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• Unemployment Speech

Long and Short Speeches on Unemployment

Any individual who is deprived of earning a living and faces difficulty in getting a paid job is known as unemployed and the condition is termed as unemployment. With India being a highly populated country, unemployment has always been a major problem in our country. And this problem has been increasing at a major rate.

Here, we have provided a long speech as well as a short unemployment speech in English for the students of all categories. Students can easily refer to our speech on unemployment for any exam preparation and can also gather information on this topic to prepare their own speech.

There is also a 10 Lines Speech provided by us especially for the students of Class 1 and Class 2.

Long Speech on Unemployment

This long speech on unemployment has been provided as a reference for the students of Class 7 To Class 12 for their exam preparation. 

Warm greetings to everyone! I firstly appreciate everyone who has gathered here to discuss the problem of unemployment. I am thankful enough for providing me with an opportunity to deliver a speech on unemployment.

Unemployment has become a major concern among the people of India today. With the increasing population, the job sectors fail to provide a full-time job to all the people. This, as a result, has increased the rate of unemployment in our country. Thus, unemployment can be defined as the condition where an individual is deprived of a paid job or self-employment and is unable to find a suitable job for employment. 

The fear of unemployment has caused a level of depression and mental stress on the youth today. In spite of getting a degree and having the highest qualifications, they still have to go through the process of unemployment. Many individuals, being the sole bread earner of the family, struggle day and night to earn a living. Unemployment not only refers to being jobless, but it also refers to the state where an individual is being underpaid as per their experience and qualifications. Several individuals are unsatisfied with the jobs they are in and are sticking to their jobs due to unemployment problems. 

Implementation of various government programs to improve the practical skills of the students must be done in every school and college. Although the government of India has introduced several employment schemes to offer jobs to the unemployed, many more steps must be taken to reduce the unemployment rate in our country. People must be made aware of self-employment and proper fundings for these government programs and projects must be implemented by the government.

Lastly, I would like to thank all of you for your patience and for coming here to discuss this issue. 

Short Speech on Unemployment in English

Given below is a short unemployment speech in English for the students of Class 3 to Class 6. 

Greetings everyone! Today I am here to deliver a speech on the topic of unemployment.

With the fast-growing industries and economic system, our country India still lags behind in the field of employment. In spite of having a higher degree and qualification, many people have to suffer through the process of unemployment. The main reason behind this major issue is the growing population and demand for a full-time job. Many citizens of the country are still deprived of paid jobs and are struggling to earn a living. This has also eventually led to mental pressures and depression among the youth. Although there has been an increase in the literacy rate of the people that has also increased the demand for new jobs. 

It is high time that the government should take up initiatives to provide employment to the people. There are several government programs and schemes that have been introduced by the Prime Minister to help the unemployed to get a paid job. New training programs should be introduced in schools and colleges for the better development of the students. People should be made familiar with the self-employment scheme and initiatives must be implemented by the government for funding these programs.

Lastly, I would like to end my speech by saying that unemployment has become a major problem in India today and necessary steps must be taken to reduce the unemployment rate. 

10 Lines Speech on Unemployment

Here is a 2-minute long speech on unemployment for the students of Class 1 and Class 2.

Good morning everyone! Today I am here to deliver a speech on unemployment.

Unemployment is a serious problem faced by many people in our country.

The increasing population and higher demands for jobs give rise to unemployment.

India being a populated country faces a higher unemployment rate due to limited job sectors.

There are several people who do not have a paid job and are surviving unemployment.

Unemployment also counts those individuals who are being underpaid in their jobs and are working outside their area of interest.

Even people having higher degrees and qualifications have to go through the process of unemployment.

This causes a high level of mental pressure and depression to the individuals as they struggle day and night to earn a living.

Due to slow economic growth and small job sectors, this problem has given rise to many unemployed people.

Lastly, I would like to say that unemployment is becoming a major concern of the youth of our country and if not solved in time, it will also bring down the economic rate of our country.

FAQs on Unemployment Speech

1. How can you include initiatives taken by the government to curb unemployment in your speech?

This problem is taken very seriously by the government, and a number of schemes are being implemented to reduce unemployment. Among these schemes are IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Programme), DPAP (Drought Prone Area Programme), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Training for self-employment, PMIUPEP (Prime Minister's Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Program), employment exchange, Employment Guarantee Scheme, development of organized sector, small and cottage industries, employment in forging countries, and others.

2. What are the reasons for unemployment that I can include in my unemployment speech?

There are numerous reasons for a large section of the population of our country to be facing the problem of unemployment. Some of these reasons are population growth, slow economic growth, seasonal occupations, slow economic growth and a decrease in the cost of living in our country. Additionally, the large population of the country adds to the unemployment problem in India. The country's population demands a huge number of jobs and occupations every year, which the government is unable to supply.

3. What are the types of unemployment?

All of us today are aware of what unemployment is. However, it does not just mean that any person is unemployed. Likewise, unemployment also refers to people working in areas that are outside of their expertise or mastery. Some of the various types of unemployment include disguised unemployment, seasonal unemployment, open unemployment, technological unemployment, and structural unemployment. Other types of unemployment include cyclical unemployment, educated but unemployed, underemployment, frictional unemployment, chronic unemployment and casual unemployment. Presently, in India, among the most prevalent types of unemployment are seasonal unemployment, underemployment, and disguised unemployment.

4. What type of unemployment can be found in developed countries?

Mostly in developed countries, cyclical and frictional unemployment exist. The period of cyclical unemployment is the period in which the unemployment rate rises and falls according to cycles of economic ups and downs. It is vital to minimize cyclical unemployment during recessions. In an economy, frictional unemployment arises from voluntary job transitions. Frictional unemployment is a fact of life, even in a growing, stable economy.  The frictional unemployment that occurs when workers leave their current jobs in search of new jobs and when workers enter the workforce for the first time does not include those workers who remain in their current job until they find a new one, since they are never unemployed.

5. How to define different types of unemployment in india?

Open or Structural Unemployment- The phenomenon of open or structural unemployment occurs when a number of people desire to work but are unable to find jobs for themselves. It is a result of a growing population and people migrating to larger cities.

Disguised Unemployment - Under this type of unemployment, people seem employed, yet their productivity is zero and they do not receive any assistance to increase their output.

Seasonal Unemployment - During some seasons in India, farming is not practiced year-round, which results in farmers being jobless for a few months. Seasonal unemployment is also observed in the sugarcane industry, cold drinks industry, and crackers industry.

Speech on Unemployment | The Human Cost of Joblessness | Short and Long | 100, 150, 200, 300 & 500 + Words

The rising unemployment rates and feeling helpless in finding a solution has become a tradition. In this speech on unemployment, we will dive into the root causes of this issue, explore potential solutions, and discover ways that each and every one of us can contribute to reducing joblessness in our communities.

Speech on Unemployment – 100 Words (Approximately 1 Minute Speech)

Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, today I stand before you to talk and shed light on a pressing issue that affects countless lives: unemployment. Unemployment occurs when people are without jobs and actively seeking work. It brings a number of challenges, from financial struggles to low self-esteem. It makes life tough for them and their families. When people don’t have jobs, they can’t buy things or have fun. I would like to state that tough time comes in everyone’s life. It’s important to stay positive and believe in ourselves. We can learn new skills, or ask for help from others in their work. Remember, hard work and determination can lead to success. Let’s support one another and never give up. Together, let’s build a future where every individual has the opportunity to thrive and contribute meaningfully to society. Thank you. Thank again you for listening patiently.

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Speech on Unemployment for Students – 150 Words (Approximately 1. 25 Minutes Speech)

Distinguished teachers , esteemed principal, beloved fellow students, and honoured school authorities, I stand before you today with great enthusiasm to discuss a matter that affects not only adults but also young people, Unemployment. It is a well-known fact that unemployment is one of the major problems of the present time. It is prevalent all over the world. The situation is even more alarming when we talk about educated youth who are unable to find suitable jobs. Despite having the required qualifications, they are jobless. The problem of unemployment has led to a lot of social problems like an increase in the crime rate, a deteriorating law and order situation, and a rise in the number of beggars on the streets. Unemployment has also resulted in a brain drain. Talented youngsters are forced to leave the country in search of better opportunities. In such a scenario, it is important for students to be aware of the causes of unemployment and its effects on society. People should also be familiar with government schemes and initiatives that are aimed at providing employment to educated youth. By being informed about these things, students can play a role in solving the problem of unemployment in our country. Thank you for listening and let us all make a positive difference in the world!

Speech on Unemployment for Students – 200 Words (Approximately 1.5 Minutes Speech)

Respected teachers , esteemed principals, beloved fellow students, and honoured school authorities, with utmost delight and gratitude, I humbly stand before this esteemed gathering today to speak on a big problem that affects many people and our society – unemployment. Unemployment is a big problem that affects everyone, including students like us. It means that people who want to work can’t find a job. we should know why it happens. Some reasons are when the economy is not doing well, When new technology takes away jobs, or when people don’t have enough education or training. We can also talk about what we can do to solve this problem. For example, as students, we can think creatively and suggest some new ideas instead of wasting time on mobile reels. Another thing we can do is to train uneducated people by finding some additional time. We need to do research and understand the topic well. By talking about the causes and possible solutions, we can raise awareness and encourage action to help people who are unemployed. It is really a big problem. Some people are affected more than others because of their background or where they live. So it is each one’s responsibility to think and suggest. I hope my words are able to change your mindset and transform the world.

Speech on Unemployment for Students – 300 Words (Approximately 2 minutes Speech)

Good morning/afternoon/evening, respected teachers and my dear friends, Today, I stand before you to shed light on a pressing issue that affects people of all ages. And has a significant impact on our society – unemployment Unemployment is a growing concern among students today. With the ever-increasing competition in the job market, it has become a challenge for fresh graduates to secure employment immediately after graduation. It is very important for students to understand how serious this problem of unemployment is and to try their best to find solutions for it. Education and skill development play crucial roles in reducing unemployment rates. Students need to be encouraged to pursue courses that are relevant and equip them with skills that are in demand. Government initiatives such as job creation schemes and entrepreneurship programs can also help alleviate this issue As students, we must actively participate in such programs or even initiate them. Ultimately, addressing unemployment requires collective efforts from all – individuals, educational institutions, government bodies, employers, etc. Working together can create more opportunities and foster economic growth. Moreover, we must adapt ourselves to the changing job market trends by learning new technologies. Being open-minded towards unconventional career paths. By doing so, we can create more job opportunities for ourselves and others. Besides the economic effects, unemployment can also have an impact on mental health. It can make people feel more stressed and hopeless when they are trying hard to manage their expenses. Students need to understand how they can contribute to shaping our economy’s future. They can start by exploring opportunities like internships or volunteering, which not only enhance their resumes but also provide valuable skills required in today’s job market. In conclusion, let’s work towards becoming versatile individuals with a variety of skills that will make us valuable in any job, rather than just focusing on basic qualifications.

