narrative essay for jss1

ENGLISH LANGUAGE JSS1

On this page, get all English Language JSS1 topics from First Term to Third Term. Find them below, study them and excel in your examinations.

Course Information

Categories: JSS 1

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Speech work: introduction to speech (organs of speech), grammar: parts of speech – nouns,…, speech work: pure vowel sounds (monothongs) with examples, comprehension: unit 2, page 31, comprehension: a conversation, page 43, grammar/structure: verbs- definition, identification with examples, comprehension: unit 6, page 79. two good friends, grammar:  adjectives- definition, identification, comprehension: unit 7(a) page 91 oduduwa, grammar: comparison of adjectives, speech work /ae /, grammar: adverbs – identification, definition, speech work: / a:/, comprehension: unit 8, page 103. every man and death, comprehension: unit 9, composition: features of an informal letter with sample model, grammar: introduction to adverbs (features and functions), second term, speech work: /u/, grammar: adverbs,  comprehension: page 126 (c), speech work: contrast /u:/, /u/,  grammar: tenses- present tense, speech work: /ᴧ/, grammar: the simple past tense simple past tense, past continuous,… , speech work: /ᴣ/, grammar: activities on tenses (present and past), comprehension: unit 12 moimoi,  composition: formal letter, literature: drama, feature, speech work: contrast/d/, /ᴐ/,/ᴂ/,/a:/, grammar: making sentences with tenses, grammar: simple future, grammar: adverbs, comprehension: unit 14, page 181, composition: a festival in my village, vocabulary development: prefixes, speech work: /iᶕ/ and /ai/,  grammar: tenses of active and passive voice comprehension: page 16, speech work: introduction to consonant sounds (twelve), grammar: the use of active and passive voice with examples, speech work: two, three &  four syllables,  grammar: the use of active and passive voice with example, speech work: syllables continued,  grammar: exercises on active and passive voice, grammar: statements/ tag questions and responses,  speech work: consonant clusters, speech work: consonants (cont.),  grammar: differences between polar and tag questions, composition (narrative), speech work: /ᶕu/, /ai/ and /ei/,  grammar: exercises on verbs, speech work: /ᶕu/, /ai/ and /ei/ grammar: exercises on verbs , share this lesson with your friend.

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JSS 1 English Language Scheme of Work ( 1st, 2nd, 3rd Term)

This JSS 1 English Language Scheme of Work covers the entire 1st, 2nd, and 3rd terms, offering you a well-defined roadmap to engage and empower your students. Dive into a curriculum designed to enhance language skills, nurture communication, and ignite a lifelong love for English Language learning.

JSS 1 FIRST TERM ENGLISH STUDIES SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK                       TOPICS/CONTENTS

1.1                           SPEECH WORK

• Introduction to speech
• Organs of speech

1.2                           GRAMMAR

Parts of speech

• Nouns – Meaning
• Types of Nouns with examples

1.3                          READING AND COMPREHENSION

• The Family – (Use any of the recommend texts for JSS 1)
• Vocabulary Development – Introduction to Language Skills:
• Listening skills
• Speaking Skills
• Reading Skills
• Writing Skills

1.4                           COMPOSITION

• Meaning of Composition
• Types of Composition (Narrative, Descriptive, Argumentative, Expository).

1.5                           LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

• What is Literature?
• The Features of Literature
• Types of Literature – Oral, Historical, Dance Drama, Miming…… With reference to related texts.

2.1                           SPEECH WORK

• Pure Vowels sound (Monotones)

2.2                           GRAMMAR

• Meaning, Identification
• Types of Pronouns

2.3                           READING AND COMPREHENSION

Reading Strategies – (SPQ3R) – Survey, Preview, Question, Recite, Recall, Review, and Vocabulary Development Members of the family.

2.4                           COMPOSITION

Elements of Composition – Introduction, body and conclusion.

2.5                           LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

• Purpose/Functions of Literature
• Introduction to prose – Use the recommended text.

3.1                           SPEECH WORK

Vowel / i: /

3.2                           GRAMMAR

• Definitions, Identification with example.
• Types of Verbs – Transitive, Intransitive, Regular, Irregular, Auxiliary, Lexical

3.3                           READING AND COMPREHENSION

• Identification of main / supporting ideas.
• Vocabulary Development – Your school subjects

3.4                           COMPOSITION

Outlining the differences between Descriptive essay and Narrative essays.

3.5                           LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

• Introduction to the elements of prose (plot, style, characterization)
• Types of oral literature

4.1                           SPEECH WORK

Vowel Sound / i /

4.2                           GRAMMAR

• Definition and Identification
• Types of Adjectives

4.3                           READING AND COMPREHENSION

Reading to answer specific questions – Test for knowledge and translation level.

4.4                           COMPOSITION

Narrative Essay – My experience in former school

4.5                           LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

• Use the recommended text on prose
• Features of Oral Literature

5.1                           SPEECH WORK

Vowel Sound / e /

5.2                           GRAMMAR

Comparison of Adjectives – Absolute Adjectives

Paragraph writing – Arrangement of ideas in logical sequence with introduction and conclusion.

5.5                           LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

• Introduction to Drama
• Types and elements of drama
• Characterization and themes in the recommended prose text.

• Definition, Identification
• Types of Adverb with examples

6.3                           READING AND COMPREHENSION

Reading to answer specific questions: test for interpretation level and projection level.

6.4                           COMPOSITION

Descriptive Essay – A Market place.

6.5                           LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

• Use the recommended text on drama.
• Plot and setting in the recommended drama text.

Prepositions

• Types and Functions with Examples.

7.5                           LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

• Introduction to Folktales
• Definition and Types
• Narration of a Folktale

8.1                           SPEECH WORK

Vowel Sound / ɒ /

8.2                           GRAMMAR

Conjunctions

• Subordinating
• Coordinating

8.3                           READING AND COMPREHENSION

Asking questions to cover all the levels of comprehension (where, when, how, why and what)

8.4                           COMPOSITION

Features of an informal letter

8.5                           LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

• Use the recommended text on drama
• Introduction to figures of speech (Simile, Metaphor, Irony,….)

9.1                           SPEECH WORK

Vowel Sound        / c: /

9.2                           GRAMMAR

Introduction to Adverbials (Features, Functions and Types)

9.3                           READING AND COMPREHENSION

Asking specific questions that will elicit student opinion.

9. 4                          COMPOSITION

Informal Letter – Letter to your cousin telling him/her about your new school.

9.5                           LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

• A review of the recommend texts

II.Figures of Speech

12 & 13.             EXAMINATION

JSS 1 SECOND TERM ENGLISH STUDIES SCHEME OF WORK

Folktales – African tales

• Features and themes of African folktales (Didactic, Entertainment, magical).
• Use the recommended text on prose.

Vowel Sound        /u:/

Tenses – Simple Present Tense

• Asking specific questions that require students to make projections
• Vocabulary Development – The Library

Formal Letter – A letter to the school authority (refer to week 2)

• Introduction to poetry – Definition, Feature (concise, unique,…)

4.1                      SPEECH WORK

Vowel Sound        / ʌ /

Tenses – Simple Past Tense

• Asking specific questions that require recall of ideas and facts.
• Vocabulary Development – Marriage related words

Guided composition – The Federal Roads Safety Commission

• Poetry – Types (Epic, Lyrics…..)
• Differentiate between oral and written poetry.

Tenses – The Present Continuous Tense

5.3                           READING AND COMPREHENSION

Reading to understand the Author’s Mood and expression used in the passage e.g. anger, doubt, joy,…

5.4                           COMPOSITION

Narrative Essay – The Most Memorable Day of My Life.

• Drama – Features (Theme, Costumes, Audience and so on).
• Identification of the features of drama in a given text.

• Reading to interpret diagrams maps and sketches accurately.
• Vocabulary Development – Word Formation using prefixes

Argumentative (Arranging ideas in logical sequences).

• Myths and Legends – Features (magic, superstition and so on.)

• Dramatization of some scenes in the recommended text on drama
• A review of the recommend texts.
• & 12.EXAMINATION

JSS 1 THIRD TERM ENGLISH STUDIES SCHEME OF WORK

1.3                           READING AND COMPREHENSION

• Reading to make meaning from spatial description.
• Vocabulary Development – Air Transport

Introduction to Expository Essay.

• Theme/characterization in the recommended prose text.

• Setting / Plot in the recommended text

3.1                       SPEECH WORK

Introduction to consonant sounds

The Use of Passive with examples

• Reading to identify keywords in the passage that signals direction.
• Vocabulary Development – words associated with the kitchen.

• Vocabulary Development – Words associated with the sick bay.

Argumentative Essay – Tribalism is a better evil than cultism

• Myths/Legend – Identification of the moral lessons learnt from a legend.

Argumentative Essay – Cultism erodes traditional values in a society

• Identification / Explanations of the meaning of a selected poem.
• Identification of figures of speech in the selected poems

6.1                      SPEECH WORK

Consonant clusters (asks, school, thrive, please, respect…..)

6.2                           GRAMMAR

Statements and Tag Questions

• Identification of topics sentences
• Vocabulary Development – Words associated with teaching.

• Write a Short play or story.

7.1                           SPEECH WORK

Word boundaries – Production of sounds with reference to linking sounds. For example, matter of fact, shah of Iran, bread and butter, poor and blind.

7.2                           GRAMMAR

Differentiating between polar questions tag questions.

7.3                           READING AND COMPREHENSION

• Refer to week 8 of 2 nd term

II.Vocabulary Development – Spelling Drills

7.4                           COMPOSITION

Expository Essay: How to plant tress

• Use similes and metaphors in sentences.

• Dramatization of an act from the drama text
• Turn Similes to Metaphor and vice versa. For example, she is as red as a rose, she is a red rose.

9.1                         SPEECH WORK

Diphthongs – Contrasting / ʊə / and / əʊ / as in tour and pole, etc.

REVISION on Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs and Adjectives

Reading for Evaluation.

9.4                           COMPOSITION

Revise all the types of essays

More on figure of speech Euphemism/pun.

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Free English Language Lesson Note JSS1

Free english language lesson note jss1 was pulled from our book (lesson note on english for jss1 ms-word); compiled to serve as a reference material to help teachers draw out their lesson plan easier, saving you valuable time to focus on the core job of teaching., free english language lesson note jss 1 are based on the current nerdc curriculum ( ube compliant), free english language lesson note jss 1 covers the following topics.

1. SYLLABLES II 2. VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT SPOKEN ENGLISH, PART OF SPEECH, PUNCTUATION

Topic: Syllables

Speech Work: Syllables (continuation) Syllables are formed when a vowel pairs with a consonant to create a unit of sound. Some words have one syllable (monosyllabic), and some words have many syllables (polysyllabic). New vowels sounds create new syllables. • long This word has one syllable. There is only one vowel sound, created by the “o.” • shame

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE: Second term's scheme of work for JSS 1 - 3

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Lesson Plan On Parts of Speech (JSS1 First Term English Language)

Sample lesson note for Secondary school teachers especially the English Language Teachers.

LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK ONE, ENDING (put date here)

School:         (put name of school here)

Session:       2020/2021.

Term:          First Term

Subject:      English Language.

Topic:          Parts of Speech.

Class:           JSS 1

Class size:

Average Age:

Time Table Fit : The lesson on parts of speech has no bearing previous lesson on Punctuations.

Set Induction: The teacher asks the students to mention any part of speech they know.

Specific Objectives:

Main Aim: By the end of the lesson, the students should be able to define the term parts of speech, state the organs of speech, and define descriptive essay.

S ubsidiary Aims : By the end of the lesson, students should be able to;

Cognitive Domain:

• define the term parts of speech,
• state the various parts of speech,
• recognise the diagram of the various organs of speech,
• state these speech organs and their uses,
• state the meaning of descriptive essay and its features.

Affective Domain: show full interest in the classroom discussions.

Psychomotor Domain:

• write out the meaning of parts of speech,
• write out the various parts of speech,
• draw the organs of speech in English,
• write the uses of these organs in speech production,
• write out the meaning of descriptive essay and its features.

Assumptions: The students may have heard of parts of speech in the past.

Anticipated problem : The students may not have known the most important organ of speech.

Possible solution: The teacher tells the students that the ‘tongue’ is the most mobile, crucial and essential organ of speech because it moves in almost all directions in the mouth.

instructional Material s : English Language textbook, chart on the human organs of speech, audio tape.

Teaching techniques : Teacher – students interaction/demonstration methods.

Presentation:

Day 1, Period 1:

Step 1 : MEANING OF PARTS OF SPEECH.

Parts of speech is the category to which a word is grouped according to the function it performs when arranged in a sentence. Words in the same part of speech has similar grammatical properties.

Step 2: Categories of parts of speech.

Parts of speech is divided into two namely; the grammatical and the lexical parts of speech. The grammatical parts of speech are: articles and determiners. While the lexical parts of speech are:  Nouns,verbs,pronouns,adverbs,adjectives,prepositions,conjunctions and exclamation or interjection.

– – – – – – – – – – – –

Click Here to Download Comprehensive and Detailed English Language Lesson notes for Secondary school from JSS1 – SS3

Day 2, Period 2:

Step 3 : THE HUMAN ORGANS OF SPEECH.

       Diagram of the human organs of speech.

The human organs of speech (above) are the organs we use for the production of speech sounds.

Step 4: Description of the human speech organs:

• The tongue: This is the most essential and crucial organ of speech. It moves about in the mouth in all directions to produce sounds as it articulates with or touches other organs of speech. We consider the height of the tongue (whether high or low) in relate to the roof of the mouth,and its position, in terms of front or backward movement, before naming a particular sound.
• The Lips: These are also important in the production of sounds such as bilabial sounds, e.g; /p/,/b/,/m/,/w/. We consider whether the lips are rounded or unrounded. If the lips are rounded, the vowels produced are called rounded vowels.
• The teeth: These are stationary organs of speech which other organs (such as the tip of the tongue and lips) articulate with to produce sounds like: / ð /,/f/,/v/.
• The alveolar ridge: This is located between the hard palate and the upper teeth. It is the point where the tip of the tongue articulates with to form or produce alveolar sounds such as; /t/,/d/,/l/,/n/.
• The soft palate: This can be found behind the hard palate. Velum is capable of being raised or lowered, and the extremity of which is the uvula. The base of the tongue articulates with the soft palate to produce ‘velar sounds’ such as /k/,/g/,/ ŋ /.
• The nasal cavity: This is an open space behind the nose and above the palate where air passes through when we breathe. The proper production of nasal sounds are made possible through the help of the cavity. The sounds such as; /m/,/n/,/ ŋ / are all nasalized sounds.
• The vocal cords: These are the two folds of ligaments and elastic tissues found in the Larynx or Adam’s Apple. In between the folds is an opening which is referred to as the glottis. If the opening is wide enough whereby the pulmonic air has a free passage, the cords ‘will not vibrate’. However, if the opening is too small,the air cause the cords ‘to vibrate’ in the process of forcing its way out of the small opening. As a result of the vibration, voiced sounds will be produced.

The place where the glottal sounds are produced is known as the pharynx. E.g. /h/.

Day 3; Period 3.

 Step 5 : DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY.

Descriptive essay is an essay that requires the writer to give clear picture of someone, something or event in words. It requires you to be able to vividly describe event so that those who did not see or experience it will feel really involved in the description. When describing a person, place, animal or thing, use present tense.

Descriptive essay is close to narrative essay because “past tense” may be used.

Outline or features of a descriptive essay.

(i) topic  (ii) introduction  (iii) body of the essay  (iv) conclusion.

In writing descriptive essay, the following steps should be followed for a good write-up:

• Reveal or identify who or what you are describing.
• Explain how or where to find your object of description, i.e. the address or location of the person or object.
• Tell the features of the person or object of description.
• Give the good qualities of the person or object you are describing.
• Tell the bad qualities or disadvantages of the person or object under description. (Note that the bad qualities should be less than the good qualities.

Step 6: Descriptive Essay Sample:

Descriptive Essay Examples

Descriptive essays are a powerful way to communicate an experience you’ve had or illustrate a subject in which you have expertise. Whether you plan to write a personal, subjective account or a more rigorous description of a given subject, these descriptive essay examples will guide you to success.

Descriptive Essay Examples:

                  The Thunderstorm at Onne Port .

My visit to my uncle’s residence near the Onne sea port in Rivers State was an eye opener to me as I witnessed a massive thunderstorm close to the Atlantic ocean. I watched the thunderstorm, far out over the ocean. It began quietly, and with nothing visible except tall dark clouds and a rolling tide. There was just a soft murmur of thunder as I watched the horizon from his balcony. Over the next few minutes, the clouds closed and reflected lightning set the rippling ocean aglow. The thunderheads had covered up the sun, shadowing the vista. It was peaceful for a long time.

I was looking up when the first clear thunderbolt struck. It blazed against the sky and sea; I could see its shape in perfect reverse colors when I blinked. More followed. The thunder rumbled and stuttered as if it could hardly keep up. There were openings in the cloud now, as if the sky were torn, and spots of brilliant blue shone above the shadowed sea.

I looked down then, watching the waves. Every bolt was answered by a moment of spreading light on the surface. The waves were getting rough, rising high and crashing hard enough that I could hear them.

Then came the rain. It came all at once and in sheets, soaking the sand, filling the sea. It was so dense I could only see the lightning as flashes of light. It came down so hard the thunder was drowned. Everything was rhythmic light and shadow, noise and silence, blending into a single experience of all five senses.

In an instant it stopped. The storm broke. The clouds came apart like curtains. The rain still fell, but softly now. It was as if there had never been a storm at all, except for a single signature. A rainbow, almost violently bright, spread above and across the water. I could see the horizon again.

Students’ Evaluation :

The teacher evaluates the students as follows:

• What are parts of speech?
• Mention the two grammatical and eight lexical parts of speech you know.
• State four human organs of speech.
• Define descriptive essay.
• List the features of a descriptive essay.
• Mention one descriptive essay topic.

Click Here to Download Comprehensive and Detailed Lesson notes

for Secondary school from JSS1 to SS3

• Give a detailed diagram of the human organ of speech.
• Write an essay on a fire outbreak in a famous market in your locality. (Not less than 150 words).

Conclusion:

The teacher concludes the lesson by giving the major highlights on the lessons.

Teacher’s Evaluation:

Head teacher’s signature:

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Lesson Plan On Cosmetics Production (JSS1 Home Economics)

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You are most welcome. We don’t have lesson plans on Home Economics but we do have the LESSON NOTES. You can use this link to access Home Economics notes: https://edupodia.com/product-tag/homec/

Very nice one. Thank you so much. But pls can I get a lesson plan for jss 1 home Economics class?

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Lesson note English Studies For JSS 1 Second Term

English Studies Lesson notes for JSS1 Second term – Edudelight.com

SCHEME OF WORK FOR ENGLISH STUDIES JSS 1 SECOND TERM

WEEKS                     TOPICS/CONTENTS

• Speech work:  contrast of pure vowel /u/ and /u:/, /Ɔ/ – Grammar: Adverbials (Frequently and manner) – comprehension – (NOSEC)  Composition – Letter writing – formal letter (features) writing letter of permission to be absent from school to the principal – literature – folk tales:- reading of Natalia by Ted Osondu.
• Grammar:- Tenses: the present tense – comprehension (NOSEC).  Vocabulary development:-  The library.  Literature – Introduction to poetry:  Definition and features reading of Natalia by Ted Osondun
• Grammar:- The simple past tense – comprehension (NOSEC).  Vocabulary development:  Marriage related words – guided composition – literature – poetry types (difference between oral and written poetry.
• Speech work:  Contrast of pure vowel /Ɔ:/ sound grammar – the present continuous tense – comprehension (NOSEC) – Composition: Narrative essay – The most memorable day of my life.  Literature:  Drama features – identification of the features of drama
• Grammar:-  The past continuous tense  comprehension – vocabulary development – child labour and trafficking.  Composition – road transportation is safer than air transportation.  Literature – Use Of Recommended Text
• Speech work:  Introduction to vowel – contrasting /D/ and /Ɔ:/.  Grammar – making sentences with the present tense and past tense.  Comprehension (NOSEC).  Composition exposition essay. Literature in English – myths and legends.  Use of Recommended Text
• Speech work:  Contrasting vowels /e/ and /Ʒ:/ – Grammar: future tense:  making sentences with the future tense, – will, shall – comprehension (NOSEC) – Vocabulary development – prefixes composition – Argumentative essay Literature:  Use of Recommended Text (Drama: Magic, superstition
• Speech work:  Introduction to Diphthongs.  Grammar:  making sentences with past tense.  Comprehension – Guided composition.  Literature-in-english – use of Recommended Text
• General revision class
• Examination

Contrast of pure vowel /u/ /u:/D/

What is a vowel sound?  A vowel sound is a speech sound that is made with the vocal that being opened.

We shall be contrasting three monothongs or pure vowels which are /u/, /u:/ and /D/

/u/                    /u:/                   /D/

Bull                 brute                cost

Book               boom               cot

Cook               two                  fog

Cold                crew                stop

Foot                 blue                 loss

CLASS WORK:

Transcribe the following words e.g.

Bull/bull, brute/bru:t/

(i)         boom               (ii)        stop     (iii)       wood               (iv)       cot       (v)        log

ASSIGNMENT:

• Give 2 examples of words that have this vowel sound in them /u:/
• Give 3 examples of words that have this vowel sound in them /o/.

GRAMMAR:  Adverbials (Frequently and Manner)

Adverbs are words that adds more information to a verb, to an adjective and to another adverb.  We shall be looking at only two types of adverbs in this lesson:-

• Adverb of manner:-  Which is used to show how an action is done e.g. fast, slowly, badly, well e.t.c.

Sentence          –        

   (i)  It all ends sadly

• (ii)  The girls ran quickly
• Adverbs of frequency:-  Is used to show how often or how many times an action takes place.  E.g. daily, yearly, always, often, twice, sometimes

Sentences        (i)  I see him daily

                        (ii)  It often rains in port Harcourt

CLASS WORK: Pick out the adverbs and indicate which are adverbs of manner, time, place and frequency

• He goes to work daily (adverb of frequency)
• I’ve been seeing him everywhere
• We are travelling today
• Lanre did the work willingly
• We sometimes travel by bus

ASSIGNMENT:  Explain the following types of adverbs with adequate examples – Adverb of frequency and manner

COMPREHENSION –(NOSEC) Page 60 – 61

Read the following passage carefully and do the exercise on it:

The dog is a domestic animal whose usefulness is rarely appreciated by man.  It is not an ordinary animals. The dog is very loyal to man no matter the situation, the dogs remains faithful to man.  The popular saying in a marriage ceremony “for better, for worse” is more applicable to the relationship between the dog and man – for the dog is ever ready to stand by man in all circumstances.  It is unlike man who can desert his fraud when the situation is unfavourable.

It is used by men to hunt other animals.  Hunters usually rely on the ability of the dog to track down other animals.  It does not consider the fact that it is same category with other animals.  It then provides the meat which men eats with relish.

It is always used to fight against criminals.  The police train the dog to become a detective.  With this training, it is able to sniff out where robbers are.  Such robber are then arrested by the police.

• What is the use of the dog to men as stated in paragraph 1?
• How is the dog unlike man? Paragraph 1
• How does the hunter use the dog? Paragraph 2
• What does the dog provide for men?  Paragraph 2
• What do the police use the dog for? Paragraph 3

Using your dictionary, check up and write down the meaning of each of the underlined words as they are used in the passage.

• Ferociously

COMPOSITION – FORMAL LETTER

DEFINITION:  A formal letter is an official letter or business letter written to those in places of authority.

A SAMPLE LETTER THAT CONTAINS ALL THE FEATURES OF FORMAL LETTER

Question          –   Write a letter of permission to be absent from school to the principal.

1, Afolabi Street,

10 th February, 2021.

The Principal,

Evergreen Secondary School

LETTER OF PERMISSION TO BE ABSENT FROM SCHOOL FOR TWO WEEKS

I use this medium to ask for permission to be absent from school for two weeks.  It will be from 11 th February till 25 th February, 2021. 

This is because i will be travelling home with my father to pay an urgent visit to my sick grandfather.  He has requested to see me.

Meanwhile, i have informed my class-teacher about this and i will be back in school to continue my academic work.

I really appreciate your fatherly care and understanding.  Thanks for always being there.

                                                                                                               Yours faithfully,

                                                                                                               Writer’s Signature

                                                                                                               Precious Oribaba.

CLASS WORK:  Answer one question only

• Write a letter of employment for the post of a clerk in a reputable organisation
• Write a letter of request to the H. O. D on the need to embark on an excursion to any Zoo (e.g. Ibadan zoo) in Nigeria
• What is a formal letter
• Mention all the features or characteristics of a formal letter.

LITERATURE-IN-ENGLISH:  Folktale

Folktales are stories that are made up long ago to teach people and children how to live good lives and how to live wisely.  These stories are usually about animals (fables), birds, fish or insects that think and talk like human beings.  The stories are often amusing so that we enjoy hearing and reading them.

You must know that folk tale contains a lesson that is usually called a “moral”.  So the moral is clearly stated at the end of the story – we do ask ourselves; what is the moral of the story?  It can teach on obedience, handwork, goodness, truth e.t.c.  virtues that can be emmilated most especially by the young ones.

Read up on an example of folktale from your NOSEC (page 19 – 20) – The tortoise and the leopard

Answer question 1 – 6 ( on page 200 of NOSEC)

TOPIC :  Grammar:  Tenses –The present tense

Tense is a grammatical category of verbs used to express distinctious of time.  We shall look at the present tense.

