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Class 12 Computer Science Case Study Questions

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You’ve come to the right site if you’re looking for diverse Class 12 Computer Science case study questions. We’ve put together a collection of Class 12 Computer Science case study questions for you on the myCBSEguide app and student dashboard .

As computer science becomes an increasingly popular field of study, more and more students are looking for resources to help them prepare for their exams. myCBSEguide is the only app that provides students with a variety of class 12 computer science case study questions. With over 1,000 questions to choose from, students can get the practice they need to ace their exams.

Significance of Class 12 Computer Science

Why is computer science so important? In a word, it’s because computers are everywhere. They are an integral part of our lives, and they are only going to become more so in the years to come. As such, it is essential that we understand how they work, and how to use them effectively.

Fascinating Subject

Computer science is a fascinating subject and one that can lead to a rewarding career in a variety of industries. So, if you’re considering CBSE class 12, be sure to give computer science a try.

Rapidly Growing Field

Computer science is the study of computational systems, their principles and their applications. It is a rapidly growing field that is constantly evolving, and as such, it is an essential part of any well-rounded education.

Critical Thinking and Problem-solving Skills

In CBSE class 12, computer science provides students with a strong foundation on which to build their future studies and careers. It equips them with the critical thinking and problem-solving skills they need to succeed in an increasingly digital world. Additionally, computer science is a great way to prepare for further study in fields such as engineering, business, and medicine.

Class 12 Computer Science

Familiarize with the concepts of functions
Become familiar with the creation and use of Python libraries.
Become familiar with file management and using the file handling concept.
Gain a basic understanding of the concept of efficiency in algorithms and computing.
Capability to employ fundamental data structures such as stacks.
Learn the fundamentals of computer networks, including the network stack, basic network hardware, basic protocols, and fundamental tools.
Learn SQL aggregation functions by connecting a Python programme to a SQL database.

Case Study Questions in Class 12 Computer Science

There are several reasons why case study questions are included in class 12 computer science.

First, class 12 computer science case study questions provide real-world examples of how computer science concepts can be applied in solving real-world problems.
Second, they help students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Third, they expose students to different computer science tools and techniques.
Finally, case study questions help students understand the importance of collaboration and teamwork in computer science.

Class 12 Computer Science Case Study Questions Examples

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has included case study questions in the class 12 computer science paper pattern. This move is in line with the board’s focus on practical and application-based learning. This move by the CBSE will help Class 12 Computer Science students to develop their analytical and problem-solving skills. It will also promote application-based learning, which is essential for Class 12 Computer Science students who want to pursue a career in computer science.

There are many apps out there that provide students with questions for their Class 12 computer science case study questions, but myCBSEguide is the only one that provides a variety of Class 12 Computer Science case study questions. Whether you’re a beginner or an expert, myCBSEguide has the perfect questions for you to practice with. With myCBSEguide, you can be sure that you’re getting the best possible preparation for your Class 12 computer science case studies. Here are a few examples of Class 12 computer science case study questions.

12 Computer Science case study question 1

Be Happy Corporation has set up its new centre at Noida, Uttar Pradesh for its office and web-based activities. It has 4 blocks of buildings.

The distance between the various blocks is as follows:

Numbers of computers in each block

(a) Suggest and draw the cable layout to efficiently connect various blocks of buildings within the Noida centre for connecting the digital devices.

(b) Suggest the placement of the following device with justification

(i) Repeater

(ii)Hub/Switch

Ans: Repeater: between C and D as the distance between them is 100 mts

Hub/ Switch : in each block as they help to share data packets within the devices of the network in each block

(d) Which fast and very effective wireless transmission medium should preferably be used to connect the head office at Mumbai with the centre at Noida?

Ans: Satellite

12 Computer Science case study question 2

Rohit, a student of class 12th, is learning CSV File Module in Python. During examination, he has been assigned an incomplete python code (shown below) to create a CSV File ‘Student.csv’ (content shown below). Help him in completing the code which creates the desired CSV File.

1,AKSHAY,XII,A

2,ABHISHEK,XII,A

3,ARVIND,XII,A

4,RAVI,XII,A

5,ASHISH,XII,A

Incomplete Code

import_____ #Statement-1

fh = open(_____, _____, newline=”) #Statement-2

stuwriter = csv._____ #Statement-3

data.append(header)

for i in range(5):

roll_no = int(input(“Enter Roll Number : “))

name = input(“Enter Name : “)

Class = input(“Enter Class : “)

section = input(“Enter Section : “)

rec = [_____] #Statement-4

data.append(rec)

stuwriter. _____ (data) #Statement-5

Identify the suitable code for blank space in line marked as Statement-1.
a) csv file

Correct Answer : c) csv

Identify the missing code for blank space in line marked as Statement-2?
a) “School.csv”,”w”
b) “Student.csv”,”w”
c) “Student.csv”,”r”
d) “School.csv”,”r”

Correct Answer : b) “Student.csv”,”w”

iii. Choose the function name (with argument) that should be used in the blank

space of line marked as Statement-3

a) reader(fh)
b) reader(MyFile)
c) writer(fh)
d) writer(MyFile)

Correct Answer : c) writer(fh)

Identify the suitable code for blank space in line marked as Statement-4.
a) ‘ROLL_NO’, ‘NAME’, ‘CLASS’, ‘SECTION’
b) ROLL_NO, NAME, CLASS, SECTION
c) ‘roll_no’,’name’,’Class’,’section’
d) roll_no,name,Class,sectionc) co.connect()

Correct Answer : d) roll_no,name,Class,section

Choose the function name that should be used in the blank space of line marked

as Statement-5 to create the desired CSV File?

c) writerows()
d) writerow()

Correct Answer : c) writerows()

12 Computer Science case study question 3

Krrishnav is looking for his dream job but has some restrictions. He loves Delhi and would take a job there if he is paid over Rs.40,000 a month. He hates Chennai and demands at least Rs. 1,00,000 to work there. In any another location he is willing to work for Rs. 60,000 a month. The following code shows his basic strategy for evaluating a job offer.

pay= _________

location= _________

if location == “Mumbai”:

print (“I’ll take it!”) #Statement 1

elif location == “Chennai”:

if pay < 100000:

print (“No way”) #Statement 2

print(“I am willing!”) #Statement 3

elif location == “Delhi” and pay > 40000:

print(“I am happy to join”) #Statement 4

elif pay > 60000:

print(“I accept the offer”) #Statement 5

print(“No thanks, I can find something

better”)#Statement 6

On the basis of the above code, choose the right statement which will be executed when different inputs for pay and location are given.

Input: location = “Chennai”, pay = 50000
Statement 1
Statement 2
Statement 3
Statement 4

Correct Answer : ii. Statement 2

Input: location = “Surat” ,pay = 50000
Statement 5
Statement 6

Correct Answer: d. Statement 6

iii. Input- location = “Any Other City”, pay = 1

a Statement 1

Input location = “Delhi”, pay = 500000

Correct Answer: c. Statement 4

Input- location = “Lucknow”, pay = 65000

iii. Statement 4

Correct Answer: d. Statement 5

Class 12 computer science case study examples provided above will help you to gain a better understanding. By working through the variety of Class 12 computer science case study examples, you will be able to see how the various concepts and techniques are applied in practice. This will give you a much better grasp of the material, and will enable you to apply the concepts to new problems.

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it is not good cause the questions are very wonted , yet easy to solve for a gay name Aditya kumari who resides in Numaligarh in Assam

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Computer Networks

Computer networking: case study questions.

Categories Computer Networks , Networking , Computer Networks

This post contains case study questions on Computer Networking.

Case study 1:.

Web server is a special computer system running on HTTP through web pages. The web page is a medium to carry data from one computer system to another. The working of the webserver starts from the client or user. The client sends their request through the web browser to the webserver. Web server takes this request, processes it and then sends back processed data to the client. The server gathers all of our web page information and sends it to the user, which we see on our computer system in the form of a web page. When the client sends a request for processing to the web server, a domain name and IP address are important to the webserver. The domain name and IP address are used to identify the user on a large network.

IP addresses
Computer systems
Webpages of a site
A medium to carry data from one computer to another
Home address
Domain name
Both b and c
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Hypertext Transfer Procedure
Hyperlink Transfer Protocol
Hyperlink Transfer Procedure
Domain name system
Routing information protocol
Network time protocol
None of the above
Domain Name Security
Domain Number System
Document Name System
Domain Name System

Case Study 2:

In mid 80’s another federal agency, the NSF created a new high capacity network called NSFnet, which was more capable than ARPANET. The only drawback of NSFnet was that it allowed only academic research on its network and not any kind of private business on it. Now, several private organisations and people started working to build their own networks, named private networks, which were later (in 1990’s) connected with ARPANET and NSFnet to form the Internet. The Internet really became popular in 1990’s after the development of World Wide Web.

National Senior Foundation Network
National Science Framework Network
National Science Foundation Network
National Science Formation Network
Advanced Research Premium Agency NETwork
Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork
Advanced Review Projects Agency NETwork
Advanced Research Protection Agency NETwork
A single network
A vast collection of different networks
Interconnection of local area networks
Interconnection of wide area networks
Internet architecture board
Internet society
Internet service provider
Different computer
Leased line
Digital subscriber line
Digital signal line
Digital leased line

Case Study 3:

TCP/IP, or the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP can also be used as a communications protocol in a private computer network (an intranet or an extranet).

TCP defines how applications can create channels of communication across a network. It also manages how a message is assembled into smaller packets before they are then transmitted over the internet and reassembled in the right order at the destination address.

IP defines how to address and route each packet to make sure it reaches the right destination. Each gateway computer on the network checks this IP address to determine where to forward the message. TCP/IP uses the client-server model of communication in which a user or machine (a client) is provided a service (like sending a webpage) by another computer (a server) in the network. Collectively, the TCP/IP suite of protocols is classified as stateless, which means each client request is considered new because it is unrelated to previous requests. Being stateless frees up network paths so they can be used continuously.

All of the above
Remote procedure call
Internet relay chat
Resource reservation protocol
Local procedure call
communication between computers on a network
metropolitan communication
sesson layer
transport layer
network layer
data link layer

Case Study 4:

A blog is a publication of personal views, thoughts, and experience on web links. It is a kind of personal diary note about an individual. The contents published on a blog are organized in a reverse manner, it means recent posts appear first and the older posts are further downwards.

Blogger – a person who posts a blog in the form of text, audio, video, weblinks, etc is known as a blogger. Bloggers have followers who follow them to get instant messages post by the blogger.

In most cases, celebrities, business tycoons, famous politicians, social workers, speakers, etc are the successful blogger because people follow them to know about their success stories and ideas.

social networking
social networking sites
e-commerce websites
search engines
entertainment sites
social network
entertainment
search engine
none of these

Which of the following is an example of micro-blogging?

Which of the following is not used as blogging platform?

discussion boards

Case Study 5:

An email is a service of sending or receiving emails or messages in the form of text, audio, video, etc over the internet. Various service providers are providing email services to users. The most popular service providers in India are Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail, Rediff, etc.

An email address for an email account is a unique ID. This email ID is used to send and receive mails over the Internet. Each email address has two primary components: username and domain name. The username comes first, followed by the @) symbol and then the domain name.

none of the above

Which of the following is the correct format of email address?

name@website@info
[email protected]
www.nameofwebsite.com
name.website.com
multipurpose internet mail extensions
multipurpose internet mail email
multipurpose internet mail end
multipurpose internet mail extra
mail server
user agents

NVT stands for

network virtual transmission
network virtual test
network virtual terminal
network virtual tell

Case study 6:

In 1989, Tim Berners Lee, a researcher, proposed the idea of World Wide Web). Tim Berners Lee and his team are credited with inventing Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), HTML and the technology for a web server and a web browser. Using hyperlinks embedded in hypertext the web developers were able to connect web pages. They could design attractive webpages containing text, sound and graphics. This change witnessed a massive expansion of the Internet in the 1990s.

A program that can display a webpage
A program used to view HTML documents
It enables a user to access the resources of internet
a) is same every time whenever it displays
b) generates on demand by a program or a request from browser
c) both is same every time whenever it displays and generates on demand by a program or a request from browser
d) is different always in a predefined order
a) unique reference label
b) uniform reference label
c) uniform resource locator
d) unique resource locator
a) asynchronous javascript and xml
b) advanced JSP and xml
c) asynchronous JSP and xml
d) advanced javascript and xml
a) convention for representing and interacting with objects in html documents
b) application programming interface
c) hierarchy of objects in ASP.NET
d) scripting language
a) VBScript
a) sent from a website and stored in user’s web browser while a user is browsing a website
b) sent from user and stored in the server while a user is browsing a website
c) sent from root server to all servers
d) sent from the root server to other root servers

Case study 7:

E-business, commonly known as electronic or online business is a business where an online transaction takes place. In this transaction process, the buyer and the seller do not engage personally, but the sale happens through the internet. In 1996, Intel’s marketing and internet team coined the term “E-business

E-Commerce stands for electronic commerce and is a process through which an individual can buy, sell, deal, order and pay for the products and services over the internet. In this kind of transaction, the seller does not have to face the buyer to communicate. Few examples of e-commerce are online shopping, online ticket booking, online banking, social networking, etc.

doing business
sale of goods
doing business electronically
all of the above

Which of the following is not a major type of e-commerce?

consolidation
preservation
reinvention

The primary source of financing during the early years of e-commerce was _______

large retail films
venture capital funds
initial public offerings
small products
digital products
specialty products
fresh products
value proposition
competitive advantage
market strategy
universal standards

Case study 8:

Due to the rapid rise of the internet and digitization, Governments all over the world are initiating steps to involve IT in all governmental processes. This is the concept of e-government. This is to ensure that the Govt. administration becomes a swifter and more transparent process. It also helps saves huge costs.

E-Group is a feature provided by many social network services which helps you create, post, comment to and read from their “own interest” and “niche-specific forums”, often over a virtual network. “Groups” create a smaller network within a larger network and the users of the social network services can create, join, leave and report groups accordingly. “Groups” are maintained by “owners, moderators, or managers”, who can edit posts to “discussion threads” and “regulate member behavior” within the group.

can be defined as the “application of e-commerce technologies to government and public services .”
is the same as internet governance
can be defined as “increasing the participation in internet use by socially excluded groups”
Individuals in society
computer networks
Tax Deduction Account Number
Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number
Taxable Account Number
Tax Account Number
who conduct seminars
who get together on weekends
who have regular video conferences
having the ability to access and contribute to forum topics

Case study 9:

Coursera has partnered with museums, universities, and other institutions to offer students free classes on an astounding variety of topics. Students can browse the list of available topics or simply answer the question “What would you like to learn about?”, then when they answer that question they are led to a list of available courses on that topic. Students who are nervous about getting in over their heads can relax.

Mobile Online Open Courses
Massive Online Open Courses
Mobile Open Online Courses
Massive Open Online Courses
Blended learning
Distance learning
Synchronous learning
Asynchronous learning
Induction to the company for new employees
Microsoft excel training
Team-building exercise
Building your assertiveness skills at work
Learners using technology in a classroom environment lead by a tutor
Training course done by youtube tutorials
An online learning environment accessed through the internet (i.e. webinars)
An online learning course
MasterClass
SimplyCoding

Case study 10:

Search Engines allow us to filter the tons of information available on the internet and get the most accurate results. And while most people don’t pay too much attention to search engines, they immensely contribute to the accuracy of results and the experience you enjoy while scouring through the internet.