Long Speech on Unemployment for Students (Approximately 6 minutes Speech)

Distinguished faculty members, esteemed guests, and my fellow students, Good [morning/afternoon/evening]! It is with immense pleasure and gratitude that I stand before you today to address a critical issue that affects individuals, families, and societies worldwide: unemployment. It is a pressing concern that demands our immediate attention and concerted efforts.

Introduction

Unemployment is a problem that affects millions of people worldwide, Regardless of age, gender or education level. It’s a frustrating experience for anyone who has to go through it. With the current state of the world economy, unemployment rates are on the rise in many countries. Students graduating from universities are finding it harder than ever to secure employment in their field of study.

The current state of unemployment

Based on a 48-hour work week, the International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that 8.8% of the global working hours will be lost by 2025, equivalent to the number of hours worked in one year by 255 million full-time workers. A quarter of those jobs were lost due to reduced hours of those who remained employed, while the other half were lost due to the elimination of those jobs. Had the pandemic not occurred, the economy would have created approximately 30 million new jobs. By the close of 2021, most high-income countries had seen employment numbers reach pre-crisis levels or surpass them. Unfortunately, this upward trend was not shared with many low and middle-income countries. According to an ILO report, global labour income rose by 0.9 percent last year, primarily due to strength in high-income countries and China; however, five out of every three workers still resided in nations where labour incomes had yet to make up for the crisis. As the world had begun to progress, the Russian incursion into Ukraine and high inflation rates around the world in the last year hindered that advancement. The ILO has predicted that during the third quarter of 2022, hours worked worldwide will have dropped 1.5% from pre-Covid levels equating to 40 million lost full-time positions for that period. Moreover, by looking over all yearly data once it has been compiled and analyzed, there is expected to be an overall decrease in global employment growth compared to 2021. Disappointingly, 2023 looks like it won’t hold brighter prospects either; as per the “World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2023” report by the ILO, global work growth is only estimated at 1.0%, significantly less than the previous year.

Moving ahead I will share 5 most alarming impacts of unemployment

The first one includes Economic Consequences. Unemployment has significant effects on the economy. When people don’t have jobs, they can’t earn money to support themselves and their families. This leads to reduced spending on goods and services, which in turn affects businesses and slows down economic growth. Secondly, there are Social Challenges. Unemployment brings forth various social challenges. It can lead to an increase in crime rates as people may resort to illegal activities out of desperation. Moreover, the overall law and order situation can deteriorate, affecting the safety and well-being of communities. Unemployment can also contribute to a rise in the number of individuals resorting to begging to meet their basic needs. Thirdly there are Personal and Psychological Impacts. Being unemployed can have a profound personal and psychological impact on individuals. It can erode their self-confidence and self-esteem, leading to feelings of worthlessness and despair. The financial stress and uncertainty that come with unemployment can strain relationships and cause mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. Fourthly Brain Drain and Talent Loss is the other dire impact of Unemployment. It can result in a phenomenon known as “brain drain.” Talented and educated individuals may choose to leave their home countries in search of better employment opportunities elsewhere. This talent loss can have long-term negative consequences for a nation’s growth and development. It hampers innovation and reduces the pool of skilled professionals available to contribute to various industries. Fifth is a strain on Government and Social Services- When unemployment rates are high, governments face increased pressure to provide assistance to those without jobs. Unemployment benefits and social welfare programs come under strain, as the number of recipients rises. This places a burden on public finances and may require adjustments in budget allocations, potentially affecting other areas such as education and healthcare.

Let’s move towards the causes of unemployment

There are various reasons that lead to unemployment. Some of the major causes of unemployment are: –

Lack of education and skills: One of the major causes of unemployment is lack of education and required skills. In today’s fast-paced world, employers are looking for candidates who have the right mix of qualifications and skills. Unfortunately, many job seekers do not have the necessary education or skills required for the jobs they are applying for. This mismatch between job seekers and employers leads to high levels of unemployment.

Structural changes in the economy: Another important cause of unemployment is structural changes in the economy. Structural changes refer to changes in the overall structure of an economy, such as shifts from agriculture to manufacturing or from manufacturing to service industries. These types of changes can lead to large numbers of workers becoming unemployed because their skills are no longer in demand.

Recession: A recession is a period of economic decline during which employment levels usually fall as well. Recessions can be caused by a variety of factors, such as a decrease in consumer spending, an increase in interest rates, or a stock market crash. During a recession, businesses often cut back on production and hiring, which can lead to widespread unemployment.

Technology: Technology has also played a role in causing unemployment. As technology advances, certain jobs become obsolete as machines and computers can do them more efficiently. For example, automated teller machines (ATMs) have replaced bank

If we all tighten our belts we can combat this issue collectively. There are multiple solutions to unemployment.

Enhance Skills Training: Invest in vocational training and skill development programs to bridge the gap between job requirements and individuals’ abilities.

Foster Public-Private Partnerships: Collaborate between government, private sector, and non-profit organizations for initiatives like job fairs and subsidized employment schemes.

Support Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Provide incentives, streamlined regulations, and access to capital to stimulate job creation by SMEs.

Encourage Investment and Economic Growth: Implement business-friendly policies, reduce bureaucracy, and maintain a stable economic climate to attract investment and spur job creation.

Embrace Technological Advancements: Adapt education and training to equip individuals with digital skills for jobs in emerging fields like AI and renewable energy.

Strengthen Social Safety Nets: Provide temporary support through unemployment benefits and active labour market policies for retraining and job assistance.

Promote Sustainable Development: Invest in green sectors such as renewable energy and sustainable agriculture to generate employment while addressing environmental challenges.

Unemployment is a serious issue that affects individuals and society as a whole. It creates financial instability for families and can lead to increased crime rates and social unrest. The causes of unemployment are complex, ranging from economic downturns to technological advancements. However, there are solutions available to combat this problem. Governments can implement policies that promote job creation and provide training programs for those who need new skills in emerging industries. Businesses can also play their part by investing in research and development to create new jobs. As students, it’s essential to be aware of the impact that unemployment has on our lives and communities. We must strive towards acquiring skills that make us competitive in the job market while advocating for policies that prioritize employment opportunities. Let us all work together towards building an inclusive economy where everyone has access to decent work opportunities!

1.Why doesn’t PM Narendra Modi talk about unemployment in any speech? It is possible that PM Modi may choose not to address the topic of unemployment in certain speeches for various reasons. These reasons could include focusing on other aspects of governance, prioritizing different issues, or delivering speeches that align with specific objectives or themes.

2. Why didn’t Modi speak about the unemployment issue at the Independence Day 2020 speech? Modi did not address the unemployment issue during the Independence Day 2020 speech due to a variety of reasons, such as time constraints, focusing on other priorities, or addressing different topics deemed more significant.

3. Why does Modi & his administration keep ignoring the declining manufacturing jobs in India? It is possible that Modi and his administration have their own reasons for the way they approach the issue of declining manufacturing jobs in India. These reasons could include focusing on other sectors of the economy, implementing different strategies to address unemployment, or having priorities that are influenced by various factors.

4. Why does Mr Modi not seem worried about massive unemployment in India? He seems more interested in taking selfies and giving useless speeches about useless things. When it comes to Mr Modi’s perspective on unemployment in India, it is possible that Mr Modi has his own reasons for the way he prioritizes his actions and speeches. These reasons could include addressing a wide range of issues, focusing on long-term strategies for economic growth, or aiming to inspire and engage the public through various means.

5. Can students on OPT apply for unemployment? students on Optional Practical Training (OPT) in the United States may be eligible to apply for unemployment benefits under certain circumstances. The eligibility criteria and specific regulations surrounding this issue can vary, so it’s recommended for students to consult with the relevant authorities, such as the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and the state’s unemployment agency, to get accurate and up-to-date information regarding their specific situation

6. Can college students apply for unemployment? college students may be eligible to apply for unemployment benefits under certain circumstances. Eligibility criteria can vary depending on factors such as the student’s location, employment history, and local regulations. It is advisable for college students to check with the relevant authorities or their state’s unemployment agency to get accurate information about their specific situation and the requirements for applying for unemployment benefits.

Related Posts

Unemployment Essay

500+ words essay on unemployment.

Unemployment is a serious problem among young people. There are thousands of people who do not have any work to do and cannot find work for themselves. Unemployment refers to the situation where a person wants to work but cannot find employment in the labour market. One of the major reasons that contribute to unemployment is the large population of India and the limited availability of resources. In this essay on unemployment, we will discuss all these issues responsible for unemployment in India and how we can overcome this problem. Students must go through this unemployment essay to get ideas on how to write an effective essay on the topic related to unemployment. Also, they can practice more CBSE essays on different topics to boost their writing skills.

Unemployment is measured by the unemployment rate, defined as the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. The unemployment rate for the year 2013-14 in rural India was 4.7%, whereas it was 5.5% for urban India. In the short term, unemployment significantly reduces a person’s income and, in the long term, it reduces their ability to save for retirement and other goals. Unemployment is a loss of valuable productive resources to the economy. The impact of job loss in rural and regional areas flows through the local community, damaging businesses.

Reason for Unemployment

An unemployed person is one who is an active member of the labour force and is seeking work but is unable to find any work for himself. There are multiple reasons behind the unemployment of a person. One of them is the slow economic growth, due to which jobs in adequate numbers are not created. Excessive dependence on agriculture and slow growth of non-farm activities also limit employment generation. Unemployment in urban areas is mainly the result of substantial rural migration to urban areas. This has also resulted in a labour workforce in cities. The lack of technology and proper machinery has also contributed to unemployment.

The present educational system is based on theoretical knowledge instead of practical work. Thus, it lacks the development of aptitude and technical qualifications required for various types of work among job seekers. This has created a mismatch between the need and availability of relevant skills and training. This results in unemployment, especially among the youth and educated people with high degrees and qualifications. Apart from it, the lack of investment and infrastructure has led to inadequate employment opportunities in different sectors.

Steps to Eliminate Unemployment

Various strategies and proposals have been implemented to generate employment. Many Employment programmes and policies have been introduced and undertaken to boost self-employment and help unemployed people engage in public works. The Government of India has taken several policy measures to fight the problem of unemployment. Some of the measures are the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), National Skill Development Mission, Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY), Regional Rural Banks (RRBs).

Despite the measures taken by the government, India remains a country experiencing severe unemployment problems. It can be resolved by imparting education in such a way that youth get the necessary skills so as to get employment easily. Setting up various vocational training and vocational courses for undergraduate and postgraduate students will help in finding employment for youth. The government needs to emphasise these courses at the primary level and make them a compulsory part of the curriculum to make students proficient in their early stages of life. Career counselling should be provided within schools and colleges so that students can choose a better career option based on their interests and ability. Government should create more job opportunities for the youth and graduates.

India is a fast-growing economy. There is an enormous scope for improvement in the unemployment sector. The various measures and steps taken by the government to increase the employment rate have succeeded to a great extent. The widespread skill development programmes have gained popularity across the nation. With better enforcement of the strategies, the employment level can be significantly improved. Although, we have to go a long way before we can say that all the people in India will get employment.

