs it. For this reason, there are also many types of psychological training programs, including both clinical and non-clinical specializations.

The study of clinical psychology specifically explores the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of mental and behavioral health concerns of individuals and families , ranging from mild to severe psychopathology. Clinical psychology also includes work in consultation, training, supervision, teaching and research.

Some non-clinical psychology doctoral degrees include PhDs in social psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and experimental psychology, which are designed to develop academic scholars and researchers in these areas.

Within clinical psychology, one of the primary differentiators between training programs is the distinction between PhD (“scientist-practitioner” model) and PsyD (“practitioner-scholar” model) programs. There is considerable overlap between them in both research and clinical training, and both can be accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) . To further complicate matters, psychologists from both types of programs are often convincing and passionate about the effectiveness of whichever they endorse.

So let’s consider the general differences between the PhD and PsyD in clinical psychology.

PhD clinical psychology programs most often use a mentor-based model of doctoral training, where a student is matched to a single research mentor who they work most closely with throughout their doctoral training. The PhD mentor is responsible to monitor their student’s academic progress and oversee the completion of their doctoral dissertation, often based on the mentor’s area of research interest.

PhD clinical psychology programs are six years long , starting with two years of course work, traditionally with 20 to 40% of course work in statistics and research. After two years of course work, there are three years of clinical practicum, the last two of which also include completion of a doctoral dissertation.

In PhD programs, there are fewer courses, with more time dedicated to research and scholarship . Year six is dedicated to completion of a year-long, full-time supervised internship. While specific rates vary, generally about half of the individuals who graduate from PhD clinical psychology programs become academics or researchers, and the other half engage in the practice of clinical psychology.

PsyD clinical psychology programs most often involve more course work than the PhD programs , aiming to focus in more depth on clinical skills and foundations needed for clinical practice in a wide range of populations and settings. Most PsyD programs match students to a research mentor to facilitate completion of the doctoral dissertation, but there is less time spent on research in general.

PsyD programs are completed in five years , with the first year dedicated to foundational course work, followed by three years of a combination of course work, clinical practicum and dissertation research. The fifth year is dedicated to completion of a year-long, full-time supervised internship. Clinical training toward service delivery is the emphasis of these training programs, with students gaining enough competency in research to be able to apply research effectively in their clinical practice.

Social Context

As psychologists are aware, social context matters immensely to one’s overall well-being, and graduate training programs in clinical psychology are no exception. Many prospective students wonder what kinds of social support are provided in graduate training programs, and PhD and PsyD programs often have different organizing structures around the training relationships students are involved in.

Traditionally, PhD programs are smaller programs , with a mentor taking one to two new students each training year.  Depending on the number of faculty in a program, there may be five to 10 students in each graduating class. With fewer courses and more limited relationships with other faculty, the most important relationship in this kind of program is with the mentor, with a second level of support coming from other students working in the same mentor’s research lab.

PsyD programs are typically a bit larger , with 20 to 50 students per graduating class.  Generally, the PsyD programs that are on the lower end of those class sizes are more likely to be “high-touch” programs, emphasizing close-knit faculty-student and community relationships as formative to the developing psychologist. With less time committed to research and more course work with various faculty, PsyD students have the opportunity to develop close relationships with many mentors  (research advisor, clinical practicum supervisors, other faculty).

Many PsyD programs also use “cohort model” training, in which an incoming student class generally takes all of their required course work together with the students they entered the program with, an intentional design to promote student relationship-building and the formation of healthy group dynamics that facilitate student learning and development.

Career Opportunities

One of the draws of gaining a doctorate in clinical psychology, whether PhD or PsyD, is the wide variety of career opportunities a clinical psychologist is equipped for.

PhD programs may have more students interested in becoming academic scholars and college faculty members (which do not necessarily require licensure), while PsyD programs may have more students interested in clinical practice and the delivery of psychological services with clients.

