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A1. Modal Verbs: Can & Could

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A1. Modal Verbs: Can & Could

This complete Powerpoint lesson introduces beginners to the modal verbs  'can'  and  'could'. This presentation leads your students through the basic concept of using modal verbs for ability and possibility. it features a variety of visual prompts and dynamic graphics to encourage students to speak and use the forms. There are also a variety of assessment exercise throughout. This lesson is ideal for beginners. It is a great supplement for lessons using lots of dull cloze exercises as it encourages students to actually speak and use the language in an authentic way.

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Modal Verbs (Grammar Club)

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Constructions and Frames

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When an ambiguous lexical item appears within a familiar string of words, it can instantly receive an appropriate interpretation from this context, thus being saturated by it. Such a context may also short-circuit illocutionary and other pragmatic aspects of interpretation. We here extract from the British National Corpus over 500 internally highly collocating and high-frequency lexical n-grams up to 5 words containing have to, must, need to, and/or should. These contexts-as-constructions go some way toward allowing us to group these four necessity modals into clusters with similar semantic and pragmatic properties and to determine which of them is semantico-pragmatically most unlike the others. It appears that have to and need to cluster most closely together thanks to their shared environments (e.g., you may have/need to…, expressing contingent, mitigated necessity), while should has the largest share of unique n-grams (e.g., rhetorical Why shouldn’t I…?, used as a defiant self-ex...

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This paper explores a corpus-informed approach to teaching of the modal and semi-modal of necessity and obligation, must and have to, according to their variations found across the spoken and academic registers. The Corpus of Contemporary American English (Davies, 2008) was used for researching this variation in use in order to create more descriptive grammar lessons and practice for Dutch students in English as a Foreign Language classroom and individuals from various countries and language backgrounds in an English as a Second Language context allowing students to obtain a more native-like use of the aforementioned modal and semi-modal. The instructional plans contained herein are designed for use in EFL classrooms at the intermediate level as well as ESL students ranging from low intermediate level to low advanced.

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Modal Verbs.

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Presentation on theme: "Modal Verbs."— Presentation transcript:

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Modal Verbs

Sep 28, 2014

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Modal Verbs. By: Erika Guadalupe Umbral Hernández. Definition. The verbs can, could, may, might, must, needn´t, ought to, should, shall, will are Modal auxiliary verbs. This small group of verbs give additional information about the mood of the main verb that follows it.

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Modal Verbs By: Erika Guadalupe Umbral Hernández

Definition The verbs can, could, may, might, must, needn´t, ought to, should, shall, willare Modal auxiliary verbs. This small group of verbs give additional information about the mood of the main verb that follows it. They help to incorporate or add the level of necessity, obligation, requirement, recommendation , certainty, and possibility.

Definition • They are before other verbs. She can swim • They have the same form in all persons. • Modal Verbs do not take “- s “ in third person. I willcall you tomorrow She willcall you tomorrow • They are followed by the root form of another verb She muststudyfor her exams NOT studies • They do not for all the tenses

Negative Form We make the negative form of modal verbs by putting NOT after the modal verb, or we use contractions. For example: Cannot------------Can´t Could not --------Couldn´t Might not---------Mightn´t Must not----------Mustn´t Need--------------Needn´t You Musn´t park here Should-------------Shouldn´ • won'tis the contracted form of will no • Shan'tis the contracted form of Shall not • May doesn´t have contracted form . The correct form is Maynot • Ought to lose the “to” in negative form. We say Oughtnot P

Interrogative Form When we form questions the modal verbs are before the subject follow the main verb • Modal verbs form questions without the auxiliary verb do/ does. Can you help me, Dad? Modal Subject Main Verb Verb

Bonjour monsieur Can • We use Can to express: • Ability Betty can Speak French • PermissionCan I go out, Mom? • RequestCan I have some more cake, please? • We useCan´twhen we think that something is impossible • You´ve just had dinner. You can´t be hungry already ( It is impossible that you´re hungry )

Could • It is the past tense of can, but also it has future meanings • Past ability: It could swim fast when I was young • future meaning: It could rain this afternoon (it is possible that there will be) • Could has the same uses that Can to express • Ability Whe I was young ,I could see better • PermissionCould I go to the party on Sunday? • RequestCould you help me, pelase?

