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Technology Essay

کیا آپ نے کبھی سوچا ہے کہ ٹیکنالوجی کے بغیر آپ کی زندگی کیسی ہوگی؟ نہیں، پھر آپ کو اس کے بارے میں سوچنا ہوگا۔ موبائل فون سے سیٹلائٹ تک، پرسنل کمپیوٹر سے لے کر سپر کمپیوٹر تک، دوستوں سے لے کر باس تک، اور پیدائش سے موت تک، ٹیکنالوجی ہماری زندگی کے ایک ایک ذرے کو جوڑنے اور اسے آسان بنانے میں اہم کردار ادا کرتی ہے۔ تو آئیے دیکھتے ہیں کہ ٹیکنالوجی ایک عالمی طاقت کے طور پر کیسے بنی نوع انسان کی ترقی کو کم کرتی ہے۔

Table of Contents

اردو میں ٹیکنالوجی پر مختصر اور طویل مضامین

مضمون 1 (250 الفاظ) – ٹیکنالوجی کا کردار.

“ٹیکنالوجی” – مواد، سائنس، فطرت کے ڈیزائن کے تکنیکی پہلوؤں کا مطالعہ تاکہ ہماری زندگیوں کو آسان بنایا جا سکے اور ساتھ ہی ہماری کارکردگی کو بڑھانے کے لیے مکینیکل، برقی، حیاتیاتی اور معلوماتی نظام کا اطلاق۔ ٹکنالوجی کی ایک تاریخ ہے جو کہ نوولتھک دور سے پہلے کی ہے۔ نئے پادری دور یا اس سے پہلے کے لوگ اپنی صلاحیتوں، وسائل اور ترقی یافتہ تکنیکوں کو اپنے بہترین استعمال کے لیے استعمال کرتے ہیں۔ تب سے، ٹیکنالوجی نے انسانوں کی زندگی میں بہت ترقی کی ہے۔

ٹیکنالوجی کا کردار

یہ ٹیکنالوجی پہلی بار بڑے پیمانے پر 18ویں صدی میں صنعتی انقلاب کے آغاز میں استعمال کی گئی تھی، جہاں انسانی ہاتھوں کی جگہ مشینی اوزاروں نے لے لی تھی۔ اس کے بعد بہت سے محققین، سائنسدانوں اور انجینئروں نے ٹیکنالوجی کو انسانوں کے قریب لانے کی کوشش کی ہے۔ انسان اور ٹیکنالوجی کے اس رشتے نے ہماری زندگیوں کو ٹیکنالوجی پر زیادہ انحصار اور کیک کی طرح آسان بنا دیا ہے۔

ٹیکنالوجی چھوٹے سے بڑے پیمانے پر ہماری روزمرہ کی زندگی میں داخل ہو چکی ہے۔ ہم ٹیکنالوجی کے بغیر اپنی زندگی کا تصور نہیں کر سکتے۔ ٹیکنالوجی کے نفاذ نے ہمارے لیے کئی نوری سالوں کے فاصلے پر واقع دوسرے سیاروں کو بھی دیکھنا ممکن بنا دیا ہے۔

ٹیکنالوجی نے ہماری معیشت کو بھی آگے بڑھایا ہے۔ لوگ اپنی خواہش کے مطابق اپنے دوستوں، رشتہ داروں، قریبی اور دور کے لوگوں سے آسانی سے رابطہ کر سکتے ہیں۔ ٹیکنالوجی اس سیارے کا 360 ڈگری سسٹم بن چکی ہے۔ خواہ وہ خریداری ہو، آٹومیشن، آئی ٹی، میڈیکل، اسپیس، تعلیم، کمیونیکیشن وغیرہ۔ کسی کے لیے بھی، آپ آسانی سے ان سب میں ٹیکنالوجی کی موجودگی کا پتہ لگا سکتے ہیں۔

مختصراً، ‘ٹیکنالوجی ہمارے نئے ڈیجیٹل دور کی لائف لائن ہے’۔ دن بہ دن ٹیکنالوجی کی وسعت ہمیں مزید دھکیل رہی ہے۔ ٹیکنالوجی کو نئی ایجادات، نقطہ نظر، تحقیقی تکنیک کی شکل میں ریڑھ کی ہڈی کے طور پر استعمال کیا جا رہا ہے۔

مضمون 2 (400 الفاظ) – ٹیکنالوجی: COVID-19 میں گیم چینجر کے طور پر

سال 2019، جب یہ اپنے آخری مرحلے پر تھا، دنیا نے نئے ‘کورونا وائرس’ کو دیکھا۔ جمہوریہ چین کے لوگوں میں نوول کورونا وائرس کا پہلا کیس رپورٹ ہوا۔ کوئی نہیں جانتا تھا کہ یہ نیا وائرس کیا ہے۔ وقت گزرنے کے ساتھ ساتھ پوری دنیا اس مہلک وائرس کی لپیٹ میں آگئی۔ دنیا ابھی تک اس نئے کورونا وائرس سے بے بس اور پریشان تھی۔ کاروبار، سفر، معیشت، کام، پیداوار، تعلیم وغیرہ تمام سرگرمیاں ایک پنجرے کے اندر رکھی گئیں جسے ہم نے لاک ڈاؤن کا نام دیا۔ پھر، یہ ٹیکنالوجی تھی جو دنیا کو COVID-19 سے بچانے کے لیے آئی۔

COVID-19 کے دوران ٹیکنالوجیز کا کردار

ٹیکنالوجی واحد سہارے کے طور پر ابھری جس نے دنیا کو COVID-19 سے لڑنے میں مدد کی۔ یہاں کچھ ضروری شعبوں پر تبادلہ خیال کیا گیا ہے جہاں ٹیکنالوجی ایک اعزاز ثابت ہوئی ہے۔

صحت کی دیکھ بھال

کورونا وائرس اور اس کے علاج کے بارے میں محدود معلومات کے ساتھ، ٹیکنالوجی نے COVID-19 کے مطالعہ میں ہمارے سرپرست کے طور پر کام کیا ہے۔ کوویڈ 19 اسپتال بنائے گئے اور مریضوں کا علاج کیا گیا۔ وائرس کی تشخیص کے لیے لیب قائم کی گئی تھی۔ اس وائرس کا علاج تلاش کرنے کے لیے ابھی تحقیق جاری ہے۔ یہ صرف طبی ٹیکنالوجی کی صلاحیت کی وجہ سے ممکن ہوا ہے جس نے ہمیں نہ صرف زندہ رکھا ہے بلکہ متحرک بھی رکھا ہے۔

