solved assignment 1431 spring 2023

AIOU Solved Assignment Code 1431 Spring & Autumn 2023 PDF

Here, We have provided AIOU Solved Assignment Code 1431 for both Spring and Autumn semesters. According to AIOU policy, The assignment marks are 50% of your total exam marks. So Without submission of your assignments of code 1431 for BA , you will be considered a Fail.

It’s important to submit your all assignments of code 1431 on time to avoid any problems using AIOU Aagahi Portal. For this purpose, we have provided AIOU Solved Assignment Code 1431 for BA in PDF Format.

AIOU Solved Assignment Code 1431 Spring & Autumn (PDF Download)

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Aiou solved assignments spring 2023 download free pdf.

Download Current Semester New Assignments Click Here

AIOU Solved Assignments Spring 2023 Download Free PDF. AIOU stands for Allama Iqbal Open University , which is a public research university located in Islamabad, Pakistan. It was established in 1974 and is known for its distance education programs that cater to students from all over Pakistan and other countries. Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) is a renowned institution in Pakistan, that provides distance learning education to students across the country. The university offers various undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate programs in different fields. To ensure that students receive a quality education, AIOU has a rigorous assessment system, which includes assignments, quizzes, and exams. To help students with their assignments, the university provides solved assignments, which are available in the form of PDFs. AIOU Solved Assignments Spring 2023 Download Free PDF.

AIOU offers a wide range of academic programs, including undergraduate and graduate degrees, diplomas, and certificates in various fields of study. It also provides a variety of professional development courses and training programs to help individuals improve their skills and knowledge.

One of the key features of AIOU’s distance education system is the use of assignments as a means of assessing students’ learning and understanding of course material. Students are required to complete assignments for each course they are enrolled in, and these assignments carry a significant weightage in their overall course grades.

To help students prepare for these assignments, AIOU provides solved assignments that include sample answers and explanations to commonly asked questions. These solved assignments are designed to help students understand the concepts and topics covered in their course and provide them with a framework for approaching their own assignments.

What are Solved Assignments?

Solved assignments are the answers to the questions given in the assignment provided by the university. These assignments are solved by experts who have a deep understanding of the subject matter. The solved assignments are designed to help students understand the concepts and ideas presented in the course material. They also help students to prepare for their exams by providing them with a clear understanding of the topics covered in the course.

Importance of Solved Assignments:

Solved assignments are an essential part of the learning process. They help students to gain a better understanding of the course material and develop critical thinking skills. Solved assignments provide students with a clear understanding of the topics covered in the course, which helps them to prepare for their exams. Moreover, solved assignments also serve as a reference guide for students who are struggling with a particular concept.

Benefits of Downloading AIOU Solved Assignments:

AIOU solved assignments are available in PDF format, which makes it easy for students to download and access them on their devices. The solved assignments are designed to help students understand the course material better, which ultimately leads to better grades. By downloading the solved assignments, students can get an idea of the type of questions that are likely to be asked in the exams. This helps them to prepare for their exams in a better way.

Furthermore, solved assignments can also be used as a reference guide for future studies. Students can refer to these assignments when they are revising for exams or when they are studying a particular topic. Solved assignments are an excellent resource for students who are struggling with a particular topic or concept. By referring to the solved assignments, students can get a clear understanding of the topic, which can help them to improve their grades.

How to Download AIOU Solved Assignments:

To download AIOU-solved assignments, students need to follow a few simple steps. Firstly, they need to visit the official website of AIOU. Once on the website, students need to navigate to the assignments section. In this section, students can find the solved assignments for their respective courses. They can select the course they are enrolled in and download the solved assignments in PDF format.

It is essential to note that students should only download the solved assignments from the official website of AIOU. There are several websites that claim to provide solved assignments, but these assignments may not be accurate or reliable. Therefore, students should only rely on the official website of AIOU to download their solved assignments.

AIOU solved assignments are an excellent resource for students who are looking to improve their grades and gain a better understanding of the course material. These assignments are designed to help students understand the topics covered in the course, and they serve as a reference guide for future studies. By downloading the solved assignments, students can get an idea of the type of questions that are likely to be asked in the exams, which helps them to prepare for their exams in a better way. Therefore, students should take advantage of this resource and download the solved assignments from the official website of AIOU.

Now let’s talk about how to download AIOU solved assignments for Spring 2023 in PDF format. There are several ways to do this, depending on your preferences and circumstances.

The first option is to visit the AIOU website and download the solved assignments from there. To do this, follow these steps:

Go to the website ( www.skilling.pk ).
Click on the “Assignments” tab in the main menu.
Select your program level (e.g., Bachelor’s, Master’s, etc.) and then select your course code from the list of available courses.
Click on the “Download” button next to the solved assignment for your course.
The solved assignment will be downloaded in PDF format, which you can save or print as needed.

Introduction of ICT Code 1431 Assignments of Spring 2023

Introduction of ict code 1431 assignment number 1.

Introduction of ICT Code 1431 Assignment Number 2

Important Note:

1. Allama Iqbal Open University ASSIGNMENTS :-

First and foremost Assignments are an essential part of the students. Because this plays a very important role, moreover , you can’t clear your semester without assignments. Most Importantly send your assignments on time. However, you can not pass exams without assignments. In other words, your attendance in exams is wasteless.

2. Assignments Recommendation:-

You will be considered to fail without submitting your assignment. In other words, even if you get 95% marks in the examination you will be considered as fail. If you clear your assignments, you have the chance to appear in the examination. Therefore you can have 3 attempts to appear.

Following are the passing marks for each assignment

1st Assignment must have at least 50% marks.
2nd Assignment must have at least 50% marks.
3rd Assignment must have at least 50% marks.
4th Assignment must have at least 50% marks.

In contrast, subjects having 2 assignments follow the same percentage.

Above All AIOU Master Academy strives to help AIOU students. Moreover, we provide exam preparation notes like Key books , Guess papers , and 5 years papers.

3. Academy Mission:-

First of all our mission is to educate our young generation. Secondly, Academy tries its best to build civilized and sophisticated mankind in our country. besides, we are not indulged in any kind of miscellaneous activity that detracts students to take any shortcut in their education. subsequently, we always promote legal education as a priority, as well as help students self-learning and build skills to perform best in the future.

4. Earnings:-

Our basic earnings are from selling hardcopy notes like Key books , Guess papers , and 5 years’ Papers to students at a very reasonable price. The Academy doesn’t earn by providing any kind of consultancy services. We assist students on Call or WhatsApp nor do we have premium support like others to earn money from needy students.