We hope this essay on unemployment must have helped students in boosting their essay-writing skills. Keep learning and visiting the BYJU’S website for more study material.

Frequently Asked Questions on Unemployment Essay

Is unemployment still an existing problem in india.

Yes, unemployment is still a serious issue in our country. Steps need to be taken by the government and also by the youngsters in India to improve this situation.

Is it necessary for schoolchildren to be informed about unemployment?

Students at this young age should definitely be informed about this topic as it will motivate them to study and aim for higher scores in exams.

What points are to be added to an essay topic on Unemployment?

Add details about different age groups of people suffering from this state of employment. You can focus on the fact that poverty is an indirect reason for unemployment and vice-versa. Then, suggest steps that can be taken to bring about an improvement in education and increase the percentage of literacy.

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Essay on Unemployment: 100 to 300 Words

• Updated on  
• Mar 30, 2024

Writing an essay on unemployment provides an opportunity to explore a critical issue affecting societies worldwide. Unemployment, a multifaceted problem, has far-reaching consequences that touch upon various aspects of individuals, families, and nations. In this essay, we will delve into the complexities of unemployment, examine its causes and consequences, discuss government initiatives, and shed light on potential solutions.

Table of Contents

• 1 What is Unemployment?
• 2 Essay on Unemployment in 100 words
• 3 Essay on Unemployment in 200 words
• 4 Essay on Unemployment in 300 words
• 5 Tips to Ace in Writing An Essay

Must Read: The Beginner’s Guide to Writing an Essay

What is Unemployment?

Lack of jobs leads to unemployment. It is a very serious economic and social concern that is happening all around the globe leading to many social ills. This issue is a major one and hence many governments are trying to address it. When people of a nation are employed, that leads to the economic and social well-being of that nation. To address it, the education system needs to be modeled differently so as to increase the employability of people. In democracies, political parties use unemployment as a core issue in their election manifestos.

Essay on Unemployment in 100 words

Unemployment refers to the condition when individuals, capable and willing to work, are unable to secure gainful employment. It is a pervasive issue across the globe, with varying degrees of impact on societies. Unemployment results in financial instability, and emotional distress, and hampers individual growth. Governments and organizations must collaborate to create opportunities for employment through skill development and policy implementation.

Essay on Unemployment in 200 words

Unemployment, a pressing concern globally, stems from multiple factors that hinder the workforce’s engagement in productive activities. It affects both developed and developing nations, contributing to economic imbalances and social disparities. The consequences of unemployment include reduced income levels, increased poverty rates, and strained government resources. Moreover, the psychological toll it takes on individuals and families can be severe, leading to stress, depression, and strained relationships.

Essay on Unemployment in 300 words

The intricate web of unemployment is spun from a mix of causes, ranging from economic fluctuations to structural shifts in industries. Cyclical unemployment, driven by economic downturns, and structural unemployment, resulting from a mismatch between skills and job openings, are widespread forms. Additionally, technological advancements lead to technological unemployment as machines replace human labour.

Unemployment has cascading effects on societies. Diminished purchasing power affects market demand, thereby impacting economic growth. As unemployment rates rise, so does the burden on social welfare programs and the healthcare system. The phenomenon also fuels social unrest and political instability, making it a challenge governments cannot ignore.

Governments worldwide have initiated strategies to tackle unemployment. Skill development programs, vocational training, and entrepreneurship initiatives are designed to equip individuals with market-relevant skills. Furthermore, promoting labour-intensive industries and investing in sectors with growth potential can generate employment opportunities.

In conclusion, unemployment is a complex issue that necessitates a multi-pronged approach. Governments, industries, and individuals must collaborate to alleviate its impact. Effective policy implementation, education reforms, and the cultivation of entrepreneurial spirit can pave the way towards reducing unemployment rates and fostering a more stable and prosperous society.

Tips to Ace in Writing An Essay

Before we dive into the specifics of unemployment, let’s briefly discuss some tips to enhance your essay-writing skills:

• Understand the Prompt: Ensure a clear understanding of the essay prompt to address all its components effectively.
• Research Thoroughly: Gather relevant information from credible sources to build a comprehensive and informed essay.
• Organize Your Thoughts: Create an outline to structure your essay logically, allowing your ideas to flow coherently.
• Introduction and Conclusion: Craft a compelling introduction to engage your readers, and a succinct conclusion to summarize your key points.
• Use Clear Language: Express your ideas using clear and concise language, avoiding jargon or overly complex vocabulary.
• Provide Examples: Illustrate your points with real-life examples to enhance understanding and credibility.
• Edit and Proofread: Revise your essay for grammar, punctuation, and coherence to ensure a polished final draft.

Also Read: Unemployment v/s Underemployment – What’s Worse?

Related Reads:-     

Unemployment refers to the state in which individuals who are willing and able to work are without gainful employment opportunities. It is a condition where individuals seek jobs but are unable to secure them, leading to financial instability and societal challenges.

Unemployment, as discussed in the essay, is a multifaceted issue encompassing the lack of employment opportunities for willing and capable individuals. It explores various forms of unemployment, its causes, far-reaching consequences on economies and societies, and the role of governments in implementing solutions to mitigate its impact.

Unemployment is the term used to describe the situation where individuals of working age are actively seeking employment but are unable to find suitable job opportunities. It signifies a gap between the available workforce and available jobs, often leading to economic and social challenges within a society.

Unemployment emerges as a prominent thread, influencing economic, social, and psychological realms. As we’ve explored in this essay, comprehending the causes and consequences of unemployment is pivotal in devising solutions. Governments, institutions, and individuals must strive collectively to unravel this issue’s complexities and weave a fabric of employment opportunities, stability, and progress. We hope that this essay blog on Unemployment helps. For more amazing daily reads related to essay writing , stay tuned with Leverage Edu .

Manasvi Kotwal

Manasvi's flair in writing abilities is derived from her past experience of working with bootstrap start-ups, Advertisement and PR agencies as well as freelancing. She's currently working as a Content Marketing Associate at Leverage Edu to be a part of its thriving ecosystem.

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Unemployment Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on unemployment.

Unemployment is a very serious issue not only in India but in the whole world. There are hundreds and thousands of people out there who do not have employment . Besides, the problems of unemployment are very severe in India because of the growing population and demand for jobs. Moreover, if we neglect this problem then it will be going to become the reason for the doom of the nation.

What is Unemployment?

Unemployment refers to a situation in which a skilled and talented people wanted to do a job. But cannot find a proper job due to several reasons.

Types of Unemployment

Now we know what is unemployment but unemployment does not only mean that the person does not have a job. Likewise, unemployment also includes people working in areas out of their expertise.

The various types of unemployment include disguised unemployment, seasonal unemployment, open unemployment, technological unemployment, structural unemployment. Besides, some other unemployment is cyclic unemployment, educated unemployment, underemployment, frictional unemployment, chronic unemployment, and casual unemployment.

Above all, seasonal unemployment, under unemployment, and disguised unemployment are the most common unemployment that is found in India.

Reasons for Unemployment

In a country like India, there is much reason for a large section of the population for being unemployed. Some of these factors are population growth, slow economic growth , seasonal occupation, slow growth of the economic sector, and fall in the cottage industry.

Moreover, these are the major reason for unemployment in India. Also, the situation has become so drastic that highly educated people are ready to do the job of a sweeper. Besides, the government is not doing his work seriously.

Apart from all these, a large portion of the population is engaged in the agricultural sector and the sector only provides employment in harvest or plantation time.

In addition, the biggest reason of unemployment in India is its vast population which demands a large number of jobs every year which the government and authorities are unable to provide.

Consequences of Unemployment

If things will go on like the current scenario then unemployment will become a major issue. Apart from this, the following things happen in an economy which is an increase in poverty, an increase in crime rate, exploitation of labor, political instability, mental health, and loss of skills. As a result, all this will eventually lead to the demise of the nation.

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Initiative by Government

The government has taken the problem very seriously and have taken measures to slowly reduce unemployment. Some of these schemes includes IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Programme), DPAP (Drought Prone Area Programme), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Employment Assurance Scheme, NRY (Nehru Rozgar Yojana), Training for self-Employment, PMIUPEP (Prime Minister’s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Program), employment exchange, Employment Guarantee Scheme, development of organized sector, small and cottage industries, employment in forging countries, and Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana and few more.

Besides, these schemes the government also make some rules flexible, so that employment can be created in the private sector also.

To conclude, we can say that the problem of unemployment in India has reached a critical stage. But, now the government and local authorities have taken the problem seriously and working on it to reduce unemployment. Also, to completely solve the issue of unemployment we have to tackle the main issue of unemployment that is the vast population of India.

FAQs about Unemployment

Q.1 Why there is a problem of unemployment in India? A.1 Due to overpopulation and lack of proper skills there is a problem of unemployment in India.

Q.2 Define Disguised unemployment? A.2 Disguised unemployment refers to a form of employment in which more than the required numbers of people work in industry or factory. And removing some employee will not affect productivity.

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Speech on Unemployment

Unemployment is one of the serious problems that India faces today. Governments after governments have done their bit, but still, the number of youth is unemployed. To understand the problem and the factors leading to it as well as its solutions; I have given below three speeches on unemployment for my readers.

Short and Long Speech on Unemployment

Good afternoon everyone. Respected Principal Sir, teachers, and my very dear friends. I am here to give a speech on unemployment.

We all know how big a problem is unemployment. It severely hampers the growth of the nation and generates various social problems. It is well known that being the world’s second-most populous country, India has alarming unemployment statistics.

If we look a little back, we would know that unemployment wasn’t an alarming issue around five decades back as it is today. Tremendous population growth since then is to be blamed for unemployment today.

Having said that I must say that two things need to be implemented on war footings to counter unemployment. Firstly, there should be an effective family planning policy to control any further rise in population. Secondly, the government should start thinking about providing a means of income generation rather than traditional employment.

I am happy that the Government of India has introduced schemes like Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP), which provides financial and technical aid to the rural population for generating their own source of income.

It is only in these schemes and their effective implementation that India’s answer to unemployment lies. Thank You!

Good morning dear friends! A very warm welcome to our Principal Sir, teachers, and respected guests. I am here to give a speech on unemployment.

As you all know that unemployment is a burning issue these days. It is very common to see political parties blaming each other for the present unemployment status in the country. But, I would only say that it is very easy to put blame on others and very difficult to find solutions. My appeal to all the political parties whether in power or in opposition is that we should overcome the differences and must find a solution for the unemployment, together, for it is damaging the growth of the nation, more than anything else.

Let’s talk about some statics to let you know how severe the situation is. The unemployment data is collected every five years by the Ministry of Employment and labor. Around 31 million Indians are jobless. Also around 393 million work in poor conditions with no job security at all.

With these statistics, it is easy to assess the problems India faces in the form of unemployment. Few are employed and many even face the danger of losing their job.

This puts tremendous pressure on the government to generate employment. But, the already over-employed government and private sectors provide less hope. So what should the government do? The solution lies in opening up and expanding the venues of self-employment.

