economic inequality persuasive essay

To Fight Inequality, America Needs to Rethink Its Economic Model

F or decades, economic policy in most liberal democracies has been premised on two core beliefs: that free markets would maximize economic growth, and that we could address inequality through redistribution.

The recent revival of industrial policy, championed by President Biden, is a clear repudiation of the first of these beliefs. It reflects a growing recognition among economists that state intervention to shape markets and steer investment is crucial for fostering innovation, protecting strategically important sectors like semi-conductors, and tackling the climate emergency.

But we must also reassess the second belief—that taxes and transfers alone can address the vast inequalities that have brought American democracy to such a perilous juncture. Doing so will lead us towards a more fundamental rethink of our economic institutions, and the values that guide them.

This is partly a pragmatic response to economic reality. The massive increase in inequality since the 1980s in America was mostly driven not by a reduction in redistribution, but by the growing gap in earnings between low skill workers, whose wages have suffered an unprecedented period of stagnation, and college-educated professionals whose salaries have continued to soar. And while inequality has increased in most advanced economies, that it is so much higher in the U.S. compared to Europe is mostly the result of bigger gaps in earnings than lower levels of redistribution. In other words, even if America were to increase the generosity of the welfare state to European levels it would still be much more unequal.

But the need to look beyond redistribution is about more than economics, it is about resisting the narrow focus on money that dominates most debates about inequality, and the tendency to reduce our interests as citizens to those of consumers. While government transfers are essential for making sure that everyone can meet their basic needs, simply topping up people’s incomes fails to recognize the importance of work as a source of independence, identity, and community, and does nothing to address the insecurity faced by gig-economy workers, or the constant surveillance of employees in Amazon warehouses.

This is not purely a moral issue. According to a recent paper by economists at Columbia and Princeton, the Democratic Party’s shift towards a “compensate the losers ” strategy in the 1970s and 1980s—taxing high earners to fund welfare payments to the poor—played a key role in driving away less educated voters, who disproportionately support “pre-redistributive” policies like higher minimum wages and stronger unions.

Things are moving in the right direction. President Biden has put “good jobs” at the centre of his economic agenda, claiming that “a job is about [a] lot more than a pay cheque. It’s about your dignity. It’s about respect.” Leading economists such as Dani Rodrik at Harvard and Daron Acemoglu at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s have started to challenge the prevailing orthodoxy that such jobs are an inevitable by-product of a well-functioning market economy. This shift of focus towards the production or supply side of the economy has been variously termed “ productivism ”, “ modern supply-side economics ” and “ supply-side progressivism .”

Read More: Why Joe Biden is Running on the Economy

And yet, to grasp the full potential of these ideas we must look beyond economics to philosophy. Contemporary thinkers such as Michael Sandel and Elizabeth Anderson have done much to put questions about work back on the agenda. But for a systematic vision of a just society that recognizes the fundamental importance of work we should revisit the ideas of arguably the 20th-century’s greatest political philosopher, John Rawls—an early advocate for what we would now call “pre-distribution,” who argued that every citizen should have access to good jobs, a fair share of society’s wealth, and a say over how work is organized.

The publication of Rawls’s magnum opus A Theory of Justice in 1971 marks a watershed moment in the history of political thought, drawing favourable comparisons to the likes of John Stuart Mill, Immanuel Kant, even Plato. Rawls’s most famous idea is a thought experiment called the “original position.” If we want to know what a fair society would look like, he argued, we should imagine how we would choose to organize it if we didn’t know what our individual position would be—rich or poor, Black or white, Christian of Muslim— as if behind a “veil of ignorance.”

Our first priority would be to secure a set of “basic liberties,” such as free speech and the right to vote, that are the basis for individual freedom and civic equality.

When it comes to the economy, we would want “fair equality of opportunity,” and we would tolerate a degree of inequality so that people have incentives to work hard and innovate, making society richer overall. But rather than assuming that the benefits would trickle down to those at the bottom, Rawls argued that we would want to organize our economy so that the least well-off would be better off than under any alternative system—a concept he called the “difference principle.”

This principle has often been interpreted as justifying a fairly conventional strategy of taxing the rich and redistributing to the poor. But Rawls explicitly rejected “welfare state capitalism” in favour of what he called a “property-owning democracy.” Rather than simply topping up the incomes of the least well off, society should “put in the hands of citizens generally, and not only of a few, sufficient productive means for them to be fully cooperating members of society.”

Doing so is essential for individual dignity and self-respect, he argued, warning that “Lacking a sense of long-term security and the opportunity for meaningful work and occupation is not only destructive of citizens’ self-respect but of their sense that they are members of society and not simply caught in it. This leads to self-hatred, bitterness, and resentment” – feelings that could threaten the stability of liberal democracy itself. A focus on work is also necessary for maintaining a sense of reciprocity since every able citizen would be expected to contribute to society in return for a fair reward.

Rawls’s philosophy offers the kind of big picture vision that has been missing on the center-left for a generation—a unifying alternative to ‘identity politics’ grounded in the best of America’s political traditions. It also points towards a genuinely transformative economic programme that would address the concerns of long-neglected lower-income voters, not simply for higher incomes but for a chance to contribute to society and to be treated with respect.

At the heart of this vision is the idea that productive resources—both human capital (skills) and ownership of physical capital (like stocks and shares)—should be widely shared. People’s incomes would still depend on their individual effort and good fortune, but wages and profits would be more equal, and there would be less need for redistribution.

How might we bring this about?

First, we would need to ensure equal access to education, irrespective of family background. Sadly, the reality in America today is that children from the richest fifth of households are fivetimes more likely to get a college degree than those from the poorest fifth. Achieving true equality of opportunity is a generational challenge, but the direction should be towards universal early years education, school funding based on need rather than local wealth, and a higher education system where tuition subsidies and publicly-funded income-contingent loans guarantee access to all.

We also need to shift focus towards the more than half of the population who don’t get a four-year college degree. Our obsession with academic higher education—justified in part on the basis that this will generate growth, which in turn will benefit non-graduates—is simply the educational equivalent of trickle-down economics. At the very least, public subsidies should be made available on equal terms for those who want to follow a vocational route, as the U.K. is doing through the introduction of a Lifelong Learning Entitlement from 2025, providing every individual with financial support for four years of post-18 education, covering both long and short courses, and vocational and academic subjects.

Second, we must address the vastly unequal distribution of wealth . Thewealthiest 10 % of Americans have around 70 % of all personal wealth compared to roughly 2% the entire bottom half. Sensible policies like guaranteed minimum interest rates for small savers and tax breaks to encourage employee share ownership would encourage middle-class savings. But to shift the dial on wealth inequality we should be open to something more radical, like a universal minimum inheritance paid to each citizen at the age of eighteen, funded through progressive taxes on inheritance and wealth. If developments in AI push more income towards the owners of capital, something like this will become necessary.