5. Free Notes:-

We also provide free Guess Papers , 5 Years Papers , and Soft Copy of Assignments to students on our website. Assignments are only available on the website for guidelines and awareness about the conten t and pattern of related courses.

6. Online Earning:-

Despite this, our earnings are from the Internet, YouTube , and Google . Similarly, They pay us because of the ads they publish on our YouTube channel or on our website.

Book editing code 455 assignments of autumn 2023, tv broadcasting code 454 assignments of autumn 2023, radio broadcasting code 453 assignments of autumn 2023, advance of accounting code 444 assignments of autumn 2023.

This assignment available in urdu?

Please contact on whatsapp at 0333-5455195 for any query

AIOU Solved Assignment No. 1 Code 1431 Spring 2023

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AIOU Solved Assignment Code 1423 Autumn 2023 | AIOU Code 1423 Solved Assignment No.1 Autumn 2023 | Urdu News

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Home » AIOU FA SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS » AIOU Free Solved Assignments 2023

AIOU Free Solved Assignments 2023

Are you a student of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) searching for free solved assignments for the year 2023? Look no further! In this post, we will explore how you can conveniently obtain AIOU solved assignments through the user-friendly platform, AIOU Studio 9. With a vast collection of free assignment solutions available in PDF format, AIOU Studio 9 ensures that you have the resources you need to excel in your studies. Let’s delve into the process and discover how you can access these valuable materials hassle-free.

What are AIOU’s Solved Assignments?

AIOU solved assignments refer to pre-prepared solutions for the assignments issued by AIOU for various courses and programs. These assignments provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the topics and enable them to complete their coursework successfully. AIOU Studio 9 offers an extensive collection of solved assignments for the year 2023, catering to multiple disciplines and study levels.

Accessing AIOU Assignment 2023 Solved Materials

To download the AIOU assignment 2023 solved materials from AIOU Studio 9, follow these simple steps:

a) Visit the AIOU Studio 9 website Aiou Studio 9 . b) Navigate to the “Assignments” section on the website’s homepage. c) Look for the “2023 Assignments” category and click on it. d) Choose your program and select the relevant course. e) You will find a list of available solved assignments for that course. f) Click on the desired assignment to initiate the download process.

Benefits of AIOU Studio 9 for AIOU Solved Assignments:

By utilizing AIOU Studio 9 for accessing AIOU solved assignments, students can enjoy the following advantages:

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AIOU Studio 9 provides all assignment solutions for the year 2023 absolutely free of charge, eliminating any financial burden on students.

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The platform offers a diverse range of subjects and programs, ensuring that students from various disciplines can find the solved assignments they need.

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Conclusion: AIOU Studio 9 is your one-stop destination for accessing AIOU assignment 2023 solved materials effortlessly. With its user-friendly interface, an extensive collection of free-solved assignments, and commitment to providing high-quality resources, AIOU Studio 9 proves to be an invaluable platform for AIOU students. Take advantage of this opportunity to enhance your academic journey and excel in your studies. Visit AIOU Studio 9 today and unlock a world of free solved assignments for the year 2023!

AIOU Course Code 1431-2 Solved Assignment Spring 2022

Course: Basics of ICT (1431)

Download Button Is given At the End of Post

Semester: Spring, 2022. Level: BA/Associate Degree (AD)

Assignment no 02

Question no 1.

Q.1 Answer the following questions properly:

Explain the important features of spreadsheet package.

A spreadsheet is a file that exists of cells in rows and columns and can help arrange, calculate and sort data. Data in a spreadsheet can be numeric values, as well as text, formulas, references and functions.

Basic Features of Spreadsheet Programs:

Grids, Rows & Columns. A spreadsheet consists of a grid of columns and rows.

Functions. Functions are used in the Spreadsheet software to evaluate values and perform different kinds of operations.

Text Manipulation.
three features of spreadsheet?

Features of spreadsheet software

Rows and columns. Through a spreadsheet’s grid system of rows and columns, all of your information is neatly organized in one easy-to-read space.

Formulas and functions.
Data filtering and visualization.
Custom formatting.
Project management.

Basic tools and functions of a spreadsheet.

Function Categorization
Arithmetic functions : offer basic tools to process numerical data.
Statistical functions: have analysis tools, averaging tools.
Date functions: process and convert dates.
Logic functions: process logic data (AND, OR, etc.).
Financial functions: process monetary data.

Example of a formula

A formula is an expression which calculates the value of a cell. Functions are predefined formulas and are already available in Excel. For example, cell A3 below contains a formula which adds the value of cell A2 to the value of cell A1.

Five uses of spreadsheet.

Once this data is entered into the spreadsheet, you can use it to help organize and grow your business.

Business Data Storage.
Accounting and Calculation Uses.
Budgeting and Spending Help.
Assisting with Data Exports.
Data Sifting and Cleanup.
Generating Reports and Charts.
Business Administrative Tasks.
Define system performance measures & process management tools in detail.

Performance measurement is something that happens in nearly every organisation, but it can be done in so many ways. How do business leaders determine the measurement system for individual and group performance?

Historically, annual performance reviews have been a common way to measure performance. But, do they really measure good performance vs. poor performance if it’s only done once per year? Read on to learn some of the best practices you can implement to drive performance and improve your business strategy

Every organization, whether commercial or non-commercial, prefers to monitor its overall progress yearly, monthly, or weekly. It depends on the amount of work and the type of organization.

To help organizations to keep a check on the progress of the organization, performance management software and tools are available. These tools simplify the work of the organization and provide benefits to the employees.

These performance management tools are:

Performance Appraisals
360-degree Feedback
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
Personal Development Plans (PDP)
Reward and Recognition Programmes

These are the top 5 performance management tools used by most organizations. Each of these tools has benefits, features, specifications, and flaws. It is upon the organization to decide which tools are suitable according to their needs and scope of growth.

Question no 2 .

Define the term operating system.

An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. An operating system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

Some popular Operating Systems include Linux Operating System, Windows Operating System, VMS, OS/400, AIX, z/OS, etc.

An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of programs.

Conceptual view of an Operating System

Following are some of important functions of an operating System.

Memory Management
Processor Management
Device Management
File Management
Control over system performance
Job accounting
Error detecting aids
Coordination between other software and users

(b) Explain the different functions of an operating system in detail.

An Operating System acts as a communication bridge (interface) between the user and computer hardware. The purpose of an operating system is to provide a platform on which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner. An operating system is a piece of software that manages the allocation of computer hardware. The coordination of the hardware must be appropriate to ensure the correct working of the computer system and to prevent user programs from interfering with the proper working of the system.