Rather than generating jobs, the government must concentrate on giving a regular source of income to the unemployed. This may come in the form of loans handed out for opening a shop or small trades like handicrafts, honey farming, and several other similar industries.

People must be provided financial aid and necessary training in their respective trades of choice. I think this is the most feasible solution to tackle unemployment. Thank You!

Good Morning everyone! I am thankful to you all for giving your precious time for this assembly. I am grateful to Principal Sir and teachers for giving me this opportunity to address you all today.

I am here to give a speech on education and I hope that you will all enjoy it and also try to understand my views.

We all know how important is an education in our life and what role it plays in shaping our future. In fact, education not only shapes the future of an individual but also the future of the society as well. After all, society is nothing but a group of individuals, so the more educated they are, the better oriented and disciplined society will be.

Education, most importantly, the primary education, must be provided to every child. Because, I believe that a childhood without education will lead to a life of poverty, misery, and unemployment. A nation that is still a developing economy, can’t take that chance!

The solution to most of the problems that we face today – poverty, unemployment, despair, crime, etc. lies in educating our children and masses. If we educate our children today, we will have literate and worth citizens tomorrow.

We also need to understand that education has many spheres where it could be implemented. It is not necessary that education only means reading books, sitting on benches and writing exams, etc. There is a lot more to it that we must acknowledge now.

There is something called vocational education; I am sure many of you must have heard the word before. Vocational education is a kind of training program provided to the students to make them industry-ready. Several skills required by the industries are imparted into the students so that they can be employed easily in the respective industries. This is like a life-saving program for those who didn’t have a chance to gain a formal education. It also significantly reduces unemployment in society and raises the living standard.

Then there is adult education. I think that adult education is one of the most important forms of education, which has the potential for transforming society as a whole. It is a kind of informal education meant for the uneducated adults, provided by volunteers and teachers.

There are many adults who have spent their whole life without even going to school for a single day. There are school dropouts, women, who never had formal education.

Adult education makes them independent by teaching them the necessary everyday skills. As you see my friends, that education is way vaster and has several definitions.

I believe that education constitutes everything that changes one’s life for better; educate him or her about a subject or imparts necessary skill; teaches how to live fruitfully in a way so that we give back to the society as well.

We are lucky that we are getting top-class education in this esteemed institute under the skilled guidance of our teachers. We must make the best out of it and turn it into an ocean of possibilities not only for ourselves but also for the society.

Our education will only be fruitful in the true sense if we use it to give back to society. Being responsible citizens of the nation, it is our duty to use our education for the development of the nation, in whatever way we can.

I think I have said enough on education and hope that I was able to make an impact on you all for good. With this, I end my speech! Thank You!

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Home — Essay Samples — Economics — Unemployment — Unemployment: Causes, Effects, and Solutions

Unemployment: Causes, Effects, and Solutions

• Categories: Unemployment

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Words: 685 |

Published: Jan 30, 2024

Words: 685 | Pages: 2 | 4 min read

Table of contents

Introduction, causes of unemployment, effects of unemployment, solutions to combat unemployment, a. economic factors.

• Global recession: During economic downturns, companies may reduce employment to cut costs and remain competitive.
• Automation and technological advancements: The use of machines and technology may replace human workers in some industries, leading to job losses.
• Outsourcing of jobs: Companies may choose to outsource jobs to other countries where labor costs are lower, leaving domestic workers unemployed.

B. Societal Factors

• Lack of education and skills: Individuals without proper education and job training may be ill-equipped to meet the demands of a constantly evolving job market.
• Discrimination in hiring processes: Certain groups, such as women, minorities, and older workers, may face barriers in securing employment due to discrimination.
• Dependency on welfare programs: Some individuals may choose to remain on welfare programs due to a lack of incentive to enter the workforce or because they cannot find suitable employment.

A. Economic Effects

• Reduction in consumer spending: Without a steady income, unemployed individuals may have less money to spend, resulting in a decline in consumer spending.
• Decline in government revenue: With fewer people working, the government may see a decline in tax revenue, which can impact its ability to provide necessary services and promote economic growth.
• Increase in social welfare expenses: The government may need to allocate more funds toward social welfare programs, such as unemployment benefits and food assistance, to support those who are unemployed.

B. Social Effects

• Increase in crime rates: Individuals who are unemployed may resort to criminal activities to make ends meet, leading to a rise in crime rates.
• Mental health issues: Unemployment can cause stress, anxiety, and depression, which can negatively impact an individual's mental health.
• Strained relationships and family instability: Unemployment may cause financial strain and tension within families, leading to relationship problems and instability.

A. Economic Solutions

• Encouraging entrepreneurship and small business development: Providing resources and support for individuals to start their own businesses can lead to job creation and economic growth.
• Promoting vocational training and skill development programs: Ensuring that individuals have access to education and training programs can increase their job readiness and competitiveness in the job market.
• Implementing balanced trade policies: Creating policies that promote fair trade and reduce job outsourcing can protect domestic jobs and promote job growth.

B. Social Solutions

• Addressing educational disparities and providing access to quality education: Providing quality education to disadvantaged communities can improve their job readiness and reduce unemployment rates.
• Combating discrimination in the workplace: Enforcing anti-discrimination laws and promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace can reduce barriers to employment for certain groups.
• Strengthening social safety net programs: Ensuring that social welfare programs are designed to incentivize work and provide support to those in need can promote economic stability and reduce poverty.
• Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2021, October 8). Employment Situation Summary. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.nr0.htm

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Paragraph on Unemployment

Unemployment is the biggest enemy of the economy. What it is, its cause, its effect, and its solution, everything is discussed in the paragraphs below. You must read all of them to be completely aware of the topic.

Short and Long Paragraphs on Unemployment

Paragraph 1 – 100 words.

Unemployment is a state in which a person is not able to earn a living due to a lack of work. It is not desirable for the individual as well as for the whole nation. Society treats an unemployed person with inferiority. It is a serious problem but not an unsolvable.

Unemployment gives rise to many other problems in our society. It may result in famine, poverty, higher criminal activities, and terrorism, etc. The government is taking several measurements to stop or reduce unemployment in India. We should support the government and those who are working on reducing it to the minimum.

Paragraph 2 – 120 Words

Unemployment is like cancer for the society. It slowly but gradually destroys the whole economy. It causes equal harm to the family, society and the country as well. There can be many reasons for the widespread unemployment in the nation. We need to focus on every cause of unemployment individually.

The uncontrolled population is the most serious reason for unemployment. Many countries in the world are suffering from unemployment due to overpopulation. The lack of education and the poor education system are also the reason for growing unemployment in an economy. Their effect lasts longer and wrecks the economy deeply. There are many other reasons for unemployment like the fall of the economy, less saving and investment, weak planning, etc.

Paragraph 3 – 150 Words

Unemployment in the economy pulls it back several hundred years. To solve the problem of unemployment, we must understand what kind of it is. Unemployment has various types, and each of its types has its separate reason and effect. All of them put some adverse impacts on society.

Some important types of unemployment are cyclical, seasonal, frictional, structural and voluntary unemployment. Cyclical unemployment arises when the demand for a good or service goes down drastically in an economy. Seasonal unemployment is associated with those industries which open in some specific season. Agriculture is a field where seasonal unemployment is the most.

There is a situation in which an individual does not want to work for some reason. This kind of unemployment means voluntary unemployment. It is voluntary and completely based on the choice of the person. All these falls under unemployment and they put equal and destructible effects on society.

Paragraph 4 – 200 Words

Unemployment is when a large fraction of the population does not participate in productive works but uses available resources. It brings the economy in loss and makes it underdeveloped. Not a single nation of the world would ever prefer to be in such a situation.

Unemployment is a very pathetic state of an economy. The sooner this problem is eliminated, the better it is for the country. Controlling the population of the nation can be the best possible solution to unemployment. In an economy with a balanced population, everyone will get a chance to show his skills. Available jobs will be sufficient for the available human capital.

Improving the education system may also help us in getting rid of the problem of unemployment. Well educated and skilled youth will no longer wander to get appropriate jobs. Also, the best education will help them in diverting from the terrorists and other criminal activities.

There are many ways of removing the problem of unemployment, and the government is also working on them. We should also realize our responsibility towards our nation and work for its development. We can remove the problem of unemployment only when we all will work for it collectively and sincerely.

Paragraph 5 – 250 Words

Unemployment is an undesirable state of the economy. Almost no country in the world is untouched by the problem of unemployment. Unemployment has made a place in every economy. It is not beneficial for the country or society in any way. The level of unemployment is indicative of the deformed economy of the country.

Unemployment is one of the major problems in developing countries. A country going through the problem of unemployment suffers from the loss of both labor and time. Most of its population sits idle and becoming unproductive. Subsequently, it completely stops the economic growth of the country.

The main reason behind widespread poverty in India is unemployment. An employed person cannot feed his family and himself, and thus they fall in the poverty zone. It also becomes a reason for the increasing number of suicides in the country. People choose to die rather than living in unemployment and poverty.

Certainly, an unemployed person will wander to feed himself and fulfill his basic needs. It makes him be a criminal and earn money for his livelihood by any means. So unemployment is also a reason for increasing the crime rate in the nation.

Political instability is the result of unemployment which works as a barrier to the economic development of a country. It creates a conflict between the owner of the industries and their worker. The constant conflict may lead to protests and violence. All these outcomes of unemployment are unacceptable so they must be removed as soon as possible.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions

Ans. India’s unemployment rate is 7.2 percent (by May 2021).

Ans. Tripura is the most unemployed state of India.

Ans. Burkina Faso has the highest unemployment rate in the world.

Ans. Unemployment is caused due to a lack of job opportunities and overpopulation.

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Essay on Unemployment for Children and Students

Table of Contents

One of the major hindrances in the growth of any country is unemployment. Unemployment is a serious issue in India. Lack of education, lack of employment opportunities and performance issues are some of the factors that lead to unemployment. The government of India must take effective steps to eliminate this problem. One of the main problems faced by the developing countries is unemployment. It is not only one of the major obstacles in the country’s economic growth but also has several other negative repercussions on the individual as well as the society as a whole.

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Long and Short Essay on Unemployment in English

We have provided below short and long essay on unemployment in English for your knowledge and information. These essays have been written in simple and impressive language to convey the message with minimum effort.

After going through these Essays on Unemployment you will know about the factors leading to unemployment in India; what are the possible solutions for the eradication of unemployment; different types of unemployment; initiatives taken by the government to reduce unemployment; unemployment statistics in India etc.

These Unemployment essay will be useful in your school/college events of essay writing, speech giving or debate.

Unemployment Essay 1 (200 words)

People who are willing to work and are earnestly looking for job but are unable to find one are said to be unemployed. It does not include people who are voluntarily unemployed as well as those who are unable to seek job due to certain physical or mental health problem.

