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Essay on Deforestation

Deforestation is a removal or clearing of trees and forest which is converted into use for human, like for agricultural use, making houses, for commercial purpose and other development. About 31% of earth’s land surface is covered by forest, just over 4 billion hectares area and about 71.22 million hectares area of India’s total land is covered by forest. Deforestation is more extreme in the tropical and subtropical forests. These areas are converted into economical uses. The total area of tropical rain forest on Earth is about 16 million square kilometres but because of deforestation, only 6.2 square kilometres are left. According to the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, the global rate of net forest loss in 2010-2020 was 7 million hectares per year.

Causes of Deforestation

The primary reason for deforestation is agricultural. According to FAQ, agriculture leads to around 80% of deforest. For the survival of the livelihood, the farmer cut trees of the forest and use that land for the purpose of cultivation. Due to the increasing population, the demand of food product is also increasing, because of this large amount of land is needed for the cultivation of crops hence farmers are bounded to cut down the forest to grow crops on that land.

Apart from this, the demand for paper, match-sticks, furniture, etc. are also increasing. Therefore the wood-based industries needs a substantial amount of wood supply to make this product. Paper plays an important role in everyone life. The paper is thrown away every year like to make accounts for approximately 640 million trees. That’s why it is said that we always have to recycle paper. Wood is used as fuel, many people cut trees and burn them for the purpose to make food. Wood is also used as coal. In every house, there is a wooden door, window and many more things. These things create a very large demand for wood which results in the cause of deforestation.

Further, to gain access to these places, the construction of roads is undertaken. Trees are again cut to build roads. The expansion of cities is also responsible for the cutting of trees, this expansion of cities is directly responsible for the growing population, people of these places need houses, roads and other facilities so that they cut trees for their livelihood.

Many industries in petrochemicals release their waste into rivers, which result in soil erosion and make it unfit to grow plants and trees on these places. The oil and coal mining requires a large amount of forest land. The waste that comes out from mining pollutes the environment and affects other species.

Another reason is forest fire. Thousands of trees every year lost by a forest fire. The reason for forest fire is the hot temperature of that place and milder winter. On many places, the fire is caused because of human’s irresponsibilities. Fires, either caused by human or by nature, results in a massive amount of loss of forest covers.

We all know that the population of the world is increasing rapidly, which is also a reason behind deforestation. People cut down trees and on that place they make houses.

Effect of Deforestation

Forest are the lungs of our planet. Trees take carbon dioxide and release oxygen which is responsible for our living. Trees also provide shed to soil because of which soil remain moist. Trees also release water vapours, that’s why climate remains humid but due to the process of deforestation the climate becomes drier and hotter which make ecology difficult that leads to climate change. Also, this factor is mainly responsible for the forest fire.

Animal and plants which form flora and fauna across the world have to suffer due to the deforestation. Various animal species are lost, they loos their habitat and forced to move to a new location. It is very difficult for them to adopt new habitats. The cutting of trees is responsible for soil erosion. The fertile soil is held in place by intricate root structures of many layers of trees. Without trees, erosion often occurs and sweeps the land into nearby rivers. With the cutting of trees the soil is directly exposed to the sun which dries them dry. Deforestation is mainly responsible for floods, loss of biodiversity, food ecosystem, wildlife extinction and habitat loss.

FAQs on Deforestation Essay for Students in English

Question 1:- How Deforestation is Responsible for Land Degradation?

Answer:-Trees provide shed to soil because of which soil remain humid. Also, the fertile soil is held in place by intricate root structures of many layers of trees. When the trees are cut down then the soil becomes loose and also there is no shed for soil which results in soil erosion. So, we concluded that trees prevent soil erosion and thus land degradation.

Question 2:- What are the Causes of Deforestation?

Answer:- There are several reasons for deforestation like agriculture, logging, cattle ranching, for making furniture from wood, constriction of roads and forest fire.

Question 3:- Where is the Largest Rainforest Located in the World?

Answer:- The largest rainforest is the Amazon Basin in South America.

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Essay on Deforestation

List of essay on deforestation in english, essay on deforestation – essay 1 (150 words), essay on deforestation – essay 2 (250 words), essay on deforestation – essay 3 (300 words), essay on deforestation: causes and drawbacks – essay 4 (400 words), essay on deforestation: with causes and solution – essay 5 (500 words), essay on deforestation: introduction, impact, control and conclusion – essay 6 (650 words), essay on deforestation: causes and effects – essay 7 (750 words), essay on deforestation: with solution – essay 8 (1000 words).

Introduction:

Deforestation is the process of clearing trees and forest for other uses. Deforestation usually occurs due to city expansion. As habitats increase in cities, there is a need to create more space the for homes, organizations, and factories. This, however, has a damning effect on our environment.

Effect of Deforestation on the Environment:

Deforestation means fewer trees and more land. This has a serious adverse effect on our environment. On one hand, deforestation makes some animals homeless. Animals that survive in the forest might go extinct with less forest. On the other hand, deforestation is also the biggest cause of climate change around the world.

Preventing Deforestation:

Reducing or preventing deforestation is easier said than done. This is because trees are cut down because there is a pressing need to do so. Thus, to prevent deforestation we must try to reduce that need by making smarter choices in paper usage, city planning, migration, etc.

Conclusion:

The essence of plant life in the forest is unquestionable. To ensure a greener environment we must all join the efforts in reducing deforestation.

Deforestation is definitely one of the most troubling of all problems which has plagued our environment. It is important more than ever to take care of the green cover or else it can jeopardize the existence of life on Earth. It is owing to the presence of green trees that we get the oxygen needed to breathe in.

However, because of excessive exploitation by humans, it has been seen that the trees are being cut down mercilessly. This act of cleaning the green cover is known as deforestation.

Educate people:

The best way to handle the problem of deforestation is by making sure that we educate the masses regarding the importance of green cover. When people understand as to how deforestation is leading to grave consequences, they will get the incentive to plant trees rather than uproot them.

Protect the Environment:

As we have continued to exploit the environment in a way that it is hard to get things back to normal, it is now important to immediately start protecting the environment. A lot of natural calamities are occurring these days because the ecosystem balance has been disturbed. Deforestation alone is responsible for a major amount of problems.

So, you need to understand as to how you can come up with ways to excite people about planting more trees and doing their bit for the sake of the environment. Think of your children and grand children. If we continue with our aggressive deforestation campaigns, they are not likely to have a healthy environment for survival. Is that what we really want?

Deforestation can be defined as the removal of trees and clearing of forests for the personal and commercial benefits of human beings. Deforestation has emerged as one of the biggest man-made disasters recently. Every year, more and more trees and vegetation are being erased just to fulfill the various needs of the human race.

Deforestation happens for many reasons. The growing population is one of them. Rising human population needs more area for residential purpose. For this, forests are either burned down or cut to make space for constructing homes and apartments.

Deforestation is also done for commercial purposes. This includes setting up of factories, industries, and towers, etc. The enormous requirements of feeding the human race also create a burden on the land. As a result, clearing land for agricultural purposes leads to deforestation.