Present tense is used to show an action that occurs always or an occupation.

For example – 

• I live in New York
• The moon goes round the earth
• He eats rice everyday

EVALUATION:-  change the following tense into the simple present tense:

• John drove a taxi yesterday
• He had not driven a car
• We did not work at night
• She sold a loaf of bread.
• John drives a taxi
• He does not drive a car
• We do not work last night
• She sells of loaves of bread.

ASSIGNMENT:  From your textbook.  Progressive English by J. Aldin (page 71) attempt exercise 3D (question 1-10).

TOPIC: VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT – THE LIBRARY

The library is a building that houses a collection of books and other materials.

It can also mean a room where books are kept. Consider the following words.

• Library card – A card certifying the bearer’s right to use the library
• Catalogue – An emmeration of all the resources of a library (card catalogue)
• Library fine – Fine imposed by a library on books that overdue when returnred.
• Public library – A nonprofit library maintained for public use.
• Bibliotheca – A collection of books

EVALUATION: Use your dictionary to find out the meaning and the transcription of the following words.

• Encyclopedia
• Reference books
• Autobiography

ASSIGNMENT: Use the words (abore) in sentence

Topic: Introduction of poetry (literature)

Definition and Feautures.

Content :Poetry is literature in metrical form short poems are after song expressing feelings, happiness, sorrow, love, anger, hope, e.t.c. short poems can also describe an event or situation, a scene or a person. The writer of a poem is known as a poet. Poems are written in lines. Another feature of poems is that the length of a line is fixed by the number of syllables or the number of strongly stressed syllables in a line. Note that in a poem the stressed syllable give the lines what we call rhythm, like the regular beat in music.

EVALUATION: From your NOSEC (page 161-162)- write out A traditional lullaby, and A chain- rhyme.

• Explain the following terms in your own words.

a. Traditional poem

• Summarise the last chapter of Natachi.

NAME OF SCHOOL: ELIAS INT. SCHOOL.

TERM: 2 ND TERM

SUBJECT: ENGLISH STUDIES

CLASS: J.S.S.1

TOPIC: The Simple past Tense

In our last class on grammer, we were looking at simple present tense, but now our focus will be on  the simple past tense.

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE: is used for an action that took place in the past. For example:

(i)  John drove to Lagos on Monday

 (ii)  Yesterday, I ate rice

 (iii)  I was at work yesterday

To make the simple past tense we use:

(i)  Past form (of verbs only)

(ii)  Auxiliary did + base form

EVALUATION:-  Complete the table below.

            Simple Present Tense (Everyday)                  Simple Past Tense (Yesterday)

• I go                                                                  I went
• I write                                                              ________________________
• I run                                                                 ________________________
• They choose                                                    ________________________
• He digs                                                            ________________________
• He begins                                                        ________________________

ASSIGNMENT:  Explain the difference that exist between the simple present tense and the simple past tense with examples in sentences.

Topic:  Comprehension – Vocabulary Development Marriage Related Words.

Marriage is the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce).  E.g. A long and happy marriage we have the following marriage related words:  Courtship, date (dating), bride, bride, groom, bride price, dowry, fiancée, spinster, bachelor, reception, engagement, wedding, matrimony, wedlock, white wedding.

• White wedding:-  A traditional wedding in which the bride wears a white dress
• Courtship:-  A man’s country of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage)
• Bride price:-  Money or property given (in some societies) by the bride groom to the family of his bride

Read the comprehension passage on page 4 of NOSEC – Use your dictionary to find out the meaning of 5 words that are related to marriage.

ASSIGNMENT:-  Guided composition (NOSEC pg. 16)

TOPIC:  Literature – poetry types – Difference between oral and written poetry.

CONTENT:  Oral poetry is poetry that is composed and transmitted without the aid of writing. It is essentially handed down through the words of the mouth.  Written poetry on the other hand is poetry that is compose (creatively) or figuratively written down.

Examples of oral poetry – Christmas Epic by Lanre Goodness, 59 minutes by Katlholo prime Gospel fest by Harvey Eugene

• Give 5 examples of written poem with the names of the poets (that wrote them)

Compare and contrast:

• Written poetry
• Oral poetry

TOPIC:  Speech Work:  Contrast of pure vowel /Ɔ/

• Vowel /D/:-  Is a short vowel.  To pronounce /D/ the tongue is low in the mouth but it is pushed towards the back.  The lips from a round shape.  E.g. (i)  Elliot lost his little dog.

(ii)  Put the doll in the baby’s cot

• Vowel / Ɔ/:-  to pronounce / Ɔ/ , the tongue position and the round shape of the lips are the same as for /D/, but it is a long vowel.

e.g.      (i)  Boys wear shorts in the boarding-house

            (ii)  The goalkeeper caught the ball in the air.

Note the following words:  Shorts, boarding, caught, ball

EVALUATION:  From the following sentence, identify the word(s) that has these vowel sounds in them /D/ and /Ɔ :/

(i) What do you want?  (2)  He shot at the dog on this spot  (3)  I wander what Mr. Lot wants  (4)  Lanre bought four pots at the port

Construct 5 sentences (each) that have these vowel sounds in them – /D/ and / Ɔ:/

TOPIC:  Grammar:  The present continuous tense

The present continuous tense is used for an action that is going on now.  It is important to note that the action in question is still going on as at the time of reporting in ing. 

Look at this table:

Subject                        Auxiliary verb             Main verb

I                       am                               Speaking         to you

You                 are                               reading                        this

She                  is          not                   staying             in

We                   are       not                   playing

Is                     Lanre                           Watching

I                       am                               eating

EVALUATION:  Choose the correct answers from the brackets.

• Lanre is clearly (winning, wining, wins) the race
• The sick is (lieing, laying, lying) on the bed
• The man is (rideing, ridding, riding) a horse
• The moon is (shinning, shining, shineing) this night

Construct 10 (ten) sentences using the present continuous tense.

TOPIC:  Composition (Narrative Essay)

A narrative is a recount of past experience or shared experience of the past.  In everyday life, we often need to give an account or a report of an event or something that happened in the past, when we do this, we are involved in narration.  Note that you make use of the past tense form of verbs a you are reporting an event that has happened.  You also make use of the simple and the compound sentence.  E.g. i woke` up as early as 4:00am.  I completedmy house work by 5:00am and left for school at 7:00am.  The underlined words – work, completed, text are in the past tense.

EVLUATION:  From your NOSEC – Clip over to page 32 – read the following composition and choose the best words from the boxes to fill up the gaps.

Write an essay on the most memorable day of my life.  (200 words).

TOPIC:  Literature-Drama-Identification of the sentences of Drama.

DEFINITION:  Drama is a literacy genre or work, that is meant to be performed on stage by characters.  Long stories, which we call novely are divided into chapters. Plays are divided into acts and each act is usually divided into scenes.  In every scene, there are two kinds of writings:  (i) state directions, which tells us what the characters (= the people in the play). Do (I)  speeches, which give us the actual words that say. –Before you act the scene in front of an audience, you must rehearse (i.e. practise) several rehearsals to make sure that every actor moves and speak as well as possible.

EVALUATION: (NOSEC page 181 – 183) – This is a scene from the play “kurunmi” by Ma Rotimi which is based on events in 1858 which led to the war between Ibadan and Ijaiye…. (Act it out in class).

ASSIGNMENT:  Explain the following terms:

(i) Enter  (ii) Exit  (iii) Audience  (iv) Part  (v) Act  (vi) Direct  (Vii) Actors/Actres

TOPIC:  Grammar:  The Past Continuous tense

The past continuous tense refers to an action that was given on at a time when another thing happened.  The past continuous tense is formed by using WAS or WERE and a continuous tense.  For example:

• I was eating rice when he entered the room
• While Kate was selling bread, her sister stole her money
• The men were working hard when the supervisor appeared

EVALUATION:  Underline the verbs in the paragraph below:

James Bond was driving through town.  It was raining. The wind was blowing hard. Nobody was walking in the streets.  Suddenly, Bond was the killer in a telephone box…..

Construct 5 sentences that have the past continuous tense

TOPIC:  Vocabulary Development – Child Labour and Trafficking

Child labour – is when one subject a child to in human task.  The following are words that are associated with child labour:

• Slave labour

Trafficking is a (crime).  Dealing illegally e.g. traffic drugs, goods or humans e.t.c

These are words that are associated with trafficking – (1) Abduction  (2) Brutality  (3) Captive  (4) Dehumanize  (5) Exploit  (6) Falsehood  (7) Goon  (8) Injustice  (9) Loathing  (10) Kidnap

EVALUATION:  From your NOSEC (J.S.1) flip over to page 104 and answer questions 1-5 (Comprehension passage)

Give t he meaning of the following words and use them in sentences

ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

TOPIC:  Composition – Road Transportation is safer than Air transportation.

Good after, Mr. Chairman, panel of judges, accurate time-keeper and my co-debaters.  I am here to support the motion which states that road transportation is safer than air transportation.  These are may valid points:

First, you don’t have to take off your shoes and belt to enter a car or bus.  If you ask me to give a lift, i won’t conduct a suspicious body search.  No need to empty your coin purse or take out your laptop computer.  In hsort, you will be treated with utmost respect and dignity.

Secondly, there are no delays or wanting in lounges in my car.  Once you slam the door shut, we’re ready to roll.  Our departure is not dependent on other people’s schedules in the goods of American car journalist David E. Davis Jr….”We drive our cars because they make us free.  With cars we need not wait in airline terminals…..           

In my car, you get to pick what to eat.  Okay, not that i always allow eating inside my car.  But in the rare time i do, there’s a multitude of drive thru choices you can ask me to go.  You don’t  have to settle for bland sweat-and-sour pork topped on undercooked rice.

Finally, turbulence doesn’t exist in my car.  Sure, the car is going to be unsettled every now and then by the ignoramus potholes on EDSA, but you know there’s no danger of the vehicle plummeting down due to a strong head wind or an air pocket.

With all these valid points of mine, i hope i have been able to convince you that road travel is better and safer than air travel.

EVALUATION:  You are the client speaker in a debate (competition) write out your argument for or against the proposition, democracy is better than military rule (200 words).

ASSIGNMENT:  What is the difference between an argument and a debate.

TOPIC:  Grammar:  Making Sentence with the Present Tense and Past Tense

We can make sentence with the present tense and we must understand the fact that the present tense is used to express habits.  For examples:

• She goes to the market every day
• Dr. Audu usually gets to the hospital at 9o’clock
• We play football in Saturday mornings.

On the other hand the past tense is used to take and write about actions, events and states before the present time.  Usually formed by adding –ed to the initiative:  e.g. Look – looked, listen – listened e.t.c.

• My grandfather died last year
• He lived in Canada in 1991
• You called Lanre

EVALUATION:

• Make 3 sentences in the present tense
• Make 3 sentences in the past tense

ASSIGNMENT:  In your own words, explain the following:

• The present tense
• The past tense

TOPIC:  Comprehension – NOSEC Page 8.

Reading for man ideas and supporting ideas

Road traffic accident have been responsible for the loss of many human lives nad the destruction of valuable properties in our country.  A day hardly passes without a report of accidents on our roads.  The major cause of these accidents is the carelessness of man.  If certain measures are taken there is no doubt that road traffic accident will be reduced greatly.  There is therefore the need to know some things about road safety and to keep to the rules and regulations of the road.  This will keep our roads side.  (continues from the text on page 88)

EVALUATION:  Explain the meaning of the words or expression (you may use your dictionary)

• Go behind the wheels
• Subjected to
• Under the influence of alcohol

ASSIGNMENT:  Answer questions 1-6 from page 89 (of NOSEC).

TOPIC:  Essay WRITING:  Expository Essay.

A Expository essay is a type of essay in which one is made to explain a process of doing something.  The purpose of the expository essay  is to explain a topic in a logical and straight forward manner.  It present a fair and balanced analysis of a subject based on facts – with no references to the writer’s opinions or emotions.  Note that a typical expository writing prompt will use the words “explain” or “define” such as in, write an essay explaining the computer has changed the lives of students”.  Notice there is no instruction to form an opinion or argument on whether or not computers have changed students’ lives.  You  have to explain in plain and simple terms.

EVALUATION:  Answer only one

• Write an essay on how to prepare your favourite meal
• Write an essay on how to plant a tree

ASSIGNMENT:  Write a short note on Expository essay.

TOPIC:  Literature-English: Myths and Legends

DEFINITIION:  It is very important to note that myths are stories that are made of long ago to explain something the nature of certain phenomena or why things are the way they are.  For example, people have always asked the question, “How did the world begin?”  people made up stories to answer this questions.

Legend is a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events – (fable) it can be a story of a very famous person.

EVALUATION:  From your NOSEC, flip over to page 98 and read the story therein – where is onyoama now?  Answer questions 1-5 on (page 99)

Read the story on page 72 – why the sun and the moon live in the sky answer questions 1-10 (NOSEC)

Topic:  Speech work:  Contrasting Vowel /e/ and /Ʒ:/

• To pronounce vowel /e/, the front of the tongue is raised a little from the floor of the mouth.  It is also pushed a little to the front.  The tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth.  Read out the following sentences – note the underlined letters.
• He said “let us go home”
• My elder brother is the new treasurer
• Lanre met his friend at the railway station
• To pronounce vowel /Ʒ:/, like vowel /^/, the centre of the tongue is raised but the mouth is not as wide open, and /Ʒ:/ is a long vowel.

Read out the following sentences and note the underlined letters (in those words:

• This shirt on me in new
• In a hospital, you will see doctors and nurses at work
• The early bird catches the worm

EVALUATION:  Make your own sentences with these words: next, debt, spread, bet, guess

ASSIGNMENT:  Transcribe the following words:  (i) nurse  (ii) hurt  (iii) burst (iv) heard  (v) worm

TOPIC:  Grammar: Making sentences with future Tense – will and shall.

The future tense is used for an action which is about to take place.  It is formed by using shall or will and a simple.

Present tense – for example:

• They will work hard next week
• She will sell bread in the evening
• I shall eat rice tomorrow

Aside will and shall  – we also make use of “ be going to” to express a future action e.g.

• You were going to meet Lanre tonight
• Are you going to meet Lanre tonight?

Use the following to construct sentences in the futures tense:

(i)  Will  (ii) Be going to  (iii) Shall

Explain the following tense forms using your own words.

(i) Future tense            (2) past continuous tense

TOPIC:  Vocabulary Development – Prefixes

A prefix is  a letter or groups of letter added in front of another word to change its meaning e..  anti + body = antibody, ex + president = expresidetn

Suffix is a letter or group of letter added at the end of the word.  E.g. Use +less = useless,  punish + ment = punishment

            Prefix              meaning                       examples

• A-                    on                                afloat, ashore
• Ab-                  away, from                  absolve, abnormal
• Mal-                 bad                              malnutrition, mal administration
• Post-                after                             post war, post natal

Suffix              meaning                       examples

• Er-                   these are suffixes        teacher, friendship
• Or-                   that turn words            surveyor, goodness
• Ship-                into a noun                  Materialism e.t.c

EVALUATION:  Generate words with the following prefixes –“bi”, “super”, “tele”, “inter”, “re”, sub”.

Generate more words while giving their meaning (s) with the following suffixes  (a) “-ful”  (b) “-ic”  (c) “-ous”   (d)  “-ise”  (e) “-ed”

TOPIC:  Literature (Drama Text Zunju and Uchenna by pierce Meunier

Zumji and Uchenna is an exciting play which ends in tragedy.  It is the story of tow passionate lovers from the ethnic divide whose marriage plan was disallowed on tribal grounds.  When the undaunted due eventually in the epic battle and are joined in wedlock, the celebration of victory is brutally scuttled by some demented lovers whose thirst for vengeance result in a harvest of death.

Explain the roles of two of your favourite characters in the play – Zumji and Uchenna.

Summarize Act 2 Scene 1 of the drama presentation.

Topic:  Speech work:  Introduction to Diphthongs

A diphthong is a sequence of two vowels.  This means that in order to produce a diphthong, the tongue moves or glides from the position of are simple vowel into the position of another vowel.  We  have eight (8) diphthongs:  /ei/, /Əu/, /iƏ/, /eƏ/, /ƌi/, /ƌv/, /Ɔi/ and /uƏ/.  The following are the various examples of words that have these speech sounds in them.

/ei/       /Əu/     /iƏ/      /eƏ/     /ƌi/       /ƌv/      /Ɔi/      /uƏ/

Stay     told      ears      where  hiding  cows    voice    sure

Away  logo     feared  chair    knife    found  boy      poor

Rain     know   theatre bears    died     bout     spoilt   pure

Late     coat     cheers  wear    buy      around joyce    tour

Today  close    hero     fare      five      mouth  choice  cure

From your NOSEC, flip over to page 82-83 and practice the various sentences using these speed sounds

Use the following words in sentences

(i)  today         (ii) chose         (iii)  hero         (iv)  fare          (v)  five           (vi)       mouth 

(vii)  choice     (viii) cure.

TOPIC:  Making sentences with past tense

The simple past is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now.  We can sentences with past tense for to express completed action in the past e.g.

• She washed  her
• I saw a movie yesterday

Used to express a series of completed actions

• I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim
• He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.

EVALUATION:  Underline the verbs in the following sentences.

• I studied French when I was a child
• They never went to school, they always skipped class
• When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.

ASSIGNMENT:  Explain the past tense form at a verb?

TOPIC:  Comprehension.  (NOSEC – Page 104 – 105)

There is a day that will continue to remain indelible in my memory.  It is the day that i learnt a bitter lesson which i will pass on to my children.  I was then about eleven.  My father and i woke up early so that he could attend the wedding ceremony of one of my aunties taking place in another town.  My mother had had, the previous week, been invited by the Chukwus to assist Kelechi in taking care of Chile, the first grandson of my parents. My father expected that i would be eager to accompany him because i always load to go out.  (finish it up from your text book)

EVALUATION:  Answer questions 1-6 from your NOSEC – Page 105.

ASSIGNMENT:  Give the meaning of each of the following words as used in the passage.

TOPIC:  General Revision Class (GRC) Speech work—- Revision on the contrast of pure vowels /u/, /u:/, /Ɔ/, /Ɔ:/, /Ʒ:/, /e/ – Diphthongs – The 8 diphthongs.

Revision on grammar:  Adverb of frequency and manner. – Tense usage:  The present tense, the past tense, the present continuous tense, the past continuous tense and the future tense.

Revision on  how to answer any given comprehension question – Vocabulary development e.t.c.

General revision class on composition:  Argumentative essay, expository essay, writing formal letter – literature – legends and myths drama and poetry – A Drama Review.  Use Of Recommended Text.

Question on any of the topic that had been treated in the class.

Answer questions from the 2015/2016 Alpha Term Examination in preparation for the Sigma Term Examination.

                                                                    WEEK 10

General Revision Class (GRC)

Lesson note on English Studies JSS 1 First Term

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English Studies Lesson Note for JSS1 (Second Term) 2024

English Studies lesson note for JSS1 Second Term is now available for free. The State and Federal Ministry of Education has recommended unified lesson notes for all secondary schools in Nigeria, in other words, all private secondary schools in Nigeria must operate with the same lesson notes based on the scheme of work for English Studies.

English Studies lesson note for JSS1  Second Term has been provided in detail here on schoolings.org

For prospective school owners, teachers, and assistant teachers, English Studies lesson note is defined as a guideline that defines the contents and structure of English Studies as a subject offered at JSS level. The lesson note for English Studies for JSS stage maps out in clear terms, how the topics and subtopics for a particular subject, group works and practical, discussions and assessment strategies, tests, and homework ought to be structured in order to fit in perfectly, the approved academic activities for the session.

To further emphasize the importance of this document, the curriculum for English Studies spells out the complete guide on all academic subjects in theory and practical. It is used to ensure that the learning purposes, aims, and objectives of the subject meant for that class are successfully achieved.

English Studies Lesson note for JSS1 carries the same aims and objectives but might be portrayed differently based on how it is written or based on how you structure your lesson note. Check how to write lesson notes as this would help make yours unique.

The JSS1 English Studies lesson note provided here is in line with the current scheme of work hence, would go a long way in not just helping the teachers in carefully breaking down the subject, topics, and subtopics but also, devising more practical ways of achieving the aim and objective of the subject.

The sudden increase in the search for JSS1 English Studies lesson note for Second Term is expected because every term, tutors are in need of a robust lesson note that carries all topics in the curriculum as this would go a long way in preparing students for the West African Secondary Examination.

This post is quite a lengthy one as it provides in full detail, the English Studies approved lesson note for all topics and sub-topics in English Studies as a subject offered in JSS1.

Please note that English Studies lesson note for JSS1 provided here for Second Term is approved by the Ministry of Education based on the scheme of work.

I made it free for tutors, parents, guardians, and students who want to read ahead of what is being taught in class.

JSS1  English Studies  Lesson Note ( Second Term ) 2024

JSS1 SECOND TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR ENGLISH STUDIES

WEEK ONE: –   REVISION

WEEK TWO: – VOWEL /U/, ADVERBIALS, LETTER WRITING AND FOLKTALES

WEEK THREE: – VOWEL /U:/, THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, FORMAL LETTER AND POETRY

WEEK FOUR: – VOWEL /Ʌ/, THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE, THE FEDERAL ROAD SAFETY COMMISSION, TYPES OF POETRY AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ORAL AND WRITTEN LITERATURE

WEEK FIVE: – VOWEL /З:/, THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE, NARRATIVE ESSAY AND DRAMA

WEEK SIX: – VOWEL /Ə/, THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE AND ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY: ARRANGING IDEAS IN A LOGICAL WAY

WEEK SEVEN: – VOWEL /Þ/ AND /ᴐ:/, MAKING SENTENCE WITH SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, EXPOSITORY ESSAY AND MYTHS AND LEGENDS

WEEK EIGHT: – VOWELS /E/ AND /Ə/, FUTURE TENSE, ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY: ROAD TRANSPORTATION AND AIR TRANSPORTATION AND THE FEATURES OF MYTHS AND LEGENDS

WEEK NINE: – DIPHTHONGS, MAKING SENTENCES WITH THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE AND GUIDED COMPOSITION: A FESTIVAL IN MY VILLAGE

SPEECH WORK: Vowel /u/

OBJECTIVE OF THE LESSON:

• To describe the sound /u/
• To give examples of words that carry the /u/ sound.

INTRODUCTION :

The English vowel sounds are 20 in number, with 12 being monophthongs, and 8 being diphthongs.

Monophthongs are divided into short vowels, and long vowels and they consist of only a single sound each. However, for diphthongs, each diphthong has two vowels sounds, that are pronounced simultaneously, gliding from one sound to the other sound.

The /u/ sound is a short vowel sound, that is pronounced with the mouth in a round shape. It is often called the close back rounded vowel.

When pronouncing the sound /u/, your mouth is open, the lips are rounded, and the back of your tongue is raised towards the roof of the mouth. It is often called the close back rounded vowel.

Pronounce the following words, with the /u/ sound: p u t, p u ll, f u ll, w oo d, g oo d, etc.

The /u/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• u- p u ll, p u sh, r u le
• oo- b oo k, t oo
• ou- sh ou ld, w ou ld
• o- w o lf, t o

The /u/ sound is a short vowel sound.

ASSESSMENT :

• Give ten examples of words that carry the /u/ sound.
• Use five out of the above examples to make sentences

GRAMMAR: ADVERBIALS (Frequency and Manner)

• To explain the adverb of frequency, and adverb of manner.
• To give examples of adverbs of frequency, and adverbs of manner.
• To use the given examples in sentences

INTRODUCTION:

Adverbs are words used to describe a verb, an adjective, and other adverbs. It is used to tell where, how, and when an action is performed, to give more details about it.

There are various types of Adverbs, which are:

• Adverb of Time
• Adverb of Place

Adverb of Manner

• Adverb of Frequency
• Adverb of Degree

Adverb of Frequency:

An adverb of frequency is used to show how frequent, or the number of times, that an action is carried out. They usually appear before the main verb in a sentence, and they are mostly used to describe verbs.

Examples of Adverbs of Frequency are: Always, Sometimes, Seldom. Every day, Never, Frequently, Rarely, etc.

• He  always walks home after school.
• She  never fights with anyone.
• They  rarely see their cousins.
• I  sometimes go to the zoo, with my parents.
• I  seldom see my grandparents

An adverb of manner is an adverb that shows the way or the manner with which an action is carried out. An adverb of manner shows how a thing is done. It appears after the main verb, or as the last word in a sentence. Some of them end with “ly”

Examples of Adverbs of Manner Include: Beautifully, Neatly, Hurriedly, Quickly, Happily, Well, etc.

• She sings  beautifully
• He arranged the clothes  neatly
• They ran inside the bush  quickly .
• They carried out the project  well .
• I ran  hurriedly to put off the gas cooker.

The adverbs of frequency are used to tell the number of times, or how often an action is carried out. While, adverbs of manner are used to tell the manner, with which an action is carried out.

ASSESSMENT:

• Write out ten examples each, of an adverb of frequency, and an adverb of manner
• Use five examples each, out of the above-given examples, to make sentences.

COMPOSITION: LETTER WRITING

TOPIC: FORMAL LETTER

OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON:

• To explain what letter writing is, and its types.
• To define formal letter, and list examples of people, it can be written to.
• List and explain the features of a formal letter
• Write an example of a formal letter.