Example: Just like a boss gives orders to his employee, in a similar way we request or pass our orders to the Operating System. The main goal of the Operating System is to thus make the computer environment more convenient to use and the secondary goal is to use the resources in the most efficient manner.

Important functions of an operating System:

The operating system uses password protection to protect user data and similar other techniques. it also prevents unauthorized access to programs and user data.

Control over system performance –

Monitors overall system health to help improve performance. records the response time between service requests and system response to having a complete view of the system health. This can help improve performance by providing important information needed to troubleshoot problems.

Job accounting –

Operating system Keeps track of time and resources used by various tasks and users, this information can be used to track resource usage for a particular user or group of users.

Error detecting aids –

The operating system constantly monitors the system to detect errors and avoid the malfunctioning of a computer system.

Coordination between other software and users –

Operating systems also coordinate and assign interpreters, compilers, assemblers, and other software to the various users of the computer systems.

Memory Management –

The operating system manages the Primary Memory or Main Memory. Main memory is made up of a large array of bytes or words where each byte or word is assigned a certain address. Main memory is fast storage and it can be accessed directly by the CPU. For a program to be executed, it should be first loaded in the main memory. An Operating System performs the following activities for memory management:

Device Management –

An OS manages device communication via their respective drivers. It performs the following activities for device management. Keeps track of all devices connected to the system. designates a program responsible for every device known as the Input/Output controller. Decides which process gets access to a certain device and for how long. Allocates devices in an effective and efficient way. Deallocates devices when they are no longer required.

File Management –

A file system is organized into directories for efficient or easy navigation and usage. These directories may contain other directories and other files. An Operating System carries out the following file management activities. It keeps track of where information is stored, user access settings and status of every file, and more… These facilities are collectively known as the file system.

Question no 3.

Differentiate between Simplex, Half Duplex and Full Duplex with the help of proper examples.

In electronics, data transfer between sender and receiver follows a particular mode which is also known as Transmission mode. On the basis of nature of data sent and data received we can distinguish between Transmission mode as Simplex, Half-duplex and Full-duplex.

Question no 4.

Write short notes (in your own words) on the following topics:

(a) Multimedia Software

Multimedia refers to a combination of text, graphics, sound, animation and video. Multimedia is an essential element in many of the other software applications. For example, word processing and desktop publishing documents can be enhanced with graphics, photos and charts. Presentations can be more exciting when they include sound and animation. Reference and tutorial applications are more significant when they include pictures, sounds, animation and video information in addition to text. Multimedia software can be entertaining as well as useful. You can play music on your computer, listen to the sound an animal makes while browsing a disk about the zoo, hear actual recordings of famous speeches, view a video clip of a historic event, watch an animation about how a car engine works, hear the correct pronunciation of a word or phrase, view full color photographs of famous works of art or scenes from nature, listen to the sounds of different musical instruments, hear works of music by renowned composers, or watch a movie on your computer.

There is a large selection of multimedia software available for your enjoyment. Multimedia subjects include children’s learning, the arts, reference works, health and medicine, science, history, geography, hobbies and sports, games, and much more. Because of the large storage requirements of this type of media, most multimedia software comes on a compact disk (CD-ROM) format. To use multimedia software, your system must meet certain minimum requirements set forth by the Multimedia Personal Computer (MPC) Marketing Council. These requirements include a CD-ROM drive, hard disk drive with ample storage capacity, a `486 or better central processing unit (CPU), at least 4 to 8 megabytes of RAM (memory), a 256 color or better video adapter, and a sound card with speakers or headphones. Most new computers far exceed these specifications. A microphone is optional if you want to record your own sounds. While these are suggested minimum requirements, many multimedia programs would run better on computer equipped with a Pentium 4 or AMD Athlon CPU and 512 or more megabytes of RAM. Since much of the software purchased today contains multimedia content, we are now referring to multimedia software as the software used to create multimedia content. Examples incluse authoring software, which is used to create interactive multimedia courseware which is distributed on CD or available over the Internet. A teacher could use such a program to create interesting interactive lessons for the students which are viewed on the computer. A business could create programs to teach job skills or orient new employees.

Another category of multimedia involves the recreational use of music. Songs can be copied from CDs or downloaded from the Internet and stored on the hard drive. The music can then be burned onto a CD or transfered to a walkman-like device called a MP3 player or a “julebox.” There is also software for the creation, arranging, performance and recording of music and video. Through the use of a MIDI (Music Instrument Digital Interface) connector installed in the computer, the computer can be connected to musical instruments such as electronic keyboards. A music student or musician could then create a multiple track recording, arrange it, play it back, change the key or tempo, and print out the sheet music. Another type of software which is recently gaining popularity is digital audio recording software, which allows the computer to be connected to a digital audio mixer, usually through USB or “Firewire” connectors, and record live music onto the hard drive. The “tracks” can then be mixed, effects added, and music CDs can then be made from the master recording. Also available are special cameras that allow you to record pictures and movies to your hard disk drive so they can easily be transferred into a multimedia presentation or edited and recorded back to video tape to create your own “home movie.” These cameras range from the very inexpensive type that are wired to the computer and sit on a small stand near the monitor. This type of camera is sometimes referred to as an “Internet camera” or a “video chat” camera, and sometimes called a “golf ball” camera because many of them are in the shape of a golf ball. These cameras can also be used to send a live video feed over the Internet, such as a video “chat” or “teleconference” call. For people who enjoy using home movie cameras, the price of digital video camcorders has dropped below $400. Digital video cameras allow you to record movies and watch them with amazing clarity and resolution, or to transfer your video to the computer for editing using the included software. You can delete unwanted scenes, add titles and effects, fade in and out, create a sequence of scenes from smaller video files, and even add a musical sound track. Once the editing is complete, the movie can be recorded back to the videotape, or “burned” onto a DVD if your computer is equipped with a DVD-R or DVD-RW drive.

Graphics, Text, Video Games and Animations.

A graphic is an image or visual representation of an object. Therefore, computer graphics are simply images displayed on a computer screen. Graphics are often contrasted with text, which is comprised of characters, such as numbers and letters, rather than images. Computer graphics can be either two or three-dimensional. Early computers only supported 2D monochrome graphics, meaning they were black and white (or black and green, depending on the monitor). Eventually, computers began to support color images. While the first machines only supported 16 or 256 colors, most computers can now display graphics in millions of colors.2D graphics come in two flavors — raster and vector. Raster graphics are the most common and are used for digital photos, Web graphics, icons, and other types of images. They are composed of a simple grid of pixels, which can each be a different color. Vector graphics, on the other hand are made up of paths, which may be lines, shapes, letters, or other scalable objects. They are often used for creating logos, signs, and other types of drawings. Unlike raster graphics, vector graphics can be scaled to a larger size without losing quality.

