research questions about food business

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120 Food Research Paper Topics

How to choose a topic for food research paper:, fast food research paper topics:.

• The impact of fast food consumption on obesity rates in children
• The influence of fast food advertising on consumer behavior
• The correlation between fast food consumption and cardiovascular diseases
• The role of fast food in the development of type 2 diabetes
• The effects of fast food on mental health and well-being
• The environmental impact of fast food packaging and waste
• Fast food and its contribution to food deserts in urban areas
• The economic implications of the fast food industry on local communities
• Fast food and its association with food addiction and cravings
• The nutritional value and quality of ingredients used in fast food
• The influence of fast food on dietary patterns and nutritional deficiencies
• The role of fast food in the globalization of food culture
• The ethical concerns surrounding fast food production and animal welfare
• The impact of fast food consumption on academic performance in students
• Fast food and its relationship to food insecurity and poverty

Food Insecurity Research Paper Topics:

• The impact of food insecurity on child development
• Food insecurity and its relationship to mental health
• Exploring the causes of food insecurity in urban areas
• The role of food banks in addressing food insecurity
• Food insecurity among college students: prevalence and consequences
• The effects of food insecurity on maternal and infant health
• Food insecurity and its implications for rural communities
• The relationship between food insecurity and obesity
• Food insecurity and its impact on academic performance in children
• The role of government policies in addressing food insecurity
• Food insecurity and its connection to chronic diseases
• The effects of food insecurity on older adults’ health and well-being
• Food insecurity and its influence on food choices and dietary quality
• The role of community gardens in reducing food insecurity
• Food insecurity and its impact on social inequalities and disparities

Organic Food Research Paper Topics:

• The impact of organic farming on soil health and fertility
• The nutritional differences between organic and conventionally grown fruits and vegetables
• The effects of organic farming practices on water quality and conservation
• The potential health benefits of consuming organic dairy products
• The role of organic agriculture in reducing pesticide exposure and its associated health risks
• The economic viability and market trends of organic food production
• The impact of organic farming on biodiversity and ecosystem services
• Consumer perceptions and attitudes towards organic food: A global perspective
• The effectiveness of organic farming in mitigating climate change
• The role of organic farming in promoting sustainable food systems
• Organic versus conventional meat production: A comparison of animal welfare standards
• The impact of organic food consumption on human health and disease prevention
• The challenges and opportunities of organic food certification and labeling
• The role of organic farming in reducing food waste and promoting food security
• The potential environmental and health risks associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in organic food production

Food Technology Research Paper Topics:

• The impact of food processing techniques on nutritional value
• The role of food technology in reducing food waste
• The development of sustainable packaging materials for food products
• The use of nanotechnology in food processing and preservation
• The application of artificial intelligence in food quality control
• The potential of 3D printing in personalized nutrition
• The impact of food technology on the sensory properties of food products
• The role of food technology in improving food safety and reducing foodborne illnesses
• The development of novel food ingredients using biotechnology
• The use of blockchain technology in ensuring traceability and transparency in the food supply chain
• The impact of food technology on the shelf life and stability of food products
• The role of food technology in addressing food allergies and intolerances
• The application of robotics in food processing and manufacturing
• The development of functional foods for specific health conditions
• The use of genetic engineering in enhancing crop productivity and nutritional content

Food Safety Research Paper Topics:

• The impact of foodborne illnesses on public health
• The role of government regulations in ensuring food safety
• Food safety practices in the restaurant industry
• The effectiveness of food safety training programs for food handlers
• Food safety risks associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
• The role of food packaging in maintaining food safety
• Food safety concerns in the global food supply chain
• The impact of climate change on food safety and security
• Food safety risks associated with food delivery services
• The role of consumer behavior in ensuring food safety
• Food safety practices in home kitchens
• The impact of food additives and preservatives on food safety
• Food safety risks associated with food allergies and intolerances
• The role of technology in enhancing food safety measures
• Food safety challenges in developing countries

Food History Research Paper Topics:

• The Evolution of Food Preservation Techniques
• The Impact of the Columbian Exchange on Global Cuisine
• The Role of Food in Ancient Egyptian Society
• The Origins and Development of Chocolate as a Culinary Delight
• The Influence of French Cuisine on Modern Gastronomy
• The Cultural Significance of Spices in Medieval Europe
• The History of Food and Nutrition in World War II
• The Impact of Industrialization on Food Production and Consumption
• The Role of Food in Ancient Greek and Roman Rituals and Festivals
• The History of Street Food and its Socioeconomic Impact
• The Origins and Evolution of Sushi in Japanese Cuisine
• The Influence of Immigration on American Food Culture
• The History of Food and Medicine: From Ancient Remedies to Modern Nutraceuticals
• The Role of Food in Colonialism and Cultural Assimilation
• The Evolution of Fast Food and its Impact on Global Health

Food Marketing Research Paper Topics:

• The impact of social media on consumer behavior in the food industry
• The effectiveness of celebrity endorsements in food marketing campaigns
• The influence of packaging design on consumer perception and purchasing decisions
• The role of sensory marketing in food product development and promotion
• The effects of nutritional labeling on consumer choices and health outcomes
• The use of virtual reality and augmented reality in food marketing strategies
• The impact of food advertising on children’s food preferences and consumption patterns
• The role of cultural factors in shaping food marketing strategies and consumer behavior
• The effectiveness of personalized marketing approaches in the food industry
• The influence of food branding and brand loyalty on consumer purchasing behavior
• The role of sustainability and ethical considerations in food marketing practices
• The effects of food pricing strategies on consumer choices and market competition
• The impact of online food delivery platforms on consumer behavior and market dynamics
• The role of food labeling claims and certifications in consumer trust and decision-making
• The effects of food marketing on public health and policy implications

Food Chemistry Research Paper Topics:

• Analysis of food additives and their effects on human health
• Investigating the role of antioxidants in preventing food spoilage
• The chemistry behind flavor development in fermented foods
• Analyzing the chemical composition of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food
• Understanding the chemical reactions involved in food browning and Maillard reaction
• Investigating the chemistry of food preservation methods, such as canning and freezing
• Analyzing the chemical changes in food during cooking and their impact on nutritional value
• The role of enzymes in food processing and their effects on food quality
• Investigating the chemistry of food allergies and intolerances
• Analyzing the chemical composition and health benefits of functional foods
• Understanding the chemistry of food packaging materials and their impact on food safety
• Investigating the chemical changes in food during storage and their effects on shelf life
• Analyzing the chemical composition and nutritional value of organic versus conventionally grown foods
• Investigating the chemistry of food contaminants, such as heavy metals and pesticides

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There’s more to creating a successful food or beverage product than selling something you love eating or drinking. Consumers are always on the lookout for food and beverage options that are scrumptious but also better quality, healthier, affordable and easily available.

If you’re hoping to move a product from successful with kids in your household to successful with kids in your country, many questions need to be identified, answered, and acted on. This list of questions focused around the five Ps will ensure you gather the information you need to get there.

Better Understand the Product : Nutrition, sensory, packaging

• What nutritional, sensory, or emotional needs are your shoppers and consumers trying to meet and what unmet needs need additional development?
• How is the food or beverage used to meet unexpected needs such that new audiences could be targeted? E.g., are slow foods being converted into fast foods, are meat foods being converted into meat-free foods, are solid foods being converted into drinkable foods?
• What features, whether sensory, emotional, packaging or otherwise, of the product are unique within the broader, competitive category and how could they serve as your unique selling points?
• How are the package and eating implements “correctly” and “incorrectly” used suggesting needs for redesign or improvements?
• Does the memorability of your food or beverage require improvements in terms of its sensory features, packaging, branding, colors, or logos?
• Should certain product lines be expanded or reduced based on growing or decreasing market needs?

    Review a product case study:

• Developing a New Nutritional Pasta Product – A survey + desk research case study
• Identifying An Optimal Set of Flavor Variants to Achieve Incremental Reach – Case Study
• Choosing a Set of Flavors to Minimize Substitutions – A food survey + data analytics case study
• Fine Tuning New Personal Care Products with JAR Analysis – A sensory IHUT case study
• Sentiment and Content Analysis of Qualitative Consumer Comments – A food survey + text analysis case study

Better Understand the People : Cooks, bakers, shoppers, eaters, snackers, caregivers, meal planners, meal preppers

• Who are your target shoppers and consumers in terms of their demographic, psychographic, family, social, economic, and health characteristics?
• Which stakeholders come into contact with your food or beverage e.g., caregivers, shoppers, cooks, bakers, eaters, snackers, meal planners, meal preppers?
• Which stakeholders will influence your target audience to consider using or buying food and beverages?
• What does each stakeholder group need, want, feel, and prefer, and how do their needs conflict with each other?
• What drives each key stakeholder group to choose, use, buy, and recommend your brand vs competitive brands?
• How does the shopper journey evolve from discovering a need through to shopping, comparing, and buying while also considering nutritional, emotional, financial, and social needs at each stage?
• What personal histories and experiences do people have with the food or beverage product and category including with your brand and competitive brands?

    Review a stakeholder case study

• Measuring Consumer Preferences for Successful Ready-To-Eat Development | A Sensory Research Case Study
• Identifying Target Audiences of Two New Tea Variants – An IHUT + JAR analysis case study

Better Understand Placement , Industry, and Competitive Market Space

• Who are your primary and secondary competitors locally, globally, and virtually?
• What sensory, product, physical, emotional, social, and economic needs is the market failing to address?
• How has the competitive landscape changed over the last year and how might the food and beverage category evolve over the next 3 to 5 years within your region and potential expansion regions?
• Where are the white spaces to develop new food and beverages, or new service locations?
• Can secondary data help you understand how large your existing market is and how large it could be while still remaining profitable ?

   Review a market case study 

• Benchmarking Brand Awareness and Competitive Brand Space – A consumer food survey case study
• Tracking Customer Satisfaction Across 8 Countries – A consumer food survey case study
• Creating a Beverage Launch Strategy in a Competitive Market – A beverage desk research case study

Better Understand Promotions , Advertising, and Campaigns

• Which online and offline information channels do your consumers and shoppers use to learn about new food and beverages, gather recommendations, or make purchases?
• What types of messaging would be most successful at reaching your target audience and differentiating your product from competitive products?
• What types of ads would be most effective with each of your audience segments when considering likability, meaningfulness, believability and the likelihood to act?
• What types of food and beverage marketing campaigns are more likely to be successful?
• What types of brands, companies, or influencers would your consumers and buyers like to see incorporated in an integrated marketing campaign?
• Which food and beverage concepts are most memorable and would generate the most action from your target audience?

   Review an advertising case study:

• Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Campaign with Brand and Message Recall – A consumer media survey case study
• Identifying Optimum Price Corridors to Predict Volume Share – An advertising price simulator case study

Create A Fair and Profitable Pricing Strategy

• Based on secondary research, how are competitive products on the market currently priced?
• Using questionnaire data, what type of pricing strategy is most appealing to shoppers?
• What type of pricing strategy would facilitate product recommendations from influential friends and family?
• Which user segment has the least and the greatest revenue potential?
• Based on a Conjoint or MaxDiff questionnaire , which product features drive higher and lower prices?
• What type of pricing strategy is fair and accessible versus out of reach to lower income people vs higher income people?

   Review a pricing case study

• Optimizing Trade Promotion Spends with a Pricing Simulator – A food business analytics and price simulator case study
• Improving Operational Effectiveness at a CPG Company – A retail B2B survey case study

Creating a successful food or beverage product requires a foundation of well designed and executed research coupled with well actioned research results. Whether you’re tasked with supporting the growth of an innovative cannabis beverage or helping a company understand the different needs of buyers and consumers, our team has years of experience helping researchers, marketers, and brand managers generate great quality food and beverage data and insights. Please email your project specifications to our research experts using Projects at E2Eresearch dot com. We’d love to help you convert your enigmas to enlightenment!

 Learn at upcoming food and beverage industry conferences

• Food and Beverages , London, March 9 to 10, 2022
• International Conference on Food Marketing and Tourism , London, March 11-12, 2022
• Food Marketing Conference , Michigan, March 22 to 23, 2022
• Food 2.0 Conference , Las Vegas, April 11 to 13, 2022
• Beverage Forum , Chicago, April 28 to 29, 2022
• International Conference on Food Marketing and Tourism , Netherlands, May 16-17, 2022
• Food & Drink Trends & Innovations , London, May 18, 2022
• Food and Beverage Packaging, Spain, June 13 to 14
• International Food Marketing Research Symposium , Texas, June 14 to 16, 2022
• The Ecommerce & Digital Marketing Conference for Food & Beverage , Austin, July 25 to 26, 2022
• Food Marketing Institute Annual Business Conference , Chicago, September 11 to 14, 2022

Listen to some great podcasts about food and beverage marketing

• A Fresh Perspective Food News with Jenny Kolzer (Player.fm)
• Beyond the Shelf
• Dennis Knows Food with Luke LaBree (Player.fm)
• Food Biz Wiz with Allie Ball
• Real Food Brands Marketing Podcast with Katie Mleziva (Spotify)
• Restaurant Marketing School with Josh Kopel (Player.fm)
• Restauranttopia with David Ross, Brian Seitz, and Anthony Hamilton
• Secret Sauce – Restaurant Marketing Podcast with James Eling (Spotify)
• The Experiential Table with Cynthia Samanian (Player.fm)
• The Insatiable Appetite
• The Virginia Foodie with Georgiana Dearing (Player.fm)
• Advertising and Communications
• Brand perception
• Competitive analysis
• Conferences
• Customer needs assessment
• Food and beverage
• Market opportunities
• New product development
• Pricing strategy

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Innovative Strategies to Fuel Organic Food Business Growth: A Qualitative Research

Sonia chien-i chen.

1 School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; moc.liam@nehcainosrd

Chenglian Liu

2 Department of Science and Engineering, Shiyuan College of Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530011, China; [email protected]

Zhenyuan Wang

3 Faculty of Economics and Management, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200050, China

4 School of Engineering, Buckinghamshire New University, High Wycombe HP11 2JZ, UK; [email protected]

Associated Data

Not applicable.

This study aimed to identify the factors affecting consumer behavior and customer loyalty toward organic food. Whether consumers seek organic food for a healthy body or more as food for thought continues to be debated. However, since consumers’ purchase habits are based on their honest life experiences, which shape the building of a brand, this study reviewed the extant literature to understand the factors influencing the purchasing behavior for organic food. The follow-up problems highlighted in the research are related to organic business marketing strategy. Based on our methodology, we conducted semi-structured interviews to gain themes for qualitative research. The study found that availability, variety, and taste were the top three factors affecting consumers’ purchase decisions; surprisingly, neither price nor health-consciousness was the first concern. Using market-led innovation as an innovative lens to understand customer loyalty, this research highlights sustainable and advantageous business practices in the organic food market to enrich the literature on organic food purchasing behavior from multiple stakeholders.

1. Introduction

With health and safety consciousness accompanying improvements in socioeconomic status [ 1 ], tasty, healthy, and trendy eating has gradually replaced the notion of “eating to live” [ 2 , 3 ]. Consumers are increasingly demanding better quality and more environmentally friendly products [ 4 , 5 ]. Consequently, organic products have become a popular trend among the middle to higher socio-economic classes seeking a sustainable and healthy lifestyle. However, whether organic food is food for the body or food for thought remains debatable.

Organic farming is a sustainable agricultural method that helps preserve soil fertility to produce chemical-free products. While there are opposing views on organic farming due to its high bacteria levels, those in favor of organic farming believe that it is a beneficial and safer alternative for the environment and animals. However, it is not an option for everyone, and yields are often insufficient to feed the majority of the population. Although there is an increase in sales of organic food each year, it is still limited to certain market segments and does not contribute a large proportion of steady purchases [ 6 ]. The sustainability concept of organic food is interpreted as an idealism that drives it beyond food, to fashion [ 7 , 8 ].

As the literature on organic food is focused on food, agriculture, and environmental sciences, studies on consumers’ purchase intentions and behaviors are growing as people shift toward adopting a healthier lifestyle [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a popular framework that helps understand and explain purchase intentions in light of social norms [ 15 , 16 ]. Subjective norms are found to be associated with attitudes toward organic food purchase intentions. Nonetheless, the inconsistency of actual purchases and the relationship between norms and purchase intention drives research direction to factors such as personal choice, barriers, and consumers’ abilities. In this context, innovative marketing strategies may be relevant in meeting diverse purchase intentions.

There has been an increase in research on organic food consumption, with a few of them focusing on the Irish market, which has seen significant growth recently from being a small-scale producer to an important market segment in the mainstream agri-food system. This change has attracted the attention of both agri-business and brand retail investors. Although researchers have studied the habitual and occasional pro-environment behavior of organic food consumers in Ireland, a qualitative method explaining purchase behavior and customer loyalty is still lacking [ 17 ]. The organic products business in Northern Ireland (NI) faces an expanding market, but many small businesses are still struggling to identify an appropriate marketing strategy. To obtain better insights, this study employs a qualitative approach to the investigation of the Ireland/Northern Ireland organic market. Based on the literature review, which indicates a lack of innovative theories, this study sheds light on applying a market-led innovation concept to promote customer loyalty through strategy, system, and people [ 18 ]. It aims to contribute to the understanding of customers’ purchase intentions in the organic market by providing insightful information on customer loyalty, which may assist agribusiness developers and practitioners in improving and optimizing marketing strategies.

2. Material and Methods

This study explored customers’ purchase intentions through semi-structured interviews ( n = 20). Due to the infinite and flexible characteristics of consumer behavior, qualitative research was chosen to generate a better understanding of the growth and success of organic businesses [ 19 , 20 ]. In view of the controversy on the health properties of organic products, in-depth interviewing was seen as a crucial method of qualitative research. This study focused on identifying the factors that influence consumers’ purchasing behavior and interpreting the values behind them. It also explores the current market situation by asking “how” and “why” questions.

2.1. Research Design

The research framework in Figure 1 guided data collection, measurement, and analysis, and builds on current knowledge and the existing theory for organic food. This study consists of several phases. First, potential participants in the Northern Ireland organic food ecosystem, identified in the food business circles and approached through friends and contacts online, were selected as interviewees through a snowball sampling technique, after which the interview protocol was developed. Second, a pilot study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility, duration, and cost of the study, based on which improvements were made to the study methodology and in-depth interviews were conducted. Third, based on the interviews, data and information were collected on various stakeholders, such as suppliers, producers, consumers, and experts. Fourth, data analysis was conducted, by cleaning, transforming, and modeling the data to find answers to the research questions. Finally, qualitative research was used to interpret market understanding, multiple realities, different perspectives, and specific circumstances arising from opinion-sharing, interview discussions, data analysis, findings, and final discussions. Based on this, conclusions and recommendations were drawn.

Research design conceptual framework.

2.2. Data Collection

Identifying the segments from which the interview sample can be drawn ensures consistency with research aims and questions. The relevant research indicates that the main motivations for purchasing organic products are health, taste, and concern for the environment, and that older, more affluent consumers are the main purchasers [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The above motivations were used as criteria to determine the status of the interviewees. The interview questions were designed with reference to the literature through key themes affecting organic business. This adjustment is essential to obtain a deeper understanding of interviewees’ thoughts about organic products. A pilot study and consultation with experts were conducted to guide the answers to the interview questions. Then, the selected interviewees were contacted through friend referrals and social networks to arrange e-mail or phone interviews.

In this phase, we aimed to uncover the reasons behind customers’ intention (or lack thereof) to purchase organic food and how food suppliers viewed future trends in the organic business. Manufacturers were interviewed to determine how they currently marketed their businesses. Suppliers, producers, consumers and experts related to organic products were invited to join in an informal conversation about eating habits and purchasing behavior. The owner of Burren Organic Farm was chosen to review the significance of the marketing strategy for organic food. Sales managers from local suppliers in Northern Ireland were invited to contribute their views on the local organic business. The owner of a new local shop participated to see how a small business could use innovation marketing to survive in a changing economic environment. By collecting different perspectives, this research aimed to inspire more creative ideas for innovative advantages in the novel agri-food business. A total of 20 interviews were conducted with producers (1), suppliers (5), experts (2), and consumers (12) ( Table 1 ).

List of interviewees * in the meetings.

* S, supplier; C, customers; P, producer; E, expert.

For the face-to-face interviews with 20 participants, which lasted for approximately two hours, the principles of informed consent were followed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to allow for flexibility for the interviewees to openly express their opinions. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed by an independent typist and subsequently validated by the researcher. Meaningful quotations were used to identify significant themes. All considerations for maintaining anonymity were applied to ensure confidentiality.