Within clinical service, the settings in which psychologists work include:

• Private practices
• Group practices
• Community mental health agencies
• Prisons and corrections settings
• Psychiatric inpatient treatment
• Residential treatment centers
• Primary care offices

Their work can include diagnosis, assessment and treatment of common psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression and ADHD, as well as rarer and/or more severe psychopathology such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or personality disorders (e.g., narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder).

Psychologists are often valued members of interdisciplinary teams, collaborating with primary care physicians, specialists, occupational therapists, social workers, speech and language pathologists, teachers, and other allied health professionals.

Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology

State licensure as a clinical psychologist requires completion of a doctoral degree in clinical psychology.  A few states have an option of completing additional supervision and oversight after earning a Master of Arts (MA) in Clinical Psychology degree in order to attain licensure at the master’s level, but for the most part a doctoral degree is required to practice psychology.

Licensure at the MA level most often requires additional training and supervision. This is called a “non-terminal” master’s degree, which means that the MA curriculum is not designed to meet any particular licensure requirements. Rather, the MA degree is an academic stepping stone to attaining licensure after the subsequent doctoral degree is earned.

Students typically apply to doctoral training programs that include a non-terminal MA degree – such as George Fox University’s PsyD program  – directly after earning their bachelor’s degree. Doctoral programs most often include earning an MA as part of the same program.

Financial Cost/Return on Investment

While the meaning and purpose found in a career as a clinical psychologist can be deeply satisfying, it’s also helpful for prospective students to consider salaries and costs of training. For both the PsyD and PhD, the year-long internship in the final year of training is funded, so students only take a minimal number of credits. Let’s consider the costs of the first five years (PhD) or four years (PsyD) of training.

Some PhD programs are tuition-based, but more traditional PhD programs offer grant-funded stipends  for the students working in a particular mentor’s research lab. With fewer courses and grant-funded research, funded positions in PhD programs often provide an affordable way to complete a doctorate in clinical psychology. This is important to the ongoing development of career academics and researchers whose salaries are often significantly lower than those in clinical practice, at least until later in their academic career.

While PsyD programs are tuition-based (costing upwards of $100,000 in the end), salaries in clinical practice are higher , making student loan repayment very affordable. A program’s financial aid office often has information on a program’s “default rate,” which is the percentage of students who are unable to successfully pay off their student loans – a number worth looking into prior to investing in a PsyD degree. In addition, there are federal programs like the National Health Service Corps that exchange loan repayment for graduates who work in underserved areas.

Closing Thoughts

The field of clinical psychology is a highly satisfying career, rich in meaning and purpose and providing a wide variety of career opportunities.

Once you decide to become a clinical psychologist, there are many factors to consider in determining whether a PhD or PsyD program would be the best fit. While there are many areas of overlap and both can be accredited by the APA, there are some general differences in the training models based on the training goals and curriculum design and structure.

Prospective students are encouraged to thoughtfully consider these training program attributes in determining the best fit for their graduate training aims.

Celeste Jones is the former program director for George Fox University’s PsyD program in Oregon.

Counselors vs. Therapists vs. Psychologists: Key Differences

Industry Advice Healthcare

While emotional health concerns have gained visibility in recent years, many people still struggle to find the support they need in their daily lives. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America , an estimated 4.1 million adolescents aged 12 to 17 in the United States had at least one major depressive episode in 2022. As a result, these current challenges in providing the right emotional care for individuals with emotional disorders are promising for young professionals hoping to become a mental health professional in the coming years.

If you are considering a career as a mental health professional, it can be exciting (and potentially overwhelming) to learn of the many job titles and career paths available to pursue. While the wide variety of jobs increases your chances of aligning your career goals and interests, understanding the differences between counselors and therapists can make choosing the “right” path a daunting task. 

Three of the most common job titles in the mental health industry are counselor, therapist, and psychologist. But what is the difference between these job titles? Are counselors, therapists, and psychologists really that different from one another, or are they more similar than different?

