a presentation on wildlife conservation

ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

Wildlife conservation.

Wildlife conservation aims to protect plant and animal species as the human population encroaches on their resources.

Biology, Ecology, Conservation, Storytelling, Photography

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Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting plant and animal species and their habitats . Wildlife is integral to the world’s ecosystems , providing balance and stability to nature’s processes. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure the survival of these species, and to educate people on living sustainably with other species. The human population has grown exponentially over the past 200 years, to more than eight billion humans as of November 2022, and it continues to rapidly grow. This means natural resources are being consumed faster than ever by the billions of people on the planet. This growth and development also endangers the habitats and existence of various types of wildlife around the world, particularly animals and plants that may be displaced for land development, or used for food or other human purposes. Other threats to wildlife include the introduction of invasive species from other parts of the world, climate change, pollution, hunting, fishing, and poaching. National and international organizations like the World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, the Wildlife Conservation Society, the United Nations, and National Geographic, itself, work to support global animal and habitat conservation efforts on many different fronts. They work with the government to establish and protect public lands, like national parks and wildlife refuges . They help write legislation, such as the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 in the United States, to protect various species. They work with law enforcement to prosecute wildlife crimes, like wildlife trafficking and illegal hunting (poaching). They also promote biodiversity to support the growing human population while preserving existing species and habitats. National Geographic Explorers, like conservation biologist Charudutt Mishra and conservation technologist Rebecca Ryakitimbo, are working to slow the extinction of global species and to protect global biodiversity and habitats. Environmental filmmakers and photographers, like Thomas P. Peschak and Joel Sartore, are essential to conservation efforts as well, documenting and bringing attention to endangered wildlife all over the world.

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• Understanding Conservation
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• Wildlife Guide

Wildlife conservation is the preservation and protection of animals, plants, and their habitats. By conserving wildlife, we're ensuring that future generations can enjoy our natural world and the incredible species that live within it. To help protect wildlife, it's important to understand how species interact within their ecosystems, and how they're affected by environmental and human influences.

Plants and animals have life events that seemingly occur like clockwork every year. Birds can migrate, mammals may hibernate, flowers bloom, and leaves change colors. The study of how the biological world times these natural events is called phenology. Scientists now understand that plants and animals take their cues from their local climate (long-term weather patterns). Climate is impacted by non-biological factors—temperature, precipitation, and available sunlight. Species use the predictable yearly changes in the climate to determine when they start natural events such as breeding or flowering.

Climate change is slowly increasing average annual temperatures. One of the most noticeable ways that climate change is impacting wildlife is by disrupting the timing of natural events. With warmer temperatures, flowering plants are blooming earlier in the year and migratory birds are returning from their wintering grounds earlier in the spring. Phenology is an important subject for conservationists to study because it helps us understand the patterns of specific species and overall ecosystem health. Every species has an impact on those in its food chain and community, and the timing of one species' phenological events can be very important to the survival of another species.

Food Webs and Bioaccumulation

The energy we receive from food can be traced back to the sun. As the sun shines, it radiates light energy. Plants absorb the light energy, convert it to sugars (photosynthesis), and produce energy for other wildlife. The energy from the sun moves its way through ecosystems by predators eating their prey. A food web breaks down how all the producers, consumers, and decomposers interact in an ecosystem and how energy is transferred between species.

When animals eat their prey, they consume more than just energy. They also absorb all the chemicals and nutrients inside the prey. Sometimes animals ingest pollutants that can become stored in their fat and tissues. Human-caused pollution has added heavy metals, oil, and industrial and pharmaceutical chemicals to the environment. Plants, fish, and other species absorb these toxins, and as they are eaten by predators, the toxins are then absorbed into the predators’ tissues. As the chain of predator and prey continues up the food web, the toxins become more concentrated and move higher and higher up the food web. The process that causes the concentration of a substance to increase as it moves up the food web is called bioaccumulation. The pollutants can have a disastrous effect on the food web and potentially kill species.

Natural Disturbances

A natural disturbance is any event that causes a disruption to the current state of an ecosystem. Natural disturbances are caused by forces of nature, including weather, geology, and biological fluctuations. This may include fires, floods, earthquakes, diseases, and droughts. After a disturbance impacts an ecosystem, there can be devastation, but healthy ecosystems have an amazing ability to bounce back. Some ecosystems even depend on disturbances, such as the threatened longleaf pine ecosystem. Sometimes the ecosystem will go back to its former structure, with the same plant and animal species. Other times, the disturbance will create something new by allowing new species to populate the area.

Not all disturbances are natural. Human actions have contributed to many disturbances seen in ecosystems today. While natural disturbances happen on occasion, human disturbances are putting constant pressure on ecosystems and dramatically impacting species. Human disturbances, including clear-cutting, habitat fragmentation, and pollution, are continuously affecting ecosystems. The moment the ecosystem begins adjusting to one stress, another appears. Many ecosystems that we depend on are not given enough time to adapt to the new conditions. The natural cycle of disturbances—growth, dieback, and growth—cannot properly function because too many disturbances are putting pressure on the ecosystem at once.

Corridors and Flyways

Wild animals are always on the move. They move from place to place in search of food, mates, shelter, and water. Many animals do not have to move far in order to have all their needs met, but other animals—for example migratory birds, wolves , mountain lions , or butterflies —require much more space. Currently many species with large territories, including gray wolves, are threatened because habitat loss and fragmentation have limited their available space. Roads, fences, and buildings cut off habitat and force wildlife into smaller areas. Conservationists have to take into account the different spatial needs of wildlife when designing plans to protect them. They have to think about the territory size, different habitat types, and migration routes that wildlife need.

A wildlife corridor is a tract of land that connects different wildlife habitats (such as refuges, parks, or rivers) that might otherwise be separated by human development. Wildlife corridors provide many benefits to wildlife. With corridors, animals have a better opportunity of finding the basic necessities they need—food, water, shelter, and places to raise their young. Animals that require larger territories can access new habitats and maintain a healthy territory size. Wildlife corridors also promote genetic biodiversity . When more individuals of a species are interconnected, the gene pool becomes larger and more viable. Migratory wildlife benefit from corridors because they can move safely over long distances without having to come into contact with human developments or cars. Species are more likely to survive disturbances by having more undisturbed areas.

The National Wildlife Federation, in partnership with the Santa Monica Mountains Fund, is working to create a wildlife crossing for mountain lions in California. By linking protected habitat on either side of a freeway, mountain lions and other wildlife can the access to green space they need to survive. The Liberty Canyon Wildlife Crossing, when built, will be the largest such crossing in the world, and a model for urban wildlife conservation.

Unlike mammals, birds and butterflies travel from one place to another by flying, so they face different kinds of challenges. Not only do we have to protect their winter and summer habitat, but also key rest stops that migratory wildlife use along the way. Conservationists can help threatened bird and butterfly populations by protecting habitat along major migratory flyways—pathways used by migratory birds and insects. Birds tend to take predictable routes to get from the winter feeding grounds to the summer breeding grounds and back. Flyways usually occur along coastlines, major rivers, and near mountains. The United States has four main migratory flyways.