Figure 2 illustrates the participants’ sex distribution. There is only a small difference in sex distribution of the participants of this study, as shown in Figure 2 . The percentage of male interviewees was slightly higher than the percentage of female interviewees (which accounts for 60% and 40%, respectively). As seen in Figure 3 , participant age distribution was centric, between 31–50 years old, and the majority of participants were between 31 and 50 years old, accounting for 60% of the total. The percentage of participants over 51 years old was the same as that of participants of age under 30, each of these accounting for 20% of the total. Figure 4 illustrates that most suppliers selected had over 10 years of experience in the food business, with only 20% of them having under 10 years of experience.

The participants’ sex distribution.

The participants’ age distribution.

The distribution of supplies’ seniority in the food business.

2.3. Data Analysis

Interview data were organized into key themes through coding processes and iterative comparison as shown in Figure 5 . Follow-up interviews were conducted as and when necessary. The data were cleaned and transformed to extract valuable information for business intelligence acquisition. Pragmatic information was extracted for better decision making. A thematic approach to qualitative analysis was performed through deep familiarization with the data collected, and codes were extracted through coding, leading to the development of major themes focused on interviewees’ opinions, as shown in Figure 5 . These themes were further analyzed to uncover sub-themes and were structured for a comprehensive account. An iterative comparison was continuously performed until the themes and categories accurately reflected the information. In data cleaning, different terms with the same meaning, based on what the interviewees intended to say, were merged. Then, the data were summarized, clustered, and categorized based on the influencing factors specified in the research questions and then analyzed to generate insights.

Thematic data analysis diagram.

2.4. Validity

Two strategies were employed to establish validity: data blinding and data triangulation. The research comprised knowledge of organic food purchasing assessment among the present population of Northern Ireland. The sample was separated into several groups to reduce biases. The sample engaged potential consumers who purchased or were likely to purchase organic food, along with suppliers, producers, and related experts. The inclusion of multiple perspectives reduced bias toward the outcome, creating a base for valid results. The other technique adopted was to confine the amount of information shared with the respondents to ensure that the research was not biased by their predetermined notions. These steps aided in ascertaining the validity of the results gained, proving the accuracy of the qualitative research. Further, the validity of the questionnaire was established with the help of a panel of experts who reviewed the questionnaire. Consequently, inappropriate statements were removed.

2.5. Reliability

Two processes were conducted to boost reliability. First, different investigators ensured consistent results were obtained, indicating data reliability. Second, relevant literature was analyzed to support the claims of the data collection and analysis process. Careful and systematic data encoding is crucial in ensuring the efficiency of data checks. Moreover, the reliability measures relating to data triangulation provided an extensive understanding of the research aims and objectives.

3.1. Descriptive Statistics of the Participants

There was a total of 20 participants from 17 meetings, representing all types of stakeholders in the organic food ecosystem ( Figure 6 ). Most participants were customers ( n = 12; 60%), including organic food customers and its potential customers, and suppliers (n = 5, 25%), accounting for more than three-quarters of the sample. In addition, there were two experts (10%) and one organic producer (5%).

Distribution of participants by category.

3.1.1. Customers’ Profile

The customer profile in terms of age, sex, marital status, employment, and health, and organic food consumption is described in Table 2 and Figure 7 . The consumers were mostly Irish residents, with university level and above-average education and comprised eight nationalities, aged 24–58. Most of the customers were men (60%), but there was no significant difference in the number of male and female participants. The majority belonged to the 31–40 age group (40%). The second highest age group (41–60) accounted for one-third of the sample size.

Distribution of organic food consumers by age.

Consumers’ background information.

3.1.2. Analysis of Consumer Responses

The interview questions were designed to provide insight into how marketing strategies could be formulated through an understanding of consumer behavior. Thus, the analysis focused on consumers’ opinions obtained from responses to the following:

Q1: What are the significant factors in food purchasing?

Q2: What are the motivations for purchasing organic food? Are price and availability barriers to purchasing organic food?

Q3: What are the barriers to purchasing organic food? Does knowledge of organic food affect the motivation for purchasing organic food?

Q4: Do people care about the environment?

Q5: Do people have a sufficient understanding of organic food?

The interview data are summarized in Table 3 . Influencing factors such as availability, price, preference, eating habits, health concepts, and taste were extracted from the interview transcripts. Motivations for buying organic food were health concepts, eco-friendliness, taste, and cost-effectiveness. In contrast, barriers to purchases were availability, price, culture, insufficient knowledge, and food security. Most respondents connected ecological concerns with organic food. It seems that most interviewees required adequate knowledge about organic foods.

Frequencies of response themes.

3.1.3. Analysis of Producers’ and Suppliers’ Responses

Regarding the producer and suppliers’ perspectives on organic food selling, the following questions were asked in the interviews:

Q1. What are the motivations for marketing food?

Q2. What are the barriers to the marketing of organic foods?

Q3. Do food marketers care about the environment?

Q4. Do food marketers have sufficient knowledge of organic food?

Table 4 summarizes suppliers’ opinions according to their motivation, barriers, ecological concerns, and knowledge of organic food. Health concepts and profits motivate suppliers to sell organic food. Barriers to selling organic food were premium prices, consumers’ eating habits, and comprehensive knowledge of organic food. Most suppliers support the ecological concept of organic food but admit that they do not have sufficient knowledge about it.

Analysis of research questions for suppliers.

3.2. Influencing Factors and Motivations

This section summarizes the findings of the interviews. Several key themes and some direct quotes from interviewees support these arguments.

3.2.1. Why Do Customers Buy the Goods or Services You Provide?

The respondents were interviewed based on their observations on general consumer purchasing behavior. The major themes are as follows:

• Convenience/Availability/Endurance

Distribution plays an important role in the delivery channel between manufacturers and consumers.

S-1 stated: “Another key thing is your distribution; you have got to have products on every shelf… for example, Kellogg’s is famous… Heinz has three or four products on the shelves. Why do they do so well? Because people see them everywhere they go, and so form an emotional attachment. This is the result of the manufacturers’ marketing strategy, which creates a huge demand for their products in every outlet.”

C-2, a householder, noted that convenience was the most important factor for her purchase. C-1, a consumer who prefers organic products, believed “The availability comes first… then the affordability; if readily available, more people will consume it.” Andrew, the owner of a local shop, noted that “Location is very important.” Their testimonies suggest that greater availability should increase sales. “So, distribution… needs to be built, because you want to list in high volumes to get the high turnover. Well, one thing that drives it is… can the buyers buy it in a local shop?” Similar points such as shelf life and product endurance were also emphasized. Both S-1 and C-2 agreed that shelf life was important.

• Quality/Taste/Variety/Attractiveness

Product quality is an important factor in purchasing; for many, it may be among the top three factors in purchasing. S-2 believed that quality food could be an opportunity for small businesses to innovate and produce quality products. Yet, he claimed that “organic meat doesn’t taste any better than his (quality) meat.”

• Brand/Source

Branding is crucial for businesses as it creates value and emotional attachment with customers. Consumers place their faith in the most trusted brands. S-1 considers brand trust as a key reason people buy a product and the reason why many companies concentrate on branding. Many studies have focused on brand marketing [ 21 , 22 ]. C-9 and C-1 said they purchased products only from what they considered a reliable source.

Price was mentioned by many consumers, including S-1, who argued: “At the moment in the current market, price promotions are ruling the roost. They are the keys to your business… and if you are not in there, your business will struggle. You have to price accordingly to allow you to market your product on the shelf… through price reduction, driven by the current economic climate.” However, it is not always the priority; as C-5, C-12, and C-1 state, other factors such as quality or health are superior to price. Usually, middle-aged consumers with above-average education do not care much about the price. S-1 claims that “Price is not the priority, and price here does not mean cheaper, it means the right price, it may be in the top ten or (even) the top four factors at the most.” C-12 also mentioned in the interview that “Organic food is my favorite… Price is not the first concern for purchasing …I always buy them without noticing the price.” However, S-3 argued that “Organic food markets are in decline, as the recession has led consumers to be more careful about their expenditure on food and they may not be prepared to pay the premium price associated with organic food.” C-7, a semi-retired teacher, states, “We don’t buy organic as it is too expensive!”

Health issues are a popular trend in businesses today. S-1 argues that “Food can feed people; it can also kill people; many diseases like diabetes and obesity are the result of a poor (quality) diet.” C-8 also mentioned that his purchase decision is influenced by his health concerns: “I am mainly concerned about salt and especially sugar content because diabetes is a terrible disease!” He is an example of a young and highly educated representative. C-3, a German consumer who just graduated from university, thinks that “people should take care of their bodies.” C-8 believes “You are what you eat!” The problem of obesity and health concerns prompted him to start eating healthier. “The side effect of chemicals in food or medicine needs to be considered.” S-1 stated that “freshness and health will be the future trend in the food industry… For competitiveness in the food industry, we need to be innovative… However, there is always a balance between health and affordability.”

• Environment Friendliness/Social Responsibility

Most organic consumers and vegetarians have a strong scientific awareness. Both individuals and corporations pay much more attention to social responsibility these days. C-4 claims: “I will try my best to reduce energy or package waste.” C-5, C-8, and C-9 said they would recycle as much as possible and try not to waste energy. Many companies are willing to exploit social responsibility in their marketing strategies. S-3 said: “All companies are concerned about corporate responsibility and are more aware of things like carbon footprint. We as a business are also mindful of the social impact of specific marketing campaigns, and take this into account when considering any new product development or specific campaigns.”

3.2.2. What Do Customers Really Value?

The results are analyzed according to the question of what customer value, which is summarized to present how results are interpreted as significant themes (as shown in Figure 8 ).

Features most valued by consumers.

• Convenience/Efficiency/Consideration

Today, everything is expected to be “fast.” Therefore, although people mention availability, shelf-life, or product endurance, they expect to obtain something efficiently or conveniently.

Consumers look for the quality of life rather than only survival. Hence, they expect food to be aesthetically appealing, of better quality and taste, and having variety. A significant attribute of food is its ability to impart mental satisfaction, what we call pleasure. C-2 emphasized it when she said she would not buy food solely because it was healthy; it must be aesthetically pleasing and appealing enough to persuade consumers to make a purchase.

• Trust/Assurance/Reliability

The results reveal a consideration for brands or sources during purchase, as interviewees believe they give assurance of quality products that they can trust. Hence, in buying branded goods, people mostly pay for assurance and reliability.

• Value/Worth

This section seeks to discover what is behind price. Arguing that “organic food is better than artificial foods because of the latter’s adverse side effects,” C-1 talked about the long-term consequences of his unhealthy dietary pattern before he switched to organic food; his account highlighted the long-term health benefits of consuming organic foods. Furthermore, S-1 noted that consumers are willing to pay the right price and do not necessarily choose the lowest price. For example, C-12 claimed that she would not buy “Tesco’s Value Meat.” She goes to local shops to buy more expensive quality meat. These statements prove that people pursue products of value, and price is not the sole factor in the decision-making process. When they consider that the price too high, they refer to the value of products that must be appreciated and recognized. Therefore, marketers should set the right price to make customers feel that the product is worth their money.

• Sustainable Personal Happiness

Customers value healthier food to achieve happiness. E-1, a human nutrition student from a food standard agency, argued: “Health should be the priority… If you ask someone who suffers from a disease, they would tell you that there is no happiness without health.” However, C-1 would not value health unless he suffered an adverse health condition.

• Long-term Sustainability

Ecological issues or social responsibility can be interpreted as long-term sustainability, as it is a value that is appreciated over a period. In other words, if businesses want to be sustainable in the long run, they cannot disregard the importance of environmental sustainability.

3.3. Barriers to the Purchase Decision

The respondents were identified as potential customers of organic foods and were assumed to be interested in organic food. However, not all of them buy organic products, and the reasons can be attributed to several factors according to the interviewees’ responses. In this section, the barriers to organic purchasing are presented: price premium, availability, and attractiveness.

3.3.1. Price Premium

Respondents C-7 and C-6 are potential organic food customers, as C-7 has obesity and heart problems, and C-6 has a nursing background. However, they do not frequently shop for organic products. C-7 noted: “The price is too expensive… Organic food belongs to the high-medium class.” C-6 hoped: “Maybe we will buy it after the children are married and have their own family.” C-3 and C-4 have healthy eating habits, yet they both claim that they buy organic food occasionally when they can afford it. C-8 mentioned: “I have experience with organic food, but I don’t really buy it often because it is more expensive.” S-3 argued: “Consumers are not convinced of the benefits of organic food and are not prepared to pay the premium for it. The recession has seen consumers switching buying habits away from premium, high-value foods where organic foods sit. Consumers are seeking value for money now and buy what they need.” C-5, an organic food consumer, stated: “The price of organic food can also cause me to think twice and make me ask myself if it is really worth it.”

3.3.2. Availability

As S-1 mentioned, if one repeatedly sees a certain product in shops or through various marketing channels, one automatically forms an attachment to the product. C-1 added that although he was really interested in organic products, he was not sure where to purchase them, apart from his usual stores such as Tesco, Holland, and Bernard.

3.3.3. Attraction

The benefits that organic foods offer to humans and the environment are not enough to render them appealing to the customers. C-2 stated that “I will not buy it simply because it is healthier.” If organic products are placed along with other standardized products, they must be advertised or highlighted specially to make them more appealing and allow customers to distinguish them from other products. C-3 maintained, “I will buy it only when they have a promotion.” Marketers need to advertise organic products to enhance their attractiveness and convert customer interest into purchases.

3.4. Products Knowledge

3.4.1. consumers’ perspectives.

Among the respondents, most of the organic consumers are teachers or lecturers in schools. When asked about the understanding of organic food, common replies are “Organic food is natural, healthier and good for the environment.” This is correct but not sufficient. C-5, an organic food consumer, said, “I …purchased organic food in the past, but there are so many arguments about its value as opposed to non-organic foods that I am now undecided. I know what I have heard on TV and radio, which I suppose is not much. I have not attended any lectures or read articles about these types of food.” C-8 mentioned, “I think not eating a lot of meat is better than buying organic food. Of course, both would be best. I know that organic food is environmentally friendly. I also believe that animals are at least supposed to have a better life. The thing that concerns me is the safety of organic food because some things like pesticides are not used. I think enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC bacteria) is a risk in consuming organic food.”

3.4.2. Suppliers’ Perspectives

S-1 was of the opinion that organic products are considered product innovations that respond to the current trends in the demand for healthier and higher-quality products. The science behind organic food, or the definition of organic food, is of less importance to S-1 than sales and profit. Similarly for S-3, what matters are profits and business benefits, and therefore, he tends to promote conventional products to please more customers. S-2 claimed he sought to offer quality products for business benefits, irrespective of whether these were organic products. When it comes to selling, he would pay attention to healthier and more natural trends.

3.4.3. Producers’ and Suppliers’ Perspectives

Undoubtedly, producers have the most accurate and competent understanding of organic products. They not only consider the products themselves, but also all manufacturing processes. Suppliers can be divided into three types based on their attitude toward the market: health-focused, profit-focused, and market-focused, as shown in Figure 9 . S-4, an organic supplier and producer, plays a health-focused role, as his business concern is based on health, while S-1 and S-2 will observe market trends to adjust their business direction and lie between health-focused and profit-focused suppliers. We call them market-focused suppliers, as they pay keen attention to quality and health products. S-3, a non-organic supplier, pays attention to cost and profit concerns, making him a profit-focused supplier. While profit-focused suppliers view business differently from market-focused and health-focused suppliers, they pay attention to social responsibilities as well.

Comparison of focus between suppliers and producers.

• Education of Consumers

Only the producer is aware of the differences between organic and non-organic products. It seems that customers do not have sufficient understanding of organic products. Therefore, there is a need to educate people and provide them with accurate information. As C-2 stated, “If someone told me the specific benefits of organic food, I will buy it.” Both C-1 and S-2 agree that education is important.

• Communication with Customers

Consumers do not possess the same level of knowledge as producers, as their information is mostly sourced from mass media and newspapers. Thus, if the media provides a negative report on organic products, it will affect their confidence in consuming them. Therefore, producers must engage in proactive communication with customers. Otherwise, consumers will have to rely on information from websites or media and can be often misled.

4. Discussion

This section presents and discusses the findings in relation to those of previous studies, demonstrating how they confirm or complement published literature. It also discusses the implications of the findings, presents new findings with respect to marketing strategies for organic products, and indicates future research directions.

4.1. Main Findings

The study explored the influencing factors and barriers to organic food purchasing, as well as the product knowledge of various stakeholders in the ecosystem shown as Table 5 . It found that factors such as availability, variety, taste, quality, brand, source, price, health, and environmental friendliness affect consumers’ purchase intentions and behaviors. Consumers value convenience, pleasure, assurance, value, happiness, and sustainability (see Figure 8 ). Certain barriers prevent people from purchasing organic food, such as price premium, availability, and lack of appeal. Although knowledge of organic food is diverse among different stakeholders, education is helpful in promoting comprehensive understanding. Family style and globalization are interesting factors that were not mentioned in the interviews, but social responsibility is a common ground for suppliers and producers from different backgrounds. The principal findings converge to three research themes for further discussion:

• How can value be delivered?
• How much do customers understand the products?
• Who are the best customers for organic products?

Factors affecting consumers purchasing decisions.

4.2. A Comparative Discussion of the Findings and the Literature

The model of “market-led innovation” shown in Figure 10 is used to discuss the findings, as it fulfills the aims and objectives of this study. This model suggests that strategy, system, and people are the three pillars required to maintain customer loyalty. These three elements were extracted to further discuss the three research themes mentioned above. The results of this study identify the pursuit of the current trend of better quality and health concepts, suggesting the current understanding of how innovative marketing strategies can help achieve sustainable business success. Although the price premium is considered as a critical barrier to organic food purchasing, given that customers are especially prudent in their spending when the economy is depressed, what they care for is the “value” rather than the “cost” of the organic product. If the value of the price is recognized, customers will purchase the product. Therefore, the delivery of this value will be discussed in the next subsection.

Market-led innovation: systems [ 18 ].

4.2.1. Value Delivery

• Availability

The element of “system” from market-led innovation (shown in Figure 10 ) is extracted to discuss how value is delivered with the themes of availability, branding, and communication from the findings (shown in Figure 8 ). As mentioned before, availability is significant in promoting organic business, and people today expect more efficient access. The literature suggests that greener products should be made available in mainstream outlets [ 21 , 23 ]. Regardless of the excellence of a product, it is necessary to ensure its availability to consumers [ 23 ]. Unless the systems can deliver high-quality products, marketing is nothing more than an aspiration. Therefore, the role of product availability in attracting consumer demand is critical [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. S-5 admits that their store would have better sales performance if they had a better location and logistics system. The literature also supports that improvement of nutritional quality and availability of healthy foods can promote their purchase [ 26 ]. Availability is a critical factor that impacts customers’ total purchase costs and consequently affects their consumption behavior [ 27 , 28 ]. In addition, S-1 agrees that the exposition of products will increase their attachment to customers, which is why many branding companies include it in their strategic planning. Thus, the ability of an organization to assemble internal and external networks to work together determines the effectiveness of its supply chain or value delivery system.

The system theme refers to an effective organization that addresses value through core networks as well as through appropriate branding. Brand consciousness is one of the vital styles affecting consumer decision-making of organic products [ 29 ]. According to the interviews, S-1 believes in the power of branding, and C-9 also purchases branded products. If a company expects to build a strong position, brand recognition by consumers is crucial. It allows them to have power in the network and is usually suitable for most of the value created. Brand reputation influences the relationship between consumer values and attitudes. The higher the brand reputation, the stronger the motivation of consumers to buy organic food. Branding improves the value delivery of a product [ 29 , 30 ]. Further, both the additional constructs (environmental consciousness and health consciousness) were also found to be significant [ 31 ], enhancing the image of organic food in potentially influencing consumers’ subjective wellbeing [ 32 ].