Finally, we need to give workers real power to shape how companies are run. The idea that owners, or shareholders, should make these decisions is often treated as an immutable fact of economic life. But this “shareholder primacy” is neither natural nor inevitable about, and in most European countries employees have the right to elect representatives to company boards and to ‘works councils’ with a say over working conditions. This system of ‘co-management’ allows owners and worker to strike a balance between pursuing profit and all the other things we want from work – security, dignity, a sense of achievement, community – in a way that makes sense for a particular firm. The benefits of co-management appear to come at little or no cost in terms of profits or competitiveness, are popular with managers, and may even increase  business investment and productivity.

Critics will no doubt denounce these ideas as “socialism.” But as we have seen, they have impeccable liberal credentials, and are perfectly compatible with the dynamic market economy that is so vital both for individual freedom and economic prosperity. Neither are they somehow “un-American.” As Elizabeth Anderson has reminded us , America was the great hope of free market egalitarians from Adam Smith through to Abraham Lincoln, whose dreams of a society of small-scale independent producers were dashed by the industrial revolution, and would have been horrified by the hierarchy and subservience of contemporary capitalism. Rawls’s ideal of property-owning democracy can help us revive this vision for the 21 st century.

Still, even sympathetic readers might wonder whether there is any point talking about a new economic paradigm when the U.S. has failed even to raise the Federal minimum wage since 2009. But this would be to ignore the lessons of history. As the neoliberal era comes to an end, we should learn from its leading architects Milton Friedman and Friedrich Hayek, who were nothing if not bold, and saw their ideas go from heresy to orthodoxy in a single generation. As Friedman put it “Only a crisis — actual or perceived — produces real change. When that crisis occurs, the actions that are taken depend on the ideas that are lying around."

It often takes a generation or two before the ideas of truly great thinkers start to shape real politics. Now, for the first time since the publication of  A Theory of Justice  just over half a century ago, there is an urgent need and appetite for systematic political thinking on a scale that only a philosopher like Rawls can provide. In the face of widespread cynicism, even despair about the American project, his ideas offer a hopeful vision of the future whose time has come.

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Page One Economics ®

Income and wealth inequality.

"For we, the people, understand that our country cannot succeed when a shrinking few do very well and a growing many barely make it. We believe that America's prosperity must rest upon the broad shoulders of a rising middle class." 

—President Barack Obama 1

Introduction

There are many different types of inequality among people: educational attainment, work experience, and health—to name a few. This essay discusses economic inequality: its causes, measurement, and the potential impact of its growth in the U.S. economy.

Economists directly link differences in educational attainment and work experience, also known as human capital, to differences in economic outcomes. That is, formal education and job skills determine how likely a person is to find and hold a stable job that pays good wages. The flow of money from wages is the most important source of income for most people. Over time, regular income from employment allows people to own assets such as a home or a retirement financial portfolio. That stock of assets is called wealth .

Data collected by federal organizations such as the Census Bureau and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (BOG) allow us to measure how unequal the distributions of income and wealth are in the United States. Those data show that, since the 1970s, some individuals and families are earning much more income and accumulating much larger amounts of wealth than the typical family does. 

Data reported by the World Bank allow us to compare the distribution of income across countries. As of 2018, the available data show large international differences in income inequality. Although not all countries in the world have data on income inequality, among those that do, the United States ranks among the top 25% most unequal.

What Causes Inequality?

The root cause of differences in income and wealth across individuals and households is a combination of personal and social factors. Personal factors are unique to individuals and include talent, effort, and luck. Such factors can be either nurtured or hindered by the family upbringing of the individual. Social factors affect groups of people and include education policies, labor market laws, tax codes, and financial regulations. At any moment in time, social factors can overpower personal factors to determine individual prosperity and increase inequality among people. 2

For example, as gradually more married women started working outside the home between 1960 and 2000, their family incomes increased and the differences in income between households became larger depending on whether they had one or two people earning wages. At the same time, differences in the types of jobs women and men tend to hold also contribute to income inequality between genders. 3

Because wealth is accumulated over time, older people are generally wealthier than younger people. For that reason, if there are many more young people than old people in the general population and the old hold more wealth than the young, overall wealth inequality will be high. 4

Finally, some people argue that the type of monetary policy used to ensure steady access to credit by households and businesses during recent economic contractions may contribute to higher levels of income inequality. However, that claim is hotly disputed. 5

How Is Income Inequality Measured?

There are different ways to measure how unequal income is in a country. The U.S. Census measures income inequality as the ratio of the mean, or average, income for the highest quintile (top 20 percent) of earners divided by the mean income of the lowest quintile (bottom 20 percent) of earners in a particular area. Let's say a small county has 500 people earning an income. To measure how unequal those incomes are, the Census surveys and sorts each person's income from highest to lowest, calculates the average income of the 100 people earning the most and the average income of the 100 people earning the least, and divides the first figure by the second figure. 

Figure 1 Income Inequality by County 

SOURCE: U.S. Census via FRED ® , Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?m=QRCJ , accessed June 23, 2021.

Figure 1 shows average county-level income inequality measured between 2016 and 2020. The Census considers the average income over a five-year period to account for the fact that peoples' income changes from year to year. Measured this way, income inequality can be as high as 130 or as low as 5. These measurements mean that the most affluent households in a particular county can earn as much as 130 times or as little as 5 times as much as the least affluent households do.

Another way to measure income inequality in a population is to calculate the Gini index . The World Bank uses that index to measure how much the distribution of income among households deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. The Gini index can take any value between 0 and 100. A value of 0 represents perfect equality: All households earn the same income. A value of 100 indicates perfect inequality: One household earns all the income, and all other households earn nothing.

Figure 2 Gini Index by Nation

SOURCE: World Bank via FRED ® , Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?m=QRFh , accessed April 6, 2021.

Figure 2 shows country-level income inequality measured with a Gini index in 2018. The highest value is 54, and the lowest value is 25. It is important to note that two countries can have very similar Gini indexes despite having very different distributions of income. For example, in 2018, the Gini index for the United States was 41.4 and for Bulgaria was 41.3, despite the fact that those two countries' economic and social histories are very different.

In the United States, since the 1970s, the Gini index has increased at a steady rate, indicating greater income inequality across families. 6 Some research suggests that this growing difference is related to the increased value of the stock market. Wealthier households hold more stocks than poorer households. So, when stock market prices rise, the income of wealthier households grows relatively more and overall income inequality increases. 7  

How Is Wealth Inequality Measured?

The BOG combines information from two different surveys to measure how wealth is distributed among households: It takes the value of a household's assets (e.g., the current market price of a home) and liabilities (e.g., the unpaid part of a mortgage for a home) and calculates the difference between the two, which is called net worth . Next, the BOG sorts household wealth from highest to lowest and reports the net worth of four different groups: the wealthiest 1% of the population, the next 9%, the next 40%, and the bottom 50%.

Figure 3 Share of Total Net Worth Held by Population Groups

SOURCE: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System via FRED ® , Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=O2Kq , accessed April 6, 2021.

Figure 3 shows the share of total net worth held by each of those four groups. In 2021, the wealthiest 1% of the population (about 3.3 million households) held about one-third of total net worth; the next 9% (almost 30 million households) held a little more than one-third; the next 40% (about 133 million households) and the bottom 50% (about 166 million households) together held the rest—less than one-third of total net worth.