کورونا وائرس نے عالمی معیشت کو شدید نقصان پہنچایا ہے۔ دنیا ابھی تک کورونا وائرس کے اثرات سے نبرد آزما ہے۔ لیکن، ان مشکل وقتوں میں بھی، یہ صرف ٹیکنالوجی کی وجہ سے ہے کہ معیشت بچ گئی ہے۔ زیادہ تر معاشی سرگرمیاں جیسے بینکنگ، اسٹاک ٹریڈنگ، ادائیگی کے نظام اور کاروبار انٹرنیٹ پر کام کرنے کے لیے بنائے جاتے ہیں۔ آئی ٹی کے بنیادی ڈھانچے نے تمام سرگرمیوں کا بوجھ اٹھایا اور تمام افعال کو آف لائن سے آن لائن تک ممکن اور آسان بنا دیا۔

آج والدین کو سب سے بڑی فکر اپنے بچوں کی پڑھائی اور مستقبل کے بارے میں ہے۔ لاک ڈاؤن کی وجہ سے پورا تعلیمی نظام تاحال متاثر ہے۔ لیکن، ٹیکنالوجی نے ہمیں لاک ڈاؤن کے دوران ایک جھلک دکھائی۔ ٹیکنالوجی نے ہمیں ورچوئل کلاس روم اور ای لرننگ کا حل فراہم کیا۔ طلباء نے اپنی پڑھائی آن لائن میڈیم سے شروع کی۔ آن لائن میڈیم میں، طلباء اور اساتذہ کو ایک ساتھ ملایا جاتا ہے۔ اساتذہ نے اپنے لیکچرز آئی ٹی کمپنیوں کے تیار کردہ مختلف سافٹ وئیر کے ذریعے دیے۔ لیکچر اتنے ہی انٹرایکٹو ہوتے ہیں جتنے کہ وہ اصلی کلاس رومز میں ہوتے تھے۔ تعلیم کے اس نئے ڈھانچے نے والدین کو اپنے بچوں کے مستقبل کے لیے راحت اور تحفظ کا احساس فراہم کیا۔

ہر ایک کو اپنی ضروریات پوری کرنے کے لیے پیسے کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ کرونا وائرس ایک متعدی بیماری ہے۔ اس کا واحد دستیاب حل سماجی دوری ہے۔ لیکن، سماجی دوری کا مطلب اپنے کام کو بند کرنا یا روکنا نہیں ہے۔ آج کل دفاتر صرف لیپ ٹاپ یا اسمارٹ فون پر چلتے ہیں۔ چھوٹے کاروبار سے لے کر اعلیٰ سطحی بورڈ میٹنگز بھی ٹیکنالوجی کے ذریعے منعقد کی جاتی ہیں۔

ایک بار پھر ٹیکنالوجی نے دنیا بھر میں کروڑوں لوگوں کے دل جیت لیے ہیں۔ ٹیکنالوجی نے نہ صرف دنیا کو آگے بڑھنے میں مدد کی بلکہ اس نے لوگوں کو ان کی صحت پر سمجھوتہ کیے بغیر تحفظ فراہم کیا۔ یہ ان تمام سالوں کی محنت، وقت، پیسے کا نتیجہ ہے کہ اس نے آج ہماری زندگی بدل دی ہے۔

مضمون 3 (600 الفاظ) – ٹیکنالوجی: ایک نئی ڈیجیٹل لائف لائن

وہ دن گئے جب ہم ٹکٹوں، بلوں، پبلک فون بوتھ، ڈاکٹر کے پاس جانے کا وقت اور سرکاری دفاتر وغیرہ کے لیے بینک میں لمبی قطاروں میں کھڑے ہوتے تھے۔ اگر آپ نے ان لمبی قطاروں اور تھکا دینے والے کاموں کا تجربہ نہیں کیا ہے، تو آپ واقعی خوش قسمت ہیں کہ آپ ان بھاری کاموں سے بچ گئے۔ آپ کو اس کے لیے ٹیکنالوجی اور اس کی ایپلی کیشنز کا شکریہ ادا کرنا چاہیے۔

ٹیکنالوجی کی درخواست

آج، ٹکنالوجی ہر شعبے میں اپنا اطلاق تلاش کرتی ہے چاہے وہ ذاتی، سماجی، پیشہ ورانہ یا غیر زمینی زندگی ہو۔

ٹیکنالوجی نے ہمیں بات چیت کرنے کا ایک ذریعہ دیا ہے۔ پرسنل کمپیوٹرز، اسمارٹ فونز، ٹیبلیٹ اور لیپ ٹاپ جیسے مواصلاتی آلات آج کی نسل کے بہترین دوست ثابت ہوئے ہیں۔ یہ نسل تیز رفتاری سے کام کرنا پسند کرتی ہے اور غیر روایتی طریقوں کو اپنا کر اپنی زندگی کو سنوارنے میں یقین رکھتی ہے۔ پہلے زمانے میں لکھنا صرف ادب والوں کے کام تک محدود تھا۔ لیکن اس نئے ڈیجیٹل دور میں کوئی بھی اسے لکھ کر دنیا کے سامنے پیش کر سکتا ہے۔

بلاگنگ، بلاگنگ، چیٹنگ، سیلف پبلشنگ جیسے تمام قسم کے تصورات ان دنوں انٹرنیٹ پر کافی عام ہو چکے ہیں۔ ان تصورات کو مکمل کرنے کے لیے کسی کو اپنا کام مکمل کرنے کے لیے الیکٹرانک ڈیوائس اور انٹرنیٹ کنکشن کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔

ڈیجیٹل دور میں، ٹیک سیوی نسل کو سوشل میڈیا کی شکل میں دوستوں سے جڑنے کے لیے ایک نئی جگہ ملتی ہے۔ سوشل نیٹ ورک نہ صرف لوگوں کو ورچوئل طور پر جڑے رکھتا ہے بلکہ یہ کمائی کے کافی مواقع بھی فراہم کرتا ہے۔ وہاں بہت سی ویب سائٹس موجود ہیں جو فری لانسنگ جابز، آن لائن بزنس ماڈل، ڈیجیٹل مارکیٹنگ اور انتخاب کرنے کے لیے متعدد دیگر اختیارات کی حمایت کرتی ہیں۔

عوامی زندگی

ہر کوئی اپنے ارد گرد ہونے والے واقعات کے بارے میں خود کو اپ ڈیٹ رکھنا چاہتا ہے۔ تقریباً ہر انسان دو شناختوں کی زندگی بسر کرتا ہے۔ ایک اس کی حقیقی زندگی اور دوسری اس کی ای شناخت یعنی جو اس نے انٹرنیٹ کی ورچوئل دنیا کے لیے رکھی ہے۔ بنیادی طور پر، جس طرح سے ہم اپنا وقت انٹرنیٹ پر گزار رہے ہیں، ہم صرف ایک کلک کے ساتھ کسی بھی معلومات تک آسانی سے رسائی حاصل کر سکتے ہیں۔ یہاں تک کہ حکومت بھی عوام سے رابطہ کر رہی ہے اور ان کے مسائل سن رہی ہے۔ ہم ایک پیغام چھوڑ کر انہیں آسانی سے اپنے سادہ سے پیچیدہ مسائل کے بارے میں بتا سکتے ہیں۔