Besides being the most popular search engine covering over 90% of the worldwide market, Google boasts outstanding features that make it the best search engine in the market. It boasts cutting-edge algorithms, easy-to-use interface, and personalized user experience. The platform is renowned for continually updating its search engine results and features to give users the best experience.

Software systems that are designed to search for information on the world wide web
Used to search documents
Used to search videos
Single word
Search engine pages
Search engine result pages
Web crawler
Web indexer
Web organizer
Web manager
Ink directory
Search optimizer
Generating cached files
Affecting the visibility
Getting meta tags
All of these

Insertion Sort

Mobile telecommunication technologies, you may also like.

Switching Techniques used in computer network

Communication Channels

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CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Case study Questions & Answers For Chapter 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

Understudies can discover the chapter astute vital questions for course 10th Computer Science within the table underneath. These imperative questions incorporate questions that are regularly inquired in a long time. Moreover, arrangements are to give for these questions, with extraordinary accentuation on ease-of-study. Tap on the joins underneath to begin investigating.

Below we posted all the Case Study Questions & Answers for Class 12 Computer Science all Chapters –

CBSE Class 12 Case Study Question for Class 12 Computer Science

Case study 01:.

(1) Be Happy Corporation has set up its new centre at Noida, Uttar Pradesh for its office and web-based activities. It has 4 blocks of buildings.

Distance between the various blocks is as follows:

Numbers of computers in each block

(a) Suggest and draw the cable layout to efficiently connect various blocks of buildings within the Noida centre for connecting the digital devices.

(b) Suggest the placement of the following device with justification

(i) Repeater

(ii)Hub/Switch

Ans: Repeater: between C and D as the distance between them is 100 mts

Hub/ Switch : in each block as they help to share data packets within the devices of the network in each block

(d) Which fast and very effective wireless transmission medium should preferably be used to connect the head office at Mumbai with the centre at Noida?

Ans: Satellite

Key questions for 12th review Biology are outlined agreeing to the CBSE NCERT program. All address sorts are accessible within the PDF, from one-word to one-line answers, brief reply sorts to five point long reply sorts. Hence, understudies can plan for exams and indeed clarify their concepts through them. On the off chance that they refer to these questions, it’ll get ready their minds to pick up a competitive advantage. Understudies will gotten to be commonplace with question patterns and the sorts of questions that will show up on exams.

Computer Networks Class 12 Computer Science | Computer Network Notes

Class 12 Computer Science Computer Network Notes covers Evolution of Networking, Data Communication Technologies, Transmission Media, Networking Protocols, Introduction to Web Services, Network Topologies, Network Types and Network Devices. This Computer Networks Class 12 Computer Science Notes is specially prepared keeping CBSE Board Exams in mind so that all the students looking for Computer Networks Class 12 Computer Science Notes can perform well and secure highest marks.

1 What is Computer Network?
2 Evolution of Networking
3 Types of Computer Network
4 Network Topologies
5 Networking Devices
6 Internet and Web Services
7 Data Communication Terminologies

What is Computer Network?

“A computer Network is group of connected devices such as Computer, Laptop, Printers, and Scanners, Mobiles devices, which can communicate with each other and share hardware and software resources.”

Advantages of Computer Network | Uses of Computer Network

Hardware Resources: Printer, Scanner, Photocopier, CD Drive etc.
Software Resources: ERPs, Open Source Software etc.
Information Sharing: File Sharing like documents, sheets, reports etc.
Increase Storage Capacity: Usually Server of Computer Network have large storage capacity. Total Storage capacity of each node of Computer Network also increases storage capacity.
Cost Efficient: Computer Networks are cost effective as we can share one resource to many.
Collective User Interaction (Multi User Environment) : Computer Network allows many user to work together simultaneously in a project and as a result a lot of time and effort is saved.
Improved Communication and Information availability: Due to WAN (Internet) people across different location can instantly get and share any information at any point of time.

Evolution of Networking

Types of Computer Network

Local Area Network

Metropolitan Area Network

Wide Area Network

Personal Area Network

A Local Area Network is a collection of interconnected Computers and its associated devices that are located in a close proximity.

Characteristics of LAN

LAN Occupies small area not more than 1-5kms.
Usually operated or owned by single person
Speed of data transfer is high as compare to other networks.
Easy Installation and Maintenance

A Metropolitan Area Network is a collection of interconnected Computers and its associated devices that are located at one Geographic location such as multiple office building in a city.

Characteristics of MAN

MAN Occupies area between 5 to 50 kilometers.
Usually operated or owned by consortium of people or an organization provides services.
It often acts as high speed network.
MAN may be public.
Examples- Municipal Offices network, Police Station network etc.

A Wide Area Network is a collection of interconnected Computers and its associated devices that are located at different Geographic location such as different cities, states or countries. It is a large computer network such as two or more LANs.

Characteristics of WAN

WAN covers very long distance area.
Usually operated or owned by national or multinational organizations.
Comparatively low speed network to LAN and MAN.
Most often WAN is public.
Examples- National Banks, Railways, INTERNET etc.

A Personal Area Network is collection of various interconnected devices such as computers, mobile devices, fax machines and printers available closely to an individual user.

Characteristics of PAN

Mostly it uses Wi-Fi connectivity.
Usually operated or owned by individuals.
It covers distance of maximum 10-30mtr.
Usually PAN is private .

Network Topologies

Network Topology defines the layout or structure of a Computer Network that defines the pattern of all devices connected to each other.

Types of Topology

There are 5 basic Network Topologies:

Bus or Linear
Ring (Circular)

Star Topology

It is one of the most commonly used topology. In a star topology, nodes are not connected to each other, instead are connected to a central device called hub or switch. Information sent by a computer is received by hub/switch, which than determines which node that data needs to send.

Advantages of Star Topology

It is less expensive.
Easy to install and update
Easy troubleshooting
Robust network
Easy to add new node

Disadvantages of Star Topology

If central device (hub/switch) fails, entire network goes down.
Performance of entire network depends upon central device.
Needs long cable to connect each node to central device.

Bus (linear) Topology

It is one of the simplest topology used for network. In bus topology, all the nodes are connected to each other through a single cable generally called ‘backbone’.

Information transmitted by a node reach to all the nodes connected to network, but information is processed or taken only by that node which address is matched with address contained within information.

Advantages of Bus (linear) Topology

It is very simple to design and install.
less caballing is required as compared to other topologies.
Best suited for small network (LAN).
Very cost effective.
easily expandable.

Disadvantages of Bus (linear) Topology

Not suitable for large network.
If cable (backbone) is failed, entire network goes down.
though its design is simple, it is difficult to diagnose the fault.
data loss is high
slow network

Ring (Circular) Topology

In Ring or Circular topology all connected nodes form a circular path. Each node is connected to it’s two neighboring nodes.

In this topology Information sent by a node transmits from one node to another node until it reaches to destination node. Usually data is transmitted in half duplex mode in this topology but it can be duplex mode.

Advantages of Ring (Circular) Topology

No need of Server control for data transmission.
Data collision rate is very low as data travels unidirectionaly.
Easy maintenance and troubleshooting
High Speed Communication Network.
Each node has equal access to resources

Disadvantages of Ring (Circular) Topology

Failure of any node may cause entire network down.
Less secured network
Slower than star topology
Expensive network as it uses expensive components to establish the network.

Tree Topology

It is popularly called Star-Bus Topology which is not so commonly used. Devices at lower level are connected to devices at next higher level, which resembles a tree like structure. At higher levels of the tree, often point-to-point or point-to-multipoint connections are used.

It creates Parent-child hierarchy as there can be only one connection between two nodes and two nodes can have only one mutual connection.

Advantages of Tree Topology

It is most suitable for large networks.
Failure of any node does not affect network communication.
It is Flexible network because new node can be added easily without interrupting whole network.
Large community for support.
It provide highly secured network.

Disadvantages of Tree Topology

It depends upon central cable (backbone), which if fails may stop working of entire network .
Higher level node failure may affect next level node performance.
More expensive and complex network.
Tough maintenance due to large no of components and cables.

Mesh Topology

In Mesh topology, all the nodes are connected to every other node individually. Each node is capable to send and receive information to and from another node. Generally, Mesh topology does not implement any central Server/Switch/Hub.

The connections in Mesh topology can be Wired or Wireless.

Advantages of Mesh Topology

It can manage high amount of traffic easily.
Robust Network as failure of any node doesn’t affect entire network communication.
New node can be added easily without interrupting network communication.
Scalable Network as there is no central Server/Hub/Switch/Router. Each node can act as router.
It provides high security and privacy.

Disadvantages of Mesh Topology

Complex network as each node is connected to every other node and hence needed many connections.
Consumes more power as each node is treated as router and a result it is active for all time.
Difficult Installation and Maintenance due to its complexity.
Expensive Network.

Networking Devices

Ethernet Card
A hub is hardware networking device that connects multiple nodes in a network and send and receive data from all the connected nodes.
A hub contains multiple ports that are used to connect multiple nodes.
A hub is best suitable device for creating small home network (LAN).
A hub transmits data in half duplex mode.
A hub primarily broadcasted messages. It means that the data received by hub is sent to all the computers connected with it.
A hub is considered to be dumb network device. It means that it is not able to filter message and send to selected destination port
A hub is passive device. It is not equipped with any network software.

A switch is a hardware networking device that connects multiple nodes, receives information from all nodes and sends it only to the selected node.
A switch has multiple ports to connect with multiple nodes.
A switch is called intelligent hub as it analyses and receives data and send it to intended node.
A switch transmits data in duplex mode.
A switch uses MAC Address to send data to selected node.
A switch is active device. It is equipped with network software.

A router is a hardware networking device that connects multiple physical networks that follows different protocols.
A router is responsible for receiving, analyzing and moving incoming data packets to another network.
A router ensures that packets are travelling the most efficient paths to their destinations based on data properties.
A router is best suitable for WAN (Internet).
Link failure between routers doesn’t stop network. If a link fails between two routers, the sending router determines an alternate route to keep traffic moving.

A gateway is a node considered as the entrance point to other networks, so that different networks can communicate with each other.
It connects different network follows different protocols and different properties.
Gateway can be any software, hardware or combination of both.
Gateway can acts as a proxy server or firewall.
Generally Router is used as Gateway device in Computer Network.
Repeater is used to boost strength of a signal being transmitted on a network.
Repeater is generally used in long distance network where chances of signal loss is more.
Repeater actually copy the weak signals and regenerate it with full strength.
Repeater are used to connect similar networks.
Repeaters are cost effective and do not require any processing overhead.

Ethernets Card

Also known as by many names like- Internal Network Card, Network Adapter, Network Interface Card (NIC) or LAN Card.
It establish a physical connection between Computer and a Network.
It act as an interface between Computer and a Network where it converts electrical signals received from a network to digital signal that computer understood.
Now a days it is inbuilt in motherboard of Computer, laptop. We can also mount it separately in motherboard incase of failure of pre installed card.

Modem refers to MOdulator DEModulator.
It converts Internet Signals (Analog) into digital signals (computer signals) and vice versa.
To connect with Internet Modem plays the most important role.
Internal- which is pre-installed in computer motherboard.
external- which is external device can be connected to computer.
converting analog signals to digital signal is called demodulation.
converting digital signals to analog signal is called modulation.

RJ45, also called Registered Jack-45is an eight pin connector that is used exclusively with Ethernet cables for networking.
It is a small plastic plug that fits into jack given in Ethernet card present in CPU

A Wi-Fi card is used to connect your Computer to a particular Wi-Fi network.
It is connected in either USB port or card slot present in motherboard of Computer.
It can work as both a receiver or transmitter.

Internet and Web Service s

What is Internet?

“Interconnected Network”

Internet is independent global network system of countless computers and electronic devices scattered around the globe connected to each other wirelessly or wirely with the help of various devices such as satellite, routers, wires and modems, for sharing information and communicating with each other.

World Wide Web

World Wide Web popularly called ‘Web’ is a leading information sharing service of the Internet, which was developed by Tim Berners Lee in 1989 to give user access to wide range of documents that are connected to each other by hyperlink and written in HTML.

Content of HTML documents can be any text, graphics, audio or video.
Every HTML Document is can be accessed by its unique address known as URL
To read HTML Documents Web Browser is used.
HTTP is used to transfer documents from Server to Client.

Difference between Internet and WWW

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

HTML or Hypertext Markup Language is basically used to design and format a web page.
HTML were developed by Tim Berner Lee in 1991
HTML contains different tags putted inside <> used in designing web page.
Ideally it is a formatting language not a programming language.

A website is collection of web pages which can be interlinked with each other, hosted on a web server and written using HTML.

A URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator also referred to as web address is a unique identifier used to specify unique address of a website. For example https://www.microsoft.com

Compoents of URL:

Name or Address of Server
Location of File on Server

Domain Names

Domain name is referred as the name given to a website hosted in computer server, so that it can be accessed over the Internet.
Domain names also called hostnames is given against IP address of computer server hosting website.

Web Server: A web server is a computer used to store and respond to web related request. It handles HTTP request and deliver web pages.

Web Server is used for Web hosting or hosting for website or web application.
Web Server can also support FTP and SMTP.
A Web Server may consist of Hardware and Software both.
Web Server hardware is basically a computer which stores Web Server software and content related to website such as text, images, html and css code, script code, audio/video files etc.
Web Server software are programs that accept http request from web browser and respond those request.

Web Hosting

Web hosting is a service that provide resources such as CPU, RAM, Storage, connection and necessary services to store, manage and serve a website or application in Internet and make it part of www. Once a website or application is hosted, it can be accessed from any computer connected to Internet.

Web Browser

A Web browser is an application software which enable use to view information available in Internet. It display information retrieved from web server in HTML format.

Google Chrome
Mozilla Firefox
Internet Explorer

Data Communication Terminologies

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Computer network Class 12 Computer Science Important Questions

Students can read the important questions given below for Computer network Class 12 Computer Science . All Computer network Class 12 Notes and questions with solutions have been prepared based on the latest syllabus and examination guidelines issued by CBSE, NCERT and KVS. You should read all notes provided by us and Class 12 Computer Science Important Questions provided for all chapters to get better marks in examinations. Computer Science Question Bank Class 12 is available on our website for free download in PDF.

Important Questions of Computer network Class 12

Short Answer Type Questions :

Question. Which device is used to connect dissimilar networks? Ans. A gateway is a device, which is used to connect dissimilar networks. The gateway establishes an intelligent connection between a local network and external network, which are completely different in structure. Gateway also serve as proxy server and a firewall system that prevents the unauthorised access.

Question. Explain wireless technology and give a brief note on the following (i) Bluetooth (ii) Radiowave Ans. Wireless technology is also known as unguided media. This media does not use any wires or cable for its connectivity in the network. It uses electromagnetic waves. Some of the wireless technologies are : (i) Bluetooth (ii) Radiowave (iii) Infrared (iv) Microwave (v) Satellite communication (i) Bluetooth It is used for exchanging data over a short distance from fixed and mobile devices. This type of media comes under PAN (Personal Area Network). (ii) Radiowave When two terminals are connected by using radio frequencies, then such type of communication is known as radiowave transmission. Radiowave transmission set-up has two parts. • Transmitter Devices, which transmit signals are termed as transmitter. • Receiver Devices, which receive signals are known as receiver.