3D graphics started to become popular in the 1990s, along with 3D rendering software such as CAD and 3D animation programs. By the year 2000, many video games had begun incorporating 3D graphics, since computers had enough processing power to support them. Now most computers now come with a 3D video card that handles all the 3D processing. This allows even basic home systems to support advanced 3D games and applications.

Text Graphics In Video

A text graphic is a visual representation of words. Text graphics are typically used in video to convey information quickly and concisely. They can range from representing something as simple as a set of instructions, to more complex ideas such as an explanation for why the viewer should buy your product or service.

Animation is a process where multiple snapshots are taken and manipulated by showing them in rapid succession, which creates the illusion that they are moving. This can be done using drawings, models, puppets, computer images, and more. Originally, the method of choice for animation was drawings, which were applied to transparent sheets and then photographed. However, it is now more common for animation to be created using computer-generated imagery, also known as CGI.

Animation in Games

Games are meant to be interactive. When you play a game, you’ll have complete control of the character and the camera. You’re the one driving the story forward and making the character move. So not only does the animation need to look good, it needs to look good from every possible angle.

game animation example of a man with a gun

For instance, if the game is third person, and the player rotates the camera around they’ll see the walk or run cycle from a completely new angle. This new angle can reveal things like knee pops that may not have been visible in the normal camera view. These are things that a game animator needs to take into account to ensure their animation holds up to whatever the player may throw at it. Unlike animation in a movie where the animator doesn’t need to worry about how it will look from a side view or from behind, creating animations for games needs to look good from any angle. For instance, when implementing the principle of arcs into an animation, the animator needs to ensure the character is following nice smooth arcing motions from any camera angle.

Question no 5.

What are the important characteristics of a programming language? Define it in detail with the help of different examples.

There are various factors, why the programmers prefer one language over the another. And some of very good characteristics of a good programming language are,

1) Clarity, Simplicity And Unity: A Programming language provides both a conceptual framework for Algorithm planning and means of expressing them. It should provide a clear, simple and unified set of concepts that can be used as primitives in developing algorithms.

It should have

It has minimum number of different concepts
– with Rules for their combina-tion being
-simple and regular.

This attribute is called conceptual integrity.

2) Orthogonality: It is one of the most important feature of PL orthogonality is the property that means ” Changing A does not change B”.

If I take Real world example of an orthogonal system Would be a radio, where changing the station does not change the volume and vice versa.

When the features of a language are orthogonal, language is easier to learn and programs are easier to write because only few exceptions and special cases to be remembered.

3) Support for Abstraction:- There is always found that a substantial gap remaining between the abstract data structure and operations that characterize the solution to a problem and their particular data structure and operations built into a language.

4) Programming Environment: An appropriate programming environment adds an extra utility and make language to be implemented easily like

The availability of- Reliable- Efficient – Well documentation

Speeding up creation and testing by-special Editors- testing packages

Facility- Maintaining and Modifying- Multi Version of program software product.

5) Ease of program verification:- Reusability:

The reusability of program written in a language is always a central concern. A program is checked by various testing technique like

Formal verification method Desk checking Input output test checking.

We verify the program by many more techniques. A language that makes program verification difficult maybe far more troublesome to use. Simplicity of semantic and syntactic structure is a primary aspect that tends to simplify program verification.

6) portability of programs: Programming language should be portable means it should be easy to transfer a program from which they are developed to the other computer.

A program whose definition is independent of features of a Particular machine forms can only support Portability. Example: Ada, FORTRAN, C, c++, Java.

Watch the Dateline episode "Killings in a College Town" now

Moscow, Idaho, is home to the University of Idaho. On Saturday, November 12, 2022, students were decked out in game day gear, ready to cheer on the school’s football team, the Vandals.

Noisy parties followed, until a hush settled on student housing around 3:00 or 4:00 a.m.

But that hush would not stay for long. By the next day, November 13, 2022, the news would be everywhere. Four students had been murdered in their home just blocks from campus.

21-year-old Madison Mogen, a senior from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.

Her best friend, Kaylee Goncalves, also 21, from Rathdrum, Idaho.

Ethan Chapin, a 20-year-old freshman from Conway, Washington.

And Ethan's girlfriend, 20-year-old junior Xana Kernodle of Avondale, Arizona.

Incredibly, two roommates survived: Bethany Funke and Dylan Mortenson. For reasons that are unclear, they were not hurt.

That night, students received multiple updates from the university, but none of them eased any minds, or made anyone feel safer.

Moscow Police were working the crime scene, but were saying not a word about what they'd found inside.

Not saying a word about who might have done it.

And saying little about what had happened...

To find out what happened, watch the full episode , “Killings in a College Town.”

You can also watch on Peacock TV or listen to the podcast .

Watch CBS News

Never-before-seen photos and details about the man accused of murdering four Idaho college students

By Peter Van Sant

January 7, 2023 / 11:02 PM EST / CBS News

Under a dark Idaho sky, investigators flew Bryan Kohberger to the college town of Moscow. Police delivered him to the Latah County Jail. On Jan. 5, in an orange jumpsuit, his face vacant, the 28-year-old made what will likely be his first of many appearances in this court.

He stands charged with the murder of four students from the University of Idaho: Kaylee Goncalves, Madison "Maddie" Mogen, Ethan Chapin and Xana Kernodle. Investigators say he stabbed them to death in the home the women shared.

JUDGE: The maximum penalty for this offense, if you plead guilty or be found guilty is up to death and imprisonment for life. Do you understand?

BRYAN KOHBERGER: Yes.

Kohberger has not yet entered a plea.

In an affidavit , investigators laid out their understanding of the grim details about the night of the killings: They say the killer left his DNA on a "leather knife sheath" found on a bed next to Maddie Mogen. And, most hauntingly, they say a surviving roommate thought she heard crying and "saw a figure clad in black clothing and a mask."

The man walked past, as she stood in "frozen shock." She locked herself in her room.

The investigation is fast-moving. Authorities have not disclosed a motive or if he had a connection to the students, but we are learning more about just who Bryan Kohberger is.

WHO IS ACCUSED KILLER BRYAN KOHBERGER?

