jobs for phd in forensic psychology

Get Your Ph.D. in Forensic Psychology – Everything You Need to Know in 2024

What’s in this guide, at a glance, why get a phd in forensic psychology, entry requirements for a forensic psychology phd program, what’s covered in a forensic psychology phd program, how much does a phd in forensic psychology cost, job placement and alumni network, cost and financial aid, location and career opportunities, faculty expertise, cultural and diversity considerations, what jobs can you do with a phd in forensic psychology, how much can you earn with a phd in forensic psychology, best forensic psychology phd programs.

By psychologyjobs.com Staff Writer

A PhD in forensic psychology represents the highest level of academic achievement in the field, blending the principles of psychology with the workings of the criminal justice system. This advanced degree prepares individuals to understand and assess human behavior within the context of the legal system typically as a forensic psychologist but this degree opens up a wealth of lucrative career opportunities.

A  forensic psychologist  is a professional who applies the principles of psychology to the legal system. They work in a variety of settings, including courtrooms, correctional facilities, and law enforcement agencies.

The PhD program typically takes around 4-6 years to complete and requires extensive coursework in both psychology and law. In addition to coursework, students will be required to complete research projects and often  clinical practicums .

Areas of study; forensic assessment and evaluation, criminal behavior and victimology, ethics and psychopathology.

There are a multitude of reasons why students pursue a PhD in forensic psychology, here are a few key reasons to consider it:

Higher earning potential

Individuals with a PhD in forensic psychology are typically able to earn higher salaries than those with only a  master’s degree  or  bachelor’s degree . The American Psychological Association (APA)’s  Graduate Study in Psychology  found individuals with a doctoral degree in psychology earn a median annual salary of a little under $100,000 vs master’s degree in psychology holders earn a median annual salary of $70,000.

Additionally, specializing in forensic psychology will likely result in higher career lifetime earnings than other psychology subfields. According to the APA, the median annual salary for forensic psychologists is $97,200 in 2019, which is 18% higher than the median salary for psychologists overall.

Solid job prospects (and career flexibility)

A PhD in forensic psychology can prepare individuals for a variety of careers in both the public and private sectors, including academia, research, government agencies, and private practice.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that employment of psychologists overall will grow by 3% from 2019 to 2029. However, employment in specialized areas such as forensic psychology may grow at a faster rate due to an increased demand for forensic services in the criminal justice system.

Advance your knowledge and your network

A PhD in forensic psychology provides individuals with an advanced understanding of both psychology and the legal system. This can lead to a deeper understanding of criminal behavior and the ability to conduct complex forensic evaluations and assessments.

PhD programs in general offer excellent networking opportunities with peers, faculty and partnerships with the industry that can set your network up for your entire career.

• Bachelor’s or Master’s Degree:  A  master’s degree in psychology , criminology, or a related field.
• Minimum GPA of 3.0
• Letters of Recommendation
• Personal Statement
• Research Experience:  PhD programs may require applicants to have prior research experience, such as working as a research assistant, conducting independent research projects, or presenting research findings at conferences.
• Interview:  Some PhD programs may require applicants to participate in an interview with faculty members to assess their fit for the program.

A PhD in forensic psychology provides students with an in-depth understanding of psychology and the legal system, as well as the research and clinical skills necessary to conduct high-quality research and provide effective clinical services.

Here is an overview of the topics frequently covered:

• Psychology and the Legal System:  the role of psychology in the legal system, and ethical considerations for forensic psychologists.
• Forensic Assessment:  the assessment of individuals involved in the legal system, including competency to stand trial, criminal responsibility, and risk assessment.
• Criminal Behavior:  theories and research on criminal behavior, including the psychological factors that contribute to criminal behavior.
• Research Methods:  research design, data analysis, and statistics.
• Clinical Training:  clinical training in forensic assessment, interviewing techniques, and report writing.
• Elective Courses:  choose from a variety of elective courses that align with your research interests, such as victimology, forensic neuropsychology, or the psychology of terrorism.