Question. What is the difference between star topology and bus topology of network? Ans. Differences between star topology and bus topology are as follows :

Computer network Class 12 Computer Science Important Questions

Question. What are the functions of the following devices? (i) Repeater (ii) Switch Ans. (i) Repeater It is a network device, that amplifies and restores signals for long distance transmission. It interconnects identical network. Useful for long distance transmission, as they assure that there is no loss of data packets on the way. (ii) Switch It is a device used to segment networks into different subnetworks, called subnets or LAN segments. This prevents traffic overloading. Switches are responsible for filtering, i.e. transforming data in a specific way and forwarding packets.

Question. Write down any two points of differences between LAN, MAN and WAN. Ans. Two major points of differences among LAN, MAN and WAN are as follows

Question. Define tree topology. Also, write down its two limitations. Ans. A tree topology is an extension and variation of bus topology. Its basic structure is like an inverted tree, where the root acts as a server. Limitations • Long cables are required for this kind of topologies. • There is the dependence on the root node.

Question. Define repeaters with its two types. Ans. Repeaters are used to amplify the signals, when they are transported over a long distance. Repeaters are of two types (i) Amplifier It amplifies or boosts the incoming signals. So, it amplifies both the signal and any concurrent noise. (ii) Signal repeater It only amplifies the signal and filters out the noise signals. So, we get only the clear signal at the receiver end.

Question. Write the difference between LAN and MAN. Ans. Differences between LAN and MAN are as follows

Question. A company wants to form a network on their five computers to a server within the company premises. Represent star and ring topologies diagrammatically for this network. Ans.

Question. Distinguish between website and web browser. Ans. Website is a place on the net servers to keep web pages. Web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information on the world wide web.

Question. Write a short note on LAN and PAN. Ans. LAN A Local Area Network is a computer network covering a small geographical area like a home, office or small group of building such as building in a school. Computer connected to a LAN can share information and peripheral equipments. PAN It stands for Personal Area Network. It is a computer network used for communication among computer and different technological devices close to it. Technologies such as bluetooth and infrared communication form a wireless PAN around the device.

Question. When the computer network uses telephone lines as communication channel then MODEM is used as a data communication device. Now, explain the working of MODEM. Ans. MODEM performs the task of modulation at sender’s site and DEModulation at the receiver’s site. Basically, our computer generates data in the form of digital signals, which need to be forwarded to the receiver through telephone lines. Since, telephone lines can carry only analog signals. So, digital signals need to be converted to analog signals at sender’s site, this is called modulation. At receiver’s site, again analog signals should be converted back to the original digital signals, then this is called demodulation.

Question. What is the significance of HTTP? Ans. HTTP is a protocol used on Internet. It works in combination with WWW. It allows us to access hypertext documents on WWW. Since, WWW allow us to access or use multimedia files on the Internet and the hypertext files supports multimedia.

Question. Differentiate between the terms Internet and Intranet. Ans. Differences between Internet and Intranet are as follows

Question. Explain the term (i) Bandwidth (ii) Broadband Ans. (i) Bandwidth It is the communication capacity of a network. It refers to the data carrying capacity of a channel or medium. (ii) Broadband It is a wide bandwidth data transmission with an ability to simultaneously transport multiple signals and traffic types.

Question. What is protocol? Which protocol is used to copy a file from/to a remote server? Ans. Protocol is a set of rules that two or more computers must follow to communication on network. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used to copy a file from/to a remotely located server.

Question. Identify the following devices (i) A device that is used to connect different types of networks. It performs the necessary translation so that the connected networks can communicate properly. (ii) A device that converts data from digital bit stream into an analog signal and vice-versa. Ans. (i) Router (ii) Modem

Question. In networking, what is WAN? How is it different from LAN? Ans. The network which connects the different countries is known as WAN. Differences between LAN and WAN are as follows

Question. Write any two uses of Internet. Ans. Two uses of Internet are as follows: (i) Internet is used for communication and information sharing. (ii) Business use the Internet to provide access to complex databases.

Question. In twisted pair cable, two insulated wires are twisted around each other which provides protection against noise. Explain. Ans. Twisting the cables keep them close together so that, any external magnetic fields must cross both cable at the same time, so the interference created in one cable is cancelled by the almost exact opposite amount of interference in the other.

Question. Write one advantage of star topology over bus topology and one advantage of bus topology over star topology. Ans. Advantage of star topology over bus topology The star topology is the most reliable as there is a direct connection of every nodes in the network with the central node, so any problem in any node will affect the particular node only. While in bus topology, if problem exists in common medium, it will affect the entire node. Advantage of bus topology over star topology Extension of network is very easy in bus topology. We can connect new node along its length. While in star topology, it is difficult to expand, as the new node has to connect all the way to central node and there is not available port in central node.

Question. Differentiate between XML and HTML. Ans. XML was designed to describe data and to focus on what data is. HTML was designed to display data and to focus on how data looks. HTML is about displaying information while XML is about describing information.

Question. Explain two problems that can occur during transmission of data. Ans. Two problems that can occur during transmission of data are as follows (i) Crosstalk Disturbance caused by the electric or magnetic fields of one signal in an adjacent signal. (ii) Attenuation During transmission, the signal strength is reduced, this phenomenon is called attenuation.

Question. Explain the three main parts of an optical fibre cable. Ans. The three main parts of an optical fibre cable are as follows (i) Core It is the section through which the data travel in the form of light. (ii) Cladding It is the covering part of core. Its function is to reflect back the light into the core, as it is a denser medium. (iii) Protective Coating It is the outer cover of cladding for the protection of optical fibre from damage and moisture.

Question. What is the difference between domain name and IP address? Ans. IP address is an identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. e.g. 1.160.10.240 could be an IP address. A domain name is a name that identifies one or more IP addresses. e.g. The domain name microsoft.com represents about a dozen IP addresses.

Question. Identify the following devices (i) An intelligent device that connects several nodes to form a network and redirects the received information only to intended node(s). (ii) A device that regenerates (amplifies) the received signal and re-transmits it to its destinations. Ans. (i) Switch (ii) Repeater

Question. Write one advantage and one disadvantage of using optical fibre cable. Ans. Advantage of using optical fibre cable It is immune to electrical and magnetic interference, i.e. the data does not get disturbed and pure data is retrieved on the other end. Disadvantage of using optical fibre cable Connecting either two fibres together or a light source to a fibre is a difficult process.

Question. Discuss the functioning of a web browser and web server. Ans. Web browsers became such a pervasive way to access information that users and organisations desired to access. So, web servers had to be extended to allow software application development and access to database.A web server provides four major functions (i) Surfing web pages. (ii) Running gateway programs and returning output. (iii) Controlling access to the server. (iv) Monitoring and logging server access statistics.

Question. What is the use of baud rate? Ans. Baud rate is a measure of the number of symbols (signals) transferred or line changes every second. It may represent more than one binary bit. Every symbol can represent or convey one or several bits of data. For a binary signal of 20 Hz, this is equivalent to 20 baud.

Question. Write two advantages of using an optical fibre cable over an ethernet cable to connect two service stations, which are 190 m away from each other. Ans. Low power Because signals in optical fibres degrade less, lower power transmitters can be used. Higher data rate Due to higher bandwidth, data rate of optical fibre is more than the data rate of ethernet cable (upto 1 Gbps).

Question. What is the difference between message switching and packet switching? Ans. In message switching, data packets are stored on the disk while in packet switching, all the packets of fixed size are stored in main memory making it more efficient as compared to other switching techniques.

Question. Write a short note on IP address and give its characteristics. Ans. Internet internally follows number based addressing system. Numeric address of a computer is called IP address by a scheme called Domain Name System (DNS). The IP address consists of four numbers from 0 to 255 separated by dots. The characteristics of an IP address are as follows (i) IP addresses are unique. (ii) IP addresses are global and standardised.

Question. Compare and contrast the two wireless transmission media : bluetooth and infrared. Ans. Bluetooth and infrared both are short range wireless transmission media. This is the only point at which both these data transmission technologies look similar but there is a lot of differences between the two. Infrared is mostly used in TV remotes and there must be a direct line-of-sight between the transmitter and the receiver while on the other hand bluetooth uses a radio frequency which allows transmission through walls and other objects.

Question. In which communication, the computers in a network are connected through wire or cable? Explain its types, if any. Ans. Wired communication is the communication in which the wires or cables are used for connecting different devices in a network. There are three types of wired communication. (i) Twisted pair cable Two identical wires are wrapped together and twisted around each other. (ii) Co-axial cable It consists of a core wire surrounded by foil shields or conducting braid or wire mesh. (iii) Optical fibre cable It consists of thin threads made up of glass like substance, which are capable of carrying light signal from one end to another. Optical fibre consists of the following parts • Core • Cladding • Protective coating

Question. Write one advantage of bus topology of network. Also, illustrate how four computers can be connected with each other using star topology of network? Ans. Advantage of bus topology In bus topology, computers can be connected with each other using server (host) along a single length of cable. Four computers can be connected with each other using star topology in the following way:

Question. Write the name of benefits of networking. Ans. Some of the benefits of networking are (i) File sharing (ii) Hardware sharing (iii) Application sharing (iv) User communication (v) Access to remote database

Question. How is co-axial cable different from optical fibre? Ans. Differences between co-axial cable and optical fibre.

Long Answer Type Questions :

Question. G.R.K International Inc. is planning to connect its Bengaluru Office Setup with its Head Office in Delhi. The Bengaluru Office G.R.K. International Inc. is spread across an area of approx. 1 square kilometres consisting of 3 blocks. Human Resources, Academics and Administration. You as a network expert have to suggest answers to the four queries (i) to (v) raised by them. Note – Keep the distances between blocks and number of computers in each block in mind, while providing them the solutions.

(i) Suggest the most suitable block in the Bengaluru Office Setup to host the server. Give a suitable reason with your suggestion. (ii) Suggest the cable layout among the various blocks within the Bengaluru Office Setup for connectiing the blocks. (iii) Suggest a suitable networking device to be installed in each of the blocks essentially required for connecting computers inside the blocks with fast and efficient connectivity. (iv) Suggest the most suitable media to provide secure, fast and reliable data connectivity between Delhi Head Office and the Bengaluru Office Setup. (v) Expand the following • WAN • LAN Ans. (i) Human Resources, because it has maximum number of computers. (ii)

(iii) Hub/Switch. (iv) Satellite. (v) • Wide Area Network • Local Area Network

Question. Eduminds University of India is starting its campus in a small town Parampur of Central India with its centre admission office in Delhi. The university has three major buildings comprising of Admin building, Academic building and Research building in 5 km area campus. As a network expert, you need to suggest the network plan as per (i) to (v) to the authorities keeping in mind the distances and other given parameters.

(i) Suggest the authorities, the cable layout amongst various buildings inside the university campus for connecting the buildings. (ii) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. building) to house the server of this organisations with a suitable reason. (iii) Suggest an efficient device for the following to be installed in each of the building to connect all the computers (a) Gateway (b) Modem (c) Switch (iv) Suggest the most suitable (very high speed) service to provide data connectivity between admission building located in Delhi and the campus located in Parampur form the following options: • Telephone line • Fixedline dial-up connection • Co-axial cable network • GSM • Leased line • Satellite connection. (v) University is planning to connect its campus in Delhi which is less than 100 km. Which type of network will be formed? Ans. (i)

(ii) The most suitable place to house the server is Academic Building as it has maximum number of computers. Thus, it decreases the cabling cost and increase efficiency of network. (iii) (c) Switch is to be installed in each of building to connect all the computers. (iv) Satellite connection. (v) MAN

Question. Trine Tech Corporation (TTC) is a professional consultancy company. The company is planning to set up their new offices in India with its hub at Hyderabad. As a network adviser, you have to understand their requirement and suggest them the best available solutions. Their queries are mentioned as (i) to (v) below. Physical locations of the blocks of TTC

(i) Which will be the most appropriate block, where TTC should plan to install their server? (ii) Draw a block to block cable layout to connect all the buildings in the most appropriate manner for efficient communication. (iii) What will be the best possible connectivity out of the following, you will suggest to connect the new set up of offices in Bengalore with its London based office. • Satellite Link • Infrared • Ethernet (iv) Which of the following device will be suggested by you to connect each computer in each of the buildings? • Switch • Modem • Gateway (v) Company is planning to connect its offices in Hyderabad which is less than 1 km. Which type of network will be formed? Ans. (i) TTC should install its server in finance block as it is having maximum number of computers. (ii)

The layout is based on minimum cable length required, which is 120 metres in the above case. (iii) Satellite Link. (iv) Switch. (v) LAN

Question. Expertia Professional Global (EPG) in an online corporate training provider company for IT related courses. The company is setting up their new campus in Mumbai. You as a network expert have to study the physical locations of various buildings and the number of computers to be installed. In the planning phase, provide the best possible answers for the queries (i) to (v) raised by them.

(i) Suggest the most appropriate building, where EPG should plan to install the server. (ii) Suggest the most appropriate building to building cable layout to connect all three buildings for efficient communication. (iii) Which type of network out of the following is formed by connection the computers of these three buildings? (a) LAN (b) MAN (c) WAN (iv) Which wireless channel out of the following should be opted by EPG to connect to students of all over the world? (a) Infrared (b) Microwave (c) Satellite (v) Expand the following • WAN • MAN Ans. (i) EPG should install the server in the Faculty Studio Building as it has maximum number of computers. (ii)

(iii) (a) LAN (Local Area Network). (iv) (c) Satellite. (v) • Wide Area Network • Metropolitan Area Network

Question. Freshminds University of India is starting its first campus in Ana Nagar of South India with its centre admission office in Kolkata. The university has three major blocks comprising of Office block, Science block and Commerce block is in 5 km area campus. As a network expert, you need to suggest the network plan as per (i) to (v) to the authorities keeping in mind the distance and other given parameters.