While there is overlap between these three career options, there are specific differences that you should understand before embarking on a career in the field. Here, we explore those differences. 

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What Is a Counselor?

The term counselor is used to broadly refer to a professional trained in the fields of psychology, counseling, social work, or a range of medical fields such as nursing. Mental health counselors , specifically, are those professionals working in a mental health capacity. 

Mental health counselors perform many functions and responsibilities. Their duties include conducting patient evaluations, providing educational resources around mental health conditions, and making recommendations that the client or patient can use to address mental health issues.

Often, mental health counselors will specialize in addressing a particular issue, such as substance abuse, sexual abuse, marriage and relationships, or family counseling, among others.

There are various types of counselors; here are some common job titles you can pursue in this field:

• Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC)
• Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC)
• Substance Abuse Counselor

What Is a Therapist?

A therapist is an individual that has been professionally trained to provide some form of therapy to a patient or client that addresses either a mental or physical disorder.

Examples of the types of therapy used in the context of physical medicine can include physical therapists and occupational therapists. In the context of mental health, the terms mental health therapist and psychotherapist are common.

As with counselors, therapists will often specialize in addressing particular client issues, such as marriage and family issues, substance abuse, etc. There are various types of therapists; here are some common job titles you can pursue in this field:

• Counseling Therapist
• Family Therapist
• Rehabilitation Psychology Therapist

The Difference Between Therapists and Counselors

If the two definitions above sound very similar, it’s because they are. Mental health counselors and therapists occupy the same professional space, treating the same issues within the same patient populations. Even within the industry, you can find the terms used interchangeably in some contexts.

However, here are some of the key differences between counselors and therapists you should keep in mind when choosing which career is right for you.

1. Treatment Plans

Perhaps the biggest difference between the role of a counselor and therapist is their approaches to treatment. A s a practice, counseling services often address specific problems, emotional challenges, or behavioral struggles in a patient’s life in a very practical way.

A licensed counselor working with a patient who suffers from anxiety might, for example, provide the patient with different therapeutic practices that they can use to ward off a pending panic attack. Or they might give a patient with alcoholism a set series of steps to follow when they feel a craving coming on. In this regard, there is a certain problem-solving approach inherent in counseling.

Therapists, however, take a slightly different approach to mental health treatment. They work to help their patients address similar issues, and often provide the same advice that counselors might. However, a key difference is that therapists often seek to go deeper by helping the patient understand the how and why behind a challenge. For example:

• What scenarios tend to bring on addictive issues and why?
• What situations are more likely to trigger a panic attack and why?
• What is the root of these issues?

Therapists seek to identify the source of these issues through a combination of talk therapy and other frameworks.

As such, counseling is often (though not always) a short-term approach, arming the patient with tools they can put into action immediately to begin living a more healthy life. Therapy, on the other hand, is often a longer-term process that can last months or even years as the therapist and client seek out the root of the issues being addressed to make lasting change.

It is important to note that despite these differences in treatment, however, counselors and therapists will often borrow from each other’s playbook.

2. Education

While the required education levels for these various positions overlap, there are some counseling certifications that don’t require advanced degrees. For example, some states certify addictions counselors with an associate degree, or a combination of college credits, professional seminars, and years of professional experience working in addiction. However, if you hope to become a licensed mental health counselor or own a private practice, you must earn a master’s degree to gain licensure.

According to our analysis of job postings data, 71 percent of advertised LMHC jobs require at least a master’s degree. If you hope to become a master’s-level counselor, it’s recommended that you hold a Master of Science in Counseling Psychology . However, there are a few additional options available to you if you are interested in alternative paths.

Therapists also need to earn at least a master’s degree through a psychology, social work, or counseling program. During this graduate program, students choose a field of specialty while completing their degree, including:

• Family Issues
• Couple Issues
• Eating Disorders

According to our analysis of job postings data, 68 percent of advertised therapist jobs require at least a master’s degree in one of these programs. For some, this career path can be enticing for those who are interested in having more control over what they learn in the classroom, but there are additional differences to consider before making a final decision.