• Pacific Flyway: Along the Pacific coast, west of the Rocky Mountains
• Central Flyway: Over the Great Plains, east of the Rocky Mountains
• Mississippi Flyway: Along the Mississippi River
• Atlantic Flyway: Along the Atlantic coast

A great way to help birds and butterflies migrate is by building a Certified Wildlife Habitat® in your backyard or balcony. Learn how to provide a critical resting place and food source to help migratory birds reach their destination.

Biodiversity

Species diversity is only one part of biodiversity. We also have to recognize the genetic diversity that exists within species, as well as the diversity of entire habitats and ecosystems.

Citizen Science

Citizen scientists can support professional researchers in a lot of ways—by submitting data, sharing experiences, or spreading valuable information.

Endangered Species

The Endangered Species Act has lists of protected plant and animal species both nationally and worldwide.

Ecosystem Services

An ecosystem service is any positive benefit that wildlife or ecosystems provide to people. The benefits can be direct or indirect—small or large.

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A presentation on: Wildlife Conservation

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Creating Conservation Impact in School-Aged Children

Introducing wildlife conservation practices through interactive video presentations, tree planting, and wildlife clubs.

Every year, KWCAO visits more than 135 of the nearly 700 schools in the district, providing interactive wildlife conservation presentations including videos, demonstrations, and discussions. Since our founding, we’ve reached more than 500 schools and 525,000 students. Since many schools do not have electricity, KWCAO brings its own generator, laptop, movie screen, and other equipment.

During the presentations, KWCAO volunteers use educational props to help the students learn about wildlife, its importance, and the benefits of conservation. They field questions and dispel common myths that wildlife is harmful or only valuable as a source of monetary income. Some presentations are indoors and some are outdoors and the students are so excited to participate. Wildlife conservation is not included in the typical school curriculum so for most, this is their first time learning to identify the animals, and hearing about how they live and care for families of their own. For some, this is their very first positive connection to nature. Using props such as masks and animal models brings an added sense of enthusiasm from the students.

At end of the each presentation, students are invited to take the KWCAO pledge to protect wildlife and receive wildlife trading cards, each marked with information and photos of a specific animal. Students who are part of their school’s wildlife club also receive tree seedlings to plant at home.

Photo: Wildlife masks help students learn about different species.

Video : In the first video, young students are afraid of the rubber snake prop used during a school wildlife conservation presentation.

Video: students who have experienced previous kwcao presentations are curious to learn about the role snakes play in the ecosystem., make a donation today.

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May 29, 2024

You Can Protect Wildlife without Leaving Home

You don't have to venture far to make a difference for wildlife.

By Rachel Feltman , Meghan Bartels , Madison Goldberg & Jeffery DelViscio

Anaissa Ruiz Tejada/Scientific American

Rachel Feltman: Conservation sometimes seems like something that scientists do to protect species that most of us will only ever see in zoos. But conservation can actually happen everywhere, and that includes your own backyard.

Scientific American ’s own Meghan Bartels is here to share some strategies for protecting wildlife that’s a little closer to home.

So, Meghan, I think that when most of our listeners see this episode in their feed, they’re immediately going to assume it’s about pollinator gardens. Do you have anything to say about pollinator gardens?

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Meghan Bartels: Yeah, pollinator gardens are a great example of thinking about the plants you want in terms of what they give the animals who live around you. So with a pollinator garden, you’re looking for plants that will make local bees and butterflies and hummingbirds really happy, and that’s great.

Feltman: What should folks look out for when they set out to add these new pollinator-friendly plants to their yards?

Bartels: A really helpful way to choose plants is to prioritize species that are native to your region. That’s because these plants and the local wildlife have evolved together and animals are used to making use of the resources they provide. So local birds could have a taste for the berries from a native bush, or they could feed their chicks with caterpillars that love munching on a native shrub.

You don’t have to exclusively plant native plants, but focusing on making sure you plant several different species of native plants is really helpful for wildlife.

Feltman: That totally makes sense. I’ve definitely seen some debunking-style stories—and of course, many TikToks—about people planting pollinator gardens that don’t actually support the pollinators that live around them, which is really such a bummer because folks are genuinely trying to be helpful.

What are some other ways that really generalized pro-wildlife planting advice might actually not be super helpful?

Bartels: If you’re planting nectar-rich species to attract bees and butterflies, you also want to plant the species that bees nest in, like sunflowers and raspberries, or the plants that caterpillars eat before they become butterflies.

And then one other thing: it turns out that it isn’t enough to just avoid using pesticides yourself; you also need to ask whether plants you’re buying at a nursery have been pretreated with these chemicals if you want to make sure they don’t get into local wildlife.

Feltman: Okay, another thing that I’m sure a bunch of our listeners are going to think as soon as they see this episode is: “What about lawns? Is this about how I need to get rid of my lawn?”

Bartels: You definitely don’t have to, although you can. You can also just shrink it a little bit to make some more space for wildflowers or add a couple of potted plants to your deck. People I spoke with really emphasized focusing on what’s feasible for you and your lifestyle, saying that even small spaces can really make a difference for animals.

Feltman: So while I’m sure that everyone listening to this podcast is extremely industrious and super on top of everything, let’s pretend for just a second that some of them might be a little too busy to do any extra landscaping work. Is there stuff folks can actually do less of to help wildlife instead?

Bartels: [Laughs] This is definitely my kind of approach. And yes, there absolutely are. First there’s another lawn item: you can mow less often, which gives plants more time to flower and seed in between trims. And come the autumn you can leave fallen leaves in place rather than raking them away. They’ll become food and cozy shelter for a host of critters.

Feltman: How about bird feeders? Are they good for anything other than helping us bird-watch from home?

Bartels: Bird feeders come out pretty mixed, it turns out. Some of that is about what you put in the feeder, and some of that is about what birds you’re trying to help.... The birds most likely to use feeders might not be the ones who most need the extra feeding.

But the other problem is that bird feeders can spread diseases. So the wildlife disease ecologist I spoke to for the story said it’s really important that if you do have a bird feeder, you give it a good scrub every couple of weeks.

Feltman: Yeah, I don’t mean to personally attack any of my friends with yards, but I do not think they are actually hosing down their bird feeders.

So, moving on from the yard, what about the house itself? Is there anything we can change about the structures we live in to help our furry and feathered friends?

Bartels: One suggestion people made was to apply decals to your windows, especially if they aren’t screened and if you have big expanses of glass. These decals help birds see the windows so they don’t fly into them and die.

Also, if you have pets, be sure to keep dogs up to date on their vaccines. This protects both your pups and local wildlife from nasty infections. And be sure to keep your cats indoors, since outdoor and feral cats kill a whole lot of animals.

Feltman: And to wrap us up, I always like to ask: What’s the most surprising or just delightful thing you learned while you were reporting this story?

Bartels: So I knew that the U.S. is home to thousands of species of native bees , mostly from a great Flickr account I discovered a bunch of years ago. It’s run by the USGS [U.S. Geological Survey] [Native] Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab, and it’s just thousands of glamour shots of bees of every size and shape and color, and it’s just so cool.