(i) Suggest the authorities, the cable layout amongst various blocks inside university campus for connecting the blocks. (ii) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. block) to house the server for this university with a suitable reason. (iii) Suggest an efficient device form the following to be installed in each of the block to connect all the computers. (a) Modem (b) Switch (c) Gateway (iv) Suggest the most suitable (very high speed) service to provide data connectivity between admission office located in Kolkata and the campus located in Ana Nagar form the following options: • Telephone line • Fixedline dial-up connection • Co-axial cable network • GSM • Leased line • Satellite connection. (v) University is planning to connect its campus in Kolkata which is more than 100 km. Which type of network will be formed? Ans. (i)

(ii) The most suitable place to house the server is Science Block as it has maximum number of computers. Thus, reducing the cabling cost and increases efficiency of network. (iii) (b) Switch is the device to be installed in each of the blocks to connect all the computers. (iv) Satellite connection. (v) MAN

Question. China Middleton Fashion is planning to expand their network in India, starting with two cities in India of provide infrastructure for distribution of their product. The company has planned to set up their main office units in Chennai at the different locations and have named their offices as Production Unit, Finance Unit and Media Unit. The company has its Corporate Unit in Delhi. A rough layout of the same is as follows:

(i) Suggest the kind of network required (out of LAN, MAN, WAN) for connecting each of the following office units: • Production Unit and Media Unit • Production Unit and Finance Unit. (ii) Which one of the following device will you suggest for connecting all the computers with in each of their office units? • Switch/Hub • Modem • Telephone. (iii) Which of the following communication media, will you suggest to be procured by the company for connecting their local office units in Chennai for very effective (high speed) communication? • Telephone cable l Optical fibre • Ethernet cable. (iv) Suggest a cable/wiring layout for connecting the company’s local office units located in Chennai. Also, suggest an effective method/technology for connecting the company’s office unit located in Delhi. (v) Suggest the most suitable place to install the server with reason. Ans. (i) MAN and LAN. (ii) Switch/Hub. (iii) Optical fibre. (iv)

An effective method/technology for connecting the company’s office in Delhi and Chennai is broadband connection. (v) Production unit is suitable to install the server because it has maximumk number of computers.

Question. Vidya for All is an educational NGO. It is setting up its new campus at Jaipur for its web-based activities. The campus has four buildings as shown in the diagram below:

(i) Suggest a cable layout of connection between the buildings. (ii) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. building) to house the server for this NGO. Also, provide a suitable reason for your suggestion. (iii) Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification: (a) Repeater (b) Hub/Switch. (iv) The NGO is planning to connect its international office situated in Delhi. Which out of the following wired communication links, will you suggest for a very high speed connectivity? (a) Telephone analog line (b) Optical fibre (c) Ethernet cable. (v) Expand the MODEM. Ans. (i)

(ii) The most suitable place to house the server for this NGO is Training Building because it has the maximum number of computers. (iii) (a) Repeater As per one layout (shown in (i)), the repeater can be avoided as all distances between the compounds are < = 100m. (b) Hub/Switch Training building as it is hosting the server. (iv) (b) Optical fibre. (v) Modulator Demodulator

Question. Granuda consultants are setting up a secured network for their office campus at Faridabad for their day-to-day office and web based activities. They are planning to have connectivity between 3 buildings and the head office situated in Kolkata. Answer the questions (i) to (v) after going through the building positions in the campus and other details, which are given below.

(i) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. block) to house the server of this organisation. Also, give a reason to justify your suggested location. (ii) Suggest a cable layout of connections between the building inside the campus. (iii) Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification: (a) Switch (b) Repeater (iv) The organisation is planning to provide a high speed link with its head office situated in the Kolkata using a wired connection. Which of the following cable will be most suitable for this job? (a) Optical fibre (b) Co-axial cable (c) Ethernet cable (v) Consultancy is planning to connect its office in Faridabad which is more than 10 km from Head office. Which type of network will be formed? Ans. (i) The most suitable place to house the server is JAMUNA because it has maximum number of computers. (ii)

(iii) (a) Switches are needed in every building to share bandwidth in every building. (b) Repeaters may be skipped as per above layout, (because distance is less than 100 m) however, if building RAVI and building JAMUNA are directly connected, we can place a repeater there as the distance between these two buildings is more than 100 m. (iv) (b) Co-axial cable. (v) MAN

Question. Tech Up Corporation (TUC) is a professional consultancy company. The company is planning to set up their new offices in India with its hub at Hyderabad. As a network adviser, you have to understand their requirement and suggest to them the best available solutions. Their queries are mentioned as (i) to (v) below.

(i) What will the most appropriate block, where TUC should plan to install their server? (ii) Draw a block to block cable layout to connect all the buildings in the most appropriate manner for efficient communication. (iii) What will be the best possible connectivity out of the following, you will suggest to connect the new setup of offices in Bengalore with its London based office? • Infrared • Satellite Link • Ethernet Cable (iv) Which of the following devices will be suggested by you to connect each computer in each of the buildings? • Gateway • Switch • Modem (v) Company is planning to connect its Block in Hyderabad which is more than 20 km. Which type of network will be formed? Ans. (i) TUC should install its server in Human Resource Block as it has maximum number of computers. (ii)

The above layout is based on the minimum length of cable required, i.e. 140 m. (iii) Satellite Link. (iv) Switch. (v) MAN

Question. Institute of Distance Learning is located in Pune and is planning to go in for networking of four wings for better interaction. The details are shown below:

(i) Suggest the type of networking (LAN, MAN, WAN) for connecting Lib Wing to Admin Wing. Justify your answer. (ii) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. wing) to house the server, with a suitable reason. (iii) Suggest and placement of the following devices with reasons. (a) Repeater (b) Switch (iv) The Institute is planning to link its study centre situated in Delhi. Suggest an economic way to connect it with reasonably high speed. Justify your answer. (v) Expand the following • PAN • WAN Ans. (i) Since, the distance between LibWing and Admin Wing is small. So type of networking is small, i.e. LAN. (ii) Since, maximum number of computers are in Student Wing, so suitable place to house the server is Student Wing. (iii) (a) Repeater should be installed between Student Wing and Admin Wing as distance is more than 60 m. (b) Switch should be installed in each wing to connect several computers. (iv) Broadband connection as it is between economical and speedy. (v) • Personal Area Network • Wide Area Network

Question. Gargi Education Service Ltd. is an educational organisation. It is planning to set up its India campus at Nepal with its head office at Mumbai. The Nepal campus has 4 main buildings – ADMIN, ENGINEERING, BUSINEES and MEDIA. You as a network expert have to suggest the best network related solutions for their problems raised in (i) to (v), keeping in mind the distance between the buildings and other given parameters.

(i) Suggest the most appropriate location of the server inside the Nepal Campus (out of 4 buildings), to get the best connectivity for maximum number of computers. Justify your answer. (ii) Suggest and draw the cable layout to efficiently connect various buildings within the Nepal Campus for connecting the computers. (iii) Which hardware device will you suggest to be procured by the company to be installed to protect and control the Internet uses within the campus. (iv) Which of the following will you suggest to establish the online face-to-face communication between the people in the ADMIN office of Nepal Campus and Mumbai Head Office? (a) Cable TV (b) E-mail (c) Video Conferencing (d) Text Chat (v) Expand the following • MAN • PAN Ans. (i) ADMIN is the most appropriate location of the Nepal Campus because it has maximum number of computers. (ii)

(iii) Firewall. (iv) (c) Video Conferencing. (v) • Metropolitan Area Network • Personal Area Network

Question. Workalot consultants are setting up a secured network for their office campus of Gurgaon for their day-to-day office and web based activities. They are planning to have connectivity between 3 buildings and the head office situated in Mumbai. Answer the questions (i) to (v) after going through the building positions in the campus and other details, which are given below:

(i) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. building) to house the server of this organisation. Also, give a reason to justify your suggested location. (ii) Suggest a cable layout of connections between the buildings inside the campus. (iii) Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification : (a) Switch (b) Repeater (iv) The organisation is planning to provide a high speed link with its head office situated in the Mumbai using a wired connection. Which of the following cables will be most suitable for this job? (a) Optical fibre (b) Co-axial cable (c) Ethernet cable (v) What is the use of firewall in network? Ans. (i) Building RED is the suitable place to house the server because it has maximum number of computers. (ii)

(iii) (a) Switches are needed in every building as they help share bandwidth in every building. (b) Repeaters may be skipped as per above layout (because distance is less than 100 m), however if building GREEN and building RED are directly connected, we can place a repeater there as the distance between these two buildings is more than 100 m. (iv) (b) Co-axial cable. (v) Firewall prevents the unauthorised access in the network.

Question. Quick Learn University is setting up its academic blocks at Prayag Nagar and planning to set up a network. The university has three academic blocks and one human resource centre as shown in the diagram below:

(i) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. block/centre) to install the server of this university with a suitable reason. (ii) Suggest an ideal layout for connecting these block/centre for a wired connectivity. (iii)Which device you will suggest to be placed/installed in each of these blocks/centre to efficiently connect all the computers with in these blocks/centre ? (iv) The university is planning to connect its admission office in the closest big city, which is more than 250 km from university, which type of network out of LAN, MAN or WAN will be formed? Justify your answer. (v) Expand the following • LAN • WAN Ans. (i) HR centre as it has maximum number of computers. (ii)

(iii) Switch. (iv) WAN as it is another city. (v) • Local Area Network • Wide Area Network

Question. BiasMethodologies is planning to expand their network in India, starting with three cities in India to build infrastructure for research and development of their chemical products. The company has planned to set up their main office in Pondicherry at three different locations and have named their offices as Back Office, Research Lab and Development Unit. The company has one more research office namely Corporate Unit inMumbai. A rough layout of the same is as follows:

In continuation of the above, the company experts have planned to install the following number of computers in each of their offices

(i) Suggest the type of network required (out of LAN, MAN, WAN) for connecting each of the following office units. •Research Lab and Back Office • Research Lab and Development Unit. (ii) Which one of the following device, will you suggest for connecting all the computers with in each of their office units? • Switch/Hub l Modem • Telephone. (iii) Which of the following communication medium, will you suggest to be procured by the company for connecting their local office units in Pondicherry for very effective (high speed) communication? • Telephone cable l Optical fibre • Ethernet cable. (iv) Suggest a cable/wiring layout for connecting the company’s local office units located in Pondich-erry. Also, suggest an effective method/technology for connecting the company’s office unit located in Mumbai. (v)Which building is suitable to install the server with suitable reason? Ans. (i) LAN and MAN. (ii) Switch/Hub. (iii) Optical fibre. (iv)

An effective method/technology for connecting the company’s offices–unit located in Mumbai is dial-up or broadband. (v) Research lab is suitable to install the server because it has maximum number of computers.

Question. Learn Together is an educational NGO. It is setting up its new campus at Jabalpur for its web-based activities. The campus has four compounds as shown in the diagram below:

(i) Suggest a cable layout of connections between the compounds. (ii) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. compound) to house the server for this NGO. Also, provide a suitable reason for your suggestion. (iii) Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification: (a) Repeater (b) Hub/Switch (iv) The NGO is planning to connect its international office situated in Mumbai, which out of the following wired communication link, will you suggest for a very high speed connectivity? (a) Telephone analog line (b) Optical fibre (c) Ethernet cable. (v) Expand the following • LAN • PAN Ans. (i)

(ii) The most suitable place to house the server is Training Compound as it has maximum number of computers. (iii) (a) Repeater As per one layout (shown in (i )), the repeater can be avoided as all distances between the compounds are <=100 m. (b) Hub/Switch Training compound as it is hosting the server. (iv) (b) Optical fibre. (v) • Local Area Network • Personal Area Network

Case Study Chapter 4 Planning

Case Study Chapter 9 Globalisation

Case Study Chapter 1 The Cold War Era

Computer Networks - I

Class 12 - computer science with python sumita arora, checkpoint 10.1.

Write two advantages and disadvantages of networks.

Two advantages of networks are:

It allows sharing of resources like printers, scanners.
It allows sharing of storage i.e., files can be shared over a network.

Two disadvantages of networks are:

If networks are badly managed, services can become unusable and productivity falls.
If software and files are held centrally, it may be impossible to carry out any work if the central server fails.

What is ARPAnet ? What is NSFnet ?

NSFnet was the high-capacity network started by the National Science Foundation which was more capable than ARPAnet. NSFnet allowed only academic research on its network and not any kind of private business on it.

What do you understand by InterSpace ?

InterSpace is a client/server software program that allows multiple users to communicate online with real-time audio, video and text chat in dynamic 3D environments.

What is a communication channel ? Name the basic types of communication channels available.

A communication channel is a means of communication between two devices or workstations i.e., it refers to the medium used to carry information or data from one point to another. Communication channels can be grouped in two categories:

Twisted-Pair Cables
Coaxial Cables
Fiber-optic Cables

Define baud, bps and Bps. How are these interlinked ?

Baud is the unit of measurement for the information carrying capacity of a communication channel. It is synonymous with bps (bits per second).

bps refers to bits per second. It refers to the speed at which data transfer is measured. It is generally used to measure the speed of information through high speed phone lines or modems.

Bps refers to bytes per second.

All these terms are units of measurement for the information carrying capacity of a communication channel.

What are the various types of networks?

The types of network can be categorised based on geographical spread as well as component roles.

On the basis of geographical spread, networks can be of following types:

LAN (Local Area Network)
WAN (Wide Area Network)
PAN (Personal Area Network)
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

On the basis of component roles, networks can be of following types:

Client-server network
Peer-to-peer network

What is the difference between LAN and WAN?

Question 8(i)

Write two advantages and disadvantages of optical fibres.

Some advantages of optical fibres are:

It is immune to electrical and magnetic interference.
It guarantees secure transmission and has a very high transmission capacity.

Some disadvantages of optical fibres are:

They are the most expensive of all the cables.
Connecting either two fibers together or a light source to a fiber is a difficult process.

Question 8(ii)

Write two advantages and disadvantages of satellites.

Some advantages of satellites are:

The area coverage is quite large.
Satellites can cover large areas and are particularly useful for sparsely populated areas.

Some disadvantages of satellites are:

Technological limitations preventing the deployment of large, high gain antennas on the satellite platform.
Over-crowding of available bandwidths due to low antenna gains.

Question 8(iii)

Write two advantages and disadvantages of microwaves.

Some advantages of micro waves are:

It proves cheaper than cables.
It offers ease of communication over difficult terrain.

Some disadvantages of micro waves are:

It is an insecure communication.
Bandwidth allocation is extremely limited in case of microwaves.

Write two disadvantages of twisted pair cables.

Two disadvantages of twisted pair cables are:

It is incapable of carrying a signal over long distances without the use of repeaters due to high attenuation.
Its low bandwidth capabilities make it unsuitable for broadband applications.

Question 10

Write an advantage and a disadvantage of using coaxial fiber cable.

An advantage of coaxial fiber cable is that it offers higher bandwidths of upto 400 Mbps.

A disadvantage of coaxial fiber cable is that it is expensive compared to twisted pair cables.

Question 11

What is the difference between LAN and PAN?

Checkpoint 10.2

What is meant by topology ? Name some popular topologies.

The pattern of interconnection of nodes in a network is called the Topology.

The most popular topologies are as follows:

Bus or Linear topology
Ring or Circular topology
Star topology
Tree topology
Mesh topology
Fully connected topology

What are the factors that must be considered before making a choice for the topology ?

The factors that must be considered before making a choice for the topology are as follows:

Cruciality of Work — How crucial the continuity of work is a very important factor. For instance, military networks must not fail at any cost thus fully connected topology is preferred for military networks.
Cost — Keeping in mind the budget, we should decide about a topology. A linear bus topology network may be the least expensive way to install a network. Fully connected is the most expensive way of creating a network.
Length of cable needed — Sometimes, length of cable must be saved. The linear bus topology network uses shorter lengths of cable.
Future growth — If a network has to grow in future, then the topology must support expansion. With a star topology, expanding a network is easily done by adding another concentrator.
Communication Media — Sometimes, difficult terrains like hilly areas do not allow use of regular cables. For such conditions, linear bus topologies are not possible. The most common cable in schools is unshielded twisted pair, which is most often used with star topologies.