فرسودہ ٹیکنالوجیز کو ضائع کر دیا جاتا ہے اور ان کی جگہ نئی جدید ٹیکنالوجیز لے لی جاتی ہیں۔ ٹیکنالوجی کی طرف سے لائی گئی بڑی اصلاحات میں سے ایک عوام کے لیے مالی اور صحت کی شمولیت ہے۔ میٹرو، بلٹ ٹرین، ہوائی جہاز، کروز جیسی پبلک ٹرانسپورٹ نے ہمارے سفر کے وقت میں نمایاں کمی کر دی ہے۔ سفر کرنا اب اتنا بوجھل کام نہیں رہا۔ ٹکٹ بکنگ اور منزل تک پہنچنے جیسے تمام مصروف عمل کو کم سے کم بوجھل کر دیا گیا ہے۔

فصلوں کی پیداواری صلاحیت کو بڑھانے کے لیے جدید ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔ کاشتکار اپنی کھیتی کی سہولت کے لیے فصل کے مختلف آلات استعمال کرتے ہیں۔ کسان ٹکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے ماہرین کے ساتھ بات چیت کر سکتے ہیں تاکہ انہیں اچھے معیار کے بیج استعمال کرنے کے بارے میں مشورہ دیا جا سکے جس سے انہیں ان کی کاشت کاری میں فائدہ ہو گا۔ عالمی دنیا کو مکمل طور پر سکڑ کر مقامی دنیا بنانا ٹیکنالوجی کے ذریعے ہی ممکن ہوا ہے۔

پیشہ ورانہ زندگی

پیشے کے وسیع دائرہ کار نے بہت سی ذیلی قسم کی ملازمتوں کو ملازمتوں کے مختلف زمروں میں تقسیم کیا ہے۔ اگر آپ کے پاس صنعت کی طلب کے مطابق بنیادی مہارتیں ہیں تو کوئی بھی اپنی روزی کما سکتا ہے۔ پہلے زمانے میں کھیتی باڑی، مینوفیکچرنگ، ملنگ اور بک کیپنگ جیسی انسانی سرگرمیاں روزی روٹی کے لیے کی جاتی تھیں، لیکن ٹیکنالوجی کے استعمال سے انسان اس کام کو کر سکتا ہے اور اس میں شامل ہو سکتا ہے خواہ وہ مذکورہ جگہ پر نہ ہو۔ پیشہ ور کے جغرافیائی محل وقوع کی اب کوئی اہمیت نہیں ہے۔ آپ کی آسانی کے مطابق کام کی بروقت تکمیل زیادہ اہمیت رکھتی ہے۔ اضافی سکون میں اضافہ کرنے کے لیے، گھر سے کام کرنا دفتر کی نئی جگہ بن گیا ہے، خاص طور پر وبائی امراض، قدرتی آفات اور اس طرح کے دیگر نادیدہ حالات کے دوران۔

extraterrestrial زندگی

ٹیکنالوجی کے استعمال کی وجہ سے ہی بیرونی میدان میں نئی ​​دریافتیں ممکن ہوئی ہیں۔ ایک وقت تھا جب خلا میں مشن بھیجنا تقریباً ناممکن سمجھا جاتا تھا۔ لیکن، ٹیکنالوجی کی طاقت سے، یہ خلائی مشن اب ناممکن کام نہیں رہے۔ ہمارے نظام شمسی سے باہر دیکھنے کے لیے مزید نئی ٹیکنالوجیز دریافت کی گئی ہیں، تاکہ انسانوں کی پہنچ کو اور بھی بڑھایا جا سکے۔

انٹرنیٹ ٹریفک پیسہ کمانے کا ایک نیا طریقہ بن گیا ہے۔ ٹیکنالوجی بہت تیز رفتاری سے ہماری زندگی کا لازمی حصہ بن چکی ہے۔ زندگی اب تک محدود نہیں ہے، لیکن یہ 1 یا 0 کے لحاظ سے آگے بڑھتی ہے۔ بٹس، چپس اور توانائی وہ واحد زبان ہے جسے ٹیکنالوجی سمجھتی ہے۔

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Artificial Intelligence Essay

500+ words essay on artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has come into our daily lives through mobile devices and the Internet. Governments and businesses are increasingly making use of AI tools and techniques to solve business problems and improve many business processes, especially online ones. Such developments bring about new realities to social life that may not have been experienced before. This essay on Artificial Intelligence will help students to know the various advantages of using AI and how it has made our lives easier and simpler. Also, in the end, we have described the future scope of AI and the harmful effects of using it. To get a good command of essay writing, students must practise CBSE Essays on different topics.

Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is concerned with getting computers to do tasks that would normally require human intelligence. AI systems are basically software systems (or controllers for robots) that use techniques such as machine learning and deep learning to solve problems in particular domains without hard coding all possibilities (i.e. algorithmic steps) in software. Due to this, AI started showing promising solutions for industry and businesses as well as our daily lives.

Importance and Advantages of Artificial Intelligence

Advances in computing and digital technologies have a direct influence on our lives, businesses and social life. This has influenced our daily routines, such as using mobile devices and active involvement on social media. AI systems are the most influential digital technologies. With AI systems, businesses are able to handle large data sets and provide speedy essential input to operations. Moreover, businesses are able to adapt to constant changes and are becoming more flexible.

By introducing Artificial Intelligence systems into devices, new business processes are opting for the automated process. A new paradigm emerges as a result of such intelligent automation, which now dictates not only how businesses operate but also who does the job. Many manufacturing sites can now operate fully automated with robots and without any human workers. Artificial Intelligence now brings unheard and unexpected innovations to the business world that many organizations will need to integrate to remain competitive and move further to lead the competitors.

Artificial Intelligence shapes our lives and social interactions through technological advancement. There are many AI applications which are specifically developed for providing better services to individuals, such as mobile phones, electronic gadgets, social media platforms etc. We are delegating our activities through intelligent applications, such as personal assistants, intelligent wearable devices and other applications. AI systems that operate household apparatus help us at home with cooking or cleaning.

Future Scope of Artificial Intelligence

In the future, intelligent machines will replace or enhance human capabilities in many areas. Artificial intelligence is becoming a popular field in computer science as it has enhanced humans. Application areas of artificial intelligence are having a huge impact on various fields of life to solve complex problems in various areas such as education, engineering, business, medicine, weather forecasting etc. Many labourers’ work can be done by a single machine. But Artificial Intelligence has another aspect: it can be dangerous for us. If we become completely dependent on machines, then it can ruin our life. We will not be able to do any work by ourselves and get lazy. Another disadvantage is that it cannot give a human-like feeling. So machines should be used only where they are actually required.