But I had never really thought about where these bees live until Matthew Shepherd, who’s the director of outreach and education at the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, mentioned that it’s important to plant species that bees can nest in, like sunflowers and raspberries and asters and such....Other varieties of bees nest in soil or mulch or in hollow twigs.

And I just love the mental image of all these bees cuddled up in their nooks all over the place.

Feltman: Yeah, that is a very adorable image and one that I will definitely be keeping in mind as I work to try to protect wildlife around my home, even though I live in an apartment. You know, maybe I will take your advice on the potted plant thing. I love a potted plant, so any excuse.

That’s all for today, folks. Tune in this Friday for the final installment of our three-part fascination about Cape Cod’s “yellow tide.” Science Quickly is produced by Rachel Feltman, Kelso Harper, Corinne Leong, Madison Goldberg, and Jeff DelViscio. Today’s episode was hosted by me, Rachel Feltman, with Scientific American senior news reporter Meghan Bartels. Elah Feder, Alexa Lim, Madison Goldberg and Anaissa Ruiz Tejada edit our show, with fact-checking from Shayna Posses and Aaron Shattuck. Our theme music was composed by Dominic Smith. Subscribe to Scientific American for more up-to-date and in-depth science news.

Thanks for listening!

Wildlife Conservation PPT: Definition, Purpose and Importance

Wildlife Conservation PPT: Definition, Purpose and Importance Free Download: Wildlife conservation is crucial to preserve the stability of the ecosystem. It is important to guard the uncommon and extinct species of animals.

In India and across the world, there are one of a kind wildlife sanctuaries to guard and keep a few distinctively uncommon animals like Kaziranga National Park, Jim Corbett National Park, Sepilok Orangutan Sanctuary etc. The governments of many countries have carried out strict norms to promote wildlife conservation. The existence of humans with out wildlife is not possible on Earth and therefore, wildlife conservation could be very significant.

Table of Content

• Introduction
• Threats To Wildlife
• Purpose of Wildlife Conservation
• Wildlife Conservation Methods
• Importance of Wildlife Conservation

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Nature Notes: Shorebird presentation, vaccine clinics, more

Cape Coral Friends of Wildlife invites the public to their next general meeting on Tuesday, Jan. 9.

Megan Hatten, Southwest Florida Shorebird Project Manager for Audubon Florida, will discuss Southwest Florida’s Coastal Nesting Shorebirds. 

Hatten specializes in coordinating conservation and stewarding efforts throughout Lee and Collier counties focusing on protection of imperiled shorebirds along our coastlines. She attended the University of Wisconsin-Madison for Conservation Biology and moved to Naples over seven years ago to pursue conservation efforts through work with the Conservancy of Southwest Florida and FWC. She recently joined Audubon Florida and hopes to increase education of our native species and has the vision of a world in which people and wildlife thrive together.

During the presentation, Hatten will highlight five focal species and the programs that are run to protect them during their nesting season, along with how to be involved. 

There will be a meet and greet starting at 6:30 p.m., the presentation at 7; followed by the general meeting at 8. The meeting takes place at the Rotary Park Environmental Center, 5505 Rose Garden Rd., Cape Coral.

For more information, ccfriendsofwildlife.org.

Lee County Domestic Animal Services to hold vaccine clinics

Lee County Domestic Animal Services will host vaccine clinics throughout Lee County in the coming months.

Residents will be able to have their dogs vaccinated for rabies and distemper/parvo (DA2PPV). Cats can be vaccinated for rabies and feline panleukopenia (FVRCP). Microchipping also will be available.

The clinics:

• Jan. 11 - North Fort Myers Recreation Center, 2000 Recreation Way
• Feb. 8 - Bonita Springs Library, 10560 Reynolds St. Bonita Springs
• March 7 - Veterans Park, 55 Homestead Road, Lehigh Acres
• April 4 - Hunter Park, 1526 Oak Drive, Fort Myers

Clinics are 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. and are by appointment only. Call 239-533-7397 (LEE-PETS) to schedule. Domestic Animal Services thanks its sponsor, The Charity Pros, for the donation that enables staff to provide these services free to the public.

Domestic Animal Services also recommends saying goodbye to 2023 and hello to 2024 with a new four-legged best friend. During the month of January all adoption fees will be reduced to $30 with an approved application. Anyone who adopts a cat or kitten can adopt a second feline friend at no additional fee.

The adoption fee includes spay or neuter surgery, age-appropriate vaccinations, de-worming, flea treatment, heartworm test for dogs 6 months and older, feline aids and leukemia test for cats, Lee County pet license for pets 3 months and older, microchip ID, and a 10-day health guarantee. The adoption package is a $600 value.

Normal adoption hours are 10:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Monday through Saturday at Animal Services, 5600 Banner Drive, Fort Myers, next to the Lee County Sheriff’s Office off Six Mile Cypress Parkway.

For more information call 239-533-7387 (LEE-PETS) or visit LeeLostPets.com.

Ten Thousand Islands boat tour resumes

The Ten Thousand Islands boat tour in Everglades National Park resumed on Dec. 21, launching from a temporary location two miles north of the Gulf Coast Visitor Center.

The tour was suspended on Sept. 30 when the Everglades National Park’s Gulf Coast Visitor Center and Marina are closed for construction of the new Marjory Stoneman Douglas Visitor Center.

As construction proceeds, the tour company Everglades National Park Adventures has contracted with the U.S. National Park Service to resume the popular Ten Thousand Islands boat tour under a Commercial Use Authorization.

The tour’s 49-passenger pontoon boat, led by trained guides and joined occasionally by Park Rangers, visits the same natural and cultural resources of the Ten Thousand Islands in addition to historical landmarks along the Barron River. The two-hour tour launches from two miles north of the Gulf Coast Visitor Center at 929 Dupont Street in Everglades City.

Tours depart daily at 10 a.m., 12:30 p.m., and 3 p.m.

“We’re very excited to partner with Everglades National Park to welcome visitors of all ages from all over the world, and to further the Park’s mission to preserve natural and cultural resources for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations,” said Aashish Patel, owner of Everglades National Park Adventures.

FWC conducting sessions

The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) is offering technical assistance to potential applicants interested in the Florida Boating Improvement Program and the Boating Infrastructure Grant Program. 

The FWC works to improve boating access by evaluating potential sites for new boating access facilities and those in need of renovation or expansion; funding construction and renovation of boating access facilities; and administering grants programs for boating access and boating-related activities. 

The FWC will host four online technical assistance sessions for potential applicants interested in the Florida Boating Improvement Program and the Boating Infrastructure Grant Program in January. Applicants already familiar with the programs should still attend a technical assistance session to learn about recent guideline changes. 

FBIP provides funding through competitive grants for boating access projects and other boating-related activities benefiting motorized vessels in Florida. Eligible program participants include county governments, municipalities and other governmental entities of the state of Florida. 

BIGP provides funding through competitive grants for tie-up facilities for transient recreational boats 26 feet or longer. The program is funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Eligible participants include local governments, Native American tribes, Port districts, nonprofit organizations, private organizations, state agencies and some special purpose districts, if legally authorized to acquire and develop public outdoor recreation facilities.  

The FBIP application period will open on January 19 and close March 20, 2024.  The BIGP application period will open April 1 and close July 1, 2024. 