Letter writing has to do with writing a message, to communicate a thing to another person. Letter writing is an important type of writing that should be learnt. There are three types of letters, which are: Formal, Semi-formal and Informal Letters

Formal Letters: Formal letters are letters that are written to important people in society. It is official and formal in nature. It is usually written to people such as; The President, Governors, School Principals, Head Teachers, Teachers, Ministers, etc.

A formal letter is different from an informal letter, in terms of the type of people it is written to, and the structure of the letter.

THE FEATURES OF A FORMAL LETTER

A formal letter should contain the features explained below, as they give the structure when writing it.

• The Address of the Writer: A formal letter starts with the address of the writer, which is written at the top right corner. It contains the house number, street, town, and state of the writer. And in a situation, whereby the letter is written to someone in another country, the Country of the writer must be stated in the address.
• Date: The date the letter was written, must appear after the address of the writer. It should be written in a clear format of Day, Month, and Year, or Month, Day and Year.
• The Name or Position of the Receiver: The next thing to write is the name, or position of the receiver of the letter. In a situation where you don’t know the name of the receiver, you write only their position. For example The Principal, The Governor. This is written on the left side, immediately after the date has been written.
• The Address of the Receiver: The address of the receiver of the letter is also written. It is usually their official address that is written, in a formal letter, mostly their workplace address.
• Salutation: This is in the form of “Dear Sir,” or “Dear Ma,”; depending on who you are addressing the letter to. However, if you don’t know the gender of the person, you write “Dear Sir/Ma,”.
• Title: The title of the letter comes next; this is where you write a short description of why you are writing the letter. For example, “Permission to go home before school closes”.
• Introduction: In the introduction of a formal letter, you immediately introduce yourself with your name, and state why you are writing the letter. There is no need for pleasantries and greeting. Keep it formal!
• Body: This is where you explain fully, your reason for writing the letter. It must not be too long. Go straight to the point, and be formal in the words you use.
• Conclusion: Write a conclusion afterwards, to bring your letter to an end. You can ask the person to give you a reply, if such is needed.
• Complimentary Close: A complimentary close is given in form of “Yours faithfully,” and a comma is added as written. This is written at the right bottom corner of the letter.
• Signature: You then input your signature, after the complimentary close.
• Name of the Writer: You end by writing your name; first name, then your last name.

EXAMPLE OF A FORMAL LETTER

Write a letter to your local government chairman, telling him about the bad road in your street, and how it urgently needs to be repaired, in order to avoid accidents.

5, Austin Street,

Lagos State.

5th February 2021.

The Local Government Chairman,

Oshodi-Isolo Local Government,

Oshodi, Lagos.

P.O. Box 4556.

LETTER TO APPEAL FOR THE REPAIR OF THE ROAD AT AUSTIN STREET IN OSHODI

Good day, sir. My name is Cynthia Daniels. I live at No 5, Austin street in Oshodi, which happens to be an area under the local government you head. I am writing this letter to inform you of the urgent need to repair the road in the above-named street, to avoid accidents, and other damages to lives, and properties.

The road leading into the street is bad, and commuters find it very difficult to drive in every day. Also, as a result of the bad road, vehicles are usually involved in one form of accident or the other, as a big pothole at the beginning of the street, disturbs their navigation.

I would really be glad, if this letter is well responded to, and action is taken immediately, to repair the road. Thank you.

Yours faithfully,

Cynthia Daniels.

LITERATURE-IN-ENGLISH: FOLKTALES

OBJECTIVES:

• To explain folktales
• To know the features of African folktales

Folktales are old stories that are passed down from one generation to another, through storytelling.

Folktales (or folk tales) are stories passed down through generations, mainly by telling. Different kinds of folktales include fairy tales (or fairytale)Folktales are stories that grew out of the lives and imaginations of the people or folk. They have always been children’s favourite type of folk literature

Characteristics of Folktales

• Settings: Most folktale settings remove the tale from the real world, taking us to a time and place where animals talk, witches and wizards roam, and magic spells are commonplace. The settings are usually unimportant and described and referred to in vague terms.
• Themes: The themes in folk literature are usually quite simple, but serious and powerful Folktale themes espouse the virtues of compassion, generosity, and humility over the vices of greed, selfishness, and excessive pride.
• Style: The style of language is economical, with a minimal amount of description and a heavy reliance on formulaic patterns, e.g., conventional openings and closings. Some folktales have a powerful visual image.

CONCLUSION:

Folktales can be of different forms: legends, myths, fairy tales, etc. and most importantly, they are used to teach morals

Read a folktale story in your school textbook, and bring out the moral lessons in it.

• What is a folktale?
• List and explain the characteristics of a folklore.
• From the comprehension passage above, answer the following questions-

SPEECH WORK: VOWEL /u:/ SOUND

• To describe the vowel sound /u:/
• To give examples of words that carry the sound /u:/

The vowel sound /u:/ is the long form of the short vowel /u/

The /u:/ sound is the long form of the /u/ sound. It is easily differentiated from the /u/ sound with the use of “:”, and it is also voiced, like other vowel sounds.

When the long /u:/ sound is produced, the mouth is open, the lips rounded, and the back of the tongue is raised towards the roof of the mouth. However, it is higher and pronounced longer than the short /u/ sound.

Pronounce the following examples of words, with the /u:/ sound: sch oo l, gr ou p, t oo l, r ue , etc.

The /u:/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• oo- h oo t, m oo d, l oo t, t oo l
• ou- s ou p, gr ou p,
• u- r u de, fl u
• ue- r ue , d ue , tr ue
• ew- scr ew , br ew , cr ew , d ew

The /u:/ sound is a vowel sound, and the mouth is put in a round shape when pronouncing it.

• Give ten examples of words that carry the /u:/ sound.
• Use five words out of the examples above, to make five sentences.
• In a tabular form, classify the following words, in terms of the sounds that appear in them, whether /u/ or /u:/

Sun, amuse, beauty, plus, flu, hut, jump, ewe, group, hew, rug, up, fluid.

GRAMMAR: THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

• To define simple present tense
• Give examples of verbs in the simple present tense form.

Tenses refer to the time that an action takes place. It is used to show whether an action just took place, is taking place or will take place.

There are three types of tenses, which are: Present Tense, Past Tense and Future Tense.

The Simple Present tense is the tense used to show an action, that takes place habitually, or regularly. It is also used to express a universal truth or a well-known fact.

Examples are:  buy, go, sweep, love, beat, dance, walk, eat, sleep, etc.

The Simple Present Tense takes either the singular or plural form. The singular form of verbs in the simple present tense take “s” or “es”, at the end. And it is only used with the third person singular pronouns: He, She. It. While, other pronouns, such as: I, We, They, You. take the plural form, which has no “s” or “es”,

• She  sleeps early every day.
• Her mother  cooks rice on Sundays.
• He  buys petrol from the filling station behind the house.
• They  dance at parties.

The Simple Present Tense shows an action that takes place regularly, and it could be in either singular or plural form.

• Write out the following words in their simple present tense form, and make sentences with them:

Flew, drank, fried, love, helped, sang, put, rose.

COMPOSITION: WRITE A LETTER TO THE SCHOOL AUTHORITY

                                                                                                                         7, Jubril Street,

29 th  January 2021

The Principal,

Petros Group of Schools,

Oregun Ikeja,

P.O. Box 3489

LETTER TO SEEK PERMISSION TO START A RED CROSS CLUB IN THE SCHOOL

Good day, ma. My name is David Festus, and I am a JSS 1 student of Petros Group of Schools. I am writing this letter, to seek your permission to start a Red cross club in the school, to serve as a means of helping students learn about health, and other important things.

The red cross society is one that caters to the health needs of people in the society. They teach their members how to prevent accidents, help people with health challenges, make use of first aid, etc. If such a club is established in our school, it would help students know how to do important things, as it concerns their health, and help other people in need too.

I would be really glad, if my letter is well responded to, and my suggestion accepted. Thank you, ma.

David Festus.

LITERATURE-IN- ENGLISH: INTRODUCTION TO POETRY

• To define what poetry is
• To state and explain the features of poetry

Literature is the imitation of life. It is like a mirror of the society, that tells of the happenings in our society, and how it affects us as people living in the society.

Literature is divided into three genres, namely:

Poetry is one of the genres of literature that is written in stanzas and verses. It is the use of words, to get certain emotions and feelings, in people. It makes use of elements such as rhyme, rhythm, symbolism, and other literary elements, in order to get a certain reaction from readers.

It simply has to do with writing a poem.

FEATURES OF POETRY

Poetry as a genre of literature has some features that make it unique, as an aspect of literature. Some of these features are as follows:

• Imagery: Imagery has to do with using words to paint pictures in the mind of a reader, and it is a very important aspect of poetry. The poet makes use of words in a way, that the readers can imagine what he wrote about.
• Rhyme: This is another important feature of poetry, that has to do with the use of words with similar sounds, to end each line of a poem, in order to make it sound like music.
• Figurative language: Poetry also makes use of figures of speech, which makes it interesting. It also makes the reader think, or ponder on the message being passed across, by the writer.

Poetry is an aspect of literature, that is used to elicit emotions, and feelings in readers. It is a unique aspect of literature, that is in form of stanzas and verses.

• Write a poem of eight lines on the title: Life is Beautiful

SPEECH WORK: VOWEL / ʌ \ SOUND

• To describe the sound /ʌ\
• To give examples of words, that have the sound /ʌ\

The /ʌ\ sound is one of the short vowel sounds, and it is voiced.

The sound /ʌ\ is a short vowel sound, that is produced with the middle of the tongue raised. It is a central vowel, and it is voiced.

Pronounce the following words with the sound /ʌ: S u n, c o me, r ou gh, d oe s, fl oo d.

The /ʌ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• u- b u t, r u t, d u mp
• o- s o n, d o zen,
• ou- c ou sin, c ou ntry
• oo- fl oo d, bl oo d

The /ʌ\ sound is produced with the mouth, in a neutral position.

• Write out ten words that carry the /ʌ\ sound.
• Use five out of the ten words, to make five sentences each.

GRAMMAR: THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

• Define the Simple past tense
• Give examples of words in the simple past tense form
• Use the above examples in sentences

The Simple past tense is used to show an action that just took place, and is no longer happening at the present moment. It is used to show an already completed action.

Examples are: Slept, bought, fought, ran, cooked, worked, swept, danced, etc.

The Simple present tense remains the same, whether when used with a plural or singular subject. And the time of the action is sometimes indicated with the use of words, such as yesterday, this morning, a fortnight ago, last night, etc.

• I  slept last night.
• She  bought the car last year.
• They  danced at the wedding party.
• She  worked at the Bakery last weekend.
• The tout  fought with the bus driver.

The Simple past tense is used to show a past action, and it is sometimes, shown with the addition of “-ed” to words.

• Write the following words in their simple past tense form

Write, rise, dig, clean, watch, flog, walk, go, come, wash

• Use the above words, after changing them to their simple past tense form, to make sentences

COMPOSITION: THE FEDERAL ROAD SAFETY COMMISSION

The Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) is the government agency, responsible for making the highway safe for road users.

They assess the state of vehicles, to know if they are roadworthy, checking whether they do not emit fumes, and in good working condition. The Federal Road Safety Commission also recommends infrastructures to be put in place, to eliminate accidents, traffic and other road mishaps, to make the highway conducive for motorists, and road users.

The Federal Road Safety Commission is saddled with some responsibilities, and some of them shall be discussed below.

To begin with, they are in charge of educating road users on how to make use of the highways to prevent or minimize road crashes.

Also, they are responsible for the designing and production of vehicle plate numbers.

In addition, they also are to give prompt attention and care to victims of road crashes.

They also help to minimize crashes on the highway, as well as enforce speed limits for drivers, to ensure safety.

The Federal Road Safety Commission is an important government agency, and an important aspect of society, to ensure safety for road users. They should be obeyed; however, they are not to infringe on a person’s rights, in the course of discharging their duties.

LITERATURE-IN-ENGLISH: TYPES OF POETRY

• To list the different types of poetry
• To explain the different types of poetry

Poetry is one of the genres of literature that uses stanzas and verses, in its presentation. It is a unique aspect of literature that elicits emotions in the audience, with the use of emotional words.

There are different types of poetry, and while some are defined by their content, some are defined by the number of lines that they contain. Some of them are listed below:

• Blank Verse
• Pastoral Poem
• Couplet: This is a two-line poem, that gives a complete message, or expresses a complete thought, and have the same meter. It can exist within a longer poem or stand on its own.
• Quatrain: A quatrain is a poem made up of four lines.
• Sonnet: A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem, with a fixed rhyme scheme. It has 3 quatrains and 1 couplet.
• Blank Verse: A blank verse is a poem with a fixed meter, but without a rhyme pattern.
• Pastoral Poem: A pastoral poem is a poem that speaks about life in a rural area. It is centred on the lives of the shepherd, and rural folks. It is usually simple, and it is an old type of poem.
• Limerick: A limerick is a humorous and playful poem, that is made up of 5 lines.
• Lyric: A lyric is a kind of poem that has the quality and form of a song. It consists of verses and choruses. A lyric is written by a lyricist.
• Epic: An epic poem is a long poem, that narrates the story of great men and women. It is narrative in nature.

The different types of poetry, carry different forms and are used to pass across different messages.

• Mention five types of poetry
• Explain the above-mentioned types of poetry
• Write a poem of fourteen lines with the title: Hard work.

LITERATURE-IN-ENGLISH: DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN ORAL AND WRITTEN POETRY

• To explain what oral poetry is
• To explain what written poetry is
• To differentiate between oral literature and written literature.

Poetry is either in a written form or an oral form. The oral form of poetry is the oldest before the written form came into existence. Differentiation would be made between these two forms of poetry.

Oral Poetry: Oral Poetry is a form of poetry that is spoken or sung. It is usually performed live, via recitation, or as a song. It also comes in the form of Spoken word, which is an oral poetic performance, that involves recitation, and wordplay.

Examples include Epic, ballad, panegyric odes, lyric, etc.

Written Poetry: This is the form of poetry that is expressed in a written form. It is the conventional or modern way of presenting poems. Most oral poems have been transcribed into written poetry.

Examples include Sonnet, Blank verse, etc.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORAL POETRY AND WRITTEN POETRY

• Oral poetry is the oldest form of poetry, while written poetry is the modern form and common way of poem presentation
• Oral Poetry is sung with the mouth, while written poetry is in form of a letter of the alphabets, as written in books, on walls, or any other surface.
• Oral poetry is performed, with the poet paying attention to rhyme and sounds, to make the rendition sound like music, on the other hand, Written Poetry is not written to be performed.
• Oral poetry focuses more on the choice of words and rhythm of the poem, while written poetry is more concerned with the structure and arrangement of the poem.

Even though different in some ways, oral poetry and written poetry are similar in that they are both a form of poetry.

• What is the difference between oral poetry and written poetry?
• Which of these two forms of poetry involves the spoken word?

SPEECH WORK: VOWEL /3:/ SOUND

• To describe the sound /3:/
• To give examples of words that carry the /3:/ sound

The /3:/ sound is a long vowel sound, and its short form is the /e/ sound.

The /3:/ sound is a long vowel sound, and when it is pronounced, the middle of the tongue is raised, and air passes through the mouth. It is a voiced sound, like every other vowel sound.

Pronounce the following words with the /3:/ sound: herd, gird, earn, earlier, urn, colonel.

The /3:/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• er- h er d, t er m, t er p
• ear-  ear n,  ear nest
• ir- s ir , b ir d, f ir m
• ur- t ur n, b ur n,
• our- j our ney, c our tesy

The /3:/ sound is a long vowel sound, and it is voiced.

• Write out ten words that carry the /3:/ sound.

GRAMMAR: THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

• To explain the present continuous tense
• To give examples of words in the present continuous tense
• To use the above examples in sentences

Tense is used to show the time of an action. It is divided into Present Tense, Past Tense, and Future Tense.

The Present Continuous Tense is an aspect of tense that shows an action that is currently taking place in the present. It is used to express an action that is still in progress. It is also known as Present Progressive Tense.

It is indicated with the addition of -ing, to the end of words, to show continuity or progression. And it is the same when used for either a singular subject or plural subject. Also, for the present continuous tense, an auxiliary verb is added before the main verb, to reflect present continuity. Examples of these auxiliary verbs are: is, are, am.

The following are examples of words in their present continuous tense form: Singing, dancing, running, writing, washing, swimming, eating.

• I  am eating
• She  is singing in the kitchen.
• He  is writing a poem.
• They  are washing the car.
• The children  are running in the backyard.

The Present Continuous Tense is used for progressive actions, still taking place in the present.

• Write the following words in their Present continuous tense form:

Throw, leave, sit, yell, walk, work, stand, litter, belch, carry

• Use the above words, after changing them to their present continuous tense form, to make sentences.

COMPOSITION: NARRATIVE ESSAY: THE MOST MEMORABLE DAY OF MY LIFE

How can I ever forget this day, I have been looking forward to it for a long time. All my life, I have been living in Lagos state with my parents, and I have never been to our hometown in Ibadan. My classmates spoke about their visits to their home towns, during holidays, but I never had a story to tell in that regard, as I had never been there.

During the last long break from school, my dad returned home from work and announced that we were going to Ibadan, to visit my grandparents for a weekend. My joy knew no bounds! I was happy, and looked forward to the date, as I counted down.

The D-day came, and we left on Saturday morning. My mum already packed our stuff, for the day and what we would be wearing to church the next day, which happened to be a Sunday. She also packed fruits, foodstuff, and lots of goodies for my grandparents, and also for the children in their house. We left home as early as 7 am that morning, being a 2-hour journey, we got to Ibadan about some minutes past 9 am.

Immediately, my dad parked his car, and we got down, some children ran out of the house and came to hug him and my mum. I later got to know that they were my cousins, and were staying with my grandparents. We entered the house and met my grandparents in the living room discussing. Immediately we entered, my dad and I prostrated, while my mum knelt to greet them. My grandmother stood up at once and drew me up, then placed me on her laps, as she beamed in delight on seeing me.

One of my aunts who lived there, came out to greet us and served us food. Then one of my older cousins took me out to explore the town. We visited a lot of fun places in Ibadan, places like Skye, where we ate Amala. We also went to Ventura, to see a movie and other interesting places. Finally, we visited the prestigious University of Ibadan, where my dad’s brother lectured. He was very happy to see me, and he took me, and my cousin to the University’s Zoo for sightseeing.

At this time, it was already getting late, and we had to return home. We got home tired and exhausted, but I was very happy, as I had a good time all day. The next day was a Sunday, and we attended my Grandparent’s church, which was an Anglican Church. After service, we came home. and my grandparents gave me lots of goodies to take home.

We had to return home that afternoon, because of my parents’ jobs, and also because I had to attend a holiday coaching class, which was starting the next day. They hugged us, and waved us goodbye, as my dad drove off to Lagos. It was a short visit, but it would forever remain the most memorable day of my life.

LITERATURE-IN-ENGLISH: DRAMA

• To explain what drama is
• To list and explain the types of drama
• To list and explain the features of drama

Drama is another genre of literature, that is written in acts and scenes.

Drama has to do with a story that depicts the life of a group of people, which is acted out, by some group of people, known as actors and actresses, to an audience for the sake of entertainment.

Drama comes in the form of plays when it is presented on a live stage.

TYPES OF DRAMA

There are different types of drama, and some of them are listed and explained below:

• Tragicomedy
• Comedy: This is a type of drama that is done to make the audience laugh. It is usually amusing and funny, as it explores funny situations that make the audience laugh. Example: The Lion and the Jewel, by Wole Soyinka.
• Tragedy: This is a type of drama that deals with sad events, and has a serious storyline. In tragedy, the main character usually has a weakness, that causes his or her downfall in the drama. It always has a sad ending. Example: The gods are not to blame by Ola Rotimi.
• Tragicomedy: This type of drama combines the features of comedy and tragedy. It has a mixture of both good, and bad events. Example: Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens
• Farce: This is an exaggerated form of drama that involves the use of exaggerated and ridiculous situations, in order to make the audience laugh.
• Melodrama: A melodrama is an exaggerated type of drama that is made to appeal to the emotions of the audience. It is done in such a way as to stir up the senses, and feelings of the audience.

FEATURES OF DRAMA

The following are features of drama, which makes it stand out from other genres of literature

• Costume: A costume has to do with a piece of clothing that a character in a drama wears, to project the kind of role he is playing. For a character in a play to bring a kind of role alive, he has to wear a costume to help him own that role.

For example, an actor playing the role of a medical doctor has to wear a lab coat to show that he is a doctor. In that situation, the lab coat there is a kind of costume.

• Audience: This refers to a group of people who watch a play, to be entertained by it. they are like the spectators in a football game, but in this instance, they are watching a play or drama.
• Plot: A plot has to do with the chronological arrangements of events in a play. It deals with how events unfold one after the other, in order to tell a story.
• Character: A character has to do with the role played by an actor or an actress in a play. It deals with an actor or actress taking on the characteristics of another person, as the role is required in the drama.
• Dialogue: This has to do with a conversation going on between two or more people. A dialogue is a predominant feature in drama, as at one point or the other, there is usually a discussion between people in a drama work. The opposite of dialogue is a monologue, which has to do with one person.

Drama is a genre of literature that is different from other genres, with unique features like character, costumes, etc. It also makes use of Acts and Scenes in its presentation.

• Give five examples of drama written by Nigerian writers
• Mention two features of drama that differentiate it from other genres of literature.

SPEECH WORK: VOWEL SOUND / Ə /

• To describe the vowel sound /Ə/
• To give examples of words with the sound /Ə/

The /Ə. Sound is the weakest vowel sound in the English language, and it occurs only in unstressed syllables.

The sound /Ə/ is a common vowel sound, that occurs in words like  a, an, the . It is used in the weak form of words, and it is called the schwa sound.

During pronunciation, the organs of speech; the mouth, tongue and jaw should be in a relaxed position.  It is pronounced like when saying “uh”.

Pronounce the following words with the /Ə/ sound: data, again, father, sofa, etc.

The /Ə/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• a-  a bandon,  a bout,  a cross
• e- cel e brate, cam e ra, sev e ral, fath e r
• i- dupl i cate, pres i dent, fam i ly
• o- c o mbine, pr o posal, c o logne

The /Ə/ sound gets omitted sometimes, during the pronunciation of words, in which it occurs, because of its weak nature.

• List ten words with the /Ə/ sound
• Make five sentences with five out of the ten words, listed above.

GRAMMAR: THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

• To explain what the past continuous tense is
• To give examples of words in the past continuous tense
• To use the examples given above in sentences

The Past Continuous tense is used to show an action that was taking place in the past, for an extended period of time.

The past continuous tense is used to show an action that was happening in the past for a period of time. It shows continuity in the past. When it appears in a sentence, it has the following auxiliary verbs preceding the main verb: was, were.

The main verbs have -ing, at the end to show continuity, while the auxiliary verbs used, is to show that it is in the past tense.

The following words are in the past continuous tense form: working, typing, teaching, reading, praying, sleeping, etc.

• I  was sleeping in the bedroom
• She  was working at the bank last year
• They  were typing the exam questions yesterday.
• The pastors  were praying last night.

The Past Continuous tense is used with the auxiliary verbs: was and were, and it shows a progressive action, that occurred in the past.

• Write out ten words in the past continuous tense form.
• Use five out of the ten examples given above to make sentences.

COMPOSITION: ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

• To learn what an argumentative essay is
• To learn about the structure and how to arrange ideas sequentially, in an argumentative essay.

The argumentative essay is a type of essay that has to do with supporting a particular point of view and trying to persuade other people to also agree with you.

An argumentative essay is a kind of persuasive essay where one tries to convince the other, to see things from their own point of view, or perspective. It is a kind of essay that is aimed at sharing one’s thoughtss about a thing, in order to convince another person, to agree with them.

It is usually in the form of debates. It has a structure, and it shall be briefly explained below:

• Greetings: An argumentative essay is started with a formal salutation, which is addressed to the chairman, panel of judges, timekeeper and other debaters.
• Introduction: Then, an introduction of oneself follows, followed by the topic of the discussion, and the side supported by the speaker. The speaker then goes further to define important terms in the topic and other important information, to set the tone for the discussion.
• Body: This contains the points used to explain the reason for supporting or opposing a motion. This is the main part of the essay, where you give tangible points to convince your audience to see things from your point of view.
• Conclusion: You then conclude, and may reiterate the points already mentioned in the body of the essay, for the sake of emphasis.

In an argumentative essay, one can either support or oppose a motion, depending on the sides he/she wants to take. Also, one must have strong reasonable points to be able to convince others to agree with their view.

• From the structure given here, write an argumentative essay on the topic “Technology has done more harm than good”. Use strong and logical points to either support or oppose the motion.

Note: There is an example of an argumentative essay in the Week 8 lesson, check it out here

SPEECH WORK: INTRODUCTION TO VOWEL CONTRASTING: / ƥ / AND / Ͻ :/

• To learn about the sounds /ƥ/ and /Ͻ:/
• To give examples of words that occur in
• To contrast the vowels from each other

The sound /ƥ/ is a short vowel sound, and its long-form is the sound /Ͻ:/. They are both round vowel sounds, however, they differ in the length of pronunciation, and in words in which they occur.

The short vowel sound /ƥ/ is a voiced sound. During pronunciation, the mouth is open, the lips are rounded, and the front part of the tongue is lowered, while the back part is raised to the roof of the mouth.