The data from the BOG show increasing wealth concentration since 1989, when the data first became available. 8 It is important to note that, over time, some individual households can move up or down between wealth groups, depending on the changing value of their assets. Also, some research suggests the particular nature of some economic fluctuations impacts some households' net worth more than others. For example, the real estate crash associated with the 2007-09 recession resulted in large losses for the poorest 50% of the population. 9

Does Inequality Matter?

The economic impact of growing income and wealth inequality in the United States is an intensely studied question. Economists are debating how to answer that question by analyzing data and creating mathematical models to study it. Because this is ongoing work, there is no single answer.

Some research shows that, in richer countries, more unequal income makes economic fluctuations more pronounced. 10 That finding means that the changes in overall income and employment known as business cycles become more dramatic. Moreover, statistical evidence suggests increased income inequality undermines economic growth due to lower educational achievements (and human capital) among poorer individuals and households. 11 As discussed earlier, education builds a person's human capital and is rewarded with higher income from employment. Finally, research suggests the increasing income and wealth inequality can undermine the use of monetary policy (as we know it) to maximize employment and ensure price stability. 12  

Inequality in individual economic outcomes arises from a combination of personal traits and social conditions. The distributions of income and wealth in a society can be measured in multiple ways: comparing the highest to the lowest earners, calculating an index describing how unequal income is among all individuals, and assessing people's financial wellbeing according to the value of their wealth holdings. Regardless of how we measure income and wealth inequality, their distributions in the United States are becoming more unequal. This trend is likely to impact economic life as we know it. More research is needed to figure out precisely how that may happen.

1 Obama, Barack. "Inaugural Address." January 21, 2013; https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/01/21/inaugural-address-president-barack-obama .

2 For an example of how the use of city maps to assess lending risk after the Great Depression influenced homeownership rates across population groups for decades afterward, see the following article: Mendez-Carbajo, Diego. "Neighborhood Redlining, Racial Segregation, and Homeownership." Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page One Economics , September 2021; https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/page1-econ/2021/09/01/neighborhood-redlining-racial-segregation-and-homeownership .

3 For more on gender and labor markets, see the following article: Mendez-Carbajo, Diego. "Gender and Labor Markets." Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page One Economics , January 2022; https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/page1-econ/2022/01/03/gender-and-labor-markets .

4 For more on aging and wealth inequality, see the following article: Vandenbroucke, Guillaume and Zhu, Heting. "Aging and Wealth Inequality." Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Economic Synopses , 2017, No. 2; https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/economic-synopses/2017/02/24/aging-and-wealth-inequality/ .

5 For a contribution to the ongoing debate about the relationship between monetary policy and income inequality, see the following article: Bullard, James. "Income Inequality and Monetary Policy: A Framework with Answers to Three Questions." Presented at the C. Peter McColough Series on International Economics, Council on Foreign Relations, New York, June 26, 2014; http://research.stlouisfed.org/econ/bullard/pdf/Bullard_CFR_26June2014_Final.pdf .

6 The following FRED® graph shows the income Gini ratio of all families, reported by the U.S. Census Bureau since 1947: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=MKYg .

7 For more on income inequality and the stock market, see the following articles: 

Bennett, Julie and Chien, YiLi. "The Large Gap in Stock Market Participation Between Black and White Households." Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Economic Synopses , 2022, No. 7; https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/economic-synopses/2022/03/28/the-large-gap-in-stock-market-participation-between-black-and-white-households/ . 

Owyang, Michael T. and Shell, Hannah G. "Taking Stock: Income Inequality and the Stock Market." Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Economic Synopses , 2016, No. 7; https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/economic-synopses/2016/04/29/taking-stock-income-inequality-and-the-stock-market/ .

8 For more about the change in wealth distribution over time, see the following post: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. "Comparing the Assets of the Rich, Poor, and Middle Class." FRED ® Blog , October 21, 2019; https://fredblog.stlouisfed.org/2019/10/comparing-the-assets-of-the-rich-poor-and-middle-class/ .

9 For more on how recessions impact household net worth, see the following article: Mendez-Carbajo, Diego. "How Recessions Have Affected Household Net Worth, 1990-2017: Uneven Experiences by Wealth Quantile." Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Economic Synopses , 2020, No. 38; https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/economic-synopses/2020/08/07/how-recessions-have-affected-household-net-worth-1990-2017-uneven-experiences-by-wealth-quantile .

10 For more on the relationship between inequality and economic fluctuations, see the following article: Iyigun, Murat F. and Owen, Ann L. "Income Inequality and Macroeconomic Fluctuations." Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System International Finance Discussion Papers , July 1997; https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/ifdp/income-inequality-and-macroeconomic-fluctuations.htm .

11 For more on the relationship between income inequality and economic growth, see the following article: Cingano, Federico. "Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth." Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD Social, Employment, and Migration Working Papers , 2014, No. 163; https://www.oecd.org/els/soc/trends-in-income-inequality-and-its-impact-on-economic-growth-sem-wp163.pdf .

12 For more on the relationship between income inequality and monetary policy, see the following article: Cairo, Isabel and Sim, Jae W. "Income Inequality, Financial Crises, and Monetary Policy." Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Finance and Economics Discussion Series , July 2018; https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/income-inequality-financial-crises-and-monetary-policy.htm .

© 2022, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect official positions of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis or the Federal Reserve System.

Asset: A resource with economic value that an individual, corporation, or country owns with the expectation that it will provide future benefits.

Gini index: A statistical measure of income inequality in a population that ranges from 0 (indicating absolute income equality) to 100 (indicating a perfectly inequal income distribution).

Household: A group of people living in the same home, regardless of their relationship to one another.

Income: The payment people receive for providing resources in the marketplace. When people work, they provide human resources (labor) and in exchange they receive income in the form of wages or salaries. People also earn income in the forms of rent, profit, and interest.

Liability: A legal responsibility to pay back money from a loan or other type of debt.

Net worth: The value of a person's assets minus the value of his or her liabilities.

Quintile: Any of five equal groups into which a population can be divided according to the distribution of values of a particular variable.

Wealth: The value of a person's assets accumulated over time.

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241 Inequality Essay Topics on Income, Gender, & Social Injustice

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🏆 Best Research Topics on Inequality