Interested parties can visit the Boating Grants Programs website to attend one of the following sessions via Microsoft Teams: 

• Monday, Jan. 8, 10–11 a.m.
• Wednesday, Jan. 10, 10–11 a.m.
• Tuesday, Jan. 16, 10–11 a.m.
• Thursday, Jan. 18, 10–11 a.m. 

For more information, email the Boating and Waterways Section at [email protected] or call 850-488-5600.

More Now You Know: Film noir series coming to Marco; and two ways to proclaim your love

And ‘Watts for Dinner’: Talk of the table – Marco Island's La Mesa Taqueria

Also Marco Island, Naples resorts recognized as two of the best for families in Florida

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Green River Basin FWCO is part of a larger complex called the Utah Fish & Aquatic Conservation (FAC) Complex based out of Vernal, Utah.

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Fatal attraction: When endangered species try to mate with domestic relatives, both wildlife and people lose

Sticks and stones aren't enough to thwart biological attraction, but sometimes those are the only tools available to pastoralists trying to prevent wildlife from eloping with their livestock.

A new study led by Colorado State University brings awareness to both the human impacts of these encounters -- ranging from economic loss to death -- and conservation concerns for the wild animals that are often endangered.

Conserving threatened and endangered species is a globally recognized priority, but justice and equity for the marginalized pastoralist populations around the world who experience conflict with these species are often overlooked, according to the study's authors. Many pastoralists are Indigenous people with only sticks and stones as defense against aggressive wild males trying to usurp domestic females -- either by lobbing them at wild intruders or building stone walls to contain livestock.

"Can you imagine being on a treeless plain with an angry, 2,000-pound, testosterone-crazed, giant wild camel or wild yak barreling down on you and with stones as your only weapon?" said lead author Joel Berger, a professor in CSU's Warner College of Natural Resources and senior scientist with the Wildlife Conservation Society. "Not much safety there."

Pastoralists who tangle with wildlife might lose livestock and income or suffer injury or death. However, when wildlife clashes with livestock keepers, wildlife usually loses.

Flirting with disaster

Wild males that interfere with herders by attempting to court domestic females are sometimes killed out of retaliation, said co-author Naresh Kusi, the country program director at Himalayan Wolves Project. Kusi leads wild yak research for the program in Nepal, where the animal was once thought extinct. His team rediscovered the wild yak there in 2014.

Endangered wild yaks, wild camels, elephants, banteng and gaur (the latter two are Southeast Asian cattle) clash with pastoralists while looking for mates. Bison, wild sheep, ibex and guanacos (a llama-like wild camel in South America) also seek to procreate with domestic relatives, sometimes to their peril.

Before judging these frisky, four-legged Casanovas, understand that their mating pool is limited. For some of these native species, less than 1% exist in the wild.

Wild ancestors to domesticated stock are displaced as their habitat shrinks -- sometimes due to the expansion of livestock grazing lands. In places where livestock owners have guns, wild relatives have been killed to prevent intermingling. Such was the fate of many reindeer.

Reining in reindeer

Reindeer and caribou -- biologically the same species with different names based on geography -- live in the northern reaches of the globe in wild, feral, free-ranging and domestic forms. Wild reindeer numbers have declined dramatically, with some subspecies listed as endangered, mostly due to habitat loss.

According to the study, domestic Eurasian reindeer were introduced into western Alaska in the 1890s to offer an additional source of food and fiber for local Inupiat, Indigenous people native to northern Alaska. Wild male reindeer lured away domestic females for breeding. Herders in northern Europe and Asia experienced similar conflict, but wild interlopers were kept in check on all three continents through lethal means, to the benefit of herders and to the detriment of biodiversity.

Introgression vs. genetic purity

Hybridization and disease spread between wild ancestors and domestic descendants is a global issue affecting conservation and pastoral livelihoods -- even in the United States, where bison and bighorn sheep can become susceptible to disease when exposed to domestic partners or vice versa.

Herders sometimes favor hybridization because genes from wild progenitors are thought to enhance the hardiness of domestic stock. However, conservationists worry about the reduction in the genetic purity of wild species.

"From the perspective of genetic diversity, hybridization poses a potential threat to the wild ancestors because continuous introgression with the domestic relatives may gradually erode the genetic integrity of the wild forms, leading to the dilution of the wild gene pool over time," Kusi said.

Widespread human-wildlife conflict

The intermingling of wild animals and livestock may challenge only a small segment of the global human population, but it affects pastoralists on nearly every continent -- Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia and the Americas.

While the issue is geographically widespread, solutions must be locally specific and consider community perspectives, the authors said. To reduce human-wildlife conflict, herders, conservationists and government officials all must come together to develop culturally conscious best practices and solutions, they wrote.

"There is much value to existence, even for places humans will not visit and for species they might not ever see," Berger said. "Giving a voice and recognition to the problems can improve conservation needs for both people and endangered species."

• Wild Animals
• Endangered Animals
• Exotic Species
• Biodiversity
• Environmental Policy
• Veterinary medicine
• Conservation biology
• Environmental impact assessment
• Wildlife gardening
• Conservation status

Story Source:

Materials provided by Colorado State University . Original written by Jayme DeLoss. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference :

• Joel Berger, Naresh Kusi. Meeting your ancestors – Sticks, stones, and discord in Earth’s outposts . Global Ecology and Conservation , 2024; 52: e02959 DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02959

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Pytorch-Wildlife: A Collaborative Deep Learning Framework for Conservation

• Andres Hernandez Celis ,
• Zhongqi Miao ,
• Luisa Vargas Daza ,
• Rahul Dodhia ,
• Juan M. Lavista Ferres

The alarming decline in global biodiversity, driven by various factors, underscores the urgent need for large-scale wildlife monitoring. In response, scientists have turned to automated deep learning methods for data processing in wildlife monitoring. However, applying these advanced methods in real-world scenarios is challenging due to their complexity and the need for specialized knowledge, primarily because of technical challenges and interdisciplinary barriers. To address these challenges, we introduce Pytorch-Wildlife, an open-source deep learning platform built on PyTorch. It is designed for creating, modifying, and sharing powerful AI models. This platform emphasizes usability and accessibility, making it accessible to individuals with limited or no technical background. It also offers a modular codebase to simplify feature expansion and further development. Pytorch-Wildlife offers an intuitive, user-friendly interface, accessible through local installation or Hugging Face, for animal detection and classification in images and videos. As two real-world applications, Pytorch-Wildlife has been utilized to train animal classification models for species recognition in the Amazon Rainforest and for invasive opossum recognition in the Galapagos Islands. The Opossum model achieves 98% accuracy, and the Amazon model has 92% recognition accuracy for 36 animals in 90% of the data. As Pytorch-Wildlife evolves, we aim to integrate more conservation tasks, addressing various environmental challenges. Pytorch-Wildlife is available at https://github.com/microsoft/CameraTraps.