Students must have found this essay on “Artificial Intelligence” useful for improving their essay writing skills. They can get the study material and the latest updates on CBSE/ICSE/State Board/Competitive Exams, at BYJU’S.

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Best Inventions of 2013 بہترین ایجادات (Urdu)

In this article we will discuss about best invention of 2013 and listed by Time magazine , 25 inventions, innovation and discoveries written in this article,and published in urdu by Nadeem Subhan in express news.

These Inventions are

1. Driverless toy car. 2. Gravity lightbox  3. Alcoholic coffee 4. Sony's smart lens 5. The Cronut 6. The Mission - 7. The Plus Pool 8. The Oculus Rift  0. The invisible skyscraper - 11. The 3Doodler - 12. Volvo's solar pavilion 13. Artificial 14. The Amplituhedro  15. Nest protect smoke alarm - 16. A new atomic clock 17. The Gravitylight18. SpaceShipTwo 19. The gastric-brooding frog 20. The Atlas robot 21. The Argus II 22. The X-47B drone 23. Waterless fracking  24. The artificial pancreas  25. Rewalk

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Essay on Robotics

Students are often asked to write an essay on Robotics in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Robotics

What is robotics.

Robotics is the science of creating robots. Robots are machines that can do tasks without human help. They can be as small as a toy or as big as a car. Some robots look like humans, but most just have parts to do jobs. They can be used in many places, like factories, hospitals, and homes.

History of Robotics

Robotics started in the 20th century. The first robots were simple machines. They could only do easy tasks. Over time, robots became more complex. They can now do many things humans can do. They can even learn new tasks by themselves.

Types of Robots

There are many types of robots. Some robots are used in factories to build things. These are called industrial robots. There are also robots that help doctors in hospitals. They can do surgeries. Then there are robots that can explore space. They can go to places where humans can’t.

Benefits of Robotics

Robots can do tasks faster and more accurately than humans. They can also do dangerous jobs, keeping people safe. Robots can work 24/7 without getting tired. They can help in many fields, like medicine, manufacturing, and space exploration.

Future of Robotics

The future of robotics is very exciting. Robots will become smarter and more helpful. They will be able to do more complex tasks. Robots will be used in more places and in more ways. They will make our lives easier and safer.

250 Words Essay on Robotics

Robotics is a field in technology that deals with making, working, and using robots. Robots are machines that can follow instructions to do tasks. Some robots can do tasks on their own, while others need human help.

There are many types of robots. Some robots look like humans, these are called humanoid robots. Then, there are industrial robots which are used in factories to make things like cars. There are also robots used in medicine, space exploration, and even in our homes to help with cleaning.

How Robots Work

Robots are run by computers. They follow a set of instructions called a program. This program tells the robot what to do and how to do it. Robots have sensors that allow them to gather information about their surroundings. This information is used to make decisions and carry out tasks.

Benefits of Robots

Robots can do many things that humans cannot do or find hard to do. They can work in dangerous places like space, deep sea, or inside a volcano. They can also do tasks quickly and without getting tired. This is why they are very useful in many areas like science, industry, and medicine.

The future of robotics is very exciting. Scientists are working on making robots that can learn and think like humans. These robots will be able to solve problems and make decisions on their own. They will be even more helpful and can change the way we live and work.

In conclusion, robotics is a fascinating field that is changing our world in many ways. It is a field that is full of possibilities and has a lot to offer in the future.

500 Words Essay on Robotics

Robotics is a branch of technology that deals with robots. Robots are machines that can perform tasks automatically or with guidance. They can do things that are hard, dangerous, or boring for humans. This field combines different branches of science and engineering like computer science, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering.

The idea of robots has been around for a long time. Ancient Greek myths talk about mechanical servants. The term “robot” itself comes from a Czech word “robota,” meaning forced labor. It was first used in a play in 1920. The first real industrial robot, Unimate, started work in 1961 at a General Motors plant. Since then, robotics has grown a lot.

Robots come in many shapes and sizes to suit different jobs. Some robots look like humans and can do things like talk or walk. These are called humanoid robots. Industrial robots work in factories and can do things like welding, painting, or assembling. Mobile robots can move around. They can be used for things like exploring space or the bottom of the ocean. Then there are medical robots which help doctors in surgeries and patient care.

Robots have several parts. They have a body or frame, motors to make them move, sensors to help them understand their surroundings, and a computer to control everything. The computer uses a program, which is a set of instructions, to tell the robot what to do. The sensors collect information about the world. The computer uses this information to decide what actions the robot should take.

Importance of Robotics

Robots are very important in today’s world. They can do jobs that are dangerous for humans, like defusing bombs or working in nuclear power plants. They can also do jobs that need to be very exact, like in surgery or making computer chips. Robots can also do jobs that are boring or repetitive, like assembling cars in a factory. This helps humans to focus on more interesting and creative tasks.

The future of robotics is very exciting. Robots are becoming smarter and more capable. They are starting to learn from their experiences and make decisions on their own. This is called artificial intelligence. In the future, we might see robots doing even more tasks, like taking care of the elderly or teaching in schools. But we also need to think about how to use robots in a way that is good for everyone.

In conclusion, robotics is a fascinating field that combines many different areas of science and engineering. It has a rich history and an exciting future. Robots are already doing many tasks that help humans, and they are likely to do even more in the future. As we continue to develop and use robots, we must also think about how to do this in a way that benefits everyone.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

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Essay on Robots: Top 17 Essays | Intelligent Machines | Engineering

Here is an essay on ‘Robots’ for class 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Robots’ especially written for college students.

Essay on Robots

Essay Contents:

• Essay on the Reasons for Using Robots

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Essay # 1. Definition of Robot:

Robot, once a creature of science fiction, is today a reality. It is the off-shoot of the second industrial revolution. Robot can be defined as a programmable multi­function manipulator designed or intelligent machine to move material, parts, tools, or specialised devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of variety of tasks.

Today’s robots are fitted with a variety of sensors (like vision, ranging, force-torque, touch, proximity, etc.) sending the sensory information to the computer which processes them subject to given objective and constraints, and develops action decisions for the robot actuators.

Robots are more flexible in terms of ability to perform new tasks or to carry out complex sequences of motion than other categories of automated manufacturing equipment. Generally speaking, robots are machines with some degree of intelligence and operated under the control of a mini or micro-computer.