• Communication

Communication with customers serves as an essential strategy to deliver value in marketing through advertisements or promotions as well as through the translation of images and concepts to consumers. Research suggests that consumers occasionally encounter morality calls to be green by buying environmentally friendly products, and they may feel guilty if they do not follow through on this [ 33 ]. However, this feeling is not always translated into purchase behavior. The literature implies that brilliant images sell better than “the sense of guilt” [ 33 , 34 ]. As value is never appreciated via guilt, it lacks meaning and purpose. Marketers should deliver positive images such as a “happy plant” when they are promoting green businesses to inform the customers that organic products are not only healthier but have additional benefits and are worth the premium [ 35 ]. Moreover, emotionally stirring information such as “simple things you can do to save the earth” or “small step, big changes” need to be communicated to consumers to encourage them (S-5). Current research indicates that although most participants seemed concerned about the environment, their concern did not translate into organic consumption. Those who purchase organic food are mainly driven by issues such as price, availability, and labeling of organic products. This indicates that marketers should focus on the communication of organic benefits to consumers to gain consumer trust [ 36 ]. Accordingly, creative communication strategies should be developed to overcome the barriers to consumption. The packaging design that promotes the organizational image plays a significant role in value distribution [ 37 , 38 ]. According to our interview-based research, consumers are not aware of professional information from producers. Their information is mostly from mass media. Thus, if there is a negative report in the media, it will affect their confidence in consuming organic products.

4.2.2. Education

The “people” element is proposed to discuss how a vision can be communicated through leaders and staff to customers and how much customers understand the products with the theme of education (shown in Figure 11 ). The results of the interviews indicate that respondents have little understanding of organic products and believe that organic products are in general natural, healthier, and good for the environment, and follow strict rules that make them different from other healthy or more natural products [ 39 ]. However, if consumers do not realize their true value, they will question why they need to purchase them. As C-5 argued, arguments for organic food may affect her confidence in purchasing it. C-8 considers that the issue of E. Coli may stop him from buying, and a stronger reason is required to persuade him to pay a premium for organic food. These findings indicate the necessity of educating consumers. The literature supports the argument that consumers will pay a premium if they know a product is cost-effective in the long term [ 40 ]. However, knowing the benefits of organic food and educating the target segment is critical. As C-1 believes: “Only organic consumers know the value.” Marketers should work on promoting comprehensive knowledge of organic products through education such that the bright side of organic products such as assurance of safety, happiness, and enjoyment can be appreciated.

Market-led innovation: people-commitment and capability [ 18 ].

Doyle and Bridgewater’s market-led innovation theory that promotes the use of the commitment and capabilities of organizational staff can be employed as a solution here [ 18 ]. In this theory, the development of the organization’s systems and implementation of its strategy relies on the commitment and skills of its staff; it is the key element of organizational effectiveness. The staff need to be trained to deliver the company’s vision to customers. As S-2 noted, their goal is to take care of people’s health by talking to people and marketing locally. Undoubtedly, the duties of an organic business include educating consumers about the vision of the organic future [ 41 , 42 ]. Both suppliers and consumers agree with the necessity of education that comprises not only imparting professional knowledge, but also concepts and ideas. According to our findings, some consumers doubt whether the cost of organic products is worth the premium and the value promised. Some advertisements overpromote organic products. It may attract consumers in the beginning, but consumers may end up losing confidence if they do not get what they expect. Honesty is the best policy in this case [ 43 , 44 ].

4.2.3. Dynamic Customer Focus

The element of strategy in Figure 12 is discussed alongside the theme of dynamic customer focus to communicate how to fulfill unmet needs, technologically aware, innovation, and quality. Although positive and negative opinions regarding organic food remain diverse, specifically targeting market segments may provide opportunities for success. Trying to satisfy everyone is a marketing disaster [ 45 ]. According to C-1 and C-12, both organic food consumers, organic-product customers are healthier and more affluent, educated, and eco-friendly. They believe that health and quality are more important than taste and price. C-1 and C-12 are in teaching; C-12 purchases organic products for their health benefits, while C-1 aims to become healthier by consuming organic food. Therefore, customers who share these similarities may be a potential segment for organic products. By matching brand/product images, the correct approaches to attract the right consumers more effectively can be identified [ 46 ].

Market-led innovation: strategy [ 18 ].

4.3. Summary

The secret of profitability is to retain customer loyalty while attracting new customers. The organic food business is no exception to this. This study used a market-led innovation framework and applied it to the organic food business. The content of three pillars—strategy, system, and people—were enriched by the results of this study shown as Figure 13 . First, marketers should offer quality products or services to win customers’ satisfaction and retain customer loyalty. This framework suggests the element of strategy to fulfill dynamic customer focus, through identifying unmet needs with quality products and constant innovations, as organic food customers usually expect quality products with a variety of choice and taste. Second, the system of value delivery can use not only the power of partnership and branding stores, but also the disruptive capability of new technologies to offer the value of availability. Based on this, new technologies such as e-commerce and social media promotion can help with an effective organization. Third, how to communicate a products’ vision and educate customers should be the focus of people’s commitment and capability in the organic food business.

The framework of market-led innovation for organic food (organized by the authors based on the framework of Doyle and Bridgewater, 2012 [ 18 ]).

4.4. Implications and Recommendations

Developing partnerships and branding may help increase the publicity of products. E-commerce and logistic system formulation and improvement are recommended to remove obstacles to availability. Increasing the appeal and educating customers on the benefits of consuming organic food may help overcome the barrier of price; once they see the value of the products, they may be willing to pay a premium. The results suggest that the segment of customers, who have more affluence, higher education, better health, and eco-awareness, are more willing and can afford to purchase organic products. Marketers should focus on appropriate segmentation for effective marketing. Producers must engage in a more proactive approach in communicating with customers. Honestly informing consumers of the advantages and disadvantages of organic products may be the best way in the long run. Some potential consumers may be interested in organic products; however, the premium price may prevent them from purchasing, or they may believe that only the upper-medium class will go organic. Marketers need to encourage potential customers to keep an open mind for organic products. Affordability is always a matter of purchase behavior. Nevertheless, some consumers may not buy all organic materials, but they may start their organic experience via small purchases. Thus, the marketer should educate customers that everyone can “go organic”. This suggests that eating habits and preferences are prone to change. Marketers need to carefully observe consumers, as many opportunities may emerge at any time. Therefore, more creative inputs are required to innovate marketing strategies for business success.

4.5. Limitations and Future Study

The research could not cover the entire region of Northern Ireland because of time and travel constraints. The non-inclusion of major retail stores, due to their inability to put forward a spokesperson, could be viewed as a limitation; however, the multinational stores usually have in place a well-thought-out and well-researched marketing strategy. Although various perspectives were explored to enrich this study, this study is limited to those who were willing to agree to be interviewed. Despite the limited interview samples, the results offer a preliminary foundation for formulating a large-scale survey. The factors, motivations, and barriers identified can build up the content of quantitative-based questionnaires. Combined with qualitative study approaches, a mixed-method study can be developed accordingly to enrich and even enhance the content of organic food marketing. The framework for the organic food business can be further developed and modified as a theoretic model based on the outcomes of quantitative studies or mixed-method studies in future research.

5. Conclusions

This pilot study identified factors, motivations, and barriers to purchasing organic food to explore how market-led innovation strategy can fuel organic products business growth. The factors that persuade customers to purchase organic products are convenience, availability, variety, quality, brand and source, price, health, taste, and environmental friendliness, while the barriers to their purchase are premium price, availability, and lack of appeal. Results suggest that consumers do not need to be protected from the reality of organic food. The recommendation for marketers is to enhance the education of consumers and to pursue clear communication with them, as honesty may be the best policy here. Customers’ loyalty lies in trust, not in the brand. The results also show that availability, variety, and taste are the top three factors affecting consumers’ purchase decisions. Surprisingly, price or health consciousness is not the first concern for consumers; moreover, and contrary to general beliefs, the concept of health and socio-economic or even ecological awareness determine customers’ purchasing behavior. To conclude, customers appreciate the value delivered from the idea of “organic” rather than the product itself. Overall, the positive image of organic food contributes more to sales. Moreover, the study suggests that market-led innovation can be a good mechanism to enable organic products business growth through its three pillars of strategy, system, and people to achieve customer loyalty. Marketers are encouraged to deliver their value propositions based on the inner needs of their target customers for sharing the organic future together with them.

Acknowledgments

This study acknowledges Geoff Simon for his guidance and constructive input to this study. We also want to thank those experts who gave of their precious time to participate in the structured interviews and contribution to this work. A special appreciation goes to friends, Ray Palmer, Michiel Luteijn, and Catriona, who helped in proofreading and encouraging toward completing this work.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, methodology, and draft writing, S.C.-I.C.; writing—review and editing, C.L.; software and investigation, F.A.; funding and supervision, writing—review and editing, Z.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

This research was funded by Qingdao University (No. DC 2100001487), East China Normal University, and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 71672060; No. 72072057).

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International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management

ISSN : 0959-6119

Article publication date: 10 April 2017

The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the foodservice and restaurant literature that has been published over the past 10 years in the top hospitality and tourism journals. This information will be used to identify the key trends and topics studied over the past decade, and help to identify the gaps that appear in the research to identify opportunities for advancing future research in the area of foodservice and restaurant management.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper takes the form of a critical review of the extant literature that has been done in the foodservice and restaurant industries. Literature from the past 10 years will be qualitatively assessed to determine trends and gaps in the research to help guide the direction for future research.

The findings show that the past 10 years have seen an increase in the number of and the quality of foodservice and restaurant management research articles. The topics have been diverse and the findings have explored the changing and evolving segments of the foodservice industry, restaurant operations, service quality in foodservice, restaurant finance, foodservice marketing, food safety and healthfulness and the increased role of technology in the industry.

Research limitations/implications

Given the number of research papers done over the past 10 years in the area of foodservice, it is possible that some research has been missed and that some specific topics within the breadth and depth of the foodservice industry could have lacked sufficient coverage in this one paper. The implications from this paper are that it can be used to inform academics and practitioners where there is room for more research, it could provide ideas for more in-depth discussion of a specific topic and it is a detailed start into assessing the research done of late.

Originality/value

This paper helps foodservice researchers in determining where past research has gone and gives future direction for meaningful research to be done in the foodservice area moving forward to inform academicians and practitioners in the industry.

• Hospitality management
• Restaurants
• Food and beverage
• Foodservice research

DiPietro, R. (2017), "Restaurant and foodservice research: A critical reflection behind and an optimistic look ahead", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management , Vol. 29 No. 4, pp. 1203-1234. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2016-0046

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The basic aim of food industry research and development (R&D) is to create new products and launch them successfully on the market. Some specific aims of strategic R&D are to: reduce costs which lowers product prices; enhance sensory properties that make food more attractive; improve nutritional value to provide for dietary needs; improve food safety; add convenience; and offer greater choices of food items to consumers. These benefits come either from constant gradual product improvement or a significant product step change. The latter usually comes from new technology—crop, ingredient, process, storage—but it can also come from a new understanding of consumer needs.

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Earle, M.D., Earle, R.L. (1997). Food Industry Research and Development. In: Wallace, L.T., Schroder, W.R. (eds) Government and the Food Industry: Economic and Political Effects of Conflict and Co-Operation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6221-4_8

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Culinary and Food Research Topics: 100 Tasty Ideas for Students

The world of food is intriguing because of how it permeates every aspect of our life. In today’s fast-paced digital world, processed and fast food have risen to become the dominant options in the culinary scene.

The convenience of these choices is appealing, but they have also raised some health concerns. Therefore, it is crucial to look into food research paper topics. Research in this area is very important for a variety of reasons, including ensuring food safety, understanding the effects of the food industry, and discovering new sources of healthy food.

Here, we explore the varied world of food to provide you with some interesting research paper topics on this fascinating subject.

Food Research Paper Topics on Nutrition

Understanding the effects of food on our health requires extensive research on nutrition-related subjects. Included in the broad category of food research paper topics are issues like food safety, fast food, organic food, and even the food industry.

Exploring this topic via study helps us learn more about healthy food options, food science, and dietary practices. In addition, Edusson writing service can offer professionally written research papers on these subjects, with reliable sources and organized analysis.

• The Role of Dietary Fiber in Preventing Chronic Diseases.
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Topics for food research papers on food safety and quality control are very important for resolving issues in the food industry, as a whole. These discussions dive into food science and other related fields to find solutions to problems with food quality and safety.

A safer food system and greater public health are the direct results of research paper efforts to identify potential risks, and strengthen relevant laws. Listed below are some suggestions for research paper topics on the subjects of Food Safety and Quality Control:

• Investigating the Relationship Between Food Allergies and Food Safety Measures.
• Junk Food Intake on Food Safety Standards.
• Quality Control Systems in the Food Industry.
• The Role of Food Science in Enhancing Food Safety and Quality.
• Nutritional Profile and Safety of Fast Foods.
• Food Safety Regulations on the Fast Food Sector.
• Food Safety Measures and Waste Reduction.
• Food Safety and Quality Control in Preventing Foodborne Illnesses.
• Consumer Perceptions of Organic Foods and Food Safety.
• Food Safety Practices and Food Industry Sustainability.

Culinary Traditions and cultural heritage

Food research paper topics on culinary traditions and cultural heritage include a society’s history, values, and identity via food customs and recipes. Culinary research paper topics are important because they show how food has influenced different civilizations and foster understanding.

Fast food’s health impacts, food science, human nutrition, and overlooked regional cuisines are research paper topics in this area. Explore the paper topics samples below to help spark ideas for your next research paper:

• Culinary Traditions in Preserving Cultural Identity.
• Rediscovering Forgotten Culinary Traditions.
• Traditional Diets and Nutrition.
• Protecting Culinary Traditions and Intangible Cultural Heritage.
• Diaspora Food Traditions: Migrant Food Practices.
• Cultural Appropriation vs. Culinary Appreciation.
• From Antiquity to the Present: A History of Food and Cooking.
• The Impact of Globalization on Culinary Traditions
• Impact of Colonial Powers on Indigenous Food Practices.
• Culinary Traditions and Generational Shifts: Examining Age-Related Food Preferences and Preparation Methods.

Food Systems and Policy

The terms food systems and food policies refer to the intricate webs of relationships and rules that shape the food supply chain from farm to fork. Writing about food topics for research paper is important for a number of reasons. It aids policymakers in their quest for long-term, equitable answers to problems including fast food, junk food, food poisoning, and food science. Investigating food research paper topics in this field can  help us encourage constructive improvements to our food systems.

• Food Systems and Policies in Addressing Food Insecurity and Hunger.
• Organic Food Policies and Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Conservation.
• The Role of Government Regulations in Reducing Food Wastage Throughout the Supply Chain.
• Food Systems and the Promotion of Human Nutrition and Well-Being.
• Suggested Policies to Tackle Food Addiction and the Unhealthy Consumption of Junk Foods.
• Economic Implications of Organic Food Production and Marketing.
• Psychological Factors Contributing to Food Addiction and Its Implications for Policy.
• Possible Policies on Food Technologies on the Quality and Safety of Processed Foods.
• Agricultural Subsidies on Food Security and Sustainability.
• Social and Economic Implications of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in the Food System.

Culinary Innovations

Innovations in the kitchen are major steps forward for the food industry. They feature deviations from conventional cooking in the ways of method, ingredients, and presentation. Researching food related topics in this field is essential for making advances in fast food, the culinary arts, and other related fields. Improved food quality, sustainability, and health are all possible outcomes of selecting a food research paper topic in this field.

Exploring food research paper topics in this field helps us find ways to improve our diets and have more enjoyable dining experiences. Here are some examples of culinary arts research paper topics to get you thinking about your own research topic about food;

• Culinary Innovations and Healthy Fast Foods
• Plant-Based and Vegan Culinary Innovations: A Growing Trend in The Food Industry
• Culinary Innovations on Fast Food Employee Training and Skill Development
• Role of Molecular Gastronomy in Culinary Innovations
• Sustainability and Culinary Innovations: Exploring Eco-Friendly Food Production
• Culinary Innovations in Food Packaging and Preservation
• Role of Food Science in Culinary Innovations: From Molecules to Dishes
• Social and Environmental Implications of Culinary Innovations in Fast Food Industry
• Culinary Innovations in Food Education
• Nutritional Implications of Culinary Innovations in Fast Food Menu Items

Food and psychology, consumer behavior

The interesting relationship between food and our minds is explored in food research topics on psychology and consumer behavior. This research examines mental, emotional, and sensory variables that influence human diets, such as the media’s effect on fast food intake.

Food related research topics in this discipline aim to understand consumer behavior and create effective ways to promote healthier eating choices. The effects of social media on eating habits and the psychology of food cravings are among the many food research paper topics available.

• Fast Food Packaging Design on Consumer Perception and Purchase Behavior.
• Sensory Marketing and Its Influence on Food Choices and Consumer Behavior.
• Psychological Factors that Drive Food Intake During Times of Stress.
• Social Media and Its Influence on Food Choices and Eating Behaviors.
• Food Advertising and Its Effects on Children’s Food Preferences and Consumption Patterns.
• Food Neophobia in Shaping Consumer Attitudes and Behaviors Towards New Food Products.
• Understanding Its Influence on Dietary Choices and Well-Being.
• Food Imagery and Visual Cues in Shaping Consumer Perceptions and Preferences.
• The Effects of Different Labeling Strategies on Consumer Behavior.
• Mood and Emotions in Food-Related Decision-Making and Consumption Behaviors.

Research Topics on Food Science

Among the many things that go under the umbrella of food science topics are nutritional analysis, sensory assessment, and various methods of safety and preservation of food. Improving food quality, addressing new issues, and creating novel solutions all need more study in this field.

If you’re interested in making a significant contribution to the development of food science, consulting a research paper guide might be a great resource for doing so. The following are some examples of potential food science research topics:

• Food Processing Techniques on Nutrient Retention and Bioavailability.
• Exploring the Potential Health Benefits of Functional Foods Fortified with Probiotics.
• Factors Influencing Consumer Acceptance of Genetically Modified (GM) Foods.
• Role of Antioxidants in Preventing Food Deterioration and Extending Product Shelf Life.
• Fast Food Production Practices on Food Safety and Microbial Contamination.
• Potential of Plant-Based Proteins as a Sustainable Alternative to Animal-Based Proteins.
• Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Traditional Fermented Foods.
• The Role of Food Additives in the Development of Food Allergies and Intolerances
• Food Storage Conditions and the Formation of Harmful Substances, Such as Acrylamide and Aflatoxins
• Fast Food Packaging Materials and The Migration of Harmful Chemicals Into Food Products

Argumentative Food Research Topics

In the realm of argumentative food research, a wide variety of controversial food topics are examined and argued. This field lays the groundwork for food argumentative essay ideas, allowing us to dive into the nuances of food-related problems and examine their effects on people, the planet, and agriculture.

Delving into argumentative essay topics about food, allows us to learn more about the pros and cons of various dietary options. Our selection of theme ideas might assist, whether you’re looking for fast food argumentative essay topics or more traditional food arguments topics.

• Should Genetically Modified Crops Be Embraced or Banned? Assessing the Implications for Agriculture and Food Security.
• Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and Human Health: Examining the Evidence and Debunking Misconceptions
• Sugar Consumption on Obesity and Chronic Diseases: Is Sugar the Main Culprit?
• Organic vs. Conventional Farming: Evaluating the Environmental and Health Implications
• Benefits and Drawbacks of Meat Consumption: Is a Plant-Based Diet Superior?
• Fast Food Chains and the Global Obesity Epidemic: Is Regulation the Solution?
• Are Food Allergens Safe and Health?
• Is the Western Diet Responsible for The Rise in Chronic Diseases? Investigating the Link Between Diet and Health Conditions.
• Should Food Education Be a Mandatory Part of the School Curriculum? Assessing the Importance of Nutrition Knowledge for Children.
• Is There a Connection Between Food Insecurity and Obesity? Investigating the Paradoxical Relationship and Potential Solutions.

Interesting Food Research Paper Topics for College/University Projects

There is a plethora of interesting food topics available in the realm of food research, making it ideal for use in academic writing. Students that are interested in nutrition, food science, sustainability, and the culinary arts can find many food topics to research to investigate.

To better understand food-related concerns, boost public health, and tackle global difficulties like food security, research topics about food are crucial. Buying research papers for sale might be helpful for students looking for both speed and quality. It helps them save time, gives them access to articles produced by experts, and provides useful information that may direct their own studies.

• Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors.
• Cultural and Social Significance of Traditional Foods in Different Ethnic Communities.
• Impact of Climate Change on Food Production and Global Food Security.
• Relationship between Food Allergies and the Gut Microbiome.
• School-based Nutrition Interventions on Students’ Dietary Behaviors and Academic Performance.
• Relationship between Food Wastage and Environmental Sustainability.
• Genetic Engineering in Food Production: Benefits, Risks, and Ethical Considerations.
• Potential Health Benefits of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals.
• Food Additives and Human Health.
• Safety and Efficacy of Novel Food Ingredients and Food Supplements.