What are the similarities and differences between bus and tree topologies ?

Similarities

Transmission can be done in both the directions, and can be received by all other stations.
There is no need to remove packets from the medium.

Differences

Tree topology is a network with the shape of an inverted tree with the central root branching and sub-branching to the extremities of the network whereas in bus topology, all devices on network are connected to a single continuous cable called a bus.
Tree topology is expensive and difficult to maintain as compared to Bus Topology.

What are the limitations of star topology ?

The limitations of star topology are as follows:

A large quantity of cable is required to connect each node to the center.
It is difficult to expand.
If the central node in a star network fails, the entire network is rendered inoperable.

When do you think, ring topology becomes the best choice for a network ?

Ring topology becomes the best choice for a network when we need less connection of wires, have limited space and require very fast communication speed as optical fiber offers very high transmission speed in one direction.

Write the two advantages and two disadvantages of bus topology in network.

The two advantages of bus topology in a network are:

It requires shorter cable length and has a simple wiring layout.
It provides a resilient architecture making it very reliable from a hardware point of view.

The two disadvantages of bus topology in a network are:

Fault diagnosis and isolation is difficult.
Reconfiguration is required when the network has its backbone extended using repeaters.

Question 7(i)

Give two advantages and two disadvantages of Mesh topology.

Two advantages of mesh topology are:

It provides extensive back-up and rerouting capabilities.
Each node is connected to more than one node to provide an alternative route in the case the host is either down or too busy.

Two disadvantages of mesh topology are:

Mesh networks can be complex to design, implement, and manage, especially as the number of nodes increases.
Maintenance and troubleshooting in mesh networks can be challenging due to their decentralized nature.

Question 7(ii)

Give two advantages and two disadvantages of tree topology.

Two advantages of tree topology are:

It uses point-to-point wiring for individual segments.
It is supported by several hardware and software vendors.

Two disadvantages of tree topology are:

Overall length of each segment is limited by the type of cabling used.
If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down.

Question 7(iii)

Give two advantages and two disadvantages of bus topology.

Checkpoint 10.3

What are the types of addresses that play role in identifying a node on a network ?

The types of addresses that play role in identifying a node on a network are as follows :

MAC Address

What is the name of:

(i) the logical address,

(ii) the physical address?

(i) The name of logical address is IP address (Internet Protocol address).

(ii) The name of physical address is MAC address (Media Access Control address).

What is the size of a MAC address?

The size of a MAC address is 6-byte (48 bits).

What is the structure of a MAC address?

A MAC address is a 6-byte address with each byte separated by a colon. The first three bytes (24 bits) of MAC address are the manufacturer-id or the Organisational Unique Identifier (OUI) (assigned to manufacturer by IEEE) and the last three bytes (24 bits) are the card-number (assigned by manufacturer). For example, a sample MAC address could be: 10 : B5 : 03 : 63 : 2E : FC . Here, 10 : B5 : 03 is the manufacturer-id and 63 : 2E : FC is the card number assigned by the manufacturer.

What are two types of IP addresses and what are their sizes?

The two types of IP addresses are as follows:

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) — It is a 4-byte (32 bit) address.
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) — It is a 16-byte (128 bit) address.

Multiple Choice Questions

Two devices are in network if

a process in one device is able to exchange information with a process in another device

a process is running on both devices
the processes running of different devices are of same type
none of the mentioned

Reason — A computer network is a collection of interconnected autonomous computing device, so as to exchange information and share resources.

What is a standalone computer ?

A computer that is not connected to a network

A computer that is being used as a server
A computer that does not have any peripherals attached to it
A computer that is used by only one person

Reason — A computer that is not connected to a network is a stand alone computer.

Which of the following statements about a network is FALSE ?

Resources such as printers can be shared
Viruses can spread to other computers throughout a computer network

Files cannot be shared between users

Communication becomes easier with nodes

Reason — Files can be shared between users on the network.

Central Computer which is powerful than other computers in the network is called as ...............

Reason — A computer that facilitates the sharing of data, software, and hardware resources on the network, is called a Server.

What are some reasons behind using a network over stand-alone computers ?

Increased security - user access to the network is controlled

Data transfer can be controlled
Sharing resources and devices
Centralisation of data

Reason — The reason behind using a network over stand-alone computers is increased security through controlled user access.

Network in which every computer is capable of playing the role of a client, or a server or both at same time is called

peer-to-peer network

local area network
dedicated server network
wide area network

Reason — Network in which every computer is capable of playing the role of a client, or a server or both at same time is called peer-to-peer network.

What is a server in a computer network ?

Someone who manages the network
The name for a large number of computer cables

A powerful computer that provides a service, such as centralised file storage

A software running on one of the network computers

Reason — A server is a computer that provides services such as centralized file storage, data sharing, and access to software and hardware resources on the network.

In peer-to-peer network, each computer in a network is referred as

Reason — Each computer in P2P network controls its own information and plays role of either a client or a server depending upon what is needed at that point of time.

Which of these statements is/are TRUE about a LAN ?

A LAN connects computers in a small area such as an office
A modem is needed to connect a computer to a LAN
A LAN consists of only one computer
A LAN can have geographical area up to 1 km

A LAN connects computers in a small area such as an office A LAN can have geographical area up to 1 km

Reason — Small computer networks that are confined to a localised area upto 1 km (e.g., an office, a building or a factory) are known as Local Area Networks (LANs).

Which of the following networks is LEAST likely to be a WAN ?

The Internet

A school network

A network of ATMs
A network of lab computers of a testing lab

Reason — Wide Area Network (WAN) is a group of computers that are separated by large distances and tied together. While schools have Local Area Networks (LANs), these networks are confined to the school's premises.

Pick from the situations below where you would pick WLAN over a LAN

Devices to be linked are mobile devices like laptops and smartphones spread over a large geographical area
Connecting devices keep moving from cities to countries
Devices to be linked are stationed within a small secluded place inside a city
Expenses to setup a network are limited

Devices to be linked are mobile devices like laptops and smartphones spread over a large geographical area Connecting devices keep moving from cities to countries

Reason — WLAN (Wireless local area network) is preferable when devices are mobile and spread over large areas, ensuring flexibility and continuous connectivity.

Question 12

Pick from the situations below where you would pick LAN over a WLAN

Devices to be linked are stationed within a small secluded place inside a city Expenses to setup a network are limited

Reason — LAN is preferable when devices are stationary within a small area and expenses to setup the network should be kept lower.

Question 13

Pick from the situations below where you would pick PAN over a WLAN

Connecting devices are confined within a room
Connecting devices are within the range of same Wifi

Connecting devices are confined within a room Connecting devices are within the range of same Wifi

Reason — A Personal Area Network (PAN) is the interconnection of information technology devices within the range of an individual person, typically up to 10 meters, e.g., using the same Wi-Fi network. Therefore, the above situations are suited for the use of PANs.

Question 14

Which switching method offers a dedicated transmission channel ?

Packet switching

Circuit switching
Message switching
None of these

Reason — In circuit switching technique, first an end-to-end path (connection) between computers is set up before any data can be sent. Therefore, this method offers a dedicated transmission channel.

Question 15

The packets in ............... are independently sent, meaning that they can take different paths through the network to reach their intended destination.

none of these

Reason — In packet switching, packets are sent independently, allowing them to traverse various paths through the network to reach their destination.

Question 16

A local telephone network is an example of a ............... network.

Packet switched

Circuit switched

Message switched
All of these

Reason — When we make a telephone call, the switching equipment within the telephone system seeks out a physical copper path all the way from the sender's telephone to the receiver's telephone. Hence, an end-to-end path is set up before any data can be sent. Therefore, a local telephone network is an example of a circuit-switched network.

Question 17

Which transmission media is capable of having a much higher bandwidth (data capacity) ?

Twisted pair cable

Untwisted cable
Fibre optic

Reason — Optical fibers consist of thin strands of glass which are so constructed that they carry light from a source at one end of the fiber to a detector at the other end. Thus, the bandwidth of the medium is potentially very high.

Question 18

Which type of transmission media is the least expensive to manufacture?

Reason — Twisted pair cable is the least expensive to manufacture.

Question 19

Which of these components is internal to a computer and is required to connect the computer to a network?

Wireless Access Point

Network Interface card

Reason — Each workstation needs an NIC (Network Interface card) to help establish a connection with the network because without this, the workstations will not be able to share network resources.

Question 20

Which of the following is the fastest media of data transfer ?

Co-axial Cable
Untwisted Wire
Telephone Lines

Fibre Optic

Reason — Fibre Optic is the fastest media of data transfer because the information travels on a modulated light beam.

Question 21

What factors should be considered when selecting the appropriate cable for connecting a PC to a network ? (Choose two)

type of system bus
motherboard model
distance of cable run
speed of transmission
computer manufacturer

distance of cable run speed of transmission

Reason — Distance of cable run and speed of transmission should be considered when selecting the appropriate cable for connecting a PC to a network.

Question 22

What are two advantages of using UTP cable in a networking environment? (Choose two)

is stiffer than STP
is less expensive than fiber
is easier to install than coaxial
provides longer distances than coaxial provides
is less susceptible to outside noise sources than fiber is

is less expensive than fiber is easier to install than coaxial

Reason — Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable is less expensive than fiber optic cable and is easier to install than coaxial cable.

Question 23

In fiber optics, the signal is ............... waves.

very low frequency

Reason — Fiber optics transmit data using light signals through optical fibers.

Question 24

Which of the following is not a guided medium ?

twisted-pair cable
coaxial cable
fiber-optic cable

Radio-waves

Reason — Radio waves are unguided medium as they are waves through the air.

Question 25

Radio-waves, microwaves and infrared waves are types of

wireless transmission
guided transmission
wired transmission
unguided transmission

wireless transmission unguided transmission

Reason — Radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves are types of wireless transmission, also known as unguided transmission, because they propagate through the air or vacuum as waves.

Question 26

Twisted-pair, Coaxial and Fiber optic are types of

guided transmission wired transmission

Reason — Twisted-pair, coaxial, and fiber optic are types of wired transmission, also known as guided transmission, because they utilize cables.

Question 27

What are two advantages of using fiber-optic cabling instead of UTP? (Choose two.)

easier to install
allows longer distances
less effected by external signals
easier to terminate the cable ends

allows longer distances less effected by external signals

Reason — Optical fiber is immune to electrical and magnetic interference because the information is travelling on a modulated light beam. Hence, they allow long distance data transmission.

Question 28

This is a technical term that describes the layout of connections in a network.

Network Topology

Network server
Network Node
Switching technique

Reason — The pattern of interconnection of nodes in a network is called the network topology.

Question 29

Which network topology requires a central controller or hub?

Reason — Star topology consists of a central node to which all other nodes are connected by a single path.

Question 30

Which topology requires a multipoint connection on a single cable?

Reason — Bus topology requires a multipoint connection on a single cable as it consists of a single length of transmission medium onto which the various nodes are attached.

Question 31

Which of the following topologies contains a backbone cable running through the whole length of the network?

Reason — Bus topology contains a backbone cable running through the whole length of the network to which all the nodes are attached.

Question 32

Which of the following devices can be used at the centre of a star topology?

Reason — A hub can be used at the centre of a star topology as it has multiple ports that are used for connecting multiple computers.

Question 33

If a computer connected to a star topology fails, the entire network will ...............

work unaffectedly

only server will work

Reason — Star topology consists of a central node to which all other nodes are connected by a single path. Thus, failure of a single connection typically involves disconnection of one node from an otherwise fully functional network.

Question 34

A combination of bus and star topologies is called a ............... topology.

Combination

Reason — The shape of tree topology network is that of an inverted tree with the central root branching and sub-branching to the extremities of the network.

Question 35

Internet is an example of ............... topology.

Reason — The internet operates on a bus topology where data flows through interconnected networks via a central backbone network.

Question 36

Which type of network needs 'terminators' to function correctly ?

Reason — Bus topology requires terminators at either end, which absorb the signal, to function correctly.

Question 37

............... topology uses hubs or switches as a central point of connection :

Reason — Star topology uses hubs or switches as a central point of connection.

Fill in the Blanks

A computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area is called WAN .

WAN stands for Wide Area Network .

Wired networks' communication media is called guided media.

Wireless networks' communication media is called unguided media.

A network of networks is known as internet .

In a network, a machine is identified by unique address called IP address .

The physical address assigned by NIC manufacturer is called MAC address.

A MAC address consumes 6 bytes or 48 bits.

A network with a dedicated server is called a client/server network.

A computer, part of a computer network is called a node/host .

A network having a span within a building is called a LAN .

Computers connected by a network across different cities is an example of MAN .

The hub is a central connection point where all network cables are concentrated.

The bus topology has a central line and all nodes are connected to it.

The star topology has a central controller.

The tree topology is said to be a combination of star and bus topologies.

In mesh topology, there exists multiple paths between any two nodes of the network.

The PAN is a small network created by linking many personal devices.

The communication media having physical cables are collectively known as guided media.

The communication media that uses atmosphere for information transfer and no physical cables, are collectively known as unguided media.

The bleeding of a signal from one wire to another in a twisted pair cable, is known as cross talk .

High bandwidth channels are called broad band channels.

Low bandwidth channels are called narrow band channels.

Satellites have multiple, independent reception and transmission devices known as transponders .

True/False Questions

A LAN is connected to large geographical area.

Reason — A LAN is connected to a small geographical area, typically up to 1 km.

A client is the computer that asks for the action in a network.

Reason — A client is a computer on the network that requests and utilizes network resources.

A computer is identified by 64 bit IP address.

Reason — A computer is identified by 32 bit IP address (IPv4) and 128 bit IP address (IPv6).

Every object on the Internet has a unique URL.

Reason — Every object on the Internet, such as web pages, images, videos, documents, etc., typically has a unique URL (Uniform Resource Locator).

A stand alone computer may also be referred to as host.

Reason — The term "host" refers to a computer connected to a network that seeks to share resources. A standalone computer cannot be used as a host because it is not connected to the network.

Big networks can be of peer-to-peer types.

Reason — Peer-to-peer networks are small networks.

MAC address is a 48 bit address.

Reason — MAC address is a 48 bit address (6-byte).

LAN is the biggest network geographically.

Reason — Wide Area Network (WAN) is the largest network geographically because it spreads across countries or over a very large geographical area, encompassing multiple cities, countries, or continents.

LAN is the smallest network geographically.

Reason — Personal Area Network (PAN) is the smallest network geographically because it operates within the range of an individual person, typically up to 10 meters.

PAN is the smallest network geographically.

The Internet is an example of WAN.

Reason — A WAN covers a large geographical area across different locations. The internet spans the entire globe, connecting millions of networks and devices worldwide. Therefore, the Internet is an example of a Wide Area Network (WAN).

The bus topology is the simplest topology.

Reason — The bus topology requires short cables and features a simple wiring layout. It provides a resilient architecture, which enhances hardware reliability. Therefore, the bus topology is considered as the simplest network topologies.

The star topology ensures that the network will work even when a node fails.

Reason — In a star topology, each node is connected directly to a central node. If one node fails or its connection is disrupted, it only affects that individual node's connectivity. The rest of the network remains operational because the failure is contained within that specific node's connection.