Industrial robots (tough and tireless) are capable of handling a variety of jobs right from material handling to complex assembly tasks. They perform hazardous and monotonous tasks with tireless precision. They improve productivity and reduce manufacturing costs. They can perform complex jobs. They can even cope with changing conditions in the workplace, when fitted with sensors and adaptive controls.

Essay # 2. Basic Elements of Robots :

The basic elements of industrial robots are manipulator, controller, end effector, sensors and energy source. (Refer Fig. 38.1).

The manipulator comprising of base, arm and wrist are the most obvious parts of the robot. The robot’s movements are executed by the mechanical parts like links, power joints, and transmission system along with internal sensors housed within the manipulator.

The controller acts like a brain of robot. It performs the functions of storing and sequencing data in memory, initiating and stopping the motions of the manipulator, and interacting with the environment.

End effector is the tool, a sort of gripper, which directly interacts with the job. Grippers are being designed to handle a wide range of part configurations.

Sensors to sense the environment are essential for intelligent robots.

Energy source is required to cause movement of the manipulator arm. They may take the form of electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic devices.

Essay # 3. General Structure of Robot:

Figure 38.13 shows a general structure of an advanced robot. The operational unit consists of articulated mechanical system (AMS), (comprising of rigid links and kinetic joint), transmission system and actuators (which control the configuration of each articulation). The internal sensors are provided to indicate the position, velocity and forces of the end effector. The external sensors are provided to sense the environment.

The structural analysis program provides the user with integrated interactive processing from structural analysis to strength evaluation, by means of a pre-processor for graphics, geometrical modeling, finite element modeling and output graphic functions to be used for displaying the deformation quantity, indicating equi-stress lines, stress diagrams, excess stress, dynamic response and animation.

This system displays the element division diagrams and the vibration characteristics of the entire robot as a result of the frequency response calculation for the component parts of the robot system. In the design stage the strength and rigidity of each part are analysed, while the dynamic characteristics of the entire system are predicted and evaluated for lighter weight and higher rigidity.

ii. Mechanical Design of a Robot :

The mechanical design of a robot is an iterative process involving evaluation and choice among a large number of engineering and technical considerations in several disciplines.

A purely static, rigid-body approach to design is not sufficient and factors like mechanical system stiffness, natural frequencies, control system compatibility also need to be considered. A robot should be designed to have only the flexibility it needs to perform the range of tasks for which it is intended.

The various design consideration are:

(i) System Specification:

It includes range, reach, work envelope, load capacity.

(ii) System Configuration:

It includes the joint configuration, number of degrees of freedom, joint travel range, drive configuration.

(iii) System Performance:

It includes system velocity and acceleration, repeatability, resolution, accuracy, component life and duty cycle. Detailed design of major components concerns the robot structures, robot joints, actuators, transmission, wiring and routing of cables and hoses. One should evaluate the possible flexibility of the robot, grippers, tools, and peripheral units and integrate all components to one system.

Essay # 6. Classification of Robots:

Broadly three classes of robots could be considered:

(i) Pre-Programmable/Re-Programmable General Purpose Industrial Robots:

These operate fully by programmed computer control. These are most useful for all structured operations, i.e. activities whose motion and work handling requirements are known before hand and thus can be programmed.

The robot is taught before-hand to perform the necessary action in the teach mode. The robot can then take over and execute the operation repetitively such as in welding, painting, assembly of components for mass manufacturer, loading/unloading of jobs into and from machine tools, etc.

(ii) Tele-Operated, Man-Controlled Robots or Man-in-the-Loop Manipulator:

These differ from totally machine-controlled robots in the sense that the advantage of presence of man is taken in situations where it is not possible to anticipate all the motion and handling requirements in such details as to render them programmable or teachable for machine control. This type of requirement is found in hazardous locations.

The servo-driven master-slave manipulator with force feedback, or vehicle mounted heavy duty multi-axis power manipulator performs the necessary work in hazardous environment, taking commands from a human controller who can manipulate the slave arms at the scene of operation from safe location, relying for viewing on closed circuit television.

(iii) Intelligent Robots:

These are very advanced, state of the art robots and possess sufficient artificial or machine intelligence, somewhat analogous to the sensory perception of the neuro-muscular coordination that human beings are capable of.

Such intelligent robots can not only explore the environment on their own machine perceptions and evaluate them in real time, but also execute the necessary motor functions matching the action of their sensory inputs.

Advanced robots have been built with mobility to not only move over floors but also to climb, ability to avoid obstacles, high power-to-weight ratios, compactly assembled, with on board sensors, instruments and power supplies.

According to another general method of classification robots are classified as:

(i) Special purpose, designed and produced for a limited range of specific jobs, like welding, painting, casting, assembling, material handling etc.

(ii) General purpose of universal robots designed and produced to perform a wide variety of jobs. These may be non-servo-controlled, servo-controlled or sensory type depending on sophistication.

Essay # 7. Specifications of Robot:

i . Work Envelope:

Work envelope or work volume of a manipulator is defined as the envelope or space within which the robot can manipulate the end of the wrist. It depends on the number of types of joints, physical size of the joints and links and the ranges of various joints.

The shape of work volume is dependent upon the configuration of robot, for example, polar configuration has partial sphere as work space, cartesian coordinate configuration robot has a rectangular work space, and a cylindrical robot has a cylindrical work envelope.

ii .   Load Carrying Capacity:

It is dependent on the physical size and construction of robot, and also on the capability to transmit force and torque to the end effector in the wrist.

iii . Speed:

It varies from one point to other and it can be programmed into cycle so that different portions of cycle are performed at different speeds as desired. Maximum speed may be of the order of 2m/sec. In fact more important than speed is the accelerating and decelerating capability in a controlled manner. Robot may hardly achieve its top rated speed in view of its operation in a confined area.

iv . Repeatability:

It is the measure of the robot’s ability to position an object at a previously taught point in the work envelope. Due to inherent errors present (particularly due to mechanical sources), the robot will not be able to return to exact programmed point.

v . Control Resolution:

It refers to the capability of the system (both controller and the positioning device) to divide the range of total movement into closely spaced points than can be identified. Thus it would represent the minimum noticeable movement achievable. It may be mentioned that controller can generate pulses of very small duration but the positioning device should be able to respond and change its position accordingly.

In such a case:

Essay # 9. Control Systems for Robots :

Actuators (pneumatic, electrical, or hydraulic type) are used to move the joints of robots. Electric actuators may be d.c. servo motors or stepping motors. These are preferred type due to compatibility with computers, non-dependence on air or oil supply from outside source.

These are very common for sophisticated robots due to higher accuracy. Pneumatic cylinders are used for smaller robots as in material handling applications. Hydraulic actuators are used to exert high torque and greater speed.