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Wildlife presentation

This presentation gives an overview of various wildlife conservation societies, their role and the government's initiative for wildlife conservation in India Read less

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• 1. A Presentation on ‘ WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ’ Presented by : Athul P. – 17M805 Rajat Nainwal – 17M809
• 2. WHAT DOES WILDLIFE CONSERVATION MEANS ? • According to the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, wildlife includes any animal, bees, butterfly, crustacean, fish and moth and aquatic or land vegetation, which form part of any habitat. • Therefore, wildlife refers to living organisms (flora and fauna) in their natural habitats. • Example: lion, deer, crocodiles, whales, trees and shrubs in dense forests etc. BENEFITS OF WILDLIFE • Wildlife is an essential component of various food chains, food webs, biogeochemical cycles and energy flow through various trophic levels. • Preserves vitality and health of environment and provides stability to various ecosystems.
• 3. • Habitat loss : Population growth, fast industrialisation, urbanisation and modernisation have all contributed to a large-scale destruction of natural habitat of plants and animals. THREATS TO WILDLIFE • Indiscriminate hunting : Indiscriminate killing and poaching of wild animals for food, horn, fur, tusk etc. has resulted in reduction and even extinction of many wild species. • Introduction of exotic species : Many native species have known to disappear and their existence is under threat because of the introduction of exotic and alien species. Sea Lampreys
• 4. • Pollution : › Air, water, soil and noise pollution of the magnitude and toxicity never seen before is the major factor. › Natural habitats have been destroyed or damaged by activities such as the indiscriminate use of synthetic materials, release of radiations and oil spills in the sea, generation of effluents and wastes of various kinds and toxicity, and their unscientific disposal. THREATS TO WILDLIFE
• 5. • Beauty • Economic value : Timber, fur, tusk, ivory, leather, honey etc. • Scientific value : Gene pool for the scientists to carry breeding programmers in agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery. • Maintain Ecological Balance. • Eco - Tourism. IMPORTANCE OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION Elephant tusks Ecological balance Eco-tourism
• 6. CAUSES OF WILDLIFE DESTRUCTION • Habitat loss › Extensive human demand resulted into Habitat Loss. › Rain forests are the main habitats. › Tropical rainforests are cleared for wood / timber resources, development of petroleum resources, mineral resources. › Second most critical factor in species extinction. › Now there are 20% less forest cover than existed 300 years ago.
• 7. CAUSES OF WILDLIFE DESTRUCTION • Poaching and Hunting › Another major cause of animal species extinction. › Poaching and illegal trade in animals are of about US $10 - $15 million per year worldwide. • National and International wildlife trade › Pet, fur, meat, body parts trade and trade for biomedical research. • Climate change / Global warming • Pollution • Introduced (Invasive) Species • Farmer / Rancher Shootings Rancher shooting Climate change
• 8. EFFECTS OF WILDLIFE DEPLETION - Unbalance food chain and ecosystem. - Reduction in rare wild animals. - Impact on bio-diversity. - Loss of economic value. - Danger to human life. - Loss in genetic information.
• 9. MAJESTIC ELEPHANTS SNOW LEOPARD SWAMP DEER DESERT CAT LEAF MONKEY ENDANGERED SPECIES OF ANIMALS THE INDIAN BISON HISPID HARE BLUE WHALE
• 10. CYCAS BEDDOMEI RED SANDALWOOD BAOBAB BERBERIS DECALEPIS HAMILTONII ENDANGERED SPECIES OF PLANTS
• 11. • Many people are under the impression that India does not have strong wildlife conservation laws. On the contrary, we have some of the most stringent legislations to protect wildlife and habitats. • The Government of India has introduced various types of legislation in response to the growing destruction of wildlife and forests. These are: › The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (Last amended in 2006). › National Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016). › The Environment (Protection) Act (1986). › The Biological Diversity Act (2002). › The Indian Fisheries Act (1897). › The Indian Forest Act (1927). › The Forest Conservation Act (1980). LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR WILDLIFE CONSERVATION IN INDIA
• 12. • The Wildlife (Protection) Act (WLPA), 1972 is an important statute that provides a powerful legal framework for: › Prohibition of hunting › Protection and management of wildlife habitats › Establishment of protected areas › Regulation and control of trade in parts and products derived from wildlife › Management of zoos. • The WLPA provides for several categories of Protected Areas/Reserves: › National Parks › Wildlife Sanctuaries › Tiger Reserves › Conservation Reserves › Community Reserves • Apart from protected area establishment, other important aspects of the WLPA include procedures for the appointment of state wildlife authorities and wildlife boards, the regulation of trade in wildlife products and the prevention, detection and punishment of violations of the WLPA. 1. THE WILDLIFE PROTECTION ACT, 1972 (LAST AMENDED IN 2006)
• 13. SR. NO. NAME STATE ANIMAL(s) PROTECTED 1. Jim Corbett National Park Uttarakhand Tiger (EN) 2. Kaziranga National Park Assam Rhinocerus (CR) 3. Hazaribagh National Park Jharkhand Tiger (EN) 4. Kanha National Park Madhya Pradesh Tiger (EN), Cheetah (VU) 5. Sunderbans Tiger Reserve West Bengal Bengal Tiger (EN) 6. Gir National Park Gujarat Asiatic Lion (EN) 7. Bandipur National Park Karnataka Elephant (VU), Tiger (EN) 8. Desert National Park Rajasthan Great Indian Bustard (CR) NATIONAL PARKS • A national park is protected area of land in which a typical ecosystem with all its wild plants and animals are protected and preserved in natural surroundings. • As of April 2017, there were 103 national parks comprising a total area of 40,500 sq. km. • Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, established in 1936, was the first national park in India. EN = Endangered, CR = Critically Endangered, VU = Vulnerable
• 14. WILDLIFE SANCTUARY • A sanctuary is a protected area of land, wetland or sea reserved for the conservation of wild animals, birds and plants. • As of April 2017, India has 543 wildlife sanctuaries comprising a total area of 1,18,918 sq. km. • Hunting of any kind is prohibited in sanctuaries. Private ownership rights over sanctuaries and limited human activities may be granted, provided, they do not interfere with the normal activities (feeding, nesting, breeding of wildlife). SR. NO. NAME STATE ANIMAL(s) / BIRD PROTECTED 1. Keoladeo Ghana Bird Sanctuary Rajasthan Siberian Crane 2. Chilika Lake Bird Sanctuary Odisha Water fowls, Cranes, Ducks 3. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Assam Panther, tiger, Rhinocerus 4. Dachigam Sanctuary J & K Kashmiri Stag, Musk Snow Leopard 5. Madhumalai Wildlife Sanctuary Tamil Nadu Elephant, Four-horned Antelope 6. Nagarjuna Sagar Sanctuary Andhra Pradesh Tiger, Panther 7. Periyar Sanctuary Kerala Elephant 8. Balmiki Nagar Tiger Reserve Bihar Tiger
• 15. BIOSPHERE RESERVES • Biosphere reserves are a specific category of protected area of land wherein tribal people native to the area are an integral part of the system. • It’s concept was conceived by the UN and was launched in 1975 as a part of UNESCO’s “Man and Biosphere” programme. • In biospheres, various uses of land are permitted by dividing it into 3 distinct zones – core zone, buffer zone and transition zone. SR. NO. NAME STATE ANIMAL(s) PROTECTED 1. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka Nilgiri Tahr, Lion-tailed Macaque 2. Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Tamil Nadu Dugong, Sea-Cow 3. Sunderbans National Park West Bengal Royal Bengal tiger 4. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve Uttarakhand 5. Nokrek Biosphere Reserve Meghalaya Red Panda 6. Panchmarthi Biosphere Reserve Madhya Pradesh Giant Squirrel, Flying Squirrel 7. Simlipal Biosphere Reserve Odisha Royal Bengal Tiger, Elephant, gaur 8. Nicobar islands Andaman & Nicobar Islands Salt water Crocodile
• 16. • Replaces the earlier plan adopted in 1983 and was introduced in response to the need for a change in priorities given the increased commercial use of natural resources, continued growth of human and livestock populations, and changes in consumption patterns. • The Plan most closely represents an actual policy on protection of wildlife. It focuses on strengthening and enhancing the protected area network, on the conservation of Endangered wildlife and their habitats, on controlling trade in wildlife products and on research, education, and training. • The Plan endorses two new protected area categories: “conservation reserves,” referring to corridors connecting protected areas, and “community reserves”, which will allow greater participation of local communities in protected area management through traditional or cultural conservation practices. • The Plan contains various recommendations to address the needs of local communities living outside protected areas and outlines the need for voluntary relocation and rehabilitation of villages within protected areas. • The Plan recognizes the need to reduce human-wildlife conflict and emphasizes the establishment of effective compensation mechanisms. It includes the restoration of degraded habitats outside protected areas as a key objective. 2. NATIONAL WILDLIFE ACTION PLAN (2002-2016)
• 17. • It is an important legislation that provides for coordination of activities of the various regulatory agencies, creation of authorities with adequate powers for environmental protection, regulation of the discharge of environmental pollutants, handling of hazardous substances, etc. • The Act provided an opportunity to extend legal protection to non-forest habitats (‘Ecologically Sensitive Areas’) such as grasslands, wetlands and coastal zones. 3. THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT (1986) 4. THE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ACT (2002) • India is a party to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. • The provisions of the Biological Diversity Act are in addition to and not in derogation of the provisions in any other law relating to forests or wildlife.