There are various factors that lead to the problem of unemployment in the country. These include:

• Slow Industrial Growth
• Rapid Increase in Population
• Focus on Theoretical Education
• Fall in Cottage Industries
• Lack of alternative employment opportunities for the agricultural workers
• Technological Advancement

Unemployment does not impact only the individuals but also the growth of the country. It has a negative impact on social and economic growth of the country. Here are some of the consequences of unemployment:

• Increase in crime rate
• Poor standard of living
• Loss of skill
• Political instability
• Mental health issues
• Slow economic growth

Surprisingly, despite the negative repercussions it has on the society, unemployment is one of the most overlooked issues in India. The government has taken certain steps to control the problem; however, these have not been effective enough. The government should not just initiate programs to control this problem but also keep a check on their effectiveness and revise them if need be.

Unemployment Essay 2 (300 words)

Introduction

Unemployment is a curse to the society. It does not only impact the individuals but also the society as a whole. There are a number of factors that lead to unemployment. Here is a look at these factors in detail and also the possible solutions to control this problem.

Factors Leading to Unemployment in India

• Growth in Population

The rapid growth in the population of the country is one of the leading causes of unemployment.

• Slow Economic Growth

Slow economic growth of the country results in lesser employment opportunities for people, thereby leading to unemployment.

• Seasonal Occupation

Large part of the country’s population is engaged in the agricultural sector. With this being a seasonal occupation, it provides work opportunity only for a certain part of the year.

• Slow Growth of Industrial Sector

The growth of industrial sector in the country is slow. Thus, the employment opportunities in this sector are limited.

• Fall in Cottage Industry

The production in cottage industry has fallen drastically and this has left several artisans unemployed.

Possible Solutions to Eradicate Unemployment

• Population Control

It is high time the government of India should take stern steps to control the population of the country.

• Education System

The education system in India focuses majorly on the theoretical aspects rather than skill development. The system must be improved to generate skilled manpower.

• Industrialization

The government must take steps to boost the industrial sector to create greater opportunities for people.

• Overseas Companies

The government must encourage foreign companies to open their units in the country to generate more employment opportunities.

• Employment Opportunities

Employment opportunities must be created in rural areas for seasonally unemployed people.

The problem of unemployment in the country has persisted since long. While the government has launched several programmes for employment generation, desirable progress has not been achieved. The policy-makers and the citizens should make collective efforts in creating more jobs as well as acquiring the right skill-set for employability.

Unemployment Essay 3 (400 words)

Unemployment in India can be divided into many categories including disguised unemployment, open unemployment, educated unemployment, cyclic unemployment, seasonal unemployment, technological unemployment, underemployment, structural unemployment, frictional unemployment, chronic unemployment and casual unemployment. Before leaning about these types of unemployment in detail let us understand as to who exactly is said to be unemployed. It is basically a person who is willing to work and is seeking an employment opportunity, however, is unable to find one. Those who choose to remain unemployed voluntarily or are unable to work due to some physical or mental health issue are not counted as unemployed.

Here is a detailed look at the different types of unemployment:

Disguised Unemployment

When more than the required numbers of people are employed at a place, it is said to be disguised unemployment. Removing these people does not impact the productivity.

Seasonal Unemployment

As the term suggests, this is the type of unemployment that is seen during certain seasons of the year. The industries mostly affected by seasonal unemployment include the agricultural industry, resorts and ice factories, to name a few.

Open Unemployment

This is when a vast number of labourers are unable to seek a job that provides them regular income. The problem occurs as the labour force increases at a much greater rate compared to the economy’s growth rate.

Technological Unemployment

The use of technological equipments has also led to unemployment by reducing the requirement of manual labour.

Structural Unemployment

This kind of unemployment occurs because of a major change in the country’s economic structure. This is said to be a result of technological advancement and economic development.

Cyclic Unemployment

A reduction in the overall level of business activities leads to cyclic unemployment. However, the phenomenon is short-run.

Educated Unemployment

Inability to find a suitable job, lack of employable skill and flawed education system are some of the reasons why the educated lot remains unemployed.

Underemployment

In this kind of unemployment people either take up a job on part time basis or take up work for which they are over-qualified.

Frictional Unemployment

This occurs when the demand of labour force and its supply are not synced appropriately.

Chronic Unemployment

This is long-term unemployment that continues in a country due to the rapid increase in population and low level of economic development.

Casual Unemployment

This may occur because of a sudden fall in demand, short-term contracts or shortage of raw material.

Though the government has launched several programmes to control each type of unemployment, however, the results are far from satisfactory. The government needs to devise more effective strategies for employment generation.

Unemployment Essay 4 (500 words)

Unemployment is a serious problem. There are a number of factors including lack of education, lack of employment opportunities, lack of skill, performance issues and increasing population rate that lead to this issue in India. Unemployment has a number of negative repercussions on the individuals as well as the country as a whole. The government has taken several initiatives to control this problem. Some of these are mentioned here in detail.

Government Initiatives to Reduce Unemployment

• Training for Self Employment

Launched in 1979, the program was named, National Scheme of Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM). It is aimed at reducing unemployment among the youth in the rural areas.

• Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)

In the year 1978-79, the Indian government launched the Integrated Rural Development Programme to ensure full employment opportunities in rural areas. A sum of Rs. 312 crore was spent on this programme and as many as 182 lakh families benefited from it.

• Employment in Foreign Countries

The government helps people get employment in overseas companies. Special agencies have been established to hire people for work in other countries.

• Small and Cottage Industries

In an attempt to reduce the issue of unemployment, the government has also developed small and cottage industries. Several people are making their living with this initiative.

• The Swaran Jayanti Rozgar Yojana

This program is aimed at providing self-employment as well as wage-employment opportunities to the urban population. It includes two plans:

• Urban Self-Employment Programme
• Urban Wage Employment Programme
• Employment Assurance Scheme

The program was launched in as many in 1994 in as 1752 backward blocks in the country. It provided unskilled manual work for 100 days to the poor unemployed people living in rural areas.

• Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP)

The program was started in 13 states and covered as many as 70 drought-prone districts with an aim to remove seasonal unemployment. In its seventh plan, the government spent Rs. 474 crore.

• Jawahar Rozgar Yojana

The program launched in April 1989 aimed at providing employment to a minimum of one member in each poor rural family for a period of fifty to hundred days a year. The employment opportunity is provided in the person’s vicinity and 30% of these opportunities are reserved for women.

• Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY)

There are a total of three schemes under this program. Under the first scheme, the urban poor are given subsidy to establish micro enterprises. Under the second scheme, wage-employment is arranged for labourers in cities having a population of less than 10 lakh. Under the third scheme, urban poor in the cities are given employment opportunities matching their skills.

• Employment Guarantee Scheme

Unemployed people are provided economic assistance under this scheme. It has been launched in a number of states including Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, etc.

Apart from this, many other similar programs have been launched to reduce unemployment.

Though the government has been taking several measures to control the problem of unemployment in the country a lot still needs to be worked upon in order to curb this problem in true sense.

Unemployment Essay 5 (600 words)

Unemployment is a grave issue. There are a number of factors that lead to it. Some of these include lack of proper education, lack of good skill set, inability to perform, lack of good employment opportunities and rapidly increasing population. Here is a look at the unemployment statics in the country, the consequences of unemployment and the measures taken by the government to control it.

Unemployment: Statistics in India

The Ministry of Labour and Employment of India keeps the records of unemployment in the country. The measure of unemployment is calculated based on the number of people who had no work for a substantial amount of time during the 365 days preceding the date of collation of data and are still seeking employment.

India saw an average of 7.32 percent unemployment rate from 1983 to 2013 with a highest of 9.40 percent in the year 2009 and a record low of 4.90 percent in 2013. In the year 2015-16, the unemployment rate shot up significantly with 8.7 per cent for women and 4.3 per cent for men.

Consequences of Unemployment

Unemployment leads to serious socio-economic issues. It does not only impact the individuals but the society as a whole. Shared below are some of the major consequences of unemployment:

• Increase in Poverty

It goes without saying that increase in unemployment rate results in increase in the rate of poverty in the country. Unemployment is largely responsible for hampering the economic growth of the country.

• Increase in Crime Rate

Unable to find a suitable job, the unemployed lot usually takes the path of crime as this seems to be an easy way of making money. One of the main causes of rapidly increasing cases of theft, robbery and other heinous crimes is unemployment.

• Exploitation of Labour

Employees usually take advantage of scarcity of jobs in the market by offering low wages. Unable to find a job matching their skill people usually settle for a low-paying job. Employees are also forced to work for more than the set number of hours each day.

• Political Instability

Lack of employment opportunities results in loss of faith in the government and this often leads to political instability.

• Mental Health

The dissatisfaction level among unemployed people increases and it can gradually lead to anxiety, depression and other mental health problems.

• Loss of Skill

Staying out of job for long period of time makes one dull and eventually results in the loss of skill. It also lowers a person’s self confidence to a large extent.

The government of India has taken several initiatives to reduce the problem of unemployment as well as to help the unemployed lot in the country. Some of these include the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP), Training for Self-Employment, Nehru Rozgar Yojna (NRY), Employment Assurance Scheme, Prime Minister’s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Program (PMIUPEP) Development of Organized Sector, Employment Exchanges, Employment in Foreign Countries, Small and Cottage Industries, Employment Guarantee Scheme and Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana, to name a few.

Besides offering employment opportunities by way of these programs, the government is also sensitizing the importance of education and providing skill training to the unemployed people.

Unemployment is the root cause of various problems in the society. While the government has taken initiatives to reduce this problem, the measures taken are not effective enough. The various factors causing this problem must be studied well to look for effective and integrated solutions for the same. It is time the government should recognize the sensitivity of the matter and take some serious steps to reduce it.

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Speech on Unemployment In India

Unemployment in India is a serious issue affecting many lives. It’s when people who can work don’t have jobs. In the second-largest population in the world, this problem is quite big. Let’s understand more about it.

1-minute Speech on Unemployment In India

Good day, everyone!

Today, I am going to talk about a serious issue that our country, India, is facing – Unemployment. Unemployment means not having a job. Imagine, you are all grown up, educated, ready to work, but there are no jobs available. Sounds scary, right? That’s what many people in India are experiencing.

Firstly, let’s talk about the causes. Our education system is one of the main reasons. We are taught to remember things, not to understand and apply them. This means even after getting degrees, many people lack the skills needed for jobs. Also, our population is growing faster than the jobs being created. So, there are too many people and too few jobs.

Secondly, let’s discuss the effects. Unemployment leads to poverty because when people don’t have jobs, they don’t earn money. Without money, they can’t buy food, clothes or pay for a place to live. It’s a tough situation. Moreover, it can also lead to sadness and frustration, affecting people’s wellbeing.

Lastly, let’s talk solutions. We need to change our education system to focus more on skills, not just marks. We should encourage entrepreneurship, which means people starting their own businesses. The government should also create more job opportunities.

In conclusion, unemployment is a big problem in India. But every problem has a solution. If we all work together, we can overcome this. Remember, a nation’s strength lies in the hands of its working population. Let’s ensure that every hand is working and contributing towards building a better India.

Also check:

• Essay on Unemployment In India

2-minute Speech on Unemployment In India

Dear Friends,

Today, I want to talk about a problem that affects millions of people in our country – Unemployment. In simple words, unemployment is when people who can work and want to work are not able to find jobs. This is a big problem in India.