3. Licensure

Licensure is an important factor in any career in healthcare. For example, master’s-level counselors are expected to gain licensure if they hope to legally practice in the state they work in. Some of these common licenses include:

• Licenced Mental Health Counselors (LHMCs)
• Licensed Professional Counselors (LPCs)
• Licensed Clinical Social Workers (LCSWs)

To qualify for your license, you’ll need to complete a certain amount of clinical work, and the exact amount often depends on the state you hope to work in as well as the license you are applying for. For example, in Massachusetts, at least 3,360 hours of mental health counseling over a period ranging between two and eight years need to be completed to gain licensure.

Therapists are also required to complete an extensive level of training that focuses on developing a wide range of clinical skills needed to properly address patients’ needs. This is done through professional experience supervised by a licensed therapist.

Depending on the type of therapy you hope to work in, here are a few examples of licenses you may want to obtain:

• Licensed Marital and Family Therapist (LMFT)
• Licensed clinical social workers (LCSWs)

The supervision period for these licenses largely depends on the state in which you hope to gain licensure, but this can range anywhere from 1,000 to 4,000 hands-on hours.

While the licensing requirements may create two different timelines for these professions, it is important to note that both a licensed counselor and therapist must pass a comprehensive licensing exam in order to legally practice.

Salary is a common factor in the decision-making process when it comes to choosing a future career path. This is particularly important when considering the salary discrepancy between therapists and licensed mental health counselors.

According to our analysis of job posting data, the median salary of therapists is $62,300 per year. On the other hand, LMHCs can expect a median annual salary of $83,300. Despite this salary difference, it’s important to note that the same report shows significant growth in the advertised wage trend of each job title. Therefore, these career paths may offer different median salaries, but both provide stable growth in annual earnings over time.

5. Employment Opportunities

Every career path has different levels of employment opportunity. The good news is that both therapists and counselors can expect steady growth in unique job posting trends. According to our analysis of job posting data, therapists have seen an 11 percent increase in unique job postings over the past two years. Licensed mental health counselors experienced a 26 percent increase from April 2021 to April 2023.

This can be incredibly encouraging for anyone interested in going into the fields, but it’s also important to consider the states with the most job openings for each job title. For example, according to our job postings report the top five states that are hiring therapists are:

In contrast, the top states that are currently hiring LMHC include:

• Massachusetts

While you may have already chosen what state you hope to work in, this information can be incredibly valuable when thinking about what career path fits your professional needs.

What Is a Psychologist?

Another common job title within mental health counseling is that of a psychologist. Whereas therapists and counselors hold similar responsibilities, the difference is more pronounced for psychologists and the mental health services they provide.

A psychologist is similar to mental health counselors and therapists in that they also work to improve their patients’ mental and emotional health. The techniques and frameworks that they use tend to differ, however. For example, while both counselors and therapists use various therapeutic approaches, psychologists generally draw on one or more theories of psychotherapy.

Some forms of psychotherapy include:

• Psychoanalysis and psychodynamic: Focuses on changing problematic behaviors, feelings, and thoughts by discovering their unconscious motivations
• Behavioral: Concentrates on learning’s role in developing behaviors and habits Cognitive therapy: Emphasizes what people think rather than what they do
• Humanistic: Highlights people’s capacity to make rational choices and reach their maximum potential

These types of psychotherapy tend to play a bigger role in licensed psychologists’ treatment plans.

Additionally, psychologists are likely to deal with more complex issues than counselors. This is largely due to the fact that psychologists work with patients with severe mental health disorders, such as clinical depression, borderline personality disorder, and bipolar disorder. With this in mind, becoming a counseling psychologist will typically require a higher level of education, such as earning a PhD in Counseling Psychology . In fact, according to our analysis of job posting data only 17 percent of psychologist job postings require a master’s degree, while 59 percent require a PhD.