• 18. • The main objective of the Indian Forest Act (1927) is to secure exclusive state control over forests to meet the demand for timber. Most of these untitled lands had traditionally belonged to the forest dwelling communities. The Act defined state ownership, regulated its use and appropriated the power to substitute or extinguish customary rights. The Act facilitates three categories of forests, namely : › Reserved forests › Village forests › Protected forests  Reserved forests are the most protected within these categories. No rights can be acquired in reserved forests except by succession or under a grant or contract with the government. Felling trees, grazing cattle, removing forest products, quarrying, fishing, and hunting are punishable with a fine or imprisonment. 5. THE INDIAN FOREST ACT (1927)
• 19. • In order to check rapid deforestation due to forestlands being released by state governments for agriculture, industry and other development projects (allowed under the Indian Forest Act), the federal government enacted the Forest Conservation Act in 1980 with an amendment in 1988. • The Act made the prior approval of the federal government necessary for de-reservation of reserved forests, logging and for use of forestland for non-forest purposes. • This powerful legislation has, to a large extent, curtailed the indiscriminate logging and release of forestland for non-forestry purposes by state governments. • While the federal government imposed such strict restrictions, it did not simultaneously evolve a mechanism to compensate state governments for loss of timber logging revenues. • The Supreme Court of India has currently imposed a complete ban on the release of forestland for non-forestry activities without the prior approval of the federal government. 6. THE FOREST CONSERVATION ACT (1980)
• 20. • Wildlife is an important component of biodiversity. To prevent the extinction of species, various projects have been initiated by the Indian government, such as : › Project Tiger › Project Elephant › Indian Rhino Vision 2020 › Crocodile Conservation Project › Sea Turtle Project › Vulture Conservation Project PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN THE BY INDIAN GOVERNMENT FOR WILDLIFE PROTECTION
• 21. • This project is sponsored by Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change. • About 47 tiger reserves situated in more than 17 regions including Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand) and Ranthambore National Park (Rajasthan) are part of this project which conducts assessments of number of tigers, their habitat, hunting habits under the supervision of the Tiger Task Force. • Project Tiger has seen significant success in recovery of the habitat and increase in the population of the tigers in the reserve areas, from a scanty 268 in 9 reserves in 1972 to above 1000 in 28 reserves in 2006 to 2000+ tigers in 2016. 1. PROJECT TIGER • One of the most successful wildlife conservation ventures ‘Project Tiger’ which was initiated way back in 1972, has not only contributed to the conservation of tigers but also of the entire ecosystem.
• 22. • Initiated in 1992 which aims at conserving elephants and their habitat and of migratory routes by developing scientific and planned management measures. • Under the project welfare of the domestic elephants is also considered, issues like mitigation of human- elephant conflict are also taken care of. • The project’s endeavour is to strengthen the measures for protection of elephants against poachers and unnatural death. 2. PROJECT ELEPHANT 3. INDIAN RHINO VISION 2020 • It is an effort of pact made by the Bodoland Territorial Council, WWF (World Wildlife Fund), IRF (International Rhino Fund) and the US Fish and Wildlife Services. • It’s main objective is to conserve at least 3000 greater one-horned rhinos in Assam, India by 2020.
• 23. • The main objectives are : › to protect the remaining population of crocodiles and their natural habitat by establishing sanctuaries; › to promote captive breeding; › to improve management; › to involve the local people in the project intimately. • It is worth noticing that with the initiation of Crocodile Conservation Project, 4000 aligators, 3300 crocodiles could be restocked. 4. CROCODILE CONSERVATION PROJECT • This project was started to conserve the crocodiles, whose species were on the verge of extinction once.
• 24. • The project is for 10 coastal state in India especially Odisha where it has contributed towards the preparation of a map of breeding sites of Sea Turtles; identification of breeding places and habitats along the coast line, and migratory routes taken by Sea Turtles. • The project also helped in the development of guidelines to safeguard the turtle mortality rate and for tourism in sea turtle areas. • Amongst the major achievements of the project is the demonstration of use of Satellite Telemetry to locate the migratory route of sea turtles in the sea. 5. SEA TURTLE PROJECT • With an objective to conserve the Olive Ridley Turtles, the Sea Turtle Project was initiated by Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun as the Implementing Agency in November 1999.
• 25. • Keeping in view the recent human encroachment, the Indian Government did take effective initiatives to conserve wildlife in the country, and amongst it, most commendable initiatives is the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, which prohibits trade of rare and endangered species. • However, this is not the only laudatory measure taken by the Government of India (GOI), there is so much more that needs to be told about the various Wildlife Conservation Societies that have helped the country maintain its rich wildlife. • Here is a glance at the important Wildlife Conservation Societies of India : › The Corbett Foundation. › Wildlife Institute of India. › Wildlife Protection Society of India. › Wildlife Conservation Trust. › Wildlife SOS. › World Wildlife Fund (WWF). › Centre for Wildlife Studies. IMPORTANT WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETIES OF INDIA
• 26. • The Corbett Foundation involves actions taken by passionate men and women who wish to protect wildlife and bring forth harmony. It raises funds, draws the government’s attention towards major wildlife issues and promotes wildlife research projects. It works for protection of other regions such as Bandhavgarh, Kutch and Kanha as well. 1. THE CORBETT FOUNDATION 2. WILDLIFE INSTITUTE OF INDIA • Wildlife Institute of India (WII) was established in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India in 1982 with an aim to provide training and courses, and promote wildlife research and management. WII is actively involved in research of biodiversity and major wildlife issues in India.
• 27. • The main aim of WPSI is to inform the government about poaching and wildlife trade, especially of tigers. WPSI even works for mitigating human- animal conflicts and promotes research projects. 3. WILDLIFE PROTECTION SOCIETY OF INDIA • Founded by Belinda Wright, an award-winning wildlife photographer and filmmaker, Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI) works to manage the intractable wildlife crisis in India. 4. WILDLIFE CONSERVATION TRUST • Wildlife Conservation Trust (WCT) works to protect the vulnerable animals and biodiversity of India through spreading awareness across forest departments and NGOs. WCT even trains individuals for wildlife conservation.
• 28. • WWF- India promotes various academic, field projects for biodiversity and even spreads awareness about enviro-legal actions. • Established in 1995 by Kartick Satyanarayan and Geeta Seshamani, Wildlife SOS works against animal violence, resolves human-animal conflicts, rescues wildlife during crisis and educates people about habitat protection. 5. WILDLIFE SOS, INDIA 6. WORLD WILDLIFE FUND (WWF), INDIA • World Wildlife Fund- India started working at Horn Bill House, Mumbai. Today, WWF- India happens to be the largest voluntary organization which works for wildlife as well as nature conservation. 7. CENTRE FOR WILDLIFE STUDIES • Centre for Wildlife Studies (CWS) was established in 1984 in Bengaluru with an aim to promote conservation of the tiger and other large mammals, along with equal emphasis for ecology through collaboration with State and Central Governments. • Initially started to stop bears from dancing in circuses, today Wildlife SOS even has projects to rescue elephants, leopards, reptiles and various other animals.
• 29. RECOMMENDATIONS • Love towards mother earth, nature and animals. • Conservation laws for wildlife should be practiced properly. • Strict actions against, who do not abide laws. • Non-balable arrest to person found acused. • Non-industrial activities besides reserve forest. CONCLUSION Forests and wildlife are the renewable natural resources and if all the planned programmes are effectively executed, in a few decades the flora and the fauna will start flourishing. Where is my mamma?
• 30. • http://www.wiienvis.nic.in/Content/GovernmentPolicyDocuments_8100.aspx • http://www.polkacafe.com/wildlife-conservation-organizations-and-initiatives-in- india-878.html • http://www.conservationindia.org/resources/the-legal-framework-for-wildlife- conservation-in-india-2 • https://www.ranthamborenationalpark.com/blog/wildlife-conservation-initiatives- indian-government/ • http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/wildlife/wildlife-protection-projects-undertaken- by-govt-of-india-for-wildlife-protection/11157/ • http://nbaindia.org/uploaded/Biodiversityindia/1.%20Fisheries%20Act.pdf REFERENCES • National Wildlife Database Cell, Wildlife Institute of India. • http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/wildlife/wildlife1.html