Pronounce the following words with the /ƥ/ sound: h o t, l o st, r o t, w a nder, etc.

The /ƥ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• o- b o t, l o t, d o t
• a- w a nt, w a tch, w a nder
• ua- q ua lity, q ua ntity, q ua lification

The sound /Ͻ:/ is a long vowel sound. During pronunciation, the mouth is open, and the lips are in an oval shape. The back of the tongue is raised higher to the roof of the mouth, than when pronouncing the sound /ƥ/, and the front part of the tongue is lowered.

It is a voiced sound, and during pronunciation, air passes through the mouth.

Pronounce the following words with the /Ͻ:/ sound: sh or t, s or t, fr au d, t a lk, etc.

The /Ͻ:/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• or- l or d, c or d, f or d, sw or d
• oa- br oa d, b oa r, b oa rd
• a- t a ll, b a ll, c a ll
• aw- l aw , s aw , j aw , f aw

CONTRASTING THE VOWEL SOUNDS / ƥ / AND / Ͻ :/

The vowel sound /ƥ/ is shorter than the vowel sound /Ͻ:/ in the length of pronunciation. While /Ͻ:/ sound is pronounced longer, /ƥ/ is shorter.

Also, when pronouncing the sound /ƥ/, the lips are rounded, whereas, when pronouncing /Ͻ:/, the lips take an oval shape.

The /ƥ/ and /Ͻ:/ sounds can also be contrasted in terms of the words that they occur in, as shown in the examples given above.

The difference between sounds /ƥ/ and /Ͻ:/ can be seen as highlighted above. And even though they are often mistaken for each other, especially in the process of pronunciation, with constant practice, they can be easily differentiated.

• Write ten words each, that have the sounds /ƥ/ and /Ͻ:/ occurring in them.
• Use the five words, each to make sentences.
• In a tabular form, classify the following words, in terms of the sounds that appear in them, whether /ƥ/ or /Ͻ:/

Rot, Lord, Bored, Bot, Cord, Caw

CONTRASTING VOWEL SOUNDS /æ/ AND /a:/

• To learn about the sounds /æ/ and /a:/

The sound /æ/ is a short vowel sound, and its long-form is the sound /a:/.

The short vowel sound /æ/ is a voiced sound. During pronunciation, the front part of the tongue is pushed forward but lowered in the mouth, and the lips are spread.

Pronounce the following words with the /æ/ sound:  a pple, h a t, c a t, f a t

The /æ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letter:

• a- p a t, m a p, t a ck, m a
• ac- s ac k, p ac k, l ac k

The sound /a:/ is a long vowel sound. During pronunciation, the mouth is open, the lips is in an oval shape, and the front part of the tongue is lowered. It is a voiced sound, and during pronunciation, air passes through the mouth.

Pronounce the following words with the /a:/ sound: p ar k, m ar k, b a th, etc

The /a:/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• a- b a th, p a ss,
• ar- l ar k, d ar k, b ar k
• ea- h ea rt

CONTRASTING THE VOWEL SOUNDS /æ/ AND /a:/

The vowel sound /æ/ is shorter than the vowel sound /a:/ in the length of pronunciation. While /a:/ sound is pronounced longer, /æ/ is shorter.

Also, when pronouncing the sound /æ/, the lips are spread, whereas, when pronouncing /a:/, the lips take an oval shape.

The /æ/ and /a:/ sounds can also be contrasted in terms of the words that they occur in, as shown in the examples given above.

The difference between sounds /æ/ and /a:/ can be seen as highlighted above. And even though they are often mistaken for each other, especially in the process of pronunciation, with constant practice, they can be easily differentiated.

• Write ten words each, that have the sounds /æ/ and /a:/ occurring in them.

Rattle, Far, Park, Sat, Brag, Bat, Bar

• In a tabular form, classify the following words, in terms of the sounds that appear in them, whether /æ/ or /a:/

GRAMMAR: MAKING SENTENCES WITH THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

• To identify words in the simple present tense form
• To make sentences with these words

The simple present tense is used to show actions that happen regularly, or habitually. It is also used when expressing a well-known fact or truth.

The following words are in the simple present tense. While some are plural, others are singular. The singular form has “s” or “es”, added to the end of the word, and they are only used with the third person singular pronouns: He, She. It. While, other pronouns, such as I, We, They, You. take the plural form.

Plural: Go, Sleep, Rise, Eat, Wash, Clean, Walk

Singular: Goes, Sleeps. Rises, Eats, Washes, Cleans, Walks

• She  walks to school every day.
• I  walk to school every day.
• He  goes to the mall, every weekend.
• They  go to the mall, every weekend.
• The sun  rises at dawn.

The Simple present tense is used to show a habitual action, and sentences have been made with them, as seen above.

• Make sentences with the following words in their simple present tense

Love, run, work, match, rest, follow, greet, sing, see, look

COMPOSITION: EXPOSITORY ESSAY

• To learn what an expository essay is
• To learn the structure of an expository essay
• To give an example of an expository essay on the topic “HIV/AIDS”.

An expository essay is a type of essay, that has to do with the presentation of facts, and truths about a given topic, without including one’s opinion.

An expository essay is a type of essay that requires writing about a topic, by giving facts that can be proven, researching to bring about proven truths about the topic, in order to give a clear presentation of the subject matter.

In writing an expository essay, the opinion of the writer is not allowed, as the essay must be as objective as possible.

An expository essay is written in the following format/structure:

• Introduction

HIV/AIDS fully known as Human Immune deficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is a critical disease that weakens the human immune system. Since its discovery, about 42 million people have died from HIV/AIDS, and about 38 million people are currently living with HIV/AIDS, as of 2019.

HIV/AIDS is transmitted from one person to the other, through blood, sexual intercourse, and from mother to child.

HIV/AIDS can be transmitted through the use of sharp objects, used during the transfusion of the blood of an infected person, or already infected by their blood, during use. This is why it is advised that one does not use sharp objects, previously used by another person.

Also, it can be transmitted through unprotected sex, from an infected person to a healthy person.

And finally, an infected pregnant woman can transmit the virus to her unborn baby, while in the womb.

Some of the symptoms of HIV/AIDS are Weight loss, Regular Infection, persistent cough, fever, rash, mouth and skin problem, chronic diarrhoea, etc.

Currently, there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, but infected people are placed on drugs, to help strengthen their immune system, and help them live longer, even with the virus.

In conclusion, contracting HIV/AIDS is not the end of life, so, one need not be scared if infected. Also, it is better to detect on time, to know one’s status, than to live in ignorance, and just die.

Also, one should try as much as possible to avoid sharing sharp objects, and also unprotected sex.

An expository essay on the topic above gives details about what HIV/AIDS is, how it can be transmitted, how it can be avoided and real statistics about it.

• Write an expository essay on the topic “Covid-19 and its effects”

LITERATURE-IN-ENGLISH: COMPARING MYTHS AND LEGENDS

• To know what myths are
• To know what legends are
• To contrast between myths and legends

Myth is a kind of folktale story that talks about events concerning supernatural beings and creatures. Myths are usually made up, just to pass across a message.

On the other hand, legends are stories that are told about the historical deeds of great men and women in the past.

Literature: Myths and Legends

A myth is a traditional story, which may describe the origins of the world and/or of a people. A myth is an attempt to explain mysteries, supernatural events, and cultural traditions. Sometimes sacred in nature, a myth can involve gods or other creatures. And, a myth represents reality in dramatic ways. Examples of Greek myth: Hercules, Hades, Achilles.

A myth is a traditional, typically ancient story dealing with supernatural beings, ancestors, or heroes that serves as a fundamental type in the worldview of a people. The purpose of myths is to account for the origins of something, explain aspects of the natural world, or delineate the psychology, customs, or ideals of society.

A myth is a story based on tradition or legend, which has a deep symbolic meaning. A myth ‘conveys a truth’ to those who tell it and hear it, rather than necessarily recording a true event. Although some myths can be accounts of actual events, they have become transformed by symbolic meaning or shifted in time or place. Myths are often used to explain universal and local beginnings and involve supernatural beings. The great power of the meaning of these stories, to the culture in which they developed, is a major reason why they survive as long as they do – sometimes for thousands of years.

A legend is a traditional tale handed down from earlier times and believed to have a historical basis. A legend is a story purported to be historical in nature, but without substantiation. Examples are King Arthur,  Robin Hood. Where evidence of the existence of actual historical figures exists, figures like King Richard are legends due in large part to the many stories that have been created about them.

Legend also refers to anything that inspires a body of stories, or anything of lasting importance or fame. The story is handed down from earlier times but will continue to evolve with time.

A legend is a semi-true story, which has been passed on from person to person and has important meaning or symbolism for the culture in which it originates. A legend usually includes an element of truth, or is based on historic facts, but with ‘mythical qualities. Legends usually involve heroic characters or fantastic places and often encompass the spiritual beliefs of the culture in which they originate.

Comparison between Legend and Myth

What is the major difference between a legend and a myth?

Have you ever read a legend or myth? What lessons did you derive from it?

• Speech Work
• Composition
• Literature-in-English

SPEECH SOUND: CONTRASTING VOWEL /e/ AND / Ə /

• To learn about the vowel sound /e/
• To learn about the vowel sound /Ə/
• To contrast vowel /e/ and /Ə/, with examples

The /e/ and the /Ə/ sound are both short vowel sounds, and they have some differences, which shall be explained below.

The /e/ sound is a close-mid front rounded vowel. When it is pronounced, it sounds like when you say “eh”.

During pronunciation, the tip of the tongue is moved to the front part of the mouth, then the front part of the tongue is slightly raised towards the hard palate, and the lips are partially spread.

Pronounce the following words with the /e/ sound: b e d, g e l, w e t, l e d

The /e/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• e- p e t, b e nd, wh e n, sm e ll
• ea- h ea d, d ea d
• a-  a ny, m a ny

The /Ə/ Sound is the weakest vowel sound in English language, and it occurs only in an unstressed syllable. It is used in the weak form of words, and it is called the schwa sound.

During pronunciation, the organs of speech; the mouth, tongue and jaw should be in a relaxed position.  It is pronounced like when saying “uh”.

Pronounce the following words with the /Ə/ sound:  a bandon, pres i dent, fath e r

• a-  a bout,  a cross
• e- cel e brate, cam e ra,
• i- dupl i cate, fam i ly

CONTRAST BETWEEN VOWEL SOUND /e/ AND / Ə /

The sound /e/ and the sound /Ə/ are both short vowel sounds. While the /e/ sound has its long-form as /3:/, the sound /Ə/ is the weakest vowel sound and has no long form.

The /Ə/ sound, which is called the schwa sound is the most common sound in the English language. It is called the mid-central vowel sound, while the /e/ sound is known as the close-mid front rounded vowel.

The /e/ and /Ə/ sounds have some differences, and some of them have been discussed above.

• Categorize the following words, in terms of the sound that appear in them, whether /e/ or /Ə/

Egg, Burn, Shirt, Pet, example, ten, mother, water, leg, nest.

• Mention one difference between the sound /e/ and sound /Ə/

GRAMMAR: SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

• To know what the simple future tense is, and give examples
• To make sentences with verbs in the simple future tense

The Simple Future Tense is used to make statements that are yet to occur but would occur and end in the future.

The Simple Future Tense is used to show events that are going to occur in the future.

The structure of the Simple Future Tense is as follows:

Will/Shall + Verb in its base form

• I  shall see my father on Sunday.
• They  will travel during the holiday
• He  will buy the food tomorrow

Another structure that the Simple Future Tense takes is as follows:

Am/is/are + going to + verb in its base form

• I  am going to travel to Kaduna next weekend.
• They  are going to sleep here tonight.
• She  is going to marry him next month.

The Simple Present Tense can also be expressed in a negative form. The structure is as follows:

Will/Shall + Not + Verb in its base form

• I  will not travel next week.
• She  shall not see him tomorrow.

Am/is/are + Not + going to + Verb in its base form

• I  am not going to see her tomorrow
• They  are not going to buy the house next year.

The Simple Future Tense is used to depict actions that would take place in the future, and the structure it takes is indicated above.

• Make sentences with the following verbs, and put them in the simple future tense form

Go, Dance, Run, Speak, Sing, Work, Fetch, Cut, Treat, Call.

COMPOSITION WRITING: ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

ROAD TRANSPORTATION IS SAFER THAN AIR TRANSPORTATION

Mr Chairman,

The panel of Judges,

Accurate Timekeeper,

Co-debaters,

Ladies and Gentlemen.

My name is Aisha Kareem, I am a JSS1 student of Roseline High School. I am here to oppose the motion that Road Transportation is safer than air transportation. Before I go further, I would love to explain some of the keywords in the given topic:

Road Transportation is the moving of people, goods, animals, etc. from one place to another, by the road, using buses, bicycles, motorcycles, cars, etc.

Air Transportation is the moving of people, goods, and other things from one place to the other, by air, using aeroplanes, helicopters, jets, etc.

Being safe has to do with being free from danger, and harm.

I strongly oppose the motion that road transportation, is safer than air transportation because of the following reasons:

To start with, road transportation is not as safe as air transportation, because, while there may be the case of reckless driving on the road, such cannot occur with aeroplanes. Drivers of vehicles may get reckless while driving, either due to impatience or being drunk, etc. However, this cannot occur in the case of an air flight.

Another reason why air transport is safer than road transportation is that there cannot be a situation of aeroplanes hitting each other to cause an accident like it is with vehicles on the road, whereby vehicles can hit each other leading to a road crash.\

And lastly, road transportation is not as safe as air transportation because most drivers do not check their vehicles before taking them out to drive. However, for air transportation, the aeroplanes are checked regularly, and even before it takes off, to know its working condition.

With these points of mine, I would love to state again that air transportation is safer than road transportation.

LITERATURE IN ENGLISH: MYTHS AND LEGENDS: FEATURES

• To learn about the features of myths and legends

Myth is a kind of folktale story, that talks about events concerning supernatural beings, and creatures. Myths are usually made up, just to pass across a message.

On the other hand, legends are stories that are told about the historical deeds of great men, and women in the past.

Features of Legend

Characters and Setting

• Characters in a legend are limited to a small cast. They may be inanimate objects, gods, or humans with super traits. The gods are superheroes who may appear in human form but maintain immortality and supernatural abilities. Legends typically take place in the past, and the setting is somehow relevant to the culture from which it derives.
• Legends are usually based on real characters and events, even though these have been richly embellished and exaggerated over time. This gives the narrative an exciting quality because all the events seem to be within the realm of possibility even when the plot has become so widely adopted or updated that it is completely fictional.

Plot and Theme

• A legend’s plot will include a lot of action, suspense and conflict. The characters of a legend are often faced with difficult obstacles to overcome and struggle with their fate or destiny. Legends often explain natural phenomena, religious practices and human nature. They usually offer a straightforward moral or a lesson for life.
• The plot of a legend usually focuses on an individual character, a cultural hero or a person respected and remembered (Jason, King Arthur, Robin Hood, William Tell, Roland) but there are also legends about places (Atlantis, Shangri-La), objects (the Holy Grail, the Philosopher’s Stone) and legendary animals (the Yeti, Loch Ness monster, Sasquatch, Chupacabra).
• They also convey meaning about the way we live our lives that make them relevant and interesting across cultures and time. This makes them worth repeating through generations and publishing as new versions or adaptations for twenty-first-century readers
• good and evil
• friend and foe
• the supernatural
• rich and poor/rags to riches/riches to rags
• wise and foolish
• strong and weak
• just and unjust
• a quest or search
• trials and forfeits.

Legends, like myths, reveal information about the way people lived, what they believed, what was important to them, what they valued and what they were afraid of.

Point of View 

• Legends are written from the third person point of view. A legend will reflect upon a society’s culture, values and beliefs and the frail nature, or weakness, of human beings. Readers of the legend will believe that the main character is capable of overcoming any obstacles in his path, and root for him to succeed.

Generations

• Legends are usually passed down through generations. Prior to printing, legends were passed orally to teach the younger generation a certain set of values.

Structure and style

• The structure is usually episodic, as in the phases of a journey over several years or the stages of a great battle. Some legends tell the entire life story of their hero as a series of linked episodes, each one a story in its own right, as in the King Arthur stories and the sagas of German-speaking and Northern European countries.

Common structures include:

• chronological episodes;
• journey stories;
• sequential stories;
• life stories and community histories.

Like myths, legends sometimes use a more literary style than fairy tales or fables. For example:

• rich, evocative vocabulary
• memorable language use
• use of rhythm and repetition techniques
• formulaic openings and endings
• imagery: simile, metaphor and symbolism

Features of Myths

• The usual purpose of a myth is to provide an explanation for the origins of phenomena (thunder, day and night, winter) by telling the story of how they came to be. Most cultures used myths, handed down orally from generation to generation from an anonymous source, to explain the world and its mysteries, so mythology from different regions usually reflects the wonders that people saw around them in their own environment.
• Myths often provide narrative clues that help to build a picture of the beliefs, lifestyles and ideology of the people who first told them.
• Myths are set in the past, usually a distant and non-specific past, and are presented as something that actually happened. There is evidence that the content of some myths is based on real events and places that may have existed.
• Myths explain why the world is the way it is and, for this reason, they reflect the basic principles of the religion or spirituality of the people. For example, Norse and Greek myths narrate what the gods did and how they interacted with humans.

Opposites occur frequently in myths as themes, including:

• good and evil;
• night and day;
• calm and storm;
• wise and foolish;
• old and young;
• beautiful and ugly;
• mean and generous;
• just and unjust.

Like other traditional stories, myths use quests, journeys and trials as themes. The hero or heroine often has to undergo some kind of test (the trials of Hercules) or set off on a long and difficult journey where dangers arise at each stage (the Odyssey).

Plot and structure

The plot of a myth usually includes incredible or miraculous, supernatural and superstitious events, where characters behave in superhuman ways using unusual powers or with the help of superhuman beings.

Characters typical of traditional stories appear in myths (talking animals, rich kings, foolish young men, clever villains) although the ‘trickster’ character is often a mischievous god (Loki, for example). The most notable character types in this sub-class are classic heroes and supernatural beings. The characterisation is an interesting focus for composition when children write their own myths or retell versions because the characters need to be awe-inspiring and larger-than-life.

Rich, evocative vocabulary and use of imagery are typical but style is often more literary than other types of tales so that some versions offer a more challenging read for children. Myths often include a very vivid description of characters and settings (dense, mysterious rainforest or icy, mist-shrouded mountain peaks) and fast-moving narration of action. They tend to make less use of dialogue and repetition than some other types of traditional stories. A simile is used widely to help convey grand settings and describe awe-inspiring characters.

Legends are myths are forms of storytelling, but their function differs, in how they are used in society.

• Mention four features of a myth and a legend

SPEECH WORK: INTRODUCTION TO DIPHTHONGS

By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

• Explain diphthong
• List and describe the 8 diphthongs in the English language, with examples.

The English vowel sounds are divided into three categories: Short vowels, Long vowels and Diphthongs.

The word “Diphthong” is from the Greek word “Diphthongos”, which means “two sounds”. A diphthong is a combination of two vowel sounds, pronounced as one, by gliding from one sound to the other, within the same syllable. Diphthongs are also known as gliding vowels.

There are 8 diphthongs in the English language, and they shall be listed and described below:

• /ai/- This is produced by gliding from vowel sound /æ/ to /i/. It appears in words that have “igh”, “y”, “i”. When it appears in words with “i”, a consonant follows, then “e” comes next, as in the words like: bite, cite.

Examples of words that carry the /ai/ sound are: light, might, my, bite, etc.

The /ai/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• i- k i te, s i te, rise
• igh- s igh t, n igh t, f igh t
• ie- d ie , l ie ,
• y- cr y , dr y , fr y .
• /ei/- This is produced by gliding from vowel sound /e/ to /i/. It appears in words that carry “ey”, “ay”, “ai”, “a”. When it appears in words with “a”, a consonant follows, then “e” comes next, as in words like: plate, lame, etc.

Examples of words that carry the /ei/ sound are: they, blame, play, same.

The /ei/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• ay- lay, may, say
• ai- wait, bait,
• a- made, fate
• /Ͻi/: This is produced by gliding from /Ͻ/ to /i/. It appears in words that carry “oy”, “oi”

Examples of words that carry the /Ͻi/ sound are: oil, boy, coil, soil, etc.

The /Ͻi/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• oi-  oi l, b oi l, f oi l
• oy- t oy , b oy , c oy .
• /ƏƱ/- This is produced by gliding from vowel sound /Ə/ to /Ʊ/. It appears in words that carry “ow”, “oa”, “o”. When it appears in words with “o”, a consonant follows, then “e”comes next, as in words like: poke, pole, mole, etc.

Examples of words that carry the /ƏƱ/ sound are: load, fold, road, etc.

The /ƏƱ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• ow- l ow , r ow ,
• oa- l oa d, g oa l,
• o- mode, code
• /aƱ/: This is produced by gliding from vowel sound /æ/ to /Ʊ/. It appears in words that carry “ou”, “ow”.

Examples of words that carry the /aƱ/ sound are: how, loud, down, etc.

The /aƱ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• ou- p ou nd, f ou nd
• ow- h ow , g ow n
• /eƏ/: This is produced by gliding from vowel sound /e/ to /Ə/. It appears in words that carry “ai”, “ea”, “a”, “e”. When it appears in words that carry “a”and “e”, the letter “r” follows immediately, as in words like: hare, where.

Examples of words that carry the /eƏ/ sound are: wear, where, fare.

The /eƏ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• ea-w ea r, b ea r
• e-wh e re, th e re
• a- h a re, m a re, f a re
• ai- l ai r, f ai r
• /iƏ/: This is produced by gliding from vowel sound /i/to /Ə/. It appears in words that carry “ea”, “e”. When it appears in words that carry “e”, it is followed by either “r”or “l”, in words like: sphere

Examples of words that carry the /iƏ/ sound are: hear, atmosphere, etc

The /iƏ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letters:

• ea- h ea r, r ea r
• e- sph e re, s e rious
• /ƱƏ/: This is produced by gliding from vowel sound /Ʊ/ to /Ə/. It is almost unnoticed in words, and it appears in words that have “u”before “r”, such as pure, sure.

The /ƱƏ/ sound appears in different words, in form of the following letter:

• u- p u re, j u ry, c u

Above is a vivid description of the Diphthongs in the English language, with examples.

• Write out four words each, that carry each of the eight diphthongs described above.
• Use the words listed above to make sentences.

GRAMMAR: MAKING SENTENCES WITH THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

• Define the Simple Past Tense, with examples
• To make sentences with verbs in the Simple Past Tense

The Simple Past Tense is used to show an action that just took place in the past, and is no longer happening in the present.

Simple Past Tense

We use the  simple past tense  for events that  happened  or  started  and  completed  in the past and that have no relation with the present.

We use the simple past tense:

• to describe an  action  that occurred in the past or at a  specified time or the time is easily understood or already implied.

Example: We  finished  our breakfast an hour ago. ( NOT : We have/had finished our breakfast an hour ago.) Example: My brother  played  soccer for Chelsea two weeks ago.

• for an action that  began and  ended  in the past.

Example: The dangerous criminal  was  recaptured after three months on the run.

• to refer to an  action completed regardless of how recent or distant in the past.

Example: Alexander Bell  invented  the telephone in 1876. Example: My brother  joined  the circus as a clown last week

The Simple Past tense is used to show just completed actions, that is not being done in the present.

Use the following words in the simple past tense to make sentences

Ran, Washed, Built, Worked, Rested, Won, Fell, Sold, Made, Matched

COMPOSITION: A FESTIVAL IN MY VILLAGE

The first time I attended my village’s new yam festival was in 2017. It was around August, and we were on a long-term vacation from school, at the time.  Before that year, my grandmother had once told me the story about how our town came to be, and why we celebrated the new yam festival.

That particular year, I was very happy to be in the village, when the festival was to hold, and I made sure to participate actively. The festival was scheduled to hold for two days, from Saturday morning to Sunday evening. On Friday evening, people started arriving from different parts of the country to the village, to attend the festival. It was during that period that I met one of my uncles who lives in Port Harcourt, with his family. I also got to meet some of my cousins too.

On Friday morning, the men in the village began to harvest yams from their farms, while the youths and children carried them home, in big baskets. Immediately, women in every household came together to cook different delicacies like Egusi, Vegetable soup, Oha, Abacha, etc. Yams were also cut and boiled, to prepare for pounding.

I joined the young boys to get firewood and helped with carrying palm wine, tapped by the youths, while the girls assisted the women with the cooking. Early on Saturday morning by 6 am, the women started pounding yam, and finishing up on other meals.

By 10 am, that day, the festival began in full gear, with the young ladies dancing to the sound of the drums, as beaten by the young men. Wrestling matches were done, as well as Masquerades display. Everyone ate to the fullest, and even took some food home, afterwards.

By Sunday evening, we all went to the King’s palace for the final round of the festival, where every household head was given a gift by the King.

It was a great festival, and I look forward to attending it every year.

Hope you got what you visited this page for? The above is the lesson note for English Studies for JSS1 class. However, you can download the free PDF file for record purposes.