Deforestation impacts our earth in several ways. Trees are natural air purifiers. They absorb the carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen into the atmosphere. Deforestation results in uncontrolled air pollution. When there are fewer trees, there is lesser absorption of carbon dioxide and other pollutants.

Deforestation also disturbs the water cycle. Forests absorb the groundwater and release the water vapors to form clouds, which in turn cause rains. Roots of trees hold the soil intact and prevent floods. But when there are no trees, different kinds of natural calamities are bound to happen.

With deforestation, chances of floods, drought, global warming, and disturbed weather cycle all come into the play. Not only that, the disappearance of forests means the extinction of wild animals and plants, which are highly important parts of our ecosystem.

In order to curb these disasters, we must plant more trees. Restoration of existing vegetation is equally essential. Population control is another indirect method to save trees and forest areas.

Deforestation is the process of cutting down of trees and forests completely or partially for different reasons like manufacturing different products with various parts of the tree as raw material, to build structures and other buildings, etc. Deforestation in recent days has become the curse of our world that resulted in the destruction of nature and the environment.

Cause and Drawbacks:

Deforestation is mainly done for making better living assets for humans and this one side thought is the biggest drawback of this issue. Instead of doing only the cutting part humans should practice forestation along with deforestation. Whenever a tree or a forest is cut, another one should be planted at the same place or on other lands to promote the forestation.

Deforestation is the main cause for many natural deficiencies and the destruction of many animal, plant and bird species. If the practice of cutting down trees continues, then eventually even the world may get destructed along with the extinction of the human race.

It’s not like trees shouldn’t be used for any kind of production and urbanization or industrialization shouldn’t be done for the development, but the main factor is to compensate for every minus done. Through this, there will be a balancing between the reduction and plantation which will help, to an extent, in the rectification of problems faced by the world due to deforestation.

Deforestation has also affected the atmospheric air combination. The carbon content in the atmosphere has considerably increased over years due to many human activities like uncontrolled fuel combustion.

Forest has played a massive function of inhaling the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and exhaling oxygen during the daytime while they prepare food for themselves. This process is the reason for maintaining a balanced oxygen and carbon level in the atmosphere and that makes the life of us humans to breathe free.

Population growth is undeniably the major factor behind the increased deforestation level. The increased demand for more assets for better living has increased the need for deforestation as well. In such cases forestation should also be made as a follow-up process.

Controlling the overuse of assets can also help in reducing the deforestation rate. If humans start to use products that use a tree as raw material reasonably then it will help in avoiding deforestation as well. Deforestation not only is a life-threatening scenario for many animals and birds, but also the whole human species.

Deforestation refers to the elimination of plants and trees from a region. Deforestation also includes the clearing of jungles and plants from the region due to the numerous commercial motives.

Different Causes of Deforestation:

The below are the different causes of deforestation:

1. Overgrazing:

Overgrazing in jungles finishes recently renewed development. It makes the soil additional compact and invulnerable. The fertility of the soil also reduces owing to the devastation of organic substance. Overgrazing also results in the desertification and the soil erosion. Deforestation results in decreasing the overall soil’s productivity.

2. Shifting Cultivation:

Numerous agriculturalists destroy the jungle for farming and commercial motives and once productiveness of soil is shattered owing to recurrent harvesting, a fresh forest region is devastated. Hence, farmers must be recommended to utilize a similar area for agriculture and use some upgraded farming techniques and stop the deforestation.

3. Fuel Wood:

The maximum amount of forest is destroyed for the fuel wood. Around 86% of the fuel wood is utilized in rural regions in comparison to the 14% in urban parts and hence lead to more deforestation.

4. Forest Fires:

Recurrent fires in the forest regions are one of the major reasons of deforestation. Few incidents of fires are minor whereas the maximum of them are huge.

The industries related to the plywood and timber is mostly accountable for the deforestation. In fact, the huge demand for wooden things has resulted in the quick reduction of the forest.

6. Industry Establishment:

At times the industrial unit is constructed after deforestation. It means for a small achievement of few people, all other people have to bear a permanent loss. In this procedure, wild animals, valuable plant, and unusual birds get devastated. In fact, it adversely affects the quality of the environment.

7. Violation of Forest:

One more reason of deforestation is a violation by tribal on the land of forest for cultivation and other motives. Even though such type of land has a virtuous support for agriculture creation but still it creates environmental threats.

8. Forest Diseases:

Numerous diseases are instigated by rusts, parasitic fungi, nematodes and viruses that result in demise and deterioration of jungle. Fresh saplings are devastated owing to the occurrence of nematodes. Numerous diseases like blister rust, heart rot, and phloem necrosis, oak will, and Dutch elm, etc. destroy the jungle in large quantities.

9. Landslide:

The landslide lead to the deforestation in the mountains is a question of worry. It happened largely in the regions where growing actions are proceeding for the previous few years. The building of highways and railways mainly in hilly lands as well as the structure of large irrigation plans have resulted in enough deforestation and speeded the natural procedure of denudation.

Worldwide Solution for the Deforestation:

The jungle is an essential natural reserve for any nation and deforestation slow down a nation’s growth. To encounter the necessities of the growing population, simple resources might be attained only with the help of afforestation. It is actually the arrangement of implanting plants for food and food growth. Moreover, the nurseries have a significant part in increasing the coverage of the forest area.

Deforestation is the cutting down of trees. It is basically changing the use of land to a different purpose other than the planting of trees.

There are many reasons which have led to large levels of deforestation all over the world. One of the major causes is ever growing population of the world. With the growth in population, the need for more land to live has been rising. This has further led to cutting down of trees. Also, with modernisation, there has been a substantial increase in the requirement of land for setting up of industries. This has again contributed to deforestation.

Mining is another activity of humans which has led to large-scale deforestation in many areas. The need to build road and rail network in order to increase connectivity to the mines has led to cutting down of trees. This has altered the climatic conditions in these areas.

Deforestation has had a huge impact on the environment. Lack of trees has led to less release of water vapour in the air. This has, in turn, led to the alteration of rainfall patterns in different regions. India is a country which is dependent on monsoon rains for agriculture. Frequent droughts and floods caused due to deforestation have affected the lives of many in different parts of the country.

Moreover, trees absorb the carbon-dioxide from the air and help to purify it. Without trees around us, the presence of harmful gases in the air has been rising. This has also led to global warming which is again a major environmental concern. Also, the ever-rising pollution level, especially in many cities in India is due to vast deforestation only.

Additionally, trees bind the soil around them and prevent soil erosion. Deforestation has led to the soil being washed away with winds and rain, making the land unfit for agriculture. Also, trees and forests are the homes to different species of wildlife. With shrinking forests, several of the wildlife has become extinct as they were not able to cope with the changing conditions. Also, there have been increased man and wildlife conflicts in recent times as the animals are forced to venture in the cities in search of food. All these are severe effects of deforestation and need urgent attention by all.

The Perfect Example:

New Delhi is the capital of India. There was once a time when Delhi was a beautiful city. But with modernisation, increase in population, deforestation and mining in the nearby Aravalli hills, Delhi has been reduced to a gas chamber. Such is the impact the Delhi has become one of the most polluted cities in the world. What better example can be there to understand what deforestation has led us to?