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• Racial Inequality in the USA: Problem & Solution In the current world, the USA still has challenges in overcoming racial inequality, for example, people practice racial inequality for job promotions or payments.
• Inequalities in China and India The paper states that inequalities in China and India are a big issue after looking at the drastic economic differences within the countries.
• The Problem of Social Inequality at Schools in Canada Social inequality at schools is a issue that undermines the effectiveness of secondary education and leads to long-term and short-term problems of individual and group nature.
• Determinants in Oral Health Inequalities The paper seeks to look at the existing inequalities in dental health. The paper also proposes ways that can be used to reduce these inequalities.
• Global Poverty, Inequality, and Mass Migration Such global issues as poverty and inequality and mass migration are significant today since many people are involved in them.
• India’s Policies to Tackle Poverty and Inequality This paper aims to identify potential policies in infrastructure and education and develop new options to deal with poverty and inequality in India.
• Brazil’ Poverty and Inequality Poverty in Brazil has been unresponsive to growth due to the challenges of eliminating inequality. The poverty eradication programs reduced the poverty rate.
• Gender Inequality as an International Issue The presentation is devoted to an issue: gender inequality. The inequality in career progression that is still characteristic of several societies all over the world.
• Injustice, Inequality, and the Quest for Inclusivity: Synthesis and Reflection It should be noted that injustice and inequality in American society, discrimination and oppression of citizens, and the issue of exclusivity of individuals are fundamental concepts.
• The Concept of Social Inequality The concept of social inequality is essential for making a global change and improving everyone’s quality of life since it reflects the problems on a societal level.
• Legal Issues of Racial Inequality The most serious consequences of discrimination on the basis of race are associated with violence and impairment of rights.
• Social Inequality and Juvenile Delinquency There is a high crime rate among adolescents. At the same time, as it is commonly believed, young people are considered to be the future of the country.
• Vulnerable Populations: Homeless People and Health Inequalities This paper focuses on vulnerable populations, including changing students’ perceptions of the homeless and the immense health inequalities associated with the homeless population.
• Economic Inequality as a Social Welfare Challenge Economic inequality as a notion stands for the disparities in the individuals’ incomes and wealth caused by various social, geographical, and financial aspects.
• Health Care Inequality: The Socio-Economic Factors This paper aims at outlining the socio-economic factors, particularly economic inequality, as the most significant cause for healthcare inequality in the USA.
• Racial and Ethnic Inequality Perception The paper stresses the essence of exploring the roots of racial and ethnic inequality in the United States to obtain a better sense of the people who are trying to stir this issue.
• Social Inequality at School The aim of this project is to contribute to the development of tailored solutions for the problems of Canadian school education.
• Inequality in Russia: Causes and Consequences This paper argues that corruption regional inequalities and bias policy framework are the causes of inequality in Russia.
• Social Inequalities’ Influences on Health There is a strong relationship between the contribution that society makes to the health of an individual and just how much social inequalities affect the health of an individual.
• Sex, Gender, and Inequalities In this paper, gender binarism, sexism, institutionalized gender, and sex patterns in the society are assessed. It is important in reviewing the differences between gender and sex.
• Gender Inequality in India and Iran Politics This paper explores the role of women in politics in India and Iran as the two countries have different nature of political gender inequalities.
• Social Problem of Inequality Studies of social inequality included non-urban areas and social inequality factors that had not been included in previous studies.
• Debate on Gender and Sex Inequalities The main aim of this paper was to analyze the distinction between gender and sex. The impacts of the two on social structures were highlighted.
• Colonialism, Inequality, and Modernity in European History The paper discusses the ideas of several political and social theorists, including Aimé Césaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Karl Marx.
• Social Inequality and Global Disparities There are still disparities in the globe based on opportunity, income, sex, age, handicap, sexual orientation, color, class, and ethnicity.
• The Gender-Based Pay Inequality Factors This research paper focuses on the factors that influence societal engagement in the widespread gender pay gap.
• Monetary Policy, Inequality, and Federal Reserve Interest Rates One of the most effective methods for advancing and improving financial knowledge is the use of legislation and public policy initiatives.
• The Persistence of Inequality From Different Perspectives This paper delves into the concept of inequality, highlighting its long-standing presence in society and its impact on both the global community and local communities.
• Addressing Global Inequality in the Era of Globalization While globalization has led to social, political, and economic increase, it has also given rise to global inequality, particularly through the exploitation of developing countries.
• Race and Sports: Inequality in Sports In her New York Times article “Equity in Sports Has Focused on Gender, Not Race. So Gaps Persist,” Alanis Thames discusses mass gender and racial inequality in sports.
• The Problem of Inequality in Crack and Powder Cocaine Sentencing The difference in perception and sentencing of cases of crack cocaine and powder cocaine raises a major inequality problem in legislation and society.
• Global Gender Inequality and Its Main Trends In this research study, the scholars investigate whether gender inequality is decreasing across the world as is the case with other welfare indicators.
• Pay Inequality and Its Impact on Women and Other Groups This article discusses pay inequality as demonstrated in the YouTube video “Child Social Experiment Looks at Gender Equality”.
• Economic Inequality and Its Relationship to Poverty This research paper will discuss the problem of economic inequality and show how this concept relates to poverty.
• Life of Humanity: Inequality, Poverty, and Tolerance The paper concerns the times in which humanity, and especially the American people, live, not forgetting about inequality, poverty, and tolerance.
• Gender Inequality for Men and Women Gender inequality in the US for men and women has significant consequences both in the family and in the professional sphere. Thus, in the family, inequality is primarily reflected in specific relationships between the genders, and it also affects parents’ roles. In the family, men may sometimes experience pressure and…
• Inequality in the Mayan Civilization The research used a thought-provoking methodology to discuss the reasons for inequality and regions of Maya settlement.
• Racial Inequality in Modern Society Racial discrimination and the inequality caused by it in relation to representatives of any non-white community is the most critical problem of modern society.
• Maintaining Hierarchical Interactions with Concealed Inequality in Language The objective of this research is to the connection between language, authority, and interpersonal interactions.
• Gender Inequality Among Women in Canada This paper seeks to discuss the approaches to gender inequality, the causes, impacts, and solutions to gender inequality among women in Canada.
• Racial Inequality Under the Law in Canada Black people in Canada have traditionally been segregated based on race through legislation, judicial rulings, and societal standards.
• Racial Inequality in Hiring and Workplace Racial discrimination involves denying people from a particular race equal treatment and opportunities as others due to variations in personal characteristics.
• Inequality Within the Australian Labour Market There is a need to identify the primary forms of imbalances in labor relations and analyze their consequences to propose possible solutions to the problem.
• Wealth Inequality and Redistribution: Robert Nozick’s Perspective Poverty and wealth inequality have been concerning society for a very long time. This paper examines Robert Nozick’s perspective concerning this issue.
• Capitalism as a Means of Promoting Inequality The degree to which capitalism has impacted the distribution of wealth and opportunities in society has shaped the course of events in the world.
• The Issue of Gender Inequality in Kenya Kenya is one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa with oppressive conditions, most preferably the gender inequality and marginalization of a specific proportion of the populace.
• Social Inequality in the United States Social inequality is a critical aspect in the United States since it is intertwined with economic, cultural, and political issues.
• Inequality in American Society: Myths and Realities Inequality in modern society is the result of an economic model of capitalism, where each person’s input into the economic context is valued.
• The Racial Inequality Problem in the US Racial inequality is a complex issue that requires the efforts of the whole society in the history of the United States.
• History and Effects of Racial Inequality in the United States Racial inequality in the United States is a widespread issue that affects a significant portion of the population.
• Addressing Economic Inequality: The Pandemic Challenge Economic inequality continues to be relevant to modern society, with the full range of human rights being available only to the wealthy minority.
• Economic Inequality and Pandemic Challenge The most vulnerable populations were affected by the coronavirus pandemic because they often could not access economic and public health resources to meet their needs.
• Economic Inequality Between Genders Discussions on the problems of gender inequality have been going on for decades that’s why the difference in the earnings between men and women is called the gender pay gap.
• Inequality and Poverty in the United States One of the most common myths is that the United States (US) is a meritocracy, where anyone can succeed if they maintain industriousness.
• Social Inequality and Human Rights in the Modern World This paper theorize civil rights to be the basis of developing the main social fields of education, healthcare, and career opportunities.
• Inspiration for Women to Address Inequality When you think about inequality, according to you, what kind of people face it now more than others? Blacks? Latinos? The right answer is women.
• Historical Review of Gender Inequality in the USA Gender inequality in society is a widespread problem worldwide, rooted in the patriarchal system and associated prejudices, and the United States is no exception in this regard.
• Pandemic Challenge and Economic Inequality The coronavirus pandemic has presented two significant challenges for American society: public health and economic crises.
• Inequality: The Lesson About Privilege There are several factors used to divide society into groups, and they can be based on age, nationality, poverty or wealth, skin color, and sexual orientation.
• Social Inequality: Challenges and Benefits Social inequality can be eliminated by massively investing in public finances to provide free education to everyone.
• Racial Inequality, Immigration, and Healthcare in the US This essay discusses racial inequality, immigration, and healthcare in America, focusing on the preferential treatment of different races in the U.S.
• The State of Women Inequality Worldwide Regardless of advancement toward gender impartiality in education, girls still represent a greater proportion of dropout children than boys.
• Racial Inequality in the Judicial System This essay will expound while offering some critiques and counter-arguments on why the justice offered by the justice system highly depends on the race of the convict.
• Globalization Impact on Socioeconomic Inequality This paper analyzes the link between globalization and socioeconomic inequality, and how the inequality problem can be mitigated.
• Economic Class Inequality in America The growing income inequality in America can no longer be neglected because it affects millions of people of different races and classes.
• Social Inequality and Discrimination in the US The problem of social inequality in the country has continued to widen the gap between the rich and the poor over the years.
• Racial and Ethnicity Inequality Racial and ethnic inequality is a national problem in the US. Non-dominant racial and ethnic groups have lower incomes and less access to medical services.