In addition to the type of degree, psychologists also have different licensing requirements. Much like certain counselors and most therapists, psychologists are required to work under licensed supervision for at least one year. This supervised experience tends to be longer than what is expected of counselors and therapists. These additional hours on top of the additional training and education makes becoming a psychologist a more time-consuming career path.

However, this additional work in both education and licensure is rewarded financially. According to our analysis of job posting data, the median annual salary of psychologists is $104,300. Not only that, psychologists have seen a substantial increase in unique job postings of over 40 percent since April 2021. As a result, it is important to consider all of these factors before making a final decision.

Choosing The Right Career For Your Future

If you’re considering entering the mental health field, it’s important to understand the various available job functions so you can choose a career path that aligns with your interests and goals. While there are many different variations of the titles discussed above, the most common will be counselor, therapist, and psychologist. Though these are related in many ways, the differences are also significant and can substantially change the trajectory of your career. Pursuing a degree in counseling psychology is one way you can ensure you are ready for whatever path you choose.

Jumpstart your career today by   learning more about the skills and experience needed to succeed in counseling psychology.

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About shayna joubert, related articles, 4 pressing global health problems we face today, global health careers: how can i make a difference.

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• PsyD vs PhD

Salary Outlook Ph.D vs Psy.D. in Behavioral Health Degree

Students who have a strong interest in the psychology field may be interested in a doctoral degree (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) in behavioral health. A graduate degree in behavioral health concentrates on skills you need for human services, counseling and related psychological services. Typical areas of study in this doctoral degree program include:

• Advanced study of vital behavioral health concepts, including history, theories, current tends, techniques, approaches, research and best practices.
• Understanding of behavioral health skills: DSM manual and ICD codes, new brain technologies, clinical and documentation skills, regulations. Understand scope of practice, assessment, diagnosis and client treatment.
• Cultural competency: Discuss how culture, diversity and social justice affect behavioral health, as well as the role of religion and spirituality.
• Information technology in behavioral health: Understand how to evaluate diverse technology for use in behavioral health settings, including electronic and medical health records and keeping of records. Doctoral students will understand privacy, security and confidentiality related to patient records

If you are interested in a Ph.D. or Psy.D. in behavioral health, it is smart to understand your salary potential overall in psychology and behavioral health. Below are details about salaries with a doctoral degree in behavioral health.

The Difference Between a Ph.D. and Psy.D.

You can earn either a Ph.D. or Psy.D. in this field. But what is the difference? Generally, the Ph.D. in behavioral health is focused more on research, conducting experiments and analyzing behavior data. Many graduates with this degree will work in research laboratories and/or academia.

SEE ALSO:  What is Difference PhD vs PsyD of Psychology?

On the other hand, a Psy.D. in behavioral health that is focused more on the clinical aspects of behavioral health. The Psy.D. generally prepares the student for a career in professional and/or private practice in psychology or behavioral health. ( Alliant.edu ).

Salary Outlook For Behavioral Health Overview

The Bureau of Labor Statistics provides salary data for several fields related to behavioral health. First, BLS states the median salary for substance abuse, behavioral disorder and mental health counselors in 2017 was $43,500, but the top 10% with the most education and experience such as a Ph.D. or Psy.D. holder, earned a median salary of $70,800. ( BLS.gov ).

SEE ALSO:  10 Best Careers with a PhD in Behavioral Health

Payscale.com also reports the average salary for a behavioral health therapist is $49,800. The salary range is between $39,000 and $63,000.