There are many ways in which we can reduce deforestation. We must protect our forests. Moreover, we must mark adequate land for our farming needs. There are some laws already in place which prohibit people from unnecessary felling of trees. What needs to be done is the proper execution of the rules so that everyone abides by it. Also, stricter punishments need to be in place for violators so as to deter other people from disobeying the laws. Alternatively, people need to ensure that for every tree felled, equal numbers of trees are planted so that the balance of nature can be maintained. Summarily, it has to be a collective duty of all and just the governments alone, if we really need to reduce deforestation.

It is true that we all need space to live. With the ever-growing population and urbanisation, there has been more than ever need to cut trees and make space. However, we must realise that it is not possible for us to live without having trees around us. Trees bring so many benefits such as giving us oxygen, utilising the harmful carbon dioxide and so many products we need in our daily lives. Without trees around us, there would be no life on the earth. We should all do the needful to protect trees and reduce deforestation.

Deforestation is also known as clearing or clearance of trees. It can be said to mean removal of strands of trees or forests and the conversion of such area of land to a use that is totally non-forest in nature. Some deforestation examples are the converting of areas of forest to urban, ranches or farms use. The area of land that undergoes the most deforestation is the tropical rainforests. It is important to note that forests cover more than 31 percent in total land area of the surface of the earth.

There are a lot of different reasons why deforestation occurs: some tree are being cut down for building or as fuel (timber or coal), while areas of land are to be used as plantation and also as pasture to feed livestock. When trees are removed with properly replacing them, there can as a result be aridity, loss of biodiversity and even habitat damage. We have also had cases of deforestation used in times of war to starve the enemy.

Causes of Deforestation:

It has been discovered that the major and primary deforestation cause is agriculture. Studies have shown that about 48 percent of all deforestation is as a result of subsistence farming and 32 percent of deforestation is as a result of commercial agriculture. Also, it was discovered that logging accounts for about 14% of the total deforestation and 5% is from the removal for fuel wood.

There has been no form of agreement from experts on if industrial form of logging is a very important contributing factor to deforestation globally. Some experts have argued that the clearing of forests is something poor people do more as a result of them not having other alternatives. Other experts are of the belief that the poor seldom clear forests because they do not have the resources needed to do that. A study has also revealed that increase in population as a result of fertility rates that are very high are not a major driver of deforestation and they only influenced less than 8% of the cases of deforestation.

The Environmental Effects of Deforestation:

Deforestation has a lot of negative effects on our planet and environment.

A few of the areas where it negatively affects our environment are discussed below:

i. Atmospheric Effect:

Global warming has deforestation as one of its major contributing factors and deforestation is also a key cause of greenhouse effect. About 20% of all the emission of greenhouse gases is as a result of tropical deforestation. The land in an area that is deforested heats up quicker and it gets to a temperature that is higher than normal, causing a change in solar energy absorption, flow of water vapours and even wind flows and all of these affects the local climate of the area and also the global climate.

Also, the burning of plants in the forest in order to carry out clearing of land, incineration cause a huge amount of carbon dioxide release which is a major and important contributor to the global warming.

ii. Hydrological Effect:

Various researches have shown that deforestation greatly affects water cycle. Groundwater is extracted by trees through the help of their roots; the water extracted is then released into the surrounding atmosphere. If we remove a part of the forest, there will not be transpiration of water like it should be and this result in the climate being a lot drier. The water content of the soil is heavily reduced by deforestation and also atmospheric moisture as well as groundwater. There is a reduced level of water intake that the trees can extract as a result of the dry soil. Soil cohesion is also reduced by deforestation and this can result in landslides, flooding and erosion.

iii. Effect on Soil:

As a direct result of the plant litter on the surface, there is a minimal and reduced erosion rate in forests largely undisturbed. Deforestation increases the erosion rate as a result of the subsequent decrease in the quantity of cover of litter available. The litter cover actually serves as a protection for the soil from all varieties of surface runoff. When mechanized equipments and machineries are used in forestry operations, there can be a resulting erosion increase as a result of the development of roads in the forests.

iv. Effect on Biodiversity:

There is a biodiversity decline due to deforestation. Deforestation can lead to the death and extinction of a lot of species of animals and plants. The habitat of various animals are taken away as a result of deforestation.

The total coverage of forests on the earth’s landmass is 30 percent and the fact the people are destroying them is worrying. Research reveals that majority of the tropical forests on earth are being destroyed. We are almost at half the forest landmass in destruction. How would earth look life without forests? It will be a total disaster if deforestation is encouraged. Deforestation is a human act in which forests are permanently destroyed in order to create settlement area and use the trees for industries like paper manufacture, wood and construction. A lot of forests have been destroyed and the impact has been felt through climate change and extinction of animals due to destruction of the ecosystem. The impacts of deforestation are adverse and there is need to prevent and control it before it can get any worse.

Deforestation is mainly a human activity affected by many factors. Overpopulation contributed to deforestation because there is need to create a settlement area for the increasing number of people on earth and the need for urbanization for economic reasons. Recently, population has greatly risen in the world and people require shelter as a basic need. Forests are destroyed in order for people to find land to build a shelter and then trees are further cut to build those houses. Overpopulation is a major threat to the forest landmass and if not controlled, people will continue to occupy the forests until there is no more forest coverage on earth.

Another factor influencing deforestation is industrialization. Industries that use trees to manufacture their product e.g. paper and wood industries have caused major destruction of forests. The problem with industries is the large-scale need for trees which causes extensive deforestation. The use of timber in industries is a treat to forests all over the world. In as much as we need furniture, paper and homes, it is not worth the massive destruction of our forests.

Fires are also a cause of deforestation. During episodes of drought, fire spreads widely and burns down trees. The fire incidences could result from human activities like smoking or charcoal burning in the forests. Drought due to adverse weather changes in global warming is a natural disaster that claim the lives of people and living things.

Agricultural activities such as farming and livestock keeping also cause deforestation because of the land demand in those activities. Deforestation for farming purpose involves clearing all the vegetation on the required land and using it for and then burring the vegetation hence the name ‘slash and burn agriculture’. The ranches required for cattle keeping among other livestock require a large area that is clear from trees.

Impacts of Deforestation:

Deforestation has a great impact on the ecosystem in different ways. Climate change is influenced by deforestation because trees influence weather directly. Trees usually act to protect against strong winds and erosion but in its absence, natural disasters like floods and storms could be experienced. Also, tree are important in replenishing the air in the atmosphere. Trees have the ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen. Without trees, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will be increased. Because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, it causes global warming.

Global warming is a serious environmental issue that causes adverse climatic changes and affects life on earth. Extreme weather conditions like storms, drought and floods. These weather conditions are not conducive for humans and other living things on earth. Natural disasters as a result of global warming are very destructive both to animate and inanimate objects in the environment.

Loss of species due to deforestation has negatively affected biodiversity. Biodiversity is a highly valued aspect of life on earth and its interruption is a loss. There is a loss of habitat for species to exist in as a result of deforestation and therefore species face extinction. Extinction of some rare species is a threat we are currently facing. Animals that live and depend on forest vegetation for food will also suffer and eventually die of hunger. Survival has been forced on animals of the jungle due to deforestation and that is why human wildlife conflict is being experienced.