Out of LAN, MAN and PAN, the smallest network is LAN.

Reason — The smallest network among LAN (Local Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), and PAN (Personal Area Network) is PAN (Personal Area Network). PANs typically cover a very small area, usually within the range of 10 meters.

A network having a dedicated server is a peer-to-peer network.

Reason — A network that includes a dedicated server is categorized as a client-server network. A dedicated server operates exclusively as a server within the network.

A network having a dedicated server is known as Master/Slave network.

Reason — A network with a dedicated server is known as Master/Slave network or a client-server network. A dedicated server operates exclusively as a server within the network.

The first network was ARPANET.

Reason — The first network was ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork).

Initially the Internet was formed by interconnecting ARPANET, NSFNet and other university networks.

Reason — Initially, the Internet was formed by interconnecting ARPANET, NSFNet, and various university networks. This process of interconnecting these networks, along with others such as private networks, is known as inter networking, which eventually led to the creation of the Internet as we know it today.

Single mode and multimode are two types of coaxial cables.

Reason — Single mode fiber and multimode fiber are two types of fiber optic cables.

Thicknet and Thinnet are two types of coaxial cables.

Reason — The two types of coaxial cables are thicknet and thinnet.

GTP and STP are two types of fiber optic cables.

Reason — Single mode fiber and multimode fiber are the two types of fiber optic cables.

Single mode and Multimode are fiber optic cables.

Reason — The two types of fiber optic cables are single mode fiber and multimode fiber.

UTP and STP are twisted pair cables.

Reason — UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) and STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) are two types of twisted pair cables.

Assertions and Reasons

Assertion. There is a difference between a standalone computer and a computer as a network node.

Reason. A standalone computer needs a special hardware NIC to be a network node.

Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Explanation A standalone computer operates independently without being connected to a network, while a computer serving as a network node participates in network communication. To function as a network node, a computer requires a Network Interface Card (NIC) hardware, which facilitates communication over the network.

Assertion. A server is a computer but not every computer is a server.

Reason. A computer having the capabilities to serve the requests of other network nodes is a server.

Explanation A computer becomes a server when it possesses the capability to fulfill requests from other network nodes. This aligns with the definition of a server. Therefore, a server is a computer, but not all computers serve the same purpose.

Assertion. On a computer network the users work on network nodes only.

Reason. A server cannot act as a network node.

Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Explanation Users on a computer network interact with various network nodes such as computers, printers, switches, routers, etc., to access resources or services. In a computer network, a server is indeed considered a network node. A network node is any device connected to a network that can communicate with other devices. Servers, which provide services or resources to other devices on the network, are an integral part of network infrastructure and are thus considered network nodes.

Assertion. A local telephone network is an example of circuit switched network.

Reason. In circuit switching, a complete physical connection is established between the source node and the destination node, prior to any transmission.

Explanation When a computer initiates a telephone call, the switching equipment within the telephone system seeks out a physical copper path all the way from sender telephone to the receiver's telephone. This establishes an end-to-end connection before any data transfer. A local telephone network provides an example of a circuit-switched network.

Assertion. In non-circuit switching techniques, the message may take different routes at different times.

Reason. The message switching and packet switching techniques are the same.

Explanation In non-circuit switching techniques such as message switching and packet switching, messages may take different routes at different times. Message switching and packet switching are not the same techniques. In message switching, full message travel across different intermediate hops or switching offices, while packet switching involves dividing messages into packets and packets travel across hops.

Assertion. The tree topology is a hybrid topology created through a combination of Bus and Star topologies.

Reason. In tree topologies, at a time either bus topology transmission is followed or star topology transmission takes place but never both.

Explanation The tree topology is a hybrid topology created through a combination of Bus and Star topologies. In tree topology, transmission takes place in the same way as in the bus topology.

Assertion. The bus and star topologies are widely used topologies.

Reason. Bus topology is the simplest topology and star topology is more robust comparatively.

Explanation Both the bus and star topologies are widely used in networking. The bus topology requires short cables and features a simple wiring layout. It provides a resilient architecture, which enhances hardware reliability. Therefore, the bus topology is considered as the simplest network topologies. While the star topology is known for its robustness, as it provides easy access for service and better fault tolerance compared to other topologies.

Short Answer Questions

What is a network ? What are its goals and applications ?

A network is an interconnected collection of autonomous computers that can share and exchange information and resources.

Major goals and applications of networks are :

Resource Sharing — Through a network, data, software and hardware resources can be shared irrespective of the physical location of the resources and the user.
Reliability — A file can have its copies on two or more computers of the network, so if one of them is unavailable, the other copies could be used. That makes a network more reliable.
Reduced Costs — Since resources can be shared, it greatly reduces the costs.
Fast communication — With networks, it is possible to exchange information at very fast speeds.

Briefly explain how Internet evolved.

In 1969, ARPANET was started by U.S. Department of Defense to connect computers at U.S. defense & different universities. In 1980s, the National Science Foundation started NSFnet to make a high capacity network to be used strictly for academic and engineering research.

In 1990s, many private companies built their own networks, which were later interconnected along with ARPANET and NSFnet to form Internet. Later, the commercial Internet services came into picture, which are running the Internet.

Write a short note on ARPAnet.

ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork) is regarded as the first computer network. It was started by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969 with the goal of connecting the computers at different universities and U.S. defense. It laid the foundations of today's internet. The users of this system began exchanging data and messages on it. They were also able to play long distance games and socialize with people who shared their interests leading to its rapid expansion. The original ARPANET was shut down in 1990.

How does Internet work ?

In Internet, most computers are not connected directly to the Internet. Rather they are connected to smaller networks, which in turn are connected through gateways to the Internet backbone.

Internet functions in the following manner:

At the source computer, the message or the file/document to be sent to another computer is firstly divided into very small parts called packets.
Each packet is given a number serial wise e.g., 1, 2, 3.
All these packets are then sent to the address of destination computer.
The destination computer receives the packets in random manner. If a packet is garbled or lost, it is demanded again.
The packets are reassembled in the order of their number and the original message/file/document is obtained.

Every computer connected to the internet uses communication protocols — Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP).

Write a short note on InterSpace.

InterSpace is a client/server software program that allows multiple users to communicate online with real-time audio, video and text chat in dynamic 3D environments. It provides the most advanced form of communication available on the Internet today.

The Interspace is a vision of what the Internet will become, where users cross-correlate information in multiple ways from multiple sources. It is an applications environment for interconnecting spaces to manipulate information.

What is a network ? What are necessary network elements ?

The necessary network elements are :

Hosts/Nodes
Network hardware
Communication channel
Network services

How is circuit switching different from message switching ?

In circuit switching, a complete physical connection is established between the sender and the receiver and then data is transmitted from the source computer to the destination computer.

In message switching, no physical copper path is established in advance between sender and receiver. Instead when the sender has a block of data to be sent, it is stored in first switching office, then forwarded later, one jump at a time until the data is delivered to the destination computer. It works on the store and forward principle.

How does transmission take place across networks?

Switching techniques are used for transmitting data across networks. The switching techniques used are as follows:

Circuit switching — A complete physical connection is established between the sender and the receiver and then data are transmitted from the source computer to the destination computer.
Message switching — In this form of switching no physical copper path is established in advance between sender and receiver. Instead when the sender has a block of data to be sent, it is stored in first switching office, then forwarded later, one jump at a time until the data is delivered to the destination computer.
Packet switching — A fixed size of packet which can be transmitted across the network is specified. The message is divided into packets and packets travel across hops.

What are communication channels ? Discuss various communication channels available for networks.

A communication channel is a means of communication between two devices or workstations i.e., it refers to the medium used to carry information or data from one point to another.

Communication channels can be grouped in two categories:

Twisted-Pair Cables — These cables consist of two insulated copper wires twisted around each other. These are also used for short and medium range telephone communication.
Coaxial Cables — A coaxial cable consists of one or more small cables in protective covering. These are more expensive than twisted pair cables but perform better.
Fiber-optic Cables — These cables are made of plastic or glass and are about as thick as human hair. These cables are highly durable and offer excellent performance but are expensive.
Microwaves — The microwaves are similar to radio and television signals and are used for long distance communication. Microwave transmission consists of a transmitter, receiver and the atmosphere.
Radiowaves — The transmission making use of radio frequencies is termed as radio-wave transmission.
Satellites — Satellite communication use the synchronous satellite to relay the radio signal transmitted from ground station.

Question 10(i)

Write some advantages and disadvantages of optical fibres.

It is highly suitable for harsh industrial environments.
Fiber optic cables can be used for broadband transmission.
Fiber optic cables are quite fragile and may need special care to make them sufficiently robust.
In order to incept the signal, the fiber must be cut and a detector inserted.
Light can reach the receiver out of phase.
Connection losses are common problems.
They are more difficult to solder.

Question 10(ii)

Write some advantages and disadvantages of coaxial cables.

Some advantages of coaxial cables are:

The data transmission characteristics of coaxial cables are considerably better than that of twisted-pair cables.
They can be used as the basis for a shared cable network.
They can be used for broadband transmission.
They offer higher bandwidths — upto 400 Mbps.

Some disadvantages of coaxial cables are:

They are expensive as compared to twisted pair cables.
They are not compatible with twisted pair cable.

Question 10(iii)

Write some advantages and disadvantages of twisted pair cables.

Some advantages of twisted pair cables are:

It is simple.
It is easy to install and maintain.
It is physically flexible.
It has a low weight.
It can be easily connected.
It is very inexpensive.

Some disadvantages of twisted pair cables are:

It is incapable of carrying a signal over long distances without the use of repeaters.
It is unsuitable for broadband applications due to its low bandwidth capabilities.
It supports maximum data rates of 1 Mbps without conditioning and 10 Mbps with conditioning.

Question 10(iv)

Write some advantages and disadvantages of radio waves.

Some advantages of radio waves are:

Its transmission offers mobility.
It offers freedom from land acquisition rights.

Some disadvantages of radio waves are:

Communication is highly insecure.
Its propagation is susceptible to weather effects like rains, thunder storms etc.

Question 10(v)

Write some advantages and disadvantages of micro waves.

Microwaves have the ability to communicate over oceans.
Signals from a single antenna may split up and propagate by slightly different paths to the receiving antenna. When these out-of-phase signals recombine, they interfere, reducing the signal strength.
Its propagation is susceptable to weather effects like rains, thunder storm, etc.
The cost of design, implementation, and maintenance of microwave links is high.

Question 10(vi)

Write some advantages and disadvantages of satellites.

The laying and maintenance of intercontinental cable is difficult and expensive and this is where the satellite proves to be the best alterative.
The heavy usage of intercontinental traffic makes the satellite commercially attractive.
Satellites can cover large areas of the Earth. This is particularly useful for sparsely populated areas.
The high investment cost and insurance cost associated with significant probability of failure.
High atmospheric losses above 30 GHz limit carrier frequencies.

What are types of twisted pair cables ?

The types of twisted pair cables are as follows :

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cable

What are types of coaxial cables ?

The types of coaxial cables are as follows :

Thicknet coaxial cable
Thinnet coaxial cable

What are the types of fiber optic cables ?

The types of fiber optic cables are as follows :

Single mode fiber cable
Multimode fiber cable

What is bandwidth ? How is it measured ?

Bandwidth refers to the width of allocated band of frequencies to a channel. It is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies of a transmission channel. Bandwidth is directly proportional to the amount of data transmitted or received per unit time.

In digital systems, bandwidth is data speed in bits per second (bps), bytes per second (Bps), mega bytes per second (MBps).

In analog systems, bandwidth is measured in cycles per second — kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (mHz), gigahertz (GHz) and terahertz (THz).

What do you understand by data transfer rates ?

The data transfer rate represents the amount of data transferred per second by communications channel or a computing or storage device.

Data rate is measured in units of bits per second (bps), bytes per second (Bps), or baud.

In initial years, a modem providing a data rates of 56 kbps for downloading and 14.4 kbps for uploading was considered a good modem. How many bits per second could it download and upload ?

For downloading: 56 kbps = 56,000 bits per second (1 kilo bit = 1000 bits)

For uploading: 14.4 kbps = 14,400 bits per second

So, the modem could download data at a rate of 56,000 bits per second and upload data at a rate of 14,400 bits per second.

Discuss and compare various types of networks.

Based on geographical spread, networks can be of four types:

LAN (Local Area Network) — Small computer networks that are confined to a localised area such as a building or factory, are known as Local Area Networks (LANs). LANs have geographical spread of upto 1 km.
WAN (Wide Area Network) — The networks spread across countries or on a very big geographical area are known as WANs. The WANs link computers to facilitate fast and efficient exchange of information at lesser costs and higher speeds. The largest WAN in existence is the Internet.
PAN (Personal Area Network) — It is the interconnection of information technology devices within the range of an individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters. PAN could also be interconnected without wires to the Internet or other networks.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) — MAN refers to a network that is spread over an area as big as a city.

Based on component roles, network can be of two types:

Peer-to-Peer networks — Computers in peer-to-peer network can act as both servers sharing resources and as clients using the resources. A peer-to-peer network has upto ten computers.
Client/Server Networks — Server-based networks provide centralized control of network resources and rely on server computers to provide security and network administration. A client computer requests and utilizes network resources and a server is dedicated to processing client requests. Bigger networks prefer to have this type of network with centralized control.

Identify the network type from the following characteristics :

used in personal space of a person
covers range of 10-15 metres
uses bluetooth/infrared or wifi etc. for connections.

The network type that matches the given characteristics is the Personal Area Network (PAN).

no outside connection
interconnected devices within a factory or a building
very high speeds
secure network

The network type that matches the given characteristics is the Local Area Network (LAN).

Identify the network type :

Mostly used in homes
All computers are connected with each other
Data exchange without any dedicated servers
Limited number of computers

The network type that matches the given characteristics is the Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P).

Big area geographically (countries/continents)
Result of interconnected networks

The network type that matches the given characteristics is the Wide Area Network (WAN).

Explain various mostly used topologies.

The most used topologies are as follows:

Bus or Linear topology — In this topology, all devices on network are connected to a single continuous cable called a bus. Transmission from any station travels the length of the bus in both directions and can be received by all other stations. The destination device, on identifying the address on data packet copies the data onto its disk. When the data packet reaches at either end the terminator on that end absorbs the signal, removing it from the bus. This topology can be used for smaller networks.
Ring Topology — In this topology, each node is connected to two and only two neighbouring nodes. Data is accepted from one of the neighbouring nodes and is transmitted onwards to another. Thus data travels in one direction only, from node to node around the ring. After passing through each node, it returns to the sending node, which removes it.
Star Topology — In this topology each workstation is directly linked to a central node. Devices can be easily plugged or unplugged to the central node, as need dictates. Any communication between the stations must pass through the central node.
Tree Topology — In this topology the network is shaped as an inverted tree with the central root branching and sub-branching to the extremities of the network. Transmission in this topology takes place in the same way as in bus topology.
Mesh topology — In this topology, each node is connected to more than one node to provide an alternative route in the case the host is either down or too busy.
Fully Connected topology — When in a network each host is connected to other directly i.e., there is a direct link between each host, then the network is said to be fully connected. This characteristic is termed as full connectivity.