Here is a sample curriculum for a forensic psychology PhD program:

• Psychology and the Legal System
• Research Methods and Statistics
• Cognitive and Affective Bases of Behavior
• Social Psychology
• Ethics and Professional Issues in Forensic Psychology

Second Year

• Forensic Assessment and Evaluation
• Psychopathology and Personality Assessment
• Criminal Behavior and Victimization
• Advanced Research Methods
• Elective Course 1
• Advanced Forensic Assessment and Evaluation
• Advanced Topics in Criminal Behavior
• Legal and Professional Issues in Forensic Psychology
• Elective Course 2
• Practicum in Forensic Assessment and Evaluation

Fourth Year

• Advanced Research Seminar
• Advanced Topics in Forensic Psychology
• Elective Course 3
• Dissertation Proposal Development
• Dissertation Research and Writing
• Clinical Supervision
• Advanced Elective Course
• Advanced Practicum in Forensic Assessment and Evaluation

According to the APA’s Graduate Study in Psychology report, the average tuition and fees for a PhD program in psychology for the 2020-2021 academic year were $11,248 for in-state students at public institutions and $38,686 for out-of-state students at public institutions. Private institutions had an average tuition and fees of $37,124.

It’s important to note that these figures are for all types of psychology PhD programs, not just forensic psychology.

Many PhD programs provide financial support to students in the form of  scholarships , assistantships, and  fellowships . These opportunities can help offset the cost of tuition and living expenses, although the availability and amount of financial support may vary by institution and program.

What to look for in a PhD program

It can be overwhelming with so many PhD programs out there and so many factors to consider. Choosing a program in forensic psychology is a significant decision that will impact the trajectory of your career. Here are a few key ways to compare programs/institutions:

Research the program’s job placement rates for graduates and the types of positions they obtain. A strong alumni network can provide support and job opportunities post-graduation.

The cost of tuition and fees for a PhD program in forensic psychology can vary widely depending on the institution and location. Consider the overall cost of the program, as cost of living varies considerably around the country. Consider also the availability of financial aid such as  scholarships , grants,  fellowships , and assistantships.

The location of the institution can impact the availability of career opportunities and resources. Proximity to courts, correctional facilities, or other related institutions might provide practical experience opportunities. Additionally, consider the quality of research facilities, labs, libraries, and other resources.

Consider also the future potential career opportunities in the area, as well as the quality of life (and as discussed, the cost of living) in the location.

The expertise and research interests of the faculty members in the program can impact the quality of education and training that students receive. Review faculty members and their areas of expertise ahead of committing to a program.

Check if the program fosters diversity and inclusivity. This can shape your educational experience and better prepare you for working with diverse populations. A study published in “ Training and Education in Professional Psychology ” emphasized the importance of multicultural competency in psychology training.

A PhD in forensic psychology can open up a wide range of career opportunities for individuals interested in the intersection of psychology and the legal system:

• Forensic Psychologist :  assess offenders, provide expert testimony in court, and advise on issues like parole.
• Correctional Psychologist: work in correctional facilities, providing counseling and treatment to inmates and conducting assessments to determine appropriate levels of security and supervision.  Explore available correctional psychology positions .
• Professor :  academic faculty member who teaches courses in psychology and  conducts research in the field .
• Researcher:  conduct research in areas such as criminal behavior, lie detection, witness credibility, or the reliability of eyewitness testimony. This could be in academic settings, government agencies, or private research firms.
• Expert Witness:  provide expert testimony in court cases on matters such as criminal responsibility, risk assessment, and mental health.
• Forensic Evaluator:  evaluate individuals involved in the legal system, such as defendants, witnesses, or victims, to assess their mental health and other factors.
• Forensic Consultant:  consult with law enforcement agencies on matters such as criminal investigations, hostage negotiations, and crisis management.
• Law enforcement:  there are a variety of positions in law enforcement which either require or encourage an education in forensic psychology e.g. border patrol agent however many of these do not require education to a PhD level.
• Consultant for Legal Firms: offer insights on jury selection, witness preparation, or how psychological principles might impact a case.
• Policy Advisor:  Work with government agencies to develop or refine policies related to criminal justice, corrections, or mental health based on psychological principles and research.
• Private Practice:  Provide therapy and counseling services, often specializing in areas related to trauma, crime, or the aftermath of legal issues.
• Director of Forensic Services:  Oversee forensic services in mental health institutions or correctional facilities, ensuring that practices align with current standards and research.