• Rising Crime and Ethnic Inequality in the United States The article raises the up-to-date topic of the sharp increase in the crime rate in the United States. The numbers are exceptionally high among African Americans and Latinos.
• Measuring Economic Inequality The measurement of economic inequality is challenged by the evidence of a wide partisan gap in whether inequality is a problem that needs addressing.
• Income Inequality: A Historical Review The problem of income inequality is of high social importance: it negatively affects the country’s economy and society.
• Inequality in the Texas Legislature Over the years, the constitution of the Texas Senate and state legislative chamber has always been discriminative against certain groups.
• Financial Inclusion and Income Inequality The effect of financial inclusion in overcoming income inequality depends on the government’s ability to create an enabling environment.
• The Hunger Games Book One: Inequality Problem Relation The first part of the trilogy Hunger Games tells about the despotic government, which organizes an annual demonstration game of survival, watched from the air by the whole world.
• Marketing and Interaction Through Social Media Platforms and Gender Inequalities The photos posted by individuals on their social media accounts reproduce gender inequalities and reinforce harmful gender identity norms.
• Racial and Ethnic Inequality: Annotated Bibliography An annotated bibliography on racial and ethnic inequality, exploring the topic in aspects of education and occupation, crimes, healthcare, and socioeconomic status.
• Misconceptions About Income Inequality Since the views on the current state of income inequality are diametrically opposite, it is essential to examine the exact situation on a global scale.
• “Measuring Inequality in Community Resilience to Natural Disasters” by Hong et al. This paper analyzes the scientific study “Measuring inequality in community resilience to natural disasters using large-scale mobility data” and the content of the article.
• Inequality Disparities in Georgia State The paper states that implementing evidence-based policymaking in the state of Georgia has the potential to eliminate equality disparities.
• Negative Consequences of Social Inequality This paper aims to prove social inequality has always led to negative consequences, analyze the injustice of the superiority of one gender, nation, or social group over another.
• “Inequality for All”: Arguments’ Study The film “Inequality for All” presents an idea that abolishing inequality is impossible in capitalism, and forcing such a system is strict socialism.
• Postapartheid South Africa: Understanding Inequality The abolition of the apartheid policy took place in harsh conditions, sometimes bordering on a civil war. This event was preceded by the radicalization of the black population.
• Concept of Educational Inequality The paper discusses the case of educational inequality. People share information with others by retweeting the post, taking a screenshot, or commenting on it.
• How Does Racial Inequality Play a Role in the US Culture? The topic of race is one of the most discussed in contemporary society. The paper explains how racial inequality plays a role in the United States culture.
• Racial Inequalities in the Context of Pandemic Vaccination To concretize the study, a current journalistic article in The New York Times was chosen to highlight racial inequalities in the context of pandemic vaccination.
• “Racial Inequality, at College and in the Workplace” by Johnson Despite the intentions to create an equal and unbiased society, many modern Americans still experience serious challenges based on racial or gender inequalities.
• Gender Inequality Articles by Beaumont vs. Eigenberg The purpose of this article is to analyze and compare two articles on gender inequality and gender bias as a cause of its prevalence.
• The PBS Interview on Income Inequality: Main Ideas The PBS interview on income inequality emphasizes the role of social class in the widening gap between the rich and the poor.
• Health Inequality in the United States Hospitals in the US should employ more health professionals from diverse ethnic backgrounds to overcome rising hindrances such as language barriers and promote equality.
• Gender Inequality in Ohio’s Education and Labor Market This paper provides an insight into the problems, solutions, and barriers to gender equality in the education and the labor market in Ohio state.
• Inequalities and Police Brutality Against the Black This paper aims to research racial inequality and hostile police attitudes towards the black population in the United States.
• Poverty in America: Socio-Economic Inequality The primary cause of poverty in the United States is socio-economic inequality since such ethnic minorities as Native Americans are among the poorest social groups in the US.
• McGuffey’s Justification of Inequality McGuffey’s references to morality imply that ideology is needed to assure the peaceful coexistence of unequal groups.
• The Attitude to Inequality of Two People The purpose of this paper is to analyze the experience, beliefs, ideas, and attitudes to inequality of two people who are not seen as normal by conservative society members.
• Effects of the Income Inequality After watching the CNBC video, that described how the middle-skill workers share has shrunk over time, I thought of my uncle, who was laid off from a steel company in the early 2000s.
• Why It Is Important to Fight Social Inequality Seems vital to take action and do something about this problem. The following paper will discuss why it is important to deal with social inequalities.
• Racial Inequality in Education: Remaining Problems In the essay, it will be argued that in education, the manifestations of racial inequality are still observed, although they often remain implicit and indirect.
• Income Inequality in Developed Countries This article describes the problem of income inequality in developed countries such as China, Germany, France, and the United States, and the reasons for this problem.
• Black Lives Matter: Fight Against the Inequality The Black Lives Matter reflected attitudes of black people of the country towards the killings caused by white cops. It implied the need to fight against the existing inequality.
• Inequality in Public Schools The history course was changed in 1954 when the US Supreme Court ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
• Activism and Social Theory: Inequality The issues of equality became central to the U. S. social, political, and economic agendas. This paper dwells upon the coloniality of power, knowledge, and gender in American society.
• Globalization and Economic Inequality The debate on the issue of economic inequality mitigation has been one of the central aspects of global discussion for decades.
• Gender Inequality in Modern Societies and Its Reasons The essay is devoted to gender inequality in modern societies and its reasons. A short history of society’s development that shows the reasons for inequality.
• Determinants of Oral Health Inequalities The aim of the paper is to get all the players in the dental field to appreciate the role played by good oral health and hence stay committed to promoting it.
• Ethnic Inequality: Black Lives Matter The question of ethnic inequality is rather pronounced in the USA, where occurrences of unfair treatment against African American individuals are recorded more and more often.
• The Problem of Inequality of Criminal Justice Pregnancy and maternity in correctional facilities are some of the controversial problems in criminal justice.
• The Issue of Inequality in the United States The current situation in the USA proves that the growing level of inequality is relevant as long as there are people who consider it normal.
• “Coming of Age in Mississippi”: Inequality in a Society In the book “Coming of Age in Mississippi” The NAACP movement encouraged its members to participate in activities that protest against racial injustice in society.
• Racial Inequality in the Job Market of the U.S. Inequalities in the labor market in the United States can cause a major breakdown of the economy. Guarding the labor market is the most important responsibility of the leaders.
• Women and Inequality in Aboriginal Society Aboriginal women have never had the same rights like Aboriginal men, who have respect to pass on “Indian status” to their children.
• ‘Racial’ and Ethnic Inequality in Western Europe and North America Media has been found to play a major role in the production of ethnic as well as racial inequality in the various structures of the contemporary societies.
• The Unfairness and Inequalities Present in the World To this end, the focus will be on the unfairness and inequalities present in the world and how they affect the victims.
• Confidentiality and Inequality as Human Resource Management Issues
• Economic Crisis and Inequality
• “Globalization, Poverty and Inequality” by Kaplinsky
• Continuing Inequalities in America
• Income Inequality in the Workplace: Feminist Responses
• Gender Inequality in Democratic Welfare States
• Educational Policy for Income Inequality in India
• Poverty and Inequality Reducing Policies in China
• Labor and Income Inequality in the U.S.
• Low Wages and Inequality Solutions in the USA
• Education and Inequality in Various Countries
• American Welfare State and Income Inequality
• Inequality in Developing States and Its Measures
• Social Inequality and Stratification in the US
• Racial Inequality: African-American Males Experience
• Gendered Society, Inequality and Violence
• Criminal Behavior, Structural and Social Inequality
• Trust and Inequality as Economic Influences
• Racial Minorities and European Immigrants Inequality
• Racism and Inequality in the United States
• Economic Inequality in Australia
• Wealth Inequality in the United States’ Society
• US Racial Inequality, Legislation and Immigration
• Income Inequality: Changes and Causes in the US
• Disparity or Inequality in Health Care
• Economy Studying: Income Inequality
• Inequality in Wealth Distribution in the US
• Wealth Inequality Effects on American Democracy
• Racial Gender Inequality in the United States
• Income Inequality and Discrimination in the US
• Inequality in Australia: Poverty Rates and Globalism
• Inequalities in the Health Care Arena
• International Development, Colonialism, Social Inequality and Class Stratification
• How Wealth Inequality Affects Democracy in America?
• Global Inequality: Gender, Racial and Ethnic Inequality
• What Are Some Examples of Inequality?
• Are Earnings Inequality and Mobility Overstated?
• What Is Human Inequality?
• What Are the Five Types of Inequality?
• Are People Inequality Averse, and Do They Prefer Redistribution by the State?
• Why Is Inequality Important in Society?
• Are Private Transfers Poverty and Inequality Reducing?
• What Is the Impact of Inequality in Our Society?
• How Does Inequality Threaten All Human Rights?
• Can Educational Expansion Improve Income Inequality?
• Where Does Inequality Occur?
• Can Growth Compensate Inequality and Risk?
• Does Inequality Cause Civil War in the US?
• Can Higher Education Reduce Inequality in Developing Countries?
• Does Inequality Lead to Social Unrest?
• What Is the Major Cause of Social Inequality and Conflict in Societies?
• What Is the Difference Between Poverty and Inequality?
• Can Income Inequality Contribute to Understanding Inequalities in Health?
• How Does Inequality Affect the Economy?
• Has Inequality Risen or Fallen Around the World?
• Did Partial Globalization Increase Inequality?
• What Are the Two Main Approaches to Explaining Inequality?
• Does Agriculture Help Poverty and Inequality Reduction?
• What Are the Indicators of Inequality?
• Does Consumption Inequality Track Income Inequality in Italy?
• What Are the Three Ways to Measure Inequality?
• Does Economic Inequality Affect Child Malnutrition?
• Does Financial Development Increase Rural-Urban Income Inequality?
• Does Gender Inequality Hinder Development and Economic Growth?
• What Determines Gender Inequality in Household Food Security in Kenya?
• Gender-based violence and its societal impact.
• The effects of media portrayals of women on gender inequality.
• Challenges and progress in women’s political representation.
• Transgender inequality in the workplace.
• Addressing gender inequalities in healthcare.
• The glass ceiling: women’s underrepresentation in corporate leadership.
• The role of language in perpetuating inequality.
• The impact of masculine societal norms on men’s mental health.
• The gender gap in financial literacy.
• Gender bias in AI algorithms and ways to address them.
• The link between income inequality and economic growth.
• Racial disparities in wealth accumulation.
• Is universal basic income a solution to economic inequality?
• The role of taxation and wealth redistribution in addressing income inequality.
• The link between income inequality and access to healthcare and education.
• The likelihood of escaping poverty in the US.
• The connection between income inequality and social unrest.
• How does the gig economy promote economic inequality?
• The role of trade and global supply chains in income inequality.
• The impact of the housing market on wealth inequality.