Discuss the factors that govern the selection of a topology for a network.

The factors that govern the selection of a topology for a network are as follows:

Cost — Keeping in mind the budget, the topology should be decided based on cost. A linear bus topology network may be the least expensive way to install a network. Fully connected is the most expensive way of creating a network.

Question 24(i)

Compare and contrast Star and Bus topologies.

Question 24(ii)

Compare and contrast Star and Tree topologies.

Question 24(iii)

Compare and contrast Bus and Ring topologies.

Long Answer Questions

Internet is a network of networks. How did it come into existence ? How does it function ?

The seeds of today's Internet were planted in 1969, when U.S. Department of Defense sponsored a project named ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork). The goal of this project was to connect computers at different universities and U.S. defense. Soon the engineers, scientists, students and researchers, who were part of this system, began exchanging data and messages on it. The users of this system were also able to play long distance games and socialize with people who shared their interests. ARPANET started with a handful of computers but it expanded rapidly.

In mid 80's, another federal agency, the National Science Foundation, created a new, high-capacity network called NSFnet, which was more capable than ARPANET. NSFnet allowed only the academic research on its network and not any kind of private business on it. So many private companies built their own networks, which were later interconnected along with ARPANET and NSFnet to form Internet.

It was the Inter networking i.e., the linking of these two and some other networks that was named Internet. The original ARPANET was shut down in 1990, and the government funding for NSF discontinued in 1995. But the commercial Internet services came into picture, which are running the Internet.

The Internet is a world-wide network of computer networks. In Internet, most computers are not connected directly to the Internet. Rather they are connected to smaller networks, which in turn are connected through gateways to the Internet backbone.

The Internet functions in the following way:

At the source computer, the message or the file/document to be sent to another computer is firstly divided into very small parts called packets. A packet generally contains some information.
Each packet is given a number serialwise e.g., 1, 2, 3.

Discuss various types of networks. Can you imagine the relationship of a LAN with a WAN ? What is it ? Discuss.

LAN or Local Area Network refers to small computer networks that are confined to a localised area of upto 1 km. WAN or Wide Area Network refers to networks spread across countries or on a very big geographical area.

A Wide Area Network (WAN) can be a group of LANs that are spread across several locations and connected together to look like one big LAN. The WANs link computers to facilitate fast and efficient exchange of information at lesser costs and higher speeds.

What is switching ? Discuss various switching technologies.

The technique by which nodes of a network transmit data to other nodes, is known as switching technique.

The three switching techniques are as follows:

Circuit switching — A complete physical connection is established between the sender and the receiver and then data are transmitted from the source computer to the destination computer. A local telephone network is an example of a circuit-switched network.
Message switching — In this technique, the source computer sends message to the switching office first, which stores the data in its buffer. It then looks for a free link to another switching office and then sends the data to this office. This process is continued until the data are delivered to the destination computers. This working principle is known as store and forward i.e., store first, forward later, one jump at a time. Here full messages travel across different intermediate hops.

What is communication media ? Discuss different types of communication media used in networks.

Communication media refer to the ways, means or channels of transmitting message from sender to the receiver.

Communication media can be grouped in two categories:

Twisted-Pair Cables — These cables consist of two identical wires wrapped together in a double helix. These are also used for short and medium range telephone communication. The two types of twisted pair cables are Unshielded twisted pair cable (UTP) and Shielded twisted pair cable (STP).
Coaxial Cables — This type of cable consists of a solid wire core surrounded by one or more foil or wire shields, each separated by some kind of plastic insulator. The inner core carries the signal, and the shield provides the ground. It is suitable for high speed communication. It is widely used for television signals. The two types of coaxial cables are thicknet and thinnet coaxial cable.
Fiber-optic Cables — Optical fibres consist of thin strands of glass or glass like material which are so constructed that they carry light from a source at one end of the fiber to a detector at the other end. The fiber consists of core, cladding, protective coating. The bandwidth of the medium is very high. The two types of optical fibres are single mode and multimode fiber cables.
Microwaves — The microwaves are similar to radio and television signals and are used for long distance communication. Microwave transmission consists of a transmitter, receiver and the atmosphere. The microwave transmission is line-of-sight transmission.
Radiowaves — The transmission making use of radio frequencies is termed as radio-wave transmission. This transmission includes transmitter, receiver and antenna.
Satellites — Satellite communication use the synchronous satellite to relay the radio signal transmitted from ground station. This transmission includes transponders.

Discuss various Guided media.

Guided media include cables. There are three basic types of cables :

Discuss various Unguided media.

Unguided media include waves through air, water or vacuum. Unguided communication media are as follows:

What are different types of networks based on roles of computers ?

The different types of networks based on roles of computers are as follows :

What are different types of networks based on geographical spread ?

The different types of networks based on geographical spread are as follows :

What are topologies ? Why are they important ? Discuss different topologies and advantages/disadvantages they offer.

The patterns of interconnection of nodes in a network are called Topologies. Topology is important as it affects the choice of media and the access method used.

The types of topologies are as follows:

Star Topology — This topology consists of a central node to which all other nodes are connected by a single path. Advantages are :

It provide easy access for service.
Access protocols are very simple in star topology.
There is a centralized control/problem diagnosis.
Failure of single connection involves disconnecting only that node without affecting network.

Disadvantages are :

It requires long cable length.
There is a central node dependency.

Bus or Linear topology — This topology consists of a single length of the transmission medium onto which the various nodes are attached. Transmission from any station travels the length of the bus in both directions and can be received by all other stations. The destination device, on identifying the address on data packet copies the data onto its disk. When the data packet reaches at either end the terminator on that end absorbs the signal, removing it from the bus. Advantages :

It requires short cable length and simple wiring layout.
It provides resilient architecture.
This topology can be expanded easily.

Disadvantages :

Fault diagnosis is difficult in this topology.
Fault isolation is difficult in bus topology.
Repeater configuration is necessary.
Nodes must be intelligent in bus topology.

Tree Topology — This topology is combination of bus and star topologies. The shape of the network is that of an inverted tree with the central root branching and sub-branching to the extremities of the network. Transmission in this topology takes place in the same way as in bus topology. Advantages :

It is flexible and scalable.
It is more difficult to configure and wire than other topologies.

Ring or Circular Topology — In this topology, each node is connected to two and only two neighbouring nodes. Thus data travels in one direction only, from node to node around the ring. After passing through each node, it returns to the sending node, which removes it. Advantages :

The chances of data collisions are low due to unidirectional flow of data.
They are simple to design and implement.
Node failure breaks the ring and communication stops.
Difficulty in troubleshooting.

Mesh topology — In this topology, each node is connected to more than one node to provide an alternative route in the case the host is either down or too busy. Advantages :

Fully Connected topology — When in a network, there is a direct link between each host, then the network is said to be fully connected. This characteristic is termed as full connectivity. Advantages :

Data travels quickly because devices are directly connected to each other.
If one connection fails, there are other paths for communication to continue, making the network robust.
Managing all the connections can be complicated.
Setting up and maintaining a fully connected network can be expensive.

Write a note on the functioning of the Internet.

Every computer connected to the Internet uses communication protocols — Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP).

CS-IP-Learning-Hub

Important Questions and Notes

100+ Best MCQ Introduction to Computer Networks Class 12

Introduction to computer networks.

Q1. A group of two or more similar things or people interconnected with each other is called ________________

a. Internet

b. Intranet

Show Answer Ans. c. Network

Q2. Which of the following are examples of network in our everyday life ?

a. Social Network

b. Mobile Network

c. Airlines network.

d. All of the above

Show Answer Ans. d. All of the above

Q3. A ________________ network is an interconnection among two or more computers or computing devices.

a. computer

Show Answer Ans. a. computer

Q4. In Computer network, we can share ______

b. Resources

c. Both of the above

d. None of the above

Show Answer Ans. c. Both of the above

Q5. Computer in a network is called ______________

a. Network Computer

c. Special Computer

Show Answer Ans. b. Node

Q6. For communication, data in a network is divided into smaller chunks called ____________

a. Small data

Show Answer Ans. c. Packets

Q7. Apart from computers, networks include networking devices like ____________

Q8. devices in a network can be connected through __ _____________.

a. Wired media

b. Wireless media

Q9. Which of the following is used in computer network?

Q10. in a communication network, each device that is a part of a network and that can receive, create, store or send data to different network routes is called a ______.

b. Network Computer

Show Answer Ans. a. Node

Q11. A network which is formed by interconnection of two mobile phone through Bluetooth is called _____________

Show Answer Ans. c. PAN

Q12. LAN stands for __________________

a. Local Arm Network

b. Local Area Network

c. Line Area Network

d. Local Area Net

Show Answer Ans. b. Local Area Network

Q13. _____________ is a network that connects computers, mobile phones, tablet, mouse, printer, etc., placed at a limited distance of 1km.

Show Answer Ans. b. LAN

Q14. Which of the following can be used as communication medium in LAN?

a. Ethernet Cable

b. Optical fibre

Q15. Mbps stands for _____

a. Mega byte per second

b. Million byte per second

c. Megabits per second

d. Morebits per second

Show Answer Ans. c. Megabits per second

Q16. Which of the following can be shared over a network?

b. Storage space

Q17. LAN provide communication with the data transfer rates.

a. short range, high speed

b. long range, high speed

c. long range, low speed

d. short range, low speed

Show Answer Ans. a. short range, high speed

Q18. 5Gbps = _ ______

d. 5000Mbps

Show Answer Ans. d. 5000Mbps

Q19. MAN stands for _______

a. Metro Area Network

b. Metropolitan Area Network

c. Metropolitan Architect Network

d. Main Area Network

Show Answer Ans. b. Metropolitan Area Network

Q20. Which of the following covers a larger geographical area like a city or a town.

Show Answer Ans. a. MAN

Q21. WAN stands for ___________

a. Wide Area Network

b. World Area Network

c. Wonder Area ?Network

d. Wider Area Network

Show Answer Ans. a. Wide Area Network

Q22. ISP stands for ______________

a. Internet Series Provider

b. Internet Service Provider

c. Intranet Service Provider

d. Internet Super Provider

Show Answer Ans.

Q23. ARPANET stands for ______________

a. Advanced Research Project Administration Network

b. Advanced Research Promote Agency Network

c. Admin Research Project Agency Network

d. Advanced Research Project Agency Network

Show Answer Ans. d. Advanced Research Project Agency Network

Q24. Modem stands for ______

a. Modulator-Demo

b. Modern Demodulator

c. Modulator Demodulator

d. Modulo Demodulo

Show Answer Ans. c. Modulator Demodulator

Q25. NIC stands for ________________________

a. Network Internet Card

b. New Interface Card

c. New Internet Card

d. Network Interface Card

Show Answer Ans. d. Network Interface Card

Q26. Wi-Fi stands for _______________

a. Wireless Fidelity

b. Wireless Foundation

c. Wire Firm

d. Wire Fidelity

Show Answer Ans. a. Wireless Fidelity

Q27. VoIP stands for __________

a. Voice Internet Protocol

b. Voice Over Internet Protocol

c. Voice Internet Procedure

d. Voice Over Internet Provider

Show Answer Ans. b. Voice Over Internet Protocol

Q28. WWW stands for ________________________

a. World Wide Web

b. Web World Wide

c. Wide World Web

d. Wide Web Word

Show Answer Ans. a. World Wide Web

Q29. URI stands for ______

a. Uniform Resource in India

b. Universal Resource Identifier

c. Uniform Resource Identifier

d. Uniform Remember Identifier

Show Answer Ans. c. Uniform Resource Identifier

Q30. HTML stands for __________

a. Hyper Text Markup Language

b. Hyper Try Markup Language

c. Hypertext Textual Markup Language

d. Hyper Text Mark Language

Show Answer Ans. a. Hyper Text Markup Language

Q31. FTP stands for ______

a. File Transfer Protocol

b. Folder Transfer Protocol

c. File Transfer Procedure

d. File Transfer Payment

Show Answer Ans. a. File Transfer Protocol

Q32. Email stands for _____

a. Electric mail

b. Electricity mail

c. Electronic mail

d. Electrical mail

Show Answer Ans. c. Electronic mail

Q33. BCC stands for ________

a. Blank Carbon Copy

b. Blind Carbon Copy

c. Blind Copy Carbon

d. Blank Copy Carbon

Show Answer Ans. b. Blind Carbon Copy

Q34. CSS stands for _________

a. Cascade Store Sheet

b. Cascading Style Shot

c. Cascading Style Sheet

d. Camera Style Sheet

Show Answer Ans. c. Cascading Style Sheet

Q35. DNS stands for ________

a. Domain Name Server

b. Domain Number System

c. Domain Name System

d. Domain Number Server

Show Answer Ans. c. Domain Name System

Q36. Example of WAN is ______________

a. Intranet

b. Internet

c. Cable TV Network

Show Answer Ans. b. Internet

Q37. Which of the following is not a networking device?

Show Answer Ans. d. Bus

Q38. Which of the following is not the type of Network?

Show Answer Ans. c. TAN

Q39. Name a device which convert analog signal to digital and vice versa.

Show Answer Ans. b. Modem

Q40. Which of the following device is connected to both source and destination computer?

Show Answer Ans. c. Modem

Q41. Computer store and process data in form of _______________

a. 0s and 1s

b. Binary Digits

Q42. The modem at the sender’s computer end acts as a ____

b. Modulator

c. Demodulator

d. Converter

Show Answer Ans. b. Modulator

Q43. The modem at the receiver’s computer end acts as a ______

Show Answer Ans. c. Demodulator

Q44. Modem converts the digital data into analog signal at _____

a. Sender Computer end

b. Receiver Computer end

Show Answer Ans. a. Sender Computer end

Q45. Modem converts the analog signal into digital data at _____

a. Receiver Computer end

b. Sender Computer end

Show Answer Ans. a. Receiver Computer end

Q46. Ethernet card is also known as ___________

a. Cable Card

b. Network Interface Card

c. Interface Card

d. Single Card

Show Answer Ans. b. Network Interface Card

Q47. ______ connects the computer to the network through NIC.

a. Optical Fibre

b. Twisted Pair Cable

c. Ethernet cable

Show Answer Ans. c. Ethernet cable

Q48. The cable connection on the Ethernet card is called ____

a. RJ – 45 connection

b. RJ -11 connection.

c. VJ – 49 connection

d. VJ – 21 connection

Show Answer Ans. a. RJ – 45 connection

Q49. Ethernet Card is a _______

a. Software

b. Hardware

c. Freeware

d. Firmware

Show Answer Ans. b. Hardware

Q50. Each NIC has a unique ____________ address, which helps in uniquely identifying the computer on the network.

Show Answer Ans. a. MAC

Q51. The weakened signal appearing on the cable is regenerated and put back on the cable by a _____________.

c. Repeater

Show Answer Ans. c. Repeater

Q52. Aman wants to send the signal through wire to a distance of around 130m. At receiver’s end, he found that signal is weak. Name a device which will help him to regenerate the signal.

d. Repeater

Show Answer Ans. d. Repeater

Q53. ________________ is a network device used to connect different devices through wires.

Show Answer Ans. b. Hub

Q54. In ____________ data is sent to all the connected computers.