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160+ Best Narrative Essay Topics for Students in 2024

Table of contents

• 1.1 Personal Achievements and Experiences Essay Ideas
• 1.2 Narrative Essay Ideas about Community and Home
• 1.3 School-Related Narrative Essay Topics for Students
• 1.4 Good Narrative Essay Topics for College Students
• 1.5 Personal Narrative Essay Topics
• 1.6 Personal Experience Narrative Essay Topics
• 1.7 Narrative Essay Topics About Childhood
• 1.8 Relationship Narrative Essay Topics
• 1.9 Personal Narrative Stories Ideas on Traveling and Holidays
• 1.10 Personal Narrative Ideas on Morality and Religion
• 1.11 Narrative Essay Topics on Politics and Current Events
• 1.12 Interesting Narrative Essay Topics About Health
• 1.13 Narrative Essay Topics on Technology and Video Games
• 1.14 Overview

In academic practice, the narrative essay is probably one of the key elements to train students in expressing their opinions. It teaches well how to tell a story in a clear, concise manner, that’s why it is so welcome in the language and composition classes.

Narrative essays are not only valuable as such: their contribution lies in the ability to elaborate students’ storytelling and narration skills. To touch the reader’s nerves, you should opt for exciting narrative essay ideas. There are plenty of them – but don’t worry, we’ve got you covered! Below you’ll find a comprehensive list of essay ideas.

Narrative Essay Topics for Students

We’ve analyzed trainees’ experience in writing narrative paragraphs and selected narrative essay topics for college and school students. This profound list covers a wide range of subjects, so pick one!

Personal Achievements and Experiences Essay Ideas

• How did I overcome my biggest fear?
• When did I feel truly independent?
• What was the first major decision I made on my own?
• What did I learn from my first job experience?
• How did volunteering change my perspective?
• What challenges did I face while learning a new skill?
• How did I achieve a personal fitness goal?
• What was the most important lesson from a personal failure?
• How did I manage a conflict and what did it teach me?
• What role has mentorship played in my personal development?
• What was my experience with cultural exchange and how did it impact my views?
• What happened when I took a significant risk?
• How do I contribute to my community’s well-being?
• What were the effects of moving to a new city?
• What did I gain from a year off before college?
• How did I evolve from shyness to confidence?
• How did I achieve a goal I never thought possible?
• What did I learn from a financial mistake?
• How did a book or movie profoundly change my outlook?
• What impact has a family tradition had on my personal growth?

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Narrative Essay Ideas about Community and Home

• Describe a local tradition that feels like home to you.
• How did you contribute to a community project for the first time?
• Describe a dispute in your community and how it was resolved.
• What was the biggest change your neighborhood has undergone?
• What is your role in maintaining your home or community environment?
• How has a community leader positively impacted your life?
• What local issue are you passionate about and why?
• Describe your experience of moving from one community to another.
• What family tradition has strengthened your family bonds?
• How did you help a neighbor in need?
• Describe a community celebration that brought everyone closer.
• How has the sense of community in your neighborhood influenced your upbringing?
• Describe the most peaceful place in your community.
• How did your family or neighbors handle a local emergency?
• What lesson did you learn from a community elder that has stayed with you?
• Describe a character from your town who could be the star of their own show.
• What popular misconceptions or jokes might a TV show about your town explore?
• Are there any myths or famous stories associated with landmarks in your area?
• What is one issue in your community that needs more attention from local leaders?
• How do your interactions with diverse cultures enrich your community experience?

School-Related Narrative Essay Topics for Students

High school students normally feel comfortable about describing their study routine. Below you’ll find interesting topics to convey some of the things at school familiar to every pupil.

• Describe an unexpected day off and what you did.
• Who was your favorite teacher and why?
• What was your most memorable sports event participation?
• Describe your toughest debate competition.
• What was your best role in a school theater production?
• What activities did you engage in after school?
• What was the craziest incident on your campus?
• How did you fail an exam?
• Describe how you successfully got through a challenging exam.
• What were the consequences when you got caught cheating?
• What was your most transformative moment in high school?
• Describe a time when you challenged a popular opinion among your peers.
• How did you handle your first significant test of responsibility?
• What event marked your transition from childhood to adolescence?
• What was your most memorable school trip?
• How did a teacher influence your path in a subject you either love or hate?
• What was your proudest moment in an extracurricular activity?
• Describe the first time you felt that you had let someone down.
• How did you cope with peer pressure in a challenging situation?
• What lesson did you learn from your first major failure at school?
• How did you manage your time between school and a personal hobby?
• What was the most unexpected friendship you developed?
• How did a particular book or project change your understanding of the world?
• What was the biggest risk you took and what was the outcome?
• How has technology affected your learning experience?
• Describe a moment when you had to stand up for your beliefs.
• What does your school ritual before exams look like?
• Who in your life has set a remarkable example of courage and integrity?
• How has your understanding of global issues changed due to a school project?
• What was your most challenging moment while working on a group project?

Good Narrative Essay Topics for College Students

Like high schoolers, college and university students are fond of talking about their everyday matters. Whether a topic about students’ affairs or reflection on new relationships, the most popular narrative topics for college students are collected here.

• What did you feel on your first day at higher education?
• Describe your emotions on the last day with your high school friends.
• Which course at college was your favorite and why?
• How did you meet your significant other during your studies?
• Share the details of a significant breakup during your college years.
• What was the highlight of your high school experience?
• Recount how you reconnected with an old friend during college.
• Who was your favorite professor and what made them stand out?
• Tell us about a humorous event you experienced on campus.
• What event during your college years had the most symbolic meaning to you?
• Describe the day you moved to college.
• How did you travel to your college for the first time?
• What were your initial impressions of the college campus?
• How did you meet your college roommate?
• Describe how you made your first friends in college.
• What challenge did you overcome to pursue a college education, and what did you learn from it?
• Describe a moment when you changed your major or career path based on a profound experience or realization.
• How did participating in a student organization or club fundamentally change your perspective or goals?
• What was the most impactful piece of advice you received from a college advisor or mentor, and how did it influence your academic journey?
• Recount an experience where you had to advocate for yourself or others in the college setting, and describe the outcome.

Personal Narrative Essay Topics

Each of us had moments in life the story of which would be interesting to others. Develop your narration mastery and tell the world a story about the very best, most memorable, extremely scary, or awkward situations. Our list is here to assist you.

• Describe the moment you realized what you wanted to do with your life.
• How did a significant event change your perspective on family?
• What was a pivotal moment of self-discovery during your teenage years?
• Who has been your biggest influence outside of your family, and why?
• What experience first taught you about the importance of community?
• Describe a time when you had to stand up for your beliefs.
• What was your most challenging moral dilemma and how did you handle it?
• How has a failure led to success in your personal or academic life?
• What was the most enlightening travel experience you’ve had?
• Discuss a time when you helped someone in need and how it affected you.
• What is your most cherished memory with a grandparent or elder?
• Describe your first major responsibility and what you learned from it.
• How did a particular book or movie fundamentally alter your outlook on life?
• What unexpected friendship has had the greatest impact on your life?
• Discuss a tradition in your family that has deep meaning for you.
• How have your goals evolved over the past five years?
• What was your most profound spiritual or religious experience?
• Describe an encounter that taught you something important about prejudice or discrimination.
• What is the most difficult decision you’ve ever made, and how did you arrive at your choice?
• How did you deal with your first significant heartbreak?

Personal Experience Narrative Essay Topics

Personal experiences are way more exciting for writers. Unfortunately, personal narrative essays are not always just as fascinating for listeners unless they are presented in an entertaining manner. We’re sure that the ideas for personal narratives below will help you pick your topic to maximize readers’ engagement.

• Describe a moment that made you exceptionally proud. Why did it have such a significant impact?
• Recall your first visit to an opera house. What did you experience, and how did it change your perception of the arts?
• Share the story of the strangest accident you ever witnessed. What made it so unusual?
• What was your first encounter with Asian cuisine like? Describe the flavors and your reaction.
• Detail the most memorable birthday gift you’ve ever received. Why does it stand out in your mind?
• Imagine you are a character in your favorite book. Who would you be and what adventures would you have?
• Revisit a memory you wish you could experience again. What makes this memory so precious?
• If you were a superhero from a movie, which one would you choose and why?
• Tell the story of how you lost something that wasn’t yours. What ensued?
• Describe your first trip to the sea. What did you feel and discover about the ocean and yourself?
• Explore what makes you unique. What are some traits or experiences that set you apart?
• Narrate your first journey into the wilderness. What challenges did you face and what did you learn?
• Reflect on your first job interview. How did you prepare, and what was the outcome?
• Discuss the most significant loss you’ve experienced. How did it affect your life thereafter?
• Describe the most memorable Christmas you have had. What happened that year to make it unforgettable?

Narrative Essay Topics About Childhood

Childhood is probably the sweetest period of our lives and the one with the most number of insights. The most powerful experiences come from it, and most of our reflections are related to a child’s perception in this or that way. Check out our list of captivating topics about childhood and pick one.

• Describe your earliest memory. What makes it stand out?
• What was your favorite game to play as a child, and why was it special to you?
• Recall a time when you learned a lesson the hard way. What happened?
• Share a story about a childhood friendship that influenced who you are today.
• What was your most treasured childhood possession and what became of it?
• Describe a family vacation from your childhood that left a lasting impression.
• Who was your hero as a child and how did they influence your values?
• What childhood book had the biggest impact on your imagination or dreams?
• Tell the story of a day you felt you grew up a little bit.
• What was your favorite hiding spot as a child, and what did you hide from?
• Describe a moment when you got lost as a child. What did you discover during that experience?
• Share a story about a childhood event that you looked forward to all year.
• What was a typical birthday like for you as a child?
• Describe a childhood hobby or activity and why it was meaningful to you.
• Recall a significant event at school that shaped your childhood.
• Tell about a time you faced a fear as a child. How did you overcome it?
• What was your favorite family tradition as a child, and how has it evolved?
• Describe a moment when you felt misunderstood as a child.
• What was your proudest accomplishment as a child and why was it significant?
• Share a story about a time when a seemingly mundane event turned out to be memorable.
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Relationship Narrative Essay Topics

Writing about this huge layer of experience – relationships – is surely thrilling. We’ve picked just some of the great variety of narrative topics about relationships for you. Even if you don’t find here exactly what you want to talk about, you’ll definitely hit upon an appropriate idea.

• Describe the details of your first romantic date. What made it memorable?
• How did meeting your best friend transform your life? Share specific changes.
• Discuss the saddest moment you’ve experienced in a relationship. How did it affect you?
• Describe a pivotal moment in a significant relationship. What changed after that?
• Identify a relationship from a book or movie that you see as a role model. Why does it inspire you?
• Share the story of your first romantic relationship. What lessons did you learn?
• What do your parents mean to you? Describe their influence on your life.
• What is the best piece of relationship advice you have ever received? Who gave it and why was it impactful?
• Why is your significant other so crucial in your life? Explore the depth of your bond.
• Narrate a situation that helped you mend a damaged relationship. What steps did you take?
• What are your most cherished memories with friends? Detail one or two specific events.
• Describe the experience of making your first confession. What prompted it and how did it feel?
• Share how you supported someone battling depression. What did you learn from the experience?
• Discuss a film or book that profoundly affected your views on relationships. What resonated with you?
• Have you ever fallen in love at first sight? Describe the experience and the aftermath.
• What are the most significant relationships in your life outside of family? Explain their value.
• What advice would you give someone who is about to start their first relationship?
• How do you navigate the complexities of modern dating? Share your insights and personal rules.
• Discuss the end of a close friendship. How did you handle the situation, and what did you learn?
• Describe your best friend from summer camp. What made your friendship special?
• How did you reconnect with a friend after a significant quarrel? What steps did you take?
• Share a story of how you covered for a friend in a difficult situation.
• What was it like meeting your online friend in person for the first time? Describe the experience.
• How did you help a friend reconnect with a loved one? What role did you play?
• Narrate the coolest adventure you’ve had with your best friend. What made it unforgettable?
• What was your first visit to your friend’s house like? Describe your impressions and feelings.
• Describe the worst quarrel you had with a friend. How did it affect your relationship?
• Who is your best older friend, and what have you learned from them?
• How did an enemy become a friend? Describe the transformation in your relationship.
• What was the toughest situation you and your friend faced together? How did you overcome it?
• Describe your relationship with your friend’s sibling. What role do they play in your friendship?
• Narrate a situation where you had to choose between two friends. What was the outcome?
• How did you meet a friend on the Internet? Describe the journey from online to offline friendship.

Personal Narrative Stories Ideas on Traveling and Holidays

This segment of subjects covers individual experiences. Respectively, it has to do with reflections, opinions, and feelings. Our list of personal narrative ideas related to trips and celebrations is here for your convenience.

• What was your best entertainment during the winter holidays?
• Describe your first experience traveling abroad. What did you learn?
• How did it feel visiting a warm country for the first time in winter?
• Share the story of a time you missed your flight, train, or bus. What happened next?
• What was the happiest moment you experienced during the holidays?
• How did you make a new friend during a holiday trip? What bonded you?
• Describe your first time traveling alone. What were the highlights and challenges?
• What made your most memorable holiday ever so special?
• What was the saddest incident you experienced on a holiday? How did you cope?
• Describe your best visit to a foreign city during a holiday. What did you explore?
• What was your best travel experience to a big city? What impressed you the most?
• Recount the worst quarrel you had while on holiday. What was the resolution?
• What were the best encounters you had during a holiday? Who did you meet?
• Describe your best trip to the countryside. What made it unforgettable?
• How did you feel returning home after a long vacation? What was the transition like?
• How do you make the most of long holiday weekends?
• What is your typical Sunday routine during the holidays?
• What are your favorite fall activities during holiday breaks?
• What traditions do you follow for Halloween? Do you wear a costume?
• How do you celebrate Thanksgiving with your family?
• What are your tips for enjoying the holiday season to the fullest?
• How do you plan to spend your next holiday break?
• Do you make New Year’s resolutions? What are your goals for the new year?
• How do you combat the winter blues during the colder months?
• What has been your most severe weather experience while traveling?

Personal Narrative Ideas on Morality and Religion

Strong argumentation is one of the indications of a successful academic paper and a prerequisite for a higher grade. You should pick a topic you are confident in to provide your effective arguments as your objective is to persuade your readers. Opt for a narrative essay topic that speaks to you.

• Describe the toughest decision you had to make between right and wrong.
• What choice do you regret the most?
• How did you help a friend even when it meant breaking the rules?
• Describe a situation where you were involved in a conflict between other people.
• Share the experience of getting caught lying.
• How did you feel when you let down a friend by following the rules?
• Describe a time when you shifted the blame to someone else.
• What was the toughest yet most important experience you have had?
• How did helping someone for personal benefit make you feel?
• Describe a prank you played on a friend.
• How did you react when you saw someone being bullied?
• Share a story about a time your friend took the blame for you.
• Do you believe justice truly exists?
• Describe a time when you ignored someone’s wrong behavior.
• How do you generally help others?
• What ethical dilemmas have you faced?
• Would you help an injured stranger?
• When was the last time you did something nice for a stranger?
• Have you ever ‘paid it forward’?
• How often do you gossip?
• How comfortable are you with lying?
• Have you ever taken something that wasn’t yours?
• What could you live without that others might find essential?
• Do you ever feel guilty about what or how much you throw away?
• Do you ever eavesdrop?
• How important is your spiritual life?
• Do you believe that everything happens for a reason?
• Can you be good without believing in God?
• Are you less religious than your parents?
• What can you learn from other religions?

Narrative Essay Topics on Politics and Current Events

• Describe a time when you participated in a political protest and what motivated you to join.
• What local political issue are you most passionate about and why?
• Explain how a recent event changed your perspective on government policies.
• Share an experience where you volunteered for a political campaign and what you learned.
• Describe a time when you had a political debate with someone and the outcome of that debate.
• How did a current event influence your view on international relations?
• What political figure do you admire the most and why?
• Describe an experience where you felt the impact of a political decision on your community.
• What recent news story made you rethink your stance on a social issue?
• Explain how a political event affected your school or university.
• Share a story about a time you felt proud of your country’s actions on the world stage.
• How did a significant political change in your country affect your family?
• Describe your first experience voting in an election and what it meant to you.
• What event prompted you to follow politics more closely?
• Explain how a political scandal influenced your trust in government officials.
• Describe an experience where you advocated for a cause you believe in and the result.
• How did a major political event shape the discussions in your household?
• Share a story about a time you met a political leader and what the interaction was like.
• Explain how a piece of legislation impacted your life or the life of someone you know.
• Describe an experience where you participated in a school or community event about current affairs and what you took away from it.

Interesting Narrative Essay Topics About Health

• Describe a time when you had to make a difficult health-related decision and what influenced your choice.
• Share an experience where you made a significant lifestyle change for your health.
• What was the most challenging health obstacle you faced and how did you overcome it?
• How did a health scare in your family impact your perspective on wellness?
• Describe a time when you helped someone improve their health.
• Explain how a specific diet or exercise program affected your well-being.
• What was your first experience with a mental health issue and how did you handle it?
• Share a story about how you maintained your health during a stressful period.
• Describe a time when you struggled with maintaining a healthy balance between work and life.
• How did a health-related event change your relationship with a loved one?
• What was your experience with a significant illness or injury and what did you learn from it?
• Explain how participating in a health-related event or challenge impacted you.
• Describe a time when you had to support a friend or family member through a health crisis.
• What was the most memorable health advice you received and how did it influence you?
• Share an experience where you discovered the importance of mental health.
• Describe a time when you had to advocate for your health needs in a medical setting.
• How did a specific health goal motivate you to change your daily habits?
• What was your first encounter with alternative medicine and what was the outcome?
• Explain how a health awareness campaign influenced your actions or beliefs.
• Describe a time when you witnessed the positive effects of a healthy lifestyle on someone close to you.

Narrative Essay Topics on Technology and Video Games

• Describe a time when a new piece of technology significantly impacted your life.
• How did you first get into video games and what was your initial experience like?
• Describe a situation where you relied on technology to overcome a challenge.
• What was your most memorable moment in online gaming and why?
• Explain how a specific video game helped you develop a new skill.
• Describe a time when you experienced the negative effects of technology addiction.
• How did you balance technology use with other activities in your daily life?
• Share a story about a friendship you made through online gaming.
• How did a particular video game affect your relationship with friends or family?
• Describe an experience where you used technology to create something meaningful.
• What was your first experience with virtual reality and how did it feel?
• Share a story about a time you participated in a gaming tournament.
• How did a tech-related project at school or work change your approach to tasks?
• Describe a time when a malfunctioning piece of technology caused a significant problem.
• Explain how you used a video game to escape from a stressful situation.
• What was your experience with learning to code and how did it impact you?
• Describe a time when you taught someone else to use a new technology.
• Share a story about a video game that brought your family together.

When writing a narrative essay, it is important to choose an interesting topic that can engage your readers. Finding the right topic can be a challenge, but there is no need to worry as there are many resources available, such as online essay writers , that can help you choose the best topic for your narrative essay.

Whether a personal experience essay, a story about your best childhood birthday, a narration about your most meaningful travel, or the way you reacted to essential world events, are all worth writing. Bear in mind that each of them requires research, adhering to a structure, and planning. Focus on what’s inspiring for you and may be of interest to your readers, and you’ll get a list of the narrative ideas working best for you.

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50 Narrative Essay Topics

They say a picture is worth a thousand words, but a narrative essay can also tell an exciting story and create vivid pictures in the reader’s mind! We’ve got 50 narrative essay topics designed to prompt students to craft memorable written narratives. These can be modified for students in elementary, middle and high school. Feel free to print the entire narrative essay topics list for plenty of inspiration for your next narrative essay assignment!

Narrative Essay Topics

• Your first day of school.
• Your most exciting day of school
• A field trip that your class took.
• Your favorite summer vacation.
• A trip that included something unexpected or surprising.
• A time that you experienced something spooky.
• A time that you experienced something truly frightening.
• A time that you learned something new that changed you in some way.
• The moment when you met someone who changed your life.
• The day that you got your first pet.
• A move from one place to another.
• Something funny that happened to you.
• Something funny that happened to one of your family members or friends.
• Something embarrassing that happened to you.
• Your favorite birthday party.
• A birthday that was disappointing.
• A big storm (rain, snow or even a tornado!).
• A time that the power went out.
• A summer day when the temperature got much higher than expected.
• A time when you went to an amusement park.
• A time when you got lost somewhere.
• A memorable experience with a favorite family member.
• A sad experience with someone about whom you care.
• Your most exciting moment playing sports.
• Your most exciting moment performing in a play, singing, playing music or dancing.
• An experience that left you feeling frustrated.
• An experience that was hard but ended up being worth it.
• A time that you experienced rejection.
• A weird encounter with a stranger.
• A random act of kindness.
• A time that you took a stand for someone or for an issue that you care about.
• A moment when you thought you might get hurt but didn’t.
• Breaking a bone (or otherwise suffering an injury).
• Your first time away from home for the night (or longer).
• A time when you experienced a historic event.
• Where you were when a major event happened. (Note: You don’t need to have been at the site of the event; this prompt is about where you were when you found out about the event and how you reacted.)
• A time when you rebelled against your parents or teacher.
• A dangerous experience.
• A misunderstanding between yourself and someone else.
• A difficult decision that you had to make.
• The end of a friendship or relationship.
• The beginning of a friendship or relationship.
• A time when you judged someone first and then realized that you were wrong about the person.
• A time when someone judged you first and then realized that he or she was wrong about you.
• A moment when you felt that you were starting to grow up.
• A time when you saw one or both of your parents in a different light.
• A time when you looked up to your older sibling.
• A time when your younger sibling looked up to you.
• A time when you were grateful to be an only child.
• An experience that you think has only ever happened to you!

Looking for more essay topics? Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Descriptive Essay Topics Cause and Effect Essay Topics Persuasive Essay and Speech Topics

1ST TERM JSS1 ENGLISH LANGUAGE Scheme of Work and Note

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English Language JSS1  

  FIRST TERM SCHEME OF WORK

Weeks Topics

1. Speech work : Introduction to speech (organs of speech)

Grammar : Parts of speech – Nouns

* Meaning, Identification of Nouns in Sentence

• 1ST TERM JSS1 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE Scheme of Work and Note
• 1ST TERM JSS1 BASIC SCIENCE Scheme of Work and Note

* Types of Nouns with Examples

Comprehension : The Family~ Unit 1

Composition : Meaning, Types of Composition (Narrative, Descriptive, Argumentative, Expository)

Literature : What is Literature? The Features of Literature.

Types of Literature: Oral, Historical, Dance, Miming, Drama…see related text.

2. Speech work : Pure Vowel sounds (Monothongs) with examples

Comprehension: Unit 2, page 31

Vocabulary development: Your School Subjects

Grammar/Structure : Pronouns: Meaning, Identification, Types.

3. Comprehension : A Conversation, Page 43

Grammar/Structure : Verbs: Definition, Identification with examples.

Types of verbs: Transitive, Intransitive, Auxiliary and Lexical, Regular and Irregular (should be given as assignment)

Composition : Outlining the difference between descriptive and narrative essays

Literature : Introduction to prose and its elements, (plot, style, characterization)

Types of Oral Literature

4. Comprehension : Unit 6, page 79. Two good Friends

Grammar: Adjectives: Definition, Identification, Types of Adjectives

Composition : Narrative Essay– “My First day in Secondary School”

Speech Work : Vowels /I/

Literature : What is Oral Literature, Features of Oral Literature and Types.

5. Comprehension : Unit 7(a) page 91 Oduduwa

Grammar : Comparison of Adjectives,

Absolute Adjectives: Excellent, Superior, Total

Speech work: Vowel /e /

Composition : Paragraph Writing:

Arrangement of Ideas in Logical sequence with Introduction and Conclusion.

Literature : Introduction to Drama, Elements and Types

6. Speech work /ae /

  Grammar : Adverbs : Identification, definition,

Types and examples.

Composition – Descriptive Essay: A Market Place

Comprehension : Unit 7

  Literature – Use Recommended Text. (Prose)

7. Speech Work : / a:/

Comprehension : Unit 8, page 103. Every Man and Death

Composition : Introduction to Letter Writing and Types

. Literature – Introduction to for folktale

8. Comprehension : Unit 9

Composition : Features of an Informal Letter with sample model

Literature : Introduction to Figures of Speech (Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Alliteration, Assonance)

9. Speech Work : / /

Grammar : Introduction to Adverbs (Features and Functions)

Comprehension : Unit 9b page 117

Composition : Informal Letter: Letter to your cousin, telling him about your new school

Literature : Review of recommended text/ Figures of speech

10. Revision

11. Test/ Examination

12. Examination

The organs of speech are parts of the human body which are used for speech production.

The lung serves as the power house from which air flows. When we speak, we breathe normally and as the stream of air flows out from the lungs through the narrow space of the wind-pipe some sounds are produce d.

We produce different speech sounds with the help of the vocal cords, the velum, hard palate, alveolar ridge, teeth, lips and the tongue as the airstream flows from the lungs.

As the airstream flows from the lungs during the production of speech sounds, a special organ called the larynx modifies the sounds. When the vocal cords are placed edge to edge, the glottis becomes narrow and when the airstream flow, the vocal cords vibrate. Then voiced sounds are produce d when the vocal cords are drawn apart airstream flows easily. So, the vocal cords do not vibrate and voiceless sounds are produce d.

All the vowels of English are voiced. A consonant sound may be ‘voiced’ or ‘voicedless’

1. List all the organs of speech.

2. What happens when the vocal cords are placed edge to edge during the production of a sound?

3. What happens when the vocal cords are drawn apart?

Reading Assignment

Organs of speech

Reference : Oral English for Schools and Colleges. Pages 1, 2, &3

Topic: Parts of speech: Noun (functions)

What is a Noun?