Food Sustainability and Waste Reduction

The food industry is an important framework in which to consider the themes of food sustainability and waste reduction. They are concerned with the sustainability of our food system, including its production, distribution, and consumption.

Researching the problems associated with fast food and related themes, such as fast food research topics or fast food essay topics, is crucial. We can reduce food waste, save resources, and build a more resilient food system for future generations if we work together to find new ways to do things and get the word out.

• Analyzing the Role of Technology in Reducing Food Wastage.
• Organic Farming and How It Fosters Reducing Food Wastage.
• Packaging Design and Minimizing Food Wastage.
• Promoting Sustainable Diets for Reducing Environmental Impact.
• The Impact of Food Wastage on Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
• Economic Implications of Food Waste Reduction.
• Potential of Edible Food Packaging Materials.
• Sustainable Approaches to Managing Food Surplus.
• Sustainable Strategies for Reducing Food Loss During Transportation.
• The Efficiency of Composting Systems for Food Management.

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• FOOD & DRINK

4 IDEAL MARKET RESEARCH METHODS FOR FOOD BUSINESSES

FOCUS GROUPS

Observation, sample the competition, the bottom line.

Marketing 101: in-depth research is the hallmark of any great marketing campaign. In fact, comprehensive research should be the cornerstone of product and service development, too. Because unless you understand your audience, you can’t satisfy their needs, solve their problems or satiate their desires. And if you can’t do that as a business, then you might as well give up.

To do this, you’ll need to spend time learning more about your target demographic and your market as a whole. But how can food companies engage in effective research? Can you test your products without giving your competitors a glimpse of your new product range? How do you turn feedback into an effective food marketing strategy? Where do you find willing research participants? How many more rhetorical questions can we get away with?

To shed some light and settle on the best methodology to help your food business gain the upper hand on its rivals, read on; here are 4 IDEAL market research methods for food businesses.

Let’s start by saying this; the hospitality sector is a unique beast, full of potential and pitfalls which just don’t apply to other industries. Counterintuitive to a whole host of other sectors, where hospitality and market research are concerned, there’s only so much you can achieve online. The very nature of a food business is in the sensory experience, and evaluation of your offering is often more succinctly achieved in person.

A focus group may be a fairly traditional form of market research, but it’s still widely used, particularly in the food and hospitality industries. By bringing individuals from your target audience together in one location, you’ll have the opportunity to present products, ideas, concepts and designs. Following this, you can open the forum for open-ended discussion and/or ask participants set questions about what they’ve seen, heard and sampled. 

The focus group represents a great way to obtain qualitative data, but it can be time-consuming. Depending on how many people take part, you may only have a relatively small sample size. This means the process will need to be repeated numerous times to gather meaningful data on a large scale. But it is worth it for the first hand, sensory perspective.

Indeed, focus groups are one of the most effective sampling methods for niche food businesses that are targeting a relatively small audience. When your target demographic is small, the views and opinions of respondents tend to be narrower.

For start up food businesses and luxury food brands alike, focus groups offer an effective way to engage with individuals from your target audience on a one-to-one basis and obtain feedback directly from potential customers. 

Phew, that sounds simple. Spoiler alert: it isn’t. Observing your target audience may seem like a somewhat passive form of research but it can be surprisingly helpful when you’re developing a product, service or marketing strategy. As a covert form of research, it negates the possibility of participants providing false or inauthentic feedback. In addition to this, it prevents participants from unintentionally recalling incorrect information. 

If you ask someone why they chose a particular product, for example, they could overthink the question and give you a false insight into their consumer behaviour. In reality, it’s likely that a significant element of their decision-making process was made subconsciously. By simply observing consumer behaviour, there’s so much to be learned about decisions made in the natural habitat of the shop or restaurant floor.

With observation, however, you are able to see your target audience behaving completely naturally. Although you won’t necessarily get the ‘why?’ behind their behaviours, you will get the ‘what’ and the ‘how’, and gain the opportunity to track their purchase behaviour and get an insight into how they shop and eat.

As food and drink products are routinely sold in stores, this is a great option for food companies. While analytics will allow you to follow the customer’s journey online, covert observation gives you key insights into in-store behaviour. By combining these two methodologies, you can learn a substantial amount about how your target audience approaches food-related purchases, and gain a more implicit understanding of the UK hospitality sector, too.

In the digital era, conducting market research surveys is easier than ever. This means they can be carried out at minimal cost, which is perfect for smaller companies that are working to a tight budget. Furthermore, surveys can be carried out quickly and the data made available immediately. If you need urgent feedback before finalising a prototype or making last-minute changes to a design, an online survey will allow you to obtain the data you need in a matter of hours or days. 

Although food companies can use online imagery and videos to showcase designs to participants, your surveys can gather additional information too. By shipping goods to willing participants, for example, you can give them the chance to sample your products before submitting their feedback. Be warned that responses will usually be skewed in favour of positivity here (due to the ‘gifted’ nature of the sample), so don’t simply go for a YES/NO or ranking survey answer system. Instead, ask for description and detail.

While this is a little more resource-intensive than online-only surveys, it is more cost-effective than implementing face-to-face research sessions and still provides useful and insightful data. 

As if you needed an excuse. But knowledge is power, as they say, and to expand yours in the name of market research, you’re going to need to understand what makes your competition tick. And, of course, how they taste.

Focus on your competitors’ strengths and weaknesses, equally, to help you get the measure your rivals in an impartial way. In many cases, and though it might feel illogical, you should celebrate their achievements; it shows success in the market and presents the potential for you to improve on their offering and clean up. This, of course, is only possible if you get to know your competitors inside and out. 

Check out this useful article on four ways to use market research to size up your competition for more on the subject. Though it doesn’t only refer to food businesses, the logic can be applied here to more niche market segments.

Unless you understand your target audience, you’re going to struggle to sell to them. When buying food and drink, in particular, people are driven by emotion, loyalty and intuition. By conducting accurate research, you can learn more about your future customer base. This invaluable information will help to ensure your products and services provide genuine value to your core demographic. Similarly, you’ll find that the information you collate helps you to create innovative and effective marketing campaigns for your own brand. 

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10 Sample survey questions for a tasty new food product

Creating a successful food product depends on crucial market insights. Check out these sample survey questions for a new food product to get you started.

What is a new food product survey?

New food product survey questions, what information do you need to develop a successful food product, survey question examples for new food products , what are you bringing to the table next.

Whenever you try to build something new, it’s best done together, right? 

In your food product development process, you don’t just say ‘bon appétit’ when you market a new product and put it in front of your ideal customer. What if they don’t care for it at all?

Take a step back. Try to create something together .

How? No need to invite a bunch of hungry customers to your production facility and let them play with ingredients. With a new food product survey, you can perfectly gauge what they’re hungry for and create a product that’s a match made in heaven. 

We’re following up our recent guide on market research for product development with some practical examples of survey questions you can use. This article will focus specifically on food products, but make sure to also take a peek if you’re stuck on another type of product — we’re sure you’ll find some inspiration either way.

How exactly can you use a survey to create a new food product? It’s not like your customers know what resources and ideas you have. 

It’s all about timing. Once you’ve come out of the woods of the initial ideation phase and are playing with different options, it’s time to ask the public. You’ll be building on options that you’ve verified to be viable in that initial stage, based on your market research, of course. 

At the same time, you’ll use the survey to scratch away any ideas that your customer base doesn’t like, leaving you with a most-desirable product.

So essentially, a food product survey isn’t a build-your-perfect-snack survey for your customers. It’s a tool that will help you determine which options that you’ve already played with are most likely to form a recipe for success.

Regardless of if you’re sending out a survey vs a questionnaire , you’ll need to ask the right questions, or find out how to write good survey questions . These are some of the best:

1. What are you trying to solve by using our product?

2. What are you missing in food product category X ?

3. If you could substitute one of the flavours we sell, which one would it be and what for?

4. what foods do you like to combine product x with, 5. if you could adapt one thing in product x, which would be the first thing, 6. if you could magnify one aspect of our product, what would it be, 7. how would you like to put product x to some other use, 8. if you could eliminate something from your diet, what would it be.

9. What food habits would you like to replace, and with what?

10. How well do you think the idea for this particular product fits our brand?

Get reliable insights into your target customers

Check our list of the top market research providers to make sure you choose the right tool for your goals

A new food product survey shouldn’t be a carte blanche with all the options your food scientists can create. You make it more specific and tie it to, ideally, one objective.

Before we get into the list, here are some of the most exciting direct-to-consumer food brands to whet your appetite. And insightful new product research isn’t limited to food products—here are some successful brands who’ve tested beverage branding ideas with consumer research.

What are you trying to achieve from the survey? 

Let’s look at some of the factors that play a role in food products.

• Taste: salted caramel, cheesy onion… you name it. What taste are your customers missing in the shelves from your brand — and others?
• Size: would your customers like to have a travel-sized version of some of their favourite foods — or would they like a bag of crisps that’s larger than life?
• Nutrition: how well does a certain product fit into the lifestyle and goals of your customers? What are they missing that would get them to reach those goals faster?
• Occasion: when is the product being consumed? For what moment does a consumer need something extra?

You can’t ask your customers to fill in all the blanks. You should use the survey to fill in the blanks you can’t just assume. Let’s say your market research has shown that there’s a considerable demand for one-person portions of healthy vegan meals, for the microwave. That ticks the boxes for size, nutrition and occasion. 

But you’re missing an important element: taste. This is what you can find out in your survey. 

What information do you need to develop a successful product?

It depends on who you ask. 

Product managers tend to say “go” if a product concept does not look bad; researchers want to say “stop” unless it looks good. Jay E. Klompmaker, G. David Hughes & Russell I. Haley, Test Marketing in New Product Development

There’s a difference between a product reaching certain requirements, and it being set up for success. Product managers want to launch a successful product. Researchers want to prevent expensive failed launches.

Of course, you’ll need both, but a new product survey and ad copy testing should be used for product managers — to reach for excellence and step away from the status quo. The bare minimum that your product needs to succeed needs to be established before you launch a survey. What you’ll get from the survey is almost literally the icing on the cake of your new product.

So, what information do you need to develop a successful product?

Find out what customers are missing in the supermarket. What flavours they could not stop buying if they exist. What products they haven’t been buying because of their dietary restrictions. 

Or gather information that will help you create a product that is unique in some way. Go beyond learning what products your customers already love — use that only as your baseline. 

Organic Valley has used Attest go find out what flavours to introduce next – and what to name them.

“We were able to identify the top three flavors that we then wanted to bring into the pilot labs. But while our primary insight was around flavors, we also got back a secondary unanticipated insight around how the consumers were clustered around the naming of products as well. 

It wasn’t just around choosing the right flavor but it was choosing the right flavor in the context of a broader name. To get specific, one of the options was ‘spicy tomato salsa egg bites’ and the consumers said it reminded them of the Mexican dish huevos rancheros. And so then we were able to test ‘spicy tomato salsa egg bites’ versus ‘Mexican egg bites with rancheros salsa’.”

Did that get you hungry? Read the full Organic Valley case study .  

You came for questions, and that’s what we’ll give you. We’ve gathered some practical examples of what you could ask in a new food product development survey. 

SCAMPER survey questions for new food product development

Before we dive into the questions, we want to explain the concept question 3 to 9 are based on. Ever heard of scamper? It’s an acronym — which is the name of a checklist designed to boost creative thinking. It basically takes an existing product, and lets you modify it in a more structured way than just saying: have your way with it. 

Now, how do you use these questions and more specifically, the answers? The hope is that there will be some consensus in the answers. For instance, for Modify/Magnify, you’ll get a lot of similar answers from your customer base. Or 90% wants to eliminate the same thing from a product — let’s say sugar. 

With that in mind, here are the questions!

This brings us back to the jobs-to-be-done part of any product, and for food products, this shouldn’t be overlooked. Are people searching for something that spices things up in the kitchen, that adds to their nutrition or that’s for comfort or a quick snack?

Knowing this for sure, without assuming, will help you to position your product accordingly. Here’s list of examples for jobs-to-be-done you can present in the survey:

• Build Muscle
• Manage my cholesterol
• Satisfy Hunger
• Lose weight
• Improve brain function
• Strengthen bones
• Sleep better
• Improve digestion

See how you can get intel about your audience with Attest

Make smarter decisions for your brand with reliable quantitative and qualitative consumer insights from Attest

2. What are you missing in food product category X

There’s no doubt about it: veganism is no longer a trend. But if you or any of your friends are vegan, you know how frustrating it can be to find the right snacks for movie night. Because yes, there’s such a thing as too many Oreos!

So, let’s say you’ve narrowed it down to the following:

• Diet: vegan-friendly. No, vegan-loving.
• Occasion: film night! Snacks that go great with thrillers and High School Musical.
• Size: perfect to share, even with non-vegan friends

And taste…? With the survey, you could tap into what people who went vegan are missing the most from the snack aisle. Is it more urgent to create vegan cheese-flavoured crisps, or vegan M&M’s?

Here you can list all the flavours you’re currently selling, and give a list of options that you’ve been considering. 

Maybe your customers have found a golden combination of products you haven’t thought of when creating the product. Think peanut butter and jelly, or the ever-controversial pineapple on pizza. 

You can either guide your respondents here by giving them a list of options — after all, you know what is actually possible. Think sizes, price, packaging. Or let them dream out loud by giving them the room for all ideas.

Bigger portions? A stronger flavour? More serving suggestions? Find out what your customers can’t get enough of and double down on that.

Would you like an ice cream that is suitable for breakfast? A slice of pizza that you can take as a snack without having to carry an entire box? Find out how your customers are really using certain products, or how they would like to use them if the packaging or portion was suitable for it. 

Get more inspo for your research from our concept testing survey template !

This might sound useless in new product development, but in the bigger picture — which a survey should reveal — this could be very useful information. Maybe you’re looking to create a new breakfast product, but you want it to fit into someone’s dietary restrictions. So, should you focus on gluten-free options? This question will help you find out. 

9. What food habits would you like to replace , and with what?

Here you can again give your respondents two lists to choose from: one with common food habits, and one with healthier — or at least different ones. Like question 8, this type of question will help you see the bigger picture and also helps with positioning.

We’re certain that with all their resources, Red Bull and Coca-Cola could create spectacular tea. But it would probably not catch on, because that’s just not what their brand stands for. So, in your product development survey, do take a moment to see if your brand-new idea actually fits your brand, to prevent a marketing disaster.

Is your food business always testing new flavours and ideas and do you want to bring those products to market with more certainty of success, and more speed? Then Attest is the place to start. Have a look at our free new product development survey templates and make them all yours to gather actionable data.

Fu0026amp;B Digest – Wellness foods issue

In the latest edition of our Fu0026amp;B Digest, we’ve digested data from 1,000 UK consumers to discover trends and opportunities in this growing sector.

Customer Research Lead 

Nick joined Attest in 2021, with more than 10 years' experience in market research and consumer insights on both agency and brand sides. As part of the Customer Research Team team, Nick takes a hands-on role supporting customers uncover insights and opportunities for growth.

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449 Food Essay Topics & Research Questions to Write about

Are you looking for good topics about food? Luckily, there are so many food topics you can research! You can focus on food safety, the link between nutrition and health, food insecurity, national cuisines, food waste in supply chains, food processing technologies, and many more. Check this list of the most exciting food research questions and titles!

🥫 TOP 7 Food Topics – 2024

🏆 best essay topics on food, ❓ research questions about food, 👍 good food research topics & essay examples, 📝 food argumentative essay topics, 🌶️ hot food topics to research, 🔎 current food topics for research paper, 🎓 most interesting food topics to write about, 🗣️ persuasive speech topics about food, 💡 simple research topics about food, 📌 easy food essay topics.