Just 15 days before his arrest, Bryan Kohberger and his father were driving home from Washington State University for winter break to the family's home in Pennsylvania.

OFFICER (body cam video): Hello MICHAEL KOHBERGER: How you doing? OFFICER: How ya'll doin today?

The journey interrupted by two traffic stops, almost 10 minutes apart, in Indiana for tailgating.

MICHAEL KOHBERGER (to officer): We're gonna be going to Pennsylvania, a couple more miles. OFFICER: Oh, OK. MICHAEL KOHBERGER: …to the Pocono Mountains. We're a little, we're slightly punchy. We've been driving for hours.

Police body cam video shows Kohberger and his father talking calmly with an officer about the trip.

OFFICER: Hours? And days? BRYAN KOHBERGER: Hours. MICHAEL KOHBERGER: Hours. Well, we've been driving for almost a day. OFFICER: Do me a favor and don't follow too close, OK?

Then they are released with a warning.

Kohberger had been at the university since August, studying to get his Ph.D. in criminology. He was also a teaching assistant in the Department of Criminal Justice. He lived in an apartment complex on campus and had an office there.

According to the newly released affidavit, Kohberger had applied for an internship with the Pullman Police Department in the fall. He wrote in his application essay that "he had interest in assisting rural law enforcement agencies with how to better collect and analyze technological data."

Benjamin Roberts took four classes with Kohberger.

Benjamin Roberts : He seemed very comfortable around other people. He was very quick to offer his opinion and thoughts. And he was always participating fairly eagerly in classroom discussions.

He says Kohberger appeared highly intelligent.

Peter Van Sant : Does anything else come to mind that Bryan said to you in the past that today you think might be of interest?

Benjamin Roberts : There was a comment that he made, and it was kind of a flippant guy talk thing. At one point, he just idly mentioned, you know, "I can go down to a bar or a club and pretty much have any lady I want."

Kohberger arrived at the university after earning his bachelor's in psychology and master's degree in criminal justice at DeSales University in Center Valley, Pennsylvania.

While at DeSales, authorities say Bryan Kohberger posted this survey, approved by the university, on the website Reddit asking ex-cons about the crimes they committed. One question he asked: "Before making your move, how did you approach the victim or target?

James Gagliano : This could be a piece of circumstantial evidence.

James Gagliano is a retired FBI Supervisory Special Agent and CBS News consultant.

James Gagliano: The fact that the suspect was interested in pursuing a Ph.D. in criminal justice and was especially interested in … the mental state that people who had committed murders in the past … yes, it could be interesting to note. But I know a lot of researchers that study those things, too, that would never commit a quadruple homicide.

And if Kohberger was involved in these murders, genetic genealogist CeCe Moore questions why he would be so careless as to allegedly leave his DNA at the crime scene.

CeCe Moore : People are talking about how smart he supposedly is. And I just can't see how that could be true, because any student of forensic science or criminology would have to know that it's virtually impossible not to leave your DNA behind at a very violent, intimate crime scene like this.

CeCe Moore : You know, Ted Bundy thought he was smart. But he wasn't that smart, as it turns out.

After the murders, Roberts says Kohberger appeared disheveled, tired and chattier than usual.

But nothing could prepare Roberts for what he learned o f Kohberger's arrest.

Benjamin Roberts : Looking back over the last four months, I feel like there should have been signs that I should have seen. And I didn't ... I was blindsided.

Jason LaBar : This is out of character for Bryan, these allegations.

Monroe County public defender Jason LaBar represented Kohberger before he was extradited to Idaho.

Jason LaBar : The family would want the general public to know that Bryan is a caring son and brother —that's he's responsible, that he is devoted to them.

In a statement the family said, "we care deeply for the for the four families who have lost their precious children" ... and that they "seek the truth and promote his presumption of innocence rather than judge unknown facts and make erroneous assumptions."

Jason LaBar : He is innocent until proven otherwise.

LaBar says Kohberger came from a close-knit family. He grew up in eastern Pennsylvania in the Pocono Mountains. His father was as a maintenance worker and his mom worked in the school system. Bryan has two older sisters – one who works as a family therapist, and another sister who appeared in a 2011 low budget slasher film, "Two Days Back," about a group of young students viciously murdered by a serial killer. She now works as a school counselor.

Bree : My heart goes out to Bryan's family.

Kohberger's friend, Bree, says she met Bryan at a party when they attended Pleasant Valley High School. She asked "48 Hours" not to use her last name.

Bree : Bryan was really funny. He wasn't outgoing at all. But he also wasn't shy.

She says they bonded over their love of the outdoors.

Bree : I don't necessarily remember the conversations, but you definitely remember how someone makes you feel. … I just remember feeling OK — I was just with a friend. … Just felt natural.

Bree recalls Kohberger was an average student with only a few close friends. In a yearbook photo, Kohberger's caption said he aspired to be an Army Ranger.

Casey Artnz also knew Kohberger from high school . She posted this Tik Tok following Bryan's arrest.

CASEY ARNTZ TIK TOK: "I used to be friends with Bryan Kohberger" ... "I'm in actual shock right now."

Casey Arntz : He was an overweight kid. … So, he did get bullied a lot.

But Arntz says people saw a change in Kohberger the beginning of senior year.

Casey Arntz : He lost like 100 pounds . … He was a rail. … It was after that weight loss that a lot of people noticed a huge switch in him.

Casey Arntz : My brother has since come out to say that even though they were friends, Bryan bullied him.

Casey Arntz : He had said that he would put him in like a chokeholds and stuff like that.

Bree says Kohberger started using heroin, which ended their friendship.

Bree : You just saw him becoming more self-destructive. … He really stayed secluded.

It's unclear when exactly Kohberger went into recovery, but both Bree and Casey say years after he graduated high school it appeared as if he was getting his life together. He was going to Northampton Community College and working security for Pleasant Valley School District.

Bree : He was telling me that he wanted to get sober, that he was getting sober. … And he wanted to let me know like, "I'm gonna do better. I'm gonna be better."

Bree : I'm sorry ... (emotional)

Casey Arntz : The last time I saw Bryan was in 2017 at one of my friend's wedding. … And I gave him a hug and I said, "You look so good. Like I'm so proud of you."

And both Bree and Casey say it appeared that Kohberger had a new focus — his studies in criminology.

Bree : He wanted to do something that impacted people in a good way.

Bree: People were not his strong suit. And think through his criminology studies, he was really trying to understand humans and to try and understand himself.