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Statutory Exemption for Restoration Projects

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Section 21080.56 of the California Public Resources Code , also known as the Statutory Exemption for Restoration Projects (SERP), provides a California Environmental Quality Act statutory exemption for fish and wildlife restoration projects that meet certain requirements. CDFW’s Cutting the Green Tape Program is responsible for coordinating with lead agencies seeking SERP concurrence. SERP is currently anticipated to sunset on January 1, 2025.

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• May 28, 2024

The Director of CDFW has concurred with the lead agency determination by the California State Coastal Conservancy that the Prairie Creek at Elk Meadow Cabins Habitat Enhancement Project (PDF) qualifies as a statutorily exempt restoration project under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). (Pub. Resources Code, § 21080.56, subd. (e).)

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Dead Monkeys Are Falling From Trees Amid Brutal Heat in Mexico

The deaths of dozens of howler monkeys may be the latest sign of the danger extreme temperatures pose to wildlife around the world.

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By Manuela Andreoni

Gilberto Pozo, a biologist, was monitoring a small forest in the town of Cunduacán, in southern Mexico, in early May when two mantled howler monkeys fell from a tree in front of him with a thud.

“They were dehydrated and received treatment,” he said. “But they didn’t survive.”

At first, Dr. Pozo and his team at Cobius, a nonprofit conservation group, thought the monkeys had been overcome by smoke from fires set by farmers clearing land nearby.

But, as temperatures soared over 100 degrees Fahrenheit in recent weeks, dozens of reports of dead monkeys started popping up. Residents were finding groups of 10 or more dead at a time, many also showing signs of dehydration. As of Wednesday, 147 monkeys have died in the states of Tabasco and Chiapas in southern Mexico.

The deaths of dozens of mantled howler monkeys in Mexico may be the latest sign of the danger extreme temperatures pose to wildlife around the world. As global temperatures have shattered records , scientists have recently documented a die-off of Amazon dolphins and a mass bleaching event in the world’s coral reefs .

“The animals are sending us a warning, because they are sentinels of the ecosystem,” Dr. Pozo said of the monkeys. “If they are unwell, it’s because something is happening.”

Scientists investigating the deaths still don’t know exactly what caused them. But they hypothesize that warmer temperatures may have combined with a confluence of other factors — including fires, deforestation and logging — that have cornered the monkeys in smaller areas of forest with little shade, food or water. The scientists haven’t yet ruled out pathogens, but a recent necropsy on one of the monkeys showed no signs of influenza, including bird flu, or Covid-19, Dr. Pozo said.

Mantled howler monkeys are one of the largest primates in Mexico and Central America, measuring around 25 inches on average. Covered in thick black fur, they are known for their low, guttural calls. They eat fruit and leaves, which are also one of their main sources of water. Scientists suspect that the drought dried up leaves and streams, making it harder for the monkeys to hydrate.

The species, which is found as far south as Peru, is considered vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. But the Mexican subspecies is in worse shape and has been classified as endangered.

In Mexico, the heat has helped unleash drought in much of the country and the capital is running out of water . Environmental changes have very likely put more stress on Mexico’s small mammals. Tabasco State is home to much of the country’s cattle and is one of the most heavily deforested states in Mexico. As farms have expanded in the region, the tropical forests where monkeys live have shrunk.

“In general, howler monkeys are very resilient to those conditions and can survive for long periods of time,” said Liliana Cortés Ortiz, a primatologist at the University of Michigan and the vice chair of the primate specialist group at the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Videos of large groups of dead monkeys on the ground, or of local residents with the limp bodies of baby monkeys, have spread through social media in recent weeks. “Please whoever is setting fires, stop,” one person said in a video posted on Facebook.

On Monday the deaths prompted a reaction from President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, when he told reporters his government was looking into how to help. “It’s been very hot,” he said. “I’ve never felt it this bad,” in recent visits to some states, he added.