Also, below are some common jobs and salaries that you can find with a Ph.D. or Psy.D. in behavioral health according to Payscale.com:

• Mental Health Specialist : $52,715. A mental health specialist helps clients who are living with serious mental illness and how it affects those around them. This field is related to psychology, but the mental health specialist is often trained in behavioral health, and is often the first person that provides advice in the field. ( com )
• Behavioral Health Specialist : $48,977. A behavioral health specialist offers direction and counseling to people who face addiction, mental illness and physical limitations. ( com ).
• Mental Health Counselor : $40,400. A mental health counselor is a healthcare worker who treats and diagnoses various mental health problems and mental illnesses. Mental health counseling normally consists of helping patients who are working through illness or psychological problems. ( com ).
• Psychologist : $77,000. A psychologist studies behavioral, emotional, cognitive and social processes as they observe, interpret and record how people relate to each other and the environment. They use their conclusions to improve processes and behaviors for their patients. See also clinical psychologists . ( gov ).
• Substance Abuse Counselor : $51,000. A substance abuse counselor offers behavior modification therapy to people who struggle with alcohol or drug abuse. This can lead to support groups and group counseling, as well as potential one on one sessions with your patients. ( com ).

Salary Overview for Overview for Psychologists

In the field of psychology, which is tied closely to behavioral health, the median salary for all professionals is $77,030, with the most educated and experienced earning $124,500 per year. ( BLS.edu ). The median salary for major industries for psychologist are as follows:

• Government: $94,900
• Hospitals: $83,800
• Ambulatory healthcare services: $77,000
• Elementary and secondary schools: $74,400

Payscale.com reports the average salary for clinical psychologists is $76,300, while those with a Ph.D. or Psy.D typically earn $110,000 per year. ( Payscale.com ). That site also reports the average salary for a counseling psychologist is $56,450, with a top salary potential for doctoral holders at $90,000. ( Payscale.com ).  That website also reports the average salary for psychologists is $76,300, with a range between $48,000 and $110,000. ( Payscale.com ).

Job Outlook

The job outlook for doctoral holders in behavioral health is strong, as this degree can apply to several fields and occupations with rising interest in the US.

For example, job growth for substance abuse, behavioral disorder and mental health counselors will rise by an impressive 23% through 2026, much faster than average. More people will be seeking help for their behavior disorders as states are looking for treatment and counseling services for drug offenders rather than putting them in jails. ( BLS.gov ).

Further, the job outlook for the psychology professions also is looking good. Job demand for all psychologists in the US will rise by 14% through 2026, which is faster than average. ( BLS.gov ). Demand for clinical and counseling psychologists will rise as people are looking for help to deal with their mental and behavior problems. This is common because our population is aging and elderly people typically need more forms of psychological help and counseling.

More Demand for Behavioral Health and Psychology Professionals Reflects Healthcare Job Trends

Employment for healthcare occupations generally in the US is increasing quickly as the US population is growing older. The Bureau of Labor Statistics states employment in all healthcare occupations will rise by 18% through 2026, much faster than average. ( BLS.gov ). In this time, 2.4 million new jobs will be added, and many of them with be in doctoral level jobs in psychology and behavioral health.

Professionals earning their Ph.D. or Psy.D. in behavioral health will have the ability to earn a good salary in many professions, from psychologist to behavior health specialist in the coming decade.

• Psychologists. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/psychologists.htm
• Substance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder and Mental Health Counselors. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/substance-abuse-behavioral-disorder-and-mental-health-counselors.htm
• Healthcare Occupations. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/home.htm
• Substance Abuse Counselor Salary. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Substance_Abuse_Counselor/Salary
• Counseling Psychologist Salary. (n.d.). Retrieved https://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Counseling_Psychologist/Salary
• Mental Health Counselor. (n.d.). Retrieved https://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Mental_Health_Counselor/Salary
• Clinical Psychologist. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Clinical_Psychologist/Salary
• Psychologist Occupation. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/psychologists.htm#tab-2
• Difference Between Ph.D. and Psy.D. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.alliant.edu/blog/whats-difference-phd-psyd-clinical-psychology/
• Highest Paying Psychology Careers in 2019. (2019). Retrieved from  https://psydprograms.org/top-highest-paying-psychology-careers/