The water cycle on earth is negatively affected by deforestation. The existence of water vapor in the atmosphere is maintained by trees. Absence of trees cause a reduced vapor retention in the atmosphere which result in adverse climate changes. Trees and other forest vegetation are important in preventing water pollution because they prevent the contaminated runoff into water sources like rivers, lakes and oceans. Without trees, pollution of water is more frequent and therefore the water will be unsafe for consumption by human and animals.

Solutions to Deforestation:

Based on the serious impact of deforestation, it is only safe if solutions are sought to end this problem. The ultimate solution is definitely restoration of the forest landmass on earth. The restoration can be done by encouraging the planting of trees, a process called reforestation. Although reforestation will not completely solve the impacts of deforestation, it will restore a habitat for the wild animals and slowly restore the ecosystem. Major impacts like concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere require another approach. Human activities that contribute to carbon dioxide gas emission to the atmosphere have to be reduced through strict policies for industries and finding alternative energy sources that do not produce greenhouse gases.

Another solution is public awareness. People have to be made aware that deforestation has negative effects so that they can reduce the act. Through awareness, people can also be taught on ways of reducing the population e.g., family planning. On World Environment Day, people are encouraged to participate in activities like tree planting in order to conserve environment and that is how the awareness takes place.

In conclusion, deforestation is a human activity that is destructive and should be discouraged. Environmental conservation is our responsibility because we have only one earth to live in.

Deforestation , Environment , Forests

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Deforestation Causes and Effects Essay

Deforestation refers to the act of clearing trees without replacing them. This often happens when someone is creating land for uses such as settlement and cultivation, among others (Spilsbury 9). Currently, it is one of the biggest threats to human life, owing to the fact that forests provide a support system for all living organisms. Forests are a crucial element of the ecosystem, and human beings have an ethical responsibility to conserve them. However, due to natural occurrences and human activities, a lot of forest cover is lost every year. Deforestation is a global challenge that has caused a lot of pain in different parts of the world. Finding a lasting solution to the problem of deforestation is of paramount importance because its effects are unmanageable.

The challenge of deforestation has existed for centuries, leading to the loss of a huge percentage of forest cover across the world. One of the major causes of deforestation is the increasing need for fuel (Spilsbury 12). It also happens due to the need for more settlement land, the growth of the global timber industry that has increased the demand for commercial items such as furniture, as well as the scarcity of adequate land for cultivation. Wildfires are also a contributor to deforestation, albeit in small percentages compared to the other causes (Spilsbury 19). People should be more environmentally conscious because forest clearing is destroying the ecosystem.

Deforestation causes serious effects on the environment. One of the major effects is the loss of natural habitats for thousands of species. Forests are an essential support system for the livelihoods of many plants and wild animals. Climate change is also caused by deforestation (Spilsbury 27). Over the last century, global weather patterns have drastically changed. Deforestation has resulted in irregular and extreme climatic conditions that have rendered life unbearable. The global temperatures have increased, while the amount of rainfall received has greatly reduced (Spilsbury 32). The lack of trees increases the effect of greenhouse gases, which in turn affects the life cycle.

Deforestation also leads to a general decline in the quality of life. Trees are essential in maintaining the water cycles, reducing soil erosion, and regulating the effect of greenhouse gases (Spilsbury 41). They also help to prevent all types of pollution, which is crucial in maintaining a high quality of life. This element should not be ignored because trees play an important role in the ecosystem. Effective management of deforestation will require all the relevant stakeholders to come up with a strong legal framework.

Deforestation is a serious global challenge that needs to be addressed as soon as possible. It is important for people to understand the value of trees with regard to maintaining the life cycle. This will help in encouraging good stewardship. Several causes of deforestation, such as clearing land for cultivation and settlement, are influenced by human activities. These activities have led to serious effects such as climate change, whose effects are costly to address. Proper coordination between respective government authorities and their citizens can lead to finding a lasting solution to this challenge. It is very important to protect the forests in order to avoid the loss of biodiversity, plant and animal species, as well as manage the effects of climate change.

Spilsbury, Richard. Deforestation . The Rosen Publishing Group, 2011.

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Deforestation: an Endless Debate

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• Marie-Claude Smouts  

Part of the book series: The CERI Series in International Relations and Political Economy ((CERI))

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Combating the destruction of tropical forest on a global scale is one thing, where to begin is another question. Deforestation is not a matter of trees and wildlife. It is a human endeavor that is tough, always brutal, sometimes tragic, each time specific. Not only are the definitions and dimensions of the forest area indefinite, but the overlapping of perceptions and the imbrication of responsibilities also form an inextricably complex system. The causes of deforestation can change in a single region over a very short period of time: in the Brazilian Amazon, for instance, the colossal construction projects (dams and Transamazonian highways) and the colonization policy conducted by the Brazilian government were the initial causes of deforestation. Then the expansion of large cattle raising schemes was considered to be the main source of pressure on the forest. Today, the combination of industrial logging and the recent launching of a huge infrastructure program pose new threats to the Amazon forest. 1

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The Avança Brasil program has planned major construction projects over the next 20 years to build roads, highways, hydraulic power stations, pipelines, high tension lines, and utility infrastructures that will cause lasting degradation of the Amazon forest. See William E. Laurance et al., “The Future of the Brazilian Amazon,” Science, January 19, 2001, pp. 438–439.

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Cited by Arild Angelsen and David Kaimowitz, “Rethinking the Causes of Deforestation: Lessons from Economic Models,” The World Bank Research Observer , 14 (1), February 1999, p. 74.

See Nigel Dudley, Jean-Paul Jeanrenaud, and Francis Sullivan, Bad harvest? The Timber Trade and the Degradation of the World’s Forests , London, Earthscan, 1996;

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The Rainforest Foundation et al., Life after Logging: The Impacts of Commercial Timber Extraction in Tropical Rainforests , June 1999;

Greenpeace, Buying Destruction. A Greenpeace report for corporate consumers of forest products , Greenpeace International Publications, August 1999.

See Gérard Buttoud, La forêt et l’Etat en Afrique sèche et â Madagascar , Paris, Karthala, 1995.

See P. Corte, J. Doat, and Ph. Girard, “Le bois-énergie hier et aujourd’hui,” Bois et Forêts des Tropiques , 252, 1997, pp. 55–63.

See Alan Grainger, Controlling Tropical Deforestation , London, Earthscan, 1993.

For an illustrated technical report, see Bernard Sellato, “La tradition du brûlis n’est pas responsable des incendies,” Géo , November 1997, pp. 164–165.

For a scientific account, see P. Levang, G. Michon, and H. de Foresta, “Agriculture forestière ou agroforesterie,” Bois et Forêts des Tropiques , 251, 1997, pp. 29–41.

See Frédéric Durand, Les forêts en Asie du Sud-Est. Le cas de l’Indonésie , Paris, L’Harmattan, 1994.

See Harold Brookfield (dir.), Transformation with Industrialization in Peninsular Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1994.

See Harold Brookfield, Lesley Potter, and Yvonne Byron, In Place of the Forest. Environment and Socio-economic Transformation in Borneo and the Eastern Malay Peninsula , Tokyo, United Nations University Press, 1995.