May • The modal Verb May is more formal than Can. We use it to ask permission to do something when we do not know the other person very well. May I show you something, Sir? Formal Can I show you something, Dad? Informal

Must • Itshows that it is necessary for someone to do something • I must pass the entrance examination to study in this school • Also we use must to make a deduction from information that we know it is true • .Certainly: You have been travelling all day, You must be tired .

Must • Besides we use must to express an obligation • You must be here before midnight. • On the other hand Mustn´t shows that it is wrong to do something. It expresses prohibition. • You musn´t go on. Wait your turn.

Should • This modal verb is used to express advice or recomendation. • You should focus more on your family and less on work • When you go to Mexico city, You should, visit public square. Should Vs Must: Should gives definite advince. Must however shows a strong necessity. • You should stop smoking = it would be a good idea • You must stop smoking= it´s necessary to do it

Might • We use might to make a deduction when we don´t know to have enough information to be sure. It is possible that there will be true. • Might is considerated the past tense of may , but it is used in present or future statements. Possibility: Where is my purse? It might be in the living room.

Ought to • It is considerated the synonymuos of should • It is used to advise or make recomendations • You oughtto to go with someone to the party The negative form Ought not is used to advince against doing something • They ought not carry so much cash while travelling.

Needn´t • This modal verb shows that it isn´t necessary to do something. It express a lack of necessity. • You needn´t buy more bread. We have a lot. • Whe we want to know if its necesary to do something, we ask questions with must, the negative answer is needn´t not musn´t • Must I clean all the house? No , you needn´t. Notmusn´t

Shall • The use of shall as a form of will in modern English is decreasing. It is more common to hear it in the United Kingdom. It is usually used in the United States within formal situations. • It is more common to use shall only with I or We • We use Shall to express an offer • Shall I help you clean the house? • Shall We dance?

Will • We use will to ask someone to do something for us (request). • Willl you help me fix the car, please? • When we make a voluntarie promise to do something • I’ll call you tomorrow Salir

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Modal Verbs presentation

Subject: English

Age range: 7-11

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Last updated

12 January 2015

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MODAL VERBS

What are modal verbs?

They are a special group of verbs which follow certain rules.

When do we use modal verbs?

We use modal verbs to express ability, prohibition, advice, probability and possibility.

What are the rules for modal verbs?

1. SAME FORM FOR ALL PERSONS

Iyouheshe mustitwethey

2. NO AUXILIARY VERB FOR NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE FORMS

I should...

I shouldn't...

or... should I?

They don't can... Does she must?

3. MODAL VERBS ARE FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO

I must to go now

EXCEPTIONS!!!!

NEED TO OUGHT TO (same as SHOULD but more formal)

4. THEY ONLY HAVE ONE TENSE: PRESENT OR PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

COULD is considered the past of CAN

MUST/HAVE TO obligation But... what is the difference???

Have to: external obligationsMust: personal obligations

Have to is a normal verbMust is a modal verb

have/has to

Have to (tener que) Must (deber)

to be able to

am/is/are able to

was/were able to

been able to

Be able to is the verb to be, a normal verbCan/Could are modal verbs

Polite request: Could you open the window, please? Possibility: They say it could rain today.

SER CAPAZ DE

PODER (HABILIDAD Y POSIBILIDAD) I can play the guitar (ABILITY) We can meet our friends at the bar again. (POSSIBILITY) Can you help me? (POSSIBILITY, INFORMAL)

ABILITY IN THE PAST: I could ride a bike when I was four. POSSIBILITY IN THE PRESENT/FUTURE: Present: The phone is ringing, it could be your father. Present: Could you help me? (FORMAL REQUEST) Future: They say it could rain tomorrow.

To be continued...

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