First, let’s talk about why unemployment is a problem. When people don’t have jobs, they don’t have money to buy things they need like food and clothes. This makes life very hard for them and their families. It also means they can’t contribute to the economy, which is like a big machine that needs everyone to do their part to keep running smoothly.

Second, let’s look at why there is so much unemployment in India. One reason is that there are not enough jobs for everyone who wants to work. This is because our economy is not growing fast enough to create new jobs. Also, many people in India do not have the right skills or education to do the jobs that are available. This is called a skills gap.

Third, let’s think about what we can do to solve this problem. One solution is to invest more in education and training. This will help people learn the skills they need to find good jobs. We also need to encourage more businesses to start and grow in India. This will create more jobs for everyone.

Finally, I want to talk about why it’s important for all of us to care about this issue. Unemployment is not just a problem for the people who can’t find jobs. It’s a problem for all of us. When people are unemployed, they can’t buy things, and businesses can’t sell things. This slows down the economy and makes life harder for everyone.

In conclusion, unemployment is a big problem in India. But it’s a problem we can solve. By investing in education and encouraging business growth, we can create more jobs and help everyone have a better life. Let’s all work together to make this happen.

Thank you for listening.

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2 Minute Speech On Unemployment In India

Good morning to everyone in this room. I would like to thank the principal, the teachers, and my dear friends for allowing me to speak to you today about unemployment in India. India’s high unemployment rate is a big growth barrier. Performance issues, a lack of career opportunities, and a lack of education are a few factors that contribute to unemployment in India.

The Indian government must take strong action to resolve this situation. One of the most important difficulties that developing countries face is the rate of unemployment in India. It is one of the greatest obstacles to the country’s economic progress since it has a lot of additional negative repercussions on the individual and society as a whole.

Increased population, poor economic growth, seasonal employment, sluggish industrial sector expansion, and decline in cottage industries are the contributing factors to unemployment in India.

Population growth and slow economic expansion reduce job prospects for individuals, which increases unemployment. Just at a specific period of the year are seasonal jobs available, but slow industrial growth and a decline in cottage industry production have left many craftspeople jobless.

The Indian government should take action to manage the nation’s population, enhance the educational system, promote the industrial sector, encourage international businesses to set offices there, and provide seasonal workers in rural regions with employment prospects.

India has suffered from unemployment for a very long time. Despite the government’s efforts, not enough employment has been created despite the launch of several programs. Residents and officials should work together on creating marketable skills and more employment, and more jobs should be produced. Thank you. 

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Unemployment In India Essay - 100, 200, 500 Words

• Essay on Unemployment in India-

Unemployment is the inability to obtain a job in a well-established organisation despite repeated attempts. This issue has become critical in the twenty-first century due to various issues, such as a lack of human capital, illiteracy, resource availability, crime rate, mental stress, and even the effect of political considerations. One of the biggest concerns in the working field is the exploitation of people, making them lose hope in their profession. They are subjected to unequal wage distribution by their employer.

100 Words Essay on Unemployment in India

200 words essay on unemployment in india, 500 words essay on unemployment in india.

Unemployment is when a person is willing to work but cannot find a job. In India, unemployment is a big problem because there are not enough jobs for everyone. Unemployment is a big problem in India that affects many people. It is caused by a lack of job opportunities, a mismatch between the skills of the workforce and the needs of employers, and a rapidly growing population .

The Indian government is trying to help by creating more jobs through schemes like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and the Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana (PMRPY) . These schemes provide employment opportunities for people living in rural areas and also encourage employers to provide more jobs for new job seekers.

“We need to give importance to skill development because this way we can end unemployment.” - Narendra Modi

Unemployment is a severe problem in India that affects millions of people. It is defined as a situation where a person is able and willing to work but cannot find a job. Unemployment can lead to poverty, social unrest and other negative effects on individuals and society.

Causes Of Unemployment

One of India's leading causes of unemployment is the lack of job opportunities . This can be due to various factors, such as a slow-growing economy, a need for more investment in specific industries, and education and training for certain jobs. Additionally, the population in India is growing rapidly, and there needs to be more jobs to keep up with the increasing number of people entering the workforce.

Another cause of unemployment in India is the mismatch between workforce skills and employers' needs. Many people in India need to gain the skills or education required for the available jobs, making it difficult for them to find work. Furthermore, many jobs in India require specific skills or qualifications that are not widely available. However, the Indian Government is taking steps to tackle unemployment through schemes and policies, as well as by encouraging investment and education.

Unemployment is a significant problem. If a country has an unemployment problem, that country will be unable to expand swiftly. Different difficulties will occur in such a situation; if individuals do not have jobs, they will engage in various improper actions that will damage the country.

Because of unemployment, many young people become involved in criminal activity. The country must bear this. Because of the increase in unemployment, significant crimes such as theft, dacoity, murder, and kidnapping have surged throughout the country. The best way to reduce these atrocities is to employ young people.

Causes of Unemployment in India

Population | India's fast-growing population contributes significantly to the country's high unemployment rate. Because as a country's population grows, so does the number of people working there, and as a result, competition among the people grows, and there is no assurance that everyone will receive a job.

Youth are the country's future, and if they do not have jobs, they will engage in other illicit and criminal actions, which can hinder the country's development. In such a situation, India will have to control its population rate and promote the Startup India scheme. Only then can the problem of unemployment in the country be ended.

Lack of technical education | Most colleges and universities in India still provide traditional, outmoded curricula. Students cannot acquire jobs with these courses in today's market. Because today's world is technical, and if the technical world wants to gain a job, then it is vital to have technical education.

So technical education has to be emphasised in India, and all youngsters have to be provided technical education early so they may acquire jobs easily after growing up.

Economic Growth is Slowing

Because the economy is developing slowly, the country's unemployment problem may worsen. As a result, if the government wants to solve the unemployment problem, it must accelerate economic development; only then will new job opportunities become accessible in the country.

Seasonal business of India: - Much of India's business is seasonally dependent, such as farming, which creates employment prospects once a year.

The decline in the industrial sector: - The country's industrial sector is growing at a glacial pace. As a result, career chances in this industry are restricted.

The decline in the cottage industry: - The cottage industry's output has plummeted, and as a result, many artisans have lost their jobs. In such a case, the country's unemployment crisis will worsen when the number of industries is reduced. As a result, the government must encourage the cottage sector to develop more job prospects and potential.

Increasing unemployment breeds poverty: - People who do not have jobs will commit crimes to meet their necessities.

How to Reduce Unemployment

The measures to address the unemployment problem are as follows:

The government should endeavour to regulate the population so that the number of new entrants to labour can be controlled.

India's education system must be modified to solve the unemployment problem. Education should change its focus from theory to practice.

To provide income and job opportunities, agricultural operations should be diversified into fisheries, livestock husbandry, horticulture, etc.

The government should make reasonable efforts to encourage the development of cottage and small industries in rural and urban regions. These industries require more labour per unit of capital.

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Unemployment Speech

We all know that India as a nation is dealing with the problem of unemployment and our government is trying to implement some effective measures to grant employment to the people of its country. The youth of the nation is suffering due to no or incompatible job opportunities. Since it’s such a pertinent issue for all of us, everyone is seen addressing this issue either publicly or at school, colleges, etc in order to educate the masses. Therefore, at times one needs to prepare a brief speech on unemployment. And if you are looking to prepare one in order to impress your teacher or leave an impact on your audience, then you may refer to our both short and long speech on unemployment and complete your task without any hassles.

Speech on Unemployment

Unemployment speech – 1.

Respected Managers and Dear Colleagues!

As the increasing threat of recession is looming over our heads, it has become necessary to talk about it at least amongst our fraternity. We all know that our co-employees are being laid off due to the scarcity of work and the dwindling financial condition of our organization. It’s a time that needs to be handled with utmost patience and ingenuity.

We never know that one day while walking through the office, any of us may be told by our manager, “Sorry, but it’s your last day in the office today”. Now you all must have started contemplating what you will do then, how you will make money and run your family. So let’s face this situation with dexterity and smartness. However, before we engage in a conversation or discussion, please allow me to deliver a concise speech on unemployment so that you have an insight into the things and thereafter are able to evaluate your own circumstances with the situation of the masses. Trust me; it will give you a lot of encouragement to brave the situation boldly.

There are mainly three forms of unemployment – labor class, who is illiterate, educated people without being technically qualified and lastly technical people, such as engineers. Let us know about them one by one.

With labor class, the situation is such that they have to constantly look for employment opportunities as they earn wages on a daily basis; hence they club themselves at a particular place to be able to obtain regular employment somewhere. In this precarious situation, sometimes they are able to find employment and sometimes not. But they have habituated themselves to survive in the latter condition even though it is frustrating at times for them too when they are unable to meet their basic requirements of food and clothing. Situation is quite similar for the city laborers also as they manage to get seasonal employment in some big farm or field, which help them to survive.

As the population of literate people is growing day by day, the government is unable to accommodate them at the workplaces. Already our educated youth is discontented with the incompetent wages given to them and the threat of unemployment leaves them even more frustrated. It is quite unfortunate that they are made to meander through the dark roads. Since they don’t possess any practical experience or technical expertise, they only end up looking for clerical jobs, which are not enough to accommodate the growing number of literate people.

Then those who possess technical qualification get even more frustrated because they are unable to find a good job at par with their academic qualification. Since the number of people acquiring technical expertise is increasing day by day, therefore even they get caught in the trap of unemployment. It’s good that more and more people are educating themselves and are also going for higher educational levels too; but sadly the government is proving inefficient to offer them good employment opportunities. Hence, the growing anger and frustration in our youth has become so evident these days.

But instead of increasing our frustration, we should think of combating this situation, may be through generating self-employment opportunities and channelizing our energy in that direction. In this manner, the grave problem of unemployment can be tackled to a great extent. That’s all I have to say.

Unemployment Speech – 2

Dear Employees!

It’s a rare occasion that I get to interact with all my employees under one roof the way that I am doing today. There is nothing special in the present day and behind our coming here; however as a director of the company I realized that there ought to be no communication gap between me and my employees. Secondly, if there is any concern or issue with any one of you then please feel free to put it across the table. The management would certainly try to resolve it or would bring the necessary changes in the organization.

Amidst the growing recession period, I would request everybody to join hands together and work unanimously towards the betterment of our company. In fact, we should consider ourselves fortunate that we have a job at hand and good growth prospects. Look at those who are not fairly employed or are unemployed despite a good educational background.

Do you know that the count of people, who are without a job, is increasing day by day in our country? According to experts, this is mainly owing to the economic slowdown as well as sluggish expansion in business activities that have brought the doom of employment generation.

Ideally, it’s the government that should expedite its growth measures in order to facilitate skill-based training activities so that the gap between demand and supply of work skills can be filled and necessary qualification can be given. This can also help resolve the long-term issue of unemployment.