The World Bank, The Jengka Triangle Projects in Malaysia, Impact Evaluation Report, Washington, D.C., 1987.

See François Grison, “Le paradigme forestier,” Bois et Forêts des Tropiques , 260, 1999, p. 53.

Philip Hirsch, “Deforestation and Development in Thailand,” Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography , 8, 1987, pp. 129–138; Seeing Forests for Trees. Environment and Environmentalism in Thailand , Chiang Mai, Silkworm Books, 1997, pp. 15–36.

David M. Kummer, Deforestation in the Postwar Philippines , Manila, Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1992, p. 27.

Marie-Françoise Fleury, “Différents aspects de la filière bois en Amazonie brésilienne,” Bois et Forêts des Tropiques , 259, 1999, p. 59.

Pascal Delisle, Colonisation agricole et développement soutenable en forêt tropicale : pour une approche multidimensionnelle. Le cas de l’Amazonie colombienne , Doctoral dissertation in economics, University of Paris I-Panthéon-Sorbonne, 1999.

Nigel J. H. Smith, Emanuel A. S. Serrao, Paulo T. Alvim, and Italo C. Falesi, Amazonia, Resiliency and Dynamism of the Land and its People , Tokyo, United Nations University Press, 1995, “The Myth of Virginity,” p. 15.

V. de Reynal, M. G. Muchagata, O. Topall, and J. Hébette, Agricultures familiales et développpement en front pionnier amazonien , LASAT/CAT-GRET-DAT/UAG, Paris-Belém-Pointe-à-Pitre, 1997, p. 3 as well as

Hervé Théry (ed.), Environnement et développement en Amazonie brésilienne , Paris, Belin, 1997, p. 77.

Figures given on the basis of official Brazilian sources by A. L. Hall, Developing Amazonia. Deforestation and Social Conflict in Brazil’s Carajas Programme , Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1996, pp. 145–150.

They are also found in Richard Pasquis’ article “La déforestation en Amazonie brésilienne et son impact sur l’environnement,” Bois et Forêts des tropiques , 260, 1999, p. 57.

For the 1966–75 period, Hall ranks the causes of deforestation as follows: 38 percent due to cattle-raising (subsidized at 90 percent); 30 percent due to peasants (17 percent in the context of official resettlement, 13 percent spontaneous); 27 percent due to road building; 4 percent due to timber extraction; cited by Ans Kolk, Forests in International Environmental Politics. International Organizations, NGOs and the Brazilian Amazon, Utrecht, International Books , 1996, pp. 68–72.

Robert Faris, “Deforestation and Land Use on the Evolving Frontier: An Empirical Assessment,” Harvard Institute for International Development, February 1999.

Sven Wunder, The Economics of Deforestation, the Example of Ecuador , London, Macmillan, 2001.

Arid Angelsen and David Kaimowitz, “Rethinking the Causes of Deforestaion: Lessons from Economic Models,” The World Bank Research Observer , 14 (1), February 1999, pp. 73–98.

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William D. Sunderlin, “Crise économique et changements politiques en Indonésie. Premiers effets sur le secteur forestier,” Bois et Forêts des Tropiques , 260, 1999, pp. 80–83.

Agir ici-Survie, Le silence de la forêt, réseaux, mafias et filière bois au Cameroun , Paris, L’Harmattan, 2000. This little book is full of information, most of which unfortunately cannot be used given that it is incomplete and the sources are not quoted. The Geovic affair has raised public outrage, and the way it is related in this pamphlet concurs with widely circulated information that we have been given elsewhere, while taking into account the rumor factor, all the greater in Cameroon since the political-economic system is totally opaque.

World Bank, The Challenges of World Bank Involvement in Forests: An Evaluation of Indonesia’s Forests and World Bank Assistance, Washington, D.C., January 6, 2000, p. viii.

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Smouts, MC. (2003). Deforestation: an Endless Debate. In: Tropical Forests International Jungle. The CERI Series in International Relations and Political Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403981851_4

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Essay on Deforestation

Deforestation, the large-scale removal of forests, stands as one of the most critical environmental issues facing our planet today. This process, driven by various factors including agricultural expansion, logging, and urban development, has profound implications for the Earth’s biodiversity, climate, and human communities. This essay delves into the causes, effects, and possible solutions to deforestation, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of this complex issue.

Causes of Deforestation

Agricultural Expansion: The primary cause of deforestation is agricultural expansion. As the global population continues to grow, so does the demand for food, leading to the clearing of forests to create more land for crop production and livestock grazing. This practice is particularly prevalent in tropical regions, where vast areas of rainforest are lost every year.

Logging: Logging for timber and paper products contributes significantly to deforestation. Often, this logging is done illegally, further exacerbating the problem. The demand for wood products drives the continuous exploitation of forests, leading to their degradation and fragmentation.

Urban Development: The expansion of urban areas also leads to the clearing of forests. As cities grow, land is needed for housing, infrastructure, and industry, resulting in the loss of forested areas.

Mining: Mining operations, including the extraction of minerals and oil, require significant land clearing. These activities not only lead to the direct loss of forests but also pollute the environment, affecting both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Effects of Deforestation

Biodiversity Loss: Forests are home to over half of the world’s terrestrial species. Deforestation leads to the loss of habitat, pushing countless species towards extinction. This loss of biodiversity has severe implications for the ecological balance and the services ecosystems provide.

Climate Change: Forests play a critical role in regulating the Earth’s climate by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The removal of forests contributes to increased levels of greenhouse gases, leading to global warming and climate change. This has far-reaching effects on weather patterns, sea levels, and the frequency of extreme weather events.

Soil Erosion and Degradation: Trees help to bind the soil, preventing erosion. The removal of trees exposes soil to the elements, leading to increased erosion and loss of fertile land. This can result in decreased agricultural productivity and increased vulnerability to natural disasters such as landslides and floods.

Impact on Indigenous Communities: Many indigenous communities rely on forests for their livelihood, culture, and survival. Deforestation threatens their way of life, leading to conflicts over land and resources.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Deforestation

Advantages of deforestation.

• Agricultural Expansion : Deforestation allows for the expansion of agricultural lands, enabling farmers to grow more crops and rear livestock, which can help to feed the growing global population.
• Economic Growth : The timber industry benefits economically from deforestation through the sale of wood and wood products. Additionally, cleared land can be used for infrastructure development, contributing to economic growth.
• Urbanization and Development : Deforestation makes way for urban expansion, housing, and infrastructure projects, such as roads and schools, that are essential for community development and modernization.
• Energy Production : Trees are a source of biomass energy. Clearing forests can provide materials for biofuel production, contributing to energy diversification.