Specializing in forensic psychology will likely result in higher career lifetime earnings than other psychology subfields. According to the APA, the median annual salary for forensic psychologists is $97,200 in 2019, which is 18% higher than the median salary for psychologists overall.

• Forensic Psychologist :  $101,000 annual salary
• Professor :  $85,050 annual salary
• Research Psychologist :  $79,000
• Correctional Psychologist: $65,000 – $95,000
• Expert Witness: Salaries can vary greatly due to the nature of the work, but experienced psychologists can charge $200 – $600 per hour or more when testifying.
• Forensic Evaluator: $70,000 – $95,000
• Criminal Profiler: $50,000 – $100,000, with those in federal roles (like the FBI) potentially earning more.
• Police Consultant: $60,000 – $95,000
• Consultant for Legal Firms: $70,000 – $150,000+, depending on experience and the scope of consultation.
• Policy Advisor: $55,000 – $120,000
• Private Practice: Earnings can vary widely based on client fees, specialization, and location but $200,000+ is not uncommon.
• Director of Forensic Services: $90,000 – $150,000+

Top 3 Job Options with a Forensic Psychology PhD

Professionals who are excited about forensic psychology must have unique skills in reading people, researching the actions of criminals, and finding clues about how crimes occur. The justice system often calls Forensic Psychologists to act as expert witnesses or legal professionals . Here, they testify in cases or criminal trials involving criminal actions of individuals. Given the importance of the expertise in this field, forensic psychology degrees require a Ph.D., taking as many as seven years to acquire. Most minors include Clinical Psychology, Social Psychology, or Organizational Psychology. The top three most common job options for a Forensic Psychologist are Crime Scene Consultant, Researcher, and Criminal Profiler.

Crime Scene Consultant

Sometimes called crime scene investigators, many consultants work in the behavioral science unit or division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The job requires them to investigate crime scenes, collect and preserve evidence. Finally, they must present the information to the justice system. After first responders, Crime Scene Investigators are usually the first law enforcement agents on the scene. Salary is based upon experience and location, so average pay can range from $45,000 to $65,000.

Criminal Researcher

When you hear the term “criminal researcher,” your mind may go to the fictional character Abby Sciuto, portrayed by Pauley Perrette on the TV series NCIS. A Criminal Researcher works primarily behind the scenes, in behavioral science laboratories. Their job consists of statistically analyzing and examining scientific evidence or data collected from crime scenes. They also develop facts or theories on criminal cases. Researchers may have to write grant proposals to obtain grant money for their work to be accomplished. Many researchers also publish their findings by submitting them to peer-reviewed journals or magazines. The average salary ranges from $60,000 to $75,000 per year, according to chron.com .

Criminal Profiler

A Criminal Profiler presents information to solve a crime. They look for similarities or behavioral patterns of the suspect in calling. They may also review all evidence collected from the crime scene and converse with top priority criminals to get a better picture of the lives and mind of how they tick and the likelihood of an event to occur. A great example of a criminal profiler is portrayed by pretty much every character on the show “Criminal Minds” on CBS. Criminal profilers are commonly called into court to testify and present their findings. The role of a Criminal Profiler requires a Bachelor’s degree in criminal justice or something related. Professionals must also obtain a graduate degree in forensic psychology . Training in criminology and criminal law would benefit the individual as well. According to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics, the annual median salary is about $77,030 (2017).

Overall, these three doctoral level professions are an excellent opportunity for anyone interested in the science behind why crimes occur. Professionals need to love examining criminal actions and analyzing evidence that can determine the facts of a crime. The rewarding aspects of the job include bringing closure and justice to the families of victims of violent crimes. Knowledge of law enforcement agencies and public safety is a must, due to working closely alongside these agencies.