Though there are people who remain unemployed by choice and are not willing to work, this will not be termed as unemployment. Unemployment is that situation when a person wishes to work, but is not able to find for himself/herself a qualified job. There is no doubt that our nation is grappling with this grave issue of unemployment. Unfortunately, many engineers, doctors, graduates or even post graduates are either unemployed or underemployed. Due to rising unemployment, the nation is merely wasting its human resource or is not able to unleash its benefits entirely.

In India, the rate of unemployment is depicting a growing trend since 2011 when it was 3.5 percent. Gradually, it increased to 3.6% in the year 2012 and further rose to 3.7% in the year 2013. Since then, the percentage is never seeing its decline. In fact, it has also been observed that at every stage of education, particularly at the higher levels, rate of female unemployment has always surpassed male employment.

The most important step that our government should take is to enforce strict population control measures and encourage its people to have small families. Then, some scrupulous measures should be taken to improve the quality of Indian education system. Our education system should be more focused on developing skills or providing practical training rather than confining itself to theoretical knowledge.

Then, new possibilities of employment should be created by setting-up small-scale and cottage industries. When people will be self-employed, they will not run after for jobs and would rather be able to employ others in their start-ups.

Now, may I invite the opinions of my employees on this issue of unemployment and also some concrete suggestions to combat it.

Unemployment Speech – 3

Good Morning Honorable Principal, Honorable Teachers and My Dear Friends!

As I begin, I would like to ask all the senior students a question that how many of you know that what you are going to do in your future? Nobody knows! Today, I am here to deliver a speech on unemployment that is directly related to my question and our future because it could be the worst problem that we all are going to face in our life after our education completion. As we all know that India is a huge country with 1.32 billion of population and thus it became a difficult task for our government to provide jobs to all the job seekers in the country. India has approximately 356 million youth population and probably all of them want to earn money but it is not an easy task for the government to provide all of them a job.

There are many reasons behind the rise of this problem. First of all, our education system is not appropriate. Our education should be job oriented but unfortunately it is been fixed up to the bookish knowledge. Students spend their whole time at school in reading books and writing but they also need some practical or job oriented knowledge. Second problem is our country’s huge population. This is because of the lack of knowledge among people about the values and benefits of a small family. Due to the lack of education and knowledge, our country has the second highest population around the world that creates a shortage of jobs for people living in the country.

There are some schemes and programs that are launched by our Indian government for solving the problem of unemployment in the country. First, in 2005, the government had launched Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act that guarantee a 100 day employment for an unemployed person in a year. In 200 of the district it has been implemented and will be expanded to 600 districts further. Under this scheme, a person is paid 150 Rs per day. Another scheme that was also launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment of India called National Career Service Portal (a web portal) (www.ncs.gov.in). By the help of this portal, a person who is seeking for a job could avail the information about job updates and vacancies. In this portal, private vacancies and contractual jobs that are available in government sector are available in this portal.

One more facility that government has provided is a weekly newspaper titled Employment News that can be available in every Saturday evening. It contains all the detailed information regarding government jobs and vacancies available in India. It also contains notifications regarding government exams and recruitment procedure for government jobs. Besides these schemes, there is also a choice of self-employing through business etc. If a person starts a company then it provides jobs for many unemployed people and it is a good solution for this problem.

On this note I would like to conclude my speech and I hope that my speech would be useful for your future.

Thank you and I wish you all a great day ahead!

Unemployment Speech – 4

Good Morning Respected Principal, Respected Teachers and My Dear Students!

Today, this seminar has been organized for the discussion over a very important aspect from which mostly every person could go through and that is unemployment and as a teacher, I have got this opportunity to host this seminar. First of all let me tell you about unemployment. It is a state when a person who is qualified and is eligible for job but does not find any. The problem of unemployment has continued from many years and is still a major issue for every person who willing to find a job. In a country like India, it becomes such a difficult task for a government to provide jobs to every job seeker. There are many reasons for the lack of employment in India. One of the reasons for unemployment is that India is a developing country and hence the country is getting modernized, it is lacking in jobs because of the excess use of technological machines. Industries started using heavy machines in the place of many workers and thus the workers are getting laid off and unemployed. Especially, old people who live alone are facing a lot of problems due to modernization and use of technology.

There are many other reasons such as our country’s education system which focuses only on the bookish knowledge and much less on practical knowledge. This kind of education system is called as degree oriented system but we actually need a system which is career oriented. If a person has completed many years in school and colleges and is still not ready for a job then what is the outcome of those years and study. There is a need of change in our education system. There should be some vocational studies that will help in enhancing the skills of the students. Another reason could be the thinking of people. Everybody wants to have a government job and that is quite impossible. Students should get praised and provoked for starting their own business. Mainly parents or teachers create a fear in a mind of student that there is a huge risk of failure in business or self-employment. This is also one of the reasons of lack of jobs because if a person starts a business then it provide jobs to many job seekers.

One of the main reasons of the lack of job opportunity in India is its population. We get to see thousands of people who compete for one position. India is a second most populated country around the world. It is quite difficult to provide millions of people a job in government sector. There is a need for encouraging the interest of students and showing them the correct path through which they could defeat this problem. As a teacher, I would like to advise you to choose your own interest as a career option.

On this note I would like to conclude my speech and extend special thanks to our honorable principal ma’am for giving me this opportunity.

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Whales Have an Alphabet

Until the 1960s, it was uncertain whether whales made any sounds at all..

This transcript was created using speech recognition software. While it has been reviewed by human transcribers, it may contain errors. Please review the episode audio before quoting from this transcript and email [email protected] with any questions.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

From “The New York Times,” I’m Michael Barbaro. This is “The Daily.”

Today, ever since the discovery that whales produce songs, scientists have been trying to find a way to decipher their lyrics. After 60 years, they may have finally done it. My colleague, Carl Zimmer, explains.

It’s Friday, May 24.

I have to say, after many years of working with you on everything from the pandemic to —

— CRISPR DNA technology, that it turns out your interests are even more varied than I had thought, and they include whales.

They do indeed.

And why? What is it about the whale that captures your imagination?

I don’t think I’ve ever met anybody who is not fascinated by whales. I mean, these are mammals like us, and they’re swimming around in the water. They have brains that are much bigger than ours. They can live maybe 200 years. These are incredible animals, and animals that we still don’t really understand.

Right. Well, it is this majestic creature that brings us together today, Carl, because you have been reporting on a big breakthrough in our understanding of how it is that whales communicate. But I think in order for that breakthrough to make sense, I think we’re going to have to start with what we have known up until now about how whales interact. So tell us about that.

Well, people knew that whales and dolphins traveled together in groups, but up until the 1960s, we didn’t really know that whales actually made any sounds at all. It was actually sort of an accident that we came across it. The American military was developing sophisticated microphones to put underwater. They wanted to listen for Russian submarines.

As one does. But there was an engineer in Bermuda, and he started hearing some weird stuff.

[WHALE SOUNDS]

And he wondered maybe if he was actually listening to whales.

What made him wonder if it was whales, of all things?

Well, this sound did not sound like something geological.

It didn’t sound like some underwater landslide or something like that. This sounded like a living animal making some kind of call. It has these incredible deep tones that rise up into these strange, almost falsetto type notes.

It was incredibly loud. And so it would have to be some really big animal. And so with humpback whales swimming around Bermuda, this engineer thought, well, maybe these are humpback whales.

And so he gets in touch with a husband and wife team of whale biologists, Roger and Katy Payne, and plays these recordings to them. And they’re pretty convinced that they’re hearing whales, too. And then they go on to go out and confirm that by putting microphones in the water, chasing after groups of whales and confirming, yes, indeed, that these sounds are coming from these humpback whales.

So once these scientists confirm in their minds that these are the sounds of a whale, what happens with this discovery?

Well, Roger and Katy Payne and their colleagues are astonished that this species of whale is swimming around singing all the time for hours on end. And it’s so inspirational to them that they actually help to produce a record that they release “The Song of the Humpback Whale” in 1970.

And so this is being sold in record stores, you know, along with Jimi Hendrix and Rolling Stones. And it is a huge hit.

Yeah, it sells like two million copies.

Well, at the time, it was a huge cultural event. This record, this became almost like an anthem of the environmental movement. And it led, for whales in particular, to a lot of protections for them because now people could appreciate that whales were a lot more marvelous and mysterious than they maybe had appreciated before.

And so you have legislation, like the Marine Mammal Act. The United States just agrees just to stop killing whales. It stops its whaling industry. And so you could argue that the discovery of these whale songs in Bermuda led to at least some species of whales escaping extinction.

Well, beyond the cultural impact of this discovery, which is quite meaningful, I wonder whether scientists and marine biologists are figuring out what these whale songs are actually communicating.

So the Paynes create a whole branch of science, the study of whale songs. It turns out that pretty much every species of whale that we know of sings in some way or another. And it turns out that within a species, different groups of whales in different parts of the world may sing with a different dialect. But the big question of what these whales are singing, what do these songs mean, that remains elusive into the 21st century. And things don’t really change until scientists decide to take a new look at the problem in a new way.

And what is that new way?

So in 2020, a group of whale biologists, including Roger Payne, come together with computer scientists from MIT. Instead of humpback whales, which were the whales where whale songs are first discovered, these scientists decide to study sperm whales in the Caribbean. And humpback whales and sperm whales have very, very different songs. So if you’re used to humpback whales with their crazy high and low singing voices —

Right, those best-selling sounds.

— those are rockin’ tunes of the humpback whales, that’s not what sperm whales do. Sperm whales have a totally different way of communicating with each other. And I actually have some recordings that were provided by the scientists who have been doing this research. And so we can take a listen to some of them.

Wow, It’s like a rhythmic clicking.

These are a group of sperm whales swimming together, communicating.

So whale biologists knew already that there was some structure to this sound. Those clicks that you hear, they come in little pulses. And each of those pulses is known as a coda. And whale biologists had given names to these different codas. So, for example, they call one coda, one plus one plus three —

— which is basically click, click, click, click, click, or four plus three, where you have four clicks in a row and a pause and then three clicks in a row.

Right. And the question would seem to be, is this decipherable communication, or is this just whale gibberish?

Well, this is where the computer scientists were able to come in and to help out. The whale biologists who were listening to the codas from the sperm whales in the Caribbean, they had identified about 21 types. And then that would seem to be about it.

But then, an MIT computer science graduate student named Prajusha Sharma was given the job of listening to them again.

And what does she hear?

In a way, it’s not so much what she heard, but what she saw.

Because when scientists record whale songs, you can look at it kind of like if you’re looking at an audio of a recording of your podcast, you will see the little squiggles of your voice.

And so whale biologists would just look at that ticker of whale songs going across the screen and try to compare them. And Sharma said, I don’t like this. I just — this is not how I look at data. And so what she decided to do is she decided to kind of just visualize the data differently. And essentially, she just kind of flipped these images on their side and saw something totally new.

And what she saw was that sperm whales were singing a whole bunch of things that nobody had actually been hearing.

One thing that she discovered was that you could have a whale that was producing a coda over and over and over again, but it was actually playing with it. It was actually stretching out the coda,

[CLICKING] So to get a little bit longer and a little bit longer, a little bit longer.