Now Bree, like many who knew him, struggles to connect the person they once knew to this unspeakable crime.

Bree : I think a lot of people who were close to him are feeling this massive amount of guilt … "Why didn't I see it? Did I miss something? … Where did it go wrong?

THE YOUNG LIVES LOST

Before it was a crime scene, it was a home to five close friends. Maybe none closer than Maddie Mogen and Kaylee Goncalves.

On TikTok, the 21-year-old seniors looked like they were enjoying their final school year.

In the early morning of November 13, the two friends headed to a food truck. But their seemingly carefree existence would come to an abrupt end just hours later. Kaylee and Maddie were stabbed to death in the upstairs part of the house. A hundred miles away in northern Idaho, Kaylee's father Steve got the news.

Peter Van Sant : Steve, give us a sense of the shock of that moment.

Steve Goncalves : You just feel like you're getting crushed by a thousand pounds of weight.

Peter Van Sant : What do you want the world to know about your daughter, Kaylee?

Steve Goncalves : I want the world to know, they — they got robbed. Somebody stole from you.

Steve Goncalves says his daughter Kaylee would have made the world a better place. A general studies major, she was the middle child of five siblings. Goncalves says Kaylee was always up for a challenge.

Steve Goncalves : She grew up around two boys that were, you know, older than her. And uh, she didn't see any reason why she couldn't be as quick and fast and as good as those two boys were.

Peter Van Sant : What did she want to do with her life?

Steve Goncalves : Like most young people, it changed. She was gonna be a teacher. … But once she found out how long it was gonna take to pay back her student loans, she — she said, "Dad, you know, this thing that you do with computers seems to work pretty well."

She reportedly had a job lined up in Austin but made it clear that one day she hoped to settle down somewhere near her dearest friend Maddie Mogen. Maddie was a marketing major, and she and Kaylee had been inseparable since the sixth grade.

Steve Goncalves : I just felt like it was more of a sistership than it was a friendship ... And she was just one of our kids.

So, it perhaps did not come as a surprise when Steve revealed at a November memorial that Kaylee and Maddie died side-by-side.

STEVE GONCALVES (memorial service): They went to high school together. … They came here together. … And in the end, they died together. In the same room, in the same bed. It comforts us. It lets us know that they were with their best friends in the whole world.

It was a belief Maddie's stepfather, Scott Laramie, repeated to another packed memorial just days later.

SCOTT LARAMIE (memorial service): The two of 'em were a force to be reckoned with. They stuck together through everything.

Maddie had a boyfriend, Jake Schriger.

JAKE SCHRIGER (memorial service): She was the first person I talked to every morning and the last person I talked to before bed.

They had been together for more than a year. Schriger says Maddie had a talent for making people laugh.

JAKE SCHRIGER (memorial service): She was really funny. Her jokes really would come outta nowhere … And just be like, "Is that the — the cute little blonde girl that just said that?"

But Maddie and Kaylee weren't the only victims. While two other roommates were in their rooms and unharmed during the attacks, on the second floor, the killer made his way to the room of Xana Kernodle.

JAZZMIN KERNODLE (memorial service): She was my baby sister, but she was so much wiser.

Xana's sister, Jazzmin.

JAZZMIN KERNODLE (memorial service): She would always tell me she wouldn't know what to do without me. And now I have to live this life without her.

A 20-year-old junior majoring in marketing, Xana was known for being focused on her studies. So focused, she didn't make much time for dating.

JAZZMIN KERNODLE (memorial service): Xana never had a boyfriend before, and my dad and I wondered if she was ever gonna get one (laughs).

That was until she met Ethan Chapin.

JAZZMIN KERNODLE (memorial service): The way she would talk and smile about him was something I've never seen her do before.

Ethan was a 20-year-old majoring in recreation and tourism management. Jazzmin says Xana and Ethan began dating in the spring of 2022.

JAZZMIN KERNODLE (memorial service): They had something so special and everyone around them knew.

Especially anyone who followed the pair on Instagram. For Ethan's birthday, Xana posted photos of them with the caption: "Life is so much better with you in it, love you!" It would be her last Instagram post. Just two weeks later, the young couple was found stabbed to death in Xana's bedroom.

At the University of Idaho, the pain of this tragedy is felt at the root and extends hundreds of miles away to a tulip farm in Skagit Valley, Washington. It's where Ethan worked before heading to college. His boss, Andrew Miller.

Andrew Miller : So, Ethan started – it was in the spring of — of '21. … It was the best Tulip Festival.

Miller says the annual tulip festival attracts close to half-a-million visitors, and Ethan stood out in the crowd.

Andrew Miller : Well, he's a big guy wearin' a big smile, right? I think that's the part that I – that kinda struck me right away.

Ethan – a triplet – worked there with his siblings, Maizie and Hunter, and lived in a rented house on the farm with their parents. The Chapin triplets were incredibly close says Reese Gardner.

Reese Gardner : They were best friends. … If one did something, they all did something. … It was pretty cool to see.

Including attending the University of Idaho together.

Andrew Miller : And that was the funniest thing, it was like, of course it was a package deal. Like, all three of 'em were gonna go there.

Ariah Macagba : He was excited, I think, 'cause his siblings were going with him.

Ariah Macagba says Ethan's parents had decided to live in Idaho, too. Macagba says when she heard Ethan had been murdered, she couldn't believe it.

Ariah Macagba : I think the first thing I did was message Ethan. I was like, "Hey, you're OK, right? Like, this isn't real." (crying) And — obviously, he didn't respond.

Reese Gardner scoured the internet for information.

Reese Gardner : And I just couldn't stop reading articles and … I just wanted to know what happened, and I wanted to know why.

But in lieu of answers, Gardner turned to tulips. He had an idea: name one after Ethan.

Reese Gardner : I thought, "There's — there's no better way … to remember someone who had such a big part, a big role in those farms."

Andrew Miller : Cause Reese called me … And it was, "Hey, can this be done, and are you interested in doing it?" And I was, "Yes, and hell yes."

But creating a new tulip is a long process, so instead, Miller suggested a mix of tulips that would be a perfect tribute to Ethan: yellow and white.

Andrew Miller : Yellow, of course, because Go Vandals. University of Idaho, right? That's significant. And then white is — is an eternal color, right? And tulips come up in the spring. It is a symbol of — of hope.

With his parents' blessing, they named the mix of tulips, "Ethan's Smile."

Andrew Miller : So, this will be a nice yellow or white tulip here in about four months.

The trio planted thousands of bulbs in the state of Washington and sent a couple thousand more to the University of Idaho.