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• Food Technology Importance in Modern Days
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• Advantages and Disadvantages of Biotechnology in Improving the Nutritive Value of Foods
• Food Waste Management The paper aims at explaining the issue of food waste and describing approaches to the reduction of this problem.
• Target Audience of Fast Food Restaurants’ Web Sites When designing a website, its creator focuses on the needs of all visitors or some defined audience. The target audience is users on which the web resource is oriented.
• Healthy Multicultural Food: Product SWOT Analysis The chosen product is healthy multicultural food, which should be provided to the customers of Active Retirement nursing home.
• A Problem of Food Waste and Its Solutions Food waste draws a lot of interest from global policymakers as well as various organizations and scholars – it continues to grow despite the looming resource depletion.
• Food Truck Market Analysis Example Food truck business has high chances of becoming popular because food industry is one of the kinds of businesses that never go out of fashion.
• Italy’s Food: Traditional Italian Food Recipes Italian cuisine is famous around the world for its delicious and healthy food. It includes thousands of varieties of recipes for different dishes with various ingredients.
• Food Safety Issues in Modern Agriculture According to the United Nations Asian and Pacific Center for Agricultural Engineering and Machinery, an upsurge in international trade on agricultural products has made food safety a major concern.
• Sustainable Food Systems, Nutrition Sustainable food systems focus on food production, processing, and waste management to ensure efficiency and low environmental impact of the food industry.
• McDonalds Fast Food Company Organizational Change This paper attempts to explicitly review the successful implementation of the proposed change that involves improving the performance of the McDonalds Company and enhancing its customer focus.
• Food Security: The Impact of Climate Change Since climate change affects the natural world, it is evident that it poses particular challenges for food security in the future.
• Fast-Food Restaurants’ Popularity and Its Causes Majority of people in the United States have resorted to fast food restaurants, especially college students who are of the view that these restaurants save a lot of time.
• Food Truck Business’s SWOT Analysis The Food Truck company operates in the central business district of Portland, the area where the food delivery industry is very well developed.
• Food Shortage Situation Overview The connections and relationship between population and food shortage transcend all areas of human life and as such encompasses various aspects of demands that support human life.
• Food in Korean Culture: Describing Korean Cuisine Korean citizens believe that food has medicinal properties that improve a person’s emotional, psychological, and mental well-being.
• Food Additives There are three types of food additives, cosmetic food additives, preservatives and the processing aids of food.
• The Food Prices Issue and Its Impacts on the Industry The challenge of increasing food prices is relevant to the culinary, hospitality, and food industries because it significantly affects food availability and quality.
• National Food Products Company: Marketing Segmentation NFPC has gained the reputation of a company that has been striving in the UAE market quite successfully by delivering essential products such as milk, water, plastic carriers.
• Food Additives: Dangers and Health Impact Research shows that synthetic food additives have a negative human health and consumer dissatisfaction effect which calls for stricter regulation of their use in products.
• Chick-fil-A Fast-Food Network Brand Analysis Based on customer demographic data, the paper analyzes the Chick-fil-A fast-food network and compares some data to compile an accurate picture of people’s preferences.
• Wendy’s Fast Food Franchise in the Chinese Market Because of the strong presence that KFC and McDonald’s already have in the Chinese market, firms such as Wendy’s have to design a unique product.
• Food Culture: Doughnut’s History, Marketing and Sociology A doughnut, or as it is often called donut, is a kind of fried dough baked or pastry meal. The doughnut has become well-known and beloved in numerous countries and cooked in an assorted model.
• The Consumer Attitude Towards Buying Organic Food in Hong Kong The aim of this research was to determine the factors that affect attitudes towards purchasing organic food in Hong Kong.
• The Food Quality Impact on Economy and Health The problem of food quality and its impact on the economy and health of not only one country but the whole world cannot be overemphasized.
• Financial Projections for Entrepreneurship in Food Industry Running a restaurant, especially in the area known for its high competition rates among the local food production companies, particularly, the fast food industries, is not an easy task.
• Indian Cuisine: Food and Socio-Cultural Aspects of Eating Many social and cultural aspects of Indian cuisine are different from American foods. In Indian culture, eating is a significant social occasion.
• Organic Food Market Trends Food retailers replaced farmers and whole food retailers as the main retailers of organic food. Higher production costs is the only factor to the higher organic food prices.
• The Six Major Elements of a Food Safety Plan (FSP) A Food Safety Plan (FSP) is a way that identifies and prevents safety hazards from occurring during and after food production, this paper is going to discuss FSP’s major elements.
• Causes and Effects of Fast-Food Addiction Studies show that those who frequently eat fast food have an increased risk of progressing from simple consumption to addiction.
• McDonald’s and Its Decline & Crisis Due to the Healthy Food Trend The trend for healthy eating was born not so long ago but continues to cover more and more segments of the population around the world.
• Role of Food in Marquez’ “One Hundred Years of Solitude“ and Esquivel’s “Like Water for Chocolate” Laura Esquivel was born and raised in Mexico and may have written this novel with the hope of portraying to her readers some Spanish background and history.
• History of Ketchup and Its Role in Foods Tomato ketchup is a popular addition to a variety of dishes which acts as a sauce and goes well with all food.
• Healthy Food Advertising: Nutrient Content Advertising is certainly a major driver for the success of a business. It is important to mention that healthy foods correlate with overall well-being, both physical and mental.
• The Trends of Natural and Organic Foods Organic food is primarily intended to appeal to financially well-off people who can afford to spend more money on food in exchange for its perceived superior quality.
• Are Fast Food Restaurants to Blame for Obesity?
• Are Genetically Modified Food Safe for Consumption?
• Are the Nutrition Charts on Food Packages Accurate?
• What Are Issues on Food Around the World?
• What Is It Called When You Have Food Issues?
• Are You Harming Your Family by the Food You Are Preparing?
• Can Organic Farmers Produce Enough Food to Feed the World?
• What Are the Six Major Threats to Food Security?
• What Are the Four Major Problems That Affect the World’s Food Needs?
• Could Biotechnology Solve Food Shortage Problem?
• Does Dehydration Reduce the Nutrient Value in Quality of the Food?
• What Are Some Challenges to Food Production?
• Does Fast Food Have a Possible Connection With Obesity?
• How Can We Solve Food Supply Problems?
• How Did Jollibee Build Its Position in the Philippine Fast Food Industry?
• What Are Four Issues Related to Food Production?
• How Does America Solve Food Deserts?
• What Are the Seven Challenges to Food Safety?
• How Does Whole Food Build Human and Social Capital?
• What Is the Most Important Food Safety Issue?
• Should Fast Food Advertising Be Banned?
• What Are the Six Food Borne Diseases?
• What Are the Ten Main Reasons for Food Poisoning?
• Should Fast Food Chains Be to Blame for Childhood Obesity?
• Should Fast Food Only Be Sold to People Eighteen and Older?
• Should New Zealand Allow Genetically Modified Food?
• Should People Abandon Their Favorite Food and Stay Healthy?
• What Are Three Causes of Food Contamination?
• Were the Salem Witch Trials Spurred by Food Poisoning?
• Unhealthy Food Culture and Obesity Unhealthy food culture plays a significant role in developing health-related diseases, including its contribution to obesity.
• McDonald’s: The Most Popular Fast-Food Restaurant McDonald’s is one of the most popular fast-food restaurants, and its success is defined by compliance with the needs of the present-day business world.
• “Maple Leaf Foods”: Company’s Issues and Their Management Maple Leaf Foods faces the issue of the lack of a sustainable vision due to poor leadership and contamination of products, adversely affecting consumers’ health.
• Food and Water Security Management The purpose of this article is to evaluate the current methodologies for addressing food and water security issues and propose sustainable solutions based on scholarly evidence.
• Impact of COVID-19 on People’s Livelihoods, Their Health and Our Food Systems Covid-19 is affecting every aspect of life – personally and professionally, and it is redefining the way society and the workplace are organized.
• Proposal for Providing Healthier Food Choices for Elementary Students This paper describes the necessity of having a properly balanced diet, and execute healthy exercising patterns in our routines, along with our children.
• Food in Wilde’s “The Importance of Being Earnest” The readers of Oscar Wilde’s “The Importance of Being Earnest” cannot overlook the fact that the motif of food consumption does resurface throughout the play’s entirety.
• Nutrition: Causes and Effects of Fast Food In modern world productions of fast food and access to take-out combined with little exercise have raised very many health concerns.
• Cause and Effect of Genetically Modified Food The paper states that better testing should be done on GMOs. It would lead to avoiding catastrophic health issues caused by these foods.
• Consumption of Junk Foods and Their Threat to the Lives Junk foods dominate the grocery store aisles, are served every day in school lunchrooms and, in the form of fast-food junk, crowd every major intersection.
• Fast Food Popularity in America: Cause and Effect The popularity of fast food affects Americans in many ways, but the threats of obesity, chronic diseases, and unstable immunity remain critical effects.
• Agriculture and Food in Ancient Greece The paper states that agricultural practices and goods from Greece extended to neighboring countries in the Mediterranean as the dominance increased.
• Impact of Food Waste and Water Use on Earth The paper explores how food waste and water use affect the food system and how agriculture affects the environment.
• Negative Impact of Soil Erosion on the World`s Food Supply This paper tells about soil erosion as a process whereby soil-mostly the top fertile soil is transported or swept away from its natural environment then deposited in other places.
• Junk Food and Children’s Obesity Eating junk foods on a regular basis causes weight gain and for one in five Americans, obesity, is a major health concern though no one seems to be sounding the alarm.
• Healthy Food: the Impact of the Vegetarian Diet In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards vegetarianism in societal dietary choices. In the modern world, vegetarians can uphold the nutritional needs of the body.
• Food Processing: Principles and Controversies Food processing is a currently applied trend to turn fresh food into different food products through such methods as washing, pasteurizing, freezing, cooking, or packaging.
• Indian Culture Examined Through Street Food A fondness of India’s rich culture, combined with a desire to innovate and adapt with the times are all present in the Curry Up Now restaurant and Indian street food as a whole.
• Fast Food Addiction: Comparison of Articles Both presented articles argue the harmfulness of fast food, but the scientific article provides evidence of the existence of healthy fast food.
• Right to Food as a Fundamental Right Right to food is an important human right issue today. Advocates for the right to food use the phrase “Food first” to show the importance of availability to food above other priorities.
• Aspects of Muslim Food Culture Islam has many rules related to food. One of the most significant rules in Islam is the restriction on the consumption of pork.
• Food Waste Reduction Strategy The Strategy aims to raise society’s awareness and bring the food value back to reduce the volume of food waste generated.
• Healthy Food Access for Poor People Through numerous studies, it is evident that the secret to good health lies in balancing of diet in peoples’ meals.
• McDonald’s Company: The Flawed Fast Food Tax McDonalds is one of the world’s leading fast food restaurants serving more than 57 million customers daily with branches all over the major cities.
• Alaska Natives Diet: Traditional Food Habits and Adaptation of American Foodstuffs The Alaska Natives have retained their culture up-to-date in spite of their interactions with the wider American society.
• The “Food Inc.” Documentary by Robert Kenner In his film “Food Inc.”, documentary film producer Robert Kenner explores how massive businesses have monopolized every part of the food supply chain in the United States.
• Japan’s Food Patterns and Nutrition Habits The most commonly consumed foods among the Japanese people include sushi and sashimi, ramen, Tempura, Kare-raisu (curry rice), and okonomiyaki.
• Discussion of Food Safety Issues The paper discusses food tampering and bioterrorism are those issues that can result in fundamental problems in food safety area.
• Feasibility Plan for E-Commerce of Food Delivery The use of cell phone innovation can be viewed as one of the creative approaches to assist organizations in improving their business execution in the global market.
• Super Greens Organic Food Restaurant’s Business Plan ‘Super Greens’ restaurant is a new medium-sized restaurant to be located in a busy locality of Westminster in the neighbourhood of some aristocratic areas.
• Food Science: How to Make Butter Fresh milk is made up of a combination of milk and cream; since the cream is less thick than the milk, it separates and rises to the top, where it may be scrapped.
• Junk Food Taxation in the United States This paper aims to study junk food taxation in the US, define the related problems, present solutions, and provide recommendations.
• The Indigenous Food Sovereignty Concept The indigenous food sovereignty concept is broad in essence, and it perceives food as integrating all aspects of existence – mental, spiritual, cultural, and intellectual.
• Nutrients: The Distribution in the Food Groups This essay associates nutrients to their specific food groups justify their nutritional composition and explains their significance.
• Technical Description of a Food Processor A food processor seems like one of those kitchen gadgets that, once owned, makes a person wonder how they ever survived without it.
• Food Safety Sanitation Requirements for a Child’s Health To maintain optimal diet and nutrition for a child’s health and welfare, emphasis must be made on sanitary criteria for food safety, storage, preparation, and food presentation.
• Human Geography: Food Insecurity The problem of food insecurity is a significant bother of humankind. Various international organizations were created to address the matter.
• Fast Food Restaurants in the US Convenient locations play a critical role in the success of fast-food kiosks. These points include the busy commercial strips, shopping malls, and high-traffic areas.
• Ban on Genetically Modified Foods Genetically modified (GM) foods are those that are produced with the help of genetic engineering. Such foods are created from organisms with changed DNA.
• Healthy Fast Foods: Sector Analysis Health consciousness is fast becoming an important trend in the fast-food restaurant industry. The paper concerns sector analysis on profitability in the said marketplace.

If you need a good idea for your argumentative essay, check out some food related topics to debate:

• Should fast food be regulated?
• Should GMO labeling be mandatory?
• Is there a need for stricter regulation of food advertising?
• The link between processed food and obesity.
• The role of meat consumption in climate change.
• The pros and cons in functional foods.
• Can cities become self-sufficient in food production?
• Why should we promote Meatless Mondays?
• Are food additives and preservatives evil?
• The impact of food packaging on plastic pollution.
• Food and Family in the Hispanic Culture The notion of family is crucial to the Hispanic culture due to its encouraging idea of interdependence and belonging. The food became an integral part of family gatherings.
• Food Innovation: Ayran Yogurt in the Scandinavian Market This study researches the suitability of Ayran yogurt product and how to introduce it as a healthy alternative to soft drinks in the Scandinavian market.
• “The Future of Food” Documentary The documentary “The Future of Food” is shocking by the revelation of how food is made in America. This work describes two main issues that this film focuses on.
• Fast Food Harmful Effects on Children This paper states that the exposure of children to fast food early on has an adverse effect on them, resulting in the need to prevent the sale of fast food in schools.
• Fast-Food Industry’s Market Place and Environment The fast-food industry is experiencing a revenue of over $15 billion growth a year, and the future growth rate at an average of 2.7%.
• Food Safety and Information Bulletin Factors that contribute to food poisoning include; holding food at the wrong temperature which is mostly caused by inadequate cooling and inadequate cooking.
• Food Waste Management Importance The world is gradually losing its beauty and is constantly coming under pressure from different problems every other day.
• Taiwanese Culture, Foods, and Tourism This paper provides a brief overview of Taiwan, including its location, culture, food, and tourism industry and its significant economic impact on the country.
• A Qualitative Study of Independent Fast-Food Vendors Near Secondary Schools “A qualitative study of independent fast-food vendors near secondary schools” primarily sought to explore and navigate the barriers toward offering healthier menu options.
• Food Additives and Problem of Safety Certain food additives are believed to have side effects in adults and most importantly in children, such as increased hyperactivity, allergies, asthma problems, and migraines.
• Food Voice of the Bangladeshi Rice forms the core of the Bangladeshi eating patterns. It is consumed in large quantities across the country, being the base for many traditional dishes.
• Fast Food and Health Relations Fast food is a way of life for those who look for a quick and cheap alternative to homemade food. What diseases fast food may cause.
• Advertising Promoting Organic Food and Beverages To turn the world more organic, one has to resort to using organic supplies. Creating ads on the way people can improve environmental conditions will change the position.
• Local Food Venture and Its Operations Management Building a small business enterprise is a complex task. This case study examines a model of expanding a local food venture to a permanent location and franchise.
• Availability of Healthy Food Food security and accessibility are now seen as ensuring that all members of society have physical and economic access to food that is safe.
• Fast Food Nation: Annotated Bibliography Zepeda’s Bad Choices in Our Food System book explores how the food system, including relevant policies in the US, influences consumer food choices.
• Code of Ethics in Food Tracks Business A transformation in the way that food is prepared and enjoyed can be seen in the vast development in the prominence of food trucks.
• Solutions for Food and Water Security Issue With many nations encountering food and water security problems, the consequences of such events have become global, giving rise to multiple outcomes this insecurity.
• Aspects of Food Insecurity The paper states that food security is becoming a regulated process within the framework of international political and economic cooperation.
• Food Safety and Hazards Manufacturers are obligated to maintain safe control measures to ensure products are fit for human consumption.
• Healthier Cookie Version: The Challenges to the Food Industry A meal can enhance a healthy body development and, if not well censored, can result in health-related problems such as high blood pressure.
• The Process of Food Poisoning in General This article focuses on food poisoning: briefly discusses pathogens and symptoms, referring to the article “Encyclopedia of Health – Diseases and Conditions”.
• Statistics on Food Disorders in the US and Puerto Rico The purpose of this paper is to analyze the statistics on food disorders in the United States, compare it with the situation in Puerto Rico, and suggest measures to tackle the problem.
• “Chinese Restaurant Food” : The Article Review The article ‘Chinese Restaurant Food’ educates the general public about the hidden dangers and harm of eating too much Chinese food.
• Product Design in Food Industry: A McDonald’s Case Article Critique In “Product Design in Food Industry – A McDonald’s Case,” authors consider McDonald’s recent launch of new products along with some of the aspects of its production process and innovativeness.
• Chick-fil-A Inc.’s Entry into Qatari Food Industry The report presents three elements (political, economic, and legal) of PESTEL for Chick-fil-A to use in its decision to expand in the Qatari fast food industry.
• Pet Food Product Marketing Strategy This paper outlines the marketing strategies that will be used for launching my pet food product: SWOT analysis, target market, market needs, and other market strategies.
• Indian Culture and Food Supply India has the world’s second-largest population. Population explosion presents the problem of food insecurity in India.
• The Use of Biodegradable Straws in Food and Beverages Business Plastic straw usage is part of the problem of plastic pollution and its adverse impact on the planet’s ecology. Nature is dying, and all new consequences of plastic are manifested.
• Chinese Food in the United States The Chinese brought their traditions, customs, ingredients and recipes to the United States, sparking a renaissance in food culture.
• The Environmental Impacts of the Food and Hospitality Industry The food wastage issue in the food and hospitality industry in Australia remains to be consciously considered as it may adversely affect the environment.
• Hospitality Management: Food and Beverage Management A person is preparing for their last high school exam and looking forward to a career in hospitality management, which is currently one of the best in the field.
• Firefly Burger Fast Food Marketing Plan The project aims to examine the internal and external environments that affect the success of Firefly restaurant and the need for changing its marketing strategy.
• Kenya, Its Tourist Attractions and Food Culture Kenya is one of the most beautiful African countries I have ever been. I am always thrilled to visit it. However, it has taken some time since I was there.
• Fast-Food Restaurant’s Capacity Increasing Options The fast-food restaurant is experiencing a booming business and looking for ways to increase its capacity to serve more customers. The management has come up with two options.
• Childhood Obesity Causes: Junk Food and Video Games The problem of “competitive foods and beverages” that are sold in schools outside the existing breakfast and lunch programs has been discussed for a while now.
• World Hunger and Food Distribution as Global Issue World hunger is a serious issue that affects the development of many countries, impairing the overall health of their populations and increasing child mortality.
• Food Donation and Food Safety: Environmental Health Food safety is often taken for granted, with most people relying on basic practices and following essential hygiene standards without giving a second thought.
• Effects of Climate Variability on Water Resources, Food Security, and Human Health Evaluating the effects of climate variability on water, food, and health will help identify the areas for improvement and offer solutions to current environmental challenges.
• The Issue of Food and Water Security The global issue for the analysis is food and water security. This is a topical problem nowadays, especially in light of climate change and population growth.

Do you want to write a paper on the latest advancements in food science and technology? Here are some current food-related research topics to discuss:

• Potential health benefits of plant-based diets.
• Nanotechnology in food packaging.
• The application of 3D printing in the food industry.
• The benefits of bioprocessing of food waste.
• The impact of fermented foods on gut health.
• Current techniques for clean meat production.
• Food traceability: why does it matter?
• Alternative sweeteners as a sugar reduction strategy.
• Emerging trends in food packaging materials.
• The use of robotics in the food industry.
• Nutrients in Different Food Groups The essay explains the variety of nutrients in different food groups, the reasons for these variations, and the health benefits associated with the nutrients.
• Food Insecurity in the United States Food insecurity is one of the most pressing global problems that is also relevant for the United States today.
• Food and Cultural Appropriation Article by Cheung The article Cultural Appropriation by Helier Cheung focuses on the case of Lucky Lee restaurant, which started the discussion about the cultural appropriation of food.
• Food and Agriculture of Ancient Greece The concepts of agriculture and cuisine both have a deep connection to Greek history, culture, development, and social trends.
• Fortified and Aromatic Wines and Accompanying Food Fortified wines are added with alcohol, and the taste of aromatic wines is strengthened by adding flowers, spices, and herbs.
• Fast-Food Expansion Strategy for Indian Market With the increasing globalization of the world economy and the fast-food industry, in particular, major fast-food chains continuously seek new markets to expand their operations.
• Food Allergies and Eating Disorders Along with food allergies, mental health disorders are widely spread diseases. Eating disorders, such as anorexia, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating, are common among young women.
• Personal Response About the Documentary “Food Inc.” The documentary, “Food Inc.”, argues that the production of today’s food choices is solely profit-based and that there is insufficient government regulation on agriculture.
• A 3-Day Diet Analysis With the USDA Food Pyramid According to Willett and Skerrett (2005), the USDA Pyramid turns out to be one of the most recognizable systems in American society.
• The Food Chain: Groups and Functions Producers, consumers, and decomposers are the three groups of organisms that comprise a food chain in an ecosystem.
• Fast Foods Lead to Fast Death: Informative Speech The fast-food industry has expanded at a rapid pace during the past half-century. The consequence has been the rapid expansion of the nation’s collective waistline.
• Business Within Society: Food Truck The business in this instance is a food truck that specializes in selling affordable yet clean meals to various workers in and around.
• Indian Culture and Food in the Raaga Restaurant Before visiting Raaga, a restaurant of Indian cuisine, I tried to consider what I knew about this culture and whether I would eat what I would be served.
• Global Food Supplies, Overpopulation and Pollution The essay explores the problem of the threats to global food supplies and presents solutions and a critique of their effectiveness in alleviating this challenge.
• Costly Healthy Food and State Policies The paper explains a problem of high prices for healthy food giving causes and outcomes, describing relations of costly healthy food and state policy and offering solutions.
• Eco-Friendly Packaging Design for Food and Drinks The paper will focus on the issues of eco-friendly packaging. The topic will be narrowed to the food industry, i.e. food and beverage production.
• How Canadian Government Could Improve Food Safety? The paper points out how the government can cooperate with other stakeholders in the food industry to improve the existing standards.
• Whole Foods Market’s Strategic Position and Goals Whole Foods Market is an American company specialized in foods without artificial hydrogenated fats, colors, flavors, and sweeteners.
• Slow Food Movement in USA The Slow Food movement started in the middle of 1980s by C. Petrini as a protest against the fast food industry and the call for returning to the traditional healthy eating habits.
• Food Safety: A Policy Issue in Agriculture Today Food safety constitutes proper preparation, storage and preservation of all foods. Markets are increasingly calling for improvement in the quality and safety standards of food crops.
• Factors Influencing Food Choices and Their Impact on Health Many people have access to various food options, while some are limited to the highly available and affordable unhealthy food choices.
• Effects of Food-Medication Interplay on Recovery This paper examines the effects of food-medication interplay on recovery, the action that should have been taken, and the impact of gender on the situation.
• Powerade Food Myth Buster: Investigating Health Claims Powerade makes a statement on the bottle that it helps replenish four electrolytes lost in sweat. Powerade food myth buster aims to investigate its health claims from ingredients.
• Amazon and Whole Foods Merger This paper studies the contribution that the acquisition of Whole Foods Amazon has made and what barriers the organization had to face in this process.
• Foreign Market Entry of Electronic Food Delivery Service in Nigeria The purpose of this report is to discuss and analyze the establishment of an electronic, online-based food delivery service in Nigeria.
• Digitization in Improving the Food Supply Chain Technology plays an essential role in shaping the food markets by improving the affordability, productivity, and diversity of agricultural products.
• Sustainable Agriculture Against Food Insecurity The paper argues sustainable agriculture is one way to reduce food insecurity without harming the planet because the number of resources is currently decreasing.
• A Typical American Dinner Plate: Origins of Food A plate with tater tots (fried potatoes), chicken wings, spinach soup, and a piece of watermelon for dessert would qualify as ideal in any American household.
• How Do Fried Foods Affect Nutrition for Young Adults? An annotated bibliography on the topic how fried foods affect nutrition for young adults, the effect of television, the effect of dietary patterns on young adults’ health.
• The Use of Low Fat Food This short essay will demonstrate that many of the foods we are eating today are in reality not that low in fat as they claim.
• First in Show Pet Foods: Case Analysis First in Show Pet Foods is among the newest frozen dog food companies, which can be considered to be a first-mover in the given market.
• The Impact of Food Choices on the Economy and Environment I decided to research two food products: salmon fillet and orange juice. I will utilize the data collected to reflect upon how food choices can impact the economy and environment.
• Behavior-Based Safety in the Food Industry: DO IT Method The so-called DO IT method is useful when applied to jobs in the restaurant industry, leading to an improvement in the work behavior of employees.
• Food Safety Issues and Standards Food hygiene standards are perhaps the most important for any country to observe due to the damage which the food of poor quality may bring to the health of the population.
• “Fast Food Nation” the Book by Eric Schlosser In his book Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser argues that fast food has greatly influenced American society and culture.
• The Importance of Sustainable Development in the Food Retail Sector The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are discussed from the perspective of their relevance to the Canadian business in general and the food retail sector in particular.
• McDonald’s Fast-Food Restaurant’s Analysis The management at McDonald’s would view the SWOT analysis as being partly exhaustive of the internal strengths and weaknesses of the company.
• Genetically Modified Food Safety and Benefits Today’s world faces a problem of the shortage of food supplies to feed its growing population. The adoption of GM foods can solve the problem of food shortage in several ways.
• Food Chain: Ricotta Cheese Production The choice was made in favor of Ricotta cheese, because it makes the basis for and is added to a range of products, such as cheesecakes, cookies, pancakes, pizza.
• Healthy Food in U.S. Schools The main reason for choosing this topic is the need to establish the reasons why young people in schools are provided with unhealthy food that have negative health effects.