Disadvantages of Deforestation

• Loss of Biodiversity : Forests are home to a significant portion of the world’s terrestrial species. Deforestation leads to habitat loss, endangering plant and animal species, and contributing to extinction.
• Climate Change : Trees play a critical role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Their removal contributes to increased levels of CO2, exacerbating greenhouse gas effects and climate change.
• Soil Erosion and Degradation : Trees protect soil from erosion with their roots and canopies. Without this protection, soil is more susceptible to erosion, leading to loss of fertile land and sedimentation in rivers and lakes.
• Water Cycle Disruption : Forests contribute to the regulation of the water cycle by absorbing rainfall and releasing water vapor into the atmosphere. Deforestation disrupts these processes, leading to dryer climates and decreased water availability.
• Impact on Indigenous Communities : Many indigenous communities depend on forests for their livelihood, culture, and traditions. Deforestation can displace these communities and destroy their way of life.
• Loss of Natural Carbon Sink : Forests act as carbon sinks, absorbing more carbon than they emit. Deforestation not only releases the carbon stored in trees but also decreases the amount of carbon capture, contributing to global warming.
• Increased Greenhouse Gases : The burning of trees in the process of deforestation releases significant amounts of greenhouse gases, further contributing to climate change.

Solutions to Deforestation

Sustainable Agriculture: Implementing sustainable agricultural practices can reduce the need for new agricultural land. Techniques such as agroforestry, where crops are grown among or around trees, can help maintain forest cover while providing agricultural yield.

Responsible Logging: Promoting responsible logging practices and the use of certified wood products can help reduce the impact of logging on forests. This includes enforcing laws against illegal logging and encouraging the use of sustainably sourced timber.

Reforestation and Afforestation: Planting trees in deforested areas (reforestation) and creating new forests on non-forested land (afforestation) can help restore ecosystems. These efforts can also contribute to carbon sequestration, helping to mitigate climate change.

Protected Areas: Establishing protected areas and national parks can help conserve remaining forests and biodiversity. Enforcing these protected areas is crucial to preventing illegal activities that lead to deforestation.

Education and Awareness: Raising awareness about the importance of forests and the consequences of deforestation can lead to greater public support for conservation efforts. Education plays a key role in changing consumer behavior and influencing policy.

Deforestation poses a significant threat to our planet’s health, affecting biodiversity, climate, and human communities. The causes of deforestation are complex and interrelated, requiring a multifaceted approach to address. Solutions such as sustainable agriculture, responsible logging, reforestation, and conservation efforts, combined with education and awareness, can help mitigate the impacts of deforestation. It is imperative that governments, businesses, and individuals come together to protect and restore our planet’s forests. Only through collective action can we hope to preserve these vital ecosystems for future generations.

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Essay on Deforestation for Students and Children

500+ words essay on deforestation.

Deforestation is the cutting down of trees in the forest in a large number. Deforestation has always been a threat to our environment. But still many humans are continuing this ill practice. Moreover, Deforestation is causing ecological imbalance. Yet, some selfish people have to fill their pockets. Therefore they do not even think about it once. So, the government is trying countermeasures to avert the harm to the environment .

The main purpose of deforestation is to increase the land area. Also, this land area is to set up new industries. And, this all is because of the increase in population. As the population increases the demand for products also increase. So rich businessmen set up these industries to increase profit.

Harmful Effects of Deforestation

There are many harmful effects of deforestation. Some of them are below: Soil erosion: Soil erosion is the elimination of the upper layer of the soil. It takes place when there is removing of trees that bind the soil. As a result wind and water carries away the top layer of the soil.

Moreover, disasters like landslides take place because of this. Furthermore, soil erosion is responsible for various floods. As trees are not present to stop the waters from heavy rainfall’s gush directly to the plains. This results in damaging of colonies where people are living.

Global Warming: Global warming is the main cause of the change in our environment. These seasons are now getting delayed. Moreover, there is an imbalance in their ratios. The temperatures are reaching its extreme points. This year it was 50 degrees in the plains, which is most of all. Furthermore, the glaciers in the Himalayan ranges are melting.

As a result, floods are affecting the hilly regions of our country and the people living there. Moreover, the ratio of water suitable for drinking is also decreasing.

Impact on the water cycle: Since through transpiration, trees release soil water into the environment. Thus cutting of them is decreasing the rate of water in the atmosphere. So clouds are not getting formed. As a result, the agricultural grounds are not receiving proper rainfall. Therefore it is indirectly affecting humans only.

A great threat to wildlife: Deforestation is affecting wildlife as well. Many animals like Dodo, Sabre-toothed Cat, Tasmanian Tiger are already extinct. Furthermore, some animals are on the verge of extinction. That’s because they have lost habitat or their place of living. This is one of the major issues for wildlife protectors.

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How to Avert Deforestation?

Deforestation can be averted by various countermeasures. First of all, we should afforestation which is growing of trees in the forest. This would help to resolve the loss of the trees cut down. Moreover, the use of plant-based products should increase.

This would force different industries to grow more trees. As a result, the environment will also get benefit from it. Furthermore, people should grow small plants in their houses. That will help the environment to regain its ability. At last, the government should take strict actions against people. Especially those who are illegally cutting down trees.

FAQs on Essay on Deforestation

Q1. Why is deforestation harmful to our environment?

A1. Deforestation is harmful to our environment because it is creating different problems. These problems are soil erosion, global warming. Moreover, it is also causing different disasters like floods and landslides.

Q2. How are animals affected by deforestation?

A2. Deforestation affects animals as they have lost their habitat. Moreover, herbivores animals get their food from plants and trees. As a result, they are not getting proper food to eat, which in turn is resulting in their extinction

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Essay on Deforestation

Deforestation is cutting down a large number of trees and clearing out forest areas. The various reasons behind these human activities are increasing the space for human usage like logging or wood extraction, agricultural expansion, infrastructure expansion etc. Deforestation is harmful to the environment because it causes a lot of carbon emissions and alters the natural ecosystem. It also contributes to global warming and climate change because plants release the stored carbon into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide when they are cutting down. The deforestation essay urges us to learn the causes, effects and preventive measures of deforestation.

Deforestation is a severe problem, and we must stop cutting down precious trees. Trees are destroyed to make way for urban development and the cultivation of crops. To expand the land area and construct buildings, production houses and manufacturing plants, we are cutting down trees, and the government is trying its best to avoid deforestation. The process of deforestation also increases the atmospheric level of carbon dioxide that contributes to climate change on the planet. Once the kids have understood the causes and effects of this issue, you can engage them in writing an essay on deforestation by referring to BYJU’S deforestation essay pdf.

Table of Contents

Causes of deforestation, effects of deforestation, preventive measures to avoid deforestation.

Deforestation is a global phenomenon, and one of the leading causes of deforestation is the expansion of cities. People want to live in cities, but they often don’t realise how dangerous this can be to the environment and contributes to environmental pollution . Let us learn the causes that have led to deforestation and destroying the planet by reading the deforestation essay in English.

Other causes of deforestation are urbanisation, farming and a massive population explosion at a global level. As the population increases at a tremendous rate, the space for people to live is shrinking. Hence, people destroy forests to create living space, roads and excellent infrastructure.

As our wants and greed have increased, it has destroyed the environment. Mining is one of the main causes of deforestation and is destroying mother Earth . Another cause of deforestation is wood harvesting or logging for domestic fuel (charcoal).

As we have learned about the causes of deforestation, let us move on to the next segment – the effects of deforestation by reading the deforestation effects essay.

Deforestation has had many adverse effects on the planet. Significant effects of deforestation are climate change, soil erosion, global warming , wildlife extinction and underground water depletion. Besides, there are other consequences such as flooding, shrinking wildlife habitats, and reduced water quality. The essay on deforestation explains the negative effects of deforestation on the Earth.