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StudyCorgi. (2022, January 16). 241 Inequality Essay Topics on Income, Gender, & Social Injustice. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/inequality-essay-topics/

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StudyCorgi . "241 Inequality Essay Topics on Income, Gender, & Social Injustice." January 16, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/inequality-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2022. "241 Inequality Essay Topics on Income, Gender, & Social Injustice." January 16, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/inequality-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Inequality were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 8, 2024 .

Home — Essay Samples — Economics — Economic Issues — Income Inequality

Essays on Income Inequality

Income inequality is a pressing issue that affects societies globally. As such, it is an important topic for academic discussion and analysis. When selecting an income inequality essay topic, it is crucial to choose a subject that is both relevant and interesting. The chosen topic should also allow for in-depth research and analysis. This will ensure that the essay is engaging, informative, and thought-provoking.

Income inequality is a multifaceted issue that has far-reaching implications for individuals and society as a whole. By selecting the right essay topic, students can explore various aspects of income inequality and its impact on different facets of life, such as education, healthcare, and social mobility. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of the issue and encourages critical thinking and discussion.

When selecting an income inequality essay topic, it is important to consider the student's interests, the availability of research material, and the potential for original analysis. Students should also consider the relevance of the topic to current societal and economic trends. Additionally, choosing a topic that allows for the exploration of different perspectives and potential solutions can lead to a more engaging and impactful essay.