If you’re looking for persuasive topics about food to talk about, here are some suggestions for you:

• The benefits of eating organic foods.
• Fast food advertising to children should be banned.
• Food waste reduction is everyone’s responsibility.
• The importance of clear and informative food labels.
• The need for stricter regulation of junk food sales in schools.
• Why should the government impose a soda tax?
• The role of food companies in addressing childhood obesity.
• The impact of social media on eating behaviors.
• Home cooking is essential for health and family bonding.
• The role of food companies in addressing food allergies.
• Food and Drink Industry’s Innovation and Barriers
• Nutrition, Healthy Food Choice, and Nutritional Value of Fast Foods
• Hazard Analysis in Food Safety
• Food-Borne Salmonella Epidemiologic Triad
• Food Insecurity’s Causes and Implications
• Researching Food Service in Hospital
• The Importance of Nutritional Labeling on Packaged Food
• Organic Food Purchases Among Customers of Different Ages
• Logistics Network of the Food and Beverage Production Industry
• Genetically Modified Foods: How Safe are they?
• Halal Food in Other Religions
• Fast Food Chain Locations, Non-Chain Restaurants and Bars
• Competition in the Australian Food Industry: Case Analysis
• Genetic Engineering in Food and Freshwater Issues
• Food and Drug Administration History
• The Case of Salesforce and Wegmans Food Market
• Sociology of Food and Eating
• Food & Beverage Companies’ Input to Global Food Consumption
• Biofoam: The Snack Food That’s Packing America
• Food Policy Action and Food Security Legislation
• Drug-Drug and Food-Drug Interactions
• Packaging in Marketing, Food Safety, Environment
• Pizza as One of the Most Famous Food in London
• The Food Truck Business Models Development
• Scientific Approach to Food Safety at Home
• Food Behaviors Among Mexicans and South Americans
• Buffalo Skies Aki Forest Food Sovereignty Pilot Project
• Food and Water Security as Globalization Issues
• Discussion of Food Security Technologies
• Whole Foods: An Organizational Needs Analysis
• Food and Beverage Plan: The COVID-19 Pandemic Influence
• Food Poisoning Case at Air China Flight
• Fast-Food Marketing and Children’s Fast-Food Consumption
• Fast-Food Industry’s Influences on Children
• Soul Food: An Original American Art Form
• Teens ‘Especially Vulnerable’ to Junk Food Advertising
• The Importance of Variability in the Food Industry
• Schieffelin: Rainforest Environment and the Kaluli Food Production
• Advantages of Using Genetically Modified Foods
• Visual Communication. Natural Food Packaging Colors
• Food Safety in the Commercial Industry
• Proposal for Lowering the Intake of High-Calorie Food
• Organizational Design Factors in the Food Industry
• Nature’s Best Pet Food Brand’s Target Market
• Food Ads Ban for Childhood Obesity Prevention
• Food: National Identity and Cultural Difference
• Food Allergies and Obesity
• Genetically Modified Foods and Their Impact on Human Health
• Canada’s Food Guide Discussion
• The American Diet Influenced by Fast Food Ads
• The Meat Inspection and Food Safety Issues
• Food Deserts’ Impact on Children
• Food Deserts Control in the United States
• The Salmonella Bacterium as a Food Borne Illness Pathogen
• The Omnivore’s Dilemma Regarding Sources of Food
• Improper Food Handling Practices in Kansas City Restaurant
• Food Sustainability Assessment
• The Age of “Nutritionism”: In Defense of Food by Michael Pollan
• The Food Insecurity Issue and Methods of Solving
• Food Ingredients: Molecular Reactions
• Food Preparation in Upper Paleolithic Ohalo II
• Agriculture, Water, and Food Security in Tanzania
• Food, Inc., Produced by Kenner Review
• Jewish Dietary Patterns: Kosher Food and New Meat
• Improper Food Handling Practices in Kansas City
• The Lack of Food Safety in Kansas City, Missouri
• Food Poisoning Caused by Staphylococcus Aureus
• The Reaction to the “Food, Inc.” Documentary
• Food Insecurity Health Issue: How to Mitigate It
• Food Habits and Acculturation of Immigrants
• Discussion: Whole Foods ‘Teaming Up’
• The Challenges in Food Supply Chain During COVID-19
• Nike, Whole Foods, and Mcdonald’s: The Use of Information Systems
• Food Insecurity and Associated Environmental Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa
• Food Industry: The Safety Issues
• Food Insecurity in New York City
• Agriculture-Led Food Crops and Cash Crops in Tanzania
• Food Security: Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
• Protecting Ourselves from Food Article by Sherman & Flaxman
• Food Deserts and Related Challenges
• The Baby Food Shortage: Public Service Announcement
• Examining Solutions for Mitigating the Food and Water Security Issue
• Restricting the Volume of Sale of Fast Foods and Genetically Modified Foods
• Agriculture and Food Safety in the United States
• Expanding Access to Food Interview Plan
• Liability of Death from Food Poisoning
• Food Labeling Affecting Sustainable Food Choices
• Behavioral Reasoning Perspectives on Organic Food Purchase
• Analysis of Freeman’s Promotion of Junk Food
• Morals and Using Animals for Food
• Evaluation of Articles on Food and Water Security
• Food Administration on Sustainable Palm Oil
• Food Cost Issues in the Hospital
• Issues of Obesity and Food Addiction
• Global Societal Issue: Food and Water Security
• Addressing Food Insecurity in Wyandotte County
• “Can You Be Addicted to Food?”: A New Problem Faced by North Americans
• The Connection Between Food Allergies and Gut Microbiome
• Food Facility Design: Sustainable Kitchen for Delight Restaurant
• Successful Institutional Food Management & Delivery Systems
• Trade Peculiarities in Food and Agriculture
• The Discrepancies in Unhealthy Food Advertising: Hispanic and Black Consumers
• The Biofuel and Food Industry Connection
• Climate Change and Food Production Cycle
• “Societal Control” Over Food and Weight Gain
• Discussion of Freedman’s Article “How Junk Food Can End Obesity”
• Food Deprivation in the United States
• “Fast Food Nation”: The Development of the Food Industry in the USA
• The Connection Between Food Choices, Identity, and Nationalism
• Healthy Food for Learning Achievements in School
• Introduction to Food: Macromolecules Analysis
• Discussion of Food Foraging History
• Botulism Prevention and Food Security Approaches
• Should Food Manufacturers Label All GMOs?
• Donating Restaurant Food to Poor People in Peru
• “Food Stamped” and Its Main Shortcomings
• Proper Food Rotation Overview
• Whole Foods Company’s Product Marketing in France
• The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Globalization
• Supply Chain Strategy for the Foods and Drinks Sector
• Food Deserts and Their Impact on Local Communities
• Introduction and Politics of Food Discussion
• Food Security: Global Health Issue Comparison
• Are Food Manufactures Killing Us?
• A Community Mobile Food Truck to Serve Disadvantaged Children’s Needs
• White-Collar Crimes: Unsafe Food
• The Class About Nutrition to Real Life Situations When Making Food Choices
• Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food
• Food Supplements in Preventing Long-Term Illnesses
• A Plan for Receiving and Handling of Food Products Based on HACCP
• Quality of Food Served to Children
• Food, Health and Environment Relations
• The Home Food Environment and Obesity-Promoting Eating Behaviours
• The Effects of Food on ADHD
• Genetically Modified Organisms in Human Food
• Eating Fast Food and Obesity Correlation Analysis
• Nursing: Issue of Obesity, Impact of Food
• When Food Costs More Than It Is Supposed To
• Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Amendment
• American Food Industry in the “Food, Inc.” Movie
• Obesity Treatment – More Than Food
• Nurse-Led Program on Food Safety Problem
• Nitrates and Nitrites in Food
• Neighborhood Deprivation and Exposure to Fast Food in a Large Rural Area
• Bacteria That Cause Food Toxicity
• “The Food Matters” by James Colquhoun
• “The Future of Food” produced by Catherine Lynn Butler
• Comfort Food as a Quarantine Trend
• Food Consumption: Enjoyment and Ethics
• Reducing Food Packaging Litter in Ireland
• Food Insecurity Assessment in Miami
• TQM, Six Sigma and Product Liability in Perishable Food Industry
• Food Labeling and Concordia University’s Food Sphere
• The Downtown Rideau Area: Food Segway Tours
• The History of Soul Food Cuisine in the United States
• The Words on Your Plate: Analysis of the Food Words
• Expanding Ultima Foods in China
• The Actual and Budgeted Food Costs
• Escherichia Coli Infection: Preventing Food Borne Illness
• Food and Wine Pairing Menu
• National Food Policy Guaranteeing Healthy Food Marketing
• Food Festival Event for Westboro Residents
• Analysis of Nutrition and Food Studies
• Modeling Sustainable Food Systems
• Macronutrients Consumption: The Best Food Sources
• “Women, Food, and Learning” by Claudia Setzer
• Food Additives Use in Agriculture in the United States
• The Origins of the Soul Food and Barbeque in the USA
• Food and Sustainable Environmental Issues in Campus
• 2019 Brooklyn Crush Wine & Artisanal Food Festival
• America Express Charity Food Overview
• Food, Body, and Weight Issues Exploration and Family Dynamics in Ireland
• Is Fast Food Really Harmful and Can It Be Healthy?
• The Current American Food Situation Influenced by the Immigrant Farmers
• Traditional Lakota Food: Buffalo
• Organic Foods Issue of “In Defense of Food” by Michael Pollan
• Working in a Food Pantry
• Testing Food Service Employees: Policy Assessment
• How Tesco a Leading Food Retailer Globally
• How the Fast Food Industry Has Changed the Environment and the Health of American Society?
• Food Habits and Dietary Practices: Honey as Food
• Climate Change and Its Potential Impact on Agriculture and Food Supply
• Eric Schlosser’s “Fast Food Nation”
• White Thinking Hat Fast Food: Overview
• Genetically Modified Food as a Current Issue
• The Fast Food Restaurants History in the United States
• Fast Food Nation: Business Analysis
• Delectability of Foods Within the Context of Children
• Concerns Regarding Genetically Modified Food
• UK Business Sourcing Extensive Food Materials from Greece
• Time and Food: Chrononutrition & Night Eating
• Obesity Caused by Fast-Food as a Nursing Practice Issue
• Food and Drug Administration – Regulatory Agency
• Do Marketers Condition Us to Buy More Junk Food?
• Bologna-Surface Bacterial Analysis: Bacterial Contamination on Two Food Contact Surfaces
• Food Insecurity Intervention and Its Effectiveness
• Food Company Managing Business Activities
• Granite City Food & Brewery Company’s Analysis
• Global Food Security: UN Speech
• Australian Consumers Strategies to Reduce Food Waste
• Waste, Food and Transportation: Sustainable Development
• Food Stamps: Rationale for Tightened Conditions
• Granite City Food & Brewery Company’s Environment
• Granite City Food & Brewery Company’s Market Capitalization
• Food Labeling Changes in the United States
• Start Up Company: Genetically Modified Foods in China
• Granite City Food & Brewery Company’s Value Chain
• The Currency Devaluation Concept in the Food Industry
• Food Choices in Food Deserts: Sociological Analysis
• Healthy and Nutritious Food for Young Children
• Food in Reducing Risks and Improving Health
• Food and Drug Administration Fast-Track Approval
• Dietary Laws and Food Products for Health
• Fast Food as a Cause of Obesity in the US and World
• Labeling Food With Genetically Modified Organisms
• Ethical Eating in Daily Food Practices
• Food Diversion as a Type-2 Diabetes Treatment
• Food Producing Company and Its Key Processes
• Saddle Creek Corporation: Food Company Analysis
• IES Lean Systems Ltd. in the Food Industry
• Food for the Working-class Americans
• Supply Chain Management in the Food Industry
• Fast Food and Obesity Link – Nutrition
• In Defense of Food by Michael Pollan
• Food Science and Technology of Genetic Modification
• Food Across Cultures: Asida (Jamza) Meal Project
• Food in the 20th Centure
• Nutrition and Food Security within the Aboriginal and Remote Communities of Australia
• Nutrition: Foods Containing Calories

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StudyCorgi. (2021, September 9). 449 Food Essay Topics & Research Questions to Write about. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/food-essay-topics/

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StudyCorgi . "449 Food Essay Topics & Research Questions to Write about." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/food-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2021. "449 Food Essay Topics & Research Questions to Write about." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/food-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Food were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 22, 2024 .

160 Excellent Food Research Paper Topics for Students

Table of Contents

Are you a food science or food technology student searching for unique topics for your research paper? If yes, then this blog post is for you. Here, for your convenience, we have shared a list of the best 160 food research paper topics and ideas on various themes related to the subject.

Basically, food is essential for all living things because of the nutritional support it provides. Hence, it is impossible to imagine life without food. Moreover, in the fast-moving digital era, along with the development of technology, food has also taken different forms. In specific, processed food, packaged food, fast food and ready-made food with added preservatives are dominating human life. Due to these advancements in the food industry and the changes in the food style, certain health diseases also affect humans.

As food is one of the basic needs, a lot of research activities are being conducted in the field of food processing, food technology, food science, dairy technology, food safety, nutrition, and dietetics. So, for preparing your food research paper, you can also choose any intriguing topic from any of these domains.

List of Food Research Paper Topics

Whenever you get stuck with what topic to choose for your food research paper or essay, the list of ideas presented below will be more helpful to you. Explore the entire list and pick any food research topic that you feel is appropriate for you.

Food Research Paper Topics on Nutrition

• What are the most important types of nutrition to help body development?
• Bone density and poor nutrition: the correlation
• How affordable are nutritional supplements for poor people?
• The worldwide status of vitamin D nutrition
• Is it safe to use nutritional supplements to help bone density?
• Why is food science important in human nutrition?
• Why are amino acids important to the growth of muscles?
• How do the dietary habits of females affect their overall nutrition?
• An exhaustive definition of nutritional deficiency and the critical diseases malnutrition can cause.
• Nutrition-related health effects of organic foods
• Do dry beans serve proper nutrition and health benefits?
• Is organic milk a significant source of nutrition?
• Increased nutrition regulations on fast food restaurants
• Food preferences and nutrition culture
• Qualitative analysis of natural nutritional supplements.
• Should children be fed more dietary products like milk or less?
• Women and diet around the world.
• What are Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics?
• Discuss the sugar reduction strategies in foods
• Microbial safety evaluation of sugar-reduced foods and beverages
• Discuss the health effects of fermented foods containing added sugars
• Discuss some novel and emerging techniques for the detection of mycotoxins  in foods
• How to remove mycotoxins from foods?
• Psychological issues connected to food

Research Paper Topics on Food Safety

• Food and antimicrobial resistance
• How to eliminate the risk of botulism?
• How to effectively reduce the risk of food allergies?
• Meat and resistance to antimicrobials
• Recommendations for Ensuring Food Safety & Reducing Disease-Causing Mosquitoes
• Food safety and inspection service in your country
• Food safety risk assessment
• The role of government in food safety
• Food safety and health violations at the workplace.
• What consumers must know about Avian Influenza
•  Food and antimicrobial resistance
•  How to reduce the risk of botulism?
•  Health concerns for the use of coffee and caffeine
• Are color additives safe?
• How a community can contribute to ensuring food safety?
• Discuss the phenomena of negative-calorie foods
• Why it is important to ensure food safety for all?

Research Topics on Food Science

• What happens to stored foods?
• Factors that influence the taste of wine
• How to effectively prevent food poisoning?
• The influence of ethanol and pH balance on taste.
• How to influence the psychology of eating?
• What’s wrong with food addiction?
• Production and uses of protein hydrolysates and removal of bittering principles
• A comparative study on the physio-chemical properties of vegetable oils
• The innovative ways to help to fight against Food Waste.
• Toxicity of the aqueous environment
• Why food science is important in human nutrition
• How dietary habits of females affect their overall nutrition
• Influence of Food Science on the Diet of Persons
• Promoting Food Safety

Food Essay Topics

• The effects of fast food on society
• Should fast foods be sold in hospitals?
• An analysis of the socio-economic benefits of the fast-food industry.
• Do we need more fast-food restaurants in society?
• Certain food groups should not be mixed – true or false?
• What are the chronic diseases of lifestyle?
• What are immune-boosting foods?
• Protective fats are found in seeds and nuts.
• Food presentation is a form of art.
• The risks of eating junk food
• The influence of food on America
• Food culture and obesity
• The future of food
• How has technology changed the way we eat?
• How do biofuels impact the food industry?
• Nutrition: Food Containing Calories
• Negative Influence of Fast Foods
• Food Science and Technology of Genetic Modification.
• Fast Food and Obesity Link

Argumentative Food Research Topics

• What is the most salubrious way to cook eggs?
• Are burgers sandwiches?
• The pros and cons of grass-fed beef vs. grain-fed beef.
• Is it possible to make good pizza at home?
• Is a low glycemic index meal for a Neapolitan pizza a suitable choice for diabetes patients?
• The health impacts of vegetarian and vegan diets.
• Oxidative DNA damage in prostate: Can cancer patients consume tomato sauce?
• What is the best way to boil rice?
• Is it easy to become addicted to food quickly?
• Overeating suppresses the immune system.
• Do you think that abortion should be made illegal?
• Do you think that animal testing should be banned?
• Do you think that manufacturers are responsible for the effects of the chemicals used in creating their products?
• Should Hospitals Ban Fast Food Outlets?
• Where should food sauce be stored?

Read here:   Argumentative Essay Topics That You Must Consider

Interesting Food Research Topics

• Are emotions related to consuming chocolates?
• What causes raised acid levels in the body?
• Should a vegetarian take vitamin and mineral supplements?
• The role of tartrazine in foods such as butter and margarine
• Do trans fats, found in many kinds of margarine, lead to cancer?
• The Role of super-food in our health
• Does green tea help burn kilojoules?
• Does an apple a day keep the doctor away?
• Why the humble lentil is considered a superfood?
• The role of sodium in sports drinks
• Coconut oil and Alzheimer’s disease
• The role of honey in healing wounds.
• Food additives: Artificial Sweeteners
• Freshly extracted juices are the ultimate source of live enzymes.
• How does the consumption of sugared soda drinks cause cell aging?
• Is raw juice fasting effective for detoxifying?
• Does poor detoxification lead to inflammation?
• Does garlic help regulate insulin metabolism?
• Is there a link between tartrazine and hyperactivity in children?
• Organic food and healthy eating.
• Our health and fast food from McDonald’s.
• Fast food is a social problem of our time.
•  National cuisine is like healthy competition for fast food.