The decrease in trees and vegetation can lead to an increase in the emission of greenhouse gases and other forms of pollution . Moreover, trees are essential and provide habitats for countless species, and they lose their habitats because of these human activities. They also store large amounts of carbon that can be used as a renewable energy source. When forests are destroyed, carbon is released into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change and global warming.

After learning about the adverse effects of deforestation by reading BYJU’S deforestation effects essay , let us move on to learn how to prevent deforestation.

To maintain the ecological balance, we need to take preventative measures to avoid deforestation. Deforestation can be eradicated by taking the necessary steps to save Earth . The government has to take strict action against deforestation and encourage people to plant more trees. This certainly helps in resolving the after-effects of the loss of trees. In addition, we can start growing plants at home and help our environment heal from the loss of trees and forests .

To conclude, deforestation is a major concern. Hence, we all must join hands in eradicating this issue and help our planet retain its ability to thrive. Provide the little ones with a deforestation essay pdf, and for more kids learning activities, visit BYJU’S website.

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Assignment on Deforestation

Related Papers

Korea Rural Economic Institute

Sk Abidur Rahman

Chapter 1. Status of Forest Industry in Bangladesh 1. General Status (Forest Industry) Bangladesh, one of the most populous nations in the world, with a land area of 1,47,57,000 acres. Which has 2,08 million hectares, or 14.1% forestland of the country's total land area (FAO, 2020, BFD 2022). The forestry industry employs 2% of the workforce and contributes roughly 1.29% of the nation's GDP. But there is a disagreement between FAO report and Bangladesh National Forest Report about the percent of forest cover and forest earning. Bangladesh has one of the lowest ratios of forest to people in the world, at 0.02 hectares of forest per person. This sum excludes the fuel wood, forage, timber, and other forest resources that have been unlawfully harvested. Additionally, timber industry counted as industry rather than forestry sector. Over the years, Bangladesh's forest cover has gradually decreased. Fig 1: Bangladesh forest cover.

Deforestation in the Teknaf Peninsula of Bangladesh

Masakazu Tani

Nafisa Takia Afrin

Extreme weather condition, changing agricultural yields and increase in the disease vectors are some of the other effects of global warming. Deforestation and air temperature being the primary reason behind global warming, we need to show greater concern towards felling of trees. We need to take quick measure to prevent deforestation so that we can hope environment as a conducive way to live in.

The study was intended to explore the underlying causes of deforestation and the major factors responsible for environmental degradation in Madhupur sal forest. Households from four different Garo villages under the Arankhola and Sholakuri union of the forest area were interviewed by following different survey schedules. The study identified that the contribution of mistaken policy intervention was the highest as underlying causes of deforestation when compared with other factors. It also revealed that the commercial logging is the major direct cause of deforestation, which is threatening the native sal forest. The study also identified some factors responsible for environmental degradation in the sal forest including deforestation, over population, industrial plantation, corruption in forest sector and monoculture plantation. Therefore, the study suggests that restrictions on human interference and commercial logging in the forest area need to be imposed as well as policy reforms t...

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Deforestation Around the World [Working Title]

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"What we are doing to the forest of the world is but a mirror reflction of what we are doing to oursleves and to one another." by Mahatma Gandhi

Source-Based Essay

Ahmed Iftiak

Samantha Bellamy

English 110

Deforestation

       The term deforestation is often misused to describe any activity where all trees in an area are removed. Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of the tree where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use (Rabia). Most Deforestation caused by humans. Humans cut down trees than the wood shipped around the world for making products. Then the land is made smooth enough for homes, businesses, or farming, turning the forest into human use. The sources I choose to analysis are mostly about the cause and effect of deforestation and most of these are based on recent events.

     Newspaper Article: What We Know About the Thousands of Fires in the Amazon, the Planet’s ‘Lungs’

The author  of the Newspaper Article;  What We Know About the Thousands of Fires in the Amazon, the Planet’s ‘Lungs’  is Alexandria Symonds .  She is a senior staff editor at  The New York Times.  The article is about current event s  occurring in the Amazon forest. Wildfires are happening in record barking rates. The article is a response to a trending topic in Twitter “#ParyForAmazons”. In the article, the author discusses what happens in the Amazon forest? Why it’s happening? what we are doing about it? And how it’s both cause and effects of deforestation as well as global warming?

The purpose  of the News article is to inform the public about the fires raging in the amazon and how It links to deforestation. The article addresses the economic and political factors of the fire. The article addresses the topic by questioning, “How did the fires start?” and “How dangerous are they to the rain forest?” (Symonds). The purpose of this is to create interaction, to make it interesting to read about. Also, the article discusses the truth of the fires because not all the wildfires in the amazon are caused by natural fire, as it says in the article “Natural fires in the Amazon are rare, the majority of these fires were set by farmers preparing Amazon adjacent farmland for next year’s crops and pasture” (Symonds).

The audience  of the News article is general public, it’s directed to everyone and especially social media, as the article is responding to social media feed, here author begins the article talking about “The hashtag #PrayForAmazonas was the top trending topic in the world on Twitter on Wednesday, as images of a rain forest on fire spread across the internet. Here’s what we know so far about the fires raging in the Amazon” (Symonds). the audience is everyone because the effect of deforestation will impact everyone in the world because it’s contributed to Global Warming. The news article contains detailed information about deforestation in the Amazon and its effects on society. The  tone  of the article is cautionary and informative. As in the article author state “The number of fires identified by the agency in the Amazon region so far this year, 40,341, is about 35 percent higher than the average for the first eight months of each year since 2010” (Symonds). The article informs people about the fire in amazon and how humans are involved in deforestation as she said, “Natural fires in the Amazon are rare” (Symonds), as well as create concerns about the effect of the fires will have afterward as the deforestation continues.

The genre  of the news article is non-fictional, informative, and detailed. The  medium  is newspaper and formal writing style. The News article is based on facts, it contains information about the real-life event that occurring right now. The  stance  of the article is unclear, but the author seems to be against the act of deforestation. The begin of the article is mostly about how wildfire causes deforestation but the end is about how humans are involved in the fire and what they are doing about it. The  language  of the article is formal, encodable for everybody. Clean and accurate able to express what she wants to say. The whole article can be used as evidence since there is no use of slang and an article written in modern language.

Magazine article; Deforestation Stifles Biodiversity

The author  of the magazine article  Deforestation Stifles Biodiversity  is Rabia Badar. She is in Botany Department, Jinnah University for Woman, Karachi. The article discusses the cause and effect of Deforestation like the newspaper article but in the dept. The  purpose  of the article is to address how broad the effect of deforestation, and we humans are the victim of deforestation in both the short and long term. The article addresses other factors of deforestation like loss of Biodiversity, change in the ecosystem, extinction of rare animals and plants, more natural disaster because of lack of trees, and disturbing carbon cycle, water cycle, etcetera. Most important how humans are involved in all this, and it’s happening everywhere. (Badar)

The audience  of the article is everyone, but mostly those who are directly affected by the deforestation. The author intends to inform his readers about the dangers of deforestation, and its logical outcome of the increasing rate of global warming. She wants to inform the next generation about deforestation, and its negative impacts on people’s lives. Here is an example of the effect of deforestation in the environment “Deforestation and desertification lead to landslides and drought. Trees help attract clouds for rain, help to reduce the amount of carbon monoxide in the air, and slow the rate of desertification.” (Badar) The  tone  is descriptive, direct and practical. Here is an example of author direct and descriptive tone “Deforestation is a contributor to global warming and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20 percent of world greenhouse gas emissions” (Badar). In simple words, the author describes how deforestation is a direct Couse of global warming. The article tall people that deforestation is real, and we need to act on it. Humanity is losing because of our careless deeds toward nature.