Andrew Miller : And it really is our hope that we'll be able to continue to plant and that anybody that wants to remember him will be able to have their own Ethan's — Ethan's Smile Garden. … It's a living legacy.

Now it is up to prosecutors to get justice for these young victims .

IN SEARCH OF ANSWERS

Forty-seven days after the murders of Kaylee Goncalves, Ethan Chapin, Madison Mogen, and Xana Kernodle, authorities apprehended the man they believed was responsible. We now know investigators had Bryan Kohberger in their sights early on but kept it close to the vest. So, in the early days, after the Nov. 13 murders, frustration swept over Moscow, Idaho.

James Gagliano : I think in this instance people were expecting a pretty quick arrest in this case, and it takes time.

Steve Goncalves, father of 21-year-old Kaylee, was trying as best he could to deal with news no one expects.

Steve Goncalves : Most things I'm prepared for. Most things as a dad, you can— you can handle. But somethin' like that, you just can't prepare for and you can't fix it.

Steve Goncalves : And, you know, just think if you do everything right, by the book, somethin' like this couldn't happen.

Peter Van Sant : Did you have any sense who might have done something like this?

Steve Goncalves : No … I didn't think anybody in her inner circles was — was capable of interacting and — and her doing something that could even deserve something like that.

As news spread of the murders, so did shock in the college community, which had not seen a homicide since 2015.

Matt Loveless : Parents drove hundreds of miles to pick up their kids to head home and stay home for the semester.

Matt Loveless is a journalism professor at nearby Washington State University.

Matt Loveless : At this point, we don't know if they're gonna come back for — the spring semester there on campus. And that same thing happened in both our communities.

James Gagliano: And, so, when parents send their kids off to school, for something to happen like this, I think it's a parent's worst nightmare

James Gagliano : And it's a place, Moscow, Idaho, where violent crime really is not an issue.

As police started their investigation, they traced the victims' final steps. The day before the murders seemed to start ordinarily. Kaylee Goncalves posted photos with her roommates and Ethan Chapin, to her Instagram account with the caption, "One lucky girl to be surrounded by these ppl everyday." That evening, Ethan and Xana attended a party at a fraternity house on campus. Kaylee and Madison were at a bar between 10 p.m. and 1:30 a.m. They were then seen at a local food vendor, the "Grub Truck." It is believed they all returned home by about 2 a.m. on Nov. 13.

James Gagliano : So, in examining the timeline , police know that the crime took place sometime in the early morning hours. There were also two other University of Idaho students who were inside the house when the murders took place.

It was later that morning that a call was made to 911 from one of the surviving roommate's phones to report an unconscious person. Police arrived at the house at 11:58 a.m.

James Gagliano : Police find the victims on the second and third floor of the house in bedrooms — a horrific and a very large-scale crime scene 'cause you're gonna be dealing with a number of different floors that need to be processed, the bedrooms where the crimes actually occurred, and then ingress and egress points. How did the — how did the alleged killer get inside the house? Through a front door? Through a window? Those are all things police will be looking at.

CHIEF JAMES FRY (to reporters): No weapon has been located at this time. There was no sign of forced entry into the residence.

On Nov. 16, three days after the murders, the Moscow Police held their first press conference.

CHIEF JAMES FRY (to reporters): We believe this was an isolated, targeted attack on our victims. We do not have a suspect at this time and that individual is still out there.

Coroner Cathy Mabbutt issued her report on Nov. 17.

Coroner Cathy Mabbutt: They were all murdered through stabbing with some kind of a, probably a larger knife…

She told police some of the four victims had defensive wounds, but none had signs of sexual assault. Police continued to work the case, aided by the Idaho State Police and the FBI.

James Gagliano : I just believe that the Moscow Police Department probably just didn't have a lot of experience in working a homicide, especially one as heinous as this one.

After about three weeks with no arrests, and what, to the public, appeared to be no real suspects, Steve Goncalves grew more concerned that authorities weren't doing enough and that the murders would turn into a cold case. So, he says, he started working with his own team to investigate the murders.

Steve Goncalves : So, we just thought, "This is the time. Let's get it out there, and let's not let it get cold. Let's get as many resources as— as possible."

Peter Van Sant : And did you have any sense whatsoever as to what a motive … might have been for these murders?

Steve Goncalves : Pretty girls and a handsome guy. I thought, you know, that might be somethin' to do with their, you know, stalking them in the sense of that.

Meanwhile, names of possible people of interest were trickling out — including members of the community and acquaintances of the victims. But they all seemed to be part of an unfounded rumor mill, many from online sleuths. Goncalves even had people come to him to prove they were not involved.

Steve Goncalves : We — had certain suspects take their shirts off in our kitchen to show if they had scratches. And we tried to do everything in — in our powers to make sure that if we thought somebody was ruled out, we truly — we truly felt like, you know, we — we looked at 'em.

Law enforcement would end up receiving thousands of tips, but the investigation, by outward appearances, seemed to be stalled. Nearly a month after the murders, on Dec. 7, police were seen packing up the victims' belongings to return to the families, who had lost so much. It was the police chief behind the wheel of the U-Haul truck. That same day, a plea was made to the public.

Police were interested in speaking with the occupant(s) of a white 2011-2013 Hyundai Elantra with an unknown license plate, spotted near the crime scene, around the time of the killings.

AMANDA ROLEY | KREM REPORTER: Today's update is the first descriptive tip that we have received in several days. Detectives now want to speak with anyone who was inside a white Hyundai Elantra that was near this home on King Road around Nov. 13th.

Police released photos of similar makes to the vehicle they were looking for.

CHIEF JAMES FRY (to reporters): We still believe there is more information to be gathered.

James Gagliano : Pushing that out to the media. Pushing that out to people on the internet. Pushing that out so that people can look for either a potential suspect, person of interest, or a potential vehicle. That goes a long way towards running down leads.

INSIDE THE INVESTIGATION

It turns out that about two weeks before the police asked the public to be on the lookout for a white Hyundai Elantra , they had already shared that information with surrounding law enforcement. And on Nov. 29, 2022, a white Elantra was located by Washington State University Police. The car was registered to Bryan Kohberger.

CBS News learned, that in mid-December, the Hyundai Elantra was tracked for several days by the FBI, using E-ZPass monitoring, fixed wing aircraft and ground support, as it was driven by Kohberger, along with his father, from Pullman, Washington, on that cross-country trip to the family's home in Pennsylvania.