Q55. in _________ _ data is sent to only the specific computers..

Show Answer Ans. a. Switch

Q56. Which of the following is not correct about switch?

a. It is an intelligent hub.

b. It sends the signal only to the intended node.

c. It helps to connect multiple computers

d. It can not forward multiple packets at the same time.

Show Answer Ans. d. It can not forward multiple packets at the same time.

Q57. Which of the following device helps to connects a local area network to the internet?

Show Answer Ans. b. Router

Q58. _________________ device acts as a “gate” between an organisation’s network and the outside world of the Internet.

Show Answer Ans. c. Gateway

Q59. Which of the following device helps to connect two different network?

Show Answer Ans. d. Gateway

Q60. ____________ serves as the entry and exit point of a network.

Show Answer Ans. a. Gateway

Q61. If a node from one network wants to communicate with a node of a foreign network, data packet will pass through _______________

c. Ethernet Card

Show Answer Ans. b. Gateway

Q62. The arrangement of computers and other peripherals in a network is called _______

a. Topology

b. Networking

c. Terminology

d. Topologous

Show Answer Ans. a. Topology

Q63. Which of the following is not the topology?

Show Answer Ans. c. Car

Q64. In _____________ topology each communicating device is connected with every other device in the network.

Show Answer Ans. c. Mesh

Q65. To build a fully connected mesh topology of n nodes, it requires _____________ wires.

a. n(n-1)/2

c. n(n-1)/4

d. n(n-1)/3

Show Answer Ans. a. n(n-1)/2

Q66. In a ring topology data can be transmitted only in ________

a. Two direction

b. One direction

c. Three direction

Show Answer Ans. b. One direction

Q67. In bus topology the cable to which the nodes connect is called ___________.

a. Backbone

b. Backwire

c. Main wire

d. Bus bone

Show Answer Ans. a. Backbone

Q68. In _ __ topology each device is directly connected with the central device.

Show Answer Ans. c. Star

Q69. In ____ topo8logy failure in the central networking device may lead to the failure of complete network.

Show Answer Ans. b. Star

Q70. _________ is a hierarchical topology.

Show Answer Ans. a. Tree

Q71. The ____________ is the global network of computing devices including desktop, laptop, servers, tablets, mobile phones etc.

c. Intranet

Show Answer Ans. a. Internet

Q72. Now a days, which of the following devices can be communicated through internet?

Q73. which of the following services are provided through internet, q74. ____ is used to design standardised web pages..

Show Answer Ans. b. HTML

Q75. Identify the domain name from the following address.

www.csiplearninghub.com/QnA/Ch4.html

a. www.csiplearninghub.com

b. www.csiplearninghub.com/QnA

c. www.csiplearninghub.com/QnA/Ch4.html

Show Answer Ans. a. www.csiplearninghub.com

Q76. Which of the following is not a protocol?

Show Answer Ans. d. ATP

Q77. Which of the following is search engine?

Q78. more secure and advanced version of http is ______________.

Show Answer Ans. a. HTTPS

Q79. What is ‘S’ in HTTPS ?

Show Answer Ans. c. Secure

Q80. Which of the following, we can send through Email?

Q81. which of the following is email service providers, q82. __________________ term is used to create an email..

c. Come-Pose

Q83. Identify the example of email account created on Google.

a. [email protected]

b. [email protected]

c. ashu@google

d. [email protected]

Show Answer Ans. b. [email protected]

Q84. _______________ means communicating to people at different geographic locations in real time through text message.

b. Chatting

d. Phishing

Show Answer Ans. b. Chatting

Q85. Which of the following is an example of Instant messenger?

a. WhatsApp

c. Google Talk

Q86. VoIP, allows us to have voice call over the ______________ .

d. Protocol

Q87. Which of the following statement is true in reference to VoIP?

a. Its call quality is dependent on Internet connection speed.

b. VoIP call(s) can be received and made using IP phones from any place having Internet access.

c. VoIP works on the simple principle of converting the analogue voice signals into digital and then transmitting them over the broadband line.

d. All of the above.

Show Answer Ans. d. All of the above.

Q88. __________________ contains information organised in multiple pages about an organisation.

b. Web Server

Show Answer Ans. c. Website

Q89. A website is a collection of _____

a. Web server

b. Web pages

c. Protocols

Show Answer Ans. b. Web pages

Q90. A visitor navigates from one web page to another web page by clicking on ______

c. Hyperlink

Show Answer Ans. c. Hyperlink

Q91. Common purpose for which websites are designed is/are ______________

a. Sell Products

b. Posting and finding information on the internet

c. Entertainment purposes.

Q92. A _______ is a document on the WWW that is viewed in a web browser.

b. Web page

c. Web server

Show Answer Ans. b. Web page

Q93. Basic structure of a web page is created using _____________

Show Answer Ans. a. HTML

Q94. A webpage is usually a part of ______

a. Home page

b. Web site

Show Answer Ans. b. Web site

Q95. A web page may contain _______

Q96. the first page of the website is called a _____________ page.

Show Answer Ans. c. Home

Q97. A _________ webpage is one whose content always remains same.

d. Constant

Show Answer Ans. b. Static

Q98. Which of the following will help to create a dynamic web page?

a. Java Script

Show Answer Ans. a. Java Script

Q99. A _______________ web page is one in which the content of the web page can be different for different users.

b. Constant

d. Variable

Show Answer Ans. c. Dynamic

Q100. A ____________ is used to store and deliver the contents of a website to clients such as a browser that request.

c. Web site

Show Answer Ans. a. Web server

Q101. A _ sends the request to _ .

a. Web server , Web browser

b. Web browser , Web server

c. Web browser , Web site

d. Web server , Web site

Show Answer Ans. b. Web browser , Web server

Q102. If the server is not able to locate the requested page then it shows ________

a. Error 204 – page not found

b. Error 304 – page not found

c. Error 104 – page not found

d. Error 404 – page not found

Show Answer Ans. d. Error 404 – page not found

Q103. ________________ is a service that allows to put a website onto the Internet, and make it a part of the World Wide Web.

a. Web Hosting

Show Answer Ans. a. Web Hosting

Q104. Which of the following is invalid IP address?

a. 192.168.102.100

b. 122.148.152.170

c. 102.231.242.190

d. 256.231.101.100

Show Answer Ans. d. 256.231.101.100

Q105. Each website has a unique numeric address called ______

a. MAC address

b. IP address

c. TCP address

d. email address

Show Answer Ans. b. IP address

Q106. ____ is a service that does the mapping between domain name and IP address.

Show Answer Ans. a. DNS

Q107. Which of the following software/application helps to view web pages in computer?

a. Web Site

c. Web Browser

Show Answer Ans. c. Web Browser

Q108. Which of the following is not a Web Browser?

a. Internet Explorer

b. Google Chrome

c. Microsoft

Show Answer Ans. c. Microsoft

Q109. _ was the first web browser developed by _______

a. Internet explorer, NCSA

b. Safari, NCSA

c. Mosaic, NCSA

d. Chrome, NCSA

Show Answer Ans. c. Mosaic, NCSA

Q110. Which of the following is an open source browser?

b. Mozilla Firefox

c. Microsoft Bing

d. Google Chrome

Show Answer Ans. b. Mozilla Firefox

Q111. In Mozilla Firefox, menu button is present in ________ corner of the window.

a. right top

b. left top

c. right bottom

d. left bottom

Show Answer Ans. a. right top

Q112. In Mozilla Firefox, which of the following has option to set the home page of the browser?

a. General Panel

b. Home Panel

c. Search Panel

d. Privacy and Security Panel

Show Answer Ans. b. Home Panel

Q113. In Mozilla Firefox, which of the following has options to secure the browser and data?

Show Answer Ans. d. Privacy and Security Panel

Q114. Identify the tools that help to extend and modify the functionality of the browser.

Q115. a _______________ is a complete program or may be a third-party software..

c. Extension

Show Answer Ans. b. Plug-in

Q116. ___________ is not a complete program and so is used to add only a particular functionality to the browser.

c. Software

Show Answer Ans. a. Add-ons

Q117. A ___________ is a text file, containing a string of information, which is transferred by the website to the browser when we browse it.

d. Extension

Show Answer Ans. a. Cookie

Q118. We can disable cookies by changing the settings from ____ in Mozilla Firefox browser..

b. Privacy and Security Panel

c. Home Panel

d. Search Panel

Show Answer Ans. b. Privacy and Security Panel

Q119. A web server is a program or a computer that provides services to other programs or computers called _______________

b. Protocol

d. Software

Show Answer Ans. c. Client

Q120. Examples of VoIP app is ________

c. Google Hangout

Disclaimer : I tried to give you the correct answers of ” Introduction to Computer Networks ” , but if you feel that there is/are mistakes in the answers of “ Introduction to Computer Networks “ given above, you can directly contact me at [email protected] . CBSE study material available on website is used to create above “ Introduction to Computer Networks “.

Important Links

100 practice questions on python fundamentals, 120+ mysql practice questions, 90+ practice questions on list, 50+ output based practice questions, 100 practice questions on string, 70 practice questions on loops, 120 practice questions of computer network in python, 70 practice questions on if-else, 40 practice questions on data structure.

Computer Science Syllabus 2021-2022 .

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Class 12 Computer Science Chapter wise MCQ

1 thought on “100+ Best MCQ Introduction to Computer Networks Class 12”

Hey, Are All these PYQ’s or Random Questions It would be really helpful, if you could answer quickly. BTW these are really useful, I would recommend you should also add Networking Case Study Questions, I searched the whole site but I was not able to find it.

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Case study baesd questions on computer networks, apr 4, 2023, computer science.

Arpita Sharma

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Apr 4, 2023 • 1h • 19 views

In this class, Arpita Sharma will be teaching about Computer Networks. It will be helpful for the aspirants preparing for CBSE Class 12. The class will be taught in Hinglish & the notes will be provided in English.

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CBSE Class 12

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Paper Analysis 2024: Exam Review, Student Feedback and Expert View

Cbse class 12 computer science paper analysis 2024: in this article, students can find cbse class 12 computer science exam analysis 2024 and get to know about the overall difficulty level of the paper. also, find students reactions on cbse 12th computer science exam 2024. .

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Exam Paper Analysis 2024: The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Board Exam 2024 has now come to an end on April 2, 2024. Today, CBSE had scheduled Class 12 Computer Science Exam 2024 and with the completion of this exam, CBSE Board Exams 2024 has been successfully ended. All the students who have appeared for today’s exam can check the CBSE Class 12 Computer Science exam analysis 2024. As a part of the analysis, students will get to know about the overall difficulty level of the question paper, section-wise challenges faced by students, types of questions asked in the exam, paper pattern followed, and a lot more. Also, get to know the students’ reactions on today’s CBSE 12th Computer Science question paper 2024 along with experts’ opinion on the same.

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Exam 2024 Key Highlights

Cbse class 12 computer science paper review 2024.

The CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Question Paper 2024 was moderate
It would fall under easy to moderate category
The programming questions were moderately challenging
MCQs were a combination of easy and tricky ones
Very short answer type questions, short answer type questions, long answer type questions were also a good mix of easy and tricky questions.

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Paper Review 2024: Students’ Reactions

Challenging Areas in Computer Science Questions: The entire paper was a combination of mixed questions
Type of Questions asked in Today’s Computer Science Exam: MCQs, Very short answer type questions, short answer type questions, long answer type questions, Programming based questions
Section-wise Class 12 Computer Science Exam Review: Section A was average, B and C were easy, Section D was moderately hard

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Paper Analysis 2024 - Experts' Review

Experts have agreed to students’ reaction on the paper. They have said that the question paper was moderate
The paper was completely based on the format of the sample paper
There was no out-of-syllabus question. Everything was asked from within the curriculum laid down by the board.
MCQs were a good mix of easy and tricky questions
Programming based questions were also quite easy
Overall, the paper was quite doable

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Question Paper 2024

Cbse class 12 computer science answer key 2024.

Check the CBSE Class 12 Computer Science answer key 2024 here and verify your answers from the article link attached above.

Also Check:

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2023-2024 (All Subjects)

CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper 2023-2024 (All Subjects)

CBSE Class 12 Practice Papers 2023-2024

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 (All Subjects and Chapters)

Important Questions for Class 12 Board Exam 2024 (All Subjects)

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CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Paper Analysis 2024: Exam Review, Student Feedback and Expert View

img src="https://img.jagranjosh.com/images/2024/April/242024/image-(20).jpg" width="1200" height="675" />

The exam review presented here is based on the reviews and opinion of a handful of students only and hence some of you might have varied opinion about the question paper.

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Exam 2024 Key Highlights

Important details about the CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Exam 2024 have been provided to you in the table below.

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Paper Review 2024

Find the CBSE Class 12 Computer Science exam review 2024 here and get to know about the question paper pattern followed in the paper, types of questions asked, challenging areas of the paper, section-wise difficulties posed upon students, difficulty level of the paper and more.

The CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Question Paper 2024 was moderate
It would fall under easy to moderate category
The programming questions were moderately challenging
MCQs were a combination of easy and tricky ones
Very short answer type questions, short answer type questions, long answer type questions were also a good mix of easy and tricky questions.

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Paper Review 2024: Students’ Reactions

Check what students’ think about today’s CBSE Class 12 Computer Science paper 2024.

Challenging Areas in Computer Science Questions: The entire paper was a combination of mixed questions
Type of Questions asked in Today’s Computer Science Exam: MCQs, Very short answer type questions, short answer type questions, long answer type questions, Programming based questions
Section-wise Class 12 Computer Science Exam Review: Section A was average, B and C were easy, Section D was moderately hard

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Paper Analysis 2024 - Experts' Review

Check what experts’ think about today’s CBSE Class 12 Computer Science paper 2024

Experts have agreed to students’ reaction on the paper. They have said that the question paper was moderate
The paper was completely based on the format of the sample paper
There was no out-of-syllabus question. Everything was asked from within the curriculum laid down by the board.
MCQs were a good mix of easy and tricky questions
Programming based questions were also quite easy
Overall, the paper was quite doable

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Question Paper 2024

In the link above, check the CBSE Class 12 Computer Science question paper 2024. Here, you will get multiple sets of CBSE 12th Computer question paper 2024.

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Answer Key 2024

Check the CBSE Class 12 Computer Science answer key 2024 here and verify your answers from the article link attached above.

Also Check:

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2023-2024 (All Subjects)

CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper 2023-2024 (All Subjects)

CBSE Class 12 Practice Papers 2023-2024

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 (All Subjects and Chapters)

Important Questions for Class 12 Board Exam 2024 (All Subjects)

CBSE Class 12 Study Material 2024

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CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Case study Questions & Answers For Chapter 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

CBSE Class 12 Case Study Question for Class 12 Computer Science

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Computer Networks Class 12 Computer Science | Computer Network Notes

What is Computer Network?

Evolution of Networking

Types of Computer Network

Network Topologies

Networking Devices

Internet and Web Service s

Data Communication Terminologies

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Computer network Class 12 Computer Science Important Questions

Important Questions of Computer network Class 12

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Q11. A network which is formed by interconnection of two mobile phone through Bluetooth is called _____________

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Q18. 5Gbps = _ ______

Q19. MAN stands for _______