This isn’t the first time this species of howler monkeys has been in trouble. In 2016, a similarly hot and dry year, mass die-offs of howler monkeys were also reported in Nicaragua. At the time, scientists estimated at least 280 had animals died in three months, though they were unable to pinpoint the cause.

Now, scientists from the region are forming a working group to put together protocols that lay out what people should and shouldn’t do if they find monkeys in distress. They are also trying to attract funding to do more research into the causes of the deaths.

Dr. Cortés Ortiz said she worried about what could be happening to other species that people aren’t as likely to notice.

Though species have evolved to adapt to different conditions, things are now changing “so fast, that it’s going to be very difficult for many species to adapt,” Dr. Cortés Ortiz said. “There is not enough time.”

For now, nonprofit and academic groups in Mexico are caring for the monkeys they can find. More than a dozen are in clinics being hydrated and treated. Some are recovering in the city of Cunduácan, where Dr. Pozo first saw animals fall from a tree. But on Wednesday, he said, “sadly, one of them has died.”

Manuela Andreoni is a Times climate and environmental reporter and a writer for the Climate Forward newsletter. More about Manuela Andreoni

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UNH Extension Seeks a Field Specialist in Community Conservation

This position is located in Extension’s Rockingham County office in Brentwood, N.H.

The Extension field specialist in community conservation for Rockingham County will implement University of New Hampshire (UNH) Cooperative Extension’s mission through the application of research-based knowledge and information from UNH, the nationwide land-grant system, and other sources of reputable research to ensure informed decision-making that strengthens youth, family and community, sustains natural resources, and improves the economy.

The field specialist develops, implements, monitors, evaluates and reports on county and regional (N.H. coastal watershed) support for land and community conservation, including technical land conservation assistance to local conservation commissions, land-use regulations in support of natural resource conservation, support of regional land conservation efforts, land stewardship, land conservation options and estate planning, conservation funding sources, and cost share programs. The field specialist also develops, implements, monitors, evaluates and reports on statewide programming in land and community conservation in one or more of these areas: land conservation best practices, conservation planning, land-use regulations, land stewardship and management, land conservation options and estate planning, and social marketing for natural resources. The field specialist provides leadership and collaboration in determining needs; establishing priorities; developing marketing; and implementing, evaluating and reporting on educational programs in an assigned Area of Expertise (AoE) in alignment with the natural resource program team’s vision and goals.

This work will be done both individually and in cooperation with UNH colleagues, land trusts, conservation organizations, natural resource professionals, communities, county advisory councils, state and federal agencies, and other partners. Audiences and clientele include primarily conservation commissioners, land trusts, conservation organizations, municipal/government staff, communities, natural resource professionals and volunteers, but may also include private landowners, youth and the general public.

• Work with a team of Extension state and field specialists to plan, develop, implement and evaluate innovative educational programs in a specific field of study as specified in the plan of work, under supervision of the program team leader.
• Involve the County Cooperative Extension Advisory Council and local agencies and organizations in educational needs assessment and program development.
• Cooperate with colleagues to support, develop, implement and report on disciplinary and interdisciplinary programs that benefit Rockingham County and the entire state.
• Serve on internal committees and external boards at the local, state or national level as appropriate to the position’s plan of work.
• Prepare appropriate reports required by UNH Cooperative Extension, county government, partners and funders.
• Ensure programmatic involvement of underserved and underrepresented audiences and that all educational programming is designed and conducted in full accordance with the spirit and policies of civil rights, Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO), Affirmative Action (AA) and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) policies and procedures.
• Develop and implement county, regional and statewide marketing strategies to promote UNH Extension and its programs in accordance with good public relations and the organization’s established marketing policies.
• Build and maintain relationships with UNH faculty in relevant disciplines.
• Develop partnerships with local and state agencies and organizations.
• Develop productive relationships with elected and appointed officials.
• In consultation with the program team leader and the area of expertise chair, and in accordance with UNH and Cooperative Extension external funding guidelines, seek external funds to enhance programs and achieve educational goals.
• Participate in grant-funded projects with Extension colleagues as appropriate and as approved by the program team leader.
• Utilize sound management strategies with county and state funding to enhance delivery of effective programs and assist clients.
• Assist communities in the development of Natural Resources Inventories, including supporting the use of the N.H. Method for Wetland Assessment, incorporating N.H. Wildlife Action Plan data and N.H. Forest Action Plan strategies.
• Demonstrate effective interpersonal verbal and written skills.
• Make effective and innovative use of media and computer technologies in educational program development and delivery and in disseminating information to the public.
• Demonstrate effective problem-solving skills.
• Build productive working relationships with Extension colleagues in N.H. and other states.
• Maintain regular communication with the program team leader and area of expertise chair (an appointed Extension colleague who leads the field specialist’s work team). Keep them fully apprised of county issues, programs, needs and accomplishments and involve them in programs to address these needs as appropriate.
• Serve as the UNH Extension county office administrator (COA) when the need is identified and as advised by the program team leader and Extension administration.
• When it is another colleagues’ time to serve as COA, support that person in the performance of their duties and carry out appropriately delegated responsibilities.
• Serve in UNH Extension organizational leadership or committee roles.
• Welcome new Extension staff and engage in their success.
• Serve in a mentor capacity as needed and where appropriate.
• Provide input into the evaluation of co-workers.
• Develop and implement a professional development plan to maintain and enhance competence in appropriate subject areas and professional skills such as leadership, group process and facilitation.
• A master’s degree in a related field and two years of relevant experience is preferred. One degree must be in forestry, wildlife, natural resources, or a closely related field from an accredited institution. A strong candidate with a bachelor’s level degree in an appropriate discipline with related experience may be considered if willing to obtain a master’s degree within seven years of hire.
• High degree of subject matter competence in land conservation. Additional expertise in working with communities is desirable.
• Experience working with at least some of the following audiences: conservation organizations, city/town boards, state government and federal agencies.
• Demonstrated competency in presenting educational programs and using computers and current communication technology (e.g., presentation software, video conferencing).   
• Able to accomplish extensive, year-round field work
• Excellent written and oral communication skills
• Able to work effectively and cooperatively with co-workers and people with a variety of values and interests and of all ages, ethnic backgrounds, income and education levels.
• Willing to participate in professional development activities to add and enhance knowledge in land and community conservation, land stewardship and management, land conservation best practices, land conservation options and estate planning, and land-use regulations.
• Willing and able to work some nights and weekends for programs, events or meetings
• Maintain a valid driver’s license and access to a personal vehicle for frequent local travel. Mileage will be reimbursed at the federal rate.
• At least two years of relevant professional experience in the area of land and water conservation/management, with Extension education and/or similar outreach experience.
• Demonstrated competency with computers and current technology, such as Microsoft Office 365, Outlook, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS), and online mapping software.

The University System of New Hampshire is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access/Affirmative Action employer. The University System is committed to creating an environment that values and supports diversity and inclusiveness across our campus communities and encourages applications from qualified individuals who will help us achieve this mission. The University System prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, disability, veteran status, or marital status, genetic information, and political orientation. Application by members of all underrepresented groups is encouraged. Hiring is contingent upon eligibility to work in the U.S. 

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