The genre  of the magazine article is a nonfiction fact-based article. A fact like “trees contribute in a large way in maintaining the water cycle” and “Due to massive deforestation, about 50 to 100 species of animals are lost each day” (Badar). These are real facts and the article’s goal is to show the quantity of the effect of deforestation. The  stance  of the article is like a newspaper article. The author’s attitude toward the topic is positive and encourages us to act, if we don’t do anything right now, we will be intrudable which we can reverse. The  language  of the article Is formal, for people of every background and education because people who cutting down the forest, turning the land into farmland and real estate business use, they belong to every level of the society. As the author states in the article “With the advent of agriculture, the forest became the prime tool to clear land for crops. Cities are built in a woody area providing the wood for some industry,” (Badar) these people are all level farmers to a businessman. Everyone should receive the message.

Website article from National Geography: Deforestation and Its Effect on the Planet

      Human-driven and natural loss of trees—deforestation—affects wildlife, ecosystems, weather patterns, and even the climate. (Nunez). The  author  of the website article “Climate 101: Deforestation” Christina Nunez. She is a writer and frequent contributor to National Geography. In the article, the author describes deforestation as other sources of magazine and newspaper articles. The  purpose  of the article let people know about the facts about the forest. How much we have lost and the rate of declining of the forest. The article state that we “seek to slow the pace of climate change preserve wildlife, and support billions of people, trees inevitably hold a major part of the answer. Yet the mass destruction of trees—deforestation—continues, sacrificing the long-term benefits of standing trees for short-term gain” (Nunez). The article also contains an Image of polar ice mating rate has increased causing sea level to rise. The article states the reasons why we should care about deforestation and climate change and what can be done like other sources. This source promotes people to act by providing solutions, it shows there is still hope for humanity to restore to the forest and undo their deeds.

The audience  of this is also everyone like other sources. Informing everyone about deforestation, letting people know that is our fault, we human are the cause of climate change and deforestation. The  tone  of the article is like the other three sources informative and detailed. But unlike other sources, it has a hopeful tone at end of the article with a solution by addressing the possible way of encounter deforestation as the author says in the article “A movement is underway to preserve existing forest ecosystems and restore lost tree cover. Organizations and activists are working to fight illegal mining and logging,” (Nunez). There is always hope for humanity to improve and care about the things that matter, rather than caring about temporary things.

The genre  of this article is also non-fiction like the other three sources. Since its real-life global issue caused by a human there going to be less likely to be a fictional article or opinion-based article. Because the fictional or opinion base article would be based on facts. The  stance  of the article is against deforestation and pro forest. The author supporting the movements that want to limit cutting trees in biodiverse forests. The  language  of the article is formal. The author is promoting movements to protect the forest, and everyone can be part of the movement as the author state the movements in the articles “in Brazil, conservationists are rallying in the face of ominous signals that the government may roll back forest protections.” (Nunez). So, the author uses formal everyday language so the massage can reach everyone. The author makes sure that people should be more educated about deforestation.

Scholarly article: Remote tropical and sub-tropical responses to Amazon deforestation

      This article is a report of a study done by Andrew M. Badger and Paul A. Dirmeyer. Andrew M. Badger is a scientist from George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA, and Paul A. Dirmeyer is a Meteorologist from the same university. The study is done to see the effects of deforestation in remote tropical and sub-tropical regions. The  purpose  of the study report to let people the real effect of deforestation on climate. The study contains real data that could be used to influence political leaders to make rules that will control deforestation. The report can be used to convince the institution that funds for mentioned in the National Geography article. The report can be used for debates and other places where the actual study needed to prove the effect of deforestation because the same people do not want to care about this global issue.

The audience  of the study report is unlike the other sources, it’s for the educational and scientific community. It’s a professional and technical report written to communicate the information gathered through research with extensive details that can be understood by people with higher education and qualifications. The  tone  of the article is also different than the other source is more technical, informative and detailed, like in the article state “Fig. 3: Hovmoller diagrams for zonal-mean precipitation (mm/day) for the eastern Pacific (120°W-80°W) and Atlantic (40°W-0°).  Contours  indicate the control simulation precipitation” (Badger) this sentence contains a directional coordinate which is hard for an average person to decipher. The article is not emotional but serious.

The genre  is a non-fictional data-based report and the conclusion drawn from the data collected in the study. The author declares that they have no conflicts of interest. The  stance  is also unlike other sources since it’s a report of a research study the author did not take any side toward the topic as it says in the article “The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.” (Badger). The  language  of the article is technical and formal. The writing is directed toward a scientific community with use scientific term. To an ordinary person, the article is very compacted and misleading. The author describes their research by providing all the methods they used and their findings to conclude their initial hypothesis. The goal of the article is proving the effects of deforestation is global not isolated, “This study helps to exhibit that Amazon deforestation can’t be considered a geographically isolated event.” (Badger)

The languages of the articles are similar to each other except for the research study report. The newspaper, magazine and website vlog talk about the cause and effect of deforestation. Telling people that we human are involve and cause of the deforestation. The study report is focused on finding evidence about the effect of deforestation to influence government agencies and other organizations. Other articles are focused to inform everyone else, to bring the topic to light and make people aware of climate change.

Newspaper article: Symonds, Alexandria. “What We Know About the Thousands of        Fires in the Amazon, the Planet’s ‘Lungs’.” New York Times , 24 Aug. 2019, p. A8(L). Gale OneFile: News , https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A597229139/STND?u=cuny_ccny&sid=STND&xid=6f432205 . Accessed on 13 Sept. 2019

Magazine article: Rabia Badar. “Deforestation Stifles Biodiversity.” Pakistan & Gulf Economist, 22 May 2011. Gale Academic OneFile, https://links.gale.com/apps/doc/A256611180/AONE?u=cuny_ccny&sid=AONE&xid=c1866224 . Accessed on 13 Sept. 2019

Website article: Nunez, Christina. “Deforestation and Its Effect on the Planet.” Deforestation Facts and Information , 25 Feb. 2019, www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/deforestation/ . Accessed on 13 Sept. 2019

Scholarly Article: Badger, Andrew M., and Paul A. Dirmeyer. “Remote tropical and sub-tropical responses to Amazon deforestation.” Climate Dynamics , vol. 46, no. 9-10, 2016, p. 3057+. Gale Academic OneFile , https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A450729636/AONE?u=cuny_ccny&sid=AONE&xid=5a0bf7b4 . Accessed 13 Sept. 2019.

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Deforestation