Recommended Income Inequality Essay Topics

Income inequality is a prominent issue in society, and writing an essay on this topic can help to raise awareness and spark important discussions. Here is a list of income inequality essay topics to consider:

Economic Impact

• The relationship between income inequality and economic growth
• The impact of income inequality on consumer spending
• Income inequality and its effect on poverty rates
• The role of income inequality in financial crises
• Globalization and its impact on income inequality

Social Impact

• Income inequality and access to quality education
• The effects of income inequality on healthcare disparities
• Income inequality and its influence on crime rates
• The relationship between income inequality and social mobility
• Income inequality and its impact on mental health

Policy and Solutions

• Strategies to reduce income inequality through tax reform
• The role of minimum wage policies in addressing income inequality
• Universal basic income as a solution to income inequality
• The impact of social welfare programs on income inequality
• The role of education and skill development in reducing income inequality

Gender and Income Inequality

• The gender wage gap and its contribution to income inequality
• Income inequality and women's access to leadership positions
• The intersection of race, gender, and income inequality
• Gender-based discrimination and its impact on income inequality
• Policies and initiatives to address gender-based income disparities

Geographical Disparities

• Rural vs. urban income inequality: A comparative analysis
• The impact of income inequality on regional economic development
• Income inequality and access to resources in developing countries
• Income inequality in specific regions (e.g., Appalachia, the Rust Belt)
• The role of infrastructure and public services in addressing geographical income disparities

By choosing a topic from the above list, students can delve into various aspects of income inequality and contribute to the ongoing dialogue on this critical issue. Each topic provides ample opportunities for in-depth research, analysis, and the exploration of potential solutions.

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Home / Essay Samples / Economics / Economic Inequality

Economic Inequality Essay Examples

Urban crisis essay.

The urban crisis is a complex combination of interrelated factors, and it should define separately by the term urban and crisis. In this urban crisis essay this topic is discussed. Urban is the living space of humans and urbanization is the product of social and...

Answering Whether Can Justice and Forgiveness Go Hand in Hand

Can justice and forgiveness go hand in hand when white schools get more money than non-white schools? Everyone should be equal not just whites and within “Can justice and forgiveness go hand in hand?” essay I will explain why.  The article “How Much Wealthier Are...

Analysis of the Reasons Why Minimum Wage Should Be Raised

Increasing the minimum wage for the United States has been an area that recently has had many questions sprouting into existence such as showing reasons why minimum wage should be raised. The essay reveals this debate as it is going on for several years. In...

Capitalism and Inequality: a Complex Relationship

In the landscape of economic systems, capitalism stands tall as a defining pillar of modern society. Rooted in private ownership, free markets, and individual entrepreneurship, capitalism has propelled nations toward prosperity and progress. However, this intricate economic tapestry is also interwoven with concerns of inequality,...

Equality and Justice: the Relation Between Economics and Human Rights

In this equality and justice essay I will discuss how Economic Efficiency is required for the functioning of the government and how it addresses a different set of tangibles in comparison to human rights law using taxation. I will be discussing it using themes of...

Gap Between Rich and Poor: Problem of Economic Disparity

In my opinion, providing welfare aid to the needy is a matter of justice for eliminating economic inequality between rich and poor, thus solving the problems brought by income disparities. Besides, people should not be allowed to have insufficient food and even risk suffering from...

Economic Inequity and Injustice in Africa

An unfortunate trend has arisen in Africa that involves the enrichment of select groups of people, often at the expense of others. In particular, various parts of Africa could now be accurately characterized by “the fragmentation of public authority and emergence of multiple forms of...

Income in the United States Today

Talking about money is hard for some people. Asking for money is even harder. People are afraid to deal with money issue. We as people have a hard time confronting our problems and would rather run away from them instead of face them head on....

Effects of Corruption Behavior on the Economic Development

Corruption is acknowledged to be widespread. Concern about corruption is driven by its widely accepted pernicious effects. It undermines the rule of law, sound governance, and competitive business transactions, distorts social and human values, and raises political and moral concerns. According to Transparency International’s 2003...

Analysis of Anthony Atkinson’s Book on Economic Inequality

Inequality has been a noticeable public issue; however distributional problems are still avoided by majority of economists. Anthony Atkinson is a well-known economist that channelled his studies on the issues of social justice and public policies. In Atkinson’s book Inequality, he puts those issues in...

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What is an Economics Essay?

An economics essay is a written piece that explores economic theories, concepts, and their real-world applications. It involves analyzing economic issues, presenting arguments, and providing evidence to support ideas. 

The goal of an economics essay is to demonstrate an understanding of economic principles and the ability to critically evaluate economic topics.

Why Write an Economics Essay?

Writing an economics essay serves multiple purposes:

• Demonstrate Understanding: Showcasing your comprehension of economic concepts and their practical applications.
• Develop Critical Thinking: Cultivating analytical skills to evaluate economic issues from different perspectives.
• Apply Theory to Real-World Contexts: Bridging the gap between economic theory and real-life scenarios.
• Enhance Research and Analysis Skills: Improving abilities to gather and interpret economic data.
• Prepare for Academic and Professional Pursuits: Building a foundation for success in future economics-related endeavors.

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If you’re wondering, ‘how do I write an economics essay?’, consulting an example essay might be a good option for you. Here are some economics essay examples:

Short Essay About Economics

A Level Economics Essay Examples

Here is an essay on economics a level structure:

Band 6 Economics Essay Examples

Here are some downloadable economics essays:

Economics essay pdf

Economics essay introduction

Economics Extended Essay Examples

In an economics extended essay, students have the opportunity to delve into a specific economic topic of interest. They are required to conduct an in-depth analysis of this topic and compile a lengthy essay. 

Here are some potential economics extended essay question examples:

• How does foreign direct investment impact economic growth in developing countries?
• What are the factors influencing consumer behavior and their effects on market demand for sustainable products?
• To what extent does government intervention in the form of minimum wage policies affect employment levels and income inequality?
• What are the economic consequences of implementing a carbon tax to combat climate change?
• How does globalization influence income distribution and the wage gap in developed economies?

IB Economics Extended Essay Examples 

IB Economics Extended Essay Examples

Economics Extended Essay Topic Examples

Extended Essay Research Question Examples Economics

Tips for Writing an Economics Essay

Writing an economics essay requires specific expertise and skills. So, it's important to have some tips up your sleeve to make sure your essay is of high quality:

• Start with a Clear Thesis Statement: It defines your essay's focus and argument. This statement should be concise, to the point, and present the crux of your essay.
• Conduct Research and Gather Data: Collect facts and figures from reliable sources such as academic journals, government reports, and reputable news outlets. Use this data to support your arguments and analysis and compile a literature review.
• Use Economic Theories and Models: These help you to support your arguments and provide a framework for your analysis. Make sure to clearly explain these theories and models so that the reader can follow your reasoning.
• Analyze the Micro and Macro Aspects: Consider all angles of the topic. This means examining how the issue affects individuals, businesses, and the economy as a whole.
• Use Real-World Examples: Practical examples and case studies help to illustrate your points. This can make your arguments more relatable and understandable.
• Consider the Policy Implications: Take into account the impacts of your analysis. What are the potential solutions to the problem you're examining? How might different policies affect the outcomes you're discussing?
• Use Graphs and Charts: These help to illustrate your data and analysis. These visual aids can help make your arguments more compelling and easier to understand.
• Proofread and Edit: Make sure to proofread your essay carefully for grammar and spelling errors. In economics, precision and accuracy are essential, so errors can undermine the credibility of your analysis.