And then get shorter and shorter and shorter again. They could play with their codas in a way that nobody knew before. And she also started to see that a whale might throw in an extra click at the end of a coda. So it would be repeating a coda over and over again and then boom, add an extra one right at the end. What they would call an ornamentation. So now, you have yet another signal that these whales are using.

And if we just look at what the sperm whales are capable of producing in terms of different codas, we go from just 21 types that they had found in the Caribbean before to 156. So what the scientists are saying is that what we might be looking at is what they call a sperm whale phonetic alphabet.

Yeah, that’s a pretty big deal because the only species that we know of for sure that has a phonetic alphabet —

— is us, exactly. So the reason that we can use language is because we can make a huge range of sounds by just doing little things with our mouths. A little change in our lips can change a bah to a dah. And so we are able to produce a set of phonetic sounds. And we put those sounds together to make words.

So now, we have sperm whales, which have at least 150 of these different versions of sounds that they make just by making little adjustments to the existing way that they make sounds. And so you can make a chart of their phonetic alphabet, just like you make a chart of the human phonetic alphabet.

So then, that raises the question, do they combine their phonetic alphabet into words? Do they combine their words into sentences? In other words, do sperm whales have a language of their own?

Right. Are they talking to each other, really talking to each other?

If we could really show that whales had language on par with humans, that would be like finding intelligent life on another planet.

We’ll be right back.

So, Carl, how should we think about this phonetic alphabet and whether sperm whales are actually using it to talk to each other?

The scientists on this project are really careful to say that these results do not definitively prove what these sperm whale sounds are. There are a handful of possibilities here in terms of what this study could mean. And one of them is that the whales really are using full-blown language.

What they might be talking about, we don’t know. I mean, perhaps they like to talk about their travels over hundreds and thousands of miles. Maybe they’re talking about, you know, the giant squid that they caught last night. Maybe they’re gossiping about each other.

And you have to remember, sperm whales are incredibly social animals. They have relationships that last for decades. And they live in groups that are in clans of thousands of whales. I mean, imagine the opportunities for gossip.

These are all at least imaginable now. But it’s also possible that they are communicating with each other, but in a way that isn’t language as we know it. You know, maybe these sounds that they’re producing don’t add up to sentences. There’s no verb there. There’s no noun. There’s no structure to it in terms of how we think of language.

But maybe they’re still conveying information to each other. Maybe they’re somehow giving out who they are and what group they belong to. But it’s not in the form of language that we think of.

Right. Maybe it’s more kind of caveman like as in whale to whale, look, there, food.

It’s possible. But, you know, other species have evolved in other directions. And so you have to put yourself in the place of a sperm whale. You know, so think about this. They are communicating in the water. And actually, like sending sounds through water is a completely different experience than through the air like we do.

So a sperm whale might be communicating to the whale right next to it a few yards away, but it might be communicating with whales miles away, hundreds of miles away. They’re in the dark a lot of the time, so they don’t even see the whales right next to them. So it’s just this constant sound that they’re making because they’re in this dark water.

So we might want to imagine that such a species would talk the way we do, but there are just so many reasons to expect that whatever they’re communicating might be just profoundly different, so different that it’s actually hard for us to imagine. And so we need to really, you know, let ourselves be open to lots of possibilities.

And one possibility that some scientists have raised is that maybe language is just the wrong model to think about. Maybe we need to think about music. You know, maybe this strange typewriter, clickety clack is actually not like a Morse code message, but is actually a real song. It’s a kind of music that doesn’t necessarily convey information the way conversation does, but it brings the whales together.

In humans, like, when we humans sing together in choruses, it can be a very emotional experience. It’s a socially bonding experience, but it’s not really like the specific words that we’re singing that bring us together when we’re singing. It’s sharing the music together.

But at a certain point, we stop singing in the chorus, and we start asking each other questions like, hey, what are you doing for dinner? How are you going to get home? There’s a lot of traffic on the BQE. So we are really drawn to the possibility that whales are communicating in that same kind of a mode.

We’re exchanging information. We’re seeking out each other’s well-being and emotional state. And we’re building something together.

And I think that happens because, I mean, language is so fundamental to us as human beings. I mean, it’s like every moment of our waking life depends on language. We are talking to ourselves if we’re not talking to other people.

In our sleep, we dream, and there are words in our dreams. And we’re just stewing in language. And so it’s really, really hard for us to understand how other species might have a really complex communication system with hundreds of different little units of sound that they can use and they can deploy. And to think anything other than, well, they must be talking about traffic on the BQE. Like —

— we’re very human-centric. And we have to resist that.

So what we end up having here is a genuine breakthrough in our understanding of how whales interact. And that seems worth celebrating in and of itself. But it really kind of doubles as a lesson in humility for us humans when it comes to appreciating the idea that there are lots of non-human ways in which language can exist.

That’s right. Humility is always a good idea when we’re thinking about other animals.

So what now happens in this realm of research? And how is it that these scientists, these marine biologists and these computer scientists are going to try to figure out what exactly this alphabet amounts to and how it’s being used?

So what’s going to happen now is a real sea change in gathering data from whales.

So to speak.

So these scientists are now deploying a new generation of undersea microphones. They’re using drones to follow these whales. And what they want to do is they want to be recording sounds from the ocean where these whales live 24 hours a day, seven days a week. And so the hope is that instead of getting, say, a few 100 codas each year on recording, these scientists want to get several hundred million every year, maybe billions of codas every year.

And once you get that much data from whales, then you can start to do some really amazing stuff with artificial intelligence. So these scientists hope that they can use the same kind of artificial intelligence that is behind things like ChatGPT or these artificial intelligence systems that are able to take recordings of people talking and transcribing them into text. They want to use that on the whale communication.

They want to just grind through vast amounts of data, and maybe they will discover more phonetic letters in this alphabet. Who knows? Maybe they will actually find bigger structures, structures that could correspond to language.

If you go really far down this route of possibilities, the hope is that you would understand what sperm whales are saying to each other so well that you could actually create artificial sperm whale communication, and you could play it underwater. You could talk to the sperm whales. And they would talk back. They would react somehow in a way that you had predicted. If that happens, then maybe, indeed, sperm whales have something like language as we understand it.

And the only way we’re going to figure that out is if we figure out not just how they talk to themselves, but how we can perhaps talk to them, which, given everything we’ve been talking about here, Carl, is a little bit ironic because it’s pretty human-centric.

That’s right. This experiment could fail. It’s possible that sperm whales don’t do anything like language as we know it. Maybe they’re doing something that we can’t even imagine yet. But if sperm whales really are using codas in something like language, we are going to have to enter the conversation to really understand it.

Well, Carl, thank you very much. We appreciate it.

Thank you. Sorry. Can I say that again? My voice got really high all of a sudden.

A little bit like a whale’s. Ooh.

Yeah, exactly. Woot. Woot.

Thank yoooo. No. Thank you.

Here’s what else you need to know today.

We allege that Live Nation has illegally monopolized markets across the live concert industry in the United States for far too long. It is time to break it up.

On Thursday, the Justice Department sued the concert giant Live Nation Entertainment, which owns Ticketmaster, for violating federal antitrust laws and sought to break up the $23 billion conglomerate. During a news conference, Attorney General Merrick Garland said that Live Nation’s monopolistic tactics had hurt the entire industry of live events.

The result is that fans pay more in fees, artists have fewer opportunities to play concerts, smaller promoters get squeezed out, and venues have fewer real choices.

In a statement, Live Nation called the lawsuit baseless and vowed to fight it in court.

A reminder — tomorrow, we’ll be sharing the latest episode of our colleagues’ new show, “The Interview.” This week on “The Interview,” Lulu Garcia-Navarro talks with Ted Sarandos, the CEO of Netflix, about his plans to make the world’s largest streaming service even bigger.

I don’t agree with the premise that quantity and quality are somehow in conflict with each other. I think our content and our movie programming has been great, but it’s just not all for you.

Today’s episode was produced by Alex Stern, Stella Tan, Sydney Harper, and Nina Feldman. It was edited by MJ Davis, contains original music by Pat McCusker, Dan Powell, Elisheba Ittoop, Marion Lozano, and Sophia Lanman, and was engineered by Alyssa Moxley. Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly.

Special thanks to Project SETI for sharing their whale recordings.

That’s it for “The Daily.” I’m Michael Barbaro. See you on Tuesday after the holiday.

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Hosted by Michael Barbaro

Featuring Carl Zimmer

Produced by Alex Stern ,  Stella Tan ,  Sydney Harper and Nina Feldman

Edited by MJ Davis Lin

Original music by Elisheba Ittoop ,  Dan Powell ,  Marion Lozano ,  Sophia Lanman and Pat McCusker

Engineered by Alyssa Moxley

Listen and follow The Daily Apple Podcasts | Spotify | Amazon Music | YouTube

Ever since the discovery of whale songs almost 60 years ago, scientists have been trying to decipher the lyrics.

But sperm whales don’t produce the eerie melodies sung by humpback whales, sounds that became a sensation in the 1960s. Instead, sperm whales rattle off clicks that sound like a cross between Morse code and a creaking door. Carl Zimmer, a science reporter, explains why it’s possible that the whales are communicating in a complex language.

On today’s episode

Carl Zimmer , a science reporter for The New York Times who also writes the Origins column .

Background reading

Scientists find an “alphabet” in whale songs.

These whales still use their vocal cords. But how?

There are a lot of ways to listen to The Daily. Here’s how.

We aim to make transcripts available the next workday after an episode’s publication. You can find them at the top of the page.

The Daily is made by Rachel Quester, Lynsea Garrison, Clare Toeniskoetter, Paige Cowett, Michael Simon Johnson, Brad Fisher, Chris Wood, Jessica Cheung, Stella Tan, Alexandra Leigh Young, Lisa Chow, Eric Krupke, Marc Georges, Luke Vander Ploeg, M.J. Davis Lin, Dan Powell, Sydney Harper, Mike Benoist, Liz O. Baylen, Asthaa Chaturvedi, Rachelle Bonja, Diana Nguyen, Marion Lozano, Corey Schreppel, Rob Szypko, Elisheba Ittoop, Mooj Zadie, Patricia Willens, Rowan Niemisto, Jody Becker, Rikki Novetsky, John Ketchum, Nina Feldman, Will Reid, Carlos Prieto, Ben Calhoun, Susan Lee, Lexie Diao, Mary Wilson, Alex Stern, Dan Farrell, Sophia Lanman, Shannon Lin, Diane Wong, Devon Taylor, Alyssa Moxley, Summer Thomad, Olivia Natt, Daniel Ramirez and Brendan Klinkenberg.

Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly. Special thanks to Sam Dolnick, Paula Szuchman, Lisa Tobin, Larissa Anderson, Julia Simon, Sofia Milan, Mahima Chablani, Elizabeth Davis-Moorer, Jeffrey Miranda, Renan Borelli, Maddy Masiello, Isabella Anderson and Nina Lassam.

Carl Zimmer covers news about science for The Times and writes the Origins column . More about Carl Zimmer

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