The type of actuator, position and speed sensors, feed-back systems, etc., determine the dynamic response characteristics of the manipulator. Robot’s cycle time is dependent on the speed of response. It may be mentioned that while robots with greater stability are slower in response, the less stable system may tend to oscillate near the set value.

Microprocessor based controllers are used. A hierarchical structure approach is followed, i.e. each joint is actuated by its own controller, and a supervisory controller is used to coordinate the combined actuation of the joints and sequences of the motions.

Depending on sophistication desired, the robot control system may be:

(i) Simple Interlocked System:

This employs no servo control to achieve precise positioning. It is used for simple operations like pick-and-place. Limit switches are used for sequencing the actuation of the joints to complete the cycle.

(ii) Point-to-Point Control with Play Back Facility:

In this system, the various positions/locations, and the sequence to be followed in a cycle are programmed in the memory. The locations and their sequence are played back during the operation. Feed-back control is used to ascertain that desired location is attained.

(iii) Continuous Path Control:

The memory is big to hold information regarding locations of path. In this case path taken by the arm to reach final location is controlled. Servo control is used to maintain continuous control over the position and speed of the manipulator.

(iv) Intelligent Robot:

These can take own decisions when things go wrong during the cycle. These can interact with their environment, communicate with human beings, make computations during the motion cycle, incorporate advanced sensors like machine vision.

Essay # 10. Kinematic Control of Robots:

The various ways in which the robots could be controlled are:

(i) Non-Servo Control:

Non-servo-controlled robots move their arms in an open loop fashion between exact end positions on each axis, or along predetermined trajectories in accordance with fixed sequence. Such controls could be executed either by sequence controllers or by limit switches.

In latter type, more than one position is defined along an axis by indexable stops inserted or withdrawn automatically. A sequence type control steps through a number of pre-set logic steps, which causes one or more joints to move until the appropriate limit switch on the axis is reached.

(ii) Servo-Controlled Robots:

These incorporate feedback devices on the joints or actuators of the manipulator which continuously measure the position of each axis. These have much more manipulative quality and can position the end effector anywhere within the total work envelope.

These could be further classified as:

(a) Point-to-Point Control:

In this system each joint is controlled by an independent position servo with all joints moving from position to position independently. In it, each joint or axis of the robot is moved individually until the combination of joint positions yields the desired position of the end effector.

The way each joint is to move to achieve final position is practiced before-hand and stored in a memory device. As per this stored information each joint runs freely at its maximum or limited rate until it reaches its final position.

Point-to-point motion could be controlled independently in sequence joint control, uncoordinated joint control, or terminally co-ordinated joint control. In sequential joint operation one joint is activated at a time, while all other axes are immobilised.

A single joint may operate more than once in a sequence associated with such a motion. The resulting path of the manipulator end effector will thus have a zig-zag form associated with the motion directions of the manipulator joints.

It results in immediate simplification in the control. However, it causes longer point-to-point motion time. In uncoordinated joint control, the motions are not coordinated, in the sense that if one joint has made some fraction of its motion it does not imply that all other joints will have made the same fractions of their respective motions. When each joint reaches its final position, it holds and waits until all the joints have completed their motions.

Due to non-coordination of motion between joints, the path and velocity of end effector between points is not easily predicted. Terminally co-ordinated joint control is the most useful type of point-to-point control. In it the motion of individual joints are co-ordinated so that all joints attain their final position simultaneously.

It is used primarily in applications where only the final position is of interest and the path is not a prime consideration. Where the continuous path of the end effector is of primary importance to the application, then continuous path control is used.

(b) Continuous Path Control:

It is used where continuous path of the end effector is of primary importance. Continuous path motions are produced by interpolating each joint control variable from its initial value to its desired final value.

Each joint is moved the maximum amount required to achieve the desired final positions to give the robot tool a controlled predicted path. All the joint variables are interpolated to make the joints complete their motions simultaneously, thus giving a co-ordinated joint motion.

Depending on the quantum of information used in the motor control calculation the basic categories of continuous path control techniques are:

(i) Servo control approach (controller has a stored representation of the path to be followed, and the drive signals to the robot’s motors are determined by performing all calculations based on the past and present path tracking error);

(ii) Preview control or feed forward control. (It uses some knowledge about how the path changes immediately ahead of the robot’s current location, in addition to the past and present tracking error used by the servo-controller); and

(iii) Path planning or trajectory calculation approach (controller is fed with a complete description of the manipulator from one point to another. It uses a mathematical physical ‘model’ of the arm and its load, and pre-computes an acceleration profile for every joint, predicting the nominal motor signals that should cause the arms to follow the desired path).

Continuous path control requires lot of memory space to store all the axis positions needed to smoothly record the desired path. In practice, the device is moved actually through the desired path manually and the position of each axis is recorded on a constant time base, thus, generating continuous time history of each axis position.

Essay # 11. Expected Qualities in Robots :

The qualities expected in robots are listed below:

(i) Vision:

The utility of robots will increase several folds by incorporation of vision systems. Vision systems capable of identifying the part for pick up by pattern recognition data based on object’s silhouette have been developed.

Such systems can transform the position and orientation of the object into robot co-ordinates enabling the robot to acquire the object in a known manner. Other type of vision systems can recognise different objects. For each part, a number of distinguishing geometric features can be delineated, including area, perimeter, centre of gravity, number of holes and maximum and minimum radii.

In another vision system, a fibre sensor is used to look at a seam to be welded and automatically adjusts the robot’s weld path.

(ii) Tactile Sensing:

Robots with tactile sensor can identify an object and perform the function based on the referenced data. Grippers have been developed which can pick up any shape of objects and at the same time not exert enough force to crush them.

(iii) Mobility:

Usually the robot stands in a single station for the bulk of factory requirements. However, to handle intermittent and asynchronous demands, compact mobile device which could move in complex paths and access large areas economically has been developed.

(iv) Other Important Qualities in the Process of Development in Robots are:

Computer interpretation of the visual and tactile data, multiple appendage hand-to-hand co-ordination, minimised spatial intrusion, general purpose hands, man-robot voice communication, total self-diagnostic fault tracing, inherent safety, interaction with other technologies, etc.

Essay # 12. Performance Testing of Robots :

Usually following tests are performed on robots to judge their suitability.

(i) Geometric Values:

These include:

(a) Workspace:

Workspace, i.e. the envelope reached by the centre of the interface between the wrist and the tool, using all available axis motions.

(b) Static Behaviour:

It is indication of the deformation of a fixed robot structure under different load cases.

(c) Position Accuracy:

The repeatable accuracy that can be achieved at nominal load and normal operating temperature. This is based on two types of errors, viz., repeatability and reversal error.