These tips can help make your essay writing journey a breeze. Tailor them to your topic to make sure you end with a well-researched and accurate economics essay.

To wrap it up , writing an economics essay requires a combination of solid research, analytical thinking, and effective communication. 

You can craft a compelling piece of work by taking our examples as a guide and following the tips.

However, if you are still questioning "how do I write an economics essay?", it's time to get professional help from the best essay writing service -  CollegeEssay.org.

Our economics essay writing service is always ready to help students like you. Our experienced economics essay writers are dedicated to delivering high-quality, custom-written essays that are 100% plagiarism free.

Also try out our AI essay writer and get your quality economics essay now!

Barbara P (Literature)

Barbara is a highly educated and qualified author with a Ph.D. in public health from an Ivy League university. She has spent a significant amount of time working in the medical field, conducting a thorough study on a variety of health issues. Her work has been published in several major publications.

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Persuasive Essay: Water Inequality

Read and analyze this essay for the argumentative essay analysis assignment.

Note: HTML/plain text & Pressbooks do not always display page layout or APA formatting such as page numbers, spacing, margins or indentation accurately. Please review APA formatting rules to ensure you meet APA guidelines with your own work. The text version is included here in HTML format for ease of reading/use. You may also want to View Water Inequity: Sample essay in PDF format .

Water Inequity

Emily Cramer

     Clean drinking water is not a luxury and access to it is not a privilege for most people living in the developed world. But for one group of Canadians, it is an elusive resource. Many people living on First Nations reserves across the country are unable to drink or bathe in water from the taps in their homes, and that is where piped water even exists. Lengthy boil advisories have been in place in some cases for more than twenty years. This problem is not merely the result of inadequate water systems but of the ongoing exclusion of Indigenous peoples and the failure to view their rights as equal, and related, to those of other Canadians. The government of Canada has a responsibility to provide clean drinking water to Indigenous reserves not only because access to water is a human right, but also because the lack of water is a direct result of racial marginalization and a failure to recognize that the well-being of one group of Canadians affects the well-being of all.

     In 2010, the United Nations acknowledged that access to clean drinking water is a human right, and many other institutions support this definition: “According to both the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, clean drinking water is a fundamental human right” (Erin, 2021, para. 1). In 2015, aware of a vast rights inequity to Indigenous Canadians, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau committed to ending all long-term drinking water advisories in Indigenous communities by March 2021. However, as of February 2022, there were still 38 advisories in place, and the government delayed the deadline to 2026 (Government of Canada, 2022). Canada has 20% of the world’s freshwater reserves, yet many Indigenous communities have gone without access to clean,  potable water for decades. This obvious human rights violation should not be occurring in a developed nation, particularly one as committed to equity as Canada.

     Why does this water shortage exist? The problem of water access on reserves has many causes, but it stems, at least in part, from the racial marginalization of First Nations people. “Indigenous exclusion… is the bedrock factor in maintaining Indigenous water insecurity” (Hanrahan, 2017, para. 4). Most Canadians benefit from strict government regulations over water supplies, but the Canadian government has been reluctant to extend those benefits to its Indigenous people. Often, reserves are in remote locations, and water treatment plants are required to service those areas. Where they exist, these plants have not been regulated to ensure safety. The resulting systems are not only faulty, they have been inadequately maintained due to a lack of funding. These problems have persisted for so long, minor maintenance is no longer possible; in some cases, total system overhauls are required to finally end boil advisories. To make matters worse, traditional water sources are not an alternative as they are often affected by pollution from high-population areas. “[Waterways have been] degraded by activities that occur far from reserves and traditional lands” (Assembly of First Nations, n.d., para. 7). The resulting potable water shortage on reserves points to the government’s racial marginalization of its First Nations people.

     Yet in today’s global community, it is increasingly clear that marginalizing one group has an impact on everyone because of human interconnectedness. The struggles and successes of one affect all. Apart from obvious outcomes such as the impact on Canada’s health care system when people are exposed to unsafe drinking water, the health of Canada’s First Nations communities is important to the country in other ways. Indigenous contributions to environmental protection are significant: “Around the world, where Indigenous rights to their lands are strong, biodiversity, and climate-critical carbon stores are better protected” (Skene, 2020, para. 3). First Nations’ entrepreneurship has a profound impact on the Canadian economy: “Indigenous people represent the fastest growth segment of the population [and are] a driving force of Canada’s long-term economic stability” (Amanto, 2020, para. 1). Moreover, Indigenous culture plays a vital role in the diversity, history, and richness of Canadian culture. The interconnection between living things is emphasized in Indigenous teaching, and it provides a lesson that Western governments need to learn.

     The scarcity of clean drinking water on many First Nations reserves in Canada is a stark reminder of ongoing racism and inequity within the country. No one should struggle to access water in a water-rich nation like Canada. This human rights breach points directly to the failure of the government to extend the same protections and funding to First Nations people that it does to the rest of Canada. And although this failure is the product of racial marginalization aimed at one group, its outcome affects all Canadians.

Amanto, D. (2020, June 18). Indigenous entrepreneurship in Canada: The impact and the opportunity. RBC Royal Bank. https://discover.rbcroyalbank.com/indigenous-entrepreneurship-in-canada-the-impact-and-the-opportunity/

Erin, F. (2021). Clean drinking water for First Nations: Overview. Canadian Points of View: Clean Drinking Water for First Nations.

Hanrahan, M. (2017). Water (in)security in Canada: National identity and the exclusion of Indigenous peoples. B ritish Journal of Canadian Studies, 30(1), 69-89. https://doi-org.georgian.idm.oclc.org/10.3828/bjcs.2017.4

Assembly of First Nations. (n.d.). Honouring water. https://www.afn.ca/honoring-water

Government of Canada. (2022). Short-term drinking water advisories. https://sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1562856509704/1562856530304

Skene, J. (2020). Indigenous-led land protection is key to Canada’s future. NRDC. https://www.nrdc.org/experts/jennifer-skene/indigenous-led-land-protection-key-canadas-future

Attribution & References

Except where otherwise noted, this chapter is adapted from “ Persuasion ” from Communication Essentials for College by Amanda Quibell & Emily Cramer, Georgian College is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 ./ Adaptations include removal of content related to persuasive writing, structuring a persuasive essay, creating an introduction and thesis, opposing ideas and limits to arguments, bias in writing, using “ I” , and using visual elements to strengthen arguments.

• “Water Inequity: Evidence of Racial Marginalization in Canada” (sample persuasive essay) by Emily Cramer is licensed under CC-BY-NC 4.0

Persuasive Essay: Water Inequality Copyright © by Carrie Molinski and Sue Slessor is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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