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Forensic Psychology Graduate Programs in America

1-25 of 30 results

Columbian College of Arts & Sciences

Washington, DC •

George Washington University •

Graduate School

• • Rating 5 out of 5   2 reviews

Master's Student: The course work here is rigorous and exciting and will push you to become the best professional that you can be. Client interactions especially for the speech language pathology graduate program is top notch and they get you working hands on within the first couple weeks of starting the program. The support given by the professors and school are outstanding and I have had nothing but great interactions, even when I've needed help figuring things out. ... Read 2 reviews

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George Washington University ,

Graduate School ,

WASHINGTON, DC ,

2 Niche users give it an average review of 5 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says The course work here is rigorous and exciting and will push you to become the best professional that you can be. Client interactions especially for the speech language pathology graduate program is... .

Read 2 reviews.

Graduate School of Professional Psychology - University of Denver

Denver, CO •

University of Denver •

• • Rating 1 out of 5   1 review

University of Denver ,

DENVER, CO ,

1 Niche users give it an average review of 1 stars.

Read 1 reviews.

College of Psychology - Nova Southeastern University

Fort Lauderdale, FL •

Nova Southeastern University •

• • Rating 4.4 out of 5   5 reviews

Master's Student: Everything from applying to registering for classes to seeking advise has been a smooth process. Every faculty member has been so accommodating and understanding in this program which is very important for this type of degree. ... Read 5 reviews

Nova Southeastern University ,

FORT LAUDERDALE, FL ,

5 Niche users give it an average review of 4.4 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says Everything from applying to registering for classes to seeking advise has been a smooth process. Every faculty member has been so accommodating and understanding in this program which is very... .

Read 5 reviews.

CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice

New York, NY •

• • Rating 4.7 out of 5   93 reviews

Master's Student: The Master in Emergency Management program has been an excellent pathway for me toward my doctorate. Experts in emergency management have taught each class, and I have appreciated every second. As a fully online program, it is manageable for people with alternate schedules - providing a benefit over in-person programs. Students considering online programs must be self-motivated and determined. ... Read 93 reviews

NEW YORK, NY ,

93 Niche users give it an average review of 4.7 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says The Master in Emergency Management program has been an excellent pathway for me toward my doctorate. Experts in emergency management have taught each class, and I have appreciated every second. As a fully online program, it is manageable for people with alternate schedules - providing a benefit over in-person programs. Students considering online programs must be self-motivated and... .

Read 93 reviews.

University of North Dakota College of Arts & Sciences

Grand Forks, ND •

University of North Dakota •

University of North Dakota ,

GRAND FORKS, ND ,

College of Behavioral and Social Sciences - California Baptist University

Riverside, CA •

California Baptist University •

• • Rating 4.67 out of 5   3 reviews

Current Master's student: The professors know you are going to make it through the program. They designed the courses to be not only tricky but also thought-provoking. Social work is not an easy career, but with the right tools and like-minded people around you, you will accomplish all the goals intended by this program. ... Read 3 reviews

California Baptist University ,

RIVERSIDE, CA ,

3 Niche users give it an average review of 4.7 stars.

Featured Review: Current Master's student says The professors know you are going to make it through the program. They designed the courses to be not only tricky but also thought-provoking. Social work is not an easy career, but with the right... .

Read 3 reviews.

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W. Roger Webb Forensic Science Institute

Edmond, OK •

University of Central Oklahoma •

University of Central Oklahoma ,

EDMOND, OK ,

College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences - University of Houston - Victoria

Victoria, TX •

University of Houston - Victoria •

University of Houston - Victoria ,

VICTORIA, TX ,

Kean University College of Liberal Arts

Union, NJ •

Kean University •

Kean University ,

UNION, NJ ,

Feinstein School of Social and Natural Sciences

Bristol, RI •

Roger Williams University •

Roger Williams University ,

BRISTOL, RI ,

College of Humanities and Social Sciences - Kentucky State University

Frankfort, KY •

Kentucky State University •

Kentucky State University ,

FRANKFORT, KY ,

Saint Elizabeth University - Continuing Studies

Morristown, NJ •

Saint Elizabeth University •

Saint Elizabeth University ,

MORRISTOWN, NJ ,

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• Developmental and Child Psychology Graduate Programs
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University College - Fairleigh Dickinson University - Metropolitan Campus