(d) Path Accuracy:

The path accuracy of a path- controlled robot indicates at what level of accuracy programmed path curves can be followed at nominal load. The typical errors in path accuracy of a robot are: path accuracy or mean-path dispersion error, trailing error or mean-path deviation, overshoot during acceleration/deceleration.

(e) Reproduction of Smallest Steps:

With very low velocities, the slip-stick effect may become serious and it is hard to control.

(f) Synchronous Travel Accuracy:

(For cases where robot has to perform tasks synchronous to a moving conveyor) as in spray painting and assembly.

(g) Long-Term Behaviour:

It provides information on the time required to achieve thermal stability.

(ii) Kinematic Values:

These include cycle time, speed, and acceleration. It involves measuring of attainable cycle times for a defined sequence in different areas of the working space.

(iii) Power and Noise Values:

Usually measured in decibel at a distance of one metre from the working space.

(iv) Thermal Values:

Changes in temperature effect deviation of the structure.

(v) Dynamic Values:

It involves determination of dynamic behaviour of simple components and the total structure. The response of the robot structure is elicited by the following excitation methods—shaker (sinus, random), hammer (impact), snapback (impact), drives (sinus, random).

Essay # 13. Sensors for Robots :

To carry out its task, a robot must have access to information on predetermined parameters of the environment. Sensors are used to provide this information. The key to the success of closed loop control systems used in robots, in terms of accuracy, reliability and stability relies upon the type, complexity, resolution of the sensor.

It must be remembered that best sensory power has been bestowed by nature in the homomorphic creatures. It is the aim of engineers to attain similar perfection for robots. In order to enable robot perform its duties by understanding the environment around it, sensors provide information like.

(i) Recognition data (to understand the shape, size and features of the object).

(ii) Orientation data (the position of the object in relation to the robot arm co-ordinates in the absolute mode).

(iii) Physical interaction data (to understand the intensity interaction between the end effectors and the object).

The various types of sensors used for this purpose are:

(i) Force sensors (these measure the three mutually orthogonal forces and three orthogonal torques at the tips of the fingers of robot).

(ii) Inertial sensors (these feel the gravity and acceleration generated reaction torques).

(iii) Tactile sensors (these respond to contact forces arising between themselves and objects—used to warn the manipulator of robot to avoid collision when the end effector is near the object).

(iv) Visual sensors (with the use of triangulation or any other algorithm these help in determining the co-ordinates of the object before it is grasped.)

(v) Binary sensors micro-switches, magnetic switches, bimetallic thermal switches, etc. These are used to sense the presence/absence of a part.

(vi) Analog sensors thermocouples, linear variable differential transformers, strain gauges, piezo-electric sensors. These are used when the magnitude of quantity is desired.

(vii) Sensor arrays include pressure sensitive arrays or optical arrays used on the fingers and palm of a gripper. This requires considerable signal processing with a dedicated microprocessor.

Essay # 14. Precautions in the Use of Robots :

Before taking a decision to install a robot, it is important that its use be justified as it costs a lot. Plenty of work should exist for each robot. It is safest to employ robots first on simpler jobs and then put them to complex jobs after gaining experience.

The repetitive tasks, such as picking up heavy parts from one conveyor and placing them on another conveyor, can be easily programmed. Grippers are selected depending on the shape and size of the parts. It is possible to equip them with sensors and computer controls. These can then search the parts for out of position also.

In machine loading and unloading applications, the machines may be grouped around a robot and the robot picks up a part from an incoming conveyor and loads it into a NC lathe and then transfer it to drilling machine, inspect on table, and finally place it on an outgoing conveyor. Thus a system of machines with a robot can be converted into automatic production system.

All operations requiring worker intervention can be completely eliminated. If the shape or size of the part gets changed significantly after machining, then double grippers can be used on robots. To avoid any damage, the gripper of robot must hold the parts securely, exerting sufficient gripping force. Universal grippers are also available for handling parts of different size and shape.

A very nice application of robots is in cleaning of castings, deburring of machined parts, and polishing of parts which is usually fatiguing monotonous, dirty, noisy and sometimes hazardous. In a typical operation, the robot may be programmed to pick up casting from conveyor, presenting it to a rotary cut off wheel or saw removing gates and rise’s, then to a floor stand grinder for removing external flash, then to a grinding head that cleans the interior of the casting and then returning to the second conveyor. All machines should be located and grouped within easy reach of the robot. Stations of such type can handle a wide variety of castings of different shapes and sizes simply by changing programs.

Robots also find wide applications in assembly jobs, spot welding and arc welding. It is observed that robotic welders are about three times more productive than human operators. Robots can also be mounted on tracks so that they can automatically move from one station to another. It is essential to follow safety guidelines strictly in design and operation of robots to avoid any accidents.

Essay # 15. Applications of Robots :

Robots would find successful applications in following situations:

(i) Repetitive operation.

(ii) Other justifications for doing away with manual handling.

(iii) Handling hot or heavy work pieces.

(iv) Production limited by human performance and for endurance.

(v) Quality adversely affected by inconsistent manual handling.

(vi) Where parts have to be repeatedly oriented in the same position.

(vii) Part geometries must permit mechanical handling.

The most useful application of robot is for processes involving hazardous, unpleasant work environment like heat, sparks, fumes, etc. Typical applications in this regard could be die casting, shot welding, spray painting, forging, etc.

The other useful field for use of robots is involving repetitive work cycle which is tiring, fatiguing and boring for operator. Robots give consistent and repeatable results. Robots are essential for applications involving handling of heavy parts or tools.

Industrial robot applications usually involve several pieces of hardware (conveyors, pallets, machine tools, fixtures, etc.) in addition to the robot. Several robots and associated hardware may have to be integrated into a single work-cell.

Layout of the equipment in cell deserves greater attention for optimum results. Various types of layouts may involve centering around single robot, various robots arranged in line, or robots may be mobile. In manufacturing applications, robots may be used to handle tools and work pieces, processing operations, assembly and inspection.

Essay # 17. Reasons for Using Robots :

The reasons for introducing robot into a production process could be:

(i) It relieves man of hazardous or fatiguing tasks.

(ii) It brings improvements in product consistency and quality.

(iii) It offers opportunities for multi-machine manning for multi-shift operation and for wholly unmanned production.

(iv) In countries short of labour, it brings in savings from labour reductions. It increases the output without increasing the labour force.

(v) Robots will lead the way into areas of technology where man has not entered so far.

(vi) Mobile robots with moving arms and wide sensing power will find more applications.