Amazing Food Research Ideas

• Is Genetically Modified Food Safe for Human Bodies and the Environment?
• The role of plant sterols in treating high cholesterol.
• Is there one optimal diet to suit everyone’s sporting needs?
• Flavonoids – powerful antioxidants that prevent the formation of free radicals.
• Explain the impact of caffeine on health.
• Compare and contrast home-cooked meals and fast food.
• The role of biotechnology and research in fulfilling the nutritional needs of people at a low price.
• The winemaking process.
• Myths of good and bad cholesterol.
• Calcium deficiency and milk
• The effects of sweeteners and sugar on health.
• Is it healthy to skip breakfast?
• Should plastic food packaging be banned?
• Are beans a good substitute for meat proteins?
• Food sensitivities in children.
• Calcium sources for dairy-allergic people.
• What are the advantages of the macrobiotic diet?
• The impacts of a long-term ketogenic diet on health
• What are the healthiest sugar substitutes?
• Low Carb Diet Craze

Trending Food Research Paper Topics

• Millenials: Food Trendmakers
• Write about the production of Organic Food
• Describe the connections between stress, junk foods, and obesity
• Critical analysis of the issues related to fast safety in modern agriculture
• Pizza and London Cheese Cake are the two most favorite foods among Americans: Explain
• Discuss the food items consumed by the people belonging to America’s working class
• Critical analysis of the results and implications of the slow food movement in America
• Explain the importance of meeting Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger for ensuring food safety globally
• Describe the benefits and limitations of using 3D food printers and robotics in the food industry
•  Describe the significance of the digital food management system
• Describe the three most popular food technologies and their use
• Discuss the top ten food technology trends in 2023
• Discuss the benefits and limitations of alternative protein sources and personalized nutrition
• Analyze the use and effectiveness of ‘Restaurant Voice Bots’ in the US-based startup named Orderscape
•  Describe the importance of using eco-friendly materials for the packaging of baby foods
• Discuss the prospects for the development of food industry enterprises using molecular cuisine technology
• Analyze the pros and cons of food tourism in the context of developing nations.

Captivating Food Research Topics

• Evaluate the properties of Oil obtained from Carica Papaya Seeds.
• Discuss the effects of blending cow milk with soy milk and analyze the quality of yogurt.
• Evaluate the vegetable oil refining process and its food value.
• Explain the functional properties of plantain flour.
• Evaluate the nutrient constituents of fresh forages and formulated diets.
• Analyze the impact of nutrition education on the dietary habits of females.
• Analyze the use of composite blends for biscuit making.
• Discuss the storage time effects on the functional properties of Bambara groundnut.
• Write about the additives and preservatives used in food processing and preservation.
• Analyze the physical and chemical properties of soya beans.

Out of the top 150+ food research paper topics suggested in this blog post, pick an ideal topic of your choice. In order to make your work successful, when writing your food research paper, first, prepare an outline and then compose the content by providing the relevant facts and evidence supporting the main points of your topic.

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Research Question Examples 🧑🏻‍🏫

25+ Practical Examples & Ideas To Help You Get Started 

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) | October 2023

A well-crafted research question (or set of questions) sets the stage for a robust study and meaningful insights.  But, if you’re new to research, it’s not always clear what exactly constitutes a good research question. In this post, we’ll provide you with clear examples of quality research questions across various disciplines, so that you can approach your research project with confidence!

Research Question Examples

• Psychology research questions
• Business research questions
• Education research questions
• Healthcare research questions
• Computer science research questions

Examples: Psychology

Let’s start by looking at some examples of research questions that you might encounter within the discipline of psychology.

How does sleep quality affect academic performance in university students?

This question is specific to a population (university students) and looks at a direct relationship between sleep and academic performance, both of which are quantifiable and measurable variables.

What factors contribute to the onset of anxiety disorders in adolescents?

The question narrows down the age group and focuses on identifying multiple contributing factors. There are various ways in which it could be approached from a methodological standpoint, including both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Do mindfulness techniques improve emotional well-being?

This is a focused research question aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of a specific intervention.

How does early childhood trauma impact adult relationships?

This research question targets a clear cause-and-effect relationship over a long timescale, making it focused but comprehensive.

Is there a correlation between screen time and depression in teenagers?

This research question focuses on an in-demand current issue and a specific demographic, allowing for a focused investigation. The key variables are clearly stated within the question and can be measured and analysed (i.e., high feasibility).

Examples: Business/Management

Next, let’s look at some examples of well-articulated research questions within the business and management realm.

How do leadership styles impact employee retention?

This is an example of a strong research question because it directly looks at the effect of one variable (leadership styles) on another (employee retention), allowing from a strongly aligned methodological approach.

What role does corporate social responsibility play in consumer choice?

Current and precise, this research question can reveal how social concerns are influencing buying behaviour by way of a qualitative exploration.

Does remote work increase or decrease productivity in tech companies?

Focused on a particular industry and a hot topic, this research question could yield timely, actionable insights that would have high practical value in the real world.

How do economic downturns affect small businesses in the homebuilding industry?

Vital for policy-making, this highly specific research question aims to uncover the challenges faced by small businesses within a certain industry.

Which employee benefits have the greatest impact on job satisfaction?

By being straightforward and specific, answering this research question could provide tangible insights to employers.

Examples: Education

Next, let’s look at some potential research questions within the education, training and development domain.

How does class size affect students’ academic performance in primary schools?

This example research question targets two clearly defined variables, which can be measured and analysed relatively easily.

Do online courses result in better retention of material than traditional courses?

Timely, specific and focused, answering this research question can help inform educational policy and personal choices about learning formats.

What impact do US public school lunches have on student health?

Targeting a specific, well-defined context, the research could lead to direct changes in public health policies.

To what degree does parental involvement improve academic outcomes in secondary education in the Midwest?

This research question focuses on a specific context (secondary education in the Midwest) and has clearly defined constructs.

What are the negative effects of standardised tests on student learning within Oklahoma primary schools?

This research question has a clear focus (negative outcomes) and is narrowed into a very specific context.

Need a helping hand?

Examples: Healthcare

Shifting to a different field, let’s look at some examples of research questions within the healthcare space.

What are the most effective treatments for chronic back pain amongst UK senior males?

Specific and solution-oriented, this research question focuses on clear variables and a well-defined context (senior males within the UK).

How do different healthcare policies affect patient satisfaction in public hospitals in South Africa?

This question is has clearly defined variables and is narrowly focused in terms of context.

Which factors contribute to obesity rates in urban areas within California?

This question is focused yet broad, aiming to reveal several contributing factors for targeted interventions.

Does telemedicine provide the same perceived quality of care as in-person visits for diabetes patients?

Ideal for a qualitative study, this research question explores a single construct (perceived quality of care) within a well-defined sample (diabetes patients).

Which lifestyle factors have the greatest affect on the risk of heart disease?

This research question aims to uncover modifiable factors, offering preventive health recommendations.

Examples: Computer Science

Last but certainly not least, let’s look at a few examples of research questions within the computer science world.

What are the perceived risks of cloud-based storage systems?

Highly relevant in our digital age, this research question would align well with a qualitative interview approach to better understand what users feel the key risks of cloud storage are.

Which factors affect the energy efficiency of data centres in Ohio?

With a clear focus, this research question lays a firm foundation for a quantitative study.

How do TikTok algorithms impact user behaviour amongst new graduates?

While this research question is more open-ended, it could form the basis for a qualitative investigation.

What are the perceived risk and benefits of open-source software software within the web design industry?

Practical and straightforward, the results could guide both developers and end-users in their choices.

Remember, these are just examples…

In this post, we’ve tried to provide a wide range of research question examples to help you get a feel for what research questions look like in practice. That said, it’s important to remember that these are just examples and don’t necessarily equate to good research topics . If you’re still trying to find a topic, check out our topic megalist for inspiration.

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This post was based on one of our popular Research Bootcamps . If you're working on a research project, you'll definitely want to check this out ...

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55 Best Questions to Ask in a Restaurant Survey in 2024 (and How to Ask Them)

As a restaurant owner, your top priority is creating an exceptional customer experience.

But nobody gets it right from the start. If you want your restaurant business to succeed, listening to your guests and using guest feedback to improve your food and service is important.

• “A great restaurant doesn't distinguish itself by how few mistakes it makes but by how well they handle those mistakes”, says Danny Meyer , a New York City restaurateur and the Founder & Executive Chairman of the Union Square Hospitality Group (USHG).

We know how important customer feedback is, although sometimes it can be difficult to truly understand your guests without talking to them.

This is why restaurant surveys exist.

There are many ways you can conduct restaurant surveys (via email, POS system , reservation system, etc.), but what matters the most is asking the right restaurant survey questions.

Worry not because we've got you covered.

Here are the 55 best restaurant survey questions to ask and get honest feedback with actionable insights to improve your restaurant today.

Key Takeaways

• Break restaurant survey questions into categories to better understand customer satisfaction.
• Conduct a restaurant survey for both dine-in and takeout customers.
• Open-ended restaurant survey questions will help you get valuable insights from guest feedback.
• Using a restaurant survey app like Eat App makes conducting restaurant surveys smooth and simple.

The Benefits of Restaurant Surveys

1. Get honest feedback: You'll learn what your patrons think of your cuisine, service, and atmosphere.

2. Improve service quality: You can pinpoint problems with your menu, food packaging, and service and fix them to improve the customer experience based on the guest feedback you receive.

3. Plan out enhancements: Regularly conducting restaurant service surveys will enable you to measure restaurant feedback and monitor the effects of your adjustments on customer satisfaction.

4. Collect valuable guest information: When you want to launch customized promotions and offers, it will be invaluable to ask questions that help you understand more about your customers, like their age group and how often they come to your restaurant.

5. Prevents negative comments from being made online: Restaurant surveys are like lifesavers. Unhappy customers might complain online after a bad meal. But if you ask them for feedback first, they can tell you directly instead of posting negative reviews.

Guest feedback, particularly through surveys, is a critical tool to understand what our guests want. It allows us to identify areas where we can improve and innovate to deliver an exceptional restaurant experience.

Here's stats to highlight the importance of surveys:

• According to a study by Applova, a customer experience platform, 90% of businesses believe that customer experience is critical to their success [source: How can Restaurants Benefit from Customer Surveys? - Applova ].
• Toast, a point-of-sale system company, highlights that well-designed surveys can provide actionable feedback on food quality, service, and ambiance [source: 30 Restaurant Survey Questions to Help You Get Crucial Feedback | On the Line - Toast].

Types of survey questions for restaurants

To begin with, we would like to clarify that the following sample restaurant survey questions were selected to encompass every facet of a dining experience.

This covers ordering and delivery of food as well as food quality, service, ambiance, and cleanliness. However, 55 questions is a lot for a single survey, so consider your goals for the survey before choosing the questions for your customer feedback form. To uncover ways to make your own online ordering experience and food delivery service better, you can, for example, send one person who is only focused on it.

Select and combine the questions to create the perfect customer feedback survey.

Surveys can ask about different parts of your visit:

• What customers think of the food
• How they found the service
• Ordering online and delivery (if offered)
• Overall experience

Surveys can be quick and easy to answer:

• Yes or No answers
• Selecting a number (like 1 to 10)
• Choosing from options
• Short answer questions (not too many!)

We would advise against using too many of the above. Completing lengthy survey responses typically turns off customers.

55 Questions to ask in your restaurant survey

You should cover many topics in the restaurant survey questions - from food quality, service quality, and restaurant atmosphere to food delivery.

We have divided them into seven categories to make them easier for you to implement and start gathering helpful feedback right away.

>>> Want to know more about automatically collecting guest feedback? Schedule a meeting here.

General customer satisfaction questions

The customer feedback survey starts with the overall questions about the customer dining experience .

These restaurant survey questions help you discover the customer satisfaction rate and whether they will be happy to visit again or recommend you to their friends and family.

• How would you rate your experience from 1 to 10?
• Are you visiting [Restaurant name] for the first time?
• How often do you dine at [Restaurant name]?
• What was the highlight of your dining with us?
• What did you like the least about [Restaurant name]?
• How did you hear about [Restaurant name]?
• Would you recommend [Restaurant name] to a friend?

Questions about restaurant food and drinks

Food restaurant survey questions are the center of a restaurant survey.

Learn from the survey responses to understand how to improve food quality and accommodate different dietary preferences.

8. How did you enjoy your meal overall?

9. What did you order?

10. Were you served what you ordered?

11. Did your food arrive on time?

12. What do you think about [Restaurant name] menu items?

13. Did you try any of the [Restaurant name] specials?

14. Were we able to accommodate any dietary restrictions you may have?

15. What drinks were you having?

16. Were you satisfied with the beverages you ordered?

17. How do you like [Restaurant name] drink selection?

Survey questions about bookings

The customer experience begins with making a reservation. These are the survey questions to ask to understand how to improve the booking system.

18. Did you make a reservation before visiting [Restaurant name]?

19. How did you make your reservation?

20. How would you rate the reservation process?

21. Did you receive the reservation confirmation?

22. Did you receive a reservation reminder?

>>> Case Study: Increasing Online Bookings & Streamlining Restaurant Operations

Survey questions about the ambiance

To gain valuable insight into how your guests feel when they dine at your restaurant , ask the following questions about the restaurant's atmosphere in the restaurant survey.

23. Did [Restaurant name] feel welcoming upon your arrival?

24. What do you think about our restaurant's environment?

25. How do you feel about the noise levels in [Restaurant name]?

26. How well would you say the interior space was organized?

Survey questions about facilities

If the facilities meet the standards, they can positively impact the customer experience.

Here are the facilities questions to ask in your restaurant survey.

27. Did our restaurant meet your standard of cleanliness and hygiene?

28. Was the space accessible and able to accommodate your needs?

29. Were the facilities well-equipped (paper towels, tampons, etc.)?

Service-related survey questions

Good service is the second most important aspect of your restaurant business, after food quality.

These restaurant service survey questions should be a part of your regular restaurant survey.

30. How would you rate our service overall?

31. Was our staff friendly and able to accommodate your requests?

32. How long did you wait to be seated?

33. Who was your server?

34. Was the server able to answer any questions you had?

35. Did the server recommend our specials?

36. Was the server attentive towards your table?

37. Were the courses spaced out well?

38. Did the server clean the table between courses?

39. Did you receive adequate silverware for each course?

40. Did the server check if you needed anything regularly?

41. Did the server check your satisfaction after you were served?

42. How could we serve you better in the future?

Takeout restaurant survey questions

It's important to gather feedback from your dine-in guests, but it is equally important to receive customer feedback from the customers who dine outside the restaurant.

>>> Automatically collecting guest feedback. Schedule a call here today.

Here are restaurant survey questions to ask regarding customer preferences for the takeout and delivery services.

43. Did you make a takeout or delivery order?

44. How did you make your order?

45. Was the online ordering system easy to navigate?

46. How long did the ordering process take?

47. What did you order?

48. How long did you wait for your meal to be prepared?

49. How long did you wait for delivery?

50. Did you get what you ordered?

51. Did you receive an update when the food was ready and on its way?

52. Was our staff friendly during the takeout/delivery service?

53. Was the cutlery included in the delivery box?

54. How satisfied are you with the takeout menu options?

55. How can we improve our takeout/delivery service?

Now that you have your restaurant survey questions lined up, what should you do to get them answered?

Continue reading below to find out how you can get started.

Restaurant surveys: getting started

Online surveys are a convenient way to collect guest feedback and provide a pleasant customer experience while gathering valuable data.

Online restaurant survey platforms such as Eat App can help you set up an excellent restaurant survey in no time.

When you collect guest feedback with Eat App , you get to gather valuable insights and automated reviews from customers easily and efficiently, taking away all the hassle and manual work of traditional surveys.

Eat App's online restaurant survey platform helps restaurants gather their customer feedback through a simple rate and review survey.

The survey is integrated with Eat App's table management and reservation system , which enables it to be sent out to customers within 12 hours of their dining experience.

>>> Want to know more? Schedule a free demo h ere.

What to do with guest feedback?

Once you have gathered feedback from your customers, it is important to take action on it. This means addressing any severe issues and commonly mentioned concerns.

Severe issues, such as health and accessibility problems, should be addressed immediately. This is also true for issues that have been reported by multiple customers.

For example , if several people have said that the music is too loud, you should take steps to lower the volume.

Issues that are more subjective, such as personal preferences, can be addressed after you have tracked the feedback for a while.

If you see that a particular complaint is mentioned repeatedly , you know it is a real issue that must be addressed.

It is also important to ask the right questions when gathering feedback from your customers.

Think about what aspects of your restaurant you want to improve, and build your survey around those areas. Don't just copy the questions from other restaurant surveys.

Finally, make sure your survey is not too long. You don't want to give your customers a survey they are unwilling to complete. You can offer incentives, such as a chance to win a gift card, to encourage people to give feedback.

Here are some additional tips for using customer feedback effectively:

• Be transparent with guests about how you will use their feedback.
• Respond to feedback promptly and respectfully.
• Take action on the feedback that you receive.
• Track the results of your changes and make adjustments as needed.

Advantages of using an online restaurant survey like Eat App

Collecting customer feedback through software such as Eat App has many perks.

• Cost-effective : Online restaurant surveys can automatically send the designed surveys to thousands of customers using the existing database in just a few clicks. Forget about typing the survey questions and guest details manually.
• Quick and easy : Due to the Eat App automation system, you can rest assured all your recent guests will receive a survey and a review request. Once you set up the restaurant survey questions you wish to ask, you don’t have to worry about it ever again.
• High response rate : Online surveys are sent to your guests via email a while after they’ve had their meal and had the time to form a complete impression. An online survey request doesn’t rush them to respond, so they can do so in their own time and comfort zone, which implies a higher response rate than traditional surveys.
• Better customer insights : While your guests might feel uncomfortable saying their honest negative feedback in person, they are more likely to express how they feel in a survey.
• Easy to use : Eat App, as an online survey tool, is very easy to use - both for the managers and the guests. Guests fill in a form you sent them; managers can simply extract, gather, and analyze the data . Moreover, through Eat App’s online review system, managers can look into the daily review reports and be up-to-date with customer satisfaction.
• Highly accurate : All the data your customers provide is safely stored in the Eat App system, leading to a highly accurate analysis of customer insights and feedback.

Regular customer surveys are important as they give real-time updates about how well your restaurant is performing and what aspects of your business need work.

Listening to your guests and acting upon their feedback can improve restaurant efficiency and inspire customer loyalty after you acknowledge their opinions and top their expectations.

Conducting surveys doesn’t have to be time-consuming and stressful.

You can automatically send restaurant surveys to all your guests in the database with a sophisticated solution such as EatApp.

Book a demo and get started with a carefree collection of meaningful and honest feedback.

How do I make a restaurant survey?

The easiest way to make a restaurant survey is through an online app like EatApp. Make a list of questions and send a restaurant questionnaire to your guests in a few clicks.

What are 5 good survey questions?

Among all restaurant survey questions, these 5 will give you an immediate idea of how well your restaurant is performing:

• What did you like the most when dining in our restaurant?
• What did you like the least about dining in our restaurant?
• Were we able to accommodate your personal preference?
• Would you recommend us to your family and friends?

What is the purpose of the restaurant survey?

A restaurant survey is the best way to collect guest feedback and analyze survey responses to improve customer experience in your restaurant.

It is the ultimate tool for understanding your guests' needs and learning how to offer better service.

What questions should I ask in a food survey?

• What did you order?
• Did you receive what you ordered?
• How would you rate the food quality?
• How satisfied are you with the menu options?
• Was the food warm when delivered?

Director of Marketing at Eat App

For the past 7+ years Ryan has been focused on helping restaurants succeed with digital marketing and front-of-house operations. He is Director Marketing at Eat App.

Reviewed by

Nezar Kadhem

Co-founder and CEO of Eat App

He is a regular speaker and panelist at industry events, contributing on topics such as digital transformation in the hospitality industry, revenue channel optimization and dine-in experience.

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Simple Market Research for a Food Business in Malaysia

A Market Research helps you to understand the market needs.

You have an idea or a food product in hand but don’t know what’s the next move. Especially starting up a new food business , you need sales and customers as soon as possible and wouldn’t want to make any hasty moves. The best way to get out of these uncertainties is by conducting market research for your food products.

What should you include in your market research?

• Customer demographics (e.g. age, gender, income)
• Social and lifestyle trends
• Needs and expectations
• Attitudes towards you and your competitors

How to do food market research?

Generally, many food business owners don’t fancy involving themselves in food market research reports  and prefer taking a leap of faith by immediately diving into selling their food products in the market.

You are not looking for a one-wave sales and call it an end, right? So, take the time to conduct market research for your food business to strategize it for long-term growth, which is the whole point of running a business that provides food and beverage services.