Teaneck, NJ •

Fairleigh Dickinson University - Metropolitan Campus •

Master's Student: Small classes, personal attention in the masters nursing program. Secretary to the dean is very helpful in connecting you with the correct classes and faculty. Teachers were down to earth, approachable and had real life experience. Teachers were very interested in your education and assisting in any why they could. ... Read 2 reviews

Fairleigh Dickinson University - Metropolitan Campus ,

TEANECK, NJ ,

Featured Review: Master's Student says Small classes, personal attention in the masters nursing program. Secretary to the dean is very helpful in connecting you with the correct classes and faculty. Teachers were down to earth,... .

School of Business, Arts and Sciences - American International College

Springfield, MA •

American International College •

American International College ,

SPRINGFIELD, MA ,

Tiffin University School of Criminal Justice and Social Sciences

Tiffin, OH •

Tiffin University •

Tiffin University ,

TIFFIN, OH ,

Florida National University

Hialeah, FL •

• • Rating 4.4 out of 5   10 reviews

Other: My academic experience at Florida National University has been great. I have learned so many new things here and will continue to learn so many things from this college. One of my best experiences here is playing on the softball team here. I am making so many memories while getting my education. Nothing better I can ask for. ... Read 10 reviews

HIALEAH, FL ,

10 Niche users give it an average review of 4.4 stars.

Featured Review: Other says My academic experience at Florida National University has been great. I have learned so many new things here and will continue to learn so many things from this college. One of my best experiences... .

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Capella University

Minneapolis, MN •

• • Rating 4.61 out of 5   979 reviews

Doctoral Student: Capella University offers comprehensive online programs for adult learners, focusing on academic excellence and practical skills. The university's flexible learning environment enables students to juggle their studies with work and family obligations. Students are prepared by the university's emphasis on practical skills and real-world applications. The faculty is supportive and responsive, and Capella's innovative use of technology provides an interactive learning experience. As a leader in online education, I believe it's an excellent choice for those balancing education with their lifestyle. I started at Capella University when I decided to further my education and change my field from pharmacy technician to healthcare administrator. I finished my bachelor's and master's of healthcare administration from Capella University. I am so happy with my achievements and would like to pursue my doctoral degree in healthcare administration to advance in my job. ... Read 979 reviews

MINNEAPOLIS, MN ,

979 Niche users give it an average review of 4.6 stars.

Featured Review: Doctoral Student says Capella University offers comprehensive online programs for adult learners, focusing on academic excellence and practical skills. The university's flexible learning environment enables students to... .

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College of Social and Behavioral Sciences - Walden University

Walden University •

• • Rating 4.6 out of 5   42 reviews

Other: I attended Walden University as a post master's student to fulfill additional courses for mental health licensing. My experience with Walden was very positive. From interest, enrollment advising, and registration it was a seamless process. I was able to take several classes I needed at reasonable costs. The course of study was challenging and exactly what I needed to further my career. ... Read 42 reviews

Walden University ,

42 Niche users give it an average review of 4.6 stars.

Featured Review: Other says I attended Walden University as a post master's student to fulfill additional courses for mental health licensing. My experience with Walden was very positive. From interest, enrollment advising, and... .

Read 42 reviews.

Arizona State University - Online

Scottsdale, AZ •

• • Rating 4.73 out of 5   156 reviews

Master's Student: I am apart of the Crime Analyst MS program. I am constantly being challenged and introduced to new data skills. The best part of my program is being able to work a full time job and still having the ability to complete my degree on my own time. The due dates are acceptable and workable. The one thing I wish the school focused on was communication between students and teachers. I believe that I have had great relationships with my professors, and vice-versa. I think that the Professors should note that we also are working, and their office hours, or times available to answer questions are not easy to attend or be apart of. ... Read 156 reviews

SCOTTSDALE, AZ ,

156 Niche users give it an average review of 4.7 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says I am apart of the Crime Analyst MS program. I am constantly being challenged and introduced to new data skills. The best part of my program is being able to work a full time job and still having the... .