Related Articles:

• Intelligent Robots: Development and Teaching Methods | Machines | Engineering
• Robotic Vision System in Robots | Intelligent Machines | Engineering
• Top 2 Methods of Robot Programming | Intelligent Machines | Engineering
• Robots with Jointed-Spherical Co-Ordinated System | Industrial Engineering

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Urdu Essays List 2

یہ نصاب اردو مضامین کے متعلق ہے۔اس کورس میں ہم اردو طلباء کے لئے مختلف موضوعات پر مضامین پیش کر رہے ہیں۔ذیل میں دیئے گئے موضوعات کو کھول کر ہر طرح کے مضامین سے استفادہ حاصل کریں اور اپنے تاثرات سے ہمیں [email protected] پر آگاہ کریں۔

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NVIDIA Presents New Robotics Research on Geometric Fabrics, Surgical Robots, and More at ICRA

During the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) May 13-17 in Yokohama, Japan, many people will be discussing geometric fabrics. That topic is the subject of one of seven papers submitted by members of the NVIDIA Robotics Research Lab , along with collaborators, and featured at ICRA this week.  

What are geometric fabrics? 

In robotics, trained policies are approximate by nature. They usually do the right thing, but sometimes, they move the robot too fast, collide with things, or jerk the robot around. There is no guarantee of what may occur. 

So, any time that someone deploys trained policies and especially reinforcement learning-trained policies on a physical robot, they use a layer of low-level controllers to intercept the commands from the policy. Then, they translate those commands so that they satisfy the limitations of the hardware. 

When you’re training RL policies, run those controllers with the policy during training. The researchers determined that a unique value that could be supplied with their GPU-accelerated RL training tools was to vectorize those controllers so they’re available both during training and deployment. That’s what this research does.

For example, companies working on humanoid robots may show demos with low-level controllers that balance the robot but also keep the robot from running its arms into its own body. 

The controllers the researchers chose to vectorize are from a past line of work on geometric fabrics. The paper, Geometric Fabrics: Generalizing Classical Mechanics to Capture the Physics of Behavior , won a best paper award at last year’s ICRA. 

DeXtreme policies

The in-hand manipulation tasks that the researchers address in this year’s paper also come from a well-known line of research on DeXtreme .

In this new work, the researchers merge those two lines of research to train DeXtreme policies over the top of vectorized geometric fabric controllers. This keeps the robot safer, guides policy learning through the nominal fabric behavior, and systematizes sim2real training and deployment to get one step closer to using RL tooling in production settings.

This creates a foundational infrastructure enabling the researchers to quickly iterate to get the domain randomization right during training for successful sim2real deployment. For instance, by iterating quickly between training and deployment, they could adjust the fabric structure and add substantial random perturbation forces during training to achieve a level of robustness far superior to previous work.

In the prior DeXtreme work, the real-world experiments proved extremely hard on the physical robot, wearing down the motors and sensors and changing the behavior of underlying control through the course of experimentation. At one point, the robot broke down and started smoking! 

But with geometric fabric controllers underlying the policy and protecting the robot, the researchers found that they could be much more liberal in deploying and testing policies without worrying about the robot destroying itself.

For more information, see Geometric Fabrics: A Safe Guiding Medium for Policy Learning or watch the DeXtreme example videos . 

More robotics research at ICRA

Other noteworthy papers submitted this year include the following: 

Out of Sight, Still in Mind

• Point Cloud World Model

The SynH2R authors propose a framework to generate realistic human grasping motions suitable for training a robot. For more information, see SynH2R: Synthesizing Hand-Object Motions for Learning Human-to-Robot Handovers .

The RDMemory authors test a robotic arm’s reaction to things previously seen but then occluded from view to ensure that it responds reliably in various environments. This work was done in both simulation and in real-world experiments.

For more information, see Out of Sight, Still in Mind: Reasoning and Planning About Unobserved Objects With Video Tracking Enabled Memory Models or watch the RDMemory example videos . 

Point Cloud World Models

The Point Cloud World Models researchers set up a novel Point Cloud World Model (PCWM) and point cloud-based control policies that were shown to improve performance, reduce learning time, and increase robustness for robotic learners.

For more information, see Point Cloud Models Improve Visual Robustness in Robotic Learners .

The SKT-Hang authors look at the problem of how to use a robot to hang up a wide variety of objects on different supporting structures (Figure 1). While this might seem like an easy problem to solve, the variations in both the shapes of the objects as well as the supporting structures pose multiple challenges for the robot to overcome.

For more information, see SKT-Hang: Hanging Everyday Objects via Object-Agnostic Semantic Keypoint Trajectory Generation and the /HCIS-Lab/SKT-Hang GitHub repo.

Robots with surgical precision

Several new research papers have applications for use in hospital surgical environments.

ORBIT-Surgical

ORBIT-Surgical is a physics-based surgical robot simulation framework with photorealistic rendering powered by NVIDIA Isaac Sim on the NVIDIA Omniverse platform. 

It uses GPU parallelization to train reinforcement learning and imitation learning algorithms that facilitate the study of robot learning to augment human surgical skills. It also enables realistic synthetic data generation for active perception tasks. The researchers demonstrate using ORBIT-Surgical sim-to-real transfer of learned policies onto a physical dVRK robot.

The underlying robotics simulation application for ORBIT-Surgical will be released as a free, open-source package upon publication. 

For more information, see ORBIT-Surgical: An Open-Simulation Framework for Learning Surgical Augmented Dexterity .

The DefGoalNet paper focuses on shape servoing , which is a robotic task dedicated to controlling objects to create a specific goal shape. For more information, see DefGoalNet: Contextual Goal Learning From Demonstrations for Deformable Object Manipulation .

Meet NVIDIA Robotics partners at ICRA 

NVIDIA robotics partners are showing off their latest developments at ICRA. 

Zürich-based ANYbotics presents its ANYmal Research, which provides a complete software package that grants users access to low-level controls down to the ROS system. ANYmal Research is a community of hundreds of researchers working in top robotics research centers, including the AI Institute, ETH Zürich, and the University of Oxford. (Booth IC010)

Munich-based Franka Robotics highlights its work with NVIDIA Isaac Manipulator , an NVIDIA Jetson -based AI companion to power robot control and the Franka toolbox for Matlab. (Booth IC050)

Enchanted Tools shows off its Jetson-powered Mirokaï robots. (Booth IC053)

The NVIDIA Robotics Research Lab is a Seattle-based center of excellence focused on robot manipulation, perception, and physics-based simulation. It’s part of NVIDIA Research , which has more than 300 leading researchers around the globe, focused on topics spanning AI, computer graphics, computer vision, and self-driving cars.

Related resources

• GTC session: AI Robotics: Driving Innovation for the Future of Automation
• GTC session: Immersive Digital Assistants for Hybrid Teams: Weaving Generative AI into Collaborative XR for Manufacturing Planning
• GTC session: Next Phase of Industrial Robot Skills with AI
• SDK: Isaac Sim
• SDK: Isaac ROS
• Webinar: Enhancing Robotic Perception: Synthetic Data Generation using Omniverse Replicator

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