So, before marketing your products online or displaying them on shelves, you will need to understand your core target customers and then conduct a competitors analysis .

In order for potential customers to choose your food product and stick with your brand for a long time, you need to first outshine other similar products and brands.

Hence, if you do not know who your customers are and what they like and dislike, you might be wasting all your time and energy on your business. So, the solution here is to have a food and beverage industry analysis.

Here are the Tips to Start Your Online Market Research. 

Conduct a market survey for food products on Google Trends to find out what your targeted customers are looking for online. Key-in keywords that are relevant to your business. Set the criteria suitable to your target market and see the results. It is one of the easiest game-changing instruments for  food consumer research.

Here is the Google Trends screenshot  to see Google Trends Malaysia products

How to start a market survey?

#1 step: choose the country (we chose malaysia).

#2 Step: Enter keywords (food product) you wish to search for

#3 Step: Enter other keywords for comparison

#4 Step: Search for the results

#5 Step: Change the default “Past 12 months” to any timeframe you like

As a result, from this easy market survey , we know that most searches on “Kek lapis” are from East Malaysia.

Also, the most searches from google trends product in Malaysia were during Hari Raya Celebration. So, now you can plan strategically and start promoting “Kek lapis” before Hari Raya Festival for upcoming years!

How do small businesses do market research?

You can conduct a market survey in many ways convenient for you. Conducting proper and thorough market research will help you understand why your customers might want to buy your food products. You should also think of other factors in their decision-making process that could begin with a personal reason to cultural and social reasons.

Primary market research

Primary research here is referred to as research carried out by you or your representatives that answer your specific questions.

Your primary research should focus directly on the customers and those who are first-hand contacts. Your survey can be as simple as reaching out to your target group or speaking to them over the phone. You should also consider speaking to your friends and family. They are sure to give you the most honest review of your food products.

Secondary market research

This type of research involves more studying of researches of similar food businesses and their reviews with some statistics to complement the results. All you need to do is find companies and businesses that already do the research you’re looking for. You might even get tips on improving your food products from them.

The best research to do for you to know what people feel about your food product is the primary one. They will get to taste and try your product first-hand and you get to obtain feedback and helpful advice instantly.

Ultimately, it is up to you and what you feel comfortable with. So, look out for:

• Who will your customers be?
• What are they currently buying?
• Why are they buying th particular product from you or your rival brand?
• Why would they want to buy from you?

We are more than happy to help you

After all the market researches, you might want to look at the certified food packaging logos to display only your food packaging. Well, we specialise in designing attractive yet unique food packaging that will help your food product look appealing for consumers. So, fret not, we will make sure your food product looks amazing. You are left to focus on making them taste good!

Drop us a message and we will get back to you!

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This article is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute legal or professional advice. Although we strive to provide accurate general information, the information presented here is not a substitute for any kind of professional advice, and you should not rely solely on this information. Please opt for a one-to-one consultation with us or a relevant professional for your specific concerns regarding food business solutions in Malaysia before making any decisions.

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Small Business Trends

132 market research questions to ask.

Market research sounds so formal. Yet it doesn’t have to be. It can be part of your daily marketing activity if you adopt one of the best and easiest techniques: simply ask questions.

Asking market research questions can yield new insights to boost your marketing to the next level. One example of market research involves gathering competitive information to inform your new product and service development.

Another market research example involves creating clear pictures of your ideal customers — called customer personas –for precise targeting. Other market research examples involve gathering feedback from existing customers to measure customer satisfaction.

The key to success, however, is knowing which questions to ask. Below is a list of 132 market research questions to use as templates for your own questions. Use them to ask questions internally to your team, or ask prospects and clients directly.

Types of Market Research Questions

Market research questions.

A good way to start your market research is to size up and describe your target audience. Gather primary and secondary research to assess the following marketing parameters:

• What is the size of our target market? How many potential customers are there?
• Do we have a good set of customer personas developed, to understand ideal target customers?
• Demographic questions: gender, age, ethnicity. Include annual income, education and marital status.
• Firmographic questions: size, industry. Include annual revenues and other relevant factors.
• Psychographic questions: habits, preferences, interests.
• What key consumer trends do we see?
• How do we identify new target segments? How do these new segments differ from those we already have?
• Which neighborhoods and zip codes do we get most of our customers from today?
• Which geographic locations are growing? Are the demographics of growth markets similar to those in which we already operate? If not, what should we change?
• Is online commerce or online service delivery a growth opportunity? Are our competitors doing business online?
• Can we find marketing partners to expand our reach?

Related: How to Conduct Market Research

Questions to Ask Customers

Use the following as survey questions, either post sale or as post-support surveys. Or use these market research questions to conduct a focus group, interview individual customers, or engage potential customers during the sales process.

Make it a point to include respondents who are less than thrilled with your customer service. You learn more than if you only talk with happy customers. Ask:

• How did you hear about us?
• What made you choose us?
• What features do you like most about our product or service?
• Is our product or service easy, fast, convenient to use?
• What do you wish our product or service did that it does not today?
• Are you aware that we offer _________?
• Were our personnel courteous in all dealings?
• Did we answer all your questions or solve your support problem?
• Can we help you get started using our product or service?
• Were you satisfied with our promptness and speed?
• Would you be willing to tell friends, family or colleagues about us?
• How do you rate your experience with us?
• Would you buy from us again?
• Why have you decided to leave us / not renew?
• How likely are you to recommend our product/service to others on a scale of 1-10?
• What is the primary reason for your score?
• Can you describe a situation where our product/service exceeded your expectations?
• What changes would most improve our product/service?
• If you could change one thing about our product/service, what would it be?
• How do our products/services fit into your daily life or routine?
• What other products/services do you wish we offered?

Related: Tailoring Survey Questions for Your Industry and Best Practices for Surveys

Pricing and Value

The following are pricing research questions to ask. Small business owners and marketers may want to assign someone to do a competitive analysis, such as gathering data from competitor websites and putting it into a spreadsheet.

Doing research may also require you to gather information internally. For example, meet with Sales to discuss feedback they receive from possible customers.

You could also ask Customer Support to start tracking when customers give price as a reason to not renew. Here are sample market research questions about pricing:

• Does our team have a compelling sales pitch based on value, not just price?
• How do we create more value to justify our prices?
• How can we position our product as “premium”?
• What are our competitors charging? Are our prices higher, lower or about the same?
• Are our prices allowing sufficient profit to stay in business?
• How often do sales and support staff hear pricing objections? And how often do they overcome them?
• Are we identifying enough people who can afford our products and services, or who want to pay what we ask for?
• Can we more precisely target prospects by income, neighborhoods and other factors to isolate a target audience receptive to our price point?
• In the case of B2B, are we targeting the right industries with needs and pain points we can solve?
• Are we targeting the right job title? Does the target executive have sufficient budget authority?
• How does our business model compare in our industry? Are we missing opportunities?
• What kind of promotions are our competitors advertising? Bulk buys / annual subscriptions? Free gift with purchase? Discounts? Sales events?
• How do our prices compare with the value you perceive from our products/services?
• What pricing model do you find most appealing – subscription, one-time purchase, pay-per-use?
• How sensitive are you to price changes in our products/services?
• What discounts or promotions would encourage you to make a purchase?

Product or Service Questions

Ask yourself or your team these market research questions about your products and services:

• Are our new products or services sufficiently unique compared with what already exists?
• What exactly is our value proposition — the reason customers should choose us? How can we best convey our benefits?
• How are customers currently solving the problem that our product addresses?
• What products do competitors offer? How does our target market view these competitive offerings?
• How do competitors deliver service? Does their process differ from our methods? Are there obvious advantages such as cost or time savings to gain if we adjust?
• Customers have been asking for a certain service — do others in the market offer it?  What do they charge?
• What changes will customers likely want in the future that technology can provide?
• How do we get feedback about our product, so we know what to improve, and what to highlight in sales and marketing messages?
• What technology is available in the market to improve operational productivity or cut costs? What solutions are competitors or big corporations using?
• When considering new product development, do we interview customers to test their interest level?
• Are there any untapped market segments or niches where our products or services could be a perfect fit?
• What are the potential challenges or barriers that customers face when using our products or services?
• Have we conducted customer satisfaction surveys to gauge overall customer experience and identify areas for improvement?
• Are there any complementary products or services that we could offer to enhance our customers’ experience?
• How do customers perceive the quality and reliability of our products or services compared to competitors?
• What are the specific pain points or needs that our products or services address, and how well are we communicating this to customers?
• Have we explored partnerships or collaborations with other businesses to expand our product/service offerings?
• Are there any emerging trends or technologies in the market that could disrupt our current products or services?
• Have we analyzed customer feedback and complaints to identify recurring issues that require immediate attention?
• What are the future trends and demands in our industry, and how can we proactively align our offerings with these trends?
• What additional features would you like to see in our future products?
• How can we improve the user experience of our product/service?
• What would make you choose our product/service over a competitor’s?
• Are there any aspects of our product/service that you find unnecessary or rarely use?

Related: How to Minimize Survey Fatigue

Online Visibility Questions

Online traffic is essential to most small businesses, even local businesses, to drive in-store traffic. Market research questions can assess your company’s online visibility. Get answers from your digital team:

• How much website traffic do we receive compared with competitors? Check free tools like Alexa and SimilarWeb – while not exact they can compare relative levels of traffic.
• How prominently do we appear in search engines like Google and Bing?
• Do we appear in search engines for the queries our audience is searching for, using their words? Or do we need to invest in search engine optimization?
• Which search queries actually send us website traffic? Check Google Search Console or another SEO tool.
• How does our search visibility compare with competitors? A tool like SEMRush or Ahrefs can give this kind of advanced look.
• Have we done a gap analysis and identified which keywords our competitors rank for? Do we have a content marketing plan to attract more visitors?
• Have we claimed business listings like Google My Business and Bing Places, and completed them with engaging content such as photos?
• How prominently do we show up in Google Maps, Apple Maps and Bing Maps?
• Do we give visitors something to do on our website to engage them, such as fill out a lead gen form, read the blog, or schedule an appointment?
• Are our website’s loading speed and performance optimized for a better user experience?
• Do we have a mobile-friendly website that caters to the growing number of mobile users?
• Are we utilizing social media platforms effectively to engage with our target audience?
• Have we analyzed user behavior on our website through tools like Google Analytics to identify areas for improvement?
• Are we actively monitoring and responding to online reviews and comments about our business?
• Have we implemented effective link building strategies to improve our website’s authority and search rankings?
• How do our online advertising efforts compare with competitors in terms of reach and conversion rates?
• Are we using email marketing campaigns to nurture leads and maintain communication with our customers?
• Have we explored influencer marketing as a way to expand our online reach and brand visibility?
• Are we leveraging online customer feedback surveys to gather insights and improve our online presence?
• What type of content would you like to see more of on our website?
• How easy is it to navigate our website and find what you’re looking for?
• Are there any online channels (social media, forums, etc.) where you feel we should have a presence?
• How do you prefer to interact with us online – through email, live chat, social media, or other channels?

Related: How to Interpret Survey Results

Reputation Management

Customers today have extraordinary power to talk about a brand, and its products and services. Customers can choose dozens of social media sites or review sites like Yelp to share opinions.

A big part of market research today is to find out what customers think and say about your business (and also about your competitors). You want answers to the following market research questions:

• Do we have negative reviews online?
• Do we have any other type of reputation issue, such as poor word of mouth in our local community?
• Are competitors spamming with fake reviews?
• What can we learn from bad reviews?
• Do we thank those who give positive reviews and referrals, or do we ignore them?
• Do we address negative reviews or complaints by trying to make good or by correcting wrong facts?
• Can we use an app such as GatherUp.com to make it easy for customers to leave reviews?
• Does our website have compelling testimonials?
• What is the first thing that comes to mind when you hear our brand name?
• How would you describe our company to a friend or colleague?
• Are there any misconceptions about our brand that you think we should address?
• How do you perceive our efforts in responding to and resolving customer complaints or issues?

Messaging and Advertising

Assess your current marketing messages. Brands will want to know that their messaging supports their marketing goals. Make sure to also assess advertising to make sure it is in sync with goals and performing well:

• Have we identified the milestones in the customer journey, and what customers looking for at each milestone? Are we addressing the milestones?
• What emotions drive our customers’ buying decisions? Fear? Aspirational desire? Does our messaging align with these emotional needs?
• What information sources do prospects rely on? TV, online digital, social media, radio, newspapers?
• Which marketing and advertising channels have been our top performers?
• Have we developed quality content to educate and persuade prospects?
• What are the best advertising methods and media outlets to reach our prospects?
• Are we using our advertising spend to precisely target our desired buyer, or is it spray and pray?
• Where and how frequently do competitors advertise, and what messages do they use?
• Do we have good assets such as display ads and landing pages to drive prospects to? How do they compare with competitors’ assets?
• What social media channels does our target market use? Should we boost our presence on those channels?
• What issues do our target buyers talk about on social media?
• Do we use heat maps, A/B testing or other measurements to test content and calls to action?
• Do our marketing messages align with the values and brand identity we want to convey to our target audience?
• How do our marketing messages address common pain points or challenges faced by our customers?
• Have we conducted focus groups or surveys to gather direct feedback on the effectiveness of our marketing messages?
• Are there any cultural or regional considerations that could impact the resonance of our messaging with different segments of our target audience?
• What unique selling points (USPs) do we emphasize in our advertising, and how well do they differentiate us from competitors?
• Have we tested various advertising messages to identify which ones resonate best with our target audience?
• Are we effectively utilizing storytelling techniques in our marketing messages to create emotional connections with our customers?
• How do we track the success of our advertising campaigns in terms of reach, engagement, and conversions?
• Have we analyzed customer journey data to identify potential gaps in our messaging at various touchpoints?
• Are there any specific keywords or phrases that our target audience commonly uses, and how can we incorporate them into our messaging?
• What messages in our advertising resonate with you the most?
• Are there certain advertising channels where you feel our presence is lacking?
• How do you usually respond to our advertising – visit our website, follow us on social media, make a purchase?
• In your opinion, what could improve the effectiveness of our advertising campaigns?

Related: 9 Strategies to Get More Customer Feedback and When to Use Online Surveys .

These 132 questions and examples of market research should give you plenty to explore. Always come back to the most important question of all: what can we do better? Answering this one question can put your brand well on the way toward long term growth.

Image: Depositphotos.com

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Government of Canada announces investment in research to promote more diverse crop rotations on farms

From: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

News release

Research activities are at the heart of innovation and progress, especially in agriculture, and can lead to long-term growth and success for the sector.

May 13, 2024 – Guelph, Ontario – Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Today, Lloyd Longfield, Member of Parliament for Guelph, on behalf of the Honourable Lawrence MacAulay, Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food, announced up to $5,733,852 to the Canadian Field Crop Research Alliance (CFCRA) through the AgriScience Program – Clusters Component, an initiative under the Sustainable Canadian Agricultural Partnership, to promote more diverse crop rotations on farms.

The Cropping Systems Cluster, led by CFCRA, will develop the characteristics and practices to encourage diverse crop rotations for soybean, corn and oat. The research aims to reduce business risk for farmers by developing crops that are resilient to climate change and weather stresses, protect against losses caused by diseases and insects, and are profitable for producers overall. This will be achieved by developing oat varieties with improved traits for Eastern and Western Canada, as well as improving soybean varieties for short-season production environments in Canada.

Research activities will also explore how diverse crop rotations can play a central role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and how better genetics, land management, and fertilizer use can improve nitrogen use efficiency to protect the environment.

“With climate change having a direct impact on producers, crop diversity is vitally important to keeping our agriculture sector healthy, productive, and competitive. This funding will help researchers explore the benefits of crop rotations and encourage producers to integrate soybean, corn and oat crops into their farms.” - The Honourable Lawrence MacAulay, Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food

“Research and innovation to improve crop rotations on farms is important to ensure producers can grow the most efficient and sustainable soybean, corn, and oat crops. With this funding to the Canadian Field Crop Research Alliance, scientists will be focusing on issues important to farmers here in Guelph and systems that can benefit farmers across Canada.” - Lloyd Longfield, Member of Parliament, Guelph

“The Canadian Field Crop Research Alliance applauds the Government of Canada’s investment in vital agricultural and food industry research. The Cropping Systems Cluster will target soybean, corn and oat, emphasizing disease resistance enhancement, crop variety improvement, and integration of cover crops. The research outcomes will support diverse crop rotations that can reduce GHG emissions, improve environmental resiliency and grow the economic stability of the Canadian grain sector.” - Wade Hainstock, President, Canadian Field Crop Research Alliance

Quick facts

Soybean production generated $3.9 billion in farm cash receipts in 2023, being the third most valuable field crop in Canada.

Canadian corn production has risen incrementally since 2010, increasing export revenue to a record of $941 million in 2021-22.

In 2021-22, Canadian oat exports were valued at $558 million, with 93% of exports going to the United States.

Crop rotation is the practice of planting crops with diverse characteristics in sequence on the same field over time. It improves the ability of producers to manage the soil in a manner that optimizes soil health and nutrient use, prevents soil erosion, reduces pest infestations, and increases yields.

The AgriScience Program, under the Sustainable Canadian Agricultural Partnership, aims to accelerate innovation by providing funding and support for pre-commercial science activities and research that benefits the agriculture and agri-food sector, and Canadians.

The Clusters Component, under the AgriScience Program, supports projects intended to mobilize industry, government, and academia through partnerships and address priority national themes and horizontal issues.

The Canadian Field Crop Research Alliance (CFCRA) is a not-for-profit entity founded in 2010 with an interest in advancing the economic and environmental sustainability of field crops in Canada, particularly barley, corn, soybeans, oat and wheat.

Associated links

• AgriScience Program – Clusters
• Canadian Field Crop Research Alliance

Francis Chechile Press Secretary Office of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food [email protected]

Media Relations Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Ottawa, Ontario 613-773-7972 1-866-345-7972 [email protected] Follow us on  Twitter ,  Facebook ,  Instagram , and  LinkedIn Web:  Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics Innovation Lab for Food Security Policy, Research, Capacity and Influence

Does pesticide use influence crop productivity in uganda.

May 14, 2024 - Linda Nakato, Umar Kabanda, Pauline Nakitende, Tess Lallemant & Milu Muyanga

Pests have damaging effects on crop yields, and consequently household welfare and food security. In Uganda, crop losses due to pests and diseases amount to are estimated at US$ 35-200 million (bananas), US$60-80 million (cassava), US$10 million (cotton), and US$8 million (coffee) annually (PARM, 2017). Yet, the 2019/2020 Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS) reports that only 6% of Ugandan farmers use pesticides which include insecticides, herbicides, acaricides among others. Though the dependence on pesticides is growing significantly in Africa, it is very low in Uganda as compared to other countries like Tanzania, Nigeria, and Ethiopia where according to Sheahan and Barrett (2017) pesticide use stood at 13%, 31%, and 33% respectively.

Despite the benefits, some studies explain that the indiscriminate use of pesticides on food crops lowers food quality and reduces yields in Uganda (Ngabirano and Birungi, 2020). While studies confirm that proper use of pesticides can prevent large crop losses, and thus increase crop productivity (Popp et al., 2013), analytical gaps still exist on the types and sources of pesticides used in Uganda. In addition, there is also inadequate literature showing the relationship between pesticide use and crop productivity in Uganda. Numerous studies have delved into the analysis of factors influencing crop productivity among smallholder farmers in various developing nations (Obasi et al., 2013; Mango et al., 2017; Mekuriaw et al., 2018; Myeni et al., 2019). However, there remains a notable gap in investigating the relationship between pesticide adoption and crop productivity in Uganda. The empirical gap identified motivates the study to examine the effects of pesticide use on crop productivity.

This policy brief makes use of data from the Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS)-2015/2016, 2018/19, and 2019/20 to examine the types and sources of pesticides used and pesticide use effect on crop productivity in Uganda. We begin the analysis by first examining the determinants of pesticide use in Uganda.

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Varsity Spirit president named St. Jude Marathon’s first corporate champion

Bill Seely will spearhead rallying local and national business leaders to get involved in the St. Jude Memphis Marathon Weekend by becoming sponsors, starting corporate fundraising teams and bringing in new donors. 

Aisling Mäki

Aisling Mäki has spent the better part of two decades writing about Memphis. A former digital journalist for WMC Action News 5 and staff reporter for Memphis Daily News, her work has also appeared in The Commercial Appeal, High Ground News, I Love Memphis, Inside Memphis Business, The Memphis Flyer, Memphis Parent, Memphis Magazine and Tri-State Defender. 

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