Of all the parts of speech, nouns are perhaps the most important. A noun is a word that identifies a person, animal, place, thing, or idea. Here, we’ll take a closer look at what makes a noun a noun, and we’ll provide some noun examples, along with some advice for using nouns in your sentences.

Identifying a Noun

A noun is a part of speech that denotes a person, animal, place, thing, or idea. The English word noun has its roots in the Latin word nomen, which means “name.” Every language has words that are nouns. As you read the following explanations, think about some words that might fit into each category.

*.Person– A term for a person, whether proper name, gender, title, or class, is a noun.

*.Animal– A term for an animal, whether proper name, species, gender, or class is a noun.

*.Place– A term for a place, whether proper name, physical location, or general locale is a noun.

*.Thing– A term for a thing, whether it exists now, will exist, or existed in the past is a noun.

*.Idea– A term for an idea, be it a real, workable idea or a fantasy that might never come to fruition is a noun.

Identifying a noun in a sentence

When we first start to learn the parts of speech, trying to identify different words can seem like a challenge. This process gets easier with practice. Here are some noun examples to help you get started. The nouns in each sentence have been italicized.

* Person –He is the person to see.

* Person – John started to run.

* Person – Plato was an influential Greek philosopher .

* Animal – The dog barked at the cat .

* Animal – Elephants never forget.

* Animal – Sophie is my favorite horse.

* Place – The restaurant is opened.

* Place – Let’s go to the beach .

* Place – Harvard and Yale are two famous universities .

* Thing – Throw the ball .

* Thing – Please close the door and lock it.

*.Idea – Follow the rules .

*.Idea – The theory of relativity is an important concept .

TYPES OF NOUNS

Common noun

A common noun is a noun that refers to people or things in general, e.g. boy, country, bridge, city, birth, day, happiness.

Proper noun

A proper noun is a name that identifies a particular person, place, or thing, e.g. Steven, Africa, London, and Monday. In written English, proper nouns begin with capital letters.

Concrete noun

A concrete noun is a noun which refers to people and to things that exist physically and can be seen, touched, smelled, heard, or tasted. Examples include dog, building, coffee, tree, rain, beach, tune.

Abstract noun

An abstract noun is a noun which refers to ideas, qualities, and conditions- things that cannot be seen or touched and things which have no physical reality, e.g. truth, danger, happiness, time, friendship, humour.

Collective nouns

Collective nouns refer to groups of people or things, e.g. audience, family, government, team, jury. In American English, most collective nouns are treated as singular, with a singular verb: The whole family was at the table. In British English, the preceding sentence would be correct, but it would also be correct to treat the collective noun as a plural, with a plural verb: The whole family were at the table. A noun may belong to more than one category. For example, happiness is both a common noun and an abstract noun, while Mount Everest is both a concrete noun and a proper noun.

Identify the nouns in the following sentences

* Person – Sharon admires her grandfather.

* Place – Look! There’s the Eiffel Tower.

* Thing – The lamp sits on a table next to the sofa.

* Thing –Money doesn’t grow on trees.

* Person – My mother looks a lot like my grandmother, and I look very much like them.

*Idea –Love is a wonderful emotion.

Reading assignment

English Grammar for Junior Secondary Schools. Pages 8 – 10

Topic : Comprehension/vocabulary development.

Content : Unit 1: The Family

Titi tells us about herself and her friend Anochie. Titi and her friend live in Ughelli and attend the same Grammar School at Erhiero. They are both in form 1. Titi’s father is a mechanic and her mother works at home.

Anochie’s father is a teacher and his mother is a nurse.

1. Father – a male parent of a child.

2. Mother – a female parent of a child

3. daughter – a person’s female child

4. son – a person’s male child

5. Brother – a boy or man who has the same mother and father as another

6. sister – a girl or woman who has the same mother and father as another person.

Composition writing

Composition writing is a process to take. One of the first things to consider is to determine what type of composition to be used. When you are going to write, you usually have a central purpose or central idea in communicating your readers. You also aim to produce some effects to the readers. These purpose or ends is the one that determines the type of discourse that you are going to use in writing a composition.

Types of composition writing

Distinguishing between types of essays is simply a matter of determining the writer’s goal. Does the writer want to tell about a personal experience, describe something, explain an issue, or convince the reader to accept a certain viewpoint? The four major types of essays address these purposes.

Narrative Essay

A narrative essay relates mainly, a sequence of events. It tells what happened and how it happened and is often indistinguishable from a short story.

Characteristics of Narrative Essay.

1. It must have beginning that is interesting and arresting.

2. It must proceed in a chronological sequence to the end.

3. The use of past tense is highly essential since the narrative involves past events.

4. The narration must be presented in a sequential order.

5. You must avoid verbosity and an unnecessary elaboration of a particular incident

The Descriptive Essay

This consists of description.

A descriptive essay is one that requires a writer to write a description of an object, a person, an animal, an incident or a scene. In a descriptive essay, the writer should show, not tell, through the use of colorful words and sensory details. The best descriptive essays appeal to the reader’s emotions, with a result that is highly evocative.

Characteristics of a Good Descriptive Essay

* The writer must be orderly in the presentation of facts.

* Clarity of expression is necessary. The use of simple and straight-forward language is required.

* The use of simple present tense is very common but the writer is free to use other tenses as the need arises.

* The use of adjective is highly indispensable.

Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay is the one that requires a writer to present a subject with a view of persuading the reader to agree with the writer’s point of view.

Characteristics of a Good Argumentative Essay.

* The argument must be convincingly presented.

* There must be clarity of expression and the ideas presented must not be disjointed.

* ‘Pro’ arguments should be kept separate from ‘con’ arguments.

* The strongest argument, both on the ‘pro’ side and on the ‘con’ side, should be left to the last.

* Verbosity should be avoided.

Expository Essay

An expository essay is the one that requires a writer to write on an exposition or explanation of an idea or how to do or make something. The expository essay is an informative piece of writing that presents a balanced analysis of a topic. In an expository essay, the writer explains or defines a topic, using facts, statistics, and examples. Expository writing encompasses a wide range of essay variations, such as the comparison and contrast essay, the cause and effect essay, and the “how to” or process essay. Because expository essays are based on facts and not personal feelings, writers don’t reveal their emotions or write in the first person. The following constitute the areas in which expository essay may feature.

i. How mechanics work

ii. How things are made

iii. How certain processes are carried out

iv. Definition of concepts.

The explanation might be clean so as not to confuse the reader or audience.

It must contain a vivid explanation of things.

Give a brief explanation of each of the following.

i. Narrative essay

ii. Descriptive essay

iii. Argumentative essay

iv. Expository essay

Type of essay

English Language communication skills page 103 – 108.

Topic: Literature

Definition of Literature

Literature is any printed and unprinted materials that instructs, informs, entertains and educates people. Literature is a subject that mirrors people, their customs and traditions for others to see and learn from. In other words, Literature is the caricature of human society and all the activities embedded in it, that is, there is a kind of reciprocal relations between literature and life.

Functions of Literature.

1. Literature helps a lot in the development of language.

2. Literature creates awareness of one’s society and that of others.

3. It teaches moral lessons.

4. It corrects wrong doings

5. Literature recognizes achievements and achievers.

6. It assists a lot in the process of projecting the customs and tradition of the people.

7. It also entertains, educates and instructs readers.

Types of Literature

Dance : the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight inthe movement itself.

List all the functions of literature

What is literature?

General Evaluation

1. Mention and explain the types of nouns and explain

2. With reference to the related text, explain the types of literature.

Weekend Assignment

Underline the nouns in the following sentences and state their kind.

1. The book was lying on the table.

2. Love begets love.

3. We cannot live without water.

4. The jury has given its verdict.

5. The Hindus regard Krishna as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu.

6. Alcohol is injurious to health.

7. Smoking is a bad habit.

8. Wild animals live in forests.

9. The childhood of Peter was full of misery.

10. All the girls were singing.

11. Gold is a precious metal.

12. Rice is the staple food of South Indians.

13. The earth moves round the sun.

14. Mankind should love nature.

15. We get wool from sheep.

Topic: Comprehension/ Vocabulary Development

Content : Effective English. Unit 2, page 31.

Tolu’s New School

Vocabulary : To learn about some jobs.

A butcher cuts up meat and sells it.

A carpenter makes things out of wood.

A cashier receives money and pays it out

An electrician puts wires for electricity into houses and mends electrical appliances.

A labourer does hard work e.g carrying heavy things or digging.

A tailor makes clothes

A hawker is a person who moves about selling things.

Do practice 2, 3 and 4. Page 32

Pure vowels

Vowel sound (pure vowels or monophthongs)

Oral English for colleges and schools, pages 8 to 19

Topic: Pronouns

Without pronouns, we’d have to keep on repeating nouns, and that would make our speech and writing repetitive, not to mention cumbersome. Most pronouns are very short words.

As mentioned, pronouns are usually used to replace nouns, however they can also stand in for certain adverbs, adjectives, and other pronouns. Anytime you want to talk about a person, animal, place or thing, you can use pronouns to make your speech or writing flow better.

Types of Pronouns

Pronouns can be divided into numerous categories including:

1. Indefinite pronouns– those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places

2. Personal pronouns– those associated with a certain person, thing, or group; all except you have distinct forms that indicate singular or plural number i.e. I, we, us

3. Reflexive pronouns– those preceded by the adverb, adjective, pronoun, or noun to which they refer, and ending in–self or–selves i.e. yourself, myself, ourselves.

4. Demonstrative pronouns– those used to point to something specific within a sentence

5. Possessive pronouns– those designating possession or ownership

6. Relative pronouns– those which refer to nouns mentioned previously, acting to introduce an adjective (relative) clause I.e. whose, whom, which, who.

7. Interrogative pronouns– those which introduce a question I.e. what,

8.  Reciprocal pronouns– those expressing mutual actions or relationship; i.e. one another, each other

Pronoun Rules

There are a few important rules for using pronouns. As you read through these rules and the examples in the next section, notice how the pronoun rules are followed. Soon you’ll see that pronouns are easy to work with.

*. Subject pronouns may be used to begin sentences. For example: We did a great job.

*. Subject pronouns may also be used to rename the subject. For example: It was she who decided we should go to Hawaii.

*. Indefinite pronouns don’t have antecedents. They are capable of standing on their own. For example: No one likes the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard.

*. Object pronouns are used as direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions. These include: you, me, him, her, us, them, and it. For example: David talked to her about the mistake.

*. Possessive pronouns show ownership. They do not need apostrophes. For example: The cat washed its whiskers.

Evaluation : The following exercises will help you gain greater understanding about how pronouns work. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. This is __________ speaking .A. John B. He C. He John D. Am

2. Greg is as smart as __________ is. A. I B.me C. she D. we

3. The dog chewed on __________ favorite toy. A. it’s B. it is C. its’ D. its

4. It could have been __________ .A. Jerry B. anyone C. better D. more difficult

5. Terry is taller than __________ am. A.I B.me C. she D. we

Topic: Elements of Composition: Introduction, Body and Conclusion

Structure of an Essay

The creation of an essay requires a lot of knowledge from the writer, but the first thing to know and to remember is the peculiarity of the essay’s structure. Each and every essay is written according to a basic structure that does not change: introduction and the body followed by a conclusion. The structure is the core of each paper that helps the writer to make a very well founded written construct. In order to compose an essay accurately, the way it should be, it is necessary to keep in mind the main hints concerning the contents of the essay structure elements.

Basic essay structure

1. INTRODUCTION: An introduction does not need to be long (and should not be), but it is an important part of an essay. A weak introduction can cause readers to lose interest in your essay from the start, whereas a strong introduction will engage your readers and make them want to continue reading. Of course, the introduction is the first part of your essay that your audience will read, and it’s important to make a good first impression.

An introduction needs to do three things:

1. To spark the interest of readers

3. To present the thesis statement of the essay.

How to write a good introduction with samples

A. Begin with Background or Historical Information

Example: Theft is not a new crime.

Throughout history, unscrupulous individuals have pretended to be people they are not, often with the goal of political, social, or financial gain. With the right appearance and demeanor, people have falsely presented themselves as kings and bishops. Today, in our information age, identity theft is a far more prevalent problem . With access to names, Social Security number s, and other personal information, thieves are able to steal identities, leaving the victims struggling to clear their good names. Identity theft is a serious problem that claims millions of innocent victims, and the government must implement better regulations to help put an end to this crime.

B. Begin with a Quotation

In Shakespeare’s Othello , Iago claims that he “who steals my purse steals trash / . . . But he that filches from me my good name / Robs me of that which not enriches him, / and makes me poor indeed” (3.3.157-161). Today, identity theft is a new way that thieves steal both the “purses” and the good names of innocent victims, and these thieves are enriching themselves at the expense of their victims. Identity theft is a serious problem that claims millions of innocent victims, and the government must implement better regulations to help put an end to this crime.

C. Begin with an Interesting or Surprising Fact

Fraud is the fastest growing crime in the United States. In 2004, over nine million Americans, or approximately one person in 24, became victims of identity fraud or identity theft, at a cost to the economy of 52.6 billion dollars (“2005 Identity Fraud Survey Report”). Because many cases of identity fraud and identity theft may go unreported, the number s could be even higher. Identity theft is a serious problem that claims millions of innocent victims, and the government must implement better regulations to help put an end to this crime.

D. Begin with a Definition of an Important Term:

Our identity is what makes us unique. It is “the distinguishing character or personality of an individual,” and when one is a victim of identity theft, it is this “distinguishing character” that is stolen: one’s name, address, Social Security number , employment history, credit history, and more. It therefore is no wonder that victims of identity theft often feel a deep sense of violation as they struggle to reclaims their good names. Identity theft is a serious problem that claims millions of innocent victims, and the government must implement better regulations to help put an end to this crime.

E. Begin with a Short Narrative

Joe Stevens was finally ready to purchase a home. He spent years putting money into a savings account, paid off his credit cards, and diligently paid every bill on time. Confident of his good credit rating, Joe visited the bank to inquire about a mortgage, but he discovered startling information: Joe defaulted on a home loan, had $40,000 in credit card debt, and had a car repossessed for lack of payment. Joe Stevens, like many Americans, is a victim of identity theft. Instead of preparing to move into a new home, Joe began the long journey to restore his good name and to reclaim his identity. Identity theft is a serious problem that claims millions of innocent victims, and the government must implement better regulations to help put an end to this crime

F. Begin with a Question

2. BODY OF THE ESSAY: The body is the meat and potatoes of your essay. As such, it needs to contain lots of juicy textual evidence and meaty support, not fluff. The body of a basic essay may have as many body paragraphs as it is necessary to prove the author’s argument of the thesis statement .It is vital to keep in mind that each paragraph is supposed to have one main argument to analyze and has to reveal it in one solid thought in a sentence called the topic sentence. Therefore the amount of the body paragraphs equals the amount of topic sentences .Each body paragraph must be connected to following one with a logical link.

A. First paragraph : The first paragraph of the body should contain the strongest argument, most significant example, cleverest illustration, or an obvious beginning point. The first sentence of this paragraph should include the “reverse hook” which ties in with the transitional hook at the end of the introductory paragraph. The topic for this paragraph should be in the first or second sentence. This topic should relate to the thesis statement in the introductory paragraph. The last sentence in this paragraph should include a transitional hook to tie into the second paragraph of the body.

B. Second paragraph : The second paragraph of the body should contain the second strongest argument, second most significant example, second cleverest illustration, or an obvious follow up the first paragraph in the body. The first sentence of this paragraph should include the reverse hook which ties in with the transitional hook at the end of the first paragraph of the body. The topic for this paragraph should be in the first or second sentence. This topic should relate to the thesis statement in the introductory paragraph. The last sentence in this paragraph should include a transitional hook to tie into the third paragraph of the body.

C. Third paragraph : The third paragraph of the body should contain the weakest argument, weakest example, weakest illustration, or an obvious follow up to the second paragraph in the body. The first sentence of this paragraph should include the reverse hook which ties in with the transitional hook at the end of the second paragraph. The topic for this paragraph should be in the first or second sentence. This topic should relate to the thesis statement in the introductory paragraph. The last sentence in this paragraph should include a transitional concluding hook that signals the reader that this is the final major point being made in this paper. This hook also leads into the last, or concluding paragraph.

3. CONCLUSION: I t is usually written in one solid paragraph. The conclusion always deals with summing up the essays arguments revealed in the topic sentences and the therefore present substantial evidence to prove the thesis statement. It is also important to mention the importance of the general conclusion of the essay.

General Evaluation :

1. Mention and explain the types of pronouns you know.

2. Explain briefly the structure or elements of a good composition

Weekend Assignment:

A. Pick out the pronouns in the following

1. We are going on vacation.

2. Don’t tell me that you can’t go with us.

3. Anybody who says it won’t be fun has no clue what they are talking about.

4. These are terribly steep stairs.

5. We ran into each other at the mall.

6. I’m not sure which is worse: rain or snow.

7. It is one of the nicest Italian restaurants in town.

8. Richard stared at himself in the mirror.

9. The laundry isn’t going to do itself.

10. Someone spilled orange juice all over the countertop!

B. Write a fantastic composition on any any of the following topics, with insights from the topic, “elements of composition.”

i. My Best Friend.

ii. A Visit to the Hospital.

iii. My Last Birthday Party

Topic : Speech Work

Vowels /i:/

1. /I:/ S eat, meet, Pol ice, S eize, R ead

  F ield, k ey, q uay, P eople, am oeba

Vowel contrast

s eat  S it

There is a great difference between /i:/ and the short /I/. This difference is shown by keeping the tongue longer in the same position for the pronunciation of /I:/ than you will do for the pronunciation of /I/.

Evaluation: words

1. Find five pairs of words that can show the contrast between the short /I/ and the long /I:/ as in the examples above.

Vowel contrast – /I:/ and /I/

Oral English for schools and colleges. Page 16

Structure –function of verbs

Functions of verbs

A verb may tell us:

1. What a person or thing does; as, Anthony laughs.

The clock strikes.

2. What is done to a person or thing; Harry is scolded.

The window is broken.

3. What a person or thing is; as The cat is dead.

Glass is brittle

A verb is a word used to tell or assert something about some person or thing.

A verb often consists of more than one word as,

The girls were singing.

I have learnt my lesson

The watch has been found.

Auxiliary verbs

I have written it

She has done it

They are going

They were going

She is dancing

Modal Auxiliaries

These express ideas such as possibility, probability, ability, certainty, willingness, obligation, permission, necessity, request, compulsion etc.

I can carry the load (ability)

We may see tomorrow (probability)

I must do the assignment (certainty)

They will come (possibility)

You must do your assignment now (compulsion)

You can go there. (Permission)

Evaluation :

Say the function of each of the underlined verb in each of the sentences below.

Harry is tall

Olawale was singing

You may go home

English Grammar for Junior Secondary Schools. Page 47 to 50

Topic: Present Tense

A verb that refers to the present time is said to be in the present tense.

I write letters to him.

I run errands for my mother

We pray together every morning

Many types so fast

She goes to School.

More verbs (Present tense)

Present Tense   Past Tense

Broad cast  broadcast

Split  split

Burst  burst

Destroy  destroyed

Hand (put to death)  hanged

Flow  flowed

Fund  funded

Shine  shone

Present Tense  Past Tense

Deal  dealt

Creep  crept

Weave  wove

Mean  meant

Pick five present verbs and make a sentence with each of them

English Grammar for J.S.S pages 35 – 40

Topic : Comprehension and Vocabulary Development

The passage is a conversation. The principal came around to see what the boys with Mr. Etonye were doing. Mr. Etonye explained to him that they were learning some important skills in woodwork.

Eyo was making a bookshelf. He had marked out one end of it when the principal came. He explained to the principal that after marking out the piece of wood, he would cut it out.

EVALUATION:

 Practice 2(1-7)

Vocabulary – Words to do with tools

1. Woodwork means making things out of wood.

2. Carpentry also means making things out of wood.

3. A saw is a tool for cutting wood.

5. A hammer is a tool for driving nails into wood.

6. A ruler is for measuring and drawing straight lines

7. A drill is a tool for making round holes.

8. Sandpaper is for making wood very smooth.

9. Mary tools have a blade and a handle.

When the blade is blunt, the carpenter sharpens it. That is, he makes it sharp again.

Topic: Literature – Prose and its elements

Types of prose

A prose is a long narrative with a wide range of characters, events and experiences, written in a straight forward language.

ELEMENTS OF A PROSE (STORY)

Elements of fiction and elements of story in general can be used by the reader to increase their enjoyment and understanding of different literary pieces. Once students are aware that all stories have elements of character, setting, plot, theme, point of view, style, and tone; they can be encouraged to ask themselves to identify the characteristics of each for a particular story. The more familiar they become with the different kinds of elements the better they will understand and critically analyze stories.

1. Character : Character is the mental, emotional, and social qualities to distinguish one entity from another (people, animals, spirits, automatons, pieces of furniture, and other animated objects).Character development is the change that a character undergoes from the beginning of a story to the end. Young children can note this. The importance of a character to the story determines how fully the character is developed. Characters can be primary , secondary, minor, or main.

2. Plot : Plot is the order in which things move and happen in a story. Chronological order is when a story relates events in the order in which they happened. Flashback is when the story moves back in time.

Explain the meaning of each of the following.

1. Characterization

4. Language

Topic: Difference between Narrative Essays and Descriptive Essays

Narrative and Descriptive essay are two different types of essay writing. The clear difference between them can be highlighted in terms of the writer’s objective. A narrative essay usually tells the writer’s experiences to the reader. This highlights that a narrative allows the reader to immerse in a story that is composed of a sequence of events. But a descriptive essay is quite different from a narrative essay, mainly because it does not engage in relating a story but merely on providing a descriptive account of something or someone to the reader. This is the main difference between a narrative and a descriptive essay.

1. Write on an essay topic: My Favorite Teacher

2. Write on the essay topic: An Unforgettable Experience.

3. Write a short note on the elements of a prose

Weekend Assignmen t

• Write twenty verbs with their past and part participle forms.
• Give five examples each of the following types of verbs: Transitive, Intransitive,

Topic: Narrative Essay: My First Day in Secondary School

Content : Sample Essay

Tell us about a personal quality, talent, accomplishment, contribution or experience that is important to you. What about this quality or accomplishment makes you proud, and how does it relate to the person you are?

My First Day in Secondary School

The clock struck 6:30, I was in bed, and it was time to get up. Being that my mom was the one who woke me up, I waited in bed and closed my eyes as she came near my room to cover my anxiety. It was the first day of high school and I was as excited as one could be. Taking my shower towel in with me to brush my teeth and my toothbrush downstairs with me to eat breakfast, I was oblivious to everything except for special day that I envisioned at school.

Once I was ready, my mom drove me to school, asked me several questions, told me what to do after school, and yet I came out of the car unaware of what she had said. Walking onto campus while embracing my surroundings, I kept telling myself, “This is my time, now let’s go make it happen.” After the first two classes, the day was going great; I had seen many of my friends and my teachers were presumably pleasant. We then had a ten minute break in which I decided to use the restroom.

As I walked in, I looked into the mirror and saw the face of one of my closest friends. After a few more steps, I saw the full picture. He was in a small huddle with a few other students, and in his right hand was a cigarette. I was stunned, and now knowing how to react, I quickly exited the restroom. The scene haunted me for a long time and after several weeks, it became clear that we were no longer in touch with each other.

Evaluation : Write your own experience, in a narrative way, tittle: “My First Day in Secondary School”.

Topic : Adjectives: definition, identification and types

Content : What Is an Adjective?

Adjectives are words that modify (change) nouns, pronouns and other adjectives.

How to Identify Adjectives

In the sentence “he was fast ,” the word “fast” is an adjective that describes the pronoun “he.”

Here’s a special sentence that uses all the letters of the English language: “The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.”

In this sentence, the words “quick,” “brown” and “lazy” are adjectives (and so is the word “the,” but we’ll explain this later!). All these words are describing or somehow modifying a noun.

So, you might already know about adjectives like these, like “ quick ,” “ beautiful ” and “ ugly ,” which are used to describe people, places and things. But did you know that adjectives have many other uses? Words like “every,” “the” and “my” are also adjectives. When you say “my cat,” the word “my” is modifying the word “cat.” It’s describing that cat as your possession, or something that belongs to you. Likewise for the word “every” in the phrase “every cat.”As you can see, adjectives have many uses!

Types of Adjectives

Remember that adjectives can modify as well as describe other words, and you’ll find it much easier to identify different types of adjectives when you see them.

1. Articles : There are only three articles, and all of them are adjectives: a, an, and the. Because they are used to discuss non-specific things and people.

“a” and “an” are called indefinite articles.

For example: I’d like a …..

Let’s go on an ….

2. Possessive Adjectives : As the name indicates, possessive adjectives are used to indicate possession. They are:*.My*.Your*.His*.Her*.Its*.Our*.Their. Possessive adjectives also function as possessive pronouns.

3. Demonstrative Adjectives : Like the article ‘the’, demonstrative adjectives are used to indicate or demonstrate specific people, animals, or things. Examples: These, those, this and that are demonstrative adjectives.

*. These books belong to her

*. This movie is my favorite.

*.Please put those cookies on the blue plate.