On Dec. 15, the car was stopped twice in Indiana for those driving violations, by the Indiana State Police and the Hancock Sheriff's Office.

OFFICER: So, you're coming from Washington State University? MICHAEL KOHBERGER: Yeah. BRYAN KOHBERGER: Yup OFFICER: And you're going where? MICHAEL KOHBERGER: We're gonna be going to Pennsylvania.

Both agencies said at the time of the stops, "there was no information available on a suspect for the crime in Idaho, to include identifying information or any specific information related to the license plate state or number of the white Hyundai Elantra …"

Police did not ticket Kohberger; they gave a verbal warning and the trip continued home. And then, Kohberger's holiday came to an abrupt halt .

CBS NEWS REPORT: A suspect is under arrest for the quadruple murder of four Idaho college students.

On Dec. 30, 2022, police made that announcement that Bryan Kohberger was under arrest for the murders. He was arrested at his family's home in Albrightsville, Pa., at 3 a.m., with approximately 50 law enforcement officers on the scene.

MAJ. CHRISTOPHER PARIS | PENNSYLVANIA STATE POLICE: There were multiple windows that were broken I believe to gain access, as well as multiple doors.

Authorities believe Bryan Kohberger acted alone.

Jason LaBar : Bryan was very shocked by his arrest. … Bryan did not know why they were there, but he was aware of the case in Idaho.

Monroe County public defender Jason LaBar represented Kohberger in Pennsylvania as he was awaiting extradition to Idaho.

Jason LaBar : Bryan indicated to me that he was eager to be exonerated — that he was willing to go back to Idaho.

On Jan. 3, at a hearing in Pennsylvania, Kohberger signed his waiver of extradition. And on Jan. 4, was flown to Idaho, where he is in jail, charged with the four murders.

On Jan. 5, Kohberger appeared in court in Moscow with his new public defender to hear the charges read against him. He has yet to enter a plea.

JUDGE MEGAN MARSHALL: The maximum penalty for this offense if you were to plead guilty or be found guilty is death or imprisonment for life. Do you understand?

BRYAN KOHBERGER: Yes.

That same day, that affidavit was released that laid out startling new details about the murder investigation. According to the affidavit, one of the surviving roommates actually saw the murderer and stood in a "frozen shock phase." She is referred to as DM in the affidavit, and told police that earlier, she heard a female voice say, 'something to the effect of "there's someone here." And later, a male voice say, "something to the effect of "it's ok, I'm going to help you." Later she opened her door "… after she heard crying and saw a figure clad in black clothing and a mask..." She described the figure as "5'10'… with bushy eyebrows."

The affidavit states that, according to DM, the male walked toward the back sliding door and DM locked herself in her room. It was later in the morning when that call was made to 911 from one of the surviving roommate's phones, to report an unconscious person. It is unclear what occurred in the hours before police were called. It is believed the murders took place between 4 and 4:25 a.m. Police say they discovered, on the bed in Madison's room, a knife sheath with a Marine insignia.

James Gagliano : I would imagine that a — crime scene as — as grisly and ghastly as this one — that there would have been … DNA left by the perpetrator.

According to the affidavit, the knife sheath was processed and "the Idaho State Lab later located a single source of male DNA on the button snap." They were able to link it to DNA recovered from the trash at the Pennsylvania Kohberger family home.

It is not clear, what, if any, connection Kohberger had with the victims. However, the affidavit states that by using cellular phone data, police were able to place Kohberger's cell phone near the crime scene "on at least twelve occasions before November 13, 2022. All of those occasions, except for one, occurred in the late evening and early morning hours …"

Even with these new details, many question remain. A newly issued gag order prohibits officials and others involved in the case from speaking about the murders. Also, authorities have sealed a search warrant that was carried out at Kohberger's home in Pullman, Washington.

Jim Gagliano : This is one where you don't want a mistake. You don't want something to happen during this process that's going to give the alleged suspect an opportunity to beat the case.

Now, the case will work its way through the court system as parents, who lost their children, will be looking for answers.

Steve Goncalves : We find the truth, you know. You get the truth, and then that — that'll — that'll be everything.

IN REMEMBRANCE

You can see it in the stunned, silent faces of the kids. Faces that ask "why?" without even speaking.

Young eyes glisten, bathed in the glow of candlelight at a vigil held for the young lives lost. A ritual all too familiar across America. The flowers, the prayers, the vows to carry on. In Idaho, they hold on tight to each other and to the memories of those loved and lost.

EMILY (memorial service): Life is so unfair and unpredictable (crying).

For Xana Kernodle's friend Emily, the wound remains raw.

EMILY (memorial service): And it tears me apart knowing I can't hug her. (Crying) So hold those you love closer. Hug them a little tighter and tell 'em you love them. We'll find justice for you, Ethan, Maddie, and Kaylee. We love you all so much.

And for Ashlin, Maddie Mogen's memory is still vibrant.

ASHLIN (memorial service): You truly will live on forever -- not only in my heart, but in the heart of so many people that were impacted by your beautiful smile, your grace, your patience, your open heart, and your craziness.

Hunter Johnson remembers a pal he could rely on — Ethan Chapin.

HUNTER JOHNSON (memorial service): Ethan was always someone you could count on to make you smile and — cheer up your mood. … And I — feel so lucky to have shared so many great memories with him (emotional).

But those who are older perhaps sense that pain that runs this deep, never goes away. Kaylee's father, Steve Goncalves.

Steve Goncalves : You don't heal from somethin' like this. … it's never gonna happen. You're never gonna be healed. You're never gonna get through this. And when they die, part of you dies.

Steve Goncalves : We're tired of all these types of crimes. We're tired of all this stuff. And — we can rally around these terrible tragedies, and … We're hopin' that as a society we come back stronger. And we — we decide to not let this be accepted anymore, you know. That's what I hope for.

Bryan Kohberger's next court appearance is scheduled for Jan. 12.

He will have a chance to enter a plea at a later date.

Bryan Kohberger

"48 Hours" correspondent Peter Van Sant first joined CBS News in 1984.

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Watch the Dateline episode "Killings in a College Town" now
Watch the Dateline episode "Killings in a College Town" about the murders of four University of Idaho students in Moscow, Idaho: Maddie Mogen, Kaylee Goncalves, Xana Kernodle and Ethan Chapin.
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Bryan Kohberger: Never-before-seen photos and details about the man
Bryan Kohberger, right, who is accused of killing four University of Idaho students in November 2022, appears at a hearing in Latah County District Court, Thursday, Jan. 5, 2023, in Moscow, Idaho.