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The CUNY School of Professional Studies

CUNY Graduate School & University Center •

• • Rating 4.53 out of 5   19 reviews

Master's Student: This program is notable for its rigorous curriculum and practical application of data science. It combines theoretical knowledge with real-world application, preparing students to face complex data challenges. Participating in hands-on projects with a tangible impact has been one of my most memorable experiences (machine learning to predict urban traffic patterns, demonstrating the power of data science to influence public policy). The faculty's commitment has provided me with invaluable mentorship, guiding me through the program's rigorous demands. However, the journey has not been without challenges. The coursework's intensity necessitated a steep learning curve, as well as changes in my study habits and time management strategies. While the program provides a solid foundation in data science, expanding its industry connections could provide students with more opportunities to participate in real-world projects and internships, enriching their academic experience. ... Read 19 reviews

CUNY Graduate School & University Center ,

19 Niche users give it an average review of 4.5 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says This program is notable for its rigorous curriculum and practical application of data science. It combines theoretical knowledge with real-world application, preparing students to face complex data... .

Read 19 reviews.

College of Education & Social Services - Saint Leo University

Saint Leo, FL •

Saint Leo University •

• • Rating 4 out of 5   3 reviews

Master's Student: I’m currently enrolled in the two year cohort social work program. Classes haven’t started yet but I was able to meet with a lot of staff before classes start. They have been helpful and are eager to assist me with any questions that I have in regards to the program. ... Read 3 reviews

Saint Leo University ,

SAINT LEO, FL ,

3 Niche users give it an average review of 4 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says I’m currently enrolled in the two year cohort social work program. Classes haven’t started yet but I was able to meet with a lot of staff before classes start. They have been helpful and are eager to... .

The California School of Professional Psychology

San Diego, CA •

Alliant International University •

Master's Student: I am in the process of starting the Couples/Marriage and Family Therapy Program at Alliant International University. So far I have enjoyed the process with the admissions counselors being very helpful and kind. I have reached out to people in the program and have received very good reviews about the process and curriculum. I have been able to meet some of my future teachers and I am very much excited for the discussions we will have in class and the ability to learn so much more about how the human mind works in relation to our emotional and mental well being. ... Read 5 reviews

Alliant International University ,

SAN DIEGO, CA ,

Featured Review: Master's Student says I am in the process of starting the Couples/Marriage and Family Therapy Program at Alliant International University. So far I have enjoyed the process with the admissions counselors being very... .

The Chicago School of Professional Psychology - Los Angeles

Los Angeles, CA •

• • Rating 4.42 out of 5   36 reviews

Doctoral Student: Great program! The faculty cares about challenging us while making us feel supported and I feel as though I am constantly being pushed to expand my knowledge. Also great opportunities to get involved with the community ... Read 36 reviews

LOS ANGELES, CA ,

36 Niche users give it an average review of 4.4 stars.

Featured Review: Doctoral Student says Great program! The faculty cares about challenging us while making us feel supported and I feel as though I am constantly being pushed to expand my knowledge. Also great opportunities to get involved... .

Read 36 reviews.

The Chicago School of Professional Psychology - Chicago

Chicago, IL •

• • Rating 4.55 out of 5   89 reviews

Master's Student: The academic experience as a graduate student is very unexpected. The program is supportive and responsive with any questions you may have in a range of areas (I.e student loans, advisors, professors). Having a school that pushes to have students feel seen, appreciated, and supported in a graduate program is essential to the positive reflection of the school but also for the success of those in the graduate programs. I’m my industrial organizational psychology program I have supportive and responsive professors who truly care about how I comprehend and apply my learning both to the classroom and for my thesis. I highly recommend this program to any who are pursuing the same degree, I have nothing but good things to say. ... Read 89 reviews

CHICAGO, IL ,

89 Niche users give it an average review of 4.6 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says The academic experience as a graduate student is very unexpected. The program is supportive and responsive with any questions you may have in a range of areas (I.e student loans, advisors,... .

Read 89 reviews.

School of Health Sciences - Russell Sage College

Russell Sage College •

Russell Sage College ,

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