4. Coordinate Adjectives: Coordinate adjectives are separated with commas or the word ‘and’, and appear one after another to modify the same noun. The adjectives in the phrase: bright, sunny day and long and dark night are coordinate adjectives. In phrases with more than two coordinate adjectives, the word ‘and’ always appears before the last one; for example: The sign had big, bold, and bright letters.

Be careful, because some adjectives that appear in a series are not coordinate. In the phrase green delivery truck, the words green and delivery are not separated by a comma because green modifies the phrase delivery truck. To eliminate confusion when determining whether a pair or group of adjectives is coordinate, just insert the word ‘and’ between them. If ‘and’ works, then the adjectives are coordinate and need to be separated with a comma.

5 . Numbers Adjectives : When they’re used in sentences, number s are almost always adjectives. You can tell that a number is an adjective when it answers the question “How many?”

*.The stage coach was pulled by a team of six .

*.He ate twenty hot dogs during the contest, and was sick afterwards.

6 . Interrogative Adjectives: There are three interrogative adjectives:which, what,and whose. Like all other types of adjectives, interrogative adjectives modify nouns. As you probably know, all three of these words are used to ask questions.

*. Which option sounds best to you?

*. What time should we go?

*. Whose socks are those?

7. Indefinite Adjectives : Like the articles a, and an, indefinite adjectives are used to discuss non-specific things. You might recognize them, since they’re formed from indefinite pronouns. The most common indefinite adjectives are any, many, no, several, and few.

*.Do we have any peanut butter?

*.Grandfather has been retired for many years now

*.There are no bananas in the fruit bowl.

*.I usually read the first few pages of a book before I buy it.

*.We looked at several cars before deciding on the best one for our family.

Topic : Oral Literature

The Nature and Kinds of Oral Literature

Epics, ballads, prose tales, ritual and lyric songs, as genres, existed orally before writing was invented. We do not have a special word to designate them before they were manifested in writing, so we are left with the paradox of “oral literature.” But if literature can be defined as “carefully constructed verbal expression,” carefully structured oral verbal expression can surely qualify as literature. This is common sense. People did not wait until there was writing before they told stories and sang songs.

Moreover, when these genres first appeared in writing, their metric base, their poetic and compositional devices, were already fully developed and none of them could have been invented by any one person at any one time. They are too complicated for that.

Oral literature, then, consists of the songs and stories, and other sayings that people have heard and listened to, sung and told, without any intervention of writing. The creator or transmitter did not write the song or the story but sang or told it; the receiver did not read the song or story but heard it. These stories and songs are, therefore, not only oral but also aural; they are not only told, they are also heard.

Topic : Speech work: Vowel /I/

Make five minimal pairs of the sound /I/.

1. What do you understand by the term “oral literature”?

2. Write five examples of five different types of adjectives.

3. Write a narrative on an experience you will never forget.

A. Find the adjective or adjectives that fit in each of the blanks best.

1. We visited the museum, where we saw ____________ artifacts. A. A lot of B. Ancient C. John’s D. A room filled with

2. I received ______________ awards at the ceremony today. A. The manager’s B. Two C. Information about D. Motivation at the

3. Please get me a bag of ____________ apples. A. Interesting B. Ripe red C. Oranges and D. Real

4. The president sat in a _______________ chair. A. Important B. Barber’s C. Funny D. Leather

5.________________ weather is the norm in San Francisco. A. Blue B. Big C. Foggy D. The best

B. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate form of the adjective given in the brackets.

1. He is ………………… than his neighbors. (Rich)

2. The brides were much……………… than the grooms. (Young)

3. He is too …………………… to be taught. (Intelligent)

4. He is ………………… than I thought him to be. (Clever)

5. When the old woman became……………………, she began to move about. (Strong)

6. He is much ………………… now. (Good)

7. The offer was too ………………… to be true. (Good)

8. He fishes with …………………… success than I do. (Great)

9. Shakespeare is the…………………… playwright in English. (Great)

10. The pain was …………………… than he could bear. (Much)

11. The ………………… thing of all was that his son was rude to him. (Bad)

12. Jane was the ………………… player of the two. (Good)

Topic : Speech work: Vowel /e/

Topic : Comprehension/Vocabulary

The writer describes his aunt who is Mrs Catherine Odinachi Ezeru by name. She lives in a village called Ifite Ukpo, which is near the Onitsha – Enugu road in Anambra State. She is a very kind person. She is beautiful, short and quite fat. Mrs Catherine is never alone in her house. She is a mother to the children of other women. They go to her house because she is good and kind to them.

Vocabulary (Adjectives)

shiny/saimi/ – smooth and bright.

Pale /peil/ – having skin that is almost white

Cheerful/tςi ə fl/ – happy and showing it by the way that you behave.

Welcoming/welk ə muŋ/ – a person or place that is welcoming makes you feel happy and relaxed when you meet them or arrive there. calm /kaim/ – quiet and without excitement, nervous activity, or strong feeling.

Adjectives for describing people (vocabulary)

Effective English for J.S.S 1 page 69

Topic: Comparison of Adjectives

There are three forms of comparison:

*.comparative

*.superlative

1. Comparison with – er/-est

clean → cleaner→ (the) cleanest

We use -er/-est with the following adjectives:

1.1. Adjectives with one syllable

positive comparative superlative

clean cleaner cleanest

new newer newest

cheap cheaper cheapest

1.2. Adjectives with two syllables and the following endings:

1.2.1. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -y

dirty dirtier dirtiest

easy easier easiest

happy. happier happiest

pretty prettier prettiest

1.2.2. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -er

clever cleverer cleverest

1.2.3. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -le

simple simpler simplest

Special Adjectives: Some adjectives have two possible forms of comparison (-er/est and more/most).

clever cleverer / more clever cleverest / most clever

common commoner / more common commonest / most common

likely likelier / more likely likeliest / most likely

pleasant pleasanter / more pleasant pleasantest / most pleasant

polite politer / more polite politest / most polite

quiet quieter / more quiet quietest / most quiet simple

simple simpler / more simple simplest / most simple

stupid stupider / more stupid stupidest / most stupid

Topic: Arrangement of Ideas in Logical Sequence

Beginnings: hooking your reader

Where to begin is a crucial decision for a writer. Just as a good beginning can draw a reader into a piece of writing, a mediocre beginning can discourage a reader from reading further. The beginning, also called the lead or the hook, orients the reader to the purpose of the writing by introducing characters or setting (for narrative) or the topic, thesis, or argument (for expository writing).

A good beginning also sets up expectations for the purpose, style, and mood of the piece. Good writers know how to hook their readers in the opening sentences and paragraphs by using techniques such as dialogue, flashback, description, inner thoughts, and jumping right into the action.

What’s in the middle?

The organization of the middle of a piece of writing depends on the genre. Researchers have identified five basic organizational structures: sequence, description, cause and effect, compare and contrast, and problem and solution.

Sequence uses time, numerical, or spatial order as the organizing structure. Some narrative genres that use a chronological sequence structure are personal narrative genres (memoir, autobiographical incident, autobiography), imaginative story genres (fairytales, folktales, fantasy, science fiction), and realistic fiction genres.

Cause and Effect structure is used to show causal relationships between events. Cause and effect structures organize more sophisticated narratives as children become more adept at showing the relationship between events. Young children also can begin to extend opinion essays by giving reasons to support their opinions using the word ‘because’. Signal words for cause and effect structures also include: if…then, as a result, and therefore.

Comparison and Contrast structure is used to explain how two or more objects, events, or positions in an argument are similar or different. Graphic organizers such as Venn diagrams, compare/contrast organizers, and data matrices can be used to compare features across different categories. Primary grade children can begin to use words such as same and different to compare things. Other words used to signal comparison and contrast organizational structures include alike, in contrast, similarities, differences, and on the other hand.

Problem and Solution requires writers to state a problem and come up with a solution. Although problem /solution structures are typically found in informational writing, realistic fiction also often uses a problem /solution structure that children can learn to identify.

Endings : beyond “happily ever after” Anyone who has watched a great movie for ninety minutes only to have it limp to the finish with weak ending knows that strong endings are just as critical to effective writing as strong beginnings. And anyone who has watched the director’s cut of a movie with all the alternate endings knows that even great directors have trouble coming up with satisfying endings for their movies. Just like directors, writers have to decide how to wrap up the action in their stories, resolving the conflict and tying up loose ends in a way that will leave their audience satisfied. Student writers struggle with writing strong endings, often relying on the weak “I had a lot of fun” summation or the classic “It was just a dream” ending to rescue them from their stories. The type of ending an author chooses depends on his or her purpose.

When the purpose is to entertain, endings may be happy or tragic, or a surprise ending may provide a twist. Endings can be circular, looping back to the beginning so readers end where they began, or they can leave the reader hanging, wishing for more. Endings can be deliberately ambiguous or ironic, designed to make the reader think, or they can explicitly state the moral of the story, telling the reader what to think. Strong endings for expository texts can summarize the highlights, restate the main points, or end with a final zinger statement to drive home the main point to the audience.

Evaluation : Write a short note on how to logically arrange ideas in essays.

Topic : Introduction to Drama, Types and Elements.

Definition of Drama

Drama is intended to replicate human behavior and action in the midst of tragedy and everyday life. A number of genres exist within drama, each with their own storytelling methods, character types and dramatic approach.

There are four main genres/ types of drama:

** Melodrama

The five characteristics of drama are:

*.Idea/Plot

*.Characters

*.Performance

Write the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives:

1. fast ____________

2. heavy ____________

3. dangerous ____________

4. small ____________

5. large ____________

6. light ____________

7. rare ____________

8. common __________

9. beautiful_________

10. swift__________

1B. Explain what you understand by the word “drama”.

Put the adjectives between brackets in the correct form

1. My brother has a (tidy) room than me.

2. Australia is (big)than England.

3. I’m (good)now than yesterday.

4. She’s got (little) money than you, but she doesn’t care.

5. He thinks Chinese is (difficult) language in the world

6. Valencia played (bad) than Real Madrid yesterday

7. Cats are not (intelligent) as dogs.

8. Show me (good) restaurant down town.

9. (hot)desert of all is the Sahara and it’s in Africa.

10. Who is (talkative) person in your family?

Topic : Adverbs: Definition, Identification and Types

An adverb is a word, which tells us more about an action. It is the word, which tells us: where, when, why, how often, to what degree, an action is performed.

In other words, we can have the adverbs of manner (how) frequency (how often), reason (why), time (when) degree (to what degree), please (where).

We shall look at just adverbs of manner and frequency in this lesson.

Types of Adverbs

1. Adverbs of Time

They tell us when a thing is done or when a thing happens.

Examples: suddenly, immediately, since, before, after when etc.

Suddenly : A thing happens suddenly when it happens without warning. No one expects it.

Immediately : This means that something happens without any delay. It happens at once, straight away.

Soon : A thing happens after only a short time.

After a time:  These means ‘later on’ we do not know how much time passes after a while  before the thing happens

2. Adverbs of frequency: They tell us how often a thing is done. They usually come before the verb in a sentence. But if the verb is a word like ‘am’, ‘is’, ‘are’, ‘was’, ‘were’, ‘have’, ‘has’ the adverb of frequency comes after it. E.g. the weather is usually hot in March. Other adverbs of frequency are.

I never arrive late for class.

I seldom arrive late for class.

It sometimes rains in January.

I usually get up at half past six

I often get high marks for my work.

I frequently ask questions in class.

I always go to house

She occasionally visits her pastor.

We normally play musical instruments.

The rarely goes to church.

3. Adverbs of manner: They tell us how a thing is done. They usually come after the verb in a sentence.

He ran quickly

She walked slowly

She runs fast

She ate her food hurriedly

They sang loudly.

Make a sentence with each of the following adverbs.

Reading Assignment : Exam Focus p.63-65

English Grammar for J.S.S pages 53 & 54

Topic : Descriptive Essay: A Market Place

Content: Sample Essay

Descriptive Writing: A Busy Market

The market roared with rage for it now was awake from its peaceful slumber. The shops were stuffed and street vendors made the street extremely narrow forcing people to walk in a straight file like soldiers going to battle. Shops of all different species stood on either side of the street obediently. None of them had doors for the shopkeepers knew very well that the doors would not last long against the might, impatience, and violence of the customers. Herds of people climbed on top of each other at the counter of each shop yelling wildly like mindless monkeys brawling for a banana.

A helpless woman fumbled through the scores of bags she carried and tried to tick on a list with a pen clenched between her teeth. The sun warmed up the stuffy, stinking air which smelled of sweat and rotting fish. No air freshener could have defeated this sour, rancid stink which ruled over the cramped air here. The afternoon flamed the market an exhaustion and breathlessness silently approached the first time visitors, but he everyday buyers proudly held on against the torture of the market and kept shopping. The deafening chaos in the market made ears split as if you were standing under a giant speaker.

Vendors yelled prices and frustrated housewives angrily argued with the annoyed shopkeepers. A nincompoop was trying to get his car across the market and carelessly honked to the river of people ahead completely ignoring him. It seemed as if all the sounds in the world had come to a reunion.

The market was furious but seldom had anyone seen it while it slept. When a calm breeze swept over it and the crumpled paper lying below swept along. When the street was lifeless and silent as a graveyard. When the moonlight would faintly escape through the huddle of clouds draping the moon. When the market would lie there sleeping lightly ready to explode at the first sign of light. Seldom had people noticed this market’s true beauty and enchantment. Older than the people in it was this market, and it lived like this every day. With long forgotten secrets lying deeply buried in its roots and vast knowledge in its stem, it kept on living.

Evaluation : Write your own version of a market place you know.

Topic : Literature

Content : Use Recommended Text (Prose)

Write on any of these descriptive essay topics:

1. Describe your favorite place.

2. Describe your ideal bedroom.

3. Describe the house in which you grew up.

4. Describe what the first house on the moon would look like.

5. Describe some of your favorite places in your hometown.

B. Discover more types of adverbs with examples

Weekend Assignment :

Find the adjective in the first sentence and fill in the blanks with the corresponding adverb.

1. James is careful. He drives…….

2. The girl is slow. She walks………

3. Her English is perfect. She speaks English……….

4. Our teacher is angry. She shouts………

5. My neighbor is a loud speaker. He speaks. ……..

6. He is a bad writer. He writes………..

7. Jane is a nice guitar player. He plays the guitar…….

8. He is a good painter. He paints.. ……

9. She is a quiet girl. She does her job……..

10. This exercise is easy. You can do it……

Topic : Letter writing

Types of letter

Letter writing is the art of communicating by writing one’s requests, feelings, ideas, opinions and so on to someone, as if the person were physically present.

There are three major types of letters:

1. Formal letter

2. Informal letter

3. Semi-formal letter

Formal Letter

Another name for formal letter is official letters. They are letters we write to people in their official positions.

Formal letters can be in the form of applications for admission or employment requests, official queries and replies to them, letters by students to the head of their schools, letters to local government chairman, letters to commissioner or minister of Education.

Features of a formal letter

** Writer’s Address : This should be written at the top right corner of the page

** Receiver’s Address : This is written on the line following the date on the left hand side of the page

** Salutation : This is the greeting which comes after the receiver’s address.

Dear Madam,

** Heading or Topic or Titl e: This comes directly after the salutation but not on the same line.

**Body of the letter : Here, go straight to what the question says you should do. There is no room for exchange of pleasantries or personal matters.

Subscript (complimentary close)

Yours faithfully,

(Signature)

Chioma Aloziem.

Informal letter .

Informal letters are personal letters. They are the letters we write to people who are very familiar to us such people as our parents, relatives, friends, classmates and other people with whom we have close relationship.

Features of an informal letter

Writer’s address: This should be written at the top right corner of the page.

Salutation: Dear Peter,

Dear father,

Body of the letter: This is the content of the letter.

Subscript (Complimentary close)

 Yours sincerely

 Yours affectionately,

Semi formal letters

These are letters we write to people who are not total strangers to us but are not close enough to us to deserve a personal letter. They are people like our teachers, distant aunties and uncles, family doctors, priests etc.

Features of a semi-formal letter.

Writers address: This is written at the top right corner of the page

Salutation: Dear Mr Ninani,

Dear Uncle Jude,

Yours sincerely,

Ibrahim Shethma

Evaluation:

List the features of (a) formal letters (b) Informal letters (c) Semi-formal letters

Reading Assignment : Letter writing

Reference : College Essays for Basic 7 pages 81 -83

Topic: Literature – Introduction to for folktale

Folktales are stories that grew out of the lives and imaginations of the people, or folk. They have always been children’s favorite type of folk literature. Their popularity springs from their imaginative characters, their supernatural elements, and their focus on action, their simple sense of justice, their happy endings, and the fundamental wisdom they contain. Many people use the terms folktale and fairy tale interchangeable, though few of these tales actually contain fairies. “Fairy tales are unreal but they are not untrue; they reflect essential developments and conditions of man’s existence” (cited in Lüthi, 1976, Once Upon a Time: On the Nature of Fairy Tales, p. 70)

• Animal tales are perhaps the oldest of all folktales. They are part myth, part fable, and part fairy tales. They play significant roles in early stories and legends. Talking animals appear in many European folktales. For example, “The Three Little Pigs” and “Little Red Riding Hood”.

2. Wonder tales (also known as fairy tales) are the best known of the traditional folktales. They are stories of supernatural wonders typically depicting the conflict between good and evil. Most conclude with the triumph of virtue and a happy marriage. In fairy tales, the supernatural wonder is derived from either a magical person (a fairy godmother, a wicked witch), a magical object (a wondrous beanstalk, a talking mirror, a magic lamp) or an enchantment (a miraculous sleep that lasts until love’s first kiss). For example, “Cinderella”, “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”, “Sleeping Beauty” and “Jack and the Beanstalk”

5. Noodlehead tales are light-hearted tales about silly people doing silly things. These tales are popular because of their pure nonsense and jocularity, and sometimes we enjoy the triumph of the good-hearted simpleton over the craftier evil characters of the story. For example, “Hans in Luck” by the Grimm brothers and “The Three Wishes” by Joseph Jacobs.

Evaluation: What do you understand by the word, “folktales”?

General Evaluation:

1. Briefly write the format of a formal, informal and semi-formal letter.

2. Mention and explain the types of folktales you know.

1. Study the folktales mentioned above, choose one, and a story .

2. Write a formal letter to the supervisor of your school, suggesting that the school library be freshly equipped with lively and modern books.

Topic: Features of an Informal Letter with sample model

A . Informal letters are very friendly and casual in their tone. Their greatest distinction from a formal letter is this casualness of tone. Informal letters are never official or excessively polite, nor do they contain much terminology.

B . Informal letters always contain questions pertaining to the person’s well-being, as well as that of those around him, like his family and friends.

C . Informal letters also rely a lot on memories, shared secrets, and humorous moments of the past and shared dreams or conversations.

Below is an example of an informal letter, written by a son to his mother. This will help you understand the tone of an informal letter.

43, Princess Street,

27th Oct., 2017

How are you? How’s Dad? And Ben? Is Ben alright? Has he tripped and broken his leg yet again? I can just imagine poor clumsy Ben falling and crying his eyes out. The poor lad does need to be more careful in his wandering. Very soon he’ll turn ten and start calling himself a big boy!

I’m feeling quite excellent here. The academic requirements keep me so busy! I hardly have time to miss you. Though, sometimes, I do miss eating with you people very much. I can’t wait for vacations to begin! I’m going to gorge on all your dishes like there’s no tomorrow!

I’ve started to develop a keen interest in English Language and I’ve been taking an introductory course in it this term. Who knows, I might even major in it! Hopefully, though, my interest in English shouldn’t wane—the way it did for Civic Education, remember, Ma?

I hope Dad’s doing well. And please don’t skip your erator Informal Letter Template Writing Tips:*.Informal letters are very friendly and casual in their tone. Their greatest distinction from a formal letter is this casualness of tone. Informal letters are never official or excessively polite, nor do they contain much terminology.*.Informal letters always contain questions pertaining to the person’s well-being, as well as that of those around him, like his family and friends.*.Informal letters also rely a lot on memories, shared secrets, humorous moments of the past and shared dreams or conversations.*.Below is an example of an informal letter, written by a son to his mother. This will help you understand the tone of an informal letter. meds, Ma. I miss you guys a lot and I cannot wait to see you.

Topic: Literature : Introduction to Figures of Speech (Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Alliteration, And Assonance)

A figure of speech is a phrase or word having different meanings than its literal meanings. It conveys meaning by identifying or comparing one thing to another, which has connotation or meaning familiar to the audience. That is why it is helpful in creating vivid rhetorical effect.

Types of Figures of Speech:

There are many types of figures of speech. Here are a few of them with detailed descriptions:

Personification: It occurs when a writer gives human traits to non-human or inanimate objects. It is similar to metaphors and similes that also use comparison between two objects. For instance, “Hadn’t she felt it in every touch of the sunshine, as its golden finger-tips pressed her lids open and wound their way through her hair?”

It is a type of comparison between things or objects by using “as” or “like.” See the following example: My heart is like a singing bird, whose nest is in a water’d shoot; My heart is like an apple-tree. My heart is like a rainbow shell…

Metaphor is comparing two unlike objects or things, which may have some common qualities.

Example: He is the dark horse

Tobi is a dog

Evaluation : Write on five types of figures of speech

1. Write on the following:

B. Metaphor

C. Assonance

D. Alliteration

Write a letter to your cousin, telling him/ her of your experience in school.

Speech Work :

Topic: Grammar : Introduction to Adverbs (Features and Functions)

Fill in the blanks with suitable adverbs. Choose from those given below.

Slowly Quickly Completely Probably Upstairs

Even Often Tomorrow

Only Certainly Neatly Definitely Happily

1. Polite people ……………………….. say thank-you.

2. I …………………………… have headaches.

3. You have ……………………….. been working too hard.

4. He always wears a coat, ………………………… in summer.

5. ……………………….. he can do a thing like that.

6. ………………………… I have got a meeting in New York.

7. She got dressed ……………………………

8. This time tomorrow I will be…………………………. working in my garden.

9. It will …………………………… rain this evening.

10. The children are playing ………………………..

11. I ……………………. feel better today.

12. My brother ………………………….. forgot my birthday.

13. Write your answers ………………………

14. She read the letter …………………………….

Topic: Composition : Informal Letter: Letter to your cousin, telling him about your new school

Topic: Literature : Review of recommended text/ Figures of speech

Evaluation : With reference to the recommended text, highlight the figures of speech used

1. Write to your sick grandma in the village, wishing her a quick recovery.

2. Give five examples of three different kinds of adverbs

Identify the figure of speech used in the following sentences.

1. The camel is the ship of the desert. a) Metaphor b) Simile c) Oxymoron d) Epigram

2. Death lays its icy hands on Kings. a) Epigram b) Antithesis c) Metaphor d) Personification

3. O Hamlet! Thou has cleft my heart in twain. a) Metaphor b) Hyperbole c) Oxymoron d) Apostrophe

4. O death! Where is thy sting? O grave! Where is thy victory? a) Oxymoron b) Hyperbole c) Metaphor d) Apostrophe

5. Life is as tedious as a twice-told tale .a) Simile b) Metaphor c) Hyperbole d) Apostrophe

6. Variety is the spice of life. a) Metaphor b) Simile c) Hyperbole d) Antithesis

7. Pride goeth forth on horseback, grand and gay a) Personification b) Hyperbole c) Apostrophe d) Metaphor

8. O Solitude! Where are the charms that sages have seen in thy face? a) Personification b) Apostrophe c) Hyperbole d) Antithesis

9. Here is the smell of blood still; all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. a) Hyperbole b) Antithesis c) Personification d) Metaphor

10. Many are called, few are chosen a) Oxymoron b) Antithesis c) Hyperbole d) Personification

WEEK ELEVEN

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Many students have a hard time picking interesting topics for their narrative essays.

Without a good topic, their stories can be boring and won't get good grades.

Here we’ve made a list of simple and fun narrative essay topics to help your essay stand out.

So, keep reading to find the perfect narrative essay idea for you!

• 1. Narrative Essay Topics for Students
• 2. Unique Narrative Essay Topics for Students
• 3. Narrative Essay Topics on Different Themes
• 4. How to Choose a Topic for a Narrative Essay?
• 5. Tips for Writing Narrative Essays

Narrative Essay Topics for Students

If you're a student looking for a diverse range of topics, we've got you covered with a diverse selection of narrative essay topics. 

Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 3

• My favorite birthday party
• A day at the zoo
• The best trip I ever took
• My first pet
• A time I helped someone
• My funniest school day
• A rainy day adventure
• My favorite family tradition
• The day I learned to ride a bike
• A visit to the park

Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 4

• My best friend
• The most exciting day of my life
• A time I got lost
• A memorable sleepover
• A day at the beach
• My favorite holiday memory
• The day I found a hidden treasure
• A special family vacation
• A time I overcame a fear
• An unexpected surprise

Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 5

• My First Day at a New School
• The Time I Learned to Ride a Bike
• A Visit to a Haunted House
• The Day I Met a Real-Life Superhero
• My Most Memorable Family Vacation
• A Surprising Encounter with an Animal
• The Mystery of the Missing Homework
• The Best Birthday Party I Ever Had
• When I Lost a Tooth
• My Adventure in a Fantasy World

Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 6

• An Unforgettable Camping Trip
• The Day I Discovered a Hidden Talent
• A Mysterious Letter and Its Consequences
• A Time I Had to Stand Up for What's Right
• The Thrilling Mystery of a Forgotten Diary
• A Memorable Encounter with a Famous Person
• My Journey Through a Fantasy Land
• The Day I Learned a Valuable Life Lesson
• An Unexpected Act of Kindness
• A Secret Adventure in an Abandoned Place

Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 7

• The Most Exciting Adventure of My Life
• The Day I Overcame a Fear
• A Memorable School Field Trip
• The Strangest Mystery I Ever Encountered
• An Unforgettable Encounter with Wildlife
• A Life-Changing Decision I Had to Make
• The Best Book I Ever Read and Why
• A Day in the Life of a Time Traveler
• The Importance of Friendship in My Life
• A Valuable Lesson Learned from a Mistake

Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 8 

• A Time I Faced a Difficult Moral Dilemma
• The Most Memorable Summer Vacation
• The Impact of a Life-Altering Decision
• An Unexpected Act of Kindness I Received
• The Day I Stepped Out of My Comfort Zone
• A Historical Event I Would Like to Witness
• A Special Family Tradition and Its Significance
• A Personal Achievement I'm Proud Of
• A Challenging Obstacle I Overcame
• A Journey Through My Creative Imagination

Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 9

• The Transition to High School: Challenges and Triumphs
• A Life-Changing Encounter with an Inspiring Mentor
• My First Part-Time Job and What I Learned
• The Day I Realized the Power of Empathy
• The Impact of a Personal Passion or Hobby
• An Unforgettable Travel Experience Abroad
• A Meaningful Community Service Project I Participated In
• The Role of Technology in My Life
• A Defining Moment in My Cultural Identity
• My Vision for the Future: Dreams and Aspirations

Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 10

• The most challenging experience of my life
• A time I stood up for something I believed in
• How I overcame a major obstacle
• The impact of a special teacher or mentor
• A moment that changed my perspective on life
• An unforgettable road trip
• My experience with peer pressure
• A time I failed and what I learned from it
• A significant cultural or family tradition
• A memorable high school event

Narrative Essay Topics for O-Levels 

• The Day I Took a Leap of Faith
• An Unforgettable Journey into the Unknown
• A Life-Altering Decision I Made in High School
• An Encounter with a Stranger That Changed My Perspective
• The Role of Resilience in Overcoming a Personal Challenge
• The Impact of a Cultural Exchange Experience
• A Lesson Learned from a Unique Life Experience
• The Importance of Perseverance in Achieving a Goal
• My Most Memorable Academic Achievement
• A Glimpse into My Future: Aspirations and Ambitions

Narrative Essay Topics for Highschool

• The Moment I Discovered My Passion
• A Life-Changing Journey Abroad
• A Challenging Decision That Shaped My Future
• An Unexpected Act of Kindness That Touched My Heart
• The Role of Resilience in Overcoming Adversity
• A Personal Experience That Shaped My Values
• The Impact of Technology on My Generation
• A Time I Took a Stand for a Cause I Believe In
• A Memorable Leadership Role I Assumed
• A Glimpse into My Ideal Future: Aspirations and Goals

Narrative Essay Topics for College

• The Journey to Finding My Academic Passion
• A Life-Altering Study Abroad Experience
• The Transformational Impact of a Challenging Decision
• Navigating the Transition from College to the Professional World
• An Unforgettable Encounter with a Mentor or Role Model
• The Role of Adversity in Shaping My Personal Growth
• A Significant Ethical Dilemma I Faced in College
• How My College Experiences Have Shaped My Worldview
• The Impact of Technology on My College Education
• A Personal Reflection on My Career Aspirations and Goals

Narrative Essay Topics for University Students

• The Evolution of My Academic and Career Goals at University
• An Eye-Opening Internship Experience That Impacted My Future
• A Transformative Study Abroad Journey
• Navigating the Complexities of Balancing Work, Academics, and Social Life at University
• The Role of a Unique Research Project in My Academic Growth
• A Personal Account of Overcoming a Significant Academic Challenge
• A Meaningful Leadership Role in a University Organization
• The Journey of Self-Discovery Through Elective Courses at University
• The Impact of Peer Relationships and Networking at University
• How My University Education Has Shaped My Perspective on Global Issues

Unique Narrative Essay Topics for Students

We've gathered distinct narrative topic ideas to fuel your creativity. Let’s look at some personal narrative ideas to inspire your narrative writing.

Descriptive Narrative Essay Topics

• A Peaceful Day by the Riverside
• Exploring a Haunted House
• My Favorite Childhood Memory
• A Walk Through an Ancient Forest
• The Perfect Winter Wonderland
• An Evening at a Carnival
• A Visit to a Vibrant Art Gallery
• The Spectacular Colors of Autumn
• A Day in the Life of a Beach
• An Exciting Night in the City

Personal Narrative Essay Topics

• A Life-Changing Decision I Made
• A Moment of Personal Triumph
• Overcoming My Greatest Fear
• A Meaningful Lesson from a Personal Challenge
• The Role of a Special Friend in My Life
• A Time When I Broke a Personal Record
• The Impact of a Mentor on My Life
• My Journey to Self-Discovery

Literacy Narrative Essay Topics

• My Earliest Memory of Learning to Read
• The Book That Sparked My Love for Reading
• A Life-Changing Experience in a Library
• The Impact of a Special Teacher on My Writing Skills
• How Technology Has Shaped My Writing Habits
• A Personal Reflection on My Writing Journey
• The Role of Literature in Shaping My Perspective
• Writing as a Tool for Self-Expression and Healing
• How I Overcame Writer's Block
• The Significance of Storytelling in My Life

Engaging Narrative Essay Topics

• The Mystery of a Lost Treasure Map
• An Unlikely Friendship That Changed My Life
• A Day in the Life of a Professional Athlete
• The Journey of Starting My Own Business
• A Haunting Experience in a Historic Place
• A Memorable Road Trip with Friends
• My Encounter with a Famous Celebrity
• The Day I Conquered My Greatest Fear
• An Adventure in a Foreign Land
• A Life-Altering Decision at a Crossroads

Narrative Essay Topics on Different Themes

Narrative essays allow you to share personal stories on various themes, such as funny moments, childhood memories, vacations, and happy times. Here are some themes with topic ideas to inspire your creativity and reflection:

Funny Narrative Essay Topics

• The funniest thing that ever happened to me
• A time I embarrassed myself in public
• A prank that went hilariously wrong
• The day everything went wrong but turned out great
• My most awkward moment at school
• A silly misunderstanding
• A funny family tradition
• A comical incident with my pet
• The time I tried to cook and failed
• A laughable sports mishap

Childhood Narrative Essay Topics

• My first day of school
• A memorable playdate with friends
• A childhood dream that came true
• A lesson I learned from my parents
• A favorite toy and the adventures we had
• The day I met my best friend
• A family trip from my childhood
• A time I got into trouble and how I handled it
• My favorite birthday as a child
• A special holiday memory

Vacations Narrative Essay Topics

• My best summer vacation ever
• An unexpected adventure during a vacation
• The most relaxing vacation I’ve had
• A family road trip
• A visit to a place I've always wanted to go
• An unforgettable experience at a resort
• Exploring nature on a camping trip
• The funniest moment on vacation
• A cultural experience in a new city
• The day I got lost on vacation

Narrative Essay Topics About Happy Moments

• The happiest day of my life
• A time I felt really proud of myself
• A moment of pure joy with family
• A celebration I'll never forget
• Achieving a goal I worked hard for
• A surprise that made me smile
• The day I made a new friend
• A happy memory with my pet
• A time I helped someone and felt happy
• A fun day at the park

Narrative Essay Topics About Pets

• The day I got my first pet
• A funny incident with my pet
• Training my pet
• The adventures of my pet and me
• A time my pet comforted me
• A day in the life of my pet
• My pet's quirky habits
• A time my pet saved the day
• How my pet changed my life
• A special bond with my pet

Narrative Essay Topics About Favorite Places

• My favorite place in my hometown
• A visit to a place of historical significance
• A place where I feel at peace
• The most beautiful place i've ever seen
• A hidden gem I discovered
• My favorite place to hang out with friends
• A place that holds special memories
• The best vacation spot i've been to
• A place I visit when I need inspiration
• A place that makes me feel happy

How to Choose a Topic for a Narrative Essay?

Choosing the right topic for your narrative essay can be a daunting task. Before you start writing, it is important to invest some time in researching and brainstorming. 

Here are a few tips to help guide you in selecting an interesting and engaging narrative essay topic: 

• Reflect on Your Personal Experiences: If you are writing about a personal narrative topic, consider the impactful moments in your life and think about experiences that have left a strong impression on you.
• Identify a Clear Message or Theme: Determine the central idea or theme of your narrative. Decide what lesson, insight, or emotion you want to convey.
• Engage Your Audience: Consider your target audience and what will resonate with them. Choose a topic that captures their interest and keeps them engaged.
• Play with Different Perspectives: Explore the option of incorporating different viewpoints. Combining personal and external perspectives can add depth to your narrative.
• Test Your Idea: Get feedback from a friend or classmate. Assess if your chosen topic is likely to resonate with your audience.
• Stay True to Your Voice: Balance considering your audience with being authentic. Let your unique voice and storytelling style shine through in your writing

Tips for Writing Narrative Essays

Once you have selected a topic for your narrative essay, it is time to start writing. 

Here are a few tips to keep in mind as you write your story: 

• Start with a Strong Hook: Begin your narrative essay with a captivating hook, such as an engaging anecdote, a thought-provoking question, or a vivid description. 
• Follow a Clear Structure: Organize your narrative essay outline with a clear structure. Most narratives follow a chronological order, but you can also use flashbacks or nonlinear storytelling when it serves your narrative. 
• Build Tension and Conflict:  Create tension and conflict in your narrative to add depth and maintain reader engagement. Whether it's a personal struggle, a moral dilemma, or an external challenge, these obstacles will keep readers eagerly anticipating what comes next.
• Revise and Edit:  After completing your first draft, take the time to revise and edit your work. Review it for grammar and spelling errors, but also examine the overall structure and flow of your narrative.
• Practice, Practice, Practice:  Like any form of writing, improving your narrative essay skills takes practice. Keep writing and experimenting with different topics, styles, and approaches to develop your storytelling abilities.

Before you start writing, make sure you read some narrative essay examples to learn how to organize your thoughts and structure your story.

In summary, no matter the type of essay you are writing about, you need a topic to start with. Our collection of narrative essay topics offers fresh, distinct ideas. 

These topics are crafted to ignite your creativity and captivate your audience. They cover a diverse range of experiences, making it easier for you to connect with your readers on a personal level.

Still, struggling to write a compelling narrative essay? MyPerfectWords.com  is here to help you out!

We stand as the most reliable narrative essay writing service with a specialized focus on crafting exceptional essays designed for high school and college students. Our customer support team is also available 24/7, request write my essays online whenever you need assistance.

Frequently Asked Questions

How are narrative essay topics different from other essay types.

Narrative essay topics are usually based on personal experiences, so they are more emotional and creative than other types of essays. Also, they are often more open-ended, so you have more freedom to choose what to write about. 

Where can I find good narrative essay topics?

There are a few ways to find good topics for your narrative essay. You can look through books or magazines for ideas, or search online for inspiration. You can also brainstorm with friends or family members to come up with ideas. 

What do I write a narrative essay about?

You can write a narrative essay about anything, but it is usually based on personal experience. Try to recall interesting incidents from your life to develop a narrative about. 

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What are the differences between narrative and descriptive writing?

What are the differences between narrative and descriptive writing? What should we keep in mind while writing it?

• 2 Can you clarify this question by telling us where you encountered these terms, and what the context is? This is difficult to answer otherwise. –  Goodbye Stack Exchange Commented Jun 9, 2014 at 5:45

7 Answers 7

Narrative writing tells a story or part of a story.

Descriptive writing vividly portrays a person, place, or thing in such a way that the reader can visualize the topic and enter into the writer’s experience.

See here and here .

So in narrative writing, the writer is perfectly capable of telling you the plot of the story, while in descriptive writing there does not have to be a plot, but something has to become very easy for the reader to visualize.

Let's look at the Lord of the Rings. The way J.R.R. Tolkien describes a hobbit is very descriptive, and the reason the movies were so successful was not only because the story was told correctly (the book being narrative writing also), but because the readers did not have to come up with their own imagination of a hobbit (or other figures, places, and such). They were described in detail, giving everybody a very precise framework of imagination to work from. Therefore everybody could relate to and agree upon the characters and the make-up of the artists.

• @malach how do I know, that I should stop description and go on narration? –  gaussblurinc Commented Apr 16, 2013 at 17:28
• 1 The 'here' and 'here' links a broken –  alan Commented Mar 16, 2017 at 17:35
• Descriptive Writing paints pictures with words or recreates a scene or experience for the reader.
• Narrative Writing on the other hand, relates a series of events either real or imaginary or chronologically arranged and from a particular point of view.

For short, the descriptive is to describe and the narrative is to tell information.

Narrative - is when the author is narrating a story or part of a story. Usually, it has introduction, body and its conclusion. It let readers create their own imagination. It may be exact as what the author wants to express or not.

Descriptive - describing what the author wants to impart. It expresses emotion about its certain topic. It leads the way and not letting you fall out of nowhere.

Differences Narration often employs first person point of view, using words like "I" and "me," while other modes including description do not. The biggest difference between the two is that a narrative essay includes action, but the descriptive essay does not. Narration follows a logical order, typically chronological. In contrast, description typically contains no time elements, so organize descriptive essays by some other reasonable means, such as how you physically move around in a space or with a paragraph for each of the senses you use to describe.

The core of narrative writing is strong verbs. Descriptive writing might have some verbs, usually weak ones, but the main tools are nouns and adjectives.

Narrative writing involves the writer's personal experience and he tells it in the form of story.. e.g my first day at college descriptive writing involves the characters observed by five senses and does not contain a plot

• 1 Can you add a contrast to what descriptive writing is? And maybe provide some links to support this? –  Nicole Commented May 12, 2015 at 18:42
• 2 Can you edit to expand this? We're looking for longer answers that explain why and how, not just one-liners. Thanks. –  Monica Cellio Commented Jan 13, 2016 at 23:39

Narrative is the experience of the narrator in his own words whereas descriptive story is analysis of any topic desired..

• 3 "descriptive story is analysis of any topic desired" By that logic, an academic essay or a political polemic would be descriptive writing. –  Goodbye Stack Exchange Commented Oct 27, 2014 at 2:49
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Political factor: Structure of Business Structure of Business SS 3 Commerce First Term Week 8 Topic: Structure of Business Content- Organizatonal structure Organizational Chart Authority and Responsibility, Span of Control, Scaler Chain of Command, Unity of Command and Unity of Direction ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE Organisational structure is simply the allocation or division of responsibilities and functions to the different component of an organisation and the educator in Lastest Updates admin in Others MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE admin in agric jss1 FORMS OF AGRICULTURE Types of agriculture, branches of agriculture, crop plant form, crop plant form ii, crop plant form (monocotyledon and dicotyledon), construction of vegetable beds. FOR 1. LESSON NOTES 2. LESSON PLAN 3. TEACHING TECHNIQUES 4. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS JUST LOGIN : « - Copyright 2018-2025 @ . All rights reserved. See : Every myteacher Forum member is for that he/she or on this forum. || || || || . facebook : Twitter : Advertisement J.D. Vance on the Issues, From Abortion to the Middle East Like Donald J. Trump, the Ohio senator has been skeptical of American intervention overseas and argues that raising tariffs will create new jobs. Share full article By Adam Nagourney Published July 15, 2024 Updated July 17, 2024 Senator J.D. Vance of Ohio, Donald J. Trump’s newly chosen running mate, has made a shift from the Trump critic he was when he first entered politics to the loyalist he is today. It was a shift both in style and substance: Now, on topics as disparate as trade and Ukraine, Mr. Vance is closely aligned with Mr. Trump. Here’s a look at where the senator stands on the issues that will most likely dominate the campaign ahead and, should Mr. Trump and Mr. Vance win in November, their years in the White House. Mr. Vance opposes abortion rights, even in the case of incest or rape, but says there should be exceptions for cases when the mother’s life is in danger. He praised the U.S. Supreme Court decision overturning Roe v. Wade. As he ran for Senate in 2022, a headline on the issues section of his campaign website read simply: “Ban Abortion.” Mr. Vance has said that he would support a 15-week national ban proposed by Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina. He has also said the matter is “primarily a state issue,” suggesting states should be free to make more restrictive laws. “Ohio is going to want to have a different abortion policy from California, from New York, and I think that’s reasonable, he said in an interview with USA Today Network in October 2022. Mr. Vance has been one of the leading opponents of U.S. support for Ukraine in the war with Russia. “I think it’s ridiculous that we’re focused on this border in Ukraine,” he said in a podcast interview with Stephen K. Bannon, the former Trump adviser and longtime ally. “I’ve got to be honest with you, I don’t really care what happens to Ukraine one way or the other.” He led the battle in the Senate, unsuccessfully, to block a $60 billion military aid package for Ukraine. “I voted against this package in the Senate and remain opposed to virtually any proposal for the United States to continue funding this war,” he wrote in an opinion essay for The New York Times early this year challenging President Biden’s stance on the war. “Mr. Biden has failed to articulate even basic facts about what Ukraine needs and how this aid will change the reality on the ground.” We are having trouble retrieving the article content. Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings. Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and  log into  your Times account, or  subscribe  for all of The Times. Thank you for your patience while we verify access. Already a subscriber?  Log in . Want all of The Times?  Subscribe . 286 IMAGES FREE 8+ Sample Narrative Essay Templates in MS Word Guidelines for writing a narrative essay How to Write a Narrative Essay What is a Narrative Essay What Is A Narrative Essay? Narrative Essay Examples And Writing Tips • 7ESL Best Topic Ideas For Narrative Essays VIDEO Narrative Essay Plot Structure Chapter 3 Section 1: What is a narrative? Narrative Essay Project Group 2 || Paragraph Writing Narrative Essay Writing Part 2 English Jss1 Wk1 (IDOMATIC EXPRESION) English Narrative Essay for Upper Primary: Lost in the Jungle COMMENTS Lesson note on English Language Jss1 First Term The four major types of essays address these purposes. Narrative Essay. A narrative essay relates mainly, a sequence of events. It tells what happened and how it happened and is often indistinguishable from a short story. Characteristics of Narrative Essay. 1. It must have beginning that is interesting and arresting. 2. Jss1 English Language First Term E-learning Note Find on this page, the complete JSS1 English Language e-note for first term, a week by week lesson note. See well planned e-note for learning and teaching in Nigerian schools. ... Narrative Essay. A narrative essay relates mainly, a sequence of events. It tells what happened and how it happened and is often indistinguishable from a short story. composition (Narrative Essay) A narrative essay is a piece of writing that tells a story. It could be based on real events or entirely fictional, but the key is to engage your reader through vivid storytelling. Here are some essential tips to help you craft a compelling narrative essay: Here's the basic structure: Introduction: Grab your reader's attention! Set the scene ... PDF English Studies Junior Secondary School (Jss 1) First Term Narrative Essay - The Most Memorable Day of My Life. 5.5 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH I. Drama - Features (Theme, Costumes, Audience and so on). II. Identification of the features of drama in a given text. 6.1 SPEECH WORK Vowel Sound - / ə / sound 6.2 GRAMMAR Tenses - The Past Continuous Tense ENGLISH LANGUAGE JSS1 17 Comments / By ClassPrefect / September 19, 2019. On this page, get all English Language JSS1 topics from First Term to Third Term. Find them below, study them and excel in your examinations. Get more class notes, videos, homework help, exam practice on Android [DOWNLOAD] Get more class notes, videos, homework help, exam practice on iPhone ... JSS 1 English Language Scheme of Work ( 1st, 2nd, 3rd Term) Detailed JSS1 English Language scheme of work, designed for a structured and engaging curriculum. This JSS 1 English Language Scheme of Work covers the entire 1st, 2nd, and 3rd terms, offering you a well-defined roadmap to engage and empower your students. ... Narrative Essay - The Most Memorable Day of My Life. 5.5 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH ... Lesson note on English Studies JSS 1 First Term An essay is a written composition of moderate length explaining a particular issue or subject matter. In writing an essay, we must consider the following types of essays which are : (a) Narrative essay (b) Descriptive essay (c) Argumentative essay (d) Expository essay. Narrative Essay: this is a type of essay that you are made to tell a story. Composition Writing: Narrative Micheal Osisami. 37 Lessons Taught. 4.6 Teacher Rating. Learn online with very engaging video lessons, ebooks and audio lessons. Scheme Of Work For English Language JSS 1 (First, Second ... While the scheme of work for 2nd term covers Subject and object pronouns and possession, Debate writing, Vocabulary associated with the market literary appreciation, Singular and plural verbs, The verb phrase. Prepositions, Native Essay and so on. Please refer towards the end of the post to see details in full. English Studies Lesson Note For JSS1 (First Term) 2024 An essay is a written composition of moderate length explaining a particular issue or subject matter. In writing an essay, we must consider the following types of essays which are: (a) Narrative essay (b) Descriptive essay (c) Argumentative essay (d) Expository essay. Narrative Essay: this is a type of essay that you are made to tell a story. English Language JSS1 First Term CONTENT. In the literary sense, a composition (from the Latin "to put together") is the way a writer assembles words and sentences to create a coherent and meaningful work. The composition can also mean the activity of writing, the nature of the subject of a piece of writing, the piece of writing itself, and the name of a college course ... Free English Language Lesson Note JSS1 Some words have one syllable (monosyllabic), and some words have many syllables (polysyllabic). New vowels sounds create new syllables. • long. This word has one syllable. There is only one vowel sound, created by the "o.". • shame. Free English Language Lesson Note JSS 1, make learning English fun and effective for your students. ENGLISH LANGUAGE: Second term's scheme of work for JSS 1 Tamuno Reuben - January 15, 2018. Share. All junior secondary school teachers and students of English should have this for proper prior preparation. SECOND TERM'S SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS 1. WEEK 1. Resumption Test (It can also be used for revision of last term's work). WEEK 2. i. Reading comprehension. Lesson Plan On Parts of Speech (JSS1 First Term English Language) Descriptive essay is close to narrative essay because "past tense" may be used. Outline or features of a descriptive essay. (i) topic (ii) introduction (iii) body of the essay (iv) conclusion. ... Second and Third Term Secondary School Lesson Notes For JSS1 To SS3 For N152,000 N30,000. Lesson note English Studies For JSS 1 Second Term TOPIC: Composition (Narrative Essay) A narrative is a recount of past experience or shared experience of the past. In everyday life, we often need to give an account or a report of an event or something that happened in the past, when we do this, we are involved in narration. ... English Studies Lesson notes for JSS1 Second term - Edudelight ... Narrate a personal experience that taught you a... - JSS1 English Language ESSAY WRITING, MEANING AND DEFINITION/ TYPES OF ESSAY Question Narrate a personal experience that taught you a valuable life lesson. Reflect on the challenges you faced, the lessons learned, and how it shaped your perspective. English Studies Lesson Note For JSS1 (Second Term) 2024 week five: - vowel /З:/, the present continuous tense, narrative essay and drama. week six: - vowel /Ə/, the past continuous tense and argumentative essay: arranging ideas in a logical way. week seven: - vowel /Þ/ and /ᴐ:/, making sentence with simple present tense, expository essay and myths and legends 160+ Topic Ideas for Narrative Essays [2024 Edition] 1.9 Personal Narrative Stories Ideas on Traveling and Holidays. 1.10 Personal Narrative Ideas on Morality and Religion. 1.11 Narrative Essay Topics on Politics and Current Events. 1.12 Interesting Narrative Essay Topics About Health. 1.13 Narrative Essay Topics on Technology and Video Games. 1.14 Overview. In academic practice, the narrative ... 50 Narrative Essay Topics A weird encounter with a stranger. A random act of kindness. A time that you took a stand for someone or for an issue that you care about. A moment when you thought you might get hurt but didn't. Breaking a bone (or otherwise suffering an injury). Your first time away from home for the night (or longer). 1ST TERM JSS1 ENGLISH LANGUAGE Scheme of Work and Note The four major types of essays address these purposes. Narrative Essay. A narrative essay relates mainly, a sequence of events. It tells what happened and how it happened and is often indistinguishable from a short story. Characteristics of Narrative Essay. 1. It must have beginning that is interesting and arresting. 2. 100+ Interesting Narrative Essay Topics For Your Next Paper Here we've made a list of simple and fun narrative essay topics to help your essay stand out. So, keep reading to find the perfect narrative essay idea for you! 1. Narrative Essay Topics for Students. 2. Unique Narrative Essay Topics for Students. 3. Narrative Essay Topics on Different Themes. What are the differences between narrative and descriptive writing? 1. Narrative - is when the author is narrating a story or part of a story. Usually, it has introduction, body and its conclusion. It let readers create their own imagination. It may be exact as what the author wants to express or not. Descriptive - describing what the author wants to impart. site jss1 lesson JSS1 JSS2 JSS3 SS1 SS2 SS3; Grammar (Adjective), Comprehension and Narrative Essay / Jss1 / ... Posted in classroom. Grammar (Adjective), Comprehension and Narrative Essay English Language JSS 1 First Term Week 4 Contents: Speech Work Adjectives Comprehension Narrative Essay Speech Work: Vowel Sound /I/ This sound is a short sound. For example ... J.D. Vance on the Issues, From Abortion to the Middle East Like Donald J. Trump, the Ohio senator has been skeptical of American intervention overseas and argues that raising tariffs will create new jobs. By Adam Nagourney Senator J.D. Vance of Ohio ... assignment essay homework paper